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    Biomolecules are organic compounds that are essential constituents of living organisms. The main biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds that produce polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones upon hydrolysis. They are also called saccharides due to their sweet taste. Carbohydrates have the general chemical formula of Cx(H2O)y. They are classified based on their behavior during hydrolysis and whether they are reducing or non-reducing.

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    Biomolecules are organic compounds that are essential constituents of living organisms. The main biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds that produce polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones upon hydrolysis. They are also called saccharides due to their sweet taste. Carbohydrates have the general chemical formula of Cx(H2O)y. They are classified based on their behavior during hydrolysis and whether they are reducing or non-reducing.

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    6 views17 pages

    Boplolpop

    Uploaded by

    faraz yusuf
    Biomolecules are organic compounds that are essential constituents of living organisms. The main biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds that produce polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones upon hydrolysis. They are also called saccharides due to their sweet taste. Carbohydrates have the general chemical formula of Cx(H2O)y. They are classified based on their behavior during hydrolysis and whether they are reducing or non-reducing.

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    BIOMOLECULES

    Biomolecules are the organic compounds present as essential constituents of the living
    organism in different cells.
    Biomolecules include
    1. Carbohydrates
    2. Proteins
    3. Enzymes
    4. Vitamins
    5. Nucleic acids.
    CARBOHYDRATES
    ❑ Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which upon
    hydrolysis produce polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.

    ❑ They are also called saccharides (From Latin word Saccharum = sugar) due to sweet taste.

    ❑ A carbohydrate is a naturally occurring compound, or a derivative of such a compound, with the general
    chemical formula Cx(H2O)y,
    CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

    1. Based to their behaviour on hydrolysis


    2. Based on their reducing and non-reducing nature
    1. MONOSACCHARIDES
    If the monosaccharides contain aldehyde

    If the monosaccharides contain ketone

    Example:
    1. Glucose
    STRUCTURE OF GLUCOSE
    1. The molecular for glucose is C6H12O6

    2.Heating with HI
    3. Reaction with HCN and NH2OH
    4. oxidation
    5. Reaction with acetic anhydride [Acetylation]

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