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Department of Mathematics

Dr. El-Sharkawy
Winter 2023

Mathematics
For Engineering - Math 103
Solution for Work Sheet Nr. 6

Continue: Differentiation.
[1] (a) f ( x)  cos x, f ( x  h)  cos( x  h)
f ( x  h)  f ( x ) cos( x  h)  cos( x) cos( x). cos(h)  sin( x). sin( h)  cos( x)
f ' ( x)  lim  lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
 cos(h)  1   sin(h)   cos(h)  1   sin( h) 
f ' ( x)   lim cos x.    lim sin( x).    cos( x) lim    sin( x). lim 
 h 0 h   h 0 h   h 0 h   h 0 h 
f ' ( x)  cos( x).(0)  sin( x).(1)   sin x
h h
 2. sin 2   sin  
cos(h)  1
 lim  2   lim  2  .  sin  h    1.0  0
Note that: lim  
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h   2 
2
This note is another solution for problem (8) in ws4
(b) f ( x)  sinh x, f ( x  h)  sinh( x  h)
f ( x  h)  f ( x ) sinh( x  h)  sinh( x) sinh( x). cosh(h)  cosh( x). sinh(h)  sinh( x)
f ' ( x)  lim  lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
 cosh(h)  1   sinh(h) 
f ' ( x)   lim sinh( x).    lim cosh( x). 
 h 0 h   h 0 h 
 cosh(h)  1   sinh(h) 
f ' ( x)   sinh( x). lim    cosh( x). lim 
 h  0 h   h  0 h 
f ' ( x)  sinh( x).(0)  cosh( x).(1)  cosh( x)
sinh(h) e h  e h e  h (e 2h  1) (e 2h  1)
Note that: lim  lim  lim  lim e h . lim  (1).(ln e)  1
h0 h h0 2h h0 2h h0 h0 2h
(e 2 h  1) (a x  1)
Knowing that:----- lim  ln e =1----using---- lim  ln a -----in problem (13) in ws4
h0 2h x 0 x
h h
2. sinh 2 ( ) sinh( )
cosh(h)  1 2  lim 2 . sinh( h )  1.0  0
Note that: lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h 2
2
cosh(h)  1 cosh(h)  1 cosh (h)  1
2
sinh 2 (h)
Or lim .  lim  lim .
h0 h cosh(h)  1 h0 h(cosh(h)  1) h0 h(cosh(h)  1)
sinh(h) sinh(h) sinh(h) sinh(h)  0 
 lim  lim lim  (1).   0
h0 h (cosh(h)  1) h0 h h0 (cosh(h)  1)  (1  1) 
1
  1
[2] f ( x)  sin x, f ( )  sin( )   y0
4 4 2
  1
f ' ( x)  cos x, f ' ( )  cos( )  m
4 4 2
y  y 0  m( x  x 0 )
1 1  
y  x  
2 2 4
x 1  
y  1  
2 2  4
1
[3] y  (sinh x)
2

 1  1
y '  2 sinh 1
x   2 sinh x (* 1  x 2 )
 
 1 x 1 x2
2

1  x 2 y'  2 sinh 1 x
Differentiate both sides with respect to x
1 1
(2 x) y ' 1  x 2 y' '  2 (* 1  x 2 )
2 1 x 2
1 x 2

(1  x 2 ) y' ' xy '  2


[4] y  (sin 1 x) 2
 1  1
y '  2 sin 1 x   2 sin x (* 1  x 2 )
 
 1 x 1 x2
2

1  x 2 y'  2 sin 1 x
Differentiate both sides with respect to x
1 1
(2 x) y ' 1  x 2 y ' '  2 (* 1  x 2 )
2 1 x2 1 x2
 xy '(1  x 2 ) y' '  2
Differentiate both sides with respect to x
 y' xy ' '(2 x) y' '(1  x ) y' ' '  0
2

(1  x 2 ) y' ' '3xy ' ' y'  0

2
[5] (a) y  [cos x]3  12 sin( x 2 )  y'  3 cos 2 x.( sin x)  12 cos( x 2 ).(2 x)
(b) y  tan(8x)  2[sec(12 x)]3  y'  sec 2 (8x).(8)  6 sec 2 (12 x).sec(12 x). tan(12 x).(12)
2 2 2
(c) y  4 (7 x ) [tan(6 x)]2  y'  4 (7 x ) (ln 4).(14 x) tan 2 (6 x)  4 (7 x ) (2 tan(6 x))(sec 2 (6 x))(6)
(d) y  [cot(7 x)]3  [csc(6 x)]4  y'  3 cot 2 (7 x).( csc 2 (7 x)).(7)  4 csc3 (6 x).( csc(6 x). cot(6 x)).(6)
(e) y  cos(2 x 2 )  [cot(9 x)]3  y'   sin(2 x 2 ).(4 x)  3 cot 2 (9 x).( csc 2 (9 x)).(9)
(f) y  ( x  4).[cos(9 x)]2  y'  cos 2 (9 x)  ( x  4).2 cos(9 x).( sin(9 x)).(9)
1  tan x
(g) y 
1  tan x
y' 
  
[(1  tan x).( sec 2 x)]  [(1  tan x).(sec2 x)]  sec 2 x  tan x sec 2 x  sec 2 x  sec 2 x tan x


(1  tan x) 2 (1  tan x) 2
 2 sec 2 x
y' 
(1  tan x) 2
5 3
5
(h) y  ( x  cot x) 2  y '  ( x  cot x) 2 .(1  csc 2 x)
2
(i) y  [tan(x 2 )]5  y'  5(tan(x 2 )) 4 .(sec 2 ( x 2 )).(2 x)
1 1
(j) y  sin x  y'  .(cos x ).
2 sin x 2 x
(k) y  [cot x]2  cot x 2  y'  2 cot x.( csc 2 x)  ( csc 2 x 2 ).(2 x)

(l) 
y  sin tan sin x   
 y'  cos tan sin x . sec 2 sin x .
 1 

.(cos x)
 2 sin x 
 1 
(m) y  cos( 1  x 2 )  y '   sin( 1  x 2 ). .(2 x)
 2 
 2 1  x 
1 1
(n) y  cos 1 (sin 1 x)  y'  .
1
1  (sin x) 2
1 x2
1
(o) y  sin 1 (3x  1)  y'  .(3)
1  (3x  1) 2

1  
 y '    sec 1 (3x 2 )  (ln x) ( 6 x )
1
(p) y  ln x. sec 1 (3x 2 )
 x  
 (3x ) (3x )  1 
2 2 2

1 1
(q) y  sin 1 (tan 1 x)  y'  .
1  (tan 1 x) 2 1  x
2

1 x  1 (1  x)(1)  (1  x)(1)


(r) y  cot 1    y'  .
1 x  1 x 
2
(1  x) 2
1  
1 x 

3
 2   
( x  tan 1 x).1 
1   ( x  sec 1 x). 2 x  1 
  

1  x 2 
x  sec 1 x   x x 2  1  
(s) y  y' 
x 2  tan 1 x ( x 2  tan 1 x) 2
1 2 1
(t) y 
2
 sin 1 (2 x  1)  y'  3  .(2)
x x 1  (2 x  1) 2
1
(u) y  tan 1 ( x 3 )  y'  .(3x 2 )
1  (x )
3 2

1
(v) y  (cot 1 x) 3  y'  3(cot 1 x) 2 .
1 x2
1 1
(w) y  sec 1 1  x 2  y'  . .(2 x)
1  x . (1  x )  1 2 1  x
2 2 2

 x 1 1
(x) y  tan 1    y'  .
a  x
2
a
1  
a
1 1
(y) y  csc 1 x  y'  .
1
2 csc x x x 2  1
1 1
(z) y  (tan 1 x) 1  tan 1 (sin x)  y'  (tan 1 x) 2 .  . cos x
1 x 2
1  (sin x) 2
 x 1 1
(i) y  ( x 2  1)  sin 1    y'  2 x  .
a  x a
2
1  
a
1 1
(ii) y  x 2  1  sin 1 x  y'  .(2 x) 
2 x2 1 1 x2
(iii) y  cos( 1  sin 2 x )  csc 1 (3x)
  1    1 
y '   sin( 1  sin 2 x ). .(2 sin x. cos x)   .(3)
 2 
  2 1  sin x    3x (3x) 2  1 
(iv) y  [sec 2 (3x)  cos 1 x]4
   1 
y '  4[sec 2 (3x)  cos 1 x]3 .2 sec(3x). sec(3x) tan(3x).(3)   
  2 
 1  x 
1  x  1  1 ( x  1).(1)  ( x  1).(1)
(v) y  sin    y'  .
 x  1  x 1
2 ( x  1) 2
1  
 x  1
1 1 1 1 1
(vi) y  tan (sin x ))  y'  . .
1
1  (sin x) 2
1  ( x )2 2 x

(vii) y  [cosh( 2 x  1)]4 


 y'  4 cosh( 2 x  1)  .sinh(
5
 
2 x  1) .
1 
(2)
 2 2x  1 
4
(viii) y  (log 2 x).(sec h(e 2 x ))
 1 
 y'   (sec h(e ))  (log 2 x)( sec h(e ) tanh(e ))(e )(2)
2x 2x 2x 2x

 x ln 2 
(ix) y  tan 2 (6 x  4)  y'  2 tan(6 x  4) sec 2 (6 x  4).(6)  12 tan(6 x  4) sec 2 (6 x  4)
(x) y  x 2 csc 4 (6 x)
y'  x 2 .4 csc3 (6 x).(). csc(6 x) cot(6 x).(6)  2 x csc 4 (6 x)
or ln y  2 ln x  4 ln(csc(6 x)) Differentiate with respect to x
1 2 24 csc(6 x) cot(6 x)  2 24 csc(6 x) cot(6 x)  2 
y'    y'  y.    y.  24 cot(6 x)
y x csc(6 x) x csc(6 x)  x 
2 
 y '  x 2 csc 4 (6 x).  24 cot(6 x)
x 
12
(xi) y  cosh 3 x  12 sin 1 x  y'  3 cosh 2 x sinh x 
1 x2
 24 2
(xii) y  2 sec h 1 (12 x)  y'  
12 x 1  144 x 2 x 1  144 x 2
(xiii) y  x3 coth2 (6 x)
y'  x 3 .2 coth(6 x).(). csc h 2 (6 x).(6)  3x 2 . coth 2 (6 x)
or ln y  3 ln x  2 ln(coth(6 x)) Differentiate with respect to x
1 3 2( csc h 2 (6 x))(6)  3 2( csc h 2 (6 x))(6)   3 12 csc h 2 (6 x) 
y'    y '  y.    y.  
y x coth(6 x) x coth(6 x)  x coth(6 x) 
3 12 
 y'  x 3 coth 2 (6 x).  
 x cosh(6 x) sinh(6 x) 
1
(xiv) y  (tanh x)  y'  (tanh x) 2 (sec h 2 x)
1 1 2 2
(xv) y  tanh (2 x)  csc h (2 x)  y'  
1  4x 2
2x 4x 2  1

5
Some Applications on Differentiation.
I – Logarithmic Differentiation:
 ab 
Remember that ln    ln( a)  ln(b)  ln(c)  ln( d )
 cd 
sin x tanh 4 x
2
[6] (a) y  take ln(.) for both sides
( x 2  1) 2
ln y  2 ln(sin x )  4 ln(tanh x )  2 ln( x 2  1) Differentiate with respect to x
1 2 cos x 4 sech x 4x 2
 2 cos x 4 sech 2 x 4x 
y'    2  y'  y .    2 
y sin x tanh x x 1  sin x tanh x x  1
sin2 x tanh 4 x  2 cos x 4 sech 2 x 4x 
 y'  .   2 
( x  1)
2 2
 sin x tanh x x  1
( x  1) 3 x  2
(b) y take ln(.) for both sides
4
x6
1 1
ln y  3 ln( x  1)  ln( x  2)  ln( x  6) Differentiate with respect to x
2 4
1 3 1 1  3 1 1 
y'     y '  y.   
y x  1 2( x  2) 4( x  6)  x  1 2( x  2) 4( x  6) 
( x  1) 3 x  2  3 1 1 
 y'  .   
x6  x  1 2( x  2) 4( x  6) 
4

 
1
1 1
(c) y  x. sinh x. 1  e  x. sinh x. 1  e
x x 2
take ln(.) for both sides
1 1 
ln y  ln x  ln(sinh 1 x)  ln(1  e x ) Differentiate with respect to x
2 2 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
y'   1
 ( e x )  y'  y   1
 (  e x
) 
y 2 x 2 sinh x 1  x 2 4(1  e x )  2 x 2 sinh x 1  x 2 4(1  e )
x

1 1 1 1 
 y '  x. sinh 1 x. 1  e x   1
 (  e x
) 
 2 x 2 sinh x 1  x 2 4(1  e )
x

(d) y  (sin x) x take ln(.) for both sides
ln y  x ln(sin x) Differentiate with respect to x
1 x cos x  x cos x 
y '  ln(sin x)   y '  y.ln(sin x) 
y sin x  sin x 
 x cos x 
 y '  (sin x) x .ln(sin x) 
 sin x 

6
(e) y  x ln x take ln(.) for both sides
ln y  ln x. ln x  (ln x) 2
Differentiate with respect to x
1 2 ln x  2 ln x  ln x  2 ln x 
y'   y '  y   x . 
y x  x   x 
(f) y  (ln x)
cos x
take ln(.) for both sides
ln y  cos x. ln(ln x) Differentiate with respect to x
1 cos x  cos x 
y '   sin x. ln(ln x)   y '  y. sin x. ln(ln x) 
y x ln x  x ln x 
 cos x 
 y '  (ln x) cos x . sin x. ln(ln x) 
 x ln x 
1
(g) y  (sinh x) x take ln(.) for both sides
1
ln y  (ln(sinh x)) Differentiate with respect to x
x
1 cosh x ln(sinh x)  cosh x ln(sinh x) 
y'    y '  y.  
y x sinh x x2  x sinh x x2
1
 cosh x ln(sinh x) 
 y '  (sinh x) x .  x sinh x  
x2
(h) y  (csc h 1 x) 2  (coth x) x

Let y uv where u  (csc h 1 x) 2 and v  (coth x) x

y'  u'v'
 1 
u '  2(csc h 1 x) 
 | x | 1 x2 
 
v  (coth x) x
take ln(.) for both sides
ln v  x ln(coth x) Differentiate with respect to x
1 1 1  1 1 
v'  ln(coth x)  x ( csc h 2 x)  v'  v  ln(coth x)  x ( csc h 2 x)
v 2 x coth x 2 x coth x 
 1 1 
 v'  (coth x) 
x
ln(coth x)  x ( csc h 2 x)
2 x coth x 
 
 y '  u 'v'  2(csc h 1 x)
1   (coth x) x  1 ln(coth x)  x 1 ( csc h 2 x)
 | x | 1 x2   
  2 x coth x 

7
II – Implicit Differentiation:
[7] (a) x
2
y  3xy 2  x  3 Differentiate with respect to x
2 xy  x 2 y'3 y 2  3 x .( 2 y ) y'1  0
( x 2  6 xy ) y' ( 2 xy  3 y 2  1)  0
1  2 xy  3 y 2
y' 
x 2  6 xy
(b) cos( xy )  y Differentiate with respect to x
 sin( xy ).[ y  xy ' ]  y '
[ x sin( xy )  1] y '  y sin( xy )
 y sin( xy )
y' 
x sin( xy )  1
(c) sin( x 2 y 2 )  x Differentiate with respect to x
cos( x 2 y 2 ).[2 xy 2  2 x 2 yy ' ]  1
1  2 xy 2 cos( x 2 y 2 )
y' 
2 x 2 y cos( x 2 y 2 )
xy 3
(d)  1 y4  xy 3  (1  y 4 ).(1  sec y) Differentiate with respect to x
1  sec y
y 3  3xy 2 y '  (4 y 3 y ' ).(1  sec( y ))  (1  y 4 ).(sec( y ) tan( y ) y ' )
[3xy 2  4 y 3 (1  sec( y ))  (1  y 4 )(sec( y ) tan( y ))]. y '   y 3
 y3
y' 
[3xy 2  4 y 3 (1  sec( y ))  (1  y 4 )(sec( y ) tan( y ))]
(e) x 2 y 2  y ln x  10 Differentiate with respect to x
 1 y
2 xy 2  x 2 (2 yy ' )   y' ln x  y   0 (2 x 2 y  ln x) y '2 xy 2  0
 x x
y
 2 xy 2
y'  x 2
2 x y  ln x
(f) tan( x )  y. sec( y )  1 Differentiate with respect to x

1  1 
sec 2 ( x )   y '.sec( y )  y sec( y ) tan( y ) y'   0
2 x  2 y 
1
sec2 ( x )
2 x
y' 
1
sec( y )  y sec( y ) tan( y )
2 y


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