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Guc 2 61 38781 2023-11-25T16 29 33
Guc 2 61 38781 2023-11-25T16 29 33
Dr. El-Sharkawy
Winter 2023
Mathematics
For Engineering - Math 103
Solution for Work Sheet Nr. 6
Continue: Differentiation.
[1] (a) f ( x) cos x, f ( x h) cos( x h)
f ( x h) f ( x ) cos( x h) cos( x) cos( x). cos(h) sin( x). sin( h) cos( x)
f ' ( x) lim lim lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
cos(h) 1 sin(h) cos(h) 1 sin( h)
f ' ( x) lim cos x. lim sin( x). cos( x) lim sin( x). lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
f ' ( x) cos( x).(0) sin( x).(1) sin x
h h
2. sin 2 sin
cos(h) 1
lim 2 lim 2 . sin h 1.0 0
Note that: lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h 2
2
This note is another solution for problem (8) in ws4
(b) f ( x) sinh x, f ( x h) sinh( x h)
f ( x h) f ( x ) sinh( x h) sinh( x) sinh( x). cosh(h) cosh( x). sinh(h) sinh( x)
f ' ( x) lim lim lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
cosh(h) 1 sinh(h)
f ' ( x) lim sinh( x). lim cosh( x).
h 0 h h 0 h
cosh(h) 1 sinh(h)
f ' ( x) sinh( x). lim cosh( x). lim
h 0 h h 0 h
f ' ( x) sinh( x).(0) cosh( x).(1) cosh( x)
sinh(h) e h e h e h (e 2h 1) (e 2h 1)
Note that: lim lim lim lim e h . lim (1).(ln e) 1
h0 h h0 2h h0 2h h0 h0 2h
(e 2 h 1) (a x 1)
Knowing that:----- lim ln e =1----using---- lim ln a -----in problem (13) in ws4
h0 2h x 0 x
h h
2. sinh 2 ( ) sinh( )
cosh(h) 1 2 lim 2 . sinh( h ) 1.0 0
Note that: lim lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h 2
2
cosh(h) 1 cosh(h) 1 cosh (h) 1
2
sinh 2 (h)
Or lim . lim lim .
h0 h cosh(h) 1 h0 h(cosh(h) 1) h0 h(cosh(h) 1)
sinh(h) sinh(h) sinh(h) sinh(h) 0
lim lim lim (1). 0
h0 h (cosh(h) 1) h0 h h0 (cosh(h) 1) (1 1)
1
1
[2] f ( x) sin x, f ( ) sin( ) y0
4 4 2
1
f ' ( x) cos x, f ' ( ) cos( ) m
4 4 2
y y 0 m( x x 0 )
1 1
y x
2 2 4
x 1
y 1
2 2 4
1
[3] y (sinh x)
2
1 1
y ' 2 sinh 1
x 2 sinh x (* 1 x 2 )
1 x 1 x2
2
1 x 2 y' 2 sinh 1 x
Differentiate both sides with respect to x
1 1
(2 x) y ' 1 x 2 y' ' 2 (* 1 x 2 )
2 1 x 2
1 x 2
2
[5] (a) y [cos x]3 12 sin( x 2 ) y' 3 cos 2 x.( sin x) 12 cos( x 2 ).(2 x)
(b) y tan(8x) 2[sec(12 x)]3 y' sec 2 (8x).(8) 6 sec 2 (12 x).sec(12 x). tan(12 x).(12)
2 2 2
(c) y 4 (7 x ) [tan(6 x)]2 y' 4 (7 x ) (ln 4).(14 x) tan 2 (6 x) 4 (7 x ) (2 tan(6 x))(sec 2 (6 x))(6)
(d) y [cot(7 x)]3 [csc(6 x)]4 y' 3 cot 2 (7 x).( csc 2 (7 x)).(7) 4 csc3 (6 x).( csc(6 x). cot(6 x)).(6)
(e) y cos(2 x 2 ) [cot(9 x)]3 y' sin(2 x 2 ).(4 x) 3 cot 2 (9 x).( csc 2 (9 x)).(9)
(f) y ( x 4).[cos(9 x)]2 y' cos 2 (9 x) ( x 4).2 cos(9 x).( sin(9 x)).(9)
1 tan x
(g) y
1 tan x
y'
[(1 tan x).( sec 2 x)] [(1 tan x).(sec2 x)] sec 2 x tan x sec 2 x sec 2 x sec 2 x tan x
(1 tan x) 2 (1 tan x) 2
2 sec 2 x
y'
(1 tan x) 2
5 3
5
(h) y ( x cot x) 2 y ' ( x cot x) 2 .(1 csc 2 x)
2
(i) y [tan(x 2 )]5 y' 5(tan(x 2 )) 4 .(sec 2 ( x 2 )).(2 x)
1 1
(j) y sin x y' .(cos x ).
2 sin x 2 x
(k) y [cot x]2 cot x 2 y' 2 cot x.( csc 2 x) ( csc 2 x 2 ).(2 x)
(l)
y sin tan sin x
y' cos tan sin x . sec 2 sin x .
1
.(cos x)
2 sin x
1
(m) y cos( 1 x 2 ) y ' sin( 1 x 2 ). .(2 x)
2
2 1 x
1 1
(n) y cos 1 (sin 1 x) y' .
1
1 (sin x) 2
1 x2
1
(o) y sin 1 (3x 1) y' .(3)
1 (3x 1) 2
1
y ' sec 1 (3x 2 ) (ln x) ( 6 x )
1
(p) y ln x. sec 1 (3x 2 )
x
(3x ) (3x ) 1
2 2 2
1 1
(q) y sin 1 (tan 1 x) y' .
1 (tan 1 x) 2 1 x
2
3
2
( x tan 1 x).1
1 ( x sec 1 x). 2 x 1
1 x 2
x sec 1 x x x 2 1
(s) y y'
x 2 tan 1 x ( x 2 tan 1 x) 2
1 2 1
(t) y
2
sin 1 (2 x 1) y' 3 .(2)
x x 1 (2 x 1) 2
1
(u) y tan 1 ( x 3 ) y' .(3x 2 )
1 (x )
3 2
1
(v) y (cot 1 x) 3 y' 3(cot 1 x) 2 .
1 x2
1 1
(w) y sec 1 1 x 2 y' . .(2 x)
1 x . (1 x ) 1 2 1 x
2 2 2
x 1 1
(x) y tan 1 y' .
a x
2
a
1
a
1 1
(y) y csc 1 x y' .
1
2 csc x x x 2 1
1 1
(z) y (tan 1 x) 1 tan 1 (sin x) y' (tan 1 x) 2 . . cos x
1 x 2
1 (sin x) 2
x 1 1
(i) y ( x 2 1) sin 1 y' 2 x .
a x a
2
1
a
1 1
(ii) y x 2 1 sin 1 x y' .(2 x)
2 x2 1 1 x2
(iii) y cos( 1 sin 2 x ) csc 1 (3x)
1 1
y ' sin( 1 sin 2 x ). .(2 sin x. cos x) .(3)
2
2 1 sin x 3x (3x) 2 1
(iv) y [sec 2 (3x) cos 1 x]4
1
y ' 4[sec 2 (3x) cos 1 x]3 .2 sec(3x). sec(3x) tan(3x).(3)
2
1 x
1 x 1 1 ( x 1).(1) ( x 1).(1)
(v) y sin y' .
x 1 x 1
2 ( x 1) 2
1
x 1
1 1 1 1 1
(vi) y tan (sin x )) y' . .
1
1 (sin x) 2
1 ( x )2 2 x
x ln 2
(ix) y tan 2 (6 x 4) y' 2 tan(6 x 4) sec 2 (6 x 4).(6) 12 tan(6 x 4) sec 2 (6 x 4)
(x) y x 2 csc 4 (6 x)
y' x 2 .4 csc3 (6 x).(). csc(6 x) cot(6 x).(6) 2 x csc 4 (6 x)
or ln y 2 ln x 4 ln(csc(6 x)) Differentiate with respect to x
1 2 24 csc(6 x) cot(6 x) 2 24 csc(6 x) cot(6 x) 2
y' y' y. y. 24 cot(6 x)
y x csc(6 x) x csc(6 x) x
2
y ' x 2 csc 4 (6 x). 24 cot(6 x)
x
12
(xi) y cosh 3 x 12 sin 1 x y' 3 cosh 2 x sinh x
1 x2
24 2
(xii) y 2 sec h 1 (12 x) y'
12 x 1 144 x 2 x 1 144 x 2
(xiii) y x3 coth2 (6 x)
y' x 3 .2 coth(6 x).(). csc h 2 (6 x).(6) 3x 2 . coth 2 (6 x)
or ln y 3 ln x 2 ln(coth(6 x)) Differentiate with respect to x
1 3 2( csc h 2 (6 x))(6) 3 2( csc h 2 (6 x))(6) 3 12 csc h 2 (6 x)
y' y ' y. y.
y x coth(6 x) x coth(6 x) x coth(6 x)
3 12
y' x 3 coth 2 (6 x).
x cosh(6 x) sinh(6 x)
1
(xiv) y (tanh x) y' (tanh x) 2 (sec h 2 x)
1 1 2 2
(xv) y tanh (2 x) csc h (2 x) y'
1 4x 2
2x 4x 2 1
5
Some Applications on Differentiation.
I – Logarithmic Differentiation:
ab
Remember that ln ln( a) ln(b) ln(c) ln( d )
cd
sin x tanh 4 x
2
[6] (a) y take ln(.) for both sides
( x 2 1) 2
ln y 2 ln(sin x ) 4 ln(tanh x ) 2 ln( x 2 1) Differentiate with respect to x
1 2 cos x 4 sech x 4x 2
2 cos x 4 sech 2 x 4x
y' 2 y' y . 2
y sin x tanh x x 1 sin x tanh x x 1
sin2 x tanh 4 x 2 cos x 4 sech 2 x 4x
y' . 2
( x 1)
2 2
sin x tanh x x 1
( x 1) 3 x 2
(b) y take ln(.) for both sides
4
x6
1 1
ln y 3 ln( x 1) ln( x 2) ln( x 6) Differentiate with respect to x
2 4
1 3 1 1 3 1 1
y' y ' y.
y x 1 2( x 2) 4( x 6) x 1 2( x 2) 4( x 6)
( x 1) 3 x 2 3 1 1
y' .
x6 x 1 2( x 2) 4( x 6)
4
1
1 1
(c) y x. sinh x. 1 e x. sinh x. 1 e
x x 2
take ln(.) for both sides
1 1
ln y ln x ln(sinh 1 x) ln(1 e x ) Differentiate with respect to x
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
y' 1
( e x ) y' y 1
( e x
)
y 2 x 2 sinh x 1 x 2 4(1 e x ) 2 x 2 sinh x 1 x 2 4(1 e )
x
1 1 1 1
y ' x. sinh 1 x. 1 e x 1
( e x
)
2 x 2 sinh x 1 x 2 4(1 e )
x
(d) y (sin x) x take ln(.) for both sides
ln y x ln(sin x) Differentiate with respect to x
1 x cos x x cos x
y ' ln(sin x) y ' y.ln(sin x)
y sin x sin x
x cos x
y ' (sin x) x .ln(sin x)
sin x
6
(e) y x ln x take ln(.) for both sides
ln y ln x. ln x (ln x) 2
Differentiate with respect to x
1 2 ln x 2 ln x ln x 2 ln x
y' y ' y x .
y x x x
(f) y (ln x)
cos x
take ln(.) for both sides
ln y cos x. ln(ln x) Differentiate with respect to x
1 cos x cos x
y ' sin x. ln(ln x) y ' y. sin x. ln(ln x)
y x ln x x ln x
cos x
y ' (ln x) cos x . sin x. ln(ln x)
x ln x
1
(g) y (sinh x) x take ln(.) for both sides
1
ln y (ln(sinh x)) Differentiate with respect to x
x
1 cosh x ln(sinh x) cosh x ln(sinh x)
y' y ' y.
y x sinh x x2 x sinh x x2
1
cosh x ln(sinh x)
y ' (sinh x) x . x sinh x
x2
(h) y (csc h 1 x) 2 (coth x) x
y' u'v'
1
u ' 2(csc h 1 x)
| x | 1 x2
v (coth x) x
take ln(.) for both sides
ln v x ln(coth x) Differentiate with respect to x
1 1 1 1 1
v' ln(coth x) x ( csc h 2 x) v' v ln(coth x) x ( csc h 2 x)
v 2 x coth x 2 x coth x
1 1
v' (coth x)
x
ln(coth x) x ( csc h 2 x)
2 x coth x
y ' u 'v' 2(csc h 1 x)
1 (coth x) x 1 ln(coth x) x 1 ( csc h 2 x)
| x | 1 x2
2 x coth x
7
II – Implicit Differentiation:
[7] (a) x
2
y 3xy 2 x 3 Differentiate with respect to x
2 xy x 2 y'3 y 2 3 x .( 2 y ) y'1 0
( x 2 6 xy ) y' ( 2 xy 3 y 2 1) 0
1 2 xy 3 y 2
y'
x 2 6 xy
(b) cos( xy ) y Differentiate with respect to x
sin( xy ).[ y xy ' ] y '
[ x sin( xy ) 1] y ' y sin( xy )
y sin( xy )
y'
x sin( xy ) 1
(c) sin( x 2 y 2 ) x Differentiate with respect to x
cos( x 2 y 2 ).[2 xy 2 2 x 2 yy ' ] 1
1 2 xy 2 cos( x 2 y 2 )
y'
2 x 2 y cos( x 2 y 2 )
xy 3
(d) 1 y4 xy 3 (1 y 4 ).(1 sec y) Differentiate with respect to x
1 sec y
y 3 3xy 2 y ' (4 y 3 y ' ).(1 sec( y )) (1 y 4 ).(sec( y ) tan( y ) y ' )
[3xy 2 4 y 3 (1 sec( y )) (1 y 4 )(sec( y ) tan( y ))]. y ' y 3
y3
y'
[3xy 2 4 y 3 (1 sec( y )) (1 y 4 )(sec( y ) tan( y ))]
(e) x 2 y 2 y ln x 10 Differentiate with respect to x
1 y
2 xy 2 x 2 (2 yy ' ) y' ln x y 0 (2 x 2 y ln x) y '2 xy 2 0
x x
y
2 xy 2
y' x 2
2 x y ln x
(f) tan( x ) y. sec( y ) 1 Differentiate with respect to x
1 1
sec 2 ( x ) y '.sec( y ) y sec( y ) tan( y ) y' 0
2 x 2 y
1
sec2 ( x )
2 x
y'
1
sec( y ) y sec( y ) tan( y )
2 y
…
8