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Also not allow to alter or remove the contents in whole or part, in any form.
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Year 9 Chemistry
PROTON NUMBER, NUCLEON NUMBER, Objective:
AND ISOTOPES  Understand what is proton number,
and nucleon number of atom
 Understand what are isotopes
Proton Number

Proton number is the number of protons in an atom of an element.

The table shows the proton number for each element:

Element Proton number Number of electron

Hydrogen 1 1
Oxygen 8 8
Magnesium 12 12

Atoms are neutral because an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.
So the proton number of one atom of an element is also the number of electrons for
the atom.

Nucleon Number

Nucleons refer to both protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Nucleon number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an

element.

The nucleon number of an atom is also called its mass number.

If we know the proton number and the nucleon number of an atom, we can work out its
numbers of proton and neutron in its nucleus.

Element Proton number Number of neutrons Nucleon number

Beryllium 4 5 4+5 = 9
Oxygen 8 8 8+8 = 16
Magnesium 12 12 12+12 = 24

Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons. The
different isotopes of an element have different nucleon numbers.

Element Proton number Number of neutrons Nucleon number

Carbon 6 6 12
Carbon 6 7 13
Carbon 6 8 14

Every carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 electrons. Most carbon atoms have 6
neutrons but some have 7 neutrons and some have 8 neutrons. So carbon has
three isotopes.
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Copyright © TeacherNotes4U.com. All rights reserved. Do not allow to reproduce, distribute, display or publish the contents of this topic. Also not allow to alter or remove the contents in whole or part, in any form.
© TeacherNotes4U.com 版权所有。未经 TeacherNotes4U 事先书面同意，任何人不得复制、发行、传播、展示、出版或广播该等内容。亦不得更改或删除该内容复制品中所包含的商标、版权或其他声明。
© ‫ح قوق ال ط بع وال ن شر‬TeacherNotes4U.com. ‫الحقوق محفوظة لك‬. ‫ال تسمح بإعادة إنتاج أو توزيع أو عرض أو نشر محتويات هذا الموضوع‬. ‫ال تسمح أيضًا بتغيير أو إزالة المحتويات كليًا أو جزئيًا بأي شكل‬.

Year 9 Chemistry

nucleus nucleus nucleus

Key: electron (negative) proton (positive) neutron (neutral)

Isotopes of carbon

Every hydrogen atom has 1 proton and 1 electron. But some don’t have any neutron,
others have either 1 neutron or 2 neutrons. So hydrogen has three isotopes.

electron

proton neutron

hydrogen-1 hydrogen-2 hydrogen-3

(1 proton) (1 proton and 1 neutron) (1 proton and 2 neutrons)
Isotopes of hydrogen

Every chlorine atom has 17 protons ad 17 electrons. About 75% of chlorine atoms
have 18 neutrons and 25% have 20 neutrons. So chlorine has two isotopes.

chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37

P - 17 P - 17
N - 18 N - 20

Isotopes of chlorine

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