Spelling Lists Class 3-5

P.E.A.K.
S
Preparatory Education of Arts,
Knowledge and Sciences
9 to 11
AGE GROUP
The Peaks school Spelling Bee Wordlist
A
abaca
9 to11
age
group
accessory
noun /Q»bk´/ noun /´k»ses´ri/

a banana like plant native to the Philippines and something that adds to or enhances an item
having broad leaves with long stalks I usually end up buying the latest accessory for my
Abaca prefers a warm climate with year-round rainfall. mobile phone.
absurd accident
adjective /´b»s3˘d/ noun /»QksIdńt/

ridiculous or foolish an unexpected happening, especially one causing
It is an absurd idea to have a bonfire in summer. damage
He had an accident on his way to work and broke his
abuse ankle.
noun /´»bju˘s/
acclaim
unfair, cruel or violent treatment of somebody
Child labour is an abuse of human rights. noun /´»kleIm/
praise
academic The winning team was greeted with much acclaim.
adjective /«Qk´»demIk/
accommodate
related to studying and learning
His academic work is excellent. verb /´»kÅm´deIt/
to provide somebody with a place to live, work, or
accelerate sleep overnight
This house cannot accommodate more than ten
verb /´k»sel´reIt/
people.
to speed up
She tried to accelerate, but the car stalled. accomplish
accept verb /´»k√mplIS/

to succeed in doing or completing something
verb /´k»sept/
There is no doubt that he will accomplish his goals in
to take a thing that is offered life.
He decided to accept the offer from the college.
account
access
verb /´»kaUnt/
noun /»Qkses/
to explain
a way to enter or reach something You have to account for the money you have spent.
The burglar tried to gain access through the back
door. accountant
accessible noun /´»kaUntńt/

a person who keeps financial records
adjective /´k»ses´bl/
The accountant has to make sure that all bills are
easy to approach; obtainable paid by the end of the month.
The student made good use of the accessible
information from the internet. accumulate
verb /´»kju˘mj´leIt/
to collect; build up
I tend to accumulate a lot of junk.
l1l
DAWN in Education Spelling Bee Wordlist
accusation acreage
9 to11
age group A
noun /«Qkju»zeISn/ noun /»eIk´rIdZ/
a statement that someone has done something wrong an area of land measured in acres
I don’t want to make an accusation until I have some We need to confirm the acreage of the farm before
proof. we consider buying it.
accustomed acrophobia
adjective /´»k√st´md/ noun /»Qkr´»fÚbi´/

used to, adapted to fear of heights
He took his accustomed seat by the fire. I cannot go skydiving because I suffer from
acrophobia.
achieve
actress
verb /´»tSi˘v/
to acquire a goal noun /»Qktr´s/
The movie star will achieve fame once the movie is a woman who acts in a play or film
released. Julia Roberts is a terrific actress and has won an
Oscar.
achievement
actually
noun /´»tSi˘vmńt/
success, accomplishment adverb /»QktSu´li/
It is quite an achievement to have completed this in reality
assignment in such a short time. Actually, we are only a week away from our mid-
terms.
acknowledge
adamant
verb /´k»nÅlIdZ/
to express recognition of adjective /»Qd´mńt/
I did not acknowledge that he had done anything firm and not giving way to requests
wrong. He was adamant that he would not join us.
acoustics adaptable
noun /´»ku˘stIks/ adjective /´»dQpt´bl/

the science of sound capable of adjusting
Carnegie Hall is popular with music lovers because of The company preferred hiring adaptable workers.
its good acoustics.
additive
acquaint
noun /»Qd´tIv/
verb /´»kweInt/ a substance added, especially to food or medicine
to learn about, to familiarise Food companies put more than one vitamin additive
I must acquaint myself with my new neighbourhood. in breakfast cereals.
acquaintance adequate
noun /´»kweIntńs/ adjective /»QdIkw´t/

a person whom one knows, but not well enough, sufficient
She is an acquaintance of mine from work. He earns an adequate income which is enough to
pay his bills.
l2l
A
adhere
9 to11
age group
advertisement
verb /´d»hI´[r]/ noun /´d»v3˘tIsmńt/

to hold; stick to a surface a notice of a product or service
That tape does not adhere to the wall. We place an advertisement about our products in the
newspaper every week.
adhesive
advisable
noun /´d»hi˘sIv/
a substance used to stick things together adjective /´d»vaIz´bl/
Glue is the perfect adhesive for my torn notebook. strongly suggested for good reasons, recommended
It is advisable that you do your homework on time.
adjacent
advisory
adjective /´»dZeIsnt/
next to, neighbouring adjective /´d»vaIz´ri/
The aeroplanes landed on the adjacent runways. giving advice
The advisory committee suggested evacuating the
adjustable area to avoid the hurricane.
adjective /´»dZ√st´bl/ aerial

capable of being changed
The new model of the car had adjustable seat belts. noun /»e´ri´l/
a wire or rod for receiving or transmitting signals
administration I have stopped listening to my radio since its aerial
snapped.
noun /´d«mInI»streISn/
control or management aerodrome
The directors are responsible for the administration of
a company. noun /»e´r´drÚm/
an airfield
admirable The newly built aerodrome is designed for big
aeroplanes.
adjective /»Qdm´r´bl/
worthy of approval or respect aerosol
Sarah received an award for her admirable
performance. noun /»e´r´sÅl/
a spray container holding pressurised liquid
advent He used an aerosol to paint the walls.
noun /»Qdvent/ afford

the arrival of an important new person or thing
The advent of technology has speeded up global verb /´»fç˘d/
communication. to have enough money to pay for something
I can afford to treat you to an ice cream.
adventurous
aggravate
adjective /´d»ventS´r´s/
inclined to undertake new and daring activities verb /»Qgr´veIt/
For a more adventurous holiday, try mountain to make a thing worse or more serious
climbing. His remarks really aggravate me.
l3l
aggressive allege
9 to11
age group A
adjective /´»gresIv/ verb /´»ledZ/
unfriendly; likely to attack people verbally or physically to say something without being able to prove it
His aggressive behaviour suggested that he had no To allege that Sam had cheated in his exam was
friends. unfair.
agony allegiance
noun /»Qgńi/ noun /´»li˘dZńs/

extreme physical or mental pain loyalty
The man broke his arm and was in agony. I owe my allegiance to my country.
agriculture allergic
noun /»QgrIk√ltS´[r]/ adjective /´»l3˘dZIk/

cultivating land on a large scale; farming very sensitive to something that may make you ill
Most of the land in this area is used for agriculture. The allergic children took their medicine.
airport alley
noun /»e´pç˘t/ noun /»Qli/

a place where planes land and take off and that has a narrow street
buildings for passengers to wait in This alley leads to my house.
I like to watch planes taking off from the airport.
alligator
aisle
noun /»QlIgeIt´[r]/
noun /aIl/ a large reptile of the crocodile family
a passage between rows of seats or shelves
I found cans of tuna in the last aisle. allocate
verb /Ql´keIt/
alchemy
to assign
noun /»Qlk´mi/ I will allocate the task of tidying the room to Akbar.
the medieval forerunner of chemistry
She found it difficult to find books on alchemy. alloy
noun /»QlçI/
alien
a metal formed by mixing two or more metals
noun /»eIliń/ Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
a foreigner
Zain is an alien in this country; he is visiting from almond
Malaysia. noun /»A˘mńd/
an oval nut
alkali
She peeled the almond and ate it with honey.
noun /»Qlk´laI/
a substance that neutralises an acid aloof
An alkali is a chemical often used in scientific adjective /´»lu˘f/
experiments. not involved in something; showing no interest in
people
The emperor kept himself aloof from the people.
l4l
A
aloud
9 to11
age group
ambidextrous
adverb /´»laUd/ adjective /«Qmbi»dekstr´s/

in a voice that can be heard able to use either your left hand or your right hand
The teacher asked him to read the passage aloud. equally well
The ambidextrous surgeon worked equally well with
alphabet both hands.
noun /»Qlf´bet/ ambiguous
the letters used in a language
There are twenty-six letters in the English alphabet. adjective /Qm»bIgju´s/
that can be understood in more than one way; having
altercation different meanings
The ambiguous account confused the judge.
noun /«ç˘lt´»keISn/
a noisy argument or disagreement ambition
I left my job after an altercation with my boss.
noun /Qm»bISn/
alternative a strong desire to achieve something
His ambition in life is to become an astronaut.
noun /ç˘l»t3˘n´tIv/
one of two or more choices ambivalent
Travelling by train is an alternative to using a car.
adjective /Qm»bIv´lńt/
altitude undecided
He has an ambivalent attitude towards her.
noun /QltItju˘d/
height ambulance
The summit of Mount Everest is at an altitude of
29,000 feet. noun /»Qmbj´lńs/
a vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people
altogether The little boy chased after the ambulance thinking it
was an ice-cream van.
adverb /«ç˘lt´»geD´[r]/
with all included; in total amendments
Altogether, a hundred competitors took part.
noun /´»mendmńts/
amalgamate a change or improvement to a law or document
She made a minor amendment to her essay.
verb /´»mQlg´meIt/
to mix or combine amnesia
They decided to amalgamate the two schools.
noun /Qm»ni˘zi´/
ambassador loss of memory
Grandma’s amnesia makes it difficult for her to
noun /Qm»bQs´d´[r]/ remember when we last visited.
a person sent to a foreign country to represent his or
her own government amphibian
His uncle is the ambassador to Brazil.
noun /Qm»fIbiń/
an animal that can live both in water and on land
The turtle is an amphibian.
l5l
amphitheatre animate
9 to11
age group A
noun /QmfITI´t´[r]/ verb /»QnImeIt/
a round, usually unroofed building with tiers of seats to make a thing lively
surrounding a central space The teacher can animate even the most boring
The school staged a play in the amphitheatre. literature and make it interesting.
amplify annihilate
verb /QmplIfaI/ verb /´»naI´leIt/

to make stronger to destroy something completely
He used a loudspeaker to amplify his voice. They set out to annihilate the enemy’s naval force.
amputate anniversary
verb /»QmpjuteIt/ noun /«QnI»v3˘s´ri /

to cut off surgically a date that is an exact number of years after the date
The doctor had to amputate the patient’s leg, of an important or special event
because it was too infected to cure. August 14 is the anniversary of Pakistan’s
Independence.
analogy
announcement
noun /´»nQl´dZi/
comparing two things that are alike noun /´»naUnsmńt/
Our teacher explained the heart, using the analogy of the act of making something publicly known
a pump. The principal made an announcement that the school
would remain closed the following day.
analyse
annoy
verb /»Qn´laIz/
to examine verb /´»nçI/
In history class, we had to analyse the causes of the to make slightly angry
war. My brother tried to annoy me by hiding my toys.
ancestor annual
noun /»Qnsest´[r]/ adjective /»Qnju´l/

anyone from whom a person is descended done once a year
He wondered if he had a famous ancestor. Our school has an annual Sports Day.
anchor anonymous
noun /»QNk´[r]/ adjective /´»nÅnIm´s/

a heavy object joined to a ship by a chain and without the name of the person responsible being
dropped to the bottom of the sea to stop the ship known
from moving He wished he could thank the anonymous donor for
Sailors dropped the ship’s anchor into the water. paying his school fees.
ancient antibiotic
adjective /»eInSńt/ noun /«QntibaI»ÅtIk/

very old a substance that destroys bacteria
We found some ancient dinosaur bones on our trip to The doctor prescribed an antibiotic for my wounded
the desert. knee.
l6l
A
anticipate
9 to11
age group
appalling
verb /Qn»tIsIpeIt/ adjective /´»pç˘lIN/

to expect something shocking; very unpleasant
They do not anticipate any major problems. They were faced with appalling working conditions.
anticipation apparition
noun /Qn«tIsI»peISn/ noun /«Qp´»rISn/

expectation a ghost
I am waiting in anticipation for your arrival. The children were scared by the apparition.
anticlimax appearance
noun /«Qnti»klaImQks/ noun /´»pI´rńs/

a disappointing ending where something exciting had what somebody looks like
been expected The clown’s appearance was very amusing.
The adventure story ended in an anticlimax.
appendix
antihistamine
noun /´»pendIks/
noun /«Qnti»hIst´mi˘n/ a small tube leading off from the intestine
a drug that protects people against unpleasant effects Maha had an operation to remove her appendix.
when they are allergic to something
The doctor prescribed an antihistamine to treat my appetite
hay fever.
noun /»QpItaIt/
antiseptic desire for food
Exercise gives you a good appetite.
noun /«Qnti»septIk/
a substance that kills harmful bacteria applause
She cleaned the wound with an antiseptic.
noun /´»plç˘z/
ape clapping
The actors were pleased with the applause at the end
noun /eIp/ of their show.
any of the four kinds of monkey (gorillas,
chimpanzees, orang-utans, gibbons) that do not have appoint
a tail
verb /´»pçInt/
aphid to choose a person for a job
The teacher wants to appoint a responsible student
noun /»eIfId/ as a prefect.
a small sap-sucking insect that is harmful to plants
appreciate
apostrophe
verb /´»pri˘SieIt/
noun /´»pÅstr´fi/ to enjoy or value something
the punctuation mark used to show that letters have I would appreciate some help with my homework.
been missed out
She wondered if it was appropriate to use an
apostrophe.
l7l
apprentice architect
9 to11
age group A
noun /´»prentIs/ noun /»A˘kItekt/
a person who is learning a skill a person who designs buildings
My son is an apprentice in a carpenter’s workshop. The Statue of Liberty was designed by a French
architect.
apprenticeship
argument
noun /´»prentISIp/
time spent as a novice learning a new skill noun /»A˘gjumńt/
During his apprenticeship he learnt how to carve a disagreement or quarrel
wood. It is best to avoid an argument and get on peacefully.
appropriate aroma
adjective /´»prÚpri´t/ noun /´»rÚm´/

suitable a pleasant smell
Is now an appropriate time to make a speech? The aroma of coffee filled the air.
approve array
verb /´»pru˘v/ noun /´»reI/

to say that a person or thing is good a display
I do not approve of her rude behaviour. There was a colourful array of fruit at the
supermarket.
apron
artichoke
noun /»eIprń/
a piece of clothing worn over the front of the body, noun /»A˘tItSÚk/
especially to protect other clothes a round vegetable with a lot of thick, green leaves
Mum refuses to cook without her apron. Mrs. Riaz steamed the artichoke and served it with
dinner.
aptitude
articulate
noun /»QptItju˘d/
a talent adjective /A˘»tIkjuleIt/
Akbar has an aptitude for mathematics. able to express things clearly
He was an articulate speaker and gave a wonderful
aquatic speech.
adjective /´»kwQtIk/ asp

to do with water
Swimming is an aquatic sport. noun /Qsp/
a small viper
archaeology Queen Cleopatra was bitten by an asp.
noun /«A˘ki»Ål´dZi/ assassinate

the study of the remains of ancient civilizations
Sara wants to study archaeology. verb /´»sQsIneIt/
to kill an important person
The police discovered a plot to assassinate the king.
l8l
A
assault
9 to11
age group
asthma
noun /´»sç˘lt/ noun /»Qsm´/

a violent attack a disease that makes breathing difficult
The soldier led an assault against the enemy. My friend suffers from asthma.
assess astonish
verb /´»ses/ verb /´»stÅnIS/

to decide the value or quality of a person or thing to surprise somebody greatly
Can you assess the value of this jewel? Your excellent grades will astonish your parents.
assignment astrogate
noun /´»saInmńt/ verb /Qstr´get/

a task given to someone to navigate in space
I have finished my homework assignment. The entire space crew was trained to astrogate.
assimilate astronaut
verb /´»sIm´leIt/ noun /»Qstrńç˘t/

to take in and absorb something a person who travels in a spacecraft
She thinks she can assimilate knowledge without Neil Armstrong was the first astronaut to walk on the
having to work.. moon.
assist asylum
verb /´»sIst/ noun /´»saIl´m/

to help refuge and safety; a place of refuge
My friend offered to assist me with my school project. The defeated rebels sought political asylum in
another country.
associate
attic
noun /´»sÚSi´t/
a colleague noun /»QtIk/
Ali is my associate from work. a room in the roof of a house
I have left my disused bicycle up in the attic.
assortment
attractive
noun /´»sç˘tmńt/
a mixed collection of things adjective /´»trQktIv/
This box contains an assortment of sweets. pleasant or good looking
He has an attractive face.
assurance
audition
noun /´»SU´rńs/
a promise or guarantee that something is true or will noun /ç˘»dISn/
happen a test to see if an actor is suitable for a job
A promise from the doctor that he would check in on The actor went to an audition for the new film.
her was all the assurance she needed.
l9l
authentic
9 to11
age group A
adjective /ç˘»TentIk/
genuine
This is an authentic Picasso painting and not a fake.
authenticate
verb /ç˘»TentIkeIt/
to establish the truth
The expert was asked to authenticate whether the
painting was a genuine antique.
author
noun /»ç˘T´[r]/
the writer of a book, play, poem, etc.
Shakespeare is a famous English author.
authoritative
adjective /ç˘»TÅr´t´tIv/
having proper authority or expert knowledge
The professor is an authoritative figure in his field.
authority
noun /ç˘»TÅr´ti/
the power to give orders to other people
A policeman has the authority to arrest a criminal.
autograph
noun /»ç˘t´gra˘f/
a person’s signature
I asked my favourite actor for his autograph.
autumn
noun /»ç˘t´m/
the season between summer and winter
Most trees shed their leaves in autumn.
avoid
verb /´»vçId/
to try not to do something
The name was changed to avoid confusion with
another firm.
l 10 l
B
babble
9 to11
age group
ballet
verb /»bQbl/ noun /»bQleI/

to talk very quickly without making sense a type of dancing with formal movements, usually to
He is likely to babble on without making any sense. classical music
The dancers in the ballet were very precise in their
bachelor movements.
noun /»bQtS´l´[r]/
balsa
a man who has not married
He was considered the most eligible bachelor in town. noun /»bÅls´/
a soft and lightweight wood
badge Balsa is a good substitute for cork.
noun /bQdZ/
barbecue
a button or sign that you wear to show people who
you are or what school or club etc. you belong to verb /»ba˘bIkju˘/
I pinned my school badge on my coat. to cook meat and other food on a metal grill over an
open fire, usually outside
baggy We are going to barbecue some chicken tonight.
adjective /»bQgi/
bargain
(of clothes) large and loose
It is the fashion these days to wear baggy trousers. noun /»ba˘gIn/
something that you buy cheaply
balance This book is a bargain at half price.
noun /»bQlńs/
barite
a steady position
She lost her balance and fell down. noun /»bar√It/
a yellow, white or colourless crystalline mineral
balcony Barite is used in the manufacture of paints.
noun /»bQlkńi/
barley
a platform that sticks out from an outside wall of a
building noun /»ba˘lI/
The wet clothes were hung on the balcony to dry. a cereal plant
Cereal made from barley is healthy to eat.
bald
barnacle
adjective /bç˘ld/
without hair on top of the head noun /»ba˘n´kl/
The bald man wore a wig. a small shellfish that clings to rocks
ballerina barracks
noun /«bQl´»ri˘n´/ noun /»bQr´ks/

a female ballet dancer a large building or group of buildings for soldiers to
The way the ballerina balanced herself on tiptoe live in
seemed humanly impossible. The army barracks housed many soldiers.
l 11 l
barrister beggar
9 to11
age group B
noun /»bQrIst´[r]/ noun /»beg´[r]/
a lawyer a person who asks for alms
The barrister won his case in court. She stopped to give the beggar some money.
baryon beguile
noun /»barIÅn/ verb /bI»gaIl/

any elementary particle which can be transformed to cheat, to charm
into a nucleon and lighter particles She will beguile the audience with her performance.
The value and content of a baryon determines its
classification. behave
verb /bI»heIv/
basil
to act in a particular way
noun /»bazIl/ They promised to behave well.
an aromatic plant originally from India
Basil is commonly used in pasta dishes. beige
adjective /beIZ/
battalion
a very light brown colour
noun /b´»tQlIń/ Beige is an earthy tone.
an army unit containing two or more units
It took days for the whole battalion to move from one belated
front to another. adjective /bI»leItId/
coming very late or too late
battle
She gave me my belated birthday present.
noun /»bQtl/
a fight between two armies believable
The two armies fought a fierce battle. adjective /bI»li˘v´bl/
capable of being thought true
battlements
She told a very believable story about what she had
noun /»bQtlmńts/ been doing that night.
the top of a castle wall, often with gaps from which
the defenders could fire at the enemy believe
The soldiers fired at the enemy from behind the verb /bI»li˘v/
battlements. to think that something is true or that someone is
telling the truth
bedraggled I do not believe that you are telling the truth.
adjective /bI»drQgld/
bench
very untidy; wet and dirty
He combed his bedraggled hair. noun /bentS/
a long seat
bee I sat on a bench in the park.
noun /bi˘/
a black and yellow flying insect that can sting
The bee stung me.
l 12 l
B
beneath
9 to11
age group
beverage
preposition /bI»ni˘T/ noun /»bev´rIdZ/

below any kind of drink
He sat beneath the tree. I would like to drink a hot beverage.
beneficial bewilderment
adjective /«benI»fISl/ noun /bI»wIld´rmńt/

having a good effect the feeling of complete confusion
Using computers has a beneficial effect on children’s The news left me in a state of utter bewilderment.
learning.
biased
beneficiary
adjective /»baI´st/
noun /«benI»fIS´ri/ favouring one side unfairly
a person who receives benefits The biased umpire made sure the other team won the
He was the beneficiary of a scholarship fund. match.
bequeath bibliography
verb /bI»kwi˘D/ noun /«bIbli»Ågr´fi/

to leave something to a person, especially in a will a list of books about a subject
Ayesha decided to bequeath her house to her The teacher gave us a bibliography for our history
children. project.
beside bicentenary
preposition /bI»saId/ noun /«baIsen»ti˘n´ri/

by the side of a 200th anniversary
She sat down beside her friend. Our college is celebrating its bicentenary this year.
besiege biceps
verb /bI»si˘dZ/ noun /»baIseps/

to surround from all sides the large muscle at the front of the arm above the
The army was preparing to besiege the fortress. elbow
The wrestler had strong biceps because he spent his
besotted time lifting weights.
adjective /bI»sÅtId/ bilateral
too fond of something
We are all besotted with the pretty film actress. adjective /«baI»lQt´r´l/
of or on two sides, between two people or groups
bestow India and Pakistan signed a bilateral agreement to
work on a solution for Kashmir.
verb /bI»stÚ/
to give something to someone, especially to show bilingual
how much they are respected
I would like to bestow this medal on you. adjective /«baI»lINgw´l/
able to speak two languages
Being bilingual, Ali works as an interpreter.
l 13 l
billboard bizarre
9 to11
age group B
noun /»bIlbç˘d/ adjective /bI»zA˘[r]/
a large outdoor board for advertisements strange in appearance
The billboard advertised a toothpaste. People were surprised by the bizarre outfit he was
wearing.
billion
blackguard
noun /»bIljń/
one thousand million noun /»blQgA˘d/
The population of the world is more than six billion. a wicked person
The blackguard gave an evil laugh.
binoculars
blacksmith
noun /bI»nÅkj´l´z/
a device with lenses for both eyes, making distant noun /»blQksmIT/
objects seem nearer a person who makes and repairs iron things
Ali used his binoculars to see the distant mountains. The blacksmith melts iron in a very hot fire.
biodegradable blade
adjective /«baIÚdI»greId´bl/ noun /bleId/

able to be decomposed by bacteria the flat cutting part of a knife
This biodegradable packaging was recycled. This knife has a sharp blade.
birdseed bland
noun /»b3˘dsi˘d/ adjective /blQnd/

a blend of seeds for feeding birds having a mild or smooth flavour or texture
I bought birdseed for my pet parrot. The food has a bland taste.
biscuit blandishment
noun /»bIskIt/ noun /»blQndISmńt/

a kind of small, thin, dry cake flattery intended to persuade
I would like a biscuit with my tea. The teacher would not respond to our blandishment
and refused to cancel the test.
bisect
blanket
verb /baI»sekt/
to divide something into two equal parts noun /»blQNkIt/
Mehr learnt how to bisect a line in geometry class. a warm cloth covering used on a bed; a thick, soft
covering
bison It got so cold at night that a blanket was needed for
warmth.
noun /»baIsn/
a wild ox blazer
bitter noun /»bleIz´[r]/

a kind of jacket
adjective /»bIt´[r]/ The school blazer was navy blue.
tasting sharp, not sweet
This almond has a bitter taste.
l 14 l
B
bleak
9 to11
age group
boomerang
adjective /bli˘k/ noun /»bu˘m´rQN/

bare and cold; dreary or miserable a curved piece of wood that can be thrown so that it
The war has made Afghanistan a very bleak place. returns to the thrower
It is fun to play with a boomerang.
bleed
bore
verb /bli˘d/
to lose blood noun /bç˘[r]/
His finger began to bleed when he cut it. something or someone that you do not find interesting
It’s such a bore having to stay late this evening.
blizzard
botany
noun /»blIz´d/
a severe snowstorm noun /»bÅtńi/
It is impossible to go outdoors in this blizzard. the study of plants
The university offers a three-year course in botany.
blossom
boulder
verb /»blÅs´m/
develop into something noun /»bÚld´[r]/
Flowers blossom in spring. a very large, smooth stone
The boulder is too heavy too move.
boa
boulevard
noun /»bÚ´/
a large snake that kills its prey by crushing it in its noun /»bu˘l´vA˘d/
coils a broad tree-lined road
I am driving down the boulevard.
boar
boundary
noun /bç˘[r]/
a wild pig noun /»baUndri/
a line that marks a limit
boast The boundary between the neighbour’s lawn and ours
is the white picket fence.
verb /bÚst/
to speak with great pride and try to impress people boutique
It is rude to boast.
noun /bu˘»ti˘k/
bobsleigh a small shop selling fashionable clothes
Mehr bought a dress from the boutique.
noun /»bÅbsleI/
a racing sledge bracelet
Tim cleaned his bobsleigh.
noun /»breIsl´t/
bonfire an ornament worn round the wrist
I have a bracelet made of blue beads.
noun /»bÅnfaI´[r]/
an outdoor fire to burn rubbish or celebrate
something
The family gathered around the bonfire to toast
marshmallows.
l 15 l
brainwash brittle
9 to11
age group B
verb /»breInwÅS/ adjective /»brItl/
to force a person to give up one set of ideas or hard but easy to break or snap
beliefs and accept new ones I like these brittle breadsticks.
Too much advertising on television can brainwash
people. broccoli
noun /»brÅk´li/
brawl
a kind of cauliflower with greenish flower heads
noun /brç˘l/ She made a stew of broccoli and carrots.
a noisy quarrel or fight
The bully got his nose broken in a brawl. brochure
noun /»brÚS´[r]/
breeze
a booklet containing information
noun /bri˘z/ The travel brochure contains information about
a light wind holidays in Muree.
The breeze was blowing the leaves around.
bronze
bridesmaid
noun /brÅnz/
noun /»braIdzmeId/ a metal made from copper and tin
a girl who attends the bride at a wedding Most ancient civilisations used bronze for making
The bridesmaid carried flowers for the bride. utensils.
bridge brought
noun /brIdZ/ verb /brç˘t/

a structure built over and across a river past tense of bring
The only way to cross the river is to use the bridge. The criminal was brought before the judge for his trial.
briefcase brow
noun /»bri˘fkeIs/ noun /braU/

a flat case for carrying documents etc. the forehead
It’s the third time this week that father has left his The nervous prisoner kept wiping his brow.
briefcase at work.
bruise
brighten
noun /bru˘z/
verb /»braItn/ a dark mark made on the skin after someone has
to make or become brighter fallen or been hit
You brighten my day every time you come to visit. He fell and got a bruise on his arm.
brilliant brunette
adjective /»brIlIńt/ noun /bru˘»net/

very clever a woman with dark-brown hair
The boy who won the scholarship is a brilliant His daughter is a brunette.
student.
l 16 l
B
Buddhism
9 to11
age group
bungalow
proper noun /»bUdIz´m/ noun /»b√Ng´lÚ/

a faith that follows the teachings of the Indian a house built all on one level, without stairs
philosopher Gautama Buddha Akbar lives in a bungalow.
People who follow Buddhism do not eat meat.
bungle
Buddhist
verb /»b√Ngl/
proper noun /»bUdIst/ to make a mess of doing something
a person who follows the teachings of Buddha The banker was caught trying to bungle the funds.
A Buddhist prays in a temple.
buoy
budgerigar
noun /bçI/
noun /»b√dZ´rigA˘[r]/ a floating object anchored to mark a channel or
a small, brightly-coloured Australian bird underwater rocks
The buoy will warn ships away from the dangerous
budget rocks.
noun /»b√dZIt/ bureau
a plan for spending money wisely
In my budget, I have set aside some money to buy noun /»bju´rÚ/
books. a writing desk with drawers
She organised her files and put them in the bureau.
buffet
burial
noun /»bUfeI/
a meal where guests serve themselves noun /»beri´l/
The buffet offered plenty of choice to the diners. putting into the ground
His widow cried at his burial.
building
burst
noun /»bIldIN/
a structure such as a house or school that has a roof verb /b3˘st/
and walls to break or force apart; come or start suddenly
The tallest building in the world is in Malaysia. As he braked, the tyre burst.
bulletin businessman
noun /»bUl´tIn/ noun /»bIzn´smQn/

a public statement giving news a person who trades in goods or services
I heard about the tsunami in Thailand in a news The businessman was happy to sell his goods.
bulletin.
busy
bullock
adjective /»bIzi/
noun /»bUl´k/ having much to do; occupied
a young bull The busy boy could not make it to the party.
bumblebee butterfly
noun /»b√mblbi˘/ noun /»b√t´flaI/

a large bee that makes a loud, humming noise an insect with large white or coloured wings
l 17 l
byroad
9 to11
age group B
noun /»baIrÚd/
a minor road
The village was linked to the town by a narrow
byroad.
l 18 l
C
cabbage
9 to11
age group
calf
noun /»kQbIdZ/ noun /kA˘f/

a vegetable with green or purple leaves part of the leg below the knee
She liked to eat raw cabbage in her salad. I injured my calf playing football.
cabinet calligraphy
noun /»kQbIn´t/ noun /k´»lIgr´fi/

a cupboard with drawers or shelves the art of beautiful handwriting
He stored his files in the cabinet. You need a special pen for calligraphy.
cactus calliper
noun /»kQkt´s/ noun /»kalIp´/

a plant, usually with prickles, from a hot, dry climate a large instrument used for measuring the diameters
The thorny cactus pricked my finger. of logs and similar objects
Calliper is adjustable and can be reset to measure
calcite different dimensions.
noun /»kals√It/
calm
a common crystalline form of natural calcium
carbonate adjective /kA˘m/
Calcite may be found in sedimentary rocks. quiet and still
The calm sea was perfect for sailing and swimming.
calcium
calomel
noun /»kQlsi´m/
a mineral found in foods like milk and cheese noun /»kal´mEl/
Calcium is an important part of a child’s diet. a colorless, white or brown tasteless compound
Calomel is used in the preparation of insecticides
calculate and medicines.
verb /»kQlkjuleIt/
camcorder
to work something out by using mathematics
Mehr tried to calculate how much money she needed noun /»kQmkç˘d´[r]/
to buy seven chocolate bars. a combined video camera and sound recorder
The tourist went around town filming with his
camcorder.
calculator
camel
noun /»kQlkjuleIt´[r]/
a small electronic device that is used for making noun /»kQml/
calculations an animal with either one or two humps on its back,
Students were not allowed to use a calculator for their used in desert countries
mathematics examination.
camera
caldera
noun /»kQm´r´/
noun /kÅl»dE˘r´/ a device for taking photographs, films, or television
the large crater at the top of the volcano pictures
A caldera can be upto 60 km in diameter. I used my camera to take a photograph of my friends.
l 19 l
camouflage canvas
9 to11
age group C
noun /»kQm´flA˘Z/ noun /»kQnv´s/
a way of hiding things by making them look like part strong coarse cloth; a fabric for painting on
of their surroundings There is nothing on the canvas now but wait till I fetch
The soldiers dressed in camouflage to hide my paintbrush.
themselves from the enemy.
capacity
campaign
noun /k´»pQs´ti/
noun /kQm»peIn/ the amount that something can hold
a planned series of actions The capacity of this bus is 50 passengers.
The advertising campaign used posters and leaflets.
capsule
camphor
noun /»kQpsju˘l/
noun /»kamf´/ a hollow pill containing medicine
a white substance with a strong smell, used in The doctor prescribed his patient one capsule a day.
medicine
I put sachets of camphor in my wardrobe to keep the captain
insects away
noun /»kQptIn/
cancel a person in command of a ship, aircraft, sports team,
etc.
verb /»kQnsl/ The captain of the cricket team led his team to
to say that something planned will not be done or will victory.
not take place
She had to cancel her appointment with the dentist. captivity
noun /kQp»tIv´ti/
cancellation
the state of being imprisoned
noun /«kQns´»leISn/ The lion was released from captivity into the wild.
the act of stopping something that was planned
The last minute cancellation of the concert left the capture
audience disappointed. verb /»kQptS´[r]/
to take someone as a prisoner
candle
The police will capture the escaped convict.
noun /»kQndl/
a wax light caravan
She lit a candle in the dark. noun /»kQr´vQn/
a group of people travelling together across desert
canoe country
noun /k´»nu˘/ The caravan stopped at the oasis to drink water.
a narrow lightweight boat
The river was so violent that the canoe flipped upside carbohydrates
down. noun /«kA˘bÚ»haIdreIt/
a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Cereals contain carbohydrates that give us energy.
l 20 l
C
carbon
9 to11
age group
cartridge
noun /»kA˘bń/ noun /»kA˘trIdZ/

a non-metallic element occurring in many inorganic a case containing the explosive for a bullet or shell
and in all organic compounds The soldier lost his cartridge when he dropped his
Carbon is present in all living substances. gun.
carcinogen cassette
noun /kA˘»sIn´dZń/ noun /k´»set/

any substance that causes cancer a small, sealed case containing recording tape or film
The nicotine in cigarettes is a carcinogen. This cassette contains all my favourite songs.
cardigan castle
noun /»kA˘dIgń/ noun /»kA˘sl/

a knitted jacket a large, old, fortified building
I have a blue cardigan to wear in winter. The king lived in a castle.
career casual
noun /k´»rI´[r]/ adjective /»kQZu´l/

the series of jobs that a person has in a particular not showing much care or thought
area of work It was just a casual remark.
He is retiring this year after a long career.
casualty
caricature
noun /»kQZu´lti/
noun /»kQrIk´tSU´[r]/ a person who is killed or injured in war or in an
an amusing picture of someone accident
Everyone laughed at the artist’s caricature of Akbar. A casualty of the train wreck was rushed to hospital.
carnivorous catapult
adjective /kA˘»nIv´r´s/ noun /»kQt´p√lt/

meat-eating a stick with a rubber band attached to it, used for
Lions are carnivorous animals. shooting stones
The pigeons on the balcony have been in danger ever
carriage since Farooq got a catapult.
noun /»kQrIdZ/ catastrophe
a passenger vehicle pulled by horses
We decided to travel to the village in a carriage. noun /k´»tQstr´fi/
a sudden, great disaster
cartoonist The tsunami was a catastrophe for Thailand.
noun /kA˘»tu˘nIst/ caterpillar

a person who draws cartoons
The cartoonist drew an amusing picture. noun /»kQt´pIl´[r]/
the creeping, worm-like creature that will turn into a
butterfly or moth
Caterpillars feed on the leaves of plants.
l 21 l
cathedral ceiling
9 to11
age group C
noun /k´»Ti˘dr´l/ noun /»si˘lIN/
the most important church of a city the flat surface forming the top of a room
St. Paul’s Cathedral is a famous landmark in London. The fan has to be fitted to the ceiling.
cauldron celebration
noun /»kç˘ldrń/ noun /«selI»breISn/

a large deep pot for boiling things in a happy event to mark a special occasion
The wicked witch made rabbit stew in her big black Her birthday celebration will be next week.
cauldron.
cellar
cause
noun /»sel´[r]/
noun /kç˘z/ an underground room
a reason The pipes are in the cellar.
There is no cause for worry.
cellulose
cautionary
noun /»seljul´Vs/
adjective /»kç˘Sn´ri/ tissue that forms the main part of all plants and trees
giving a warning Cellulose cannot be digested by human beings.
The alarm sounded a cautionary signal.
census
cautious
noun /»sens´s/
adjective /»kç˘S´s/ an official count or survey of the population of a
showing attention to safety country or area
He is a cautious driver. A census of the city’s population was conducted by
the new mayor.
cavalry
centimetre
noun /»kQvlri/
soldiers who fight on horseback or in armoured noun /»sentImi˘t´[r]/
vehicles one hundredth of a metre, about four tenths of an
The cavalry moved faster than the soldiers on foot. inch
The nail was no more than a centimetre long.
cavity
centipede
noun /»kQv´ti/
a hollow or hole noun /»sentIpi˘d/
I spotted a cavity in one of my teeth. a small, crawling creature with a long body and many
legs
cease A centipede was coming out of a stone wall.
verb /si˘s/ centre
to stop or end
When the teacher entered the class we had to cease noun /»sent´[r]/
talking. the middle point or part
The centre of the Earth is very hot.
l 22 l
C
cereal
9 to11
age group
chaos
noun /»sI´ri´l/ noun /»keIÅs/
corn or other edible grain; a breakfast food made from great disorder
them The flood caused chaos in the city.
Ali enjoys his cereal with chocolate milk every
morning. character
noun /»kQr´kt´[r]/
certainty
a person in a story, film or play
noun /»s3˘tnti/ He plays a minor character in the film.
something that is sure to happen
Pakistan’s victory in the hockey match is a certainty. characteristic
certificate noun /«kQr´kt´»rIstIk/

a quality that forms part of the character
noun /s´»tIfIk´t/ Use of poetic language is a characteristic of his work.
an official written or printed statement giving
information about a person etc. charade
The employment office asked for his birth certificate.
noun /S´»rA˘d/
chamber a situation in which people pretend that something is
true when it is clearly not
noun /»tSeImb´[r]/ Her whole act of being sick was a charade.
a room
Behind the mirror was a secret chamber where the charitable
wizard lived.
adjective /»tSQr´t´bl/
chameleon generous in giving to those in need
The charitable organisation distributed clothes to the
noun /k´»mi˘liń/ needy.
a small lizard that can change its colour to that of its
surroundings chatter
champion verb /»tSQt´[r]/

keep on talking; the quick rattling of teeth from cold
noun /»tSQmpiń/ Amna and her friends love to chatter.
a person or thing that has defeated all the others in a
sport or competition cheese
Mohammad Ali was a boxing champion for many
years. noun /tSi˘z/
a solid food made from milk
changeable She does not eat cheese because she is allergic to
dairy products.
adjective /»tSeIndZ´bl/
likely to change chemistry
Karachi has changeable weather.
noun /»kemIstri/
channel the study of substances and their reactions etc.
Chemistry is an interesting subject.
noun /»tSQnl/
a stretch of water connecting two seas
The English Channel connects the North Sea to the
Atlantic Ocean.
l 23 l
cherry choose
9 to11
age group C
noun /»tSeri/ verb /tSu˘z/
a small, soft, round fruit with shiny black or red skin to decide what you are going to take from among a
and a large seed number of options
The juice was made from orange and cherry. He decided to choose the school closest to his
house.
chew
chronicle
verb /tSu˘/
to grind food between one’s teeth noun /»krÅnIkl/
The dried meat was very difficult to chew. a record of events in the order that they happened
The soldier’s chronicle of the war was useful to
chicken historians.
noun /»tSIkIn/ chronology
a young hen
The chicken tastes pretty good. noun /kr´»nÅl´dZi/
the arrangement of events in the order in which they
chimney happened
The historian prepared a chronology of the Mughal
noun /»tSImni/ Empire.
a tall pipe that carries smoke away from a fire
The chimney was black with soot.
chrysalis
chisel
noun /»krIs´lIs/
noun /»tSIzl/ the case around a caterpillar that is changing into a
a tool with a sharp end for shaping wood, stones etc. butterfly or moth
The sculptor used his chisel with great skill. The butterfly emerged from its chrysalis.
chivalrous chrysanthemum
adjective /»SIvlr´s/ noun /krI»sQnT´m´m/
being considerate a garden flower that blooms in autumn
It is chivalrous behaviour to hold the door open for Chrysanthemum is known to be the queen of flowers.
your elders.
cigarette
chocolate
noun /«sIg´»ret/
noun /»tSÅkl´t/ a small roll of shredded tobacco in thin paper for
a solid, brown food made from roasted cocoa seeds smoking
I enjoy eating chocolate. Even a single cigarette can harm your health.
choir circuit
noun /»kwaI´[r]/ noun /»s3˘kIt /
a group of people trained to sing together a motor racing track; the path of an electric current
The choir always sings on Sunday. Michael Schumacher was the fastest driver in the last
part of the circuit.
l 24 l
C
circulation
9 to11
age group
coast
noun /«s3˘kj´»leISn/ noun /kÚst/

the movement of blood around the body the seashore or the land close to it
Exercise improves the circulation of blood around the The Gulpers live in a cottage on the coast.
body.
cobra
civilian
noun /»k´Vbr´/
noun /s´»vIliń/ a poisonous snake that can spread the skin at the
a person who is not serving in the armed forces back of its neck to make itself look bigger
A military uniform may not be worn by a civilian.
cobweb
clairvoyant
noun /»kÅbweb/
noun /kle´»vçIńt/ the thin sticky net made by a spider to trap insects
a person who is said to be able to predict future There was a cobweb on the ceiling.
events
The clairvoyant predicted a storm for the next day. cockatoo
noun /«kÅk´»tu˘/
clamp
a crested parrot
verb /klQmp/
to fix something firmly cockerel
The carpenter had to clamp the piece of wood to
noun /»kÅk´r´l/
keep it from moving.
a young male chicken
clasp
cockroach
verb /klA˘sp/
to grasp or hold tightly noun /»kÅkr´VtS/
The man had to clasp the old lady’s hand when a beetle like insect
crossing the road.
coffee
clay noun /»kÅfi/
noun /kleI/ a hot drink made from the roasted ground seeds of a
a kind of stiff sticky earth that becomes hard when tropical plant
baked She drank hot coffee for breakfast.
The vase on the table is made of clay.
coincidence
cloak noun /kÚ»InsIdńs/
noun /klÚk/ the happening of similar events at the same time by
a sleeveless garment that hangs loosely from the chance
shoulders By coincidence I saw him on the same bus.
The vampire hid behind his cloak to block out the
light. collar
noun /»kÅl´[r]/
clover
an upright or turned-over band round the neck of a
noun /»klÚv´[r]/ garment
a small plant usually with three leaves on each stalk The collar of his shirt was dirty.
A four leaf clover is said to bring you luck.
l 25 l
column commentary
9 to11
age group C
noun /»kÅl´m/ noun /»kÅmńtri/
a pillar; something long or tall and narrow a description of an event by someone who is
The column started to crumble. watching it, especially for radio or television
He listened to the cricket commentary on the radio.
columnist
committee
noun /»kÅl´mnIst/
a person who writes regularly for a newspaper noun /k´»mIti/
The columnist wrote about the festival in his column. a group of people appointed to deal with something
The committee decided to install new lights at the
combustible playground.
adjective /k´m»b√st´bl/
communication
capable of burning
Paper is a combustible item. noun /k´«mju˘nI»keISn/
act of sharing or exchanging information
comedian E-mail has made communication between friends
easier.
noun /k´»mi˘diń/
someone who entertains people by making them community
laugh
The comedian made the audience laugh. noun /k´»mju˘n´ti/
a group with similar interests or origins
comfortable Miklos is part of New York’s Hungarian community.
adjective /»k√mft´bl/
companionship
making someone physically relaxed
The hotel is a comfortable establishment. noun /k´m»pQnińSIp/
the company of others
comma He missed the companionship of his friends once
they left town.
noun /»kÅm´/
a punctuation mark used to mark a pause in a compassionate
sentence or to separate items in a list
He forgot to put the comma in the sentence. adjective /k´m»pQSń´t/
feeling or showing sympathy for people suffering
commemorate He was a visionary with a compassionate heart.
verb /k´»mem´reIt/
compensation
to celebrate or remember some past event or person
This monument was built to commemorate the war noun /«kÅmpen»seISn/
hero. something, such as money, given or received as
payment for a service or loss
commence The heirs of the deceased officials were given money
as compensation.
verb /k´»mens/
to begin competent
The ceremony will commence in ten minutes.
adjective /»kÅmpItńt/
having enough skill or knowledge to do something
well or to the necessary standard
He is a very competent worker.
l 26 l
C
complaint
9 to11
age group
concession
noun /k´m»pleInt/ noun /kń»seSn/

a statement complaining about something a reduction in the price for a certain category of
The police received a complaint about a disturbance person
in the apartment building. She has a fare concession on the train now that she
is over 60.
complexion
condense
noun /k´m»plekSn/
the natural colour and appearance of the skin of the verb /kń»dens/
face to change from gas to liquid
The baby had a healthy pink complexion. Steam will condense to water when it comes into
contact with a cold surface.
complication
cone
noun /«kÅmplI»keISn/
noun /kÚn/
something that complicates things or adds difficulties
There was a complication with the operation so the an object that is circular at one end and narrows to a
surgeon had to do it again. point at the other
I asked the shopkeeper for ice cream in a cone.
comprehension
confederation
noun /«kÅmprI»henSn/
noun /kń«fed´»reISn/
understanding
The teacher will test your comprehension of the book. a group of states joined together
America is a confederation of 51 states.
compromise
confetti
verb /»kÅmpr´maIz/
noun /kń»feti/
to settle a dispute by each side accepting less than it
asked for tiny pieces of coloured paper thrown by guests on
The two governments had to compromise in order to festive occasions
reach a solution to the problem. The guests at the wedding threw confetti at the bride
and groom.
conceal
confidence
verb /kń»si˘l/
noun /»kÅnfIdńs/
hide; keep something secret
We have put up curtains to conceal things from the firm trust; a feeling of certainty or boldness; being
neighbours. sure that you can do something
The lack of confidence made him stammer.
conceited
confidential
adjective /kń»si˘tId/
adjective /«kÅnfI»denSl/
having too much self pride
The conceited girl believed she should have received secret, not told or shared with anyone
the prize. He leaked the confidential information.
concept congregate
noun /»kÅnsept/ verb /»kÅNgrIgeIt/

an idea to assemble
The designer came up with quite an interesting concept. The students were asked to congregate on the
playing field.
l 27 l
conquer contentment
9 to11
age group C
verb /»kÅNk´[r]/ noun /kń»tentmńt/
to defeat or overcome satisfaction
The king sent his army to conquer new land. His peaceful surroundings led to a feeling of
contentment.
conscience
continue
noun /»kÅnSńs/
the part of your mind that tells you whether your verb /kń»tInju˘/
actions are right or wrong to begin again after stopping
My conscience does not allow me to tell a lie. The game will continue after lunch.
consecutive contract
adjective /kń»sekj´tIv/ noun /»kÅntrQkt/

following one after another a formal agreement to do something
Inzamam struck boundaries on consecutive He has signed a contract to begin working at the
deliveries. factory.
consequence contradict
noun /»kÅnsIkwńs´s/ verb /«kÅntr´»dIkt/

the result of something that has happened to say that something that someone else has said is
His careless driving lead to a tragic consequence. wrong, and that the opposite is true
The two stories contradict each other.
considerable
contradiction
adjective /kń»sId´r´bl/
notably large noun /«kÅntr´»dIkSn/
He used his considerable wealth to help the poor. lack of agreement between facts
There is contradiction between the two sets of
consistent graphs.
adjective /kń»sIstńt/ contribute

keeping to a regular pattern or style; not changing
Consistent results were achieved by Ali. verb /kń»trIbju˘t/
to give towards something
contemptible Our class was asked to contribute articles for the
school magazine.
adjective /kń»tempt´bl/
not deserving any respect at all convenient
Hurting her feelings like that was a contemptible thing
to do. adjective /kń»vi˘nińt/
easy to use
contemptuous E-mail is a convenient way to keep in touch with
friends.
adjective /kń»temptSu´s/
feeling or showing no respect convince
She gave me a contemptuous look.
verb /kń»vIns/
to make someone agree
I will try to convince her to join us for a walk.
l 28 l
C
correspondence
9 to11
age group
courageous
noun /«kÅr´»spÅndńs/ adjective /k´»reIdZ´s/

letters a person sends and receives brave
They maintained their friendship through regular He took a courageous stand.
correspondence.
courtier
corridor
noun /»kç˘ti´[r]/
noun /»kÅrIdç˘[r]/ one of a king’s or queen’s companions at court
a passage in a building The courtier bowed before the king.
He was caught smoking in the corridor.
crab
cosmetic
noun /krQb/
noun /kÅz»metIk/ a shellfish with ten legs, the first two being a set of
a substance put on the skin to make it look more pincers
attractive
Lipstick is a cosmetic. crescent
noun /»kresnt/
costume
a narrow, curved shape coming to a point at each
noun /»kÅstju˘m/ end
clothes, especially for a particular purpose There is a crescent and star on the flag of Pakistan.
Ali wore a Superman costume to the party.
crew
cosy
noun /kru˘/
adjective /»kÚzi/ the people working in a ship or aircraft; a group
warm and comfortable working together
She was sitting in a cosy little room. The crew on board the space shuttle was ready to
blast off.
cottage
criticism
noun /»kÅtIdZ/
a small, simple house noun /»krItIsIz´m/
The old abandoned cottage was the only refuge the judgement of someone’s work or ideas
hikers could find from the rain. His new novel has received a great deal of negative
criticism.
counterfeit
crockery
adjective /»kaUnt´fIt/
fake noun /»krÅk´ri/
He had a counterfeit dollar bill in his pocket. household china
His mother used her best crockery for Akbar’s
courage birthday.
noun /»k√rIdZ/
crocodile
the ability to face danger, difficulty or pain even when
you are afraid noun /»krÅk´daIl/
It requires a lot of courage to step inside a lion’s a large tropical reptile with thick skin, a long tail and
cage. huge jaws
l 29 l
croon curiosity
9 to11
age group C
verb /kru˘n/ noun /«kjU´ri»Ås´ti/
to sing softly and gently having a desire to know about something
The audience will croon along when Michael Buble The letter was not addressed to me but I opened it
will sing in his concert. out of curiosity.
crow curtain
noun /krÚ/ noun /»k3˘tn/

a large black bird a piece of material hung at a window or door
I pulled back the curtain to let some light in.
crucial
cylinder
adjective /»kru˘Sl/
most important noun /»sIlInd´[r]/
The crucial task for the company is to gain consumer an object with straight sides and circular ends
confidence. A CNG kit with 55 kg of cylinder is available in the
market.
crystal
noun /»krIstl/
a transparent colourless mineral rather like glass
Mother likes to decorate the house with vases made
of crystal.
cucumber
noun /»kju˘k√mb´[r]/
a long, green-skinned vegetable eaten raw or pickled
The price of cucumber shot up after the floods.
cultivate
verb /»k√ltIveIt/
to use land to grow crops
The farmer will cultivate this field.
culture
noun /»k√ltS´[r]/
customs and traditions
Pakistan has a rich culture.
curfew
noun /»k3˘Sju˘/
a time or signal after which people must remain
indoors until the next day
The hostel imposes a curfew after dark.
l 30 l
D
dab
9 to11
age group
dawn
verb /dQb/ noun /dç˘n/

to touch something quickly and gently the time when the sun rises
Please dab the spilt coffee with the cloth. I don’t think I’ll be able to go jogging at dawn
tomorrow.
dacite
debt
noun /»deIs√It/
a light gray volcanic rock noun /det/
The name dacite comes from Dacia, a province of the something that is owed
Roman Empire where the rock was first described. His debt amounts to Rs. 100.
dagger decade
noun /»dQg´[r]/ noun /»dekeId/

a pointed knife with two sharp edges a period of ten years
The sultan wore his dagger in the front of his belt. It’s been a decade since I last heard from him.
daily decaffeinated
adjective /»deIli/ adjective /«di˘»kQfIneItId/

every day (of coffee or tea) with the caffeine removed
His daily walk keeps him fit. Decaffeinated coffee is available in the supermarket.
damage deceive
noun /»dQmIdZ/ verb /dI»si˘v/

harm or injury done to something to mislead
The allegations are likely to damage his political It is wrong to deceive your parents.
career.
decide
dance
verb /dI»saId/
verb /dA˘ns/ to make a choice
to move in rhythmical steps, usually with music I cannot decide which flavour of ice cream I want to
When they heard the music, they started to dance. eat.
dasheen decision
noun /da»Si˘n/ noun /dI»sIZn/

a plant grown for its edible underground stems making up one’s mind
Dasheen should not be cooked too long as it will I have made a decision to study hard for my exams.
become mushy.
declare
datolite
verb /dI»kle´/
noun /dQtlIt/ to say something clearly or firmly
a mineral with crystals that are colorless or white with She was asked to declare her nationality.
a greenish tinge
Specimens of datolite are largely found in Germany,
Norway, and Italy.
l 31 l
decomposition dehydrate
9 to11
age group D
noun /«di˘kÅmp´»zISn/ verb /di˘»haIdreIt/
the act of decaying to remove all the moisture from something
The decomposition of organic waste is brought about People in Hunza dehydrate apricots to preserve them
by bacteria. for winter.
decrease deliberate
verb /dI»kri˘s/ adjective /dI»lIb´r´t/

to become or make become smaller in size, number, done on purpose
etc. She made a deliberate attempt to hurt me.
People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
delicacy
deficiency
noun /»delIk´si/
noun /dI»fISnsi/ a delicious and rare food
a lack or shortage Caviar is considered a delicacy in most countries.
The little boy has calcium deficiency because he
never finishes his milk. delicate
adjective /»delIk´t/
definite
easily damaged
adjective /»defIn´t/ She wore a dress of delicate lace.
clearly stated; exact
He has a very definite taste in clothes. delicious
adjective /dI»lIS´s/
definition
tasting or smelling very pleasant
noun /«defI»nISn/ The delicious apple pie was made by my mother.
a statement of what a word means
You can use a dictionary to look up the definition of a deliver
word. verb /dI»lIv´[r]/
to take letters or goods etc. to someone’s house or
deflect
place of work
verb /dI»flekt/ The postman will deliver a letter to your house.
to make something turn aside
NASA tried to deflect the meteor away from the delve
Earth. verb /delv/
to search
deforestation
He began to delve into the book for quotations to use
noun /«di˘«fÅrI»steISn/ in his speech.
the cutting down of trees or forests over a large area
Deforestation is bad for the environment. demolish
verb /dI»mÅlIS/
degree to knock down
noun /dI»gri˘/ We will need to demolish the old house before
building a new one.
a unit for measuring temperature
The temperature is one degree hotter today.
l 32 l
D
demonstrate
9 to11
age group
despair
verb /»demństreit/ noun /dI»spe´[r]/

to show something a feeling of hopelessness
The teacher will demonstrate the correct way to use a He gave up the struggle in despair.
compass.
desperately
demoralise
adverb /»desp´r´tli/
verb /dI»mÅr´laIz/ without hope
to dishearten someone She looked desperately around for water.
A defeat in the cricket match will demoralise the
spectators. dessert
noun /dI»z3˘t/
denim
fruit or sweet food served as the last course of a meal
noun /»denIm/ I am sure I could stay for dessert.
a kind of strong, usually blue, cotton cloth used to
make jeans etc. detection
This jacket is made from denim.
noun /dI»tekSn/
dense discovery
The hard work of the police led to the detection of the
adjective /dens/ criminal.
thick; packed close together
Indonesia has very dense rainforests. detective
noun /dI»tektIv/
dentist
a person who investigates crimes
noun /»dentIst/ The detective on the case was very smart.
a person who is trained to treat teeth
The dentist had to extract my tooth. determined
adjective /dI»t3˘mInd/
depth
with one’s mind firmly made up
noun /depT/ The determined student finally succeeded in his
how deep something is attempt.
The depth of the ocean cannot always be measured.
deuce
descend
noun /dju˘s/
verb /dI»send/ a score in tennis where both sides have 40 points
to go down and must gain two consecutive points to win
We have to descend the hill to reach the valley. In the tennis match, Nasir held his opponent at deuce
several times.
deserve
devastation
verb /dI»z3˘v/
to have a right to something noun /«dev´»steISn/
You deserve a prize for your performance. destruction or damage
The flood caused wide spread devastation.
l 33 l
development diameter
9 to11
age group D
noun /dI»vel´pmńt/ noun /daI»QmIt´[r]/
process of becoming bigger, stronger, better, etc. a line drawn straight across a circle or sphere and
The development of the computer industry is passing through its centre
progressing at a very fast pace. The diameter of a circle is used to calculate its
circumference.
devote
diamond
verb /dI»v´Vt/
to give completely noun /»daI´mńd/
I devote an hour every day to reading. a very hard, precious stone, that looks like clear glass
The Kohinoor diamond sits in the Tower of London.
devotee
diaper
noun /«dev´»ti˘/
an enthusiast noun /»daI´p´[r]/
Sara is a devotee of the opera and does not miss a a baby’s nappy
single performance. Little Idrees uses up a diaper every few hours.
devour diesel
verb /dI»vaU´[r]/ noun /»di˘zl/

to eat or swallow something hungrily or greedily fuel that works by burning oil in compressed air
They saw the lion devour the zebra. This car runs on diesel.
diagnose diet
verb /»daI´gn´Vz/ noun /»daI´t/

to find out what disease a person has or what is the sort of food usually eaten by a person or animal
wrong The doctor told me to watch my diet and exercise
The doctor found it difficult to diagnose the patient’s more often.
illness.
differentiate
diagonal
verb /«dIf´»renSieIt/
adjective /daI»Qgńl/ to distinguish; recognise differences
at an angle It is hard to differentiate between these two types of
The teacher asked us to draw a diagonal line. seeds.
diagram diffuse
noun /»daI´grQm/ verb /dI»fju˘z/

a drawing or picture that shows the parts of to spread widely
something or how it works We became aware of the leaking gas when it began
We tried following the diagram but my airplane model to diffuse through the whole house.
just was not taking shape.
digest
dialogue
verb /daI»dZest/
noun /»daI´lÅg/ to break down food in the stomach so that the body
a conversation can absorb it
The play contained a long dialogue between the two Let your food digest before you go swimming.
main characters.
l 34 l
D
dinner
9 to11
age group
discipline
noun /»dIn´[r]/ noun /»dIs´plIn/

the main meal of the day, usually in the evening obedient behaviour
I was so sleepy that I skipped dinner and went to bed. The school enforces strict discipline.
dinosaur discourage
noun /»daIn´sç˘[r]/ verb /dIs»k√rIdZ/

a prehistoric lizard like animal, often of enormous size to try to dissuade someone from doing something
I will discourage him from smoking.
disadvantage
discriminate
noun /«dIs´d»vA˘ntIdZ/
something that is unhelpful verb /dI»skrImIneIt/
A lack of education is a disadvantage in life. to treat people differently or unfairly, e.g. because of
their race or religion
disagreement It is wrong to discriminate against people of another
race.
noun /«dIs´»gri˘mńt/
a difference of opinion discrimination
Mandy resigned from her job after a disagreement
with her boss. noun /dI«skrImI»neISn/
treating people or things according to differences
disappearance The management was accused of discrimination
towards the female work force.
noun /«dIs´»pI´rńs/
removal from sight disembarkation
News of the little boy’s disappearance is all over the
papers. noun /«dIs«embA˘»keISn/
putting or going ashore
disappoint The passengers picked up their suitcases, ready for
disembarkation.
verb /«dIs´»pçInt/
to fail to do what someone hopes for disgraceful
He studies hard because he does not want to
disappoint his parents. adjective /dIs»greIsfl/
shameful
disapprove Her disgraceful behaviour was frowned upon.
verb /«dIs´»pru˘v/ disguise

to not approve of something
I disapprove of your choice of clothes. verb /dIs»gaIz/
to make a person or thing look different in order to
disastrous deceive people
The thief tried to disguise himself in order to escape
adjective /dI»zA˘str´s/ from the police.
very bad
The motorist avoided a disastrous accident. disinfectant
noun /«dIsIn»fektńt/
a cleaning substance that prevents infection
spreading
The medical team quickly ran out of disinfectant.
l 35 l
dislodge dodo
9 to11
age group D
verb /dIs»lÅdZ/ noun /»d´Vd´V/
to move or force something from its place a large, flightless bird that is now extinct
It was impossible to dislodge the heavy rock.
dolphin
dismissal
noun /»dÅlfIn/
noun /dIs»mIsl/ a sea animal like a small whale with a beaklike snout
sending away
The bad behaviour of the student led to his dismissal dominate
from class.
verb /»dÅmIneIt/
disposable to control by being stronger or more powerful
The bully tried to dominate his classmates.
adjective /dI»spÚz´bl/
made to be thrown away after it has been used donkey
I hope all these disposable products are recycled.
noun /»dÅNki/
disregard an animal that looks like a small horse with long ears
verb /«dIsrI»gA˘d/ double

to pay no attention to
adjective /»d√bl/
She chose to disregard my advice.
twice as much; twice as many
distinguish I paid double price to get a better seat on the bus.
verb /dI»stINgwIS/ dozen

to make or notice differences between things
noun /»d√zn/
Colour-blind people are unable to distinguish between
red and green. a set of twelve
Every week, the magazine publishes a dozen very
distinguishable interesting puzzles.
adjective /dI»stINgwIS´bl/ dragon

possible to recognise as different from somebody or
noun /»drQgń/
something
The identical twins had no distinguishable features. a mythological monster, usually with wings and able
to breathe out fire
distribution
dramatise
noun /«dIstrI»bju˘Sn/
the act of sharing out verb /»drQm´taIz/
Mehr was responsible for the distribution of food to to express in a dramatic way
the refugees. He tends to dramatise his problems.
document draughts
noun /»dÅkjumńt/ noun /drA˘fts/

a written paper giving information about something a game played with 24 round pieces on a chessboard
This document needs to be typed. They played a game of draughts.
l 36 l
The th
D
drowsy
9 to11
age group
adjective /»draUzi/
sleepy
The drowsy traveller slept on the train.
duck
noun /d√k/
a swimming bird with a flat beak
duel
noun /»dju˘´l/
a fight between two people, especially with pistols or
swords
You could go to jail for fighting a duel these days.
duplicate
noun /dju˘plIk´t/
an exact copy
Ali kept a duplicate of the document.
dynamite
noun /»daIn´maIt/
a powerful explosive
The building was demolished with the help of
dynamite.
l 37 l
eager eccentric
9 to11
age group E
adjective /»i˘g´[r]/ adjective /Ik»sentrIk/
strongly wanting to do something behaving strangely
The children were eager to go to the cinema. The eccentric behaviour of the old man surprised
people.
eagle
echo
noun /»i˘gl/
a large bird of prey with a sharp, curved beak and noun /»ek´V/
very strong sight a sound that is heard again as it is reflected off
something
earache She heard an echo of her voice in the valley.
noun /»I´reIk/ eclipse
a pain in the ear
She had severe earache and had to be taken to the noun /I»klIps/
hospital. the blocking of the Sun’s or moon’s light when the
moon or the Earth is in the way
earn A lunar eclipse is a rare event.
verb /3˘n/ ecliptic

get something by working or in return for what you
have done noun /I»klIptIk/
It is harder to earn than to borrow. the apparent path of the Sun across the sky over the
course of a year
earring In spring, the ecliptic in the northern hemisphere is
angled high in the evening sky.
noun /»I´rIN/
an ornament for the ear eclogite
She lost an earring at the party.
noun /»EklÅdZ√It/
earthquake a coarse-grained greenish rock
Eclogite is a rare rock formed under conditions of
noun /»3˘TkweIk/ high pressure.
a violent movement on some parts of the Earth’s
surface ecology
The earthquake caused widespread damage.
noun /i»kÅl´dZi/
the study of living things in relation to each other and
earthworm
their surroundings
noun /»3˘Tw3˘m/ Ecology teaches you about nature.
a long, thin worm that lives in the soil
economic
eavesdrop
adjective /«i˘k´»nÅmIk/
verb /»i˘vzdrÅp/ to do with the economy; profitable
to listen secretly to a private conversation The country’s economic condition is improving.
The little boy tried to eavesdrop on his friends’
conversation. economical
adjective /«i˘k´»nÅmIkl/
using as little as possible
The hikers made economical use of their limited
water supply.
l 38 l
The th
E
edible
9 to11
age group
eliminate
adjective /»ed´bl/ verb /I»lImIneIt/

suitable for eating to get rid of, remove
They were separating edible berries from the She used a spray to eliminate the cockroaches in her
poisonous ones. kitchen.
editor elliptical
noun /»edIt´[r]/ adjective /I»lIptIkl/

the person in charge of a newspaper oval-shaped
The editor hired a journalist for his newspaper. The Earth follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun.
education embroidery
noun /«edZu»keISn/ noun /Im»brçId´ri/

the process of training people’s minds and abilities so the art of needlework
that they acquire knowledge and develop skills She is good at embroidery.
Nothing is more important than a good education.
emend
efficient
verb /i»mend/
adjective /I»fISnt/ to remove errors from a piece of writing
doing work well The editor’s job is to emend newspaper articles.
She is an efficient worker.
emerald
eject
noun /»em´r´ld/
verb /i»dZekt/ a bright-green, precious stone
send something out forcefully This emerald was mined in Columbia.
We will eject any trouble makers from the meeting.
emergency
elastic
noun /i»m3˘dZńsi/
noun /I»lQstIk/ a sudden, serious happening needing prompt action
cord or material woven with strands of rubber so that It is important to stay calm in an emergency.
it can stretch
These trousers have a length of elastic sewn into emigrate
their waistbands.
verb /»emIgreIt/
electricity to leave your own country and go and live in another
He is going to emigrate to Canada.
noun /I«lek»trIs´ti/
a form of energy carried by certain particles of matter, emperor
used for lighting, heating and other work
noun /»emp´r´[r]/
The electricity had been cut off.
a man who rules an empire
elephant The emperor ruled his empire wisely.
noun /»elIfńt/ employment

a very large animal with a trunk and tusks
noun /Im»plçImńt/
a person’s regular trade or profession
He found employment as a gardener.
l 39 l
empty enormous
9 to11
age group E
adjective /»empti/ adjective /I»nç˘m´s/
with nothing in it very big
Before you knew it, the empty cookie jar was refilled. The elephant is an enormous animal.
enchanting enquire
adjective /In»tSA˘ntIN/ verb /In»kwaI´[r]/

charming ask for information
She has an enchanting personality. He walked up to the post office to enquire how long
they were open.
enemy
enrol
noun /»en´mi/
one who hates or seeks to harm another verb /In»rÚl/
The soldier could see an enemy approaching. to join
He decided to enrol in a cricket club.
energetic
entertainment
adjective /«en´»dZetIk/
full of energy noun /«ent´»teInmńt/
The energetic child refused to sit down. something performed before an audience to amuse or
interest them
engagement The singer provided us with entertainment.
noun /In»geIdZmńt/ enthusiasm

an appointment or commitment
Their engagement was announced in the local paper. noun /In»Tju˘ziQz´m/
a strong liking, interest or excitement
enjoyable Akbar has a great enthusiasm for playing cricket.
adjective /In»dZçI´bl/ entire

pleasant
The summer fair is always an enjoyable occasion. adjective /In»taI´[r]/
whole or complete
enlighten He ate the entire cake.
verb /In»laItn/ entrance

to instruct or inform
Let me enlighten you about the latest advances in noun /»entrńs/
science. the way into a place
We could not find the entrance so we went in through
enlightened the back.
adjective /In»laItnd/ envelope

having an understanding of people’s needs and
situation noun /»env´lÚp/
The enlightened couple kept themselves informed of a wrapper or covering, especially a folded cover for a
the latest news. letter
The envelope was addressed to his father.
l 40 l
The th
E
environment
9 to11
age group
essay
noun /In»vaIrńmńt/ noun /»eseI/

surroundings a short piece of writing about a subject
An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s She wrote an essay about her summer vacation.
behaviour.
essence
episode
noun /»esns/
noun /»epIsÚd/ a concentrated liquid
one event in a series of happenings We forgot to add vanilla essence to the cake
Their fight was quite a sordid episode. batter.
equilibrium essential
noun /«i˘kwI»lIbri´m/ adjective /I»senSl/

a state of balance not able to be done without
The see-saw is in equilibrium when it is horizontal. Milk is an essential part of a child’s diet.
erase esteem
verb /I»reIz/ noun /I»sti˘m/

rub something out respect and admiration
It is better to make mistakes in pencil because you I hold my elders in high esteem.
can erase them.
estimate
eruption
verb /»estImeIt/
noun /I»r√pSn/ to make a guess about an amount or value
bursting out I estimate that it will take me one hour to write this
A major volcanic eruption can cause severe essay.
devastation.
ethnic
escalate
adjective /»eTnIk/
verb /»esk´leIt/ belonging to a particular racial group within a larger
to make or become greater, more serious or more set of people
intense Aborigines form an ethnic community in Australia.
We should not allow minor disagreements between
countries to escalate into war. etiquette
noun /»etIket/
escape
the rules of correct behaviour
verb /I»skeIp/ Proper etiquette requires you to write thank-you notes
to get yourself free for gifts.
The prisoner tried to escape from prison.
European
espresso
adjective /«jU´r´»pi˘ń/
noun /e»spresÚ/ to do with Europe or its people
coffee made by forcing steam through ground coffee The European currency is called the Euro.
beans
He ordered an espresso at the restaurant.
l 41 l
evacuate excavate
9 to11
age group E
verb /I»vQkjueIt/ verb /»eksk´veIt/
to move people away from a dangerous place to dig out
Firemen had to evacuate people from the burning The archaeologist wanted to excavate the remains of
building. the Indus Valley Civilisation.
evacuees exceed
noun /I«vQkju»i˘s/ verb /Ik»si˘d/

people who have been evacuated to be more or greater than
The evacuees were moved uphill after the flood had Drivers should not exceed the speed limit.
destroyed their houses.
excellence
evaluate
noun /»eks´lńs/
verb /I»vQljueIt/ extremely good quality
to estimate the worth of something He was awarded a medal for his excellence in sports.
The report card will evaluate your performance in
school. excellent
adjective /»eks´lńt/
evaporate
extremely good
verb /I»vQp´reIt/ She bakes an excellent cake.
to change from liquid into steam or vapour
Heat causes water to evaporate. exceptional
adjective /Ik»sepSńl/
eventual
outstandingly good
adjective /I»ventSu´l/ The actor was praised for his exceptional
happening at last performance in the film.
His eventual success is guaranteed due to his hard
work. excessively
adverb /Ik»sesIvli/
evidence
more than necessary
noun /»evIdńs/ The private sector has been borrowing excessively
anything that gives people reason to believe from the banking system.
something
The police found evidence to prove the man guilty of excitement
robbery. noun /Ik»saItmńt/
a strong feeling of eagerness or pleasure
exaggeration The news caused great excitement among her
noun /Ig«zQdZ´»reISn/ friends.
the act of describing something as bigger,
better or worse than it really is exclaim
His story was obviously an exaggeration of the truth. verb /Ik»skleIm/
shout out in surprise
examination The children began to exclaim in surprise at the sight
noun /Ig«zQmI»neISn/ of the clown.
a test, assessment
Mehr scored high marks in her science examination.
l 42 l
The th
E
excruciating
9 to11
age group
expert
adjective /Ik»skru˘SieItIN/ noun /»eksp3˘t/

very painful a person with great knowledge or skill in something
Maha has an excruciating headache. He is a karate expert.
exercise exploit
noun /»eks´saIz/ verb /Ik»splçIt/

using your body to make it strong and healthy to use a person or thing selfishly
You must exercise to keep well. It is wrong to exploit people.
exhale explosion
verb /eks»heIl/ noun /Ik»splÚZn/

breathe out the exploding of a bomb etc.
He coughs every time he tries to exhale. There was a loud explosion in the neighbour’s
kitchen.
exhaustive
express
adjective /Ig»zç˘stIv/
thorough verb /Ik»spres/
We made an exhaustive search. to make known
He tried to express his anger.
expand
extraordinary
verb /Ik»spQnd/
to make larger adjective /Ik»strç˘dnri/
Akbar has decided to expand his business. very unusual or strange
This ice cream has an extraordinary taste.
expectation
extraterrestrial
noun /«ekspek»teISn/
something expected or hoped for adjective /«ekstr´t´»restri´l/
It is my expectation that I will do well in my exams. from outer space
Scientists have been searching for extraterrestrial life.
expenditure
extravagant
noun /Ik»spendItS´[r]/
the spending of money adjective /Ik»strQv´gńt/
Building a house involves considerable expenditure. spending a lot more money than necessary
Every month, she spends an extravagant amount of
experience money on clothes.
noun /Ik»spI´rińs/ eyebrow

something that has happened to you
My camping trip was an enjoyable experience. noun /»aIbraU/
the fringe of hair growing on the face above the eye
experiment The gentleman had something on his eyebrow.
noun /Ik»sperImńt/ eyewitness

a test made in order to find out what happens
noun /»aIwItn´s/
The students conducted an experiment during
science class. a person who actually saw an occurrence
She was an eyewitness to the car accident.
l 43 l
fable fairy
9 to11
age group F
noun /»feIbl/ noun /»fe´ri/
a short story that teaches one a moral an imaginary creature with magic powers
Mehr enjoyed reading the fable about the princess. Mehr enjoyed the story about a kind fairy.
fabulous faithfully
adjective /fQbj´l´s/ adverb /»feITf´li/

wonderful loyally
The actress gave a fabulous performance in the play. Akbar served his employer faithfully.
facies false
noun /»feISIi˘z/ adjective /fç˘ls/

the characteristics of a rock untrue or incorrect
The term facies was introduced by a Swiss geologist She gave false information to the insurance company.
in 1838.
familiarity
facility
noun /f´,mIli»Qr´ti/
noun /f´»sIl´ti/ state of knowing something well
something providing the means to do things The guide’s familiarity with the area was an
Iran’s nuclear facility is under media scrutiny. advantage to the tourists.
factory family
noun /»fQktri/ noun /»fQm´li/

a large building where machines are used to make parents and their children
things His family lives out of town.
His best friend works at the car factory.
famine
faculty
noun /»fQmIn/
noun /»fQklti/ a very bad shortage of food in an area
a department teaching a particular subject in a The charity distributed food in the area affected by a
university famine.
The faculty of music arranged a concert last week.
famished
fade
adjective /»fQmISt/
verb /feId/ very hungry
to disappear gradually The hikers were famished after their long walk.
Washing the dress will make the ink stain fade.
famous
faint
adjective /»feIm´s/
verb /feInt/ known to very many people
become unconscious The famous actor signed autographs for his fans.
She thought she would faint when she saw the
mouse.
l 44 l
The th
F
fanatic
9 to11
age group
fault
noun /f´»nQtIk/ noun /fç˘lt/

a person who is very enthusiastic about something anything that makes a person or thing imperfect
The cricket fanatic attended every single match of the It was his fault that we were late.
series.
favourable
fancy
adjective /»feIv´r´bl/
adjective /»fQnsi/ showing approval
not plain; decorated There were many favourable reviews of the new book.
She wore fancy clothes to the party.
favouritism
fantasy
noun /»feIv´rItIz´m/
noun /»fQnt´si/ the practice of giving special treatment to a person or
imagined happening group
In his fantasy, he saw himself winning the race. The umpire was accused of favouritism.
farewell fearsome
noun /«fe´»wel/ adjective /»fI´s´m/

goodbye frightening
I felt sad bidding farewell to my friends. They have a fearsome new headmaster.
farther feast
adverb /»fA˘D´[r]/ noun /fi˘st/

more distant a large, splendid meal
He lives farther from the school, than I do. The king prepared a feast for his guests.
fascination feather
noun /«fQsI»neISn/ noun /»feD´[r]/

attraction or interest one of the very light coverings that grow from a bird’s
Stamp collecting holds a peculiar fascination for some skin
people. He wore a feather in his cap.
fashionable feature
adjective /»fQSn´bl/ noun /»fi˘tS´[r]/

in keeping with the current style an important part
She was wearing a fashionable black hat. The most important feature of a camera is its lens.
fatigue federal
noun /f´»ti˘g/ adjective /»fed´r´l/

tiredness to do with a system in which several states are ruled
Rest will help relieve your fatigue. by a central government but are responsible for their
own internal affairs
The federal government decided to abolish child
labour.
l 45 l
federation ferrite
9 to11
age group F
noun /«fed´»reISn/ noun /»fEr√It/
the union of several provinces, states, to form a a chemical containing iron
federal union Ferrite is used to make the filaments in electric bulbs.
The United States of America is a federation of
states. fertilisation
noun /»f3˘t´laIzeISn/
fellow
the act of adding substances to the soil to make it
noun /»felÚ/ more fertile
a man or boy The fertilisation of the field improved the wheat crop.
The old fellow crossed the street.
festival
feminine
noun /»festIvl/
adjective /»femńIn/ a time when people arrange special celebrations
to do with or like women Vesak is a Buddhist festival of lights.
She wears the most feminine clothes.
fete
fence
noun /feIt/
noun /fens/ an outdoor entertainment with stalls and sideshows
a barrier made of wood or wire around an area There will be a magic show at the fete.
A wooden fence surrounded the farm house.
fever
fennel
noun /»fi˘v´[r]/
noun /»fEn´l/ an abnormally high body temperature, usually with an
an aromatic herb of the parsley family illness
Sprigs of fennel are used to garnish food. The girl was suffering from a high fever.
ferment feverish
verb /f´»ment/ adjective /»fi˘v´rIS/

to bubble and change chemically by the action of a having an abnormally high body temperature
substance such as yeast The feverish boy slept all morning.
Yeast will ferment if you add sugar and liquid to it.
fiction
fermium
noun /»fIkSn/
noun /»f´˘mI´m/ writings about events that have not really happened
a very rare radioactive metal Akbar enjoyed reading fiction.
“Fermium is an artifically produced chemical element.”
fiddle
ferocious
verb /»fIdl/
adjective /f´»rÚS´s/ fidget or play around with something
fierce or savage Do not fiddle with your shoes.
I have a ferocious dog.
l 46 l
The th
F
fidgeting
9 to11
age group
flattering
verb /»fIdZItIN/ adjective /»flQt´rIN/

make small restless movements make a person or thing seem better than they really
He kept fidgeting throughout the lecture. are
It was not a very flattering photograph.
fierce
flaunt
adjective /fI´s/
angry and violent or cruel verb /flç˘nt/
There was a fierce battle between the two armies. to show off
He likes to flaunt his expensive cars.
figure
flavour
noun /»fIg´[r]/
the shape of a person’s body noun /»fleIv´[r]/
Too much cake will spoil your figure. the taste of something
Too much salt will spoil the flavour of the food.
finalist
flea
noun /»faIn´lIst/
a competitor in a final noun /fli˘/
He is a finalist here for the second year running. a small jumping insect that sucks blood
finance flexible
noun /»faInQns/ adjective /»fleks´bl/

the use or management of money easy to bend or stretch
It is important for a businessman to be trained in Gymnasts have flexible bodies.
finance.
flicker
fishmonger
verb /»flIk´[r]/
noun /»fISm√Ng´[r]/ to burn or shine unsteadily
a shopkeeper who sells fish The candle will flicker in the breeze.
That fishmonger sells the finest fish.
floodlight
fizzy
noun /»fl√dlaIt/
adjective /»fIzi/ a lamp that makes a broad bright beam to light up a
having a lot of small bubbles stage or stadium
I do not like fizzy drinks. They had to cancel the match due to problems with
the floodlight system.
flask
flounder
noun /flA˘sk/
a bottle with a narrow neck verb /»flaUnd´[r]/
The flask contained coffee. to move clumsily or with difficulty
He had to flounder through the deep water.
l 47 l
flour forbidden
9 to11
age group F
noun /»flaU´[r]/ adjective /f´»bIdn/
a fine powder of wheat or other grain, used in cooking not allowed
She made the bread with flour and eggs. Hansel and Gretel ate the forbidden chocolate.
flourish forceful
verb /»fl√rIS/ adjective /»fç˘sfl/

to grow or develop strongly strong and vigorous
Plants flourish if they are watered regularly. He made a grand and forceful speech.
fluctuation forecast
noun /»fl√ktSu»eISn/ noun /»fç˘kA˘st/

constant change a prediction
The cake was spoilt because of the fluctuation in the The weather forecast said it would be sunny today.
temperature of the oven.
foreground
fluent
noun /»fç˘graUnd/
adjective /»flu˘ńt/ the front part of a scene or view
able to speak easily and well Several cows could be seen in the foreground of the
Mehr speaks fluent Sindhi. painting of the farm.
fluid forehand
adjective /»flu˘Id/ noun /»fç˘hQnd/

able to flow freely a stroke made in tennis
Oil is a fluid substance. The tennis player knew that his opponent’s forehand
stroke was weak.
fluke
foreign
noun /flu˘k/
an accidental stroke of luck adjective /»fÅrń/
The team is determined to show that its last win was belonging to another country
no fluke. The foreign delegates enjoyed their stay in Pakistan.
foam foreseeable
noun /fÚm/ adjective /fç˘»si˘´bl/

a white mass of tiny bubbles on a liquid; froth able to be known beforehand
I do not like cappuccino with foam on top. I will not be visiting Lahore in the foreseeable future.
foil forgiveness
noun /fçIl/ noun /f´»gIvn´s/

a very thin sheet of metal pardon
Mum spread foil on top of her baking pan. The convict begged for forgiveness, but to no avail.
l 48 l
The th
F
formidable
9 to11
age group
fowl
adjective /»fç˘mId´bl/ noun /faUl/

frightening a bird, especially one kept on a farm etc. for its eggs
A raging elephant is a formidable sight. or meat
A chicken is a type of fowl.
formula
fragile
noun /»fç˘mj´l´/
a rule expressed in symbols or numbers adjective /»frQdZaIl/
The students were taught the formula for calculating easy to break or damage
the volume of an object. The fragile glass fell and broke.
fortnight frank
noun /»fç˘tnaIt/ adjective /frQNk/

a period of two weeks making your thoughts and feelings clear to people
The parcel will probably be here in a fortnight. The frank boy expressed his displeasure.
fortress frantic
noun /»fç˘tr´s/ adjective /»frQntIk/

a fortified building or town wildly agitated or excited
The fortress was very strong and strategically The doctors made frantic attempts to revive him.
located.
freak
fortunately
adjective /fri˘k/
adverb /»fç˘tSń´tli/ very strange or abnormal
luckily Arif was killed in a freak accident.
Fortunately, it did not rain during the picnic.
freeze
forty
verb /fri˘z/
noun /»fç˘ti/ turn into ice; make or be very cold
the number 40 To freeze water you must put it in the freezer.
My uncle turned forty last year.
frequent
fossil
adjective /»fri˘kwńt/
noun /»fÅsl/ happening often
the remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that has Mehr made frequent trips to the library.
been buried in the ground for centuries that become
hardened in rock friendly
A fossil reveals information about a prehistoric plant
adjective /»frendli/
or animal.
behaving like a friend
fountain Asif’s family are very friendly people.
noun /»faUntń/ frightening

an ornamental structure in which a jet of water shoots
adjective /»fraItnIN/
up into the air
We threw coins into the fountain for good luck. making afraid
Frightening sounds were heard at night.
l 49 l
frolic furniture
9 to11
age group F
verb /»frÅlIk/ noun /»f3˘nItS´[r]/
play about in a lively cheerful way tables, chairs, and other moveable things that you
The children were allowed to frolic in the park. need in a house or school or office
We went to buy new furniture for the house.
frown
fuse
verb /fraUn/
wrinkle your forehead because you are angry or noun /fju˘z/
worried a safety device containing a short piece of wire that
A stern frown from the teacher was enough to keep melts if too much electricity is passed through it
the children quiet. A fuse is used in an electrical circuit for safety.
fruit
noun /fru˘t/
the seed-container that grows on a tree or plant and
is often used as food
Fruit should be an essential part of your diet.
frustration
noun /fr√»streISn/
angry disappointment
Ali banged the table in frustration.
fuel
noun /»fju˘´l/
something that is burnt to produce heat or power
Coal is used as fuel to run train engines.
fumble
verb /»f√mbl/
hold or handle something clumsily
While he was sitting alone he began to fumble with
his keys.
fundamental
adjective /«f√nd´»mentl/
basic
Believing in one God is a fundamental principle of
Islam.
funeral
noun /»fju˘n´r´l/
the ceremony when a dead person is buried
Malik’s funeral will be on Monday.
l 50 l
The th
G
gadget
9 to11
age group
garden
noun /»gQdZIt/ noun /»gA˘dn/

any small, useful tool a piece of ground where flowers, fruit, or vegetables
This gadget is used to open tins. are grown
I have planted a rose bush in my garden.
gaily
garlic
adverb /»geIli/
in a cheerful way noun /»gA˘lIk/
The children waved gaily as they left for school. a plant with a bulb divided into smaller bulbs (cloves)
which have a strong smell and taste
gala He seasoned the fish with garlic.
noun /»gA˘l´/
garnet
a festive occasion
The hall was decorated with buntings for the gala. noun /»ga˘nIt/
a red gemstone
gallant She asked the jeweller to replace the broken garnet
in her necklace.
adjective /»gQlńt/
brave garnish
The soldier’s gallant behaviour was rewarded with a
medal. noun /»gA˘nIS/
something used to decorate food or give it extra
gallop flavour
Parsley is used as a garnish.
noun /»gQl´p/
the fastest pace that a horse can go gasket
The horse raced to the finishing line at a gallop.
noun /»gaskIt/
gamma a piece of rubber etc between 2 metal surfaces, to
prevent steam, gas etc escaping
noun /»gam´/
Her father manufactures gasket for the automative
a letter of the Greek alphabet industry.
Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet.
gasoline
ganglion
noun /»gas´li˘n/
noun /»gaNglIń/ a mixture of flammable liquid derived mainly from
a mass of nerve cells crude petroleum
The spinal ganglion contains the nerve-cell bodies of Rise in crude oil prices will make gasoline expensive.
the nerve fibres.
gavial
garage
noun /»geIvI´l/
noun /»gQrA˘Z/ a member of the crocodile family, this reptile has a
a building where motor vehicle may be kept or long slender snout
serviced Sentence not Required
He parked his car in the garage.
l 51 l
gem geography
9 to11
age group G
noun /dZem/ noun /dZi»Ågr´fi/
a precious stone; an excellent person or thing the study of the Earth’s climate, peoples and products
Ruby is an expensive gem. Sara enjoys studying geography.
generate geology
verb /»dZen´reIt/ noun /dZi»Ål´dZi/

to produce or create the study of the structure of the Earth’s crust and its
The school held a fair to generate money for charity. layers
We learnt about the Earth’s core in the geology class.
generation
geometry
noun /«dZen´»reISn/
all the people born at about the same time noun /dZi»Åm´tri/
Our parents’ generation enjoys listening to classical the study of lines, angles, surfaces and solids in
music. mathematics
We learnt how to calculate the volume of a sphere in
generator geometry.
noun /»dZen´reIt´[r]/ gesture
a machine that produces electricity
During the power cut, we used the generator to noun /»dZestS´[r]/
produce electricity. something that you do or say to show a particular
feeling or intention
generosity It would be a nice gesture to send her some flowers.
noun /«dZen´»rÅs´ti/ ghost

willingness in giving away one’s money
The rich man was known for his generosity. noun /gÚst/
the spirit of a dead person
genius The ghost haunted the house.
noun /»dZi˘ni´s/ gibberish

a very clever person
noun /»dZIb´rIS/
Einstein was a mathematical genius.
speech or writing that is difficult to understand or is
gentleman meaningless
I am sick and tired of his gibberish.
noun /»dZentlmń/
a courteous or honourable man ginger
Despite his upbringing, he was a gentleman in every
noun /»dZIndZ´[r]/
possible way.
a plant root with a hot and spicy taste, used as
seasoning
genuine
He bought ginger and garlic from the vegetable
adjective /»dZenjuIn/ market.
real; not faked
This painting is a genuine antique. giraffe
noun /dZ´»rA˘f/
an African animal, the world’s tallest mammal, which
reaches up to 5.5 metres in height
l 52 l
The th
G
gladiator
9 to11
age group
glorify
noun /»glQdieIt´[r]/ verb /»glç˘rIfaI/

a man trained to fight for public entertainment in to make a thing seem more attractive than it really is
ancient Rome It is a film that tries to glorify war.
The gladiator fought bravely.
glorious
glamorous
adjective /»glç˘ri´s/
adjective /»glQm´r´s/ wonderful or magnificent
excitingly attractive The glorious sunset was enjoyed by the hikers.
The movie star was wearing a glamorous dress.
glossary
glamour
noun /»glÅs´ri/
noun /»glQm´[r]/ a list of difficult words with their meanings explained
attractiveness The textbook contained a glossary at the end.
The glamour of films inspired him to become an actor.
gnat
glaze
noun /nQt/
verb /gleIz/ a tiny fly that bites
to give a shiny surface to something
Mehr is going to glaze the cake with some icing. gnome
noun /nÚm/
glide
a kind of dwarf in fairy tales, usually living
verb /glaId/ underground
to move along smoothly The gnome and his family lived happily ever after.
I will glide across the ice in my skates.
goldfish
glimpse
noun /»gÚldfIS/
noun /glImps/ a small red or orange fish, often kept as a pet
a brief view
I caught a glimpse of the film star as she arrived at goose
the premiere.
noun /gu˘s/
glitter a long-necked water bird with webbed feet, larger
than a duck
noun /»glIt´[r]/
tiny sparkling pieces used for decoration gooseberry
Mehr used glitter to decorate her hair.
noun /»gUzb´ri/
glittering a small, green fruit that grows on a prickly bush
The gooseberry bush grows naturally in thick forests.
adjective /»glIt´rIN/
sparkling gorge
The glittering lake shone beautifully in the sunlight.
noun /gç˘dZ/
a narrow valley with steep sides
The hikers had walked through a gorge to reach their
camp.
l 53 l
gorilla grateful
9 to11
age group G
noun /g´»rIl´/ adjective /»greItfl/
an African ape, the largest of all the apes very thankful
The student extended her grateful thanks to all her
government teachers.
noun /»g√vńmńt/ gratify
the group of people who are in charge of the public
affairs of a country verb /»grQtIfaI/
The government is responsible for maintaining the to satisfy a feeling
law and order of a country. I will gratify your daughter’s curiosity.
grace gratitude
noun /greIs/ noun /»grQtItju˘d/

beauty, especially of movement thanks
The ballerina moved with extraordinary grace. He expressed his gratitude for her help.
graduation gravitational
noun /«grQdZu»eISn/ adjective /«grQvI»teISńl/

the ceremony at which school or college degrees are to do with the force of gravity
given The gravitational pull of the Sun keeps the Earth in
The principal handed out degrees at the graduation. orbit.
grammar greedy
noun /»grQm´[r]/ adjective /»gri˘di/

the rules for using words and punctuation correctly wanting more food, money, or other things than you
The students were taught grammar and literature. need
The greedy boy ate the entire packet of sweets.
grammatical
greengrocer
adjective /gr´»mQtIkl/
of or relating to grammar noun /»gri˘ngrÚs´[r]/
There are many grammatical errors in this essay. a person who keeps a shop that sells fruit and
vegetables
grandfather I bought some carrots from the greengrocer.
noun /»grQnfA˘D´[r]/ grey
the father of one’s father or mother
His grandfather is a wise old man. adjective /greI/
the colour between black and white
graphic The professor wore a grey suit.
adjective /»grQfIk/ grievance

vivid, lifelike
Ali gave a graphic account of his camping trip. noun /»gri˘vńs/
something that people are discontented about
The teacher listened patiently to the student’s
grievance.
l 54 l
The th
G
groceries
9 to11
age group
noun /»grÚs´ris/
items of food
She has gone to the market to buy groceries.
grub
noun /gr√b/
a tiny, worm-like creature that will become an insect
grudge
noun /gr√dZ/
a feeling of resentment or ill will
She isn’t the sort of person who bears a grudge.
guarantee
noun /«gQrń»ti˘/
an assurance that certain conditions will be fulfilled
There is no guarantee that he will succeed.
guardian
noun /»gA˘diń/
a person who is legally in charge of a child whose
parents cannot look after him or her
His aunt acted as his guardian while his parents were
away.
guitar
noun /gI»tA˘[r]/
a musical instrument played by plucking its strings
He is skilled at playing the guitar.
gymnasium
noun /dZIm»neIzi´m/
a place equipped for gymnastics
Nadia trained at the gymnasium from an early age.
gymnastics
noun /dZIm»nQstIks/
exercises performed to display strength and agility
There was a display of gymnastics at the school’s
Sports Day.
l 55 l
habit halo
9 to11
age group H
noun /»hQbIt/ noun /»heIlÚ/
a settled way of behaving a hazy ring of colored light in the sky around the Sun,
It is my habit to wake up early in the morning. Moon, or a similar bright object
People think that the halo around the moon forecasts
habitat rain.
noun /»hQbItQt/
hammer
where an animal or plant lives naturally
Deforestation deprives many plants and animals of noun /»hQm´[r]/
their habitat. a tool with a heavy metal head used for driving nails
in, breaking things
habitation Ali used a hammer to drive the nail into the wall.
noun /«hQbI»teISn/
handicapped
a place to live in
Trees provide habitation for many species of birds. adjective /»hQndikQpt/
disabled
haggard There are special parking spaces reserved for cars
driven by handicapped people.
adjective /»hQg´d/
looking ill or very tired handkerchief
The haggard mountaineers were happy to reach their
base camp. noun /»hQNk´tSIf/
a small square of cloth for wiping the nose or face
haircut Sara used a handkerchief to wipe her face.
noun /»he´k√t/
handle
the act of cutting hair
Ali has a haircut once a month. verb /»hQndl/
to deal with; to manage
hairdresser He was asked to handle the preparations for the
party.
noun /»he´dres´[r]/
a person whose job is to cut and arrange people’s handlebar
hair
Sara asked the hairdresser to trim her hair. noun /»hQndlbA˘[r]/
a bar with handles on each end that steers a bicycle
halite or motorcycle
Masood sat his little son on the handlebar of his
noun /»hal√It/
motorcycle.
a soft, colourless or white mineral; rock salt
Halite is an important source of table salt. handsome
hallucination adjective /»hQns´m/

good-looking
noun /h´«lu˘sI»neISn/
Akbar is a handsome young boy.
something you think you see or hear that is not really
there handwriting
The old man’s hallucination intensifies when he is
hungry. noun /»hQndraItiN/
a person’s style of writing
Mehr’s handwriting is very neat.
l 56 l
The th
H
harbour
9 to11
age group
harvest
noun /»hA˘b´[r]/ noun /»hA˘vIst/

a place where ships can shelter or unload the time when farmers gather in the corn, fruit or
The harbour is packed with cargo ships. vegetables that they have grown
Harvest is a busy time in rural areas.
hardware
hassium
noun /»hA˘dwe´[r]/
metal tools, machinery noun /»hasI´m/
The shop sold hardware for use in factories. a radioactive element
Hassium is produced when atoms collide.
hare
hasty
noun /he´[r]/
an animal like a rabbit but larger adjective /»heIsti/
hurried: done too quickly
harmonic Her hasty decisions did not always have the required
effect.
adj /ha˘»mÅnIk/
relating to the way music notes are played or sung hatch
together to make a pleasing sound
The music teacher gave tips on how to play harmonic verb /hQtS/
notes on the classical guitar. to break out of an egg
The chicks are about to hatch out of the eggs.
harmonious
haul
adjective /hA˘»mÚni´s/
friendly and peaceful verb /»hç˘l/
We enjoy a harmonious relationship with our to pull or drag with great effort
neighbours. Ali had to haul the luggage down the stairs.
harmony haunt
noun /»hA˘mńi/ verb /hç˘nt/

being friendly and in tune with each other (said about a ghost) to appear often in a place
We should live in harmony with our fellow human A ghost is said to haunt the old castle.
beings.
hazard
harness
noun /»hQz´d/
noun /»hA˘nIs/ a danger or risk
the straps put round a horse’s head and neck for The road sign indicated that there was a hazard
controlling it ahead.
Akbar put a harness on his horse.
hazardous
harsh
adjective /»hQz´d´s/
adjective /hA˘S/ dangerous
rough and unpleasant The hazardous chemicals were being emptied into
He was living in a wild and harsh country full of hot the sea.
sand and cactus plants.
l 57 l
headache henceforth
9 to11
age group H
noun /»hedeIk/ adverb /«hens»fç˘T/
a pain in the head from now on
I went home early from work due to a severe Wearing the school uniform is compulsory,
headache. henceforth.
headmistress hereditary
noun /«hed»mIstr´s/ adjective /h´»redItri/

a female head teacher passed on from parent to child; inherited
The teacher asked the headmistress to discipline the Diabetes can be a hereditary disease.
unruly students
heredity
headquarters
noun /h´»red´ti/
noun /«hed»kwç˘t´z/ the process of inheriting physical or mental
the place from which an organisation is controlled characteristics from parents or ancestors
The general immediately returned to headquarters. Heredity determines the colour of our eyes.
health heritage
noun /helT/ noun /»herItIdZ/

the condition of a person’s body or mind the things that someone has inherited
His health is improving. The Badshahi Mosque is part of our national heritage.
hectic hermetically
adjective /»hektIk/ adverb /h3˘»metIkli/

busy and confused so as to be airtight
Zara was tired at the end of a hectic day. The tin is hermetically sealed.
hedgehog hermit
noun /»hedZhÅg/ noun /»h3˘mIt/

a small animal covered with long prickles a person who lives alone and keeps away from
people
heighten The hermit lived in a cave.
verb /»haItn/ hesitate

to make higher
The carpenter was asked to heighten the table. verb /»hezIteIt/
to be slow or uncertain in speaking, moving
helicopter I hesitate to be the bearer of bad news.
noun /»helIkÅpt´[r]/ heterogeneous

an aircraft with large horizontal propellers or rotor
The helicopter circled over the forest fire. adjective /»het´r´»dZi˘ni´s/
composed of people or things of different kinds
hemisphere The country has a heterogeneous population.
noun /»hemIsfI´[r]/
half the Earth
Australia is in the Southern hemisphere.
l 58 l
The th
H
hibernation
9 to11
age group
hire
noun /«haIb´»neISn/ verb /»haI´[r]/

state of deep sleep in which some animals pass the to pay money to borrow something for a short time
winter He was told to hire a car for the day.
Bears go into hibernation in winter.
historical
hierarchy
adjective /hI»stÅrIkl/
noun /»haI´rA˘ki/ to do with history
an organisation that ranks people one above the Historical novels are very popular.
other according to the power or authority that they
hold hitherto
She is a senior professor in the college hierarchy.
adverb /«hID´»tu˘/
hieroglyphics until this time
Hitherto, there have been no problems.
noun /«haI´r´»glIfIks/
pictures or symbols used in ancient Egypt to hollow
represent words
adjective /»hAlÚ/
The walls of the tomb were covered in hieroglyphics.
with an empty space inside; not solid
hijack A drum is a hollow object.
verb /»haIdZQk/ honeysuckle

to seize control of an aircraft or vehicle during a
noun /»h√nis√kl/
journey
The criminals tried to hijack the aeroplane. a climbing plant with fragrant yellow or pink flowers
I could smell the honeysuckle when I went out into
hilarious the garden in the evenings.
adjective /hI»le´ri´s/ honourable

very funny
adjective /»Ån´r´bl/
The comedian’s hilarious jokes had the audience
laughing. deserving honour
Teaching is an honourable profession.
hindquarters
hoof
noun /«haInd»kwç˘t´z/
noun /hu˘f/
an animal’s back legs
They held the sheep by its hindquarters. the hard part of the foot of a horse etc.
The blacksmith shod the horse’s hoof.
hinge
hooligan
noun /hindZ/
noun /»hu˘lIgń/
a joining device on which a lid or door turns when it
opens a rough and violent young person
The door fell off its hinge. The hooligan was arrested by the police.
hopeful
hippopotamus
adjective /»húpfl/
noun /«hIp´»pÅt´m´s/
likely to be good or successful
a very large African animal that lives near water The result of the election is a hopeful sign that there
will be peace.
l 59 l
horizontal hostage
9 to11
age group H
adjective /«hÅrI»zÅntl/ noun /»hÅstIdZ/
parallel to the horizon a person who is held prisoner until certain demands
He drew horizontal lines on a piece of paper. are met
The hostage was released once the ransom was
hormone paid.
noun /»hç˘mÚn/ hostile
a substance produced by glands in the body
Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the adjective /»hÅstaIl/
pancreas. unfriendly
She gave me a hostile glare.
hornet
housefly
noun /»hç˘nIt/
a wasp that can inflict a severe sting noun /»haUsflaI/
a common fly, that frequents human habitations and
horoscope spreads diseases
noun /»hAr´skÚp/
howl
an astrologer’s forecast of future events
She enjoys reading her horoscope in the newspaper. noun /haUl/
a long, loud, sad sound such as that made by a dog
horrible or wolf
I could hear the howl of the wolf.
adjective /»hÅr´bl/
very unpleasant or nasty humane
Having a tooth removed was a horrible experience.
adjective /hju˘»meIn/
horrify kind-hearted and merciful
Animals deserve humane treatment.
verb /»hÅrIfaI/
to make somebody feel very afraid or disgusted humanitarian
He tried to horrify us with scary stories.
adjective /hju˘«mQnI»te´riń/
horse concerned with people’s welfare
Since he is old and sick, doctors say he should be
noun /hç˘s/
released from prison on humanitarian grounds.
a large, four-legged animal used for riding on and for
pulling carts etc humble
horticulture adjective /»h√mbl/

modest; not proud or showy
noun /»hç˘tIk√ltS´[r]/
Ali is a humble boy.
the art of cultivating gardens
The gardener was trained in horticulture. humiliate
hospitality verb /hju˘»mIlieIt/

to make a person feel disgraced or ashamed
noun /«hÅspI»tQl´ti/
It is wrong to humiliate someone.
welcoming guests and giving them food and
entertainment
Thank you for your generous hospitality.
l 60 l
The th
H
humility
9 to11
age group
hyphen
noun /hju˘»mIl´ti/ noun /»haIfn/

being humble a short dash used to join words or parts of words
The king showed great humility when he addressed together
the council. A hyphen is sometimes necessary to connect two
words.
humour
hypnotise
noun /»hju˘m´[r]/
the quality of being funny verb /»hIpn´taIz/
Shahid has a great sense of humour. to produce hypnosis in somebody
The hypnotist tried to hypnotise my aunt.
humus
hypocrite
noun /»hju˘m´s/
rich earth made by decayed plants noun /»hIp´krIt/
The gardener uses humus to improve the soil. a person who pretends to be what he is not
His actions revealed him to be a hypocrite.
hunchback
hysteria
noun /»h√ntSbQk/
someone with a hump on their back noun /hI»stI´ri´/
The hunchback of Notre Dame was called uncontrollable excitement, panic, or emotion
Quasimodo. The fans at the rock concert were in a state of
hysteria.
hurdle
hysterical
noun /»h3˘dl/
an obstacle or difficulty adjective /hI»sterIkl/
The race called for the children to jump over a hurdle. uncontrollably emotional
That comedian was good at telling hysterical jokes.
hurricane
noun /»h√rIkń/
a storm with violent winds
The hurricane knocked down many trees.
hyena
noun /haI»i˘n´/
a wild animal that looks like a wolf and makes a
shrieking howl
hypermarket
noun /»haIp´mA˘kIt/
a large shop that is usually situated outside a town
and sells a variety of goods
The location of the new hypermarket is very
convenient.
l 61 l
iceberg illegal
9 to11
age group I
noun /»aIsb3˘g/ adjective /I»li˘gl/
a large mass of ice floating in the sea with most of it not lawful
under water The illegal immigrants were caught.
The ship was severely damaged when it hit an
iceberg. illite
noun /»Il√It/
icicle
group of grey, green, or yellowish-brown clay minerals
noun /»aIsIkl/ Illite does not expand on absorption of water.
pointed, hanging, pieces of ice, formed when dripping
water freezes illiteracy
He broke off an icicle from the edge of the roof.
noun /I»lIt´r´si/
identical inability to read or write
Illiteracy is Pakistan’s heaviest burden.
adjective /aI»dentIkl/
exactly the same illustration
Mehr and Maha are identical twins.
noun /«Il´»streISn/
identification descriptive example, often pictorial
The book had a colourful illustration on its cover.
noun /aI«dentIfI»keISn/
who or what a person or a thing is image
Early identification of a disease can prevent illness.
noun /»ImIdZ/
idiom the appearance of something as seen in a mirror or
camera
noun /»Idi´m/ Alia saw the reflection of her image in the water.
a phrase that means something different from the
meaning of the words in it imagination
‘Let the cat out of the bag’ is an idiom meaning to tell
noun /I«mQdZI»neISn/
a secret by mistake.
the ability to imagine things
idle Children have a wonderful sense of imagination.
adjective /»aIdl/ imaginative

doing no work; lazy
adjective /I»mQdZIn´tIv/
The idle boy wasted his time.
creative
idolise Grandma used to tell us very imaginative stories.
verb /»aId´laIz/ immeasurable

to admire someone greatly
Children usually idolise their parents. adjective /I»meZ´r´bl/
too large or great to be measured
ignorance The industrialist had accumulated immeasurable
wealth.
noun /»Ign´rńs/
not knowing about something
In my ignorance, I failed to come downstairs to meet
the guests.
l 62 l
The th
I
immediately
9 to11
age group
imperfect
adverb /I»mi˘di´tli/ adjective /Im»p3˘fekt/

at once; without delay with mistakes
His mother asked him to return home immediately We live in an imperfect world.
after school.
implausible
immoral
adjective /Im»plç˘z´bl/
adjective /I»mÅr´l/ not seeming reasonable or likely to be true
morally wrong It sounded like an implausible excuse.
Stealing is an immoral act.
implicit
immortal
adjective /Im»plIsit/
adjective /I»mç˘tl/ not directly expressed
living forever She had the implicit trust of her staff.
Everything in life would be different if we were
immortal beings. impolite
adjective /«Imp´»laIt/
immunise
rude
verb /»ImjunaIz/ The impolite boy was punished by his father.
to give a person resistance to a disease, e.g. by
vaccination impress
It is important to immunise every child against polio.
verb /Im»pres/
impatient to make a person admire something
She tried to impress her teacher with her work.
noun /Im»peISnt/
not patient; in a hurry impression
The impatient man was getting annoyed at their lack
noun /Im»preSn/
of interest.
an effect produced on the mind
impel I think I made a good impression on my boss.
verb /Im»pel/ improbable

urge; drive forward
adjective /Im»prÅb´bl/
There are various reasons that impel me to that
conclusion. unlikely
The police detective listened to the suspects
impenetrable improbable story.
adjective /Im»penItr´bl/ improvise

impossible to get through
verb /»Impr´vaIz/
It was difficult to cross the impenetrable jungle.
compose or perform something without a rehearsal or
imperative with whatever is available
The actors forgot their lines and had to improvise the
adjective /Im»per´tIv/ last scene.
essential
It is imperative to continue treatment for two months.
l 63 l
impulse incident
9 to11
age group I
noun /»Imp√ls/ noun /»InsIdńt/
a sudden strong wish to do something an event
He had a sudden impulse to stand up and sing. I will never forget the incident which took place last
summer at the beach.
impure
inclination
adjective /Im»pjU´[r]/
not pure noun /«InklI»neISn/
Impure water caused an epidemic. a feeling that makes you want to do something
He did not show the slightest inclination to leave.
inaccessible
inclined
adjective /«InQk»ses´bl/
not able to be reached adjective /In»klaInd/
Medical camps were set up in inaccessible areas. tending to do something; wanting or likely to do
something
inaccurate The little children were inclined to trust their teacher.
adjective /In»Qkj´r´t/
include
not exact or accurate; with mistakes
She gave me a horribly inaccurate description of the verb /In»klu˘d/
match between India and Pakistan. to make or consider something as part of a group of
things
inattentive Mehr wanted to include her entire class in her
birthday celebration.
adjective /«In´»tentIv/
not giving attention to something incoherent
The teacher was unhappy with the inattentive
students. adjective /«InkÚ»hI´rńt/
not clearly ordered or linked
inaudible His incoherent speech was boring for the listeners.
adjective /In»ç˘d´bl/
inconsiderate
not able to be heard
He was murmuring inaudible words. adjective /«Inkń»sId´r´t/
not considerate towards other people
incandescent Our previous neighbours were inconsiderate people.
adjective /«InkQn»desnt/
inconsistent
giving out light when heated
Thomas Edison was the famous scientist who adjective /«Inkń»sIstńt/
invented the incandescent light bulb. not always the same
The coach was disappointed by the inconsistent
incentive performance by his team.
noun /In»sentIv/
incredible
something that encourages a person to do something
or to work harder adjective /In»kred´bl/
The pay raise gave her an incentive to work harder. unbelievable
Ali dressed with incredible speed.
l 64 l
The th
I
indemnify
9 to11
age group
indiscreet
verb /In»demnIfaI/ adjective /«IndI»skri˘t/

to compensate for loss not careful about what you say or do, especially when
The insurance company will indemnify us in case of this embarrasses or offends someone
theft. He is an indiscreet person and cannot be trusted.
independence indispensable
noun /«IndI»pendńs/ adjective /«IndI»spens´bl/

the state of being free and not controlled by another essential
person or country A dictionary is an indispensable possession for any
August 14 is the anniversary of Pakistan’s English teacher.
independence.
indistinct
independent
adjective /«indI»stINkt/
adjective /«IndI»pendńt/ not clear
not dependent on any other person or thing for help, His indistinct speech made it difficult for them to
money or support understand him.
Pakistan became an independent country in 1947.
indium
index
noun /»IndI´m/
noun /»Indeks/ a very soft, silvery-white, chemical element
an alphabetical list of things Indium is used to coat the bearings of high speed
She consulted the index at the back of the book to motors.
find the word she was looking for.
indole
indicate
noun /»IndÚl/
verb /»IndIkeIt/ white crystalline compound obtained from coal tar or
to point something out various plants
The arrow will indicate which direction we should Indole is used in perfumery.
take.
industrialise
indicator
verb /In»d√stri´laiz/
noun /»IndIkeIt´[r]/ to develop industries in a country
a flashing signal that a motor vehicle is turning The government plans to industrialise Gwadar Port
The traffic sergeant fined him for having a broken over the next few years.
indicator.
industrious
indifference
adjective /In»d√stri´s/
noun /In»dIfrńs/ hard working
lack of interest The industrious weavers worked hard.
He has always shown indifference to the needs of
others. inedible
adjective /In»ed´bl/
unfit to eat
The inedible cake was thrown away.
l 65 l
infant inhabitant
9 to11
age group I
noun /»Infńt/ noun /In»hQbItńt/
a baby or young child a person who lives in a particular place
The infant was asleep in the cot. The oldest inhabitant of the village has survived a
series of droughts and floods.
infinite
inhale
adjective /»InfIn´t/
endless or without limit verb /In»heIl/
We do not have an infinite amount of time. to breathe in
Your lungs expand when you inhale.
inflammable
inoculate
adjective /In»flQm´bl/
able to be set on fire verb /I»nÅkjuleIt/
It is advised not to smoke near inflammable objects. to inject or treat someone with a vaccine or serum as
a protection against a disease
inflate The doctor wanted to inoculate the child against
typhoid.
verb /In»fleIt/
to fill something with air or gas to make it bigger insane
We had to inflate the balloons for the party.
adjective /In»seIn/
influence not sane, mad
The insane child went out during a raging storm.
noun /»Influńs/
the power to change what somebody believes or does insect
A teacher has a strong influence over her students.
noun /»Insekt/
influential a small animal with six legs, no backbone, and a
body divided into three parts (head, thorax, abdomen)
adjective /«Influ»enSl/
having a lot of influence insensitive
She is a very influential politician.
adjective /In»sens´tIv/
information not thinking about other people’s feelings
His insensitive remarks made her cry.
noun /«Inf´»meISn/
facts inseparable
A library is a good place to look for information.
adjective /In»sepr´bl/
not able to be separated
infrequent
Mehr and Yasha were inseparable friends.
adjective /In»fri˘kwńt/
rarely happening insistent
A solar eclipse is an infrequent occurrence. adjective /In»sIstńt/
very firm in asking for something
infuriate
The management adhered to the insistent demands
verb /In»fjU´rieIt/ of the workers.
to make a person very angry
Little Johnny always manages to infuriate his father
with his naughtiness.
l 66 l
The th
I
instalment
9 to11
age group
intercept
noun /In»stç˘lmńt/ verb /«Int´»sept/

small sums of money paid at regular intervals to stop or catch a person or thing that is going from
I paid the first instalment for my car. one place to another
Reporters tried to intercept him as he was leaving the
instant hotel.
adjective /»Instńt/ interfere
happening immediately
She took an instant dislike to me. verb /«Int´»fI´[r]/
to get in the way; obstruct
instruct Please do not interfere in my business.
verb /In»str√kt/ international

to teach a person a subject or skill
Sara asked her teacher to instruct her in adjective /«Int´»nQSn´l/
mathematics. belonging to more than one country
English is an international language.
instrument
interrupt
noun /»Instr´mńt/
a tool or device used for a particular task verb /«Int´»r√pt/
The piano is a musical instrument. to prevent something from continuing by breaking in
on it
insurance Please do not interrupt me when I am talking.
noun /In»SU´rńs/ interview
an agreement to compensate someone for a loss,
damage or injury in return for a payment made in noun /»Int´vju˘/
advance a formal meeting with someone to ask him or her
He decided to take out insurance against fire and questions or to obtain information
theft. I was called for a job interview.
intelligence intimidation
noun /In»telIdZńs/ noun /In«tImI»deISn/

the ability to learn, understand and think in a logical feeling of fear or threat
way about things Female workers have been complaining of
He didn’t even have the intelligence to call for an intimidation.
ambulance.
intrigue
intensify
verb /In»tri˘g/
verb /In»tensIfaI/ to interest very much
to make more strong The aim of the lecture was to intrigue the audience.
The heat will intensify in the future due to global
warming. introduction
noun /«Intr´»d√kSn/
introducing somebody or something
I wrote a two-paragraph introduction on the Asian
elephant in my English essay.
l 67 l
invade irrigation
9 to11
age group I
verb /In»veId/ noun /«IrI»geISn/
to attack and enter a country etc. supplying land with water to grow crops
Enemy soldiers tried to invade the country. Irrigation has greatly increased the area of cultivated
land.
invasion
irritate
noun /In»veIZn/
the act of entering another territory by force to take verb /»IrIteIt/
control of it to annoy
Soldiers managed to stop the enemy invasion. His childish behaviour began to irritate me.
invention isle
noun /In»venSn/ noun /aIl/

something made by a person that has not been made a small island
before The Isle of Wight is one of several British Isles.
Fax machines were a wonderful invention at the time.
itch
investigation
verb /ItS/
noun /In«vestI»geISn/ to feel a tickling sensation on the skin that makes you
a systematic inquiry want to scratch it.
The police carried out an investigation into the crime. My sweater makes me itch.
invigilate itinerary
verb /In»vIdZIleIt/ noun /aI»tIn´r´ri/

to supervise students at an examination a plan of a journey
I was asked to invigilate the mathematics The next place on our itinerary was Lahore.
examination.
invisible
adjective /In»vIz´bl/
not able to be seen
We watched a film about an invisible man.
irregular
adjective /I»regj´l´[r]/
not regular
Mrs. Ali was informed of her daughter’s irregular
attendance at school.
irrigate
verb /»IrIgeIt/
to supply land with water so that crops etc. can grow
A system of canals is used to irrigate farmland in dry
areas.
l 68 l
The Peaks school Spelling Bee Wordlist
l 69 l

Spelling Lists Class 3-5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Spelling Lists Class 3-5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

P.E.A.K.

noun /Q»bk´/ noun /´k»ses´ri/

adjective /´b»s3˘d/ noun /»QksId´nt/

accept verb /´»k√mplIS/

accessible noun /´»kaUnt´nt/

adjective /´»k√st´md/ noun /»Qkr´»f´Ubi´/

noun /´»ku˘stIks/ adjective /´»dQpt´bl/

noun /´»kweInt´ns/ adjective /»QdIkw´t/

verb /´d»hI´[r]/ noun /´d»v3˘tIsm´nt/

adjective /´»dZ√st´bl/ aerial

noun /»Qdvent/ afford

noun /»Qg´ni/ noun /´»li˘dZ´ns/

noun /»QgrIk√ltS´[r]/ adjective /´»l3˘dZIk/

noun /»e´pç˘t/ noun /»Qli/

adverb /´»laUd/ adjective /«Qmbi»dekstr´s/

verb /QmplIfaI/ verb /´»naI´leIt/

verb /»QmpjuteIt/ noun /«QnI»v3˘s´ri /

noun /»Qnsest´[r]/ adjective /»Qnju´l/

noun /»QNk´[r]/ adjective /´»nÅnIm´s/

adjective /»eInS´nt/ noun /«QntibaI»ÅtIk/

verb /Qn»tIsIpeIt/ adjective /´»pç˘lIN/

noun /Qn«tIsI»peISn/ noun /«Qp´»rISn/

noun /«Qnti»klaImQks/ noun /´»pI´r´ns/

adjective /´»pr´Upri´t/ noun /´»r´Um´/

verb /´»pru˘v/ noun /´»reI/

adjective /´»kwQtIk/ asp

noun /«A˘ki»Ål´dZi/ assassinate

noun /´»sç˘lt/ noun /»Qsm´/

verb /´»ses/ verb /´»stÅnIS/

noun /´»saInm´nt/ verb /Qstr´get/

verb /´»sIm´leIt/ noun /»Qstr´nç˘t/

verb /´»sIst/ noun /´»saIl´m/

verb /»bQbl/ noun /»bQleI/

noun /«bQl´»ri˘n´/ noun /»bQr´ks/

noun /»barIÅn/ verb /bI»gaIl/

preposition /bI»ni˘T/ noun /»bev´rIdZ/

adjective /«benI»fISl/ noun /bI»wIld´rm´nt/

verb /bI»kwi˘D/ noun /«bIbli»Ågr´fi/

preposition /bI»saId/ noun /«baIsen»ti˘n´ri/

verb /bI»si˘dZ/ noun /»baIseps/

adjective /«baI´UdI»greId´bl/ noun /bleId/

noun /»b3˘dsi˘d/ adjective /blQnd/

noun /»bIskIt/ noun /»blQndISm´nt/

bitter noun /»bleIz´[r]/

adjective /bli˘k/ noun /»bu˘m´rQN/

noun /brIdZ/ verb /brç˘t/

noun /»bri˘fkeIs/ noun /braU/

adjective /»brIlI´nt/ noun /bru˘»net/

proper noun /»bUdIz´m/ noun /»b√Ng´l´U/

noun /»bUl´tIn/ noun /»bIzn´smQn/

noun /»b√mblbi˘/ noun /»b√t´flaI/

noun /»kQbIdZ/ noun /kA˘f/

noun /»kQbIn´t/ noun /k´»lIgr´fi/

noun /»kQkt´s/ noun /»kalIp´/

noun /»kA˘b´n/ noun /»kA˘trIdZ/

noun /kA˘»sIn´dZ´n/ noun /k´»set/

noun /»kA˘dIg´n/ noun /»kA˘sl/

noun /k´»rI´[r]/ adjective /»kQZu´l/

adjective /kA˘»nIv´r´s/ noun /»kQt´p√lt/

noun /kA˘»tu˘nIst/ caterpillar

noun /»kç˘ldr´n/ noun /«selI»breISn/

certificate noun /«kQr´kt´»rIstIk/

champion verb /»tSQt´[r]/