Rates of Chemical Reactions (1) : Effect of Concentration and Temperature w/s for ppt

Particle Theory

The Particle Theory of Matter states that :

The particle theory states that all matter is made up of particles called atoms which are
constantly moving

The moving particles. have kinetic energy.

The faster the particles move –

The more the kinetic energy they have.

Rate of Reaction

When does a chemical reaction occur?

When the reactant particles interact with one another to form new products.

What does the rate of reaction refer to?

Refers to how fast reactants form products.
What does every reaction involve?

The re-arrangement of atoms or ions and the formation of new bonds.

The Collision Theory

What is the collision Theory?

The idea that the re-arrangement of atoms or ions require collisions between the reactant
particles.

Not all collision will result in a reaction. A successful collision occurs when particles collide with
both:

i. Right orientation

ii. Enough kinetic energy to break their bonds (known as activation energy).

What happens if both conditions are not met?

If the conditions aren’t met then the particles will just bounce off each other without reacting.
What are two factors needed to make reactions go faster:

i. Must be more collisions due to particles moving faster or a greater concentration of

particles.

ii. The collision must be more effective by hitting the right place.

There are five factors which affect the rate of reactions:

i. Concentration of reactants
ii. Temperature
iii. Surface area
iv. Agitation
v. Catalysts

i. Concentration of Reactants

What is concentration?

How many particles there are in a given volume.

Why does an increase in the concentration of the reactants increase the rate of reaction?
The more particles, the more chance of collision, the faster the reaction.

ii. Temperature

What is temperature?

Is a measure of the averge kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

What are the two ways that increasing temperature can increase the rate of chemical
reactions?

1. By increasing the kinetic energy or speed of particles in liquids and gases. As a result
particles collide with each other more frequently.

2. By giving particles more energy. So, when particles collide, they hit harder and are more
likely to break so new products can be formed. They have a greater activation energy.