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HISTORY
royal boroughs in the capital. But most visitors don't know the
extraordinary events that took place here.
Pinggiran komuter di barat daya London ini adalah salah satu dari
hanya tiga wilayah kerajaan di ibu kota. Namun kebanyakan
pengunjung tidak mengetahui peristiwa luar biasa yang terjadi di sini.
Kingston upon Thames' importance stretches back to the 10th Century when
King Athelstan, the most notable Saxon king, was crowned here in 925 CE. Athelstan is
regarded as the first King of England, having defeated the Vikings and Scotland alliance
at York in the Battle of Brunanburh, unifying a map of the British Isles and marking
Kingston as the place where a united England began. Athelstan's coronation is thought
to have taken place at what is now the site of the current All Saints Church. The location
was likely chosen due to its proximity to the border of the ancient kingdoms of Wessex
and Mercia, which Athelstan also united as part of his reign. Although no written record
of the stone existed until the 1790s, it's thought that as part of the ceremony Athelstan
sat on the Coronation Stone while receiving his crown. A replica of this first crown is on
display in the church, constructed from an illustration of the ceremony on 4 September
925.
Pentingnya Kingston upon Thames dimulai sejak abad ke-10 ketika Raja
Athelstan, raja Saxon yang paling terkenal, dimahkotai di sini pada tahun 925 M.
Athelstan dianggap sebagai Raja Inggris pertama, setelah mengalahkan aliansi Viking
dan Skotlandia di York dalam Pertempuran Brunanburh , menyatukan peta Kepulauan
Inggris dan menandai Kingston sebagai tempat dimulainya persatuan Inggris.
Penobatan Athelstan diperkirakan terjadi di tempat yang sekarang menjadi situs Gereja
All Saints saat ini. Lokasi tersebut kemungkinan besar dipilih karena kedekatannya
dengan perbatasan kerajaan kuno Wessex dan Mercia, yang juga disatukan oleh
Athelstan sebagai bagian dari pemerintahannya. Meskipun tidak ada catatan tertulis
tentang batu tersebut hingga tahun 1790-an, diperkirakan bahwa sebagai bagian dari
upacara, Athelstan duduk di atas Batu Penobatan saat menerima mahkotanya. Replika
mahkota pertama ini dipajang di gereja, dibangun dari ilustrasi upacara pada 4
September 925.
"So, not only do we have the Coronation Stone, it is possible that it was the act of
the first-ever documented coronation in England," said Julian McCarthy, a volunteer tour
guide in Kingston upon Thames. Kingston remained the favoured site for royal
coronations, seeing the crowning of Edred in 946 and Ethelred the Unready in 979,
among others; and traditional stories tell that the kings all sat on the same Coronation
Stone. Since no further records on the Coronation Stone exist, it is uncertain when and
why the stone stopped being used. Yet, one tradition from Kingston has remained: the
coronation "ordo" (meaning "order" in Latin), compiled for Athelstan by Athelm (then
Archbishop of Canterbury) is still used for coronations of British monarchs, including the
coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and will likely be used in the upcoming
coronation of King Charles III.
"Jadi, kami tidak hanya memiliki Batu Penobatan, mungkin itu adalah tindakan
penobatan pertama yang didokumentasikan di Inggris," kata Julian McCarthy, seorang
pemandu wisata sukarelawan di Kingston upon Thames. Kingston tetap menjadi tempat
favorit untuk penobatan kerajaan, antara lain melihat penobatan Edred pada tahun 946
dan Ethelred the Unready pada tahun 979; dan cerita tradisional menceritakan bahwa
semua raja duduk di Batu Penobatan yang sama. Karena tidak ada catatan lebih lanjut
tentang Batu Penobatan, tidak pasti kapan dan mengapa batu itu berhenti digunakan.
Namun, satu tradisi dari Kingston tetap ada: penobatan " ordo " (berarti "perintah"
dalam bahasa Latin), disusun untuk Athelstan oleh Athelm (saat itu Uskup Agung
Canterbury) masih digunakan untuk penobatan raja Inggris, termasuk penobatan Ratu
Elizabeth II pada tahun 1953, dan kemungkinan akan digunakan dalam penobatan Raja
Charles III yang akan datang.
Walking around Kingston on a free guided tour reveals the borough's historical
royal patronage. Statues of past kings and queens adorn the ancient buildings at the
Market Square, and although more than a millennium has passed since the coronations
of the Saxon kings at Kingston, the stone remains on display outside the town's
Guildhall as an important symbol of the town's past.
Strolling over Kingston Bridge offers more stories from the past. Kingston Bridge
was once the second place to cross the Thames after London Bridge, and many would
have to come this way to access the other side of the river – including any rebels who
wanted to overthrow the crown, as Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger did during the Wyatt
Rebellion in 1554. The residents of Kingston attempted to break the original wooden
bridge to stop the rebels from reaching the Tower of London. For this loyalty, Queen
Mary Tudor gave Kingston a Royal Charter to hold additional market days. With these
deeply rooted royal links, and with Kingston already being known as an unofficial royal
borough since the Middle Ages, King George V formally named Kingston a royal
borough in 1927. In 1965, Queen Elizabeth ll granted another Royal Charter confirming
Kingston's title as "Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames".
"We are extremely proud to be the oldest royal borough in the country, the place
not only where the first Saxon kings were crowned, but home to the Coronation Stone,
which is said to be the site of the coronation of seven Anglo-Saxon kings and the place
where England began," said Councillor Nicola Nardelli, deputy mayor of the Royal
Borough of Kingston upon Thames, at a recent ceremony. To celebrate the Coronation,
Kingston upon Thames is holding a Coronation Parade on 7 May at the ancient market
place, beginning with the parade of King Athelstan's crown replica, followed by a
community band showcasing Kingston's journey from the past to the present day.
Kami sangat bangga menjadi wilayah kerajaan tertua di negara ini, tempat tidak
hanya di mana raja-raja Saxon pertama dimahkotai, tetapi rumah bagi Batu Penobatan,
yang dikatakan sebagai tempat penobatan tujuh raja Anglo-Saxon. dan tempat di mana
Inggris dimulai," kata Penasihat Nicola Nardelli , wakil walikota Royal Borough of
Kingston upon Thames, pada sebuah upacara baru-baru ini. Untuk merayakan
Penobatan, Kingston upon Thames mengadakan Parade Penobatan pada tanggal 7
Mei di pasar kuno, dimulai dengan parade replika mahkota Raja Athelstan, diikuti oleh
band komunitas yang menampilkan perjalanan Kingston dari masa lalu hingga saat ini.
Nardelli added: "With our strong connection to Britain's royal history, we are
looking forward to coming together with our communities next month to celebrate the
King's Coronation, where Kingston's community spirit will undoubtedly be at the heart of
celebrations."
dengan pengecualian dari " Coronation Quiche " yang baru-baru ini diumumkan, menu
untuk jamuan hari besar Raja Charles III belum diumumkan, tetapi uang pintar
mengatakan itu tidak akan dimulai dengan semangkuk Brown Windsor Soup yang
mengepul. Buku masak dan acara TV, koki selebritas, dan gastronom meja tinggi
mengatakan bahwa Brown Windsor Soup – kaldu berbahan dasar daging yang lezat,
seringkali dengan tambahan sayuran akar, yang telah lama memegang peran aneh
dalam jiwa nasional – adalah makanan pembuka pilihan untuk Raja dan ratu Inggris,
pangeran dan putri selama beberapa abad.
One popular recipe-driven website describes the concoction as "the very soup
reputed to have built the British Empire and one that was oh-so-fashionable in Victorian
and Edwardian times", adding: "Queen Victoria was particularly fond of it, and it
regularly appeared on state banquet menus." A history blog, meanwhile, claims that in
1918, during World War One, the British royal family dumped their name of Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha for that of the dun-hued dish – rather than for the Thames-side town that
is home to the 11th-Century royal residence of Windsor Castle – in a bid to fend off
anti-German sentiment. With the forelock-tugging masses taking their cue from the
royals, comforting Brown Windsor Soup had by then become the go-to British soup for
the common people, and it wore that crown until at least the 1940s, and possibly into
the '80s, ladled out lavishly in loving homes and seaside hotels, and invariably featuring
on the menu in richly upholstered British Railways dining cars. Or so the story goes.
But then, as with all culinary trends, the once-voguish dish fell out of favour. In
the make-do years of rationing after World War Two, as its recipe degenerated with the
scarcity of quality ingredients, Brown Windsor Soup came to be seen as an
unappetising slop of puréed leftovers and cheap gravy granules – and only fit for seen-
better-days boarding houses and penny-pinching minor schools.
It's a colourful riches-to-rags tale, but even minimal research reveals it is likely a tall
one, with experts in British culinary history arguing that the origin story of BWS is …
well, almost certainly BS.
Tapi kemudian, seperti halnya semua tren kuliner, hidangan yang dulu populer
itu tidak disukai lagi . Pada tahun-tahun penjatahan setelah Perang Dunia Kedua,
karena resepnya merosot dengan kelangkaan bahan-bahan berkualitas, Brown Windsor
Soup dipandang sebagai sisa makanan bubur yang tidak menggugah selera dan
butiran kuah yang murah – dan hanya cocok untuk terlihat lebih baik -hari asrama dan
sekolah kecil penny-pinching. Ini adalah kisah kaya-ke-kain yang penuh warna , tetapi
bahkan penelitian minimal mengungkapkan bahwa itu kemungkinan besar, dengan para
ahli dalam sejarah kuliner Inggris berpendapat bahwa kisah asal BWS adalah … yah,
hampir pasti BS.
According to the late food historian Glyn Hughes, founder of the Foods of
England Project that was established to find "the story behind every single traditional
dish", Brown Windsor Soup as the entrée choice of the blue-blooded was always a
myth. In his book The Lost Foods of England (2017), Hughes argued that Brown
Windsor Soup has no aristocratic pedigree at all, and in the era of Queen Victoria – the
soup's alleged and opulent heyday, when its beefy essence was said to be fortified with
Madeira wine from Portugal and other gastronomic exotica (such as quality cuts of
steak and Andalucian sherry) – it likely never existed at all.
Hughes pointed out that Brown Windsor Soup was not included in any of the
celebrated Victorian cookbooks – notably Eliza Acton's Modern Cookery for Private
Families (1845) and Isabella Beeton's Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management
(1861) – nor in any fiction or encyclopaedia of the time. In his research he found no
19th-Century restaurant menus featuring the dish and zero record of it in British
Railways archives.
Hughes menunjukkan bahwa Brown Windsor Soup tidak termasuk dalam salah
satu buku masak terkenal Victoria - terutama Masakan Modern Eliza Acton untuk
Keluarga Pribadi (1845) dan Isabella Beeton's Nyonya Buku Manajemen Rumah
Tangga Beeton (1861) – tidak juga dalam fiksi atau ensiklopedia mana pun pada masa
itu. Dalam penelitiannya, dia tidak menemukan menu restoran abad ke-19 yang
menampilkan hidangan tersebut dan tidak ada catatan tentangnya di arsip British
Railways.
"Nothing, absolutely nothing, has caused more controversy around the Foods of
England Project than the origins of Brown Windsor Soup," wrote Hughes, who believed
the colourful myth of Brown Windsor Soup had swallowed up the more drab – but
quirkier – reality. Hughes did find Brown Windsor Soup included on the menu of a cafe
in a northern England department store in the 1920s, and cans of a dark "Windsor
Soup" were commercially on sale in the 1940s, but he argued in his book that Brown
Windsor Soup was not a dish steeped in history, but a creation of more modern popular
culture.
"Tidak ada, sama sekali tidak ada, yang menyebabkan lebih banyak kontroversi
di sekitar Proyek Makanan Inggris daripada asal-usul Brown Windsor Soup," tulis
Hughes, yang percaya bahwa mitos warna-warni dari Brown Windsor Soup telah
menelan kenyataan yang lebih menjemukan – tetapi lebih unik. Hughes memang
menemukan Brown Windsor Soup termasuk dalam menu sebuah kafe di department
store Inggris utara pada tahun 1920-an, dan kaleng "Windsor Soup" gelap dijual secara
komersial pada tahun 1940-an, tetapi dia berpendapat dalam bukunya bahwa Brown
Windsor Soup bukanlah hidangan yang kental dengan sejarah, tetapi ciptaan budaya
populer yang lebih modern.
Brown Windsor Soup only claimed its place in British culinary consciousness
thanks to references in movies and shows – usually comedy shows – on radio and TV,
quickly becoming a convenient punchline to jokes about lacklustre English gastronomy
and the pretentious, class-conscious affectations of those for whom "Windsor"
suggested elegance and refinement. "Foods of England therefore officially concludes
that Brown Windsor Soup was invented around about 1950 for comedic, not culinary,
purposes," Hughes wrote, "and all other histories of it are complete fantasy."
There can be no doubt that variations of Brown Windsor Soup exist today, with a
recipe in tongue-in-cheek bestseller The Unofficial Harry Potter Cookbook ("Brown
Windsor Soup has a bad reputation, which it deserves… It's hardly fit for human
consumption") and a more "regal" version using sirloin steak and Madeira in The
Unofficial Downton Abbey Cookbook. There is also a spin on the dish on Jamie
Oliver's website that employs "meltingly tender beef", pearl barley, Worcestershire
sauce and Marmite ("Tuck into this hearty and thick beef soup for a proper winter
warmer"). And Michelin-starred chef Tom Kerridge included his Brown Windsor
Soup in a celebratory menu created for the late Queen's 90th birthday in 2016.
Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa variasi Brown Windsor Soup ada saat ini, dengan
resep dalam buku terlaris The Unofficial Harry Potter Cookbook (“Brown Windsor
Soup memiliki reputasi buruk, yang pantas… Hampir tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi
manusia” ) dan versi yang lebih "agung" menggunakan sirloin steak dan Madeira di The
Unofficial Downton Abbey Cookbook . Ada juga putaran pada hidangan di situs web
Jamie Oliver yang menggunakan "daging sapi yang lembut dan meleleh", jelai mutiara,
saus Worcestershire, dan Marmite ("Masukkan ke dalam sup daging sapi yang hangat
dan kental ini untuk penghangat musim dingin yang tepat"). Dan koki berbintang
Michelin Tom Kerridge memasukkan Brown Windsor Soup miliknya dalam menu
perayaan yang dibuat untuk ulang tahun ke-90 mendiang Ratu pada tahun 2016.
British writer Lindsey Bareham, meanwhile, believes Brown Windsor Soup was
"a forebear of the ubiquitous 'brown soup' that was… largely responsible for giving
British soups a bad name" and the dish is "almost extinct now". She argues, however,
that "made properly it is rich and sustaining, rather like liquid stew", and she includes
the recipe for a "good one" in her popular book A Celebration of Soup. So, what really
came first: the myth or the soup? And how did the monarchy get dragged into the mix?
Penulis Inggris Lindsey Bareham , sementara itu, percaya Brown Windsor Soup
adalah "nenek moyang dari 'sup coklat' di mana-mana yang… sebagian besar
bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan nama buruk pada sup Inggris" dan hidangan
tersebut "hampir punah sekarang". Dia berpendapat, bagaimanapun, bahwa "dibuat
dengan benar itu kaya dan berkelanjutan, seperti rebusan cair", dan dia memasukkan
resep untuk "yang enak" dalam buku populernya A Celebration of Soup . Jadi, mana
yang lebih dulu: mitos atau sup? Dan bagaimana monarki terseret ke dalam campuran?
If there is one place where it would surely appear on posh restaurant and
traditional pub menus, that would be Windsor itself, which is one of England's most
touristed spots. But a mini walking tour of the many culinary choices surrounding the
massive, grey-stone castle proves fruitless.
Jika ada satu tempat yang pasti akan muncul di restoran mewah dan menu pub
tradisional, itu adalah Windsor itu sendiri, yang merupakan salah satu tempat paling
banyak dikunjungi turis di Inggris . Tapi tur jalan kaki mini dari banyak pilihan kuliner di
sekitar kastil batu abu-abu yang besar terbukti tidak membuahkan hasil.
The menu at The Royal Windsor pub, which nestles in the shadow of the
castle's imposing keep, includes no soups at all, but contemporary appetisers such as
glazed chicken skewers, crispy coated whitebait and vegetable gyoza. The set menu at
designer-chic venue The Ivy Royal Windsor Brasserie, which is located opposite the
town's landmark statue of Victoria and the castle's Henry VIII Gateway entrance, has
the option to begin with a creamed cauliflower soup; while the more affordable King &
Castle beside the curfew tower makes do with nachos, wings and assorted pub-grub
nibbles.
"Brown Windsor soup has nothing to do with royalty at all," said Marc Meltonville,
a food historian who has acted as a consultant to the UK's Historic Royal Palaces
charity that manages a number of the UK's unoccupied royal residences,
including Hampton Court Palace just a few miles downriver. "There were a couple of
'Windsor' soups in the 19th Century, and there were also brown soups… The brown
soups of the Victorians were really good beef broths. The soups using "Windsor" in
their names were white soups, however, with the first being a creation of Henderson
William Brand, chef to King George IV, who preceded Victoria on the throne, and the
inventor of what would become A1 Sauce. In 1834, Brand published a cookbook
containing a recipe for "Vermicelli Soup, a la Windsor" that employed white meat and
noodles.
"Sup Brown Windsor sama sekali tidak ada hubungannya dengan royalti," kata
Marc Meltonville , seorang sejarawan makanan yang telah bertindak sebagai konsultan
untuk badan amal Istana Kerajaan Bersejarah Inggris yang mengelola sejumlah tempat
tinggal kerajaan Inggris yang tidak berpenghuni, termasuk Hampton Court Palace saja
. beberapa mil ke hilir. "Ada beberapa sup 'Windsor' di abad ke-19, dan ada juga sup
cokelat... Sup cokelat Victoria adalah kaldu sapi yang sangat enak. Sup yang
menggunakan nama 'Windsor' adalah sup putih, namun, dengan yang pertama adalah
ciptaan Henderson William Brand, koki untuk Raja George IV, yang mendahului Victoria
di atas takhta, dan penemu apa yang akan menjadi Saus A1. Pada tahun 1834, Brand
menerbitkan sebuah buku masak yang berisi resep untuk "Sup Bihun, a la Windsor"
yang menggunakan daging putih dan mi.
Eleven years later, in his influential tome The Modern Cook, British-Italian
Charles Elmé Francatelli, who was Victoria's head chef from 1840 to 1842, cooked
up "Calf's Feet Soup, a la Windsor", its pale hue resulting from the ample addition of
cream, chicken, white wine and macaroni. Then, Meltonville continues, in the 20th
Century, the two descriptors – Windsor and brown – were inexplicably "welded
together" to create the name of a soup that had previously not existed. The result
proved less palatable than either.
Sebelas tahun kemudian, dalam buku besarnya yang berpengaruh, The Modern
Cook, Charles Elmé dari Inggris-Italia Francatelli , yang merupakan kepala koki Victoria
dari tahun 1840 hingga 1842, memasak "Calf's Feet Soup, a la Windsor", rona pucatnya
dihasilkan dari tambahan krim, ayam, anggur putih, dan makaroni yang banyak.
Kemudian, Meltonville melanjutkan, pada abad ke-20, dua deskriptor – Windsor dan
Brown – secara misterius "dilas bersama" untuk membuat nama sup yang sebelumnya
tidak ada. Hasilnya terbukti kurang enak dari keduanya.
So where did the name Brown Windsor soup come from? One school of thought
has it that the confusion derived from "Brown Windsor Soap", a luxury personal hygiene
product that was popular in 19th-Century high society, with Victoria said to be a fan (and
Napoleon before her, and Winston Churchill sometime after). Surrealist comic Spike
Milligan was one of the first to see the comedy potential of Brown Windsor Soup, it
seems, with it used more than once as the butt of jokes in The Goon Show – a BBC
radio programme much loved, coincidentally, by the young Prince Charles in the 1950s.
Countless others have run with the gag since then, with Brown Windsor Soup taking a
walk-on role in everything from Hancock's Half Hour and multiple Carry On films to
television's Rumpole of the Bailey and the 2021 BBC series Around the World in 80
Days, among others.
Jadi dari mana nama sup Brown Windsor berasal? Satu aliran pemikiran
mengatakan bahwa kebingungan berasal dari "Brown Windsor Soap ", produk
kebersihan pribadi mewah yang populer di masyarakat kelas atas abad ke-19, dengan
Victoria dikatakan sebagai penggemar (dan Napoleon sebelum dia, dan Winston
Churchill beberapa saat setelahnya). ). Komik surealis Spike Milligan adalah salah satu
orang pertama yang melihat potensi komedi dari Brown Windsor Soup, tampaknya,
dengan itu digunakan lebih dari sekali sebagai bahan lelucon di The Goon Show -
sebuah program radio BBC yang secara kebetulan sangat disukai oleh kaum muda.
Pangeran Charles pada 1950-an. Banyak orang lain yang mengikuti lelucon sejak saat
itu, dengan Brown Windsor Soup mengambil peran langsung dalam segala hal mulai
dari Hancock's Half Hour dan beberapa film Carry On hingga Rumpole of the Bailey
televisi dan serial BBC 2021 Around the World in 80 Days, di antaranya yang lain.
Having been so totally embraced by British popular culture for decades, Hughes
argued that a form of "mass hallucination" had come to pass, with many people's
personal memories of the soup being false. And yet a huge number of British folk insist
they remember the soup, frequently with shivers of dread but also occasionally with
nostalgic affection.
Menulis di surat kabar Mail on Sunday pada tahun 2010, kolumnis Peter
Hitchens ingat pernah ditawari makan di kereta api antara York dan London "di akhir
tahun 1970-an". Tak lama setelah pukul 09:00 dan makanan yang disodorkan dimulai
"dengan Brown Windsor Soup, dilanjutkan dengan domba panggang dan diakhiri
dengan keju dan biskuit," tulis Hitchens. "Ketika saya dengan bercanda mengatakan
bahwa ini adalah sarapan yang sangat aneh, seorang pramugara yang marah...
menyuruh saya keluar dari gerbong makan."
And writing in The Spectator magazine just last year under the headline "Make
rail travel great again", Hitchens suggested that Eurostar should include "a proper
dining car" on its trains, where passengers might "subside into deep seats" to be
"served Brown Windsor Soup followed by delicious railway fish and then perhaps apple
pie". The Brown Windsor Soup association with train travel runs deep in the British
psyche, despite the fact that Hughes found no record of it in British Railways archives,
with soups rarely served on bouncing, lurching trains for obvious reasons.
Dan menulis di majalah The Spectator tahun lalu di bawah tajuk " Jadikan
perjalanan kereta api hebat lagi ", Hitchens menyarankan agar Eurostar memasukkan
"gerbong makan yang layak" di keretanya, di mana penumpang mungkin "merosot ke
kursi yang dalam" untuk "dilayani Brown Sup Windsor diikuti oleh ikan kereta api yang
lezat dan kemudian mungkin pai apel". Asosiasi Brown Windsor Soup dengan
perjalanan kereta api berjalan jauh di dalam jiwa Inggris, terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa
Hughes tidak menemukan catatannya di arsip British Railways, dengan sup jarang
disajikan di kereta yang memantul dan meluncur karena alasan yang jelas.
In the 1994 TV adaptation of Agatha Christie's novel Hercule Poirot's
Christmas, the fussy Belgian detective is on a train journey and he is hungry. Of the
attendant in the dining car he asks, "Please tell me, what is this Brown Windsor Soup?"
To which he is told, "Well sir, it is soup. From Windsor." On being served his requested
dish, Poirot is shocked. "But it does not look very délicieux," he said with
disappointment. "Well, it is Brown Windsor Soup," comes the passionless reply. (It
should be noted that no such scene appears in Christie's original 1938 novel.)
Dalam adaptasi TV 1994 dari novel Hercule karya Agatha Christie Natal Poirot ,
detektif Belgia yang cerewet sedang dalam perjalanan kereta api dan dia lapar. Tentang
petugas di gerbong makan dia bertanya, "Tolong beri tahu saya, apa ini Brown Windsor
Soup?" Di mana dia diberitahu, "Tuan, ini sup. Dari Windsor." Saat disajikan hidangan
yang dimintanya, Poirot terkejut. "Tapi kelihatannya tidak terlalu enak ," katanya
kecewa. "Yah, ini Brown Windsor Soup," jawabnya tanpa gairah. (Perlu dicatat bahwa
tidak ada adegan seperti itu yang muncul dalam novel asli Christie tahun 1938.)
"The 'Windsor' thing is a bit of a joke, really – a nuisance," Meltonville said of the
label. "A chef can take a recipe that already exists, add one new ingredient and then put
a spin on it by adding 'Windsor' or 'coronation' to its name – or 'Buckingham',
suggesting it was made in Buckingham Palace." And looking ahead to King Charles'
coronation, the historian adds: "I'll be interested to see what dish is given 'à la royale'.
There will be something à la royale, I'm sure of it."
Menurut menu yang ditemukan online dan konon berasal dari jamuan penobatan
Ratu Victoria pada tahun 1838, makanan mewah itu dimulai dengan sup penyu hijau,
dan meskipun dia memimpin banyak jamuan selama masa pemerintahannya selama
hampir 64 tahun, Brown Windsor Soup tampaknya tidak muncul. pada menu yang
bertahan. Sup nasi, sup telur berulir, sup pangsit ayam, kaldu ayam yang dikentalkan
dengan tapioka… banyak sup lainnya menghiasi meja Victoria selama bertahun-tahun,
tetapi Brown Windsor Soup tidak pernah berhasil. Itu bahkan tidak disajikan pada
makan siang untuk pemakamannya di Windsor pada tanggal 2 Februari 1901.
Kehormatan itu diberikan kepada consommé à la doria - sup permainan dengan truffle
putih dari Piedmont.
All the evidence, in fact, suggests that while food might be an integral part of
royal and state events, monarchs of recent centuries have not been especially fussy
about the fodder served up to them, even for their once-in-a-regal-lifetime coronation
feasts, with Victoria appearing especially indifferent. "Queen Victoria cared so little
about her coronation banquet," Meltonville said, "that in her diary she wrote all about the
actual coronation, the things that went wrong, who fell over – including one bishop –
what everyone wore, and then at the end she simply writes, 'And we dined at eight.'"
Seven people have been killed in the US state of Texas after a car struck a group at a
bus stop close to a shelter for the homeless and migrants.
Tujuh orang tewas di negara bagian Texas, AS, setelah sebuah mobil menabrak
sekelompok orang di halte bus dekat tempat penampungan tunawisma dan migran.
Tata Steel has warned that the finances of its UK business face "material
uncertainty" given market conditions and the level of government support.
In July last year, Tata Steel said it would make a decision over
the future of the its UK business in the next 12 months.One
uncertainty hanging over Tata Steel UK is what level of help it could
get from the government. The company is still in talks with the UK
government over support to switch away from existing steelmaking
processes to ones that emit less carbon. Currently natural gas helps
heat the blast furnaces and carbon, in the form of coke, is used to
make iron as part of the steel-making process.
Mantan kepala petugas keamanan Uber telah menghindari penjara dan dijatuhi
hukuman percobaan tiga tahun karena menutupi serangan dunia maya dari pihak
berwenang.
According to the Wall Street Journal, judge William Orrick said he was
showing Sullivan leniency partly because this was the first case of its
kind, but also because of his character."If there are more, people
should expect to spend time in custody, regardless of anything, and I
hope everybody here recognises that," he said.
Menurut Wall Street Journal, hakim William Orrick mengatakan dia memberikan
keringanan hukuman kepada Sullivan sebagian karena ini adalah kasus pertama dari
jenisnya, tetapi juga karena karakternya . apa pun, dan saya berharap
semua orang di sini mengakui itu," katanya.
On the windy roof of a Burger King in Malmö, southern Sweden, Maggad Khalidy
points to a large metal box attached to a jungle of pipes and wires.
Di atap Burger King yang berangin di Malmö, Swedia selatan, Maggad Khalidy
menunjuk ke sebuah kotak logam besar yang menempel di hutan pipa dan kabel.
Dari luar, ini jauh dari inovasi yang menarik, tetapi Tn Khalidy ,
pemilik waralaba makanan cepat saji yang menjalankan restoran ini,
mengatakan telah menghemat biaya tagihan pemanas di cabang
tersebut setara dengan sekitar $16.000 (£13.000 ) per tahun .
Perusahaan rintisan Malmö bernama Enjay . Itu melihat celah di pasar
untuk memulihkan energi dari asap dapur, dan menggunakannya untuk
memanaskan area lain di dalam gedung restoran - membantu
memotong tagihan untuk pemanasan konvensional, dan mengurangi
emisi dalam prosesnya.
Matt Manfield, facilities manager for Turtle Bay in the UK, says
he was "blown away" by the concept, after seeing the results of
Enjay's trials in Sweden. "We were looking at ways in which we could
reduce our costs and become more sustainable, and this was at the
forefront of what we'd found." Heat exchange systems that transfer
warmth from one part of a building to another are already common in
many industries, but recovering energy from industrial kitchens is
challenging, explains Arne Speerfork, a professor specialising in
thermodynamics at Hamburg University of Technology.
The hot air in kitchens is full of grease and soot particles which "stick
on the surface" of traditional heat exchange technologies and make it
difficult to recover heat.
As a result, the hot air produced during cooking processes is usually
simply vented straight out of restaurant buildings.
Matt Manfield , manajer fasilitas Turtle Bay di Inggris,
mengatakan dia "terpesona" oleh konsep tersebut, setelah melihat
hasil uji coba Enjay di Swedia. "Kami sedang mencari cara di mana
kami dapat mengurangi biaya dan menjadi lebih berkelanjutan, dan ini
adalah yang terdepan dari apa yang kami temukan." Sistem pertukaran
panas yang mentransfer kehangatan dari satu bagian bangunan ke
bagian lain sudah umum di banyak industri, tetapi memulihkan energi
dari dapur industri itu menantang, jelas Arne Speerfork , profesor
spesialis termodinamika di Universitas Teknologi Hamburg. Udara
panas di dapur penuh dengan partikel lemak dan jelaga yang
"menempel di permukaan" teknologi pertukaran panas tradisional dan
mempersulit pemulihan panas. Akibatnya, udara panas yang dihasilkan
selama proses memasak biasanya langsung dibuang begitu saja dari
bangunan restoran.
The British public is refusing to let typical bank holiday weather spoil its
Coronation plans and is gearing up for street parties and family celebrations.
Publik Inggris menolak untuk membiarkan cuaca liburan bank yang khas merusak
rencana Penobatannya dan bersiap untuk pesta jalanan dan perayaan keluarga.
Around £200m will be spent on food and drink this weekend, according to the Centre for
Retail Research (CRR). Supermarket chain Lidl said it had sold enough bunting to line the
Coronation procession route 75 times over. Party products and traditional British fayre are in
high demand and brands are offering royal-themed ranges. Overall the CRR expects
consumers to add more than £1.4bn to the UK economy over the long
weekend.
Tesco said it was on track to sell 675,000 pork pies and 300,000 pots
of clotted cream.
Sales of quiches, the King's chosen Coronation dish, have leapt across
the country - Aldi said it was selling more than 30 every minute and
Waitrose said it had seen an increase of 25% in the last week. Scones
too are flying off the shelves - at Aldi they are up a massive 150%,
Tesco expected to sell 600,000. Dozens of products from pork pies and
golden syrup to gin and elderflower cordial have gone purple and gold
or tweaked their branding to feature Buckingham Palace, crowns and
bunting. Ikea is offering a coronation chicken flavour sauce on its
famous meatballs.
Sekitar £200 juta akan dihabiskan untuk makanan dan minuman akhir pekan ini, menurut
Center for Retail Research (CRR). Jaringan supermarket Lidl mengatakan telah menjual cukup
banyak bunting untuk melapisi rute prosesi Penobatan sebanyak 75 kali lipat. Produk pesta dan
fayre tradisional Inggris sangat diminati dan merek-merek menawarkan koleksi bertema
kerajaan. Secara keseluruhan CRR mengharapkan konsumen untuk
menambahkan lebih dari £1,4 miliar ke ekonomi Inggris selama akhir
pekan yang panjang.
Tesco mengatakan berada di jalur yang tepat untuk menjual 675.000
pai babi dan 300.000 pot krim beku. Penjualan quiches, hidangan
Coronation pilihan Raja, telah melonjak di seluruh negeri - Aldi
mengatakan terjual lebih dari 30 setiap menit dan Waitrose
mengatakan telah melihat peningkatan sebesar 25% dalam seminggu
terakhir. Scone juga terbang dari rak - di Aldi harganya naik 150%,
Tesco diperkirakan akan menjual 600.000. Lusinan produk dari pai
babi dan sirup emas hingga gin dan minuman bunga elder telah
berubah menjadi ungu dan emas atau mengubah merek mereka untuk
menampilkan Istana Buckingham, mahkota, dan bendera. Ikea
menawarkan saus rasa ayam penobatan pada bakso terkenalnya.