Name: _JERICHO M.

GALAM Score: ___________

Course & Year: _BSCE-CEM 1B Date: DEC.24.2023

Final Examination in Mathematics in the Modern World

GE 4 – MMW

Solve the following problems. Goodluck.

1. Fifty people were asked to rank their preferences of five varieties of chocolate candy, using 1
for their most favorite and 5 for their least favorite. This type of choices is called a
preferences schedule. The results are shown in the table below.

Chocolate
Rankings
Candy
Caramel 5 4 4 4 2 4
Vanilla 1 5 5 5 5 5
Almond 2 3 2 1 3 3
Coffee 4 1 1 3 4 2
Cocoa 3 2 3 2 1 1
Number of
17 11 9 8 3 2
Votes

According to this table, which variety would win in the following voting system:
a. Plurality voting

Plurality voting is a system where the winner is the candidate (or in this case,
the chocolate candy variety) with the most number of first-place votes. In this
case, the Caramel chocolate candy has the most first-place votes, with 4
votes. Therefore, Caramel would win under the plurality voting system.

b. Plurality elimination method

In the first round, Vanilla has the fewest first-place votes and is eliminated. The remaining
votes are then redistributed as follows:
Caramel: +1 vote (from Vanilla)
Almond: +1 vote (from Vanilla)
Coffee: +1 vote (from Vanilla)
Cocoa: +1 vote (from Vanilla)
After the redistribution, Caramel still has the most votes, 5. Therefore, Caramel would win
under the plurality elimination method.

c. Borda count method

Caramel: 5 (1st) +4 (2nd) +2 (3rd) +1 (4th) = 12 points

Vanilla: 1 (5th) +5 (4th) +5 (3rd) +5 (2nd) = 16 points
Almond: 2 (3rd) +3 (4th) +3 (1st) + 1 (5th) = 9 points
Coffee: 4 (2nd) + 1 (5th) +1 (5th) +2 (3rd) = 8 points
Cocoa: 3 (1st) +2 (2nd) +2 (4th) +3 (5th) = 10 points
Vanilla has the most points, 16, making it the winner under the Borda count method.
 d. Pairwise comparison method.

Caramel vs. Vanilla: Caramel wins (4 votes to 1)

Caramel vs. Almond: Caramel wins (4 votes to 1)
Caramel vs. Coffee: Caramel wins (4 votes to 1)
Caramel vs. Cocoa: Caramel wins (4 votes to 1)
Vanilla vs. Almond: Vanilla wins (4 votes to 1)
Vanilla vs. Coffee: Vanilla wins (4 votes to 1)
Vanilla vs, Cocoa: Vanilla wins (4 votes to 1)
Almond vs. Coffee: Almond wins (2 votes to 1)
Almond vs. Cocoa: Almond wins (2 votes to 1)
After the pairwise comparisons, Caramel has the most wins, 7. Therefore, Caramel will
win under the pairwise comparison method.

2. Consider a small country with states, two of which are much larger than the others. We need
to apportion 70 representatives. Find the required apportionment using both Webster’s
method and the Huntington-Hill method.

State Population
A 300,500
B 200,000
C 50,000
D 38,000
E 21,500

Using Webster’s method:

.Calculate the Standard Divisor (SD):
SD = Total Population = 300,500+200,000+50,000+38,000+21,500
Total Number of Representatives 70

= 670,000 = 8714.29
70
Calculate the Quotas (Q) for each state:
Round the Quotas to the nearest whole number:
 QA = 300,500 = 34.53
QA =35
8714.29
 QB = 200,000 =22.95 QB =23
8714.29
 QC = 50,000 =5.74
QC= 6
8714.29
 QD = 38,000 =4.37 QD = 4
8714.29
QE= 2
 QE = 21,500 = 2.47

8714.29
 Using Huntington-Hill Method:

Calculate the Lower Quotas (LQ) for each state:

LQi=√𝑄𝑖 𝑥 (𝑄𝑖 + 1)

LQA =√35 𝑥 36 = 35.98

LQB =√23 𝑥 24 = 23.97

LQC =√6 𝑥 7 = 6.71

LQD =√4 𝑥 5 = 4.47

LQE =√2 𝑥 3 = 2.45

Calculate the Upper Quotas (UQ) for each state:

UQi =√(𝑄𝑖 + 1)𝑥(𝑄𝑖 + 2)

UQA =√35 𝑥 36 = 36.99
UQB =√24 𝑥 25 = 24.99
UQC =√7 𝑥 8 = 7.48

UQD =√5𝑥6 = 5.48

UQE =√3 𝑥4 = 3.46

Calculate the Modified Divisor (MD):

MD =√𝑆𝐷 𝑥 (𝑆𝐷 + 1)

MD =√8714.29 𝑥 (8714.29 + 1) = 8715.12

Calculate the Modified Quotas (MQ) for each state:

MQi = LQi +UQi
2

MQA = 35.98+36.99 = 36.49 = 36

2

MQB = 23.97+24.99 = 24.48 = 24

2

MQC = 6.71+7.4 = 7.09 = 7

2

MQD = 4.47+5.48 = 4.98 = 5

2

MQE = 2.45+3.46 = 2.95 = 3

2
GRAPH 1 -2 chromatic number
GRAPH 2- 3 chromatic number
GRAPH 3 -4 chromatic number
GRAPH 4 -5 chromatic number
GRAPH 5- 3 chromatic number

Use the Caesar cipher to encrypt the following messages:

(SHIFT BY 3)

a. SAVE OUR MOTHER EARTH - VDYH RXU PRWKHU HDUWK

b. MATHEMATICS IS VERY INTERESTING - PDWKHPDWLFV LV YHUB LQWHUHVWLQJ
c. EDUCATION IS IMPORTANT - HGXFDWLRQ LV LPSRUWDQW

4. Decrypt the following messages which were encrypted using the Caesar cipher:
a. VWXGBKDUGHU - STUDYHARDER
b. EHKRQHVWDOOWKHWLPH - BEHONESTALLTHETIME
c. UHVSHFWWKHHOGHUOB - RESPECTTHEELDERLY
d. ORYHIRUFRXQWUB - LOVEFORCOUNTRY

5. Draw the lines of Symmetry for the following shapes.

NO LINE OF
SYMMETRY
 6. Assume the dotted line to be the mirror. Draw what would be seen in the mirror if the image
in front is given.

Note:

Take a photo of your answer / solution in pdf and send it to oscarcbarawid@gmail.com

Prepared by:

OSCAR C. BARAWID JR., M.E., Ph.D. Professor

V