Module 3b: Circles and coordinate geometry

By the end of this module, the students must be able to:

üDerive and understand the equation of the circle
üDetermine the equation of circles
üDetermine the center and radius of circles

This module has 4 sessions (Apr 11, 12, 13, and 18) and a Summative
Assessment on (Apr 20)
Equation of a Circle

For relevant progress in this module, you should be able to

do the following as you go through this lesson.

• Recall concepts of cartesian plane, right triangles and

distance formula.
• Incorporate previous theorems discussed on circles.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Pythagorean Theorem states that for any right angled
triangle, the square of the hypotenuse ( 𝑐 ) is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other sides (𝑎 and 𝑏).

a 2
c = a +b 2 2

c
Note:
The side opposite the right

b angle is the hypotenuse (the

longest side of the right
triangle)
Determine the length of the given horizontal segments.

How can you compute the

2,4
2 length of a horizontal
4,4
segment?
4
0,0 4,0
Subtract the 𝑥-coordinates
−5, −3
−1, −3 of the endpoints, that is,
4
𝑥! − 𝑥"
Determine the length of the given vertical segments.

0,5
4,6
How can you compute the
4 length of a vertical segment?
−5,2
5
4,2

5
0,0 Subtract the 𝑦-coordinates
of the endpoints, that is,
−5, −3 𝑦! − 𝑦"
Determine the length of the given diagonal segments.

A 3,4
! ! !
𝐴𝐵 = 4 + 3 𝐴𝐵 ! = 5! + 4!
AB = 16 + 9 = 25 AB = 25 + 16 A 0,2
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓 =4−0 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒𝟏
=4
B 0,0
= 3 − 0 3, 0 = 2 − (−3)
=3 =5
0, −3
= 4 − B0 4, −3
=4
Determine the length of the given horizontal segments.

A 𝑥% , 𝑦%
𝐴𝐵 ( = 𝑥) − 𝑥( ( + 𝑦) − 𝑦( (

𝑦! − 𝑦" 𝐀𝐁 = 𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 𝟐

𝑥% , 𝑦&
𝑥! − 𝑥" B 𝑥& , 𝑦&
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
We can derive the Distance Formula using the
Pythagorean Theorem, and it is given by

𝑨𝑩 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

where 𝑨(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) and 𝑩(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 )

Notes:
• A and B are the endpoints of the segment AB.
•The Distance formula can be used to prove different facts from geometry
(example:Three points are collinear if the distance of two points is equal to
the sum of the distances of the other two pairs of points.)
Given the graph of the circle, what is its equation in standard
form?
What is the center of the circle?
(𝟎, 𝟎)

What is the radius of the circle?

𝟕

What is the equation of the circle?

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
Given the graph of the circle, what is its equation in standard
form?
What is the center of the circle?

(𝟐, −𝟓)

What is the radius of the circle?

What is the equation of the circle?

(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 +(𝒚 + 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

Given the graph of the circle, what is its equation in standard form?

What is the center of the circle?

(−𝟑, 𝟏)

What is the radius of the circle?

𝟑

What is the equation of the circle?

(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 +(𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟗

MATCHING TYPE: (𝑥 − ℎ)" + (𝑦 − 𝑘)" = 𝑟 "
What is the center and radius of the following equations of circles?
1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 ? 𝑨. (−𝟏, – 𝟏) 𝒓 = 𝟐

2. (𝑥 – 1)" + (𝑦 + 1)" = 4 ? 𝑩. (𝟎, 𝟎) 𝒓 = 𝟏

3. (𝑥 + 1)" + 𝑦2 = 4 ? 𝑪. (𝟎, 𝟏) 𝒓 = 𝟐

4. 𝑥2 + (𝑦 – 1) " = 2 ? 𝑫. (– 𝟏, 𝟎) 𝒓 = 𝟐

5. (𝑥 + 1) " + (𝑦 + 1) " = 4 ? 𝑬. (𝟏, – 𝟏) 𝒓 = 𝟐

TABLE COMPLETION: (𝑥 − ℎ)" + (𝑦 − 𝑘)" = 𝑟 "
Fill in the missing center, radius or the equation of the circle?

?
(0,0) ?
4
?
(−5,0)
?
3(
2
? (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝒚 − 𝟏 𝟐
= 𝟐𝟓
? 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚 + 𝟑 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐