The reinforced concrete beam shown below is to carry a uniform distributed dead load

of 40 kN/m (including self weight) and UD live load of 30 kN/m. Use fc' =25 Mpa
a) using Y 12 stirrups, calculate the spacing at the most critical section
b) At what distance from support is shear reinforcement no longer needed?
c) At what distance from support does the minimum shear reinforcement govern shear
design
d) Show the details of shear reinforcement for the whole beam and show stirrups spacings
on a beam elevation

Strength reduction factor 0.75

WD 40 kN/m
WL 30 kN/m
fc' 25 Mpa
fy 420 MPa
Ast 6Y 28
Asc 2Y 16
Asv Y 12 2legs
Cover 40 mm Assume
D 500 mm
L 6m
bf 1500 mm
tf 100 mm
bw 300 mm
28
d 406 mm = 500 − 40 − 12 − 28 − =
28 2
𝑑0 434 mm = 500 − 40 − 12 − =
2
A)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿 = 1.2𝑥40 + 1.6𝑥30 = 96 kN/m
𝑊𝑢 𝐿 96 𝑥6
𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 288 kN
2 2
Shear at critical section is at distance d from support face
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑉𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑥𝑑 = 288 − 96𝑥0.406 = 249.1 kN
Here we can determine Vu at any point (V @ 2m)=288-96x2.0)= 96 kN
(V @ 4m)=288-96x4)= -96 kN (V @ 5m)= -192 kN
Also from this V value, we can calculate S for each V value (using Vs eq.)
Now check the section adequacy for web crushing
𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.2 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑 = 0.2𝑥25𝑥300𝑥406𝑥10−3 = 609 kN
∅𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑥609 = 456.75 kN

∅𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 456.75 𝑘𝑁 ≥ 𝑉𝑢 = 249.1 𝑘𝑁

ΦVcmax > Vu => Section dimension adequate for shear

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.17𝑥 25 𝑥300𝑥406𝑥10−3 = 103.5 kN

𝑉𝑐 ≤ 0.29 25𝑥300𝑥406 = 176.61 kN
⇒ 𝑉𝑐 = 103.5 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 176.61 kN O.K

Or we can use the detailed approach

𝑉𝑢 𝑑 𝑉𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 0.16 𝑓𝑐 ′ + 17𝜌𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≤ 0.29 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 , ≤1
𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢
𝑉𝑢 𝑑 249.1𝑥0.406
= 2 = 0.23411 < 1
𝜋 2
𝑀𝑢 96𝑥6 𝐴𝑠𝑡 6𝑥 4 28
8 𝜌𝑤 = = = 0.03033
𝑏𝑑 300𝑥406
𝑉𝑐 = 0.16 25 + 17𝑥0.03033𝑥0.23411 300𝑥406/1000
≤ 0.29 25𝑥300𝑥406
⇒ 𝑉𝑐 = 112.144 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 176.61 kN O.K
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.75𝑥103.5 = 77.6 kN
0.5𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 0.5𝑥77.6 = 38.8 kN
Vu > 0.5 ΦVc .
Vu > ΦVc & Vu> 0.5ΦVc => shear reinforcement is required (more than min shear reinf.)
𝑉 249.1
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = > 𝑉𝑛 = 𝑢 = = 332.2 kN
𝜙 0.75
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠 ⇒ 332.2 = 103.5 + 𝑉𝑠 ⇒ 𝑉𝑠 = 228.7 kN

≤ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝒇𝒄′ 𝒃𝒘 𝒅 = 401.94 kN Vs < 0.66 √fc'bd => O.K

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑑
𝑆
𝜋 𝜋
𝐴𝑣 = 𝑛 𝐷2 = 2𝑥 122 = 226.1 mm²
4 4
In case we need to calculte 𝑉𝑢 − ∅𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜃𝑣 = 300 + 150
∅𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − ∅𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑖𝑛
∅𝑉𝑐 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.75 𝑉𝐶 + 0.6𝑏𝑣 𝑑 = 0.75 103.5 + 0.6𝑥300𝑥406𝑥10−3 = 132.4 kN
249.1 − 132.4
⇒ 𝜃𝑣 = 300 + 150 = 35.4 ⇒ cot 35.4 = 1.40714
456.75 − 132.4
226.1𝑥420𝑥1.4
⇒𝑆= 𝑥406 = 237 mm
228.7𝑥103
226.1𝑥420
⇒𝑆= 𝑥406 = 168 mm
228.7𝑥103
𝒅
𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝒐𝒇 ( , 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎)
𝟐
𝒅
When 𝑽𝒔 > 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑 𝒇𝒄′𝒃𝒘 𝒅 ⇒ 𝑺 = 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒇 ( , 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎) 𝟒
−3
0.33 25𝑥300𝑥406𝑥10 = 200.97 kN
Vs > 0.33(fc')^0.5 bd => Smax min( d/4, 300)
=> Smax = min 168 mm 101.5 mm 300 mm
=> S = 100 mm
∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒀 𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒔 @ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
b) Shear reinforcement in no longer needed in regions where Vu ≤ 0.5 ΦVc

288 38.8
= ⇒𝑥= 404 mm
3000 𝑥
Shar reinf. is not req. at distance from the support face =3000-404= 2596 mm
c) Shear reinforcement is governed by the minimum in regions where ΦVc ≥Vu> 0.5 ΦVc
 288 77.6
= ⇒𝑥= 808 mm
3000 𝑥
Min shear reinf. governs at distance from the support face =3000-808= 2192 mm
to 2596 mm

d) Shear reinforcement detailing

1. From the support face to point 2192 mm Use Y12@ 100 mm
2. From 2192 mm to 2596 mm Use Av min

𝐴𝑣.𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝐴𝑣.𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦𝑡

𝑆= ≤
0.062 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 0.35 𝑏𝑤

226.1𝑥420 226.1𝑥420
𝑆= ≤
0.062 25𝑥300 0.35 𝑥300

𝑆= 1021.1 𝑚𝑚 ≥ 904.4 mm Not O.K => Use right hand

Smax = min d/2 600 mm

=> Smax = min 904.4 mm 203 mm 600 mm
=> S = 200 mm
∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝒀 𝟏𝟐 𝑼 @ 200 𝒎𝒎

3. From 2596 mm to beam center line, no shear reinf. Is required

Note: It is a good practice to extend minimum shear reinforcement to cover the central part
of the beam as well

Detailing of shear reinforcement