 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

:‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

0
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 W،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
?   ?   J‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
١ 
٢  ‫א‬
٧ 
١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٢ ‫א‬١{١
١٦ ‫א‬1.2
١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬1.2.1

١٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.2.1.1
١٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.2.1.2
٢٠  ‫א‬1.2.1.3
٢١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.3
٢٢ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.3.1
٢٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.I

٣٠ ‫א‬.II

٣٣ ‫א‬‫א‬.III

٣٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٣{٢

٣٧ ‫א‬.I

٤٠ ‫א‬‫א‬.II

٤٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٤
٤٥ ١{٥
٥١ ‫א‬‫א‬
 

2
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٥٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٥٥  ‫א‬٢{١
٥٥ ‫א‬٢{١{١
٥٧  ‫א‬‫א‬٢{١{٢
٥٩ ‫א‬٢{١{٣

٦١ E‫א‬F‫א‬٢{١{٤

٦٣ ‫א‬٢{١{٥
٦٦ ‫א‬‫א‬٢{١{٦
٦٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٢
٧٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٢{١
٧٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.I

٧٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.II

٧٨ ‫א‬٢{٢{٢
٨٢ ‫א‬٢{٢{٣
٨٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٢{٤
٨٧ ‫א‬٢{٢{٥
٩٢  ‫א‬٢{٢{٦
٩٥  ‫א‬٢{٢{٧
٩٧  ‫א‬٢{٢{٨
٩٨  ٢{٣
١٠١  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

3
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٠٤ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٥ ‫א‬‫א‬٣{١
١٠٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{١{١

١٠٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{١{٢

١١١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{١{٣

١١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٢

١١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{١

١١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٢

١١٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٣
١١٩ ‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٣{١

١٢٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٣{٢

١٢٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٧ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٧ ‫א‬‫א‬٤{١
١٢٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{١{١

١٣١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{١{٢

١٣٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤{٢

١٣٦  ٤{٣
١٣٦  ‫א‬‫א‬٤{٣{١
١٣٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{٣{٢
١٣٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

4
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٤١  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢ 
١٤٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥{١
١٤٥ ‫א‬٥{٢

١٤٨ ‫א‬ ٥{٣

١٤٨ ‫א‬٥{٣{١

١٤٩ ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{١{١

١٥١  ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{١{٢

١٥٦ ‫א‬٥{٣{٢

١٥٦ ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{٢{١

١٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{٢{٢

١٦٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{٣

١٦٧ ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٤
١٦٨  ‫א‬٥{٤{١

١٦٨  ‫א‬٥{٤{١{١

١٧٠  ‫א‬٥{٤{١{٢

١٧١  ‫א‬٥{٤{١{٣

١٧٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

5
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٧٦ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٧٧  W
١٧٨ ‫א‬‫א‬٦{١
١٧٨  ‫א‬٦{١{١

١٨١ ‫א‬٦{١{٢

١٨٣ ‫א‬٦{١{٢{١
١٨٤ ‫א‬٦{١{٣

١٨٤ ‫א‬٦{١{٣{١

١٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢
١٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢{١

١٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢{١{١

١٩٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦{٢{١{٢

١٩١  ‫א‬K٦{٢{١{٣

١٩٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦{٢{٢

١٩٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  

6
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
     ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،UPS‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 

8
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥

  

9
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

10
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 
 
 
 
 
 

11
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬١{١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٤٨‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٥٨‫א‬‫א‬K١٩٥٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  PowerElectronic Circuits‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Semiconductors)‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 Uncontrolled& controlled Rectifiers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 AC Voltage ControllersK‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 DCChoppersK‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 Inverters.‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

12
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Uncontrolled Rectifiers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K1-1)(‫א‬‫א‬(Diode)‫א‬‫א‬

 .‫א‬‫א‬(1-1)‫א‬
Controlled RectifiersK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K(2-1)(Thyristor)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ..Controlled Rectifier‫א‬‫(א‬٢ J١)‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

13
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

AC Voltage ControllersK‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(٣-١)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Triac)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.‫א‬‫א‬ (٣-١)‫א‬
 AC Voltage Controller.
 

DC Choppers‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(٤-١)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Transistor)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

.DC Chopper.‫א‬‫א‬ (٤ -١)‫א‬

 

14
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Inverters    ‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(٥-١)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KUPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.Inverter. (٥ -١)‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

15
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Power Electronic Elements ‫א‬ K١{٢

 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
    K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4 ‫א‬ 5 kV
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KkA
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Power Diode‫א‬‫א‬ .١٫٢٫١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 K(Freewheeling diode)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EP-NF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PN
A(Anode)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٦ J١FK(Cathode)‫א‬
 KE٦ J١F‫א‬

EF EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J١F‫א‬

16
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬A‫א‬
،E٧ J١F(Forward Bias)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K1.2V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، K ‫א‬ A‫א‬
 ‫א‬(Reverse Bias)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(LeakageCurrent)‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVBRF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J١F،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF

K‫א‬‫א‬E7-1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 

17
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬،(Practical)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(8-1)
‫א‬‫א‬(Ideal) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(9-1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(IA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9-1F‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8-1F‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 General Purpose Diode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 Fast Recovery Diode‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  Schottky Diode‫א‬ J٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

18
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 General Purpose Diode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١{٢{١{١

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1kHz
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25µs ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K3kA‫א‬‫א‬5kV‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10-1FK 300A1kv‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 .EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10-1F‫א‬
 

 Fast Recovery Diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١{٢{١{٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5µs
‫א‬‫א‬ 3kV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1kA
‫א‬‫א‬(11-1) K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 
 

19
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 .‫א‬‫א‬E11-1F‫א‬

 Diode Schottky ‫א‬ ١{٢{١{٣

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬P-N‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
   P-N ‫א‬         ،P-N ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E12-1F
  (Voltage Blocking) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
،300A،200 v‫א‬
‫א‬E13-1FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

.‫א‬E12-1F‫א‬

20
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬E13-1F‫א‬

 Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١{٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
KEF‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،1.2v‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

21
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 .Single-phase Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١{٣{١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،
K(Bridge Rectifier)‫א‬(Center-tap-Rectifier)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 The Single-phase Half-wave Rectifier‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬KI

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(DC Component)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E14-1F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

22
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14-1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

23
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

v t V sin ω. t 1-1

‫א‬‫א‬3π 2π،π0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
v t V sin ω. t
i t 2-1
R R
‫א‬ vs(t)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE14-1FV L(t) ‫א‬
4π3π،2ππ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14-1F

v t v t v t 3-1

، (t)VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Peak Inverse Voltage-
 KPIV)
KACDCE‫א‬F‫א‬
Vav‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DC
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

24
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
1
V V sin ω. t d ω. t 4-1
2 π

V
V 0.318 V 5-1
π

 W‫א‬‫א‬Iav‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
V V
I 6-1
R π R
 W‫א‬‫א‬(Poav)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V
P V I I R 7-1
R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
1
V V sin ω. t d ω. t
2π

V 1 cos 2. ω. t
V d ω. t
2π 2

V sin 2 ω t
V ω. t
4π 2
V
V 0.5 V 8-1
2

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V 0.5 V
I 9-1
R R
 
 

25
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬Pin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V
P V I I R 10-1
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(Ripple)
 W‫א‬‫א‬Vac‫א‬‫א‬

V V V 11-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬W(η)‫א‬‫א‬ K١
P
η 100 12-1
P
‫א‬،‫א‬WFF‫א‬ K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬

V
FF 13-1
V

‫א‬W(Ripple Factor)‫א‬ K٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V
RF
V

V V V
RF 1 FF 1 14-1
V V

 

26
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(Transformer Utilization Factor-TUF-)‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

P
TUF 15-1
V I
V  W
V
√2
V
I
R
‫א‬‫א‬Is،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vs
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

27
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W1-1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E14-1F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬10 Ω‫א‬٥(a =N1/N2)‫א‬220V
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 
  JW‫א‬

 10 Ω، 5،V 220 v W‫א‬

 W‫א‬

N V 1 220  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
V 44 v
N 5
V √2 V √2 44  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
62.23 v
V 62.23  :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V 19.8 v
π π
V 19.8  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I 1.98 A
R 10
V 62.23 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
V 31 v
2 2
V 31  
I 3.1 A
R 10

28
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

P V I 19.8 1.98 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣

39.204 W  ‫א‬
P V I 31 3.1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
96.1 W
P 39.204  ‫א‬‫א‬K٥
η 100 100
P 96.1

40.8%

PIV Vm 62.23 V K٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬
P 39.204  ‫א‬‫א‬K٧
TUF 0.286.
V I 44 3.112
1/TUF =1/0.286 =3.496.
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1/TUF=3.496:
  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٤٩٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

29
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬ KII
Single-phase Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

K‫א‬‫א‬E15-1F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
D1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Vs ‫א‬‫א‬
 KD2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(2VS)‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D1‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

30
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
 .E15-1F‫א‬

31
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬Vav‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
V V sin ω t . d ω. t 16-1
π
2V
V 0.6366 V 17-1
π

 W‫א‬‫א‬Iav‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
V 2 V
I 18-1
R π R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
1
V V sin ω. t d ω. t
π

V 1 cos 2 ω t
V d ω. t
π 2

V sin 2 ω t
V ωt
2π 2
V
V 0.707 V 19-1
√2
 
W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V V
I 20-1
R √2 R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(١٧-١) ‫א‬
 PIV‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

32
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(١٥-١) ‫( إل ى‬١٢-١) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
Single-phase Full-wave Bridge Rectifier‫א‬‫א‬ KIII

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(16-1)
D1‫א‬‫א‬π0‫א‬Vs‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KVsD3 , D4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
D3‫א‬‫א‬2π π‫א‬Vs‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D1 , D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬D4‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬iL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KVs

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PIV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

33
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.‫א‬‫א‬EE16-1F
‫א‬

34
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W2-1
10 Ω‫א‬44 v‫א‬‫א‬،(16-1)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

  JW‫א‬
V 44 V 10Ω  W‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
V √2 V √2 44 62.23 v
2 V 2 62.23 
V 39.6 v
π π
V 39.6 
I 3.96 A
R 10
V 62.23 
V 44 v
√2 √2
V 44 
I 4.4 A
R 10
P V I 39.6 3.96 156.8 W 
P V I 44 4.4 193.6 W 
P 156.8  
η 0.81. % 81%.
P 193.6
V 44  K٢
FF 1.11. % 111%.
V 39.6  K‫א‬

35
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬K٣
RF FF 1 1.11 1 0.48
% 48%. 
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٤
PIV Vm 62.23 v

‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

36
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  Three-phase Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١{٣{٢

‫א‬‫א‬ (1-3-1)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(١٧-١)‫( א‬0.6366×VmF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،15 kW
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

The Three-phase Half-wave Rectifier‫א‬ .I

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E17-1F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

37
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

.
‫א‬
E17-1
1 F
‫א‬
 
Va 5π/6 π/6 ‫א‬‫א‬Da‫א‬‫א‬

VbDb‫אא‬‫א‬ ،EVb) (VcF‫א‬
‫א‬

VcDc‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K120°(2ππ/3)‫א‬
‫א‬

K
‫א‬‫אא‬
 W‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫אא‬

 
⁄
1
V V sin ω. t . d ωt
2
2π/3 ⁄

3√3 V
V 0.82
27 V  21-1
2
2 π
 

38
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V 0.827 V
I  22-1
R R
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P V I 23-1
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
⁄
1
V V sin ω. t d ω
⁄

V 0.84068 V 24-1

V 0.84068 V
I  25-1
R R
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P V I  26-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
27-1
V V V
P 28-1
η 100 96.8 %
P
V 29-1
FF 1.017
V
RF FF 1 0.185 18.5% 30-1

TUF = 0.6643 = 66.43% 31-1

39
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier‫א‬‫א‬ KII

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(18-1)
. D6D1‫و‬D1D2, D2D3, D3D4,D4D5, D5D6W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

.‫א‬‫א‬ (١٨ J١)‫א‬

 

40
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

⁄
1
V √3V sin ωt . d ωt
π/3 ⁄

3√3 V
V 1.654 V  32-1
π
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V 1.654 V
I  33-1
R R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P V I 34 J1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⁄
1
V V sin ωt d ωt
⁄ 35-1
1.655 Vm
 

V 1.655 V
I 36-1
R R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P V I  37-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
38-1
V V V 0.0575 V

41
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Po av 39-1
η 99.83 %
Pin
40-1
V
1.0008 100.08%
V

1 0.04 4% 41-1
42-1
TUF = 0.9542 = 66.43%

42
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Filter Ciircuits ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١{{٤

 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
(Ripplees)

(Filters)‫א‬
‫א‬


K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
C
L‫א‬‫א‬K(DCFilteer)‫א‬‫א‬

 KE19-1F LC 
‫א‬
، 
‫א‬‫א‬(A
ACFilter)
 KLC  (٢٠-١) K‫א‬




  DC Filters‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(19-1) ‫א‬

 
C Filters‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬(20-1) ‫א‬
 AC
 

43
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬(19b-1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 .‫א‬( 21-1) 

‫א‬

 W  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

V
V 43-1
2 f R C
W‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V
V  44-1
4√2 f R C
 W‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬


V V
V V V  
2 4 f R C
1
V 1 45-1
4 f R C

44
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬(21-١)K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬KCf2>Cf1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKVdc‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬f
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KCf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V
RF 46-1
V

  Applications.        K١{٥

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
-١) ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،UPS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K E‫א‬‫א‬(٢٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .β‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬Vs‫א‬
 
 
 

45
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 .‫א‬E22-1F‫א‬
 W
β ‫א‬‫א‬α ‫א‬‫אא‬

E V sin α 47-1
4
 
‫א‬‫אא‬α ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬
E
α sin 48-1
4
V
 
 

46
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Vs‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
β π α 48-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V t E V sin ωt E
i t ….. α 50-1
R R
 

‫א‬ (50-1)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬iL‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 

1 V sin ωt E
I d ωt
2π R
1
| V cos ωt E ωt |
2. π. R
1
I 2 V cosα 2 E α π E 51-1
2π R
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

47
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 3-1
‫א‬‫א‬100 Wh12 v‫א‬‫א‬ (٢٢-١) ‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬،1:2 ‫א‬ 120 V‫א‬5A‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

  JW‫א‬
E = 12 v , Vp=120 v, Io= 5 A W‫א‬
N 2
 
N 1
 
V N V N 120 1
≫≫ V 60V  
V N N 2

V √2 V √2 60 84.85 V
E 12
α sin sin 8.13° 0.1419 rad
V 84.85
β π α 180° 8.13° 171.87°
 W‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
δ β α 171.87° 8.13° 163.74°
 W‫א‬‫א‬E51 J1F‫א‬Iav‫א‬
1
I 2 V cosα 2 E α π E
2πR
 
 

48
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
5A‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬
 W
1
R 2 V cosα 2 E α π E
2π I
1
R 2 84.85 cos 8.13 2 12 0.1419 π 12
2π 5
4.26Ω
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   2
1  V sin t E 
   d ( t )
I  m
rms 2  R 
 
 V 2  V2 
1 
 m  
    E 2    2   m sin 2  4V E cos  
2 R 2   2  2 m

 
I  8 .2 A
rms
 W‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PR= Irms2× R = 8.22 4.26 = 286.4 W  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Po(av)= E × Iav=12 5= 60W  
 W‫א‬
100 100  
t 1.66 h
P 60
 W‫א‬‫א‬η‫א‬‫א‬
P 60  
η 17.32 %
P P 60 286.4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PIV=Vm + E = 84.85+12 = 96.85 v  

 

49
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،٪١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

50
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬‫א‬
 
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
‫א‬

‫ א‬K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K
 K٩
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
  Ka
K‫א‬ Kb
K ‫א‬ Kc
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Kd
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١٠
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ K١١
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٤
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  K١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

51
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬120V‫א‬
‫א‬،(1
16-1) 

‫א‬‫א‬  K١٦
W‫א‬ Ω ‫א‬١W٥
‫א‬،12Ω
K ‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫אא‬‫ א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  
K
K‫אא‬ 
 

K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬‫ א‬
 
380V‫א‬
‫א‬،(21-1)   K١٧
‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬،10 Ω ‫א‬١W١٠ 
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫אא‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٨
    
KVo, iL, Vs, VAK
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

  

52
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 

  

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

53
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
 
 
 
 

54
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  Thyristtor  
‫ א‬K٢{١
 ‫א‬     ،‫אא‬ 
    ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬  
  ، 
‫א‬   ‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬
KSilicon CR) 
n Controolled Recctifier(SC ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 Thyrisstor Con
nstructio
on and O n ‫א‬ K٢{١{١
Operation ٢

Semiconnductors ‫א‬ 

  
‫א‬
 ،J1 , J2 , J3 Juncctions 
   PNPN
N
‫א‬ yristor) KKE١ J٢F
‫א‬( Thy

‫א‬G ((Gate)‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬A
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E1-2F   
   ‫א‬‫א‬ P ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 E
F  EF
 ‫א‬
 
‫ א‬
E1-2F‫א‬
 

55
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، E2-2F ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 J2‫א‬، (Forward Bias)‫א‬ J1,J3‫א‬
    ‫א‬     (Reverse Bias)  ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬   K(Leakage Current) ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Forward Blocking)
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E2-2F‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬J1,J3‫א‬‫א‬J2‫א‬
(Reverse Blocking)‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-F(Forward Conducting)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2

     

EF EF EF

 K‫א‬E2-2F‫א‬
 

56
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

Thyristor Characteristics ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢{١{٢

VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E3-2FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IA ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،PNPN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KIBo‫א‬VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1V
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KIg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Holding Current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KIH
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VBR
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،E3-2F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

57
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬(3-2))‫א‬
 
‫אא‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 VBo‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫אא‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬




‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
F

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E
‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
KIL(Latching Current))‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KIH
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

58
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Thyristor Firing‫א‬ K٢{١{٣

IL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫ א‬o

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(4-2)،Heat Sink‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Heat sinks‫א‬‫א‬E4-2F‫א‬

 
 
 
 

59
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫ א‬o

‫א‬‫א‬J2‫א‬ 
، J2‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Light Activated K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KSilicon Controlled Rectifier,-LASCR-)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o

‫א‬VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Leakage current)
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬
 K1 µs200 V20V
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬P2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،J2‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

60
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Methoods of Thyyristor Tuurn-offE‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢{١{٤

٢

‫א‬


 ‫א‬

K‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬
IH‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫אא‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،(‫أ‬٥-٢) 
‫א‬ ‫א‬


، (‫ب‬٥-٢) ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

dv//dt،
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K
‫א‬
 
 
 ،‫א‬


 ‫א‬
E5-2
2F‫א‬
 

 

61
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5-2FK ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Line Commutated)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

62
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

Thyristor Protection   ‫א‬ K٢{١{٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬
‫א‬KEKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ، (dv/dt)‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫( א‬6-2) K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬RC‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬R2‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Edv/dtF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Edv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K () 6-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫جھد المنبع‬

‫جھد المنبع‬

 .‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (6-2)‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Edi/dtF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE7-2F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

64
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 Kdi/dt‫א‬E7-2F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Thyristor Types‫א‬‫א‬ K٢{١{٦

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،Triac‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
Phase Controlled Thyristor(SCR)  ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
Fast Switching Thyristor (SCR)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
Gate-turn-off Thyristor (GTO)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
Bidirectional Triode Thyristor (TRIAC)  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
Light Activated Silicon-Controlled  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
Rectifier (LASCR)
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(SCR)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F،‫א‬
K   (9-2) ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 .‫א‬‫א‬E8-2F‫א‬
 
 

 .EPow 
werex F
E99-2F‫א‬

 
 
 

67
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
،(Datasheets)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،4000A5000V‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

68
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Controlled Rectifiers ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢٫٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،?‫א‬‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ، ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
Half-wave Controlled Rectifier  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Full-Wave Semi controlled ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Rectifier
Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Dual Converter  ‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

69
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Single Phase Half-wave Rectifier‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٢{١

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KI
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K 10‐2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   A ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ωt π) ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
 ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬،K‫א‬
K 11‐2 ‫א‬

.‫א‬E10-2F‫א‬
 
 
 

70
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11-2F‫א‬

، ‫א‬   Vav ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W0‐2π‫א‬‫א‬Vo E‫א‬F‫א‬

1 Vm
Vav   Vm  sin(t )  d ( t )  1  cos  1‐2
2  2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1‐2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Kα‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vav Vm
I av   1  cos    2-2
R 2  R
 

71
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1
 
2 
Vrms  ( Vm sin  t ) 2
d t

Vm   sin(2) 
Vrms  1     3-2
2   2 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vrms Vm   sin(2) 
I rms   1     4-2
R 2R   2 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

72
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ١- ٢
 208v ‫א‬
W‫א‬،10 Ω‫א‬60Hz
K45°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K6A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 KPIV‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 JW‫א‬

Vm  Vrms  2  208 2  294.156 v ‫א‬ J١

Vm
Vav   1  cos    46 .816  (1  cos 45  )  79 .92 v
2
Vav
I av   7.992 A
R
6A‫א‬‫א‬K٢
Vav  Iav  R  6 10  60 A
   α‫א‬‫א‬Vav 3‐1 ‫א‬
294 . 156
60  1  cos  
2
  73 . 64 
.‫ للحصول على أقصى قيمة لتيار الحمل يجب أن تكون زاوية اإلشعال مساوية للصفر‬.٣
Vm
Vav (max)   1  cos    46 .816  (1  cos( 0))  93 .63 V
2
V 93 .63
I av (max)  av max   9.36 A
R 10
PIV Vm 294.156 v .٤
11‐2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥

73
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KII
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ 12‐2 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E12‐2F ‫א‬   ،
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      K‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬β ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   D Freewheeling diode  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ πα‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ β π‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫ א‬ 12‐2 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬       ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

74
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E12-2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vav‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
W2π‫ א‬0 ‫א‬‫א‬ Vo‫א‬

1
V av   V m sin(  t ) d ( t ) 
Vm
cos    cos    5-2
2  2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 1‐2
V av
I av   6-2
R
 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

75
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-2F‫א‬

 
 

76
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12‐2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

77
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K٢{٢{٢
Single Phase Full-wave Semi Controlled Rectifier
        ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬،E13‐2F D1, D2 ‫א‬‫א‬ Q1,Q2 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“” ‫א‬  Q1‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
،‫א‬ D1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEt F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬Q2‫א‬E2π ωt π αF‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬    D2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 Kt 2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E14‐2F

‫א‬(13-2)‫א‬
 
 

 

 

78
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14‐2F‫א‬

 
  ‫א‬   Vav ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W 0‐‫א‬‫א‬ Vo‫א‬‫א‬


1
V av   V m sin(  t ) d ( t ) 
Vm
1  cos   7-2
 
 

 

79
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

I av 
V av

Vm
1  cos    8-2
R  R
  
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬E٧ J2F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬       ‫א‬
 K One quadrant)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

80
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
:2-2 ‫مثال‬
208V/60Hz‫א‬‫א‬
 15 Ω‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K60°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K150V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
  JW‫א‬

Vm  Vrms  2  208  2  294.156 v  .1

Vav 
Vm

 
 1  cos   93  633 1  cos 60  140.4495 v
Vav
I av   9 .3633 v
R
 K150 v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2
α ‫ يمكن إيجاد الزاوية‬Vav ‫ عن قيمة‬7‐2 ‫بالتعويض في المعادلة‬
294.156
150  1  cos 

150  93 . 6328 1  cos  
α 52.987o
 K‫א‬‫א‬K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 1  cos    93 .633  (1  cos 0 )  187 .266 V

Vm
Vo (max) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

81
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K٢{٢٢{٣
Single PPhase Fu ull-wave Controllled Recttifier
 
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬   
    E15‐2F 
‫א‬   KQ1,Q
   Q2,Q3,Q4  
K‫א‬
  Q2،Q1 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬         ، ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1, Q2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
t
، ‫א‬  Q1, Q2
  ‫א‬  E 
  ‫א‬  Q3,Q4 ‫א‬ 
  
 
‫א‬    Q2،Q1 ‫א‬        ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
K 2
KE16
6‐2F
‫א‬

 

‫א‬E15-2F‫א‬
‫א‬   Vav ‫א‬
   
‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   
 ، ‐  ‫א‬‫א‬
   
‫א‬ 
 KKE9‐2F
‫א‬،E10
0‐2F‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫אא‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،

 ،‫א‬90°° ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

82
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 90°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .(Two quadrant)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

2  Vm  cos 

1
Vav 
  Vm  sin(t)d(t) 


9-2

Vav 2  Vm  cos 
I av    10-2
R  R
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

83
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (16-2)‫א‬
 

 
 
  

84
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W3‐2
208v/ 60Hz‫א‬‫א‬
 12 Ω‫א‬
W‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
K60°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
KPin‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K3
K120°
 JW‫א‬
K‫א‬.1
Vm  Vrms  2  208  2  294 .156 v

V av 
2  V m  cos  

   93 .633 v
2  294 . 156  cos 60 
 
V av
I av   7 .8 A
R
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
93.633 7.8 730.6
،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  120o  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K 3‐9 ‫א‬
2  V m  cos  
V av 

  
 187 .266  cos 120    93 .633 V
 

  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∙ 93.633 7.8 730.6

85
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ngle -Phasse Dual Converter ‫א‬

 Sin  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢{٢{٤
    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   
‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ،E17‐2
 1 F
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א א‬ 
  ،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬




. ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫(א‬17-2)
( 
‫א‬
 
 Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2  Vm  cos  a1
Vav 1  11-2

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫אא‬ ‫א‬ 

 W ‫א‬ Q1’, Q2’, Q3’, Q4’ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
2  V m  cos  a 2
V av 2  12-2
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

86
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Three Phase Half-waveRectifier‫א‬ K٢{٢{٥

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،
‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Q1,Q2,Q3‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K 18‐2 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
Q1‫א‬E18‐2F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬Q2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Q3‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      K‫א‬    ،
،‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬  Van ‫א‬      t /6   
Q1 t 5/6  Q2
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Vbn ‫א‬    
 Q2 t 3/2  Q3
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬  Vcn ‫א‬
K 19‐2 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

87
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E18
8-2F
‫א‬
 
 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

sin
 
sin 2 ⁄3

sin 2 ⁄3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

88
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E19-2F‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 

89
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬
‫א‬،  5/6   /6   ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE13‐2F‫א‬‫א‬
5

3 6
3 3 V m
V av   V m  sin(  t ) d ( t )  cos   13-2
2  2

6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

90
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W4‐2
        ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬       10 Ω ‫א‬
   
 ‫א‬،208V   
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
W
K 30°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K 60°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K 120°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
  JW‫א‬
Vrms  2 208  2
Vm    169.83 v .1
3 3
3  3  Vm
Vav  cos    140  449  (cos 30  )  121 .633 v
2
Vav
I av   12.166 A
R
3  3  Vm
Vav   cos    140  449  (cos 60  )  70 .2245 v .2
2
Vav
I av  7A
R
3  3 Vm
Vav  cos    140  449  (cos 120  )  70.2245 V
2 .3
Vav
I av   7 A
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
K
3  3 V m
V av 
2
 
cos    140  449  (cos 0  )  140 .45 V

91
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K٢{٢{٦
 Three Phase Semi controlled Rectifier

‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، E20‐2F   
‫א‬‫א‬،EOne QuadrantF
 120 kW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE14‐2F‫א‬
3  3  Vm
Vav  (1  cos  ) 14-2
2

‫א‬(20-2)‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

92
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W5‐2
‫א‬
  ‫א‬         10 Ω ‫א‬
   
‫א‬ ، 208v    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬
W
 K 45°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K 75°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
 K 135°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K6 A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 JW‫א‬
208  2
Vm   169 .83 v -١
3
3  3  Vm
Vav  1  cos   140  449  (1  cos 45 )  239.76 v
2
Vav
I av   23 .976 A
R
3  3  Vm
Vav  1  cos   140  449  (1  cos 75 )  176.8 v -٢
2
3  3  Vm
Vav   1  cos    140  449  (1  cos 135  )  41 .136 v -٣
2 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 K
3 3  Vm
V av   1  cos    140  449  (1  cos 0  )  280 . 898 v
2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6 AK٥
Vav  I av  R  6  10  60 v

93
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫( للحصول على زاوية اإلشعال الالزمة للحصول على‬١٤-٢) ‫ في المعادلة‬Vav ‫نعوض عن قيمة‬
: 6A ‫تيار‬
3  3  169 . 83
60  1  cos  
2
  125 
 

94
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Three Phase Full-wave Rectiifier  

‫א‬ K٢{٢{٧
   
    
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  
 
  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،  E21‐2F
 ،Tw
‫א‬  wo quad
drant     
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
KE15‐2F
‫א‬
‫א‬
3  3  Vm
V av   cos   15
5-2


 

 ‫א‬E21-2F ‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

95
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W6‐2
          ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬       10Ω ‫א‬
   
‫א‬  K 208 v   
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
W
 K45°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K3
K135°
 W‫א‬
208  2
Vm   169 .83 v .١
3
3  3  Vm
Vav  cos    280 .898  (cos 45  )  198 .625 v

V av 198 . 625
I av    19 .86 v
R 10
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

198.625 19.86 3944.7

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  135o  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K٣
 K 3‐15 ‫א‬

3  3  Vm
Vav  cos    280 .898  (cos 135  )   198 .625 v

 ‫א‬‫א‬
198.625 19.86 3944.7 
 

96
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 Three Ph ‫א‬ K٢{٢{٨

hase DuallConverteer

 ،
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
، ،، 22‐2 
‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬ 
‫א‬  
‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
E22-2
2 F
‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

97
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

  ٢{٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬       ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ?‫א‬‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E23‐2F    K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
W
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   W ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬   W‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

98
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﳏﻜﻮﻡ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E23-2F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W7‐2
‫א‬،2.5 hp‫א‬
10A  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K 220V/60Hz     
 W‫א‬1500 rpm ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K 500 rpm‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K0.2 Ω‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،١١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V  E  I Ra
  a a a

  Ea  K  
 T  K  Ia
2  n
   
60
 

99
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm  cos 
  Vav 

  Vm  220 2  311 .13 v
2 n 2   1500
    157 . 1 rad / sec
  60 60
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P 2 .5  746
T   11 .87 N .m
   157 . 1
T 11.87
K    1.187
  I a 10
  E a  K    1.187  157 .1  186 .6 v
  Va  Ea  Ia R a  186.6  10 0.2  188.6 v
 
 W‫א‬Vav Va‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Vav   188 .6  
cos     0 .9522
2 Vm 2  311 .13
 
  17 .8 o
 
 W 500 rpm‫א‬‫א‬
2   500
  E a1  K  1  1 .187   62 .15 v
60
  Va1  E a1  I a R a  62 .15  10  0 .2  64 .15 v
Vav 1   64 .15  
cos  1    0 .3238
2 Vm 2  311 .13
 
 1  71 .1o
 

100
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    .٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬.٨
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬× .١٢
□K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ka
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Kb
□ K
□ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kc
 
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Kd
□ K
 
 
 

101
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٣

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٤
     ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   .١٥
‫א‬20 Ω‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬208V‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 JW‫א‬،2kW‫א‬ Po‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ka
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kb
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kc
K‫א‬‫א‬ Kd
 K‫א‬ Ke
‫א‬،3 hp‫א‬ .١٦
 12A‫א‬‫א‬ 220V/60Hz
 W‫א‬،1500 rpm‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .a
 K800 rpm‫א‬‫א‬ .b
 K150°‫א‬‫ א‬.c
 K 0.2Ω‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

102
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 

 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

103
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

104
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Power Transistor‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬
K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
(Metal–Oxide-Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistor) MOSFET
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
(Insulated Gate Bipolar JunctionTransistor) IGBT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

105
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{١{١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١ J٣F‫א‬ p-n‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،ECollectorF‫א‬EBaseF‫א‬EEmitterF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F‫א‬pnpnpn‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬pn‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBase-Emitter JunctionF‫א‬ J
 J٣FEBase-Collector JunctionF‫א‬ J‫א‬
B ‫א‬،C،E‫א‬‫א‬،E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣FK
 Kpnp‫א‬npn ‫א‬

C (Collector) ‫א‬
C 
Metalized contacts
‫أ‬ ‫א‬-‫א‬  
Oxide Base-Collector
‫א‬ n junction p 
Emitter ‫א‬
Base‫א‬ B p B n 
Collector ‫المجمع‬ (Base)
n p 
Substrate ‫طبقة أساس‬ ‫א‬-‫א‬
Base-Emitter  
junction  
E (Emitter) ‫א‬ E
 
EF EF
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬E١-٣)    
 
 
 
 

106
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
C C  
 
B B
 
 
E
E  
npn pnp
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢-٣F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
VCE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IC‫א‬‫א‬
 KIB‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬E٣ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECut off RegionF‫א‬
KE٣ J٣F
IC
 
 
IB 5  
 
IB 4
 
IB 3
 
IB 2
IB 1  
IB = 0.0 VCE

0
 
‫א‬(Cutoff region)
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3 J3F
  

107
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{١{٢

(MOSFET)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Insulated Gate Field Effect ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KIGFETTransistor)
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
(1010Ω - 1015Ω)،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Substrate)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Fp J‫א‬ (P J‫א‬F n J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (n J‫א‬
‫א‬(Drain)‫א‬(Source)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(SiO2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.(Gate) ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4 J3F
 
‫البوابة‬ ‫البوابة‬  
(Gate) (Gate)
G G  
‫المنبع‬ S D ‫المصب‬ ‫المنبع‬ S D
‫المصب‬
(Source) (Drain) (Source)  
(Drain)
‫معدن‬
(metal)  
n n p p  
‫ثاني أكسيد السيليكون‬
P-‫طبقة األساس من النوع‬
(Silicon dioxide)
n-‫طبقة األساس من النوع‬  
(p-substrate) SiO2 (n-substrate)
 
(‫)ب‬ (‫)أ‬  
MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤-٣)   
n-‫א‬ (‫)ب‬ p-‫א‬ (‫)أ‬  
 

108
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
n J‫א‬ ET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٣F‫א‬
 MOSFE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
p J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 
n- chhannel‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬E٥ J٣F

 
MOSFE
ET‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
MOSFFET E٦ J٣ F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F
، Kn J
 ‫א‬
KVDSS

ID ‫א‬VGS ‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬ID‫א‬
 ‫א‬E ٦ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬EE
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬
 p J‫א‬‫א‬
 E
 ٦ J٣F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

109
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  
ID, mA
ID, mA ‫المنطقة االومية‬ ‫منطقة التشبع‬
(Ohmic region) (Saturationregion)
300
6.0
250 30
0 5.5
200
25 5.0
150 0
100 20 4.5
4.0
0 3.5
50
15 3.0 VGS = 2 V
VT
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 V6GS, V 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 VDS, V
10
EF EF
n-‫ ذو القناة‬MOSFET ‫( منحنيات خواص لترانستور‬٦-٣) ‫شكل‬
(Drain or Output characteristics) ‫)أ( خواص المصرف أو الخرج‬
(Transfer characteristic) ‫)ب( خواص التحويل‬

110
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 IG
GBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٣{١{٣



EBJT)
B ‫א‬ 
‫א‬EIG
GBTF 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ KEMOS
SFET)
‫א‬‫א‬
 K(BJT)
( 
‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬
(MOSFE
ETF‫א‬EBJT
TF   
  
1000A1600V
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K40kHzz 

 ((Emitter) C
(Colllector) 
،‫א‬ KK
‫א‬‫א‬
E7-3F KG 
  (Gate)‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KIGBT ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬
 

 IG
GBT ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬

 KIG
GBT
‫א‬‫א‬E7-3F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

111
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 DC Choppers‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، KKKK‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
 
 Theory of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٢{١
E8‐3F ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Toff‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬Ton‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE9‐3F‫א‬


 


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8‐3F‫א‬

112
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E9-3F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T on
1 Ton
V av 
T  V s  dt 
0
T
 Vs  k  Vs
1 -3
T on
k  ٢ J٣
T
 W
 ‫א‬W Vs
 ‫א‬W Ton
 ‫א‬W Toff
 ‫א‬‫א‬W  T
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Vav
 ‫א‬W K

113
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  Ps ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Po ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
، ON          ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
Ton Ton 2 2 2
1 1 vs T V V
Ps  Po 
T 0 s o T
v i dt  
0
R
dt  on s  k s
T R R
  3-3

 K100%‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V av V
I av   k s 4-3
R R
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 Ton
 Ton
0 s  
2
V rms   V dt  Vs  k  Vs  5-3
 T  T
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1‐3F‫א‬‫א‬
500 Hz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 2500 Hz 
 ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
   ،KKKKKK GTO  MOSFET  IGBT  BJT ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E5‐3FE1‐3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2V 0.5V
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
:
T Ton
1 on 1 Ton
Vav   Vo dt   (Vs  Vd )dt  (Vs  Vd )  k (Vs  Vd ) 6-3
T 0 T 0
T
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vd
 
 

114
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 Ton
 Ton
Vrms  0 s d  
 (V s  Vd )  k (V s  Vd )
2
 (V V ) dt 7-3
 T  T
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 onVs  (Vs Vd ) T V  (Vs Vd ) V  (Vs Vd )
T T
1 on
Ps  Vs I odt   dt  on  s k s
T0 T 0 R T R R 8-3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(V s  V d ) 2 Ton (V s  V d ) 2 (V s  V d ) 2
Ton Ton
1 1
Po 
T 0 V o I o dt 
T 0 R dt  T  R k
R
9-3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٢{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
W
 W PWM ‫א‬ J١
، T‫א‬‫א‬ Ton‫א‬
 KE10‐3F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

115
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10‐3F‫א‬
 
 W Frequency Modulation –FM‐ ‫א‬ ‐2
،Ton‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬
 KE11‐3F‫א‬‫א‬

116
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11‐3F‫א‬

117
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٢{٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، SCR ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ GTO    ‫א‬‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬     ، BJT  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
،‫א‬      ‫א‬      ، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬، MOSFET ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ MOSFET ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Step‐Down DC Choppers‫א‬‫א‬
  Step‐Up DC Choppers K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

118
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Step Down DC Cho ‫ א‬٣{٢{٣{١
oppers ‫א‬
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  E1
‫א‬‫א‬ 12‐3F 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬   E13‐3
  3FF  
  ،  
   
  ، 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬  On 
 ‫א‬  
 ، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
  
       Q‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Off ‫א‬

  Q ‫א‬      ‫א‬ D ‫א‬
‫א‬   ،
‫א‬E1‐3
3F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EE12‐3F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

119
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13-3F‫א‬
 

 
 

120
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W1-3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K60% 1kHz‫א‬ 300V‫א‬ 15Ω
 W‫א‬K2V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 ‫א‬ K٦
  JW‫א‬
 
R 15  , Vs 300V, k 0.6 , f 1 kHz    W‫א‬
1 1    ‫א‬‫א‬K١
T   0.001 sec.  1ms
f 1000
Ton  k  T  0.6  0.001  0.0006 sec.  0.6ms  ‫א‬K٢
 Toff  (1  k )T  (1  0.6)  0.001  0.0004 sec.  0.4s  ‫א‬K٣
Vav  k Vs  Vd   0 . 6 ( 300  2 )  178 .8 V ‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 ‫א‬
Vrms  k Vs  Vd   0.6 (300  2)  230.83 V ‫א‬‫א‬K٥
   ‫א‬
k ( Vs  Vd ) 2 0 .6  (300  2 ) 2   ‫א‬‫א‬K٦
Po    3552 .16 W
R 15  ‫א‬
k  Vs ( Vs  Vd ) 0.6  300 (300  2) ‫א‬‫א‬K٧
Ps    3576 W
R 15    ‫א‬
Po 3552 .16    ‫א‬‫א‬K٨
  100   100  99 .33 %
Ps 3576

121
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Step- Up DC Choppers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٢{٣{٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
     ، ‫א‬‫א‬    E14‐3F  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E15‐3FKVL‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 14‐3 F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E15‐3F‫א‬
 

122
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
W‫א‬
I t 1
Vo  Vs  L  Vs (1  1 )  Vs  10 J٣
t2 t2 1 k
 W
K‫א‬W Vs
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ∆I
K‫א‬W k
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ CL‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    9‐3  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

123
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KN‫א‬MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E×FEF K٩
□ K‫א‬‫א‬ 
□ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
□ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
‫א‬‫א‬1kHz‫א‬300V‫א‬15Ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2V‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬5kW
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١

124
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

125
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬
 


126
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

AC Voltage Controllers  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Theory Of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ،E1‐4 F        ‫א‬  
‫א‬     ،Q1, Q2    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬180°‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1-4F‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K

127
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Control On-Off‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣{١{١
‫א‬‫א‬ Q1, Q2‫א‬
،Vrms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2‐4F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kig2Q2‫א‬ig1Q1‫א‬
 

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2‐4F‫א‬
 
 m‫א‬‫א‬ n‫א‬‫א‬ Vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

128
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
2
 
Vo ( rms )  
n
 2V
2
sin 2
 td  t   V
n
 Vs k
 2 n  m  0
s

s
n  m 1-4

:‫ ھي نسبة التشغيل ويمكن حسابھا من المعادلة التالية‬k ‫حيث‬

 ٢ J٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣ J٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤ J٤
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬
 ٥ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧ J٤
√
 W‫א‬‫א‬
√2  ٨ J٤

 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

129
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W1‐4
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠ 
 ٢٥‫א‬‫א‬، ٦٠ ١٢٧‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬،٧٥
K‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
K‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
K‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
K‫א‬ .٦
 K‫א‬ .٧
‫א‬
n 25
k   0.25 ‫א‬
n  m 25  75
Vo( rms)  Vs  k  127  0.25  63.5 v ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo ( rms) 63.5  
I o ( rms)    6.35 A
R 10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Po  Vo(rms)  Io(rms)  63.5 6.35  403.225 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
S  V s  I s  127  6 . 35  806 . 45 W ‫א‬‫א‬
Po
PF   k  0.5 ‫א‬
S
Vm 
Im   19 .96 A
R  ‫א‬
 

130
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Phase Angle Control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{١{٢

Q1, Q2    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬KE3‐4F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ١٨٠     ‫א‬
 KVs‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3-4F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،E4‐4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ D1 Q1‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2Q2،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٥F‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 2  1 sin 2 sin 2 
V orms    2V
2
sin 2
 td  t   V (      ) 9-4
 2 
s s
 2 2
 
 
 
 
 
 

132
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣{٢

 Single Phase Controller with inductive load    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E5‐4F‫א‬  K   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K       ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W،
١٨٠°   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1‫א‬‫א‬  α π،
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Q1 ‫א‬   KE6‐4F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  Q1 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ Q2
‫א‬، 6‐4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5‐4 ‫א‬

133
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E      F‫א‬‫א‬E6-4F‫א‬
 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (2+F E+  ‫א‬  Q2 ‫א‬ E+F   ‫א‬  Q1
    K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE7-4F‫א‬
 
 

134
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(7-4)‫א‬

135
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣{٣
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬٣{٣{١

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E8‐4F‫א‬ 

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8-4F‫א‬

136
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣{٣{٢
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  E9‐4F ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Ta ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 Tr ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬Tr ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
  ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ e Tr ‐Ta
‫א‬‫א‬
Tr ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ e ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬


e 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫אא‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬E9-4F‫א‬

 

137
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  10Ω         K٦
 n‫א‬‫א‬،60Hz 127V‫א‬
W‫א‬،6 A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،m
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Ka
Kn, m‫ א‬Kb
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kc
K‫א‬‫ א‬Kd
K‫א‬ Ke
K‫א‬ Kf
‫א‬ ‫א‬  10Ω         K٧
  n  ‫א‬‫א‬   60Hz   200v‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬،m
K1000W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ka
 K٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬m n‫ א‬Kb
 K‫א‬‫ א‬Kc
 K‫א‬ Kd
K‫א‬ Ke
 
 

138
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

139
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

140
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 

  

141
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W
‫א‬ Inverters ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ PWM ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (Inverters) ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
    ‫א‬  ،       ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬       ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ KKKKIGBT
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) ‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
Current Source Inverter (CSI)‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤{١
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
   Filter    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R‐L‐C  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
(Induction Motors)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
(Synchronous Motors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
(Induction Heating)‫א‬‫ א‬
(Aircraft Power Supplies)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Uninterruptible Power Supplies UPS)‫א‬‫א‬ 
(High-voltage DC Transmission) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Standby Power Supplies) ‫א‬‫א‬ 

(Battery)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Solar Cell)
 ‫א‬  400 Hz   220 v  60 Hz  220 v   
50 Hz380 v /220 v ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K400 Hz 200 v/115 v60 Hz208 v/120 v
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ٤{٢

 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E1-5F ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ،    ‫א‬‫א‬  K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ S2‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬S2S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 S1‫א‬‫א‬E2-5F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      S2  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
S1‫א‬Vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KS2

0 - T/2 T/2 - T
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE1-5F‫א‬
 
‫א‬،S2‫א‬S1‫א‬
S2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S1‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

145
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
،‫א‬E2-5F‫א‬ T‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬' f '‫א‬
1 1-5
f
T
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬S1S2‫א‬WE2-5F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 

146
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KS2 S1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬   'filter '    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KPWM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

147
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)  ‫א‬ ٤{٣

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    K     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K،،

‫א‬   ٤{٣{١

Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter(VSI)

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (3-5) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Vs‫א‬S2 S1
‫א‬   ،       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
(MOSFET)‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .‫א‬KKK (Thyristors) ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

148
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Case of a Resistive load R ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤{٣{١{١

 (3-5)‫א‬‫א‬ S2 S1‫א‬‫א‬ 

 S2‫א‬ S1‫א‬ R 
‫א‬‫א‬ 0 t T⁄2 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Vs
 .i1‫א‬‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬
 T⁄2 t T ‫א‬‫א‬  S1 ‫א‬ S2 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  t =T/2 ‫א‬‫א‬ S1 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  i ‫א‬   ‫א‬  (-Vs) 
  i ‫א‬  ‫א‬  S2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 R ‫א‬ E4-5F ‫א‬ i ‫א‬
    ‫א‬  (1/T) ‫א‬ ‫א‬   f  ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
 .Vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3-5F‫א‬
 
 

149
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4 J٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

150
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬ ٤{٣{١{٢

io ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،VO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    E5-5F ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬    ،
 :‫א‬
     Vo‫א‬   0 t T⁄2  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K    D1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  S1‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬i ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  0 t t ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  Vs ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ D1 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬   t t T⁄2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 0 t T⁄2  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     S1‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 t t T ⁄ 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 S1‫א‬   t T/2‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬ ‫א‬ S1‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Vs‫א‬
‫א‬t t ‫א‬‫א‬ T/2 t t ‫א‬ D2 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  t t T ‫א‬ ‫א‬  S2 ‫א‬ 
 S2 ‫א‬ S2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      t t T  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 .T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E5-5F ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ i ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    i i ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  E5-5F 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    i ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
 0 t T⁄2  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
. T/2 t T ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
WE5--5F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

153
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W
V V ٢-٥

  WV ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E3-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  :

v t sin nωt 3-5

, ,
red/s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ω ‫א‬‫א‬ n  
n=1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
4  4-5
V 0.9 V
√2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 5-5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W1-5
'R'E 3-5F‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W.24 v'Vs'2.4 Ω
 Vo(rms)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Ka
 Io(rms)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kb
V1(rms)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kc
 ?Po"‫א‬ Kd

 
 W‫א‬
E2-5F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W
V V 24 v
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
24
I 10 A
2.4
 
E4-5F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 W

V 0.9 V 0.9 24 21.6 v

 W‫א‬
 
V 24
P 240 W
R 2.4
 

155
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Single -Phase Bridge Inverter ‫ א‬  ٤{٣{٢

 

R‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{٢{١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6-5F
‫א‬   ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 S S ‫א‬  S  S ‫א‬S  S
 S  S  ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬  S  S ‫א‬ 
 KT/2‫א‬‫א‬S  S ‫א‬

‫ مع حمل مادي‬‫א‬‫א‬WE6-5F‫א‬
 
‫א‬ S  S ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 0 t T⁄2 ‫א‬
S  S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

156
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬'VO'‫א‬ S  S
‫א‬ ‫א‬ S  S  ‫א‬  S  S   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  'VS
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   T/2 t T
‫א‬‫א‬  S  S ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JVO  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     E 7-5F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬، VS‫א‬
    fo ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K 1⁄TT‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE7-5F‫א‬

157
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E2-5F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
(n=1)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬E4-5FE3-5F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

158
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WE2-5F
 'R'E6-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W 48 vV2.4Ω
  KV ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Ka
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kb
  KV ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kc
 KP ‫א‬ Kd

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E1-5F 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 WE2-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V V 48 v  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V 48  
I 20 A
R 2.4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE4-5F
V 0.9 V 0.9 48 43.2 v  
 W‫א‬
V 48
P 960 W
R 2.4
 
 

159
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
24 v‫א‬‫א‬ E2-5F ‫א‬  48v
 K(2-5) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
( R – L) Load case.  ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣{٢{٢
 
 (R -L)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8-5F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
' Vo' ‫א‬E9-5F‫א‬(R-LFR ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ES1 . S2 . S3 . S4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬io‫א‬
 'Is' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( D1 . D2 . D3 . D4 )
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8-5F‫א‬
 
 

160
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬Vo‫א‬‫א‬E9-5F‫א‬io‫א‬
(0 < t < t1F‫א‬‫א‬ S1S4،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ t1
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 KEt = T /2F‫א‬‫א‬( t =t1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(0 < t < t1)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ' Vs'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D1D4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S4S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(t1< t < T/2)‫א‬
(0 < t < ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo‫א‬
‫א‬ io‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K T/2)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( t=t1F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬t = T /2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S1S4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  Vs ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  D2 D3‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K (T/2 < t < t2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (Vo= -Vs) 
‫א‬  io ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 K(t = t2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ S3S2‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ T/2 < t < t2
io‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ S3S2‫א‬، < t < T t2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،Vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S2 S3‫א‬
 K(Vo = -Vs) ‫א‬‫א‬

161
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ t=0‫ و‬t=T‫א‬‫א‬ Imin ‫א‬


 Imin ‫א‬ T/2) ‫א‬‫א‬ Imax 
 (t=T/2)) (t=3T

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫אא‬ 
K‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
W E9-5F
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

162
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،  
 KE2-5F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V V
I e / 0 t
R R ٦-5
V V ⁄
I e t T
R R
 W
 EL/R)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : Imin
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬: Imax

‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 
 
I I ٧-5
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
⁄
I I ⁄
٨-5

 
 
 

163
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W3-5
١٠‫א‬(8-5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K100V L = 25mH‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،60Hz ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬MATLAB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 1
T 0.0167 s
f 60
L 0.025
τ 0.0025 s
R 10
0.0167
∴ 3.34
2 2 0.0025
 
 WE8-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.
I I . 9.31 A

 WE6-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
⁄ .
t 9.31 e
⁄ .
10 19.31e 0 t 0.0083s
 
.

t 9.31 e .

.
10 19.31e . 0.0083 t 0.0167s

164
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Three- P
Phase Briidge Inveerter  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٥{٣{٣
٥
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫אא‬‫אא‬ 



‫א‬‫א‬
 KE 10-5F
‫א‬
 K(111-5)
‫א‬
 180o 180
 1 o

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E10
0-5F
‫א‬

165
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11-5F‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 
 
 

166
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Inverter Voltage Control Techniques ‫ א‬‫א‬ ٤{٤

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬       ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
PWM ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

167
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Pulse – Width Modulation PWM ‫א‬ ٤{٤{١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
Single Pulse – Width Modulation  ‫א‬
Multiple Pulse-Width Modulation  ‫א‬
Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ٤{٤{١{١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-5F‫א‬K
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ E S2 S1F ‫א‬
         E6-5F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KAc Ar
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ac‫א‬Ar
‫א‬ Ac ArK 180O‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬"Modulation Index''

M ٩-5

 
 W‫א‬ 'Vo' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V V ١٠-5

 
 
 

168
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W
 K‫א‬:M
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:Vo
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬: Ar
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WAC
 K‫א‬ :δ


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-5F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S2S1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

169
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬ ٤{٤{١{٢

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،fo
 Kfc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E13-5F  ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
f m f
P m
2f 2 f 11-5

 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WP
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wfc
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wfo
 K‫א‬W mf
 
 MKM‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Vs‫א‬،١
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  πLP  
 W‫א‬

V V 12-5

 

170
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE13-5F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ٤{٤{١{٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ S٢،S١‫א‬E14-5F‫א‬
‫א‬Kfcfo
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬M‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14-5F‫א‬Vo‫א‬
 
 
 

171
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬S٢S١‫א‬E14-5)‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V V 10-5

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WP
Km‫א‬‫א‬Wm
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WVs
 

172
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E× FEF K١٠
□ ‫א‬‫א‬ Ka
□ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kb
 □K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kc
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K١٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬
 ٢٢٠V     ‫א‬      K١٥
 WK٢٠Ω
 ?Vo?‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Ka
 ?V١?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Kb
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kc

173
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
?R?   E٨  J٥F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K١٧
?Vs?    L=٥٠mH ‫א‬   ١٠Ω ‫א‬ 
، ٦٠Hz‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K١١٠V
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

    
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

174
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

175
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ أن يتعرف المتدرب‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 

176
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W

UPS ‫א‬ ،Uninterruptable Power Supply‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  UPS  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    UPS  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  UPS ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E200 VA‫א‬F
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬UPS
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
.‫א‬‫א‬ .٦

 
 
 
 

177
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٦{١

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ E١  J٦F 
‫א‬
 K(F ‫א‬(Inveerter) 
Filter) ‫א‬(Battery)‫א‬(Reectifier) ‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬

E1-6F
‫א‬

،‫א‬   

 ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬  

    ،‫א‬
، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K
Rectiffier‫א‬٦{١{١
٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
W


‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E ٢ J٦F
‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ،
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
 

178
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬E2-6F
‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  

      ‫א‬  E٣  J٦F 
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  

 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬E٣ J٦F
‫א‬
 
 ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EE٤ J٦F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
 
 

179
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4-6F‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

180
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WBattery‫א‬٦{١{٢

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K“Sealed, Valve‐regulated Lead‐acid”
K‫א‬E٥ J٦F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Sealed lead-acid batteryE٥ J٦F‫א‬

  J  “Volt”  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J ‫א‬  K“Amp‐Hour”
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 1A 12 V 12 V 20Ah 
، 20 A 12 V‫א‬ ٢٠
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 5A‫א‬‫א‬ 18 Ah 20 Ah
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Short ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Circuit)
.‫א‬‫א‬

182
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٦{١{٢{١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠ ،‫א‬
‫א‬       J ٣٠     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬K1
.‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 

183
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WIUI‫ א‬.٤
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ،      
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Inverter‫א‬٦{١{٣
   ‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬٦{١{٣{١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ J٦F‫א‬
 E١F    ‫א‬ ‫א‬        
 WE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٦F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬E٦ J٦F‫א‬
 
 

184
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
S1 OF
FF ON OFF ON O
OFF
S2 OF
FF ON OFF ON O
OFF
S3 OF
FF OFF ON OFF O
ON
S4 OF
FF OFF ON OFF O
ON
Load Voltag
ge Zeero + Vd - Vd + Vd - Vd

 ‫אא‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F ‫א‬

 E١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٧ J٦F

‫א‬

    

    
 ‫א‬   
 E٨ J٦F
‫א‬ 
E٢F
S1 OF
FF ON ON ON
N OFF OFF OF
FF ON ON ON
O
S2 OF
FF ON ON OF
FF OFF OFF ON
N ON ON OFF
O
S3 OF
FF OFF OFF ON
N ON ON OF
FF OFF OFF ON
O
S4 OF
FF OFF OFF OF
FF ON ON ON
N OFF OFF OFF
O
Load Vooltage Zeero + Vd + Vd Zerro - Vd - Vd Zerro + Vd + Vd Zero
Z

 ‫אא‬‫א‬‫א‬E2F ‫א‬

185
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٧F

‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬E٨ J٦F‫א‬E٧ J٦F
‫א‬

‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE٩ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
   
     ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  K
‫א‬
Tr4‫א‬‫א‬ Tr1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 Tr3،Tr2 
‫א‬‫ א‬



‫א‬E٩ J٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬
 

186
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Pulse W
Width ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٠ J٦F‫א‬ E١٠ J٦F‫אא‬M
‫א‬ Modulatition
 ‫א‬   E٢F ‫א‬
  E ١F 
‫א‬   
 
 E
E٤F‫א‬E٣F‫א‬

E J١ ٠ J٦F
‫א‬
 KE١١ J٦F‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 

(‫)أ‬

(‫)ب‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١ ٠ J٦F
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E١١ J٦F
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٢ J٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 

187
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٦‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

188
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢
Single  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
    Double Conversion  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Conversion
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢{١
‫א‬ Critical Load ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،  
‫ وينقسم ھذا النوع بدوره إلى ثالثة أنواع‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬
: ‫مختلفة‬

 Stand By (Off lineF‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢{١{١

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  E  J١٣ J٦F‫א‬  K      
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬     
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
.E J١٣ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 

189
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٦F‫א‬

 Ferro Resonant Standby‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢{١{٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٤ J٦F‫א‬Ferro resonant‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
 
 
 
 
 

190
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٦F‫א‬

 Line Interactive‫א‬٦{٢{١{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E ١٥ J٦F‫א‬ KE١٥ J٦F‫א‬
E ١٥ J٦F‫א‬  K‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E ١٥ J٦F‫א‬
 E ١٥ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

191
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

192
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٦‫א‬

 
 

 
 
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193
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Double‐Conversion On line UPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦{٢{٢
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
– ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E١٦ J٦F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬     E‫–א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،  
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٦F‫א‬
  

194
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
Power Electronic for Technology, Prentice
Ashfaq Ahmed
Hall,1999
Power Electronic: Circuit, Devices, and
M. H. Rashid
Applications, Prentice-Hall 2004.
David A Bradley Power Electronics, Nelson Thornes ,1995
Power Electronics Converters, Applicatin
Ned Mohan Tore M
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M. H. Rashid Spice For Power Electronics And Electric
Hasan M. Rashid Power , Second Edition ,2006

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