‘Solution 01 1. The Useful Energy gain? ‘The area of the receiver is: A, = DL = x x 0.06 x 10 = 1.88 m? Taking into account shading of the central part of the collector by the receiver, A, = (2.5 = 0.09) 10 = 24.1 m? To calculate Fy we first calculate F: A 1/3.82 fo 0.960, 0.060 Tn 0.06070.050) =" 32 * 300 x 0.050 2x16 me, 0.0837 x 3260 7,0, F ~ 188% 382x098 ~ 7477 FY = 24.77 [1 — exp(-1/24.77)] = 0.980 Fx =F" x F’ =0.980 x 0.984 = 0.964 ‘The useful energy gain is then: 1.88 x 3.82 24.1 xo964[ 130 — si (200 — 19] 8675 W eae aa A A(area) = Pe = D(area) = 9'm, In other words: D = 2 x 1) F = f(@,,D)?? bp (Dia 16D [i F=D tang, = ——> 16 F* tang, ~ 8DF - D? tang, Page 2 of 5——+(16 tan g,) x F? - (8D) x F - D? tang, =0 A= 64 D? + 64D? tang,” = 64 D*(1 + tang,”) > 0 — __ so-so ftrang? , Fy =< Os impossible apse [tstang,? Fo=—srane, 7 9 2)-For: D=9m and p, = 45°, F=5.43 m © Ipnor = Lg — Ip = 700 W/m? taper 200 seni Nanorm = Gen /2-05) ~ Stay) # Be Zenith angle sin(1/2 —8,)=cos g cosé cosw + sing sind Date = 27 May, 6 = 23.45° sin (360 21.27 Solar time=2___ pam. = 35°: sin(ar/2 ~ 8,) = cos(35) cos(21.27) cos(30) + sin(35) sin(21.27) = 0.87 700 bpm = 28 80S W/m? Pet = Iynorm X AX 1) = 805 X12 = 9.66 kW ); FM =MH =F Letix=rsing ; MH=Y+F Zrsing)? +F #(rsin gp)? +F- A= 1-sin? g = cos? >0 14 yoos*@ (72) sin? 9 = Greosoy2r _ __(-cosper oF "sine Cmcos@)(ircose) — Treosp m% Page 3 of= Utcos@2r _ __Atcos@)2F 2e r; 2 = Sin? ~ Gocosy(l+cose) ~ Tmcose > 2F; Impossible B- tan, =“; 6», and D are respectively the half-sun angle and diameter of the absorber. D/2_ (d/2)(1+cosp) d(1+cos@) fam Om = = op a C~ For F=2.53m ae _ 2x23 or Atcos@, — 1+c0s 80 eae © Wa = 2r, sing, = 2x (4.31) x sin(80) = 85m pp # sin On = 22 ——w D = 2.x 1, x sin Om = 2 x 4.31 x sin 16" = 0.04m We 85 p- = 35 = 212 A- See Problem 02 (A) Besing, =Ya2 = Mey toro) 2 ae my e080) sey (isenray oy” ine) = 2 —F GF D- Assuming a beam solar radiation of Ipeam=700 W/m?; * Total irradiance : ly = Ipeam * Arestector = Iveam * (Wa XL) Ip = 700 x x (5.6 x 40) = 156.8 kW Useful heat flux : fy = I x (1 — Absolute Losses) Jy = 1568 x (10.15) = 133.28 kW Toutiet 2? Heat density on the receiver: Hay = Ipeam * € X (1 — 0.15) = 700 x 112 x 0.85 = 66640 W/m? © ly = tm CyTouttet-Tintet) Toy a 188200 TO Mute © Ez00/a600)x4400 +50 = 60.25°C Solution 05 ‘A- The One-axis tracking system for trough parabolic concentrator is the most accurate solar trackers. It moves to follow the sun elevation, h (solar altitude). North-West North-East west Tas Page 4 of 5 pera BL 23" Des.B- If the collector was moving in 180°, Yes it has the capability to follow the sun position even at North. C- B = maximum @: Y Sunrise: sun-azimuth angle, a = —90° Or Y Sunset : sun-azimuth angle, @ = +90° B = minimum @: noon D- @ 10am. (21% June): ¥ sink v sina tani =t —— ¥=F-tana = 2m -tan(-71.06°) = 5.8m Page 5 of 5