Soil Test - 2

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
PROJECT: G+4 BUILDING

CLIENT: MESELECH WENDIFRAW
LOCATION: ADDIS ABABA, ARADA SUB-CITY
October, 2023
JEROCCIA Geotechnical Services & Engineering P.L.C

Addis Ababa , Yeka Sub City
Phone: +251-911-554-928/+251-911-696-633
E-mail: jerogeotech@gmail.com
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
Client MESELECH WENDIFRAW
Document Ref. No. JE/FR-0470-10-2023
JEROCCIA Geotechnical Services & Engineering P.L.C

Addis Ababa , Yeka Sub City
Phone: +251-911-554-928/+251-911-696-633
E-mail: jerogeotech@gmail.com
STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY
This report is submitted to MESELECH WENDIFRAW,

for Geotechnical Investigation report located in Addis Ababa,
Arada Sub City, with the Unique parcel Identification No.
AA000010700077 and with the understanding that it will be held in strict
confidentiality and will not be used in part or in whole for any other
puPrpose not specified in the working proposal.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project description
1.2 Objective of investigation
1.3 Scope of exploration
1.4 Location of the site and test pit
1.5 Regional geology of the site
2. METHODOLOGY OF THE INVESTIGATION
2.1 Sampling
2.2 Laboratory tests
2.2.1 Specific gravity
2.2.2 Grain size distribution analysis
2.2.3 Atturberge limits
2.2.4 Free swell
2.2.5 Direct Shear
3. GEOTECHNICAL CHARACHTERISTICS
3.1 Description of Geotechnical layer
3.2 Ground water Observation
4. FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATION
4.1 Bearing capacity calculation using C and Ø values
4.2 Additional consideration
5. CONCLUSION
List of tables
Table 1: Typical Values of Specific Gravity
ANNEXES:
ANNEXES A: Test pit Locations
ANNEXES B: Test pit Logs
ANNEXES C: Test pit Photos
ANNEXES D: Laboratory Test Results

List of Abbreviations and Symbols
BH - Boreholes
BS - British Standards
m - Meters
kPa - Kilo-Pascal (kN/m2)
GWL - Ground water level
NMC - Natural moisture content
N-value - Number of blows for 300mm penetration
LL - Liquid limit
PI - Plasticity index
PL - Plastic limit
TP – Test Pit
FS - Free Swell
D - Disturbed sample
UDS - Undisturbed sample

Geotechnical Investigation Report
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
This report is prepared on the basis of the agreement made with the client to execute
Geotechnical Investigation for the foundation of G+4 Building which is located in Addis
Ababa, Arada Sub City. Accordingly, two (2) test pits are Dug to a maximum depth of 1.30
m below the natural ground level in test pit two, as can be seen from the test pit log sheets
and the geotechnical investigation is done accordingly.
The geotechnical site investigation was carried out by Hang Tools and the necessary soil
samples are collected for laboratory testing.
The report generally covers the investigation of subsurface of soil formation and the
foundation to the proposed building resting in to the underling soil that the load supported
by the foundation and self-weight. The bearing capacity of the foundation layers, the
foundation type and the foundation depth will also be calculated and recommended in the
report.
1.2 Objective of the Investigation
The objective of this exploration is generally to identify and evaluate the sub-surface soil
Profile of the project site and give foundation recommendation for safe and economic design
of envisaged structures. This is done based on thorough understanding of the nature of the
required services, careful examination of the TOR and Methodology of the consultant.
The principal objective of the investigation is: -
- To evaluate the geological layers prevailing in the sub surface soil formation
- To classify different horizon of the profile
- To examine the consistency of the in-situ-layers
- To establish the presence of ground water
- To predict the preceding soil layer by considering the type of the geology of the project
area
Project: G+4 BUILDING

Client: MESELECH WENDIFRAW Page 1
- To conduct laboratory investigations for the purpose to determine appropriate

foundation for the envisaged building structure.
1.3 Scope of Exploration
The scope of this exploration work is outlined as follows:

- Determine the type and extent of geological layers;
- Investigate the presence of ground water and identify its level if encountered;
- Determine the engineering properties of the geotechnical layers constituting the sub-
surface geology of the project site;
- Develop engineering recommendations to guide design and construction of the project.
We accomplished these activities by:

1. Digging two (2) exploratory test pits at various locations to explore the subsurface
formation and ground water conditions;
2. Performing laboratory tests on selected representative soil samples collected from both
test pits to evaluate pertinent engineering properties;
3. Reviewing available geologic literature and soil mapping information;
4. Analyzing the field and laboratory data to develop appropriate engineering
recommendation;
5. Preparing this geotechnical investigation report which contains, the general and particular
geology of the project site, the methodologies employed, the investigation and tests used to
study the engineering properties of the subsurface strata including analysis and
interpretations of results and recommendation with regard to the bearing layer, bearing
depth, allowable bearing pressure and suitable type of foundation.
1.4 Location of the test pits

The selected project site is located in Arada Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The site was
owned by Meselech Wendifraw for the construction of G+4 Building.

1.5 Regional Geology of the Site

Addis Ababa is situated in the western margin of the main Ethiopian rift and represents a
transition zone between the Ethiopian plateau and the rift with poorly defined escarpment.
The geology of area is represented by four volcanic units dominated in the lower part by
basaltic lava flows (Addis Ababa Basalt), followed by pyroclastic sequence. Mainly formed by
ignimbrites (Addis Ababa Ignimbrite), followed by central composite volcanoes (Central
Volcanoes Unit), and finally small cone and lava flows (Akaki Unit).
Addis Ababa Basalt extensively Crops out along AkaKi, Kebena and Dukem rivers at the east
to southern part of Addis Ababa and represents the oldest unit of the area. It consists of
essentially sub-horizontal lava flows with thickness ranging from few meters up to 20m.
Maximum exposed thickness was found east of Addis Ababa, along the Kebena River, Addis
Ababa basalt is predominantly constituted by alkaline and olivine basalts with three main
textural attributed, that is, porphyritic, aphyric and Sub-aphric.
Addis Ababa Ignimbrite is exposed close to Addis Ababa along the Akaki and Kebena rivers. It
overlies the Addis Ababa basalt and locally covers the products of the composite central
volcanoes of Wechecha and Furi. The sequence is constituted by different flow units,
consisting of pale-green to pale-yellow welded and crystal rich ignimbrites.
Central volcanoes unit includes the yerer volcano and the product of the two composite
volcanoes Wechecha and Furi west and southeast of Addis Ababa, respectively. Wechecha
and Furi volcanoes are two large edifies composed by predominant trachyte with minor
pyroclastic. Yerer represents the largest volcanic edifice in the region, with a relief of 1000m
from the plain and 14 Km wide along east-west direction. Products mainly consist of
Trachyte, even if pyroclastic are widespread mainly in the central part sector. The highest
part of Yerer Volcano was affected by a more recent volcanic activity that produces spatter
cones and associated basalt.

Akaki unit crops out east of Addis Ababa and consists of scoria and spatter cones with
associated tabular lava flows and phreato-magmatic deposits. Alluvial deposits covering
these units consists of regolith, reddish brown soils, talus and alluvium with maximum
thickness of about two meters.
Fig-1 Geologic Map of Ethiopia
2. METHODOLOGY OF THE INVESTIGATION

Two methods of investigation have been adapted, field investigation and laboratory testing
in order to evaluate the under-laying soil formation considering the
geotechnical aspect of the proposed building. The sub-soil formation investigation is carried
out by executing test pits where exactly structure is laid on/ constructed/ and test pit
location has been located as can be seen on the site plan.

2.1 Sampling
The representative soil sample shall be obtained by means of approved sampling

procedures: All the soil samples recovered during the field investigation shall be properly
identified according to approved sample number, labels and placed in acceptable conditions
for further visual inspection, classification and testing.
For this specific type of project two test pits are dug to a maximum depth of 1.30m, and
disturbed soil samples are collected at representative layers to identify different engineering
properties of the soil in the laboratory to commute the foundation recommendation.
Soil samples were taken from the two (2) test pits to determine gradation, Atterberg limits,
specific gravity, and free swell tests to characterize the types of soil in the profile.
2.2 Laboratory Tests
Laboratory tests are useful in providing reliable data for calculating ultimate bearing capacity
of soils, stability and settlement behavior of foundation and for determining physical
characteristics of soils.
Therefore, representative soil samples are collected from all test pits and tested in JEROCCIA
Geotechnical Services and Engineering PLC Material Testing Laboratory.
The laboratory tests included in this report are:
▪ Specific gravity test

▪ Grain size analysis test
Hydrometer test
▪ Atterberg limit test (liquid limit and plastic limit)
▪ Free swell test

2.2.1 Specific Gravity
Knowing the particle density (Specific Gravity) is essential in relation to other tests, especially
for calculating porosity and voids and for computation of particle size analysis from
sedimentation procedure (Hydrometer Analysis). It is also important when compaction and
consolidation properties are considered. The specific gravity of a soil is used in calculating
the phase relationships of soils water, and solids in a given volume of the soil. Source: ASTM
D854-98:
Typical values of specific gravity are given below for assessing the soil type (from Bowles,
foundation analysis and design)
Soil type Specific Gravity, Gs Range
Gravel 2.65-2.68
Sand 2.65-2.68
Silty sand 2.66-2.70
Silt, inorganic 2.62-2.68
Clay Organic 2.58-2.65
Clay inorganic 2.68-2.75
Table 1. Typical Values of Specific gravity
2.2.2 Grain Size Distribution Analysis
Soil consists mostly different sized soil particles as major constituent ingredient. The
determination of the fractions of the particles will help to identify the soil type as well as to
estimate many other engineering properties such as strength and permeability and to
identify the soil is suitable for construction projects such as highways, dams and backfill.
Two methods are mostly used to determine grain size distribution:
▪ Sieve analysis for coarse grained portion of the soil.

▪ Hydrometer analysis for fine grained portions.

2.2.3 Atterberg (Consistency) Limits
Consistency test is one of the index properties tests and it is used to determine the degree of
firmness of the soil. Based on their mode of formation and mineralogical composition
different soils respond differently for the same moisture content. Atterberg limits are
empirical formulas developed to determine the soil consistency.
A wide variety of soil engineering properties have been correlated to the liquid and plastic
limits, and these Atterberg limits are also used to classify a fine-grained soil according to the
Unified Soil Classification system or AASHTO system.
Liquid Limit
The liquid limit is primarily used by civil and geotechnical engineers as a physical property of
a soil. The liquid limit allows engineers to classify soils into their applications. For instance,
one soil may have applications suited for foundations of buildings and in sub-bases of roads,
where another soil may be better.
Plastic Limit
The plastic (that is deforms without cracking apart) is the next state. The water content at
which the soil cracks when it is deformed (at a 3.2mm diameter) is the plastic limit (PL). As
the soil continues to dry, the particles get closer and closer together until they repel each
other with a force greater than the attraction forces. When the soil no longer deforms on
drying, it has reached the shrinkage limit.
2.2.4 Free Swell
Free swell of an expansive soil also termed as free swell index, is the increase in volume of a
soil without any external constraint when subjected to submergences in water. Such soils
have a possibility to damage the structure when the ground water table reaches the
influence zone. It is therefore always essential to investigate the swelling or expansive nature
of these soils which are likely to posses’ undesirable expansion characteristics. This test tries
to give a fair approximation of the degree of expansiveness of a given soil sample.
Selected samples from different depth were subjected for different laboratory testing.
Atterberg Limit
No. Test Pit-ID Depth (m) Free Swell
(%) Specific Plasticity Index
Gravity Liquid Limit (LL)
% (PI) %
1 TP-1 1.00 20 2.56 26 12
2 TP-2 0.50 90 2.47 77 38
3. GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.1 Description of Geotechnical Layer
Descriptive analysis was made on the soil samples derived from the two (2) Test pits. This
was used together with the laboratory tests and the following generalized geo-technical
layers are identified. Details on type and extent of the geotechnical layers are given in log
sheet (Test pit logs).
3.1.1 Layer 1 [Fill Material]

This layer is Fill material that extends below the natural ground level. This layer appeared in
both test pits with a maximum layer thickness of 0.30m in test pit one(TP-1), as can be seen
from the test pit log sheet.
3.1.2 Layer 2[High Plastic, Medium stiff, Dark Gray, Clayey SILT]
This soil layer is High-Plastic, Clayey SILT that extends below the Fill Material layer. It is dark
gray in color with medium stiff in consistency. This soil layer appeared in both test pits with a
maximum layer thickness of 0.80m in test pit two (TP-2). As can be seen from the test-pit log
sheets.
The following average engineering parameters are considered to represent this soil layer: -
Free Swell = 90 %
NMC = 29.17%
Liquid limit = 77%
Plasticity Index (PI) = 38%

Specific gravity = 2.47
3.1.3 Layer 3 [Low Plastic, Medium stiff, yellowish, Clayey Sandy SILT]
This soil layer is Low-Plastic, Clayey Sandy SILT that extends below the top Clayey SILT soil
layer. It is yellowish in color with medium stiff in consistency. This soil layer appeared in both
test pits with a maximum layer thickness of 0.30m in test pit two (TP-2). As can be seen from
the test-pit log sheets.
The following average engineering parameters are considered to represent this soil layer: -
Free Swell = 20 %
NMC = 17.47%
Liquid limit = 26%
Plasticity Index (PI) = 12%
Specific gravity = 2.56
3.1.3 Ends with Moderately Weathered, Medium Strong, Trachyte rock
This layer is moderately weathered, Trachyte that extends below the Clayey Sandy SILT Soil
layer. It ends as moderately weathered bed rock which was not possible to dig with hand.
This layer appeared in both test pits, as can be seen from the test-pit log sheet (TP-1&TP-2).
From engineering judgment and laboratory test results this layer considered as a foundation
layer to resist both shear and settlement failure.
3.2 Ground Water Observation
Ground water has an effect on bearing capacity and determines construction techniques.
From field investigation the ground water measurement is done as the end of the digging
and 24 hours later in both test pits water level depth measured from ground surface. Based
on the observation and measurement, Ground water was not encounter in all test pit.
However, variation in the location of the long-term water table may occur as a result of
changes in precipitation, evaporation, seepage and other factors not immediately apparent
at the time of this exploration.

4. FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION
Foundation recommendation refers to the determination of the bearing layer, depth and
allowable pressure on the bearing layer and type of foundation that could be adopted safely
and economically.
The determination of allowable bearing pressures shall be discussed based on combined

consistency / relative strength of the sub-surface soils from engineering judgment, field test
and laboratory test results. In selecting appropriate type of foundation, different factors
have to be taken into account. Basic design considerations include ensuring the load from
the superstructure not to exceed the allowable bearing pressure of the soil.
Both the laboratory test results and in-situ tests will be employed to determine the allowable
bearing capacity for the foundation design.
For the project at hand, Isolated Foundation is considered appropriate to support the
proposed structure. The foundation depth and bearing capacity will be decided based on the
foundation soil strata. Therefore, the following section discusses the methodology to
determine the allowable bearing pressure, selection of appropriate type and depth of
foundation. Geotechnical characteristics of the sub-surface geology mentioned on section 3
of this report will be used for this purpose.
In order to determine the type of foundation and the corresponding allowable pressure, the
governing failure mode should be identified. These modes of failure are settlement failure
and shear failure.
The foundation (isolated foundation) will be placed at 1.50m below the natural ground level.
4.1 Bearing Capacity

Bearing capacity is made using the methodology and approaches shown below gave a stress
to field and laboratory tests. Besides site inspection and laboratory results, engineering
considerations are prominent to come up with safe and economical foundation
recommendations.

As can be seen from the geological profile the foundation layer is covered with moderately
weathered Trachyte rock. The (ES-EN: 2015, 1997, Part 1 and Part 2) states that for highly
weathered rock (dense to medium dense Sandy GRAVEL/Gravelly SAND) the maximum
allowable bearing capacity taken to be 420Kpa. Therefore, using the new code (ES-EN: 2015,
1997) and by taking engineering judgment in consideration the following foundation
recommendation given for the structural design.
- Use Isolated Footing system

- Place the footing at 1.50m depth from existing ground level.
- Use allowable bearing capacity of 380KPa.
- embed the footing pad with in the bed rock.
- Width of the footing pad should not be less than 1.00m.
4.2 Additional Consideration
- The excavated High Plastic, Clayey SILT cannot be used as a backfill around the
foundation.
- Provide support mechanism during sub-structure work to prevent cave in.
- Provide at least 1.5m apron around the building.
5. CONCLUSIONS
This sub-surface geotechnical investigation for this project site was conducted by drilling two
(2) test pits to a maximum depth of 1.30 m below existing ground level. In-situ tests and
laboratory tests were carried out to determine the engineering properties of the soil layers.
From the investigation the following geotechnical layers are identified.
- Layer-1 [/Fill Material]

- Layer-2[High Plastic, Medium stiff, Dark Gray, Clayey SILT]
- Layer-3 Low Plastic, Medium stiff, yellowish, Clayey Sandy SILT
- Ends with Moderately Weathered, medium Strong, Trachyte Rock

Isolated foundation is considered to support the envisaged structures. The corresponding

values of allowable bearing capacities and foundation depths are given in bearing capacity
analysis.
Foundation excavation should be cleaned of all loose soil, leveled and protected from water.
If construction takes place during wet conditions, it is recommended that a thin layer of lean
concrete or compacted clean crushed rock be placed immediately after excavating to
anticipated foundation depth to serve as a working surface. Foundation excavation should
be kept free of water at all times.

ANNEX
ANNEX A
Project Site and Test pit Locations
ANNEX B
Test pit Logs
ANNEX C
Test pit Photos
Test pit digging Pictures
ANNEX D
Laboratory Test Results
JEROCCIA Geotechnical Service & Engineering P.L.C
Addis Ababa, Yeka Sub City
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
P.O.Box 17 Code 1071
E-mail:jerogeotech@gmail.com
Issue No. 1
Page No. 1
Project :- G+4 BUILDING

Client :- MESELECH WENDIFRAW
Location :- ADDIS ABABA, ARADA SUB CITY
Sample Id :- 0470/10/23
Date:- 17/10/2023
Free Swell Test Report
Free
TP Depth(m)
Swell(%)
1 1.00 20
2 0.50 90
Tested By: Yonas Asfaw Approved by: Mahalet Solomon

Date:- 17/10/2023 Date:- 17/10/2023
Please make sure that this is the correct issue before use
` JEROCCIA Geotechnical Service & Engineering P.L.C
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
Issue No. 1
Page No. 2

Sample Id :- 0470/10/23
Date:- 17/10/2023
Free Swell Test Report
TP 1
Depth(m) 1.00
A, Volume of Dry Soil (cm3) 10

B, After 24 Hours Swell Reading (cm3) 12
C, Free Swell % (B-A)/B*100 20
TP 2
Depth(m) 0.50
A, Volume of Dry Soil (cm3) 10

B, After 24 Hours Swell Reading (cm3) 19
C, Free Swell % (B-A)/B*100 90

Date:- 17/10/2023 Date:- 17/10/2023
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
Issue No. 2
Page No. 1

Sample Id :- 0470/10/23
Date:- 17/10/2023
NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT(NMC) TEST REPORT
TP Depth(m) NMC
(%)
1 1.00 17.47
2 0.50 29.17

Date:- 17/10/2023 Date:- 17/10/2023
` JEROCCIA Geotechnical Service & Engineering P.L.C
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
Issue No. 2
Page No. 2
Sample Id :- 0470/10/23
Date:- 17/10/2023
Natural Moisture Content(NMC) Test Report
TP-1
Depth(m) 1.00
Container No. (g) C-04
Mass of wet soil + Container(M2) (g) 362
Mass of dry soil + Container(M3) (g) 315
Mass of Container(M1) (g) 46
Mass of moisture(M2-M3)=W4 (g) 47
Mass of dry soil(M3-M1)=W5 (g) 269
Moisture content(Mc=(W4/W5)*100 (%) 17.47
TP-2
Depth(m) 0.50
Container No. (g) C-04
Mass of wet soil + Container(M2) (g) 387
Mass of dry soil + Container(M3) (g) 310
Mass of Container(M1) (g) 46
Mass of moisture(M2-M3)=W4 (g) 77
Mass of dry soil(M3-M1)=W5 (g) 264
Moisture content(Mc=(W4/W5)*100 (%) 29.17

Date:- 17/10/2023 Date:- 17/10/2023
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
Issue No. 3
Page No. 1

Sample Id :- 0470/10/23
Date:- 17/10/2023
Atterberg Limit Test Report Summary
TP Depth(m) LL PL PI
(%) (%) (%)
TP-1 1.00 26 14 12
TP-2 0.50 77 39 38

Date:- 17/10/2023 Date:- 17/10/2023
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
Project :- G+4 BUILDING Issue No: 4

Client :- MESELECH WENDIFRAW Page No : 1
Location :- Addis Ababa, Arada Sub City
Sample ID :- TP-1
Depth(m) :- 1.00
Description:- Yellowish,Clayey Sandy SILT
CLAY (%) 18.28 Test Type Hydrometer +Wet Sieve
SILT (%) 54.44 Sample Type Disturbed
SAND (%) 27.28 Lab-No JER/0470/23
Gravel (%) 0.00
Specific gravity 2.56
Cobble Sand Size Fine Grained

Gravel Size Coarse Medium Fine Silt Size Clay Size
100
90
80
70
Percent Pass (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Grain Size (mm)
Tested by :- Yared A . Approved by :- Mahalet S.

Lab Expert Senior Geotechnical Engineer
Please make sure that this document is the correct version before use.
Phone: +251-911-693-633/ +251-911-554-928
Project :- G+4 BUILDING Issue No: 4

Client :- MESELECH WENDIFRAW Page No : 2
Location :- Addis Ababa, Arada Sub City
Sample ID :- TP-2
Depth(m) :- 0.50
Description:- Dark gray,Clayey SILT
CLAY (%) 40.42 Test Type Hydrometer +Wet Sieve
SILT (%) 59.58 Sample Type Disturbed
SAND (%) 0.00 Lab-No JER/0470/23
Gravel (%) 0.00
Specific gravity 2.47
Cobble Sand Size Fine Grained

Gravel Size Coarse Medium Fine Silt Size Clay Size
100
90
80
70
Percent Pass (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Grain Size (mm)
Tested by :- Yared A . Approved by :- Mahalet S.

Lab Expert Senior Geotechnical Engineer
Please make sure that this document is the correct version before use.

Soil Test - 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Soil Test - 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soil Test - 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

PROJECT: G+4 BUILDING

JEROCCIA Geotechnical Services & Engineering P.L.C

JEROCCIA Geotechnical Services & Engineering P.L.C

This report is submitted to MESELECH WENDIFRAW,

1.1 Project description

1.2 Objective of investigation

1.3 Scope of exploration

1.4 Location of the site and test pit

1.5 Regional geology of the site

2. METHODOLOGY OF THE INVESTIGATION

2.2 Laboratory tests

2.2.1 Specific gravity

2.2.2 Grain size distribution analysis

2.2.3 Atturberge limits

2.2.4 Free swell

2.2.5 Direct Shear

3.1 Description of Geotechnical layer

3.2 Ground water Observation

4.1 Bearing capacity calculation using C and Ø values

4.2 Additional consideration

Table 1: Typical Values of Specific Gravity

ANNEXES A: Test pit Locations

ANNEXES B: Test pit Logs

ANNEXES C: Test pit Photos

ANNEXES D: Laboratory Test Results

kPa - Kilo-Pascal (kN/m2)

GWL - Ground water level

NMC - Natural moisture content

N-value - Number of blows for 300mm penetration

UDS - Undisturbed sample

1.1 Project Description

1.2 Objective of the Investigation

Project: G+4 BUILDING

- To conduct laboratory investigations for the purpose to determine appropriate

1.3 Scope of Exploration

The scope of this exploration work is outlined as follows:

We accomplished these activities by:

1.4 Location of the test pits

Project: G+4 BUILDING

1.5 Regional Geology of the Site

Project: G+4 BUILDING

Fig-1 Geologic Map of Ethiopia

2. METHODOLOGY OF THE INVESTIGATION

Project: G+4 BUILDING

The representative soil sample shall be obtained by means of approved sampling

2.2 Laboratory Tests

The laboratory tests included in this report are:

▪ Specific gravity test

Project: G+4 BUILDING

2.2.1 Specific Gravity

Soil type Specific Gravity, Gs Range

Table 1. Typical Values of Specific gravity

2.2.2 Grain Size Distribution Analysis

Two methods are mostly used to determine grain size distribution:

▪ Sieve analysis for coarse grained portion of the soil.

Project: G+4 BUILDING