Imagine you are a food scientist testing the sugar content of a particular brand

of breakfast cereal. The manufacturer claims that the cereal contains, on

average, 8 grams of sugar per serving. You've collected measurements of the
sugar content in 10 randomly selected servings and want to determine if the
actual sugar content differs from the manufacturer's claim.

Here are the 10 random sugar content measurements generated by the

website:

8.1 7.9
8.2 8.0
8.4 7.8
8.1 7.7
8.3 8.5

Performing the One-Sample T-Test using Excel.

t-Test: One Sample

Data
Mean 8.1
Variance 0.066667
Observations 10
Pooled Variance 0.06
Hypothesized Mean 8
df 10
t Stat 0.527046
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.304827
t Critical one-tail 1.812461
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.609654
t Critical two-tail 2.228139

H 0: µ ≤ 8

H 1: µ ≥ 8
1. Calculate the sample mean: Sum all sugar content measurements and
divide by n.

= 81/10
= 8.1

2. Calculate the sample standard deviation: This measures how spread

out the data is.
S=0.25819889

3. Set the level of significance: Common values are 0.05 or 0.01, depending
on the desired confidence level.

P value = 0.304827

4. Calculate the t-statistic using the formula

t-stat = 0.527046

5. Find the degrees of freedom which is equal to the sample size minus.

df=10

6. Find the critical t-value(s) for your chosen alpha and degrees of freedom.

critical t-value(s) = 1.8124

 7. Compare the calculated t-statistic with the critical t-value(s) to determine
if the null hypothesis should be rejected or not.

Determine if the (absolute) t value is greater than the critical value of t.

t=0.527046, critical t-value(s) = 1.8124

t > critical t-value(s)
0.527046 > 1.1824

t-statistic is not greater than the critical t-value(s), you fail to reject the
null hypothesis, indicating no significant difference.