Exam Pattern Exercise

Part A-Objective Questions

9. Pressure does not have any significant effert.
solubility of solids in liquids because
Multiple Choice Questions (a) solids are highly compressible CBSE 2021 (Ten
example (b) liquids are highly compressible
1. Which of the following is the correct in gas (c) solubility of solidin liquid is directly proportional to
of solid solution in which the solute is
pressure
phase? (d) solids and liquids are highly incompressible
(a) Copper dissolved in gold
(b) Camphor in nitrogen gas 10. KH value for Ar(g), CO, 8), HCHO (g) and CH,(a) 2
(c) Hydrogen in palladium 40.39,1.67, 1.83 x 10 and 0.413 respectively. Arz».
(d) All of the above these gases in the order of their increasing solib
72 g of water.
2. 184 g ethyl alcohol ismixedofwith
alcohol to water
(a) HCHO <CH, <CO, < Ar NCERT Exem
The ratio of mole fraction (b) HCHO < CO, < CH, < Ar
is
(d) 1:1 (c) Ar < CO, < CH, <HCHO
(b) 1:2 (c) 1:4
(a) 3:4 (d) Ar < CH, < CO, < HCHO
pure water
3. Molarity (in mol/L) of distilled or 11. Which of the following azeotropic solutions has th
is
(c) 49.87 (d) 81 boiling point less than the boiling point of its
(a) 55.56 (b) 18 constituents molecules? All India:
of NaCl was
4. 4 L of 0.02 Maqueous solution of
(a) CHCl, and CH, COCH,
diluted by adding 1L of water. The molarity (b) CS, and CH, COCH,
the resultant solution is ... . NCERT Exemplar
(b) 0.008 (c) CH,CH, OH and CH, COCH,
(a) 0.004 (d) CH,CHO and CS,
(c) 0.012 (d) 0.016
of two liquids has a bou
5. The molality of a urea solution
in which 12. An azeotropic solution
two when it
0.0100 g of urea, [(NH, ),CO] is added to point higher than either of the CBSE 2021 (Te
0.3000 of water at STP is
deviation from Raoult's law
(a) 0.555 m
(b) 5.55 x 10 m (a) shows a negative
from Raoult's law
(c) 33.3 m
(d) 3.33 x 10 m (b) shows a positive deviation
(c) is saturated
6. Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with (d) shows no deviation from
Raoult's law
rise in temperature because dissolution is an is mixed with 1mole o!
CBSE SQP (Term ) 13. When 1mole of benzene contain (Given: vapou
(a)endothermic and reversible process toluene. The vapours will pressureoftoluen
(b) exothermic and reversible process benzene =12.8 kPa and vapour CBSESQ
(c) endothermic and irreversible process -3.85 kPa).
andtoluene as it forms ai
(d) exothermic and irreversible process (a) equal amount of benzene
solution
7. Abeaker contains a solution of substance 'A'. benzene andtoluene as it formis d
Precipitation of substance A' takes place (b) unequal amount of
non-ideal solution
when small amount of 'A' is added to the
solution. The solution is ... NCERT Exemplar (c) higher percentage of benzene
(a) saturated (b) supersaturated (d) higher percentage of toluene
(c) unsaturated (d) concentrated
notto2021
14. Which one of the following pairs willCBSE
8. solution?
Maximum amount of asolid solute that can
be dissolved in a specified amount of a given (a) Benzene and toluene
liquid solvent does not depend upon .... (b) n-hexane and n-heptane
(a) temperature (b) nature of solute (c) Ethanol and acetone
(c) pressure (d) Bromoethane and chloroethane
(d) nature of solvent
Solutions
27

15. The freezing point of a 0.2 molal solution of a 23. An azeotropic mixture of two liquids has a
non-electrolyte in water is CBSE 2021 (Term ) boiling point higher than either of the two liquids
(K,for water -1.86K kg mol ) when it CBSE 2023
(a)-0.372°C (b) - 1.86°C
(c)+ 0.372°C (a) shows large negative deviation from Raoult's law
(d) +1.86°C (b) shows nodeviation from Raoult's law
16. How much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1litre of (c) shows large positive deviation from Raoult's law.
water so that the solution will freeze at- 14°C? (d) obeys Raoult's law.
(K, for water -1.86°C/mol) CBSE SQP (Term I) 24. Isotonic solutions have CBSE 2023
(a) 7.5 mol (b) 8.5 mol (c) 9.5 mol (d) 10.5 mnol (a) same osmotic pressure
17. Theosmotic pressureof a solution increases if (b) same boiling point
CBSE 2021(Term I) (c) same melting point
(a) the volume of the solution increases (d) same vapour pressure
(b) the number of solute molecules is increased 25. Value of Henry's constant Ky: CBSE 2023
(c) temperature is decreased (a) increases with decrease in temperature
(d) solution constant (R) is increased (b) decreases with increasing in temperature
18. At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a (c) increases with increase in temperature
concentrated solution of asubstance (d) remains constant
NCERT Exemplar 26. Acompound undergoes complete tetramerization
(a) is higher than that of a dilute solution in a given organic solvent. The van't Hoff factor
(b) is lower than that of a dilute solution () is CBSE 2023
(c) is same as that of a dilute solution (a) 4.0 (b) 0.25
(d) cannot be compared with osmotic pressure of dilute (c) 0.125 (d) 2.0
solution
19. In which of the following cases blood cells will Assertion-Reason
shrink?
CBSE SQP (Term I) Directions (Q. Nos. 27-37) 1In the following questions.
(a) When placed in water containing more than 0.9%
(mass/volume) NaCl solution an Assertion (A) is followed by a corresponding Reason (R).
(b) When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass Use the following keys to choose the appropriate answer.
/volume) NaCl solution (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is the correct
(c) When placed in water containing 0.9% (mass/volume) explanation of (A).
NaCl solution (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is not the correct
(d) When placed in distilled water explanation of (A).
20. We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled (c) (A) is correct; (R) is incorrect.
as 'A, B and 'C' with concentrations 0.1M, 0.01M (d) (A) is incorrect: (R) is correct.
and 0.001 M,respectively. The value of van't Hoff 27. Assertion (A) Osmotic pressure is a colligative
factor for these solutions will be in the order ......
property.
NCERT Exemplar
(a) i <i_ <ic Reason (R) Osmotic pressure is proportional to
(b) i4 >ig >ic the molality. CBSE 2023
(d) i <i_ >iç
28. Assertion (A) When NaCl is added to water, a
2 I mole of liquid Aand 2 moles of liquid Bmake a depression in freezing point is observed. CBSE 2023
solution having a total vapour pressure 40 torr. Reason (R) The lowering of vapour pressure of a
The vapour pressure of pure A and pure B are 45 solution causes depression in the freezing point.
torr and 30torr respectively. Theabove solution
(a) is an ideal solution CBSE 2023 29. Assertion (A) One molar aqueous solution has
(b) shows positive deviation always higher concentration than one molal.
(c) shows negative deviation Reason (R) The molality of a solution depends
(d) is a maximum boiling azeotrope. upon the density of the solution whereas molarity
does not.
22. If molality of a dilutesolution is doubled, the value
of the molal elevation constant (K, ) will be 30. Assertion (A) Aquatic species are more
(a) halved (b) doubled CBSE 2023 comfortable in cold water rather than in warm
(c) tripled (d) unchanged water. CBSE SQP 2021
 28
Allinone Chemistry

S
Reason (R) Different gases have different Ku Accordingto many researches the
values at the sanme temperature.
31. Assertion (A) When scuba divers come
decrease
freezing point directly correlated to the
concentration of solutes dissolved
in
in the
towards
surface, their capillaries get blocked which is
This phenomenon is expressed as freezing Do
depression and it is useful | for several
solven
painfuland dangerous to life. applica
such as freeze concentration of liquid food
Reason (R) There occurred release of dissolved find the molar mass of an unknown solute in
gases as the pressure decreases and leads to the solution. Freeze concentration is a high qualih.
formation of bubbles of nitrogen in the blood. liquid food concentration method where
32. Assertion (A) Cryoscopic constant
nature of solvent. depends on removed by forming ice crystals. This is done water
cooling the liquid food below the freezing poin
Reason (R) Cryoscopic constant is a universal the solution's identity.
constant. The freezing point depression is referred as a
33. Assertion (A) Ethanol and acetone show positive colligative property and it is proportional to
deviation from Raoult's law. molar concentration of the solution (m), along
Reason (R) Pure ethanol molecule exhibit vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevatio
and osmotic pressure. These are physical
hydrogen bond and on adding acetone hydrogen characteristics of solutions that depend only ont
bond between ethanol molecules
breaks. identity of the solvent and the concentration of
34. Assertion (A) Nitric acid and solute. The characters are not depending on 1
water form
maximum boiling azeotrope. CBSE SOP 2021 solute's identity.
Reason (R) Azeotropes are binary mixture CBSE Question
(i) When a non-volatile solid is added to pure
having the samne composition in liquid and water it will
vapour phase.
(a) boil above 100°C and freeze above 0°C
35. Assertion (A) The vapour pressure (b) boil below 100°C and freeze above 0°C
of 0.1M sugar
solution is less than that of 0.IM (c) boil above 100°C and freeze below 0°C
chloride solution. potassium
(d) boil below 100°C and freeze below 0°C
Reason (R) Lowering of vapour pressure is (iü)
directly proportional to the number Colligative properties are
of species (a) dependent only on the
solute and independentconcentration
present in the solution. of the
36. of the solvent's and
Assertion (A) NaCl in water and organic acids in solute's identity.
benzene show abnormal molecular mnass. (b) dependent only on the identity of the
Reason (R) Abnormal molecular mass is solute and the concentration of the solute as
obtained when the substance in the solution independent of the solvent's identity.
undergoes dissociation or association. (c) dependent on the identity of the solvent and
solute and thus on the
37. Assertion (A) Osmotic pressure is a colligative solute. concentration of the
property. CBSE 2021 (Term I) (d)
Reason (R) Osmotic pressure of a solution dependent
and the
only on the identity of the solven!
depends on the molar concentration of solute at concentration of the solute and
any temperature, T.
independent of the solute's identity.
(iii) ldentify which of the
following is a colligativ
Case-Study property
(a) Freezing point (b) Boiling point
38. Boiling point or freezing point of
would be affected by the dissolvedliquid solution (c) Osmotic pressure (d) All of these
solids in the (iv) What happens to freezing
liquid phase. A soluble solid in solution has the point of benzene
effect of raising its boiling point and when naphthalene is added?
its freezing point. The addition of depressing (a) Increases
non-volatile
substances to a solvent decreases the vapour (b) Decreases
pressure and the added solute particles affect (c) Remains unchanged
the formation of puresolvent cryst als. (d) First decreases and
then increases
Solutions
Or Assume three samples ofjuices A, B and Chave
glucose as the only sugar present in them. The
concentration of samples A, Band Care 0.1 M,
0.5 M and 0.2 M
respectively. Freezing point
will be highest for the fruit juice
(a) A (b) B (c) C
(d) All have same freezing point
20 When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent.
the freezing point of the formed solution is
always
lower than that of pure solvent. This difference in
freezing point is known as depression in freezing
point. IfAT, is the freezing point temperature of
pure solvent and T, is the freezing point
temperature of the solution when non-volatile
solute is dissolved in it, then depression in freezing
point (AT) is given by.
AT, =T; -T,
For dilute solutions, AT, =K,m
|where, m =molal concentration of the solution]
In these question that follow Assertion and
Reason are given. Reason issupported to
the explanation for Assertion. Study carefully
and then mark your answers, according to the
codes given below.
Marks your answer as
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R)are true but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
(i) Assertion (A) The freezing point of solution is
always lower than that of pure solvent.
Reason (R) Non-volatile solute decreases the
vapour pressure of the solvent.
() Assertion (A) Depression in freezing point
depends upon K,.
Reason (R) Depression in freezing point depends
upon molality of solution.
(m) Assertion (A) Cryoscopic constant is also known
as molal freezing point depression constant (K,).
Keason (R) It contains 100g of solvent for 1molal
solution.
) Assertion (A) The depression in freezing point of
J% glucose in water is 4.0 K.
Or
Reason (R) K, iis 13.962 K kg mol!
Assertion (A) K, is not unit less.
Reason (R) Unit of K, is Kkgi3 mol!.
29
Part-B Subjective Questions
Short Answer Type Questions
1. A solution obtained by mixing 300 g of 25%
and 400 g of 40% solution by mass. Calculate the
mass % of the resulting solution.
2. Calculate the molality of K,CO, solution which is
formed by dissolving 2.5g of it in 1 L of solution.
Density of solutionis 0.85 g mnL'.
3. At what partial pressure, oxygen will have a
solubility of 0.05 gL in water at 293 K?
[Henry's constant (KH) for O, in water at 293 K is
34.86 kbar. Assumne the density of the solution to
be samne as that of the solvent.]
4. Ky value for Ar(g), co,(g), HCHO(g)and
CH, (g) are 40.39, 1.67, 1.83 x 10 and 0.413
respectively.
Arrange these gases in the order of their
increasing solubility by giving suitable reason.
5. Why the solubility of Glauber's salt
(Na,SO,-10H,O) first increases upto 32.4°C and
then decreases?
6. At 80°C, the vapour pressure of a pure liquid A is
520 mm of Hg and that of pure liquid B is 1000
mm of Hg. If a mixture of A and B boils at 80°C
and 1atm pressure, then what is the amount of A
in the mixture?
7. Why constant boiling mixtures behave like a
single component when subjected to distillation?
8. Write four differences between solutions having
positive deviation and solutions having negative
deviations from Raoult's law.
9. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of
non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a
vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K.
Calculate the molar mass of the solute.
(Vapour pressure of pure water at 308K =32 mm
of Hg) AllIndia 2015
10. A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of
winter green (methyl salicylate) in 99 g of benzene
has aboiling point of 80.31'C and K, for benzene is
2.53 K kg mol. Find molar mass of the solute.
Boiling point of benzene =80°C.
11. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has
freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing
pont of 10% plucose in water, if freezing point of
pure water is 27315K.
 30
Given, molar mass of sucrose - 342 g moland
molar mass of glucose -180g mol
Delhi 2017, AllIndia 2017
12. A5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has
a freezing point of 271K. Calculate the freezing point
of 5% (by mass) solution of glucose in water. The
freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. (Molar mass
of cane sugar = 342 g mol and molar mass of
glucose = 180 g mol')
13. Calculate the freezing point depression expected
for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of Na,SO4. If this
solution actually freezes at 0.320°C, what would be
the value of van't Hoff factor? (K,for water is
1.86°C mol ')
14. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure as
compared to other colligative properties for the
determination of molar masses of solutes in
solutions?
15. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes
below 273 K. Explain the lowering in freezing point
of water with the help of a suitable diagram.
Delhi 2013 C
16. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Measurement of osnmotic pressure method is
preferred for the determination of molar
masses of macromolecules such as proteins and
polymers.
(ii) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold
water than in warm water.
(iii) Elevation of boiling point of1 M KCI
solution is nearly double than that of 1 M
sugar solution. CBSE 2018
17. ) When dehydrated fruits and vegetables are
placed in water, they slowly swell and return to
original shape. Why? What is the effect of
temperature on this process? Explain.
Long Answer Type Questions
328 K are 741.8 mm of Hg and 632.8 mm of Hg,
Z0. Vapour pressure of pure acetone and chloroform at
respectively. Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire
Phlorfora and Pacetone as a function ofxonot The experimental data
of mixture is
23.4 36.0
11.8
202.4
Pnnm of Hg 54.9 110.1
Pslorsom/nmof 1g. 632.8 548.1 469.4 359.7
whether it has positive deviation or negative deviatio
Plot this data also on the same graph paper. Indicate
fromthe ideal solution.
Allinone ChemistryClass 2
(i1) Prove that relative lowering in vapour
pressure of a liquid on addition of
non-volatile solute is a colligative
property.
18. (1) Why is boiling of 1MNaCl solution more
than that of 1Mglucose solution ?
(ii) A non-volatile solute 'X (molar mass - 50
gmol) when dissolved in 78g of benzene
reduced its vapour pressure to 90%.
Calculate the mass of X dissolved in the
solution.
(iüi) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a
solution prepared by adding 10g of MgCl, to
200 g of water assuming MgCl, is
completely dissociated.
(K, for water = 0.512 Kkg mol, molar mass
of MgCl, =95 g mol). CBSE 2023
19. (i) Why is the value of van't Hoff factor
ethanoic acid in benzene close to0.5 ?
(iü) Determine the osmotic pressure of a
solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 x10g
of K, SO, in 2L of solution at 25°C, assuming
that K, S0, is completely dissociated.
(R =0.082 L atm K'mol,Molar mass
K,SO, =174 g mol).
(iii) When 25.6 gof sulphur was dissolved in
1000g of benzene, the freezing point
lowered by 0.512 K. Calculate the formula of
Sulphur (S,).
(K,for benzene =5.12 K kg mol,Atomic
CBSE 2023
mass of sulphur =32 g mol).
range of composition, plot protal:
observed for different compositions
64.5 72.1
50.8 58.2
521.1
322.7 405.9 454.1
120.7
257.7 193.6 161.2
NCERT
Soiutions
() Why does a solution of chloroform and acetone
show ncgative deviation from Raoult's law?
(1) State how the vapour pressure of a solvent is
affected, when anon-volatile solute is
dissolved in it?
(iii)) A solutionof glucose (CeH,,O,) in water is
labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the
molality of the solution? (Molar mass of
glucose - 180 g mol ')
(i) Two liquids X and Y boil at 100°Cand 120°C
respectively. Which of them has higher vapour
pressure at 50°Cand why?
(iü) Calculate the boiling point of a solution
prepared by adding 15.0 g of NaCl to 250 g
water. (K, for water = 0.512 K kg mol; molar
mass o. NaCl = 58.44 g)
(iii) Calcuiate the lowering of vapour pressure for
0.1 m aqueous solution of
non-electrolyte at
75°C. (AH -9.720 K cal mol, p, =742.96 torr)
23. (i) Give the differences (any three) between ideal
and non-ideal solutions.
(ii) Which of the following solutions will have the
highest and lowest osmnotic pressure? and why?
(a) Sugar in water (b) Salt in water
4. (i) What is van't Hoff factor?
(ii) What possible values can it have if the solute
molecules undergo dissociation?
(ii) An aqueous solution containing 12.48g of
barium chloride in 1.0 kg of water boils at
373.0832
K. Calculate the degree of
dissociation
of barium chloride.
(Given, K, for H,0=0.52 K m; molar mass of
BaCl, -208.34 g mol).
se-Study
5. The
concentration of a solute is very important in
studying chemical reactions because it determines
how often molecules collide in
solution and thus
indirectly determine the rate of reactions and the
conditions at equilibrium.
There are several ways to express the amount of
solute present in a solution. The concentration of a
solution is a measure of the amount of solute that
has been dissolved in a given amount of
solvent or
solution. Concentration can be expressed in terms
of molarity, molality parts per million, mass
percentage, volume percentage, etc.
Answers the following questions given below
(i) If0.1M AgNO, and 0.1 M NaCl solutions are
mixed in same volume, then what will be the
concentration of nitrate ions?
31
(ii)) What would be the concentration of 100 mL
solution in which 6.02 x 102º molecules of
urea are present?
(iüi) Name any two concentration terms which
are independent of the temperature.
(iv) Molality of an aqueous solution of urea is
4.44 mol/kg. What will be the mole fraction
of urea in a solution?
Or What do you understand by 20% (w/V)
solution of NaOH?
26. The spontaneous flow of solvent molecules from
solvent side tosolution side or from a region of
lower concentration to a region of higher
concentration through a semipermeable
membrane is called osmosis. It is different from
that of diffussion, where the movement is in
reverse direction.
The minimum pressure that has to be exerted/
applied on the solution to prevent the entry of
solvent into solution through semipermeable
membrane is called osmotic pressure.
This concept is used in desalination of sea water.
The growth of plants depends mainly on the
phenomenon of osmosis. Two solutions having
same osmotic pressure are called isotonic.
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Molecular mass of a solute can be determined
from the osmotic pressure
measurenments.
Osmotic pressure is represented by t.
Also, nV = nRT.
When there are two solutions and if one of the
solutions is of lower osmotic pressure, it is called
hypotonic and the other is called hypertonic
with respect to other. The osmotic
be experimentally measured by using
pressure can
Berkeley
Hartley method.
Answers the following questions given below
(i) Are equimolar solutions of sodium
and urea isotonic? chloride
(ii) What is the Berkeley-Hartley method and
name the semipermeable membrane used in
this method?
(ii) What happens if red bloodcells are
removed
from the body and placed in pure water?
(iv) What will be the osmotic pressure of a
solution containing 3.42 g of cane sugar in
1litre solution at 27C. (Molar mass of cane
sugar -342 g).
Or State the condition for reverse osmosis