Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s

C.N.M. SCHOOL & N.D. PAREKH PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL

BIOLOGY
STD IX - STUDY SHEET -2023-24
TOPIC- WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT

Waste- Waste is any substance which is discarded after use.

CATEGORIES OF WASTE

1. DOMESTIC WASTE-The waste generated from our houses is called domestic waste.

i) Kitchen waste like peeling of vegetables and fruits, rotten non usable food items, shells taken
off from ground nut and other dry fruits.

ii) Plastic pickings and wrappings, broken plastic objects

iii) Broken glass utensils, mirrors, electric bulb

iv) Discarded worn out clothing and foot wear, old bed sheets, blankets

v) The daily news papers and magazines etc.

2. INDUSTRIAL WASTE-Waste produced by industries

i) Mining Operations-Huge quantities of waste produced by mining activities

ii) Cement industries-flyash, consists of fine solid particles of non combustible ash

iii) Oil refineries-While refining crude oil a lot of poisonous gaseous and liquid waste are produced

iv) Construction waste like waste stones, pebbles, broken bricks, wood waste etc.

3. AGRICULTURAL WASTE-Waste from agricultural fields.

i) Agricultural residue - plant part left after obtaining the usable portion.

ii) Bagasses (Plant residue of sugarcane after extracting the sugarcane juice).

iii) Pesticides and fertilizers

iv) Animal waste including cow dung and other faecal matter.

Study sheet-IX -Biology Page 1 of 2

4. MUNICIPAL WASTE:

i. House hold discharge of excreta and kitchen washings.

ii. Discharge from public toilets and hotels.

5. E-WASTE: It includes electronic waste like old computers, radios, cell phone, toys, medical
instruments etc.

METHODS OF SAFE DISPOSAL OF WASTE:

1. Segregation: The process of separation of refuse into reusable, degradable and non biodegradable.

i) Reusable waste includes-newspaper, old books, metallic components can be separated and
reused.

ii) Degradable waste such as –vegetable and fruit peels can be decomposed into useful manure.

iii) Non-biodegradable parts such as plastics can be dumped.

2. Dumping: Non biodegradable waste can be put at certain places away from human habitation.

3. Composting: Aerobic degradation of waste matter by the action of micro-organisms.

4. Drainage: A proper system of drains is required to carry away all kinds of fluid waste other than
sewage.

5. Incineration: The process of burning the waste at very high temperatures.

i. Advantages:

a. The ash leftover occupies much less landfill space.

b. Electricity can be generated from the heat released during burning.

ii) Disadvantage-Releases harmful gases which causes pollution

6. Scrubbers: Devises used to remove gaseous and particulate pollutants. Gaseous and particulate air
pollutants are passed through a dry or wet packing material.

7. Electrostatic precipitators: Dirty air containing particulates passed through a chamber containing
electrically charged plates. This device is used to remove flyash.

***********

Study sheet-IX -Biology Page 2 of 2