Electrostatics. Potential, Capacitance, Current, HEC - (Q & Ans.) C.B.S.E.

/ISE -12th Full Marks-35

Sec – A Reason (R) : Generally electric field is perpendicular
to equipotential surface.
01. Answer all questions [1 x 5 = 05] Ans. (a)
(i) Electric potential of earth is taken to be zero because
earth is a good (ii) Assertion (A) : Capacity of a parallel plate capacitor
(a) insulator (b) conductor increases when distance between the plates is
(c) semiconductor (d) dielectric decreased.
Ans. (b) Reason (R) : Capacitance of capacitor is inversely
proportional to distance between them.

(ii) An electric dipole of moment p is placed normal to the Ans. (a) Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is
  A
lines of force of electric intensity E , then the work C = 0 . Thus distance decreases and capacitance
done in deflecting it through an angle of 180 0 is d
(a) pE (b) +2pE (c) -2pE (d) zero of capacitor increases.
Ans. (d) W = PE(cos 900 – cos 2700) = 0.
Sec – B
(iii) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is C. If
one of its plates is removed, then capacitance of the 03. Answer any four questions [2 x 4 = 08]
isolated plate will be :
(a) C (b) 2C (c) Infinite (d) zero (i) There are two charged conducting spheres of radii r1
0 A and r2, find the (i) ratio of the charge on them if both
Ans. (d) C = ; when d → , C → 0 of them are at the same potential (ii) ratio of the
d potential if the charge on them are equal.

(iv) Four condensers are joined as shown in the adjoining Ans. (i) If they are at same potential,
figure. The capacity of each is 8F. The equivalent q1 r
capacity between the points A and B will be V1 = V2  = 1.
q2 r2
(ii) If the charge on them are equal,
V1 r
q1 = q 2  = 2.
V2 r1
(a) 32F (b) 2F (c) 8F (d) 16F
Ans. (a) In the given circuit all the capacitors are in parallel, (ii) Two charges of magnitudes -2Q and +Q are located
and so C = 4 x 8 = 32 F. at points (a, 0) and (4a, 0) respectively. What is the
electric flux due to these charges through a sphere of
(v) You are given several identical resistance each value radius 3a with its centre at the origin?
Ans. Gauss’s theorem states that, the total electric flux
R = 10  and each capable of carrying a maximum
linked with closed surface S is
current of one ampere. It is required to make a suitable
q
combination of these resistance of 5  which can carry  E =  E . dS =
E0
a current of 4 ampere the minimum number of
resistance of the type R that will be required for this job where, q is the total charge enclosed by the closed
Gaussian (imaginary) surface.
is
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 20
2 2
Ans. N =  RT   IT  =  5   4  = 16 = 8
 R  I   10   1  2

02. Answer all questions [1 x 2 = 02]

Assertion & Reason

Two statements are given – one labeled Assertion (A) The sphere enclose charge = -2Q
and the other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct 2Q
answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) Therefore, = (inwards)
0
and (d) as given below.
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (iii) Plot a graph showing the variation of terminal potential
of A difference across a cell of emf  and internal
(b)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct resistance r with current drawn from it. Using this
explanation graph, how does one determine the emf of the cell?
of A Ans.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

(i) Assertion (A) : Lines of force are perpendicular to

conductor surface. One can determine the emf of cell by finding terminal
potential difference when current I becomes zero.

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 Electrostatics. Potential, Capacitance, Current, HEC - (Q & Ans.) C.B.S.E./ISE -12th Full Marks-35
(iv) Three identical cells each of e.m.f 4V and internal
resistance ‘r’ are connected in series to a 6  resistor.
If the current flowing in the circuit is 1.5A, calculate the
internal resistance of each cell.
Ans.

 
There is a force qE on q and a force - qE on –

For combination of cells q. The net force on the dipole is zero, since E is
nE uniform. However, the charges are separated, so the
I = Here E = 4 V, R = 6, n = 3 forces act at different points, resulting in a torque on
R + nr
the dipole. When the net force is zero, the torque
3 x 4
I = 1.5 A, 1.5 = (couple) is independent of the origin. Its magnitude
6 + 3r
equals the magnitude of each force multiplied by the
 9 + 4.5 r = 12  r = 2 / 3 .
arm of the couple (perpendicular distance between
the two antiparallel forces).
(v) Determine the potential difference across the plates of  = q E x 2 a sin = 2 q a E sin
the capacitor C1 of the network shown in the figure. = p E sin
(Assume E2 > E1)   
 = pxE
Its direction is normal to the plane of the paper,
coming out of it. This torque will tend to align the
  
dipole with the field E . When p is aligned with E , the
torque is zero.
Clearly, the torque on the dipole will be
Ans. E 2 − q − E1 − q = 0 
C1 C2 maximum when the dipole is held perpendicular to E
 1 1 
. Thus max = pE sin 900 = pE.
E2 − E1 = q  + 
If E = 1 and = 900, then  = p, thus electric dipole
 C1 C2 
(E2 − E1)
moment is defined as numerically equal to the torque
q = C1 C2 experienced by an electric dipole placed perpendicular
C1 + C2 )
to a unit electric field.
q  E _ E1 
 V1 = =  2  C2

C1  C1 + C2  (ii) A conductor of length '' is connected to a d.c. source
of potential ‘V’. If the length of the conductor is tripled
by stretching it, keeping ‘V’ constant, explain how do
the following factors vary in the conductor :
(i) Drift speed of electrons (ii) Resistance and
(iii) Resistivity
A
Ans.  2 = 3 1  A 2 = 1
3
I1
Sec – C R2 = 9 R1  I2 =
9
04. Answer any two questions [3 x 2 = 06] I v d2 I A 1 1
d  , = 2 x 1 = x 3 =
A v d1 I1 A2 9 3
(i) What is an electric dipole? Derive an expression for 1
the torque acting on an electric dipole, when held in a  d 2 = d 1st Ans.
3 1
uniform electric field. Hence define the dipole
Resistivity does not depend upon  or A, hence it
moment.
remains same.
Ans. An electric dipole is a pair of point charges with equal
magnitude and opposite sign separated by a small (iii) Calculate the steady current through the 2  resistor
in the circuit shown.
distance.

Consider a permanent dipole of dipole moment p in a

uniform external field E , as shown in figure.

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 Electrostatics. Potential, Capacitance, Current, HEC - (Q & Ans.) C.B.S.E./ISE -12th Full Marks-35
Ans. In DC circuit capacitor offers infinite resistance. Sec – E
Therefore, no current flows through capacitor and
through 4  resistance, so resistance will produce no Answer all questions [5 x 2 = 10]
effect.
 Effective resistance between A and B 06. (i) One hundred and twenty five globules of water
2 x3 having equal radii and similar charges unite to from a
R AB = = 1 .2
2+3 large globule. How will the electric potential V, and
electric field strength E change ?
Total resistance of the circuit = 1.2 + 2.8 = 4 
Net current drawn from the cell
(ii) Calculate the work done to dissociate the system
V 6 3
I= = = = 1 .5 A of three charges placed on the vertices of a triangle
R (Total resis tan ce) 4 2
as shown here. Here, q = 1.6 x 10-10 C.
 Potential difference between A and B
VAB = IRAB = 1.5 x 1.2 = 1.80 V
Current through 2  resistance
VAB 1 .8
I' = = = 0 .9 A
2 2
Ans. (i) V ' = 25 V, E' = 5E.
Sec – D (ii) Work done in making the system (U) = Total
electrostatic potential energy of the system
Case study / passage based questions Distance r = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Answer all questions [1 x 4 = 04] U = U12 + U23 + U31
1  q ( −4q) ( −4q) (2q) (2q) (q)  1 10 q2
U= + +  = 4 . r
05. According to Ohm’s law, the current flowing through a 40  r r r  0
conductor is directly proportional to the potential 8 x (1.6 x 10 −10 )2
U = − 9 x 109 x = − 1.84 x 10 −8 J
difference across the ends of the conductor i.e. I  V 0 .1
V  Work done to dissociate the system
 = R, where R is resistance of the conductor.
I W = - U = +1.84 x 10-8 J
Electrical resistance of a conductor is the obstruction
posed by the conductor to the flow of electric current 07. State Kirchhoff’s laws. Using Kirchhoff’s laws, derive
through it. It depends upon length, area of cross- the condition for balance of Wheatstone bridge circuit.
section, nature of material and temperature of the
l l
conductor. We can write, R  or R =  , where
A A
 is electrical resistivity of the material of the
conductor.

(i) Dimensions of electric resistance is

(a) [ML2T-2A-2] (b) [ML2T-3A-2]
-1 -2 -1
(c) [M L T A] (d) [M-1L2T2A-1]
(i) (b)

(ii) If 1A current flows through a conductor when

potential difference of 2volt is applied across its ends,
then the resistance of the conductor is
(a) 2 x 106 (b) 3 x 105
(c) 1.5 x 10 
5 (d) 5 x 107
V 2
(ii) (a) R = = = 2 x 106 
I 10 −6
(iii) Specific resistance of wire depends upon
(a) length (b) cross-sectional area
(c) mass (d) non of these
(iii) (d) Specific resistance depends upon the nature of
material and is independent of mass and dimensions
of the material.

(iv) The slope of the graph between potential difference

and current through a conductor is
(a) a straight line (b) curve
(c) first curve then straight line
(d) first straight line then curve
(iv) (a)