1

Dr. N R PANGULURI (NRP)

+91-9738678240
drnrpanguluri@gmail.com

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 1

2

Incomplete octet

Vacant orbital

Free radical

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 2

3

(to the system)

(from the system)

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 3

4

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 4

5

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 5

6

only -I

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 6

7

Carbocation applications Carbanion applications Carbon freeradical

are used in are used in applications
are used in
Alkenes
Alcohol
Alkylhalide Alkanes
Phenol
Alcohol
Aliphatic acids
Ether
Aromatic acids
carbonyl

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 7

8

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 8

9
Application of electronic effects

1. Stability of Carbocations :

looking for electrons

2.

neutral

Stabilise Destabilise

-M, -I
+M, HC, +I

EDG always stabilizes carbocation

EWG always destabilizes carbocation

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 9

10

3.

strong donating weak donating

strong withdrawing weak withdrawing

4.

Dr. N R PANGULURI (NRP)

+91-9738678240
drnrpanguluri@gmail.com

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 10

11

4. Explanation :

Thirsty of water
100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml

100 rs

10 rs

1 rs

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 11

 12 (1)

4. Explanation :

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 12

12(2) For carbocation

stabilize less
stabilize more Patient
(no effect)

200 km 100 km 50 km

Blood donars

destabilize less destabilizes Patient

no effect more

200 km 100 km 50 km

somebody wants kill and take money

Stability of carbocation can be explained by

1. Resonance or Mesomeric Effect
2. Hyperconjugation & Inductive effect
3. only Inductive Effect
4. HC & M
5. Aromaticity

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 13

13

1.

Resonance doesn’t depend on distance

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 14

14
2.

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 15

15 3. Application of only Inductive effect
I depends on distance

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 16

16 3. Application of only Inductive effect

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 17

17

moderate

(destabilise less)

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 18

18

4.

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 19

19
Conclusion :

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 20

20

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 21

21

5. Stability of carbocation by aromaticity

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 22

22 Stability of carbocations in substituted benzenes
1.
3.

2. 4.

Dr. N R PANGULURI (NRP)

+91-9738678240
drnrpanguluri@gmail.com

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 23

23 Stability of substituted benzyl carbocations

M & HC is same at Ortho & Para position (don’t depend on distance )

I is diffeerent at Ortho, Meta & Para positions (depends on distance)

destabilizes less
destabilizes more

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 24

 24

M & HC is same at Ortho & Para position (don’t depend on distance )

I is different at Ortho, Meta & Para positions (depends on distance)

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 25

25

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 26

26

destabilizes more
destabilizes less

( ) ( )

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 27

27

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 28

28

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 29

 29

weak +I strong +I

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 30

30
Remember this chart

Exception :

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 31

31
Including Exceptions

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 32

32

Aromatic

vacant orbital

Dr. N R PANGULURI (NRP)

+91-9738678240
drnrpanguluri@gmail.com

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 33

33

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 34

34

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 35

35

Dr. N R PANGULURI (NRP)

+91-9738678240
drnrpanguluri@gmail.com

9. GOC 6 Carbocation Page 36