E PUR £ VER Y Wis COURSE BOOK LEVEL @ ADVANCED ¢ tf © & = fri © f. A COMPLETE SELF-STUDY PROGRAMPenguin Random House US Efitors Allison Singer Jenny Sias Editors Li Bryant, Bon Flrancon Davies Art Editors Donets Borasch, Clare Joyce, Clare Sheden, Michelle Staples Editorial Assistants Jessica Coats, Sarai Edyords lustrators Edwood Buen, Denise Joos, Clare Joes, Michael Parkin Jamma Westin ‘Audie Praducer Liz Harmend ‘Managing Edtor Darel Nits Managing Art Editor Anna Hall Project Manager Christine troyan Jacket Designer Nataie Godin Jacket Edler Clare Gl. Jackot Design Development Manager Sophia MTT Producer Pre-Production Luca Frassineti Producer Mary Sater Publisher Andrew Macinire ‘Act Director Karen Selt Publishing Director Jonathan Metesl! DKindio Jacket Designer Surabhi Wadhwa Managing Jackets Elitor Salon Singh Senior OTP Designer Harish Aggarwal Fist American Eton, 2016 Published inthe United States by DK Publishing ‘345 Hudson Street, New York, NewYork 10014 ‘Copyright © 2014 Dorling Kindersley Limited 1K, & Dison of Penguin Random House LLC 16171819 2010987654321 ‘001-28975P-sun/2018 llrightsreserved. ‘Whos lnting he rigs under the copyright reserved above, no part ot ‘his publication may be reproduced, sored in or ntroduced no a retrieval ‘system oF transmitted, inary frm, or by any means electronic, ‘mechanical, photocopying, recording, oF etherise, without the prior “orton permission ofthe copyright cue. Published in Great Briain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. ‘Acatatog record for ths bok, fs availabe from the Library af Congress, ISBN 978-1-4656-485-6 Ck books are avaliable at special dicounts when purchased in butk fr sates promotions, premiums, lund-rasing, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Strat, New York, New York 10016 Special Saies@tkicom Printed ond bound in China -Alimages © Dorting Kindersley Limited For further information see: wa. dhimages.com AWORLO OF IDEAS: SEE ALLTHERE ISTO KNOW edk.com Contents How the course works 8 HY Making conversation 2 New language Present tenses Vocabulary Meeting new people ‘Newskill Using question tags (EBB) Action and state verbs New language State verbs in continuous forms Vocabulary Action and state verbs Newskill Describing states 16 Using collocations 18 New language Collocations Vocabulary Beliefs and opinions New skill Talking about your ite Complex descriptions Newlanguage General and spectic adjectives Vocabulary Personalities New skill Ordering adjectives MBI Making general statements 26 Newlanguage Introductory it” Vocabulary Talents and abilities New skill Talking about talents and abies (ERD Vocabulary Travel and tourism 30 (DD Phrasal verbs 2 Newlanguage Phrasal verbs overview Vocabulary Trave! New skill Using complex phrasal verbs (GRID Narrative tenses 36 Newlanguage The past perlect continuous Vocabulary Travel adjectives and idiorns New skill Talking about a variety of past actions (DDT Giving advice and opinions 40 Newlanguage Modals for advice and opinion Vocabulary Recommendations New skill Giving advice and opinions (BBB Making predictions aa Newlanguage Degrees of likelihood Vocabulary Idioms about time New skill Talking about possibilities, 2Vocabulary Farnly and relationships «8-(UUNIBTY Vocabulary Working a Using discourse markers 50 (ED job applications 86 New language Linking information Newlanguage Prepositions and gerunds Vocabulary Family history Vocabulary Job applications Newsill Talking about reationships Newskil Witing a résumé and cover eter Past habits and states 34 BBS) Asking polite questions 30 New language “Used to" and "would! New language Direct and indirect questions Vocabulary Famiy values Vocabulary job interviews New sill Contasting the past wth te present Newskll Asking questions politely (QBBE comparing and contrasting 38 (UUBET complex verb patterns 34 New language “As.. as‘ comparisons: New language Verb + infintive / gerund Vocabulary Adjective-noun collocations Vocabulary World of work New skill Comparing and contrasting Newskill Using complex verb patterns Two comparatives together (EY double object verbs 98 New language Two comparative together New language Doubie object verbs Vocabulary Age and population Vocabulary New businesses New skill Expressing cause effect and change New ill Talking about staring a business (BNE Vocabulary studying (EBB Vocabulary Meeting and presenting 2 Taking notes (Reflexive pronouns 104 New language Organizing information New language Reflexive pronouns Vocabulary Academic fe Vocabulary Workplace language New kill Taking notes Now skill Talking about workissues (BBD speaking approximately 72 (UPN Meeting and planning 108 New language Generlizalion New language Combining verbs Vocabulary Approximate quartyplrases Vocabulary Office asks New sil Talking about numbers Newall Teking prt in meetings (DST changing emphasis 16 (UBS) Qualifying descriptions m2 Newlanguage The passive voice New language Non gradable adjectives Vocabulary Online learning Vocabulary Qualifying words New kill Changing sentence emphasis New skill Adding detail to descriptions BEBE Things that might happen 30 (UUED) Expressing purpose ne New language "What if" “suppose, in caso" Vocabulary Exams and assessment New skill alking about hypothetical stuations New language “In order to 's0 that* Vocabulary Language of apology Newsskill Expressing purpose[BBB Vocabulary Environmental concerns News New language “Few 122 (UBD Vocabulary Media and celebrity 162 Conditional tenses 124 (IT Reporting with passives 164 New language The third conditional New language Passive voice for reporting Vocabulary Environmental eats Vocabulary Reporting language New sill Taking about an unveal pat New skill Dstancing yourself fom facts Past regrets 130 (PE) Making indirect statements 168 New language "Should have" and “ought to have" New language Indirect statements Vocabulary Time markers Vocabulary Hed language New sill Expressing egret about the past New sil Expressing uncertainty Actions and consequences 134 (BB Adding emphasis 7 ‘New language Dependent prepostions New language Inve'sion after adverbals Vossblary Actnsan comequerces Vocabulary Medaand celebrity Changing sencence sess New stil Adcing emphasis tostatements (ERED Few or little? 138 (WEST shifting focus 176 ie? ewer! less New language Focusing with clauses Vocabulary Nature and envionment Vocabulary Phrase for emphasis ‘New skill Describing quantities ‘New skill Shifting focus [REY Vocabulary Tradition and superstition 144 (NNW) Vocabulary Crime and the law 180 (BBE Past possibility 146 Relative clauses 182 New language ‘Night may / could” in the past New language Relative causes Vocabulary Urban myths Vocabulary Crime and criminals New sil Talking about past possibility New kil Specifying and elaborating {EBB Specutation and deduction 150 (MBIBE) More relative clauses 186 New language More uses for modal verbs ‘New language Where, wheo, whereby, whose Vocabulary Phasal verbs without Vocabulary Courtroom phrases New skill Speculating and making deductions New sill Using olive words [RED Mixed conditionais 154 Modal verbs in the future 190 New language Mied condionals New language "Wille ale to "wl have to" Vocabulary Personality tats Vocabulary Legal terms New ski Talking about hypothetical situations New skill Expressing future ability and obligation [EID Adding”-ever*to question words 158 (NBER) Modal verbs overview 184 New language Words with “ever* Vocabulary Chance and weather phrases New sill joining a clause to a sentence New language Using madal verbs Vocabulary Modal verbs New skill Asking, offering, and predicting(GBD Vocabulary Customs and cultures 198 Talking about groups 200 New language Using adjectives as nouns Vocabulary Countries and nationalities New still Generalizing poltely (BDA) Vocabulary Art and culture 234 Leaving words out 236 Newlanguage Elipss Vocabulary Entertainment New sil Leaving out unneccessary words Old and new situations 204 New language "Be used to" and “get used to” Vocabulary Movingand living abroad New skill Talking about old and new situations Substituting words 240 Newlanguage Substuion Vocabulary Books and reading Newskil Replacing phrases Articles 208 New language Articles Vocabulary Commonly misspelled words New skill Saying words with silent letters (BED shortening infinitives 244 New language Reduced infinives Vocabulary Music and performance New kil Avoiding repetition Abstract ideas 22 New language Concrete and abstract nouns Vocabulary Education systems ‘New skill Talking about abstract ideas HED Eopressing reactions 248 New language Informal dscourse markers Vocabulary Advanced prefixes [New sil Structuring conversation (ED Vocabulary Technology andthefutwe 216 Future hopes 28 ‘New language "Wish with “would or Ycould” Vocabulary Hopes forthe future ‘New skill Talking about future hopes and wishes ‘The future continuous 220 New language The future continuous with “wil” Vocabulary Polite requests New skill Planning your career (I Tre future perfect 26 New language The furur perfect Vocabulary Lite plans New sil Making plans and predictions The future in the past 230 New language “Would and as going o* Voeabulary Changing plans New sil Saying what you thought HIS cetting things done 252 New language “Have / get something done? Vocabulary Services and repats [New sil Describing things people do for you (ETT complex agreement 256 ‘New language Complex agreement Vocabulary Collective nouns New sil Using the correct agreement "So" and “such” 260 New language "So" and"such' for emphasis Vocabulary Medical scionce New skill Emphasizing descriptions Using articles to generalize 264 New language Generic"the™ Vocabulary Exploration and invention New skill Using advanced arcles Answers 268 Index 8English for Everyone is designed for people who want to teach themselves the English language. Like all language courses, it covers the core skills: grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Unlike in other courses, the skills are taught and practiced as visually as possible, using images and graphics to help you understand and remember. The best way to lear is to work through the book in order, making full use of the audio available on the website and app. Turn to the practice book at the end of each unit to reinforce your learning with additional exercises. Modules Each units broken down Unt umber The books hed Learning pe v7 unt im mele wih so do neta ane taee cence incre rea uba epee Sagan eae seiner, yee ne enan een esata tenses | ee 1] Language learning “ Sa Modules with colored eh oe ed f ‘vocabulary and grasa, ied in Mew vor, we had it earl, ‘Study these carefully Wold go runnin Centra Park, we mous hve cau he an trees ‘s mole. pus mapniinhhs Mesum sude stockings jmstrge leanne Saher tel gaintneeuwene vances yourapesingan ering a ‘Siva.Language modules New language points are taught in carefully graded stages, starting with a simple ‘explanation of when they are used, then offering further examples of common Usage, and a detailed breakdown of how key constructions are formed, ‘Module number Every module isidentied witha unique number, Module heading The teaching 50 you can track your progress and ‘topic appears here along with ‘easiy locate any related audio. a rie intreduction. Tei) KEY LANGUAGE TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER * Seat yb dt 4 Sample agig wg po ea Wt wt Ft Secs teenna Sec Ng make new conducts cay The hiarder I train, the stronger I get. -— | tospot, and annotations explain them. rote youn "52 FURTHER EXAMPLES TWO COMPARATVES TOGETHER Fpottty apr pelarelang form and ent se them and so ‘ ¢ z j ~ y fetasanaidtoleaning and ca The worse the children behave, the angrier the teacher gets. - * audio This symbol aw tw ky incase the rode sentences Te louder the et meow, the louder tha dog bark. Csi bemotoew e Suleman, 15.3 HOW TO FORM TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER | harder mer E ; > 1) get. break down English grammar into its x “simplest pats, showing you how to bam pupa rere en comps mations Vocabulary Throughout the book, vocabulary module st the most useful English words and phrases, with visual ‘cues to help you remember them, Write-on tines You are encouraged to ite your own translations ofEngish vordsto ‘rete your own reference pages.Practice modules Each exercise is carefully graded to dri SPAM sendet VOCABULARY j iy ne language emer your indersanding and test the language taught in the Apply new language’ Sree Corresponding course book units. Working through the exercises alongside READING werrin the course book will help you remember amine argetlangvae Practice prodcng writen ‘hat you have learned and become Ineal-ife Engh contents, passages of English txt more fluent. Every exercise is introduced aes sdene with a symbol to indicate which skill is Fal veun inten 2} Sern ul ele Cah boeing practiced. ofipoker Engh ‘Simodel ad recordings. Module number Ever mile Exercise instruction Eery ‘sidered witha unique crore lsntrodced wath ‘urbe, s0 youcan ely late bier nstuction, elng rovers and relited a, Yyouwhat you need tod, | (CG) Rinecainerotir wos or WOU = ‘ Sample answer Te ist question | ch metres ts penn ooeesnter i fet cet Ys to hp ke the keto loth vente —aieaananccns nana be Jef sewerntiseierncipis.s en | eStats den eve stone ‘Supporting audio This symbol shows i thirtheanswesto the tee are OD wercasniconet nine oes avaiable a audio tracks Listen to | so. them atte: completing the exercise, "Supporting graphics | Space for writing Voscarue gm, sumeaeaned © {aia FOND TOTHE ADD SAN OUT ND UNE TATTON theexercies inthe book ore releence pied omens treo ama to e « stoning exercise This © cerubiestacewindiuon © find rondo symbol indicates that you . Should steno an audio veackinorderto answer the « ‘ ‘uestons inthe eerie 1 LSTEN TO THEAUDIO AND DECIDE WHICH THINGS ACTUALY WAPPONED| | Speaking enercise This symbol ineates that you should Say your ° answers outloud, then compare . Semnosecntng Se dé; &' Pualnparate 10Audio English for Everyone features extensive supporting audio materials. You are encouraged to use them as much as yau can, to improve your understanding of spoken English, and to make your own accent and pronunciation more natural. Each file can be played, paused, and repeated as often as you like, until you are confident = you understand what has been said. = USTENINGEXERCISES “Thissymbol indlates tat you should listen to an audio trackin order to answer the questions inthe exercise supronmins AUDIO x )) TWissymbol ines tat ct ado hats ele oyu ten {Defer compen the mods Track your progress os The course is designed to make it easy to monitor your progress, with regular summary and review modules. Answers are provided | ae § ee for every exercise, so you can see how well youhave understood | Riibmintduinmawhhwln | Saeco redt each teaching point. ESememcecta | te becker teboos Taisoeatoeneron Checks Every unitende witha | Sexier | heck where youcan check off a Adlohesmba the new skills you have learned. ‘hartag = zs sls ou answers can ao bettered, X Siete aan Prvmennyel) — Aaviimmennns EA vbrymetyow ten) vonnengine | Shite net ngo check bones Use these boxes Review modules Athe end ofa to mark thesis you el goup of units youl find amore comfortable with Go backand Seale review module, summarising review anything you fe! you the angiage you have learned pedo pactice ther | Ofrenew Tie evcusi YOURAVE EARNED UNISYS | | ee | anaes ‘vercive numbers mn Match these numers com tothe unique enter || ine top ie comer ne aceon ofeach exerciseMaking conversation oP eres have various tris the presenttense, including _g Newlanguage Present tenses continuous and perfect. You need to understand these Aa Vocabulary Meeting new people differences when making question tags. Be New skill Using question tags 1.1 KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE __PRESENTCONTINUOUS ‘The present simple refers to something, The present continuous refers to something that happens in general or as part of a thatis happening right now and will daily routine. continue for a limited amount of time. | usually cycle to work, but today |’m walking instead. H dh HH RS 1.2. REWRITE THE NOTE, CORRECTING THE HIGHLIGHTED ERRORS Mitosé, Tode yee YY MY first day, 12Fg 1.3 KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT Use the present perfect to talk about the recent past or general experiences in a lifetime up until now. I've just started a newjob. |\ve been meeting new people all week. f fH PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action that started in the past, but is continuing until now or has present results, rm *) 1.4 FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERI OR THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS |_have been waiting (wait) for a bus all morning, but | st eo = (read) for hours. My eyes @ Has the mail (arrive) yet? | OMyleg (hurt) all day, but! Q Have you _ (see) my keys?! __ @Haveyou (hear) about Carl? He __ o| (finish)! | @Haveyouever (visit) France? We _ eo = (try) to reach Tao alll day, but h BS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT till haven't seen (not see) one! 2 (start) hurting, (expect) a letter all week. ___(not see) a doctor yet (look) for them for ages. | _ (decide) to move. (write) this essay for ages. (look) at brochures, e _{not answer) yet *) B1.5 KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS Ifthe main clause Question tags are small questions added to the afthe adheres. ‘end ofa statement in informal convertor) positive, the question tag is negative, and vice versa, In most y vou lice meeting new people, don't you? cases, the question You dont like meeting new people, ‘io you? tag uses the verb 'do” Ifthe main verb The negative question is*be; "be" is also form of"/am "arent used in the ‘ v, e question tag. / a working tomorrow, aren't |? George isn't working today, ‘5 /\ What is Mariam’s profession? Mariam is a wildlife photographer. @ Where is Mariam from? @ What subject did she study in college? © How did she meet her husband? © What important turning point in her life does she mention? © Do Mariam and Julian have children? © Where are they planning to travel next year? 3.6 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE EVENTS TO WHEN THEY HAPPENED. 20Fg” (CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE Lisa wasreceivingy received an email from her friend every-morning/ this morning. @ Lisa was going / went to Thailand 25 years since /ago. © Bill had taught / was teaching when Lisa arrived in Thailand, Lisa and Bill were getting married / got married 23 years ago, on /in March @ Lisa had been traveling / has traveled for 25 years before she returned. © Barbara has graduated / graduated from college previous / last month. ” 3.8 USE “WHEN" AND “WHILE” TO DESCRIBE THE EVENTS ON THE TIMELINE, SPEAKING OUT LOUD / (P MOVEDITO CHINA| Got MARRIED | "HADABABY!)| WRoTE My THEsis |STARTED ASMALLBUSINESS) \S ay STUDYING FULL-TIME LIVING IN CHINA. STUDYING PART-TIME. I moved to China while I was studying full-time, e ‘ I got i gotmarried hota o e ‘wrote my th ° mes ° twas | started a small business. I starter @ 8 Collocatio ‘Aa Beliefs and opinions 1] Bie Talking about your life [] aComplex descriptions When you describe something using more than one 4? New language General and specific adjectives adjective, the adjectives usually have to go ina specific Aa Vocabulary Personalities order. There are several categories of adjectives. Bee New Skill Ordering adjectives 4.1 KEY LANGUAGE ADJECTIVE ORDER Opinion adjectives come before factual ones in a sentence. General opinion adjectives always come before specific opinion adjectives. OPINION ADJECTIVES — FACT ADJECTIVE What a nice, friendly little cat! adjective. It can describe adjective. It usually only paconae Soa «) 4.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES ADJECTIVE ORDER @B_It’sa fantastic, exciting new movie. he He’s a wonderful, kind old man. se TAFT What a horrible, ugly plastictable. @f\.That’s a lovely, stylish cotton shirt. ~) 4.3 HOW TO FORM ADJECTIVE ORDER Like opinion adjectives, fact adjectives must go in a particular order. OPINION ADJECTIVES FACT ADJECTIVES wonderful, kind { That'sa (lovely stylish 22Ko WRITE THE ADJECTIVES FROM THE PANEL IN THE CORRECT GROUPS SIZE SHAPE AGE MATERIAL orange cruel elderly enormous hohe silk green huge “seal eee oder square expensive i tasty yah ancient lesion Metal ted : awesome | 4.5 WRITE THE ADJECTIVES IN THE CORRECT ORDER uncomfortable) |_wooden | | horrible | It'sa___ horrible __,_uncomfortable _ wooden. chair. | don’t want to buy it. | rude terrible | © | don't like him at all. He's a man. Let's not invite him to the party. nice_| —|_young } | intelligent | © My mother thinks he's a . _____. boy. \_brown friendly | | sweet_| © Dad, look at this ___ puppy! Can we take him for a walk? (comfortable) | wonderful @ Should we buy this ‘ sofa for the living room? We really need a new one.to 4.6 READ THE PERFORMANCE REVIEWS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Performance Review: Jorge Perez Jorgeis very hard-working and his confidence has grown considerably since he joined the company last summer. He often looks beyond the immediate issues and is proactive in dealing with any potential problems before they arise. He has shown hhimself to be fair-minded, and he often helps others in his, team. In fact, he has proved that he has a natural flair for communication and leadership. We are delighted that Jorge has recently started a leadership skills course, and we will look to promote him when itis completed. Jorge has worked for the same company for several years. True [[] False (7 Notgiven [1] @ The author is pleased that Jorge is taking a leadership course. True [7] False [7] Notgiven [] @ Jorge is going to be promoted next month. True [| False [| Notgiven [| 47 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY U Performance Review: Maria Moran Given that Maria works in the HR department, we were hoping that her ‘communication skills would have developed more. Calling ‘one of her colleagues “bone-idle” during an appraisal is typical of her blunt approach. Fortunately, the colleague in question is broad-minded and accepted an apology, Despite taking part in several training opportunities, ‘Maria continues to take a narrow-minded approach to her work. Her refusal to acknowledge other people's opinions can make her seem big-headed and arrogant. © Maria works in the Sales department. True [_] False [_] Notgiven |] © Maria has taken part in a number of training courses. True [| False [_] Notgiven |_| © Maria is fairly broad-minded in terms of her approach to work. True [] False [] Not given (] & A ‘A manager is talking to her employee, Paul, about his performance at work during the past year. | @ On the whole, Paul hasn't really | settled in very wel | newrole. He is hard-working, but needs to work on his | team-building and communication skills. [] 24 © On the whole, Paul has settled his in really well in his new role. He isa hard-working and popular member of the team, but he needs to work on his communication skills. © On the whole, Paul has settled in really wel in his new role. He is hard-working, but needs to try to become | more popular and improve his communication skills. (] |FZ 4.8 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE NEGATIVE PREFIXES IN THE PANEL They were really rude and _wt friendly. @ He gossips and is ___kind to his co-workers. O Her office desk and her work are _—— organized. @ His last employer said he was _ trustworthy. @ He makes mistakes because he's ___ patient. @ She doesn't realize how ___ sensitive she is. @ She's ___ loyal to the company. © He's 25 now, but he’ rather __ mature at work. @ Im afraid she's quite an __efficient worker. nf ”)) fe FIND 10 ADJECTIVES IN THE GRID AND WRITE THEM UNDER THE CORRECT HEADING GEXCELLENTON § _ PoOSitiveanjectives NEBNLLNRTQEPV oust — NDEFJPOPULARD @ RINRERTIUTCOI ° ee QUVUEPCAMDCAI 6 EDTSTOYVYALAECD @» oe UL Zk T-So LO Z Cr OU TZ EAVRTSVV J SNE D_ jecativeaojectives LICMATUREGJKVI Oli PHP TRATLIELES FWCIMPATIENTD | UBCNAFGEIJDLM <_______ LNQGARROGANTD ° = [ie GsnerslandipeanGaajecived [2] | Ax Ravondttes ].pontagajeania 25as Making general statements Itis very useful to know how to start sentences with the of New language Introductory "it" word “it” in English. You can use “it is" at the beginning of Aja Vocabulary Talents and abilities, a sentence to make a general statement about something. _ Ae New skill Expressing general truths 5.1 KEY LANGUAGE INTRODUCTORY "IT" Certain set phrases beginning “it is' can be used at the start of a sentence, “It is the subject of the sentence, and can be used to express a general truth or belief. "IT" CLAUSE INFINITIVE CLAUSE itis easy to make mistakes in a new language. Some it’ clauses are geneclly followed by ato infinitive “IT” CLAUSE “THAT” CLAUSE It is a shame that so many people give up. Some it" clauses ae often followed "that clauses by «) 5.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES INTRODUCTORY “IT” It is important to be relaxed about making mistakes. It is essential to give yourself time to study regularly. it’s true that being able to speak a second language is useful. it’s unlikely that you will be comfortable speaking aloud at first. (p % Pie b%, itis difficult to remember new words if you don't write them down. *) 26at 5.3 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL == | Ws inaportané to __ have the skills to communicate globally. @ With busy work and social lives, it’s most people have littl time to study. @ Languages are so useful. It is so few people learn a second language. @ Learning doesn't have to be expensive. Itis not spendalotofmoney. | @ Try internet study groups. itis ‘meet other language learners online. Don't worry if you need time. It's ___ you'll be able to speak fluently quickly, easyto ashamethat unlikely that. essentialto.-— iempottantte — truethat =| —< _At ) 5.4 KEY LANGUAGE LEADING WITH AN INFINITIVE PHRASE When you want to “The construction with tat the ‘emphasize the contents aaah Nee conE of the infinitive clause, youcan put itat the front of the sentence, It is easy to begin learning. To begin learning is easy! Keeping it going is harder. placing tented tte tart ‘ors para wel wat sro sentences, *) gjss CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE itis worth working hard. To / That /-H+ give up now would be a shame. @ Remember, it’s important to / that / it be relaxed about making mistakes. @ With so many options, it’s no longer difficult to / that / it find language courses online. @ To / That/ It take the exam now would be a waste of time. She hasn't studied at all. @ To / That / itis unlikely that he will finish the class before the end of the year. © Don't give up! It’s true to / that / it the more you study, the better you will become,5.6 READ THE FORUM POSTS om AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS es q = Lingo-net involves clicking? ‘Who is learning a language which | Alice] Dave [] Mei (1) Sam ( : ARE YOU A @ Who finds their language lessons LANGUAGE LEARNER? a little boring? Alice: 1 i : = I'm working on a TV program and am looking for ‘Alice [J Dave [] Mei [] sam (1) people to share language eathy eromorose Do you have a hidden tal or ever - @ Who can speak a number of different £ inability toleam ae foe languages very well? Dave: 11 " ; =m tying to learn Native American Ps ‘Alice ] Dave (] Mei (1) sam C] hava any natal ably andl moet word oe least 10 syllables! The lessons dr a i" © Wihowas encouraged to learn a \ 4 teepan ding herr fear language by someone else? Mel: " 5 think | have an apituce f ‘Alice (] Dave C] Mei [] Sam C} Frm tuent in four paral owt . Sentinelese but i's impossible becat © Who thinks they have a natural ability A maton for learning languages? Sam: r ; [ve only ever spoken English, but one of ‘Alice (] Dave (] Mei (] Sam (1 professors has a remarkable capacity wc and speaks Xhosa (a South African language with lick sounds). He asked if like to learn it, and | took him up on the offer. I's very dificult, but he's shown me some online videos to help. © Whois conducting research about learning languages? ‘Alice (| Dave (_] Mei [1] sam [1 5,7 FILL IN THE GAPS TO CREATE COLLOCATIONS USING THE PHRASES IN 5.6 (hidden éalent | after | left school. | was never good at learning languages, but | discovered a @ | am surprised that my son | __ an aptitude | for copying accents. @ Unfortunately, | have a | inability | to remember vocabulary. © Some people appear to havea | natural | to speak a number of languages. @ My father hada | remarkable | to memorize lists of words. *) 28f J 5.8 RESPOND TO THE AUDIO, SPEAKING OUT LOUD Do you like learning new languages? Itisn't easy to_learna new language, but I find it a lot of fur. e “ @ Why do you think learning languagesis important? Yes importa to @ What advice would you give to new learners? te rr Sa ny | Its bestto a © _ Whatis the hardest thing about learning languages? | | Itis difficult to «) FP Introductory "it" ‘Aa Talents and abilities [] Be Expressing general truths [] ‘@ REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 1-5 usually cycle. Today I'm walking instead. I've just started ajob. 've been meeting people. The chef is tasting his soup. This soup tastes disgusting! He has a low opinion of the film. There was light rain forecast toda Whata nice, friendly little cat qd ADJECTIVE ORDER intRoDUCTORY "1" Itis easy to make mistakes in anew language. | 1 51Vocabulary 6.1 TRAVELAND TOURISM We need a vacation to get away from it all. get away from ital Igo somewhere relaxing fora break] Spo = We won a once-in-a-lifetime trip to New Zealand! once-in-a-lifetime [unique and unrepeatable] I've never been anywhere like i itwas such a culture shock, culture shock fay. Rpenta cpoophngictitas Hy | ‘when visiting a different place or culture} The hotels in this area all look a little bit run-down, run-down [ina bad condition through lack of Tl never settle down. | get itchy feet every few years. itchy feet {a desire to travel or move] When we go to Paris, will we have time to go sightseeing? go sightseeing [visit interesting buildings and places as a tourist) I always feel fiomesicle = when | travel abroad. (Aap) feel homesick [be sad because you miss your home and family] They lived in a house off the beaten track in the country. off the beaten track [along way from other people, buildings, and roads) There are so many birds in this unspoiled countryside. unspoiled 0 ~ [something or somewhere that has not been changed or altered] My son's thirst for adventure worries me sometimes. thirst for adventure [adesire for exciting experiences) 30We're going to look around the flower district this morning. look around [explore an area or place} We stopped off ata couple of museums along the way. stop off =_— [pause a journey in one place before continuing] We have to check out of the hotel before Ipm. check out of somewhere {pay your bill and leave a hotell The first leg of the journey isa long flight to Singapore. leg of ajourney =, 1 [a stage in a journey from ‘one place to another] I'm really looking forward to seeing the pyramids. is look forward to something [feel excited about something that is going to happen} Every time | drive into the city I get hopelessly lost. hopelessly lost [totally unable to find your way] You will get your boarding ‘orhotel] We're going to check out the zoo tomorrow. check out something / check something out {see if something orsomeone isinteresting} It’s only aweekend getaway, so we won't need much luggage. getaway [a vacation, particularly a short one] My parents came to the airport tosee me off. see off somebody /see somebody off [goto the station or airport to ‘say goodbye to someone] passes when you check in. checkin {register your arrival at an airport —— *) 31Bd Phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs occur in many different forms. They have ¥9P New language Phrasal verbs overview ‘two or more parts, which are sometimes separable. Aa Vocabulary Travel They are very common, especially in spoken English. Fe Newskill Using complex phrasal verbs 7.1 KEY LANGUAGE PHRASAL VERBS Phrasal verbs contain a verbs Lard one oF fore parties, We must check !in. at noon. ‘One verb can use different i ticles to form many ine Fiera phieal ver: She always checks in. early. The verb apres withthe bec The parle never changes ° 7.2. REWRITE THE SENTENCES CORRECTING THE ERRORS IN THE PHRASAL VERBS He work outs at least twice a week. @ Theyare take downing the offensive posters today. He works out at least twice 4 week. @ Be careful, it's absolutely pour downing with rain. @ She'll havea backup. She always backs ups her files. @ He'sb cn his work, so he needs to catch-up. @ They splitups every time they have an argument. *) 7.3 KEY LANGUAGE SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS fa phrasal verb has a direct é, 4 object, the direct object can He filled in the customs form. sometimes go between the verb and the particle. He filled the customs form in. the direct object is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and Hefilleditin. @ Hefilledi the particle. “) 32REWRITE THE SENTENCES PARATING THE PHRASAL VERBS Fa The school is putting on show. The school is putting « show on. @ !'llpick up your shopping for you. 7.5 REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING PRONOUNS She is looking up the location he is looking it up. @ He should ask Mary out if he wants to. @ They're putting up posters outside again, @ Remember to take out the recycling later. @ Have you checked out the restaurant menu? © You should send the phone back i 's broken. He hasn't set up the computer yet. @ Could you tur off the lights when you leave? «) Some phrasal verbs are made up of more than two words. In such cases, the spoken stress falls on the second word, XX 7.6 KEY LANGUAGE THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS. ‘VERB + PARTICLE + PREPOSITION a She always comes up with exciting travel plans. t j 7.7 SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE PANEL My sister's always __conting up with ways to save money. r) keep up with get away with o My big brother is a CEO. | have a lot to @ live up to cometipwith ® Slowdown! I can't a you any more, I'm tired, tied © His parents aren't very strict. He everything! *) “Thestressis on up” hare *) 33Cc 7.8 READ THE ARTICLE AND NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER: THEY HAPPENED a oo oO . ¥ My year off turned into a career hhen Iwas ateeniger,1 a small island, so Tbought ant decided to take agap a plane ticket and set off year before going to to Malaysia. suniversity, Thad already done While Iwas in Malaysia, 1 loads of research online and decided to become an English decided to go toa Greek. teacher. 1knew right away {sland to pick olives. Thad that teaching was what | calculated that Icould earn wanted to do for the rest of ‘enough money to travel my life, A short while later, | cheaply to Asia. Although the graduated with a degree in people were wonderful, by teaching. After just 10 years, the end of the olive harvest! —Lopened my very first felt Twas a bit cut off on such English-language schoo! py LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS * Top travel writer Maria Soames is talking about how she first became interested in travel writing, Which country did Maria first travel to? © Where did Maria record her experiences? Vietnam Diary Indonesia Notebook Cambodia Blog @ Which animals did Maria want to see? Q Which of the following hasn't Maria written? Chameleons Travel guides ] Kangaroos | Newspaper articles (| Komodo dragons |_| Travel blog © What job does Maria do, besides writing? © Whatreason does Maria not give for liking her job? Tour guide Meeting people Travel rep Material for writing Magazine editor Good pay 34po MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE PHRASAL VERBS go to a place of departure with someone to say goodbye take off J o | stop someone from going somewhere and isolate them hcg see somebody off © | __ pauseajourneyin one place before continuing stopoff | ° start fying ) ((setoff ) of starta trip ) (cutoff | 7.11 LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND USE THE PHRASAL VERBS FROM 7.10 TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES like to 2242 off for coffee on my way to work. © Our plane was due to_ an hour ago. @ We have to really early for our vacation. arr © He went with her to the train station to : @ They missed the ferry, so they were from the mainland. \ “) 9 Phrasal verbs overview [1] rravel [] fj Using complex phrasal verbs [1] - 35me) Narrative tenses ‘When telling a story, even if you're just talking about f New language The past perfect continuous something that happened recently, you need to use a Aa Vocabulary Travel adjectives and idioms variety of tenses so that the story can be understood easily, Re Newsskill Talking about a variety of past actions 8.1 KEY LANGUAGE NARRATIVE TENSES You can use different past tenses to show when past actions or states overlap, or to say which took place first. A specic fished ime period (ast summer) PAST SIMPLE is pected, ote the past simples used The past simple describes Last summer, we flew to London. ‘actions or states that f. happened in a specific There's so much to do there! finished time period. While we were walking around the city, ‘The past continuous describes we took some photos in front of Big Ben. an action that began before, and possibly continued after, NS pte an pi nt a ee togetbertsay tat one ton nterpted longer ne. Past penrecr tthe np abroad sth pape! ‘The st perfect describe anactonRiethit Fortunately, we had looked up all Happened herons the best places to go beforehand. something else in the past ia PR “) 36Fg FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PAST SIMPLE OR PAST CONTINUOUS We _were flying _ (fly) over France when we __ saw’ (see) the Alps for the first time. | oO (walk) down the road when someone {ask) me to take their photo. @ Someone ___ (talk) during the tour until we (tell) them to be quiet. eo (stop) twice to take photos while|__ (drive) through the country. OWe ____ (decide) to order some champagne while we (eat) lunch. © We were lost and our feet (ache) before we finally (find) a map shop. 3 COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE PAST PERFECT, SPEAKING OUT LOUD Our friend told us the city tour was great, so we went on it. We went onthe city tour because 0” fend had told us it was great. a @ We walked all around the city and my feet really ached by the end of the day. My feet really ached by the end of the day because —___ e “ We spent a long time planning the trip and it was perfect. The trip was perfect b — Je trip was pe ecause a | | © We crossed over the wrong bridge and got completely lost. ‘We got completely lost b — /e got completely lost because e © Our tour guide recommended a great show, so we went to see it. We went to see a great show because e «) 378.4 KEY LANGUAGE THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ‘You use the past perfect continuous to describe :. s an action or activity that_ He had been learning English for was happening before tw years before he went to London. another moment ‘in the past. ‘TWO YEARS BEFORE ve th_rh_ fk ») J 8.5 HOWTO FORM THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Ry 6 FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS INTO THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS They _ had been flying (fly) forages, so she decided to walk around the aisles. @We ___(wait) forat least an hour when the taxi finaly arrived. © l eventually went to the pharmacy because | ___ {not feel) well for da @ We went to see the movie because they _____ (promote) it for months. © The streets were beautiful and white because it (snow) all night. learning English for two years. ys. *)8.7 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Travel Underground is on TV on Fridays. True |) False | Notgiven vy @ Travel Underground is a one-off documentary. True | False | Not given @ The city was rediscovered by accident. True | | False | Notgiven | © Derinkuyu is Turkey's deepest underground city True | | False Notgiven || @ People used the city as a place to stay safe. True |_| False [| Notgiven | 8.8 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND. MARK THE CORRECT SUMMARY @ The Underground Cities tour lasts for one day. You need to pack your own lunch, and you can't take too much luggage with you. c lots of luggage with you and an overnight bag. There isa traditional lunch included. @ The tour takes place over two days. You get a chance to explore by yourself, but you © The tour starts in the underground city, with a lunch on the second day. It's just a short tour, @ The tour lasts for two days, so you need to take shouldn't take a lot of luggage. oO What’s on TV tonight? Tonight, Spm SS a his week, the Travel Underground series visits ‘Turkey and tell the remarkable Canpatoce table sory of Desk in ‘caught his eye. He decided to kee on digging. andl was soon ake, that fe had discovered something the fascinating hist istory of Derinkuyu, the deepest underground ety in key, | jarbelow the surface, Derinkuyu had” een a place of safety for mam forbes of year =NY Peps 8.9 MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE PHRASES USED IN 8.8 bright and on the spot | early make a decision veryearlyin | © | the morning — playit by ear far from central | © erpopular areas jae tant @ _ tke few things | offthe beaten | with you on atrip | track so there's no need for an overnight bag. QP? The past perfect continuous [] Aa Travel adjectives and idioms [] Talking about a variety of past actions [1] 39Giving advice and opinions When you want to give advice or make recommendations, f° New language Modals for advice and opinion you can use a variety of modal verbs. You can vary the Aa Vocabulary Recommendations strength of your advice by using different modals. Be New skill Giving advice and opinions 9.1 KEY LANGUAGE MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS One of the most common ways of recommending something ‘or making a suggestion is to use modal verbs. When you offer advice, you often also give your opinion about a topic. General suggestion @ 4 You { witget } visi the park. It's nice. 4 ‘Stronger suggestion, 3 should ne $ ie You { ought to } visit the castle. It’s great. Very strong suggestion. ibd You must visit the palace. It is beautiful! PASS. e *) K ; j MARK THE SPEECH BUBBLES THAT INCLUDE RECOMMENDATIONS | Myson is going ‘Yes, | did! @) au really must I'm going there to Paris next week, He should visit the try the new italian. at lunch time! You went last year, Tuileries Garden; ‘restaurant on Why don't you (] didn't your it’s beautiful. [A |] Main Street. come with me? [_] ® essucna ‘sunny have to go © Whatshouldt do You ought to have day! You could go shopping I'l for my birthday ‘big party with to the park later | | definitely try to go, this year? [can't all your friends. It (1 ifyou have time. iflfinishearly. [| | | believe il be 301 ‘would be great! |_| «|9.3 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE PANEL The food in the restaurant is fresh and homemade. The selection at breakfast was ustawesome, __ You. should definitely eat there. : @ Everything about this hotel, from the dark interior to the hard stares of the grumpy staff, was unwelcoming, The hotel's employees are wonderful. They did everything to make our honeymoon perfect. @ Not bag, although the furniture in the hotel was falling apart. The walls were very thin and itwas quite noisy. —_ | paid for a room with a view of the ski slopes, but alll could see was the wall of the building across from us. © Outstanding! | can understand the rave reviews for this great place. Our balcony overlooked the ocean. You should tell them ifit'sa special occasion. You could ask to change rooms if this happens. You might want to bring earplugs. ou should defintehrentthere— You must ask for a room with an ocean view! They ought to hire a new receptionist! } ~) 9.4 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK WHETHER JEFF LIKED. OR DISLIKED EACH ACTIVITY 1 Brice disike | baie ike) distke! | WL) ute isthe | —— 4‘You can also use modals to give advice based on facts. These can highlight the negative consequences of ignoring the advice. we should , You { ought to wear a hat. It’s very sunny. General advice. =;\~ You must wear a hat or you'll get sunburned. X songs neptie conmtuencat Rist lowed 9.5 KEY LANGUAGE GIVING ADVICE a2 “) 9.6 OTHER WAYS TO GIVE ADVICE You can also give advice ‘Thisisa fhed phase for giving advice ane ihe phe vou were tone “IF were you..” and “You had better.” If | were you, | would wear a hat. (usually contracted "Ye hs ees eel You'd better wear a hat. TWstusedio gre ver trongudvce Tiny even ge reat ‘e SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, CHOOSING THE CORRECT WORDS | The open air concert hall is amazing. You really ought to / might see it. a! © (That snake is poisonous. You must / could goo the doctorabout that bite or ill get worse. a © We might had better go back to the boat. It’s leaving soon and we don't want to miss it a | | o Perhaps you must / could go to France this summer. That would be nice. al | o Everyone says the castle is stunning and that we must / could see the view from the tower. r | « |9.8 READ ANNE'S POSTCARD ] AND MARK WHAT SHE Hi sara, LIKED AND DISLIKED (me writing from the airport. tf | were you, | —~ ; 2 d avoid flying with CheapAir. There were ——-—s Theairline Like [| Dislike | 0 many delays! The resort was nice, and the staff were wonderful, but the trip itself Stenaed to really drag on. The food wasw't Othehotelstaff Like] Disike very good either. The hightights for me were the excursions. The pyramids were amazing ana then yesterday (had a great time riding| @ The pyramids Like (") Dislike cansels. tt was much too hot though. You really must try to visit one day, though (me. nat sure t'd go again! You should have The weather Like [| Dislike — dinner with us once we're back. | have loads of photos to show you. @The beach resort Like |_| Dislike |_| @ The food like |) Dislike @Thecamel ride Like |_| Dislike | Lots of Love, Anne ew ‘A POSTCARD RECOMMENDING A TRIP USING THE PROMPTS i , tin traveling back tomight. | caw believe my trip is over abrenaly! t really enjoyedMaking predictions When you talk about a future event, you might need to P New language Degrees of likelihood say how likely itis that the event will happen. There are. Ala Vocabulary Idioms about time a number of ways that you can do this. Br New skill Talking about possibilities 10.1 KEY LANGUAGE DEGREES OF LIKELIHOOD You can use different constructions to show how likely you think something is to happen. These range from certainty that it won't happen to certainty that it will happen, @ Will the hotel be ready next month? ® “iy N A No, the hotel definitely won't be ready by then. = No, the hotel won't be ready by then. The hotel probably won't be ready by then. = The hotel is unlikely to be ready by then. : a The hotel might be ready by then. It's likely that the hotel will be ready by then. The hotel wil! probably be ready by then. Yes, the hotel wil! be ready by then. Yes, the hotel will definitely be ready by then. “) 44Ky MATCH THE STATMENTS TO THE CORRECT PREDICTIONS There are lots of delays today. —~ We probably won't get tickets. | @ | I don't have much money. He'll pass them all, no problem. © | He's worked so hard for his exams. © Shelll probably go to Australia one day. © | She's a talented young pianist i, > Our train will definitely be delayed too. | @ | Lookat the line outside the stadium. She might be famous one day. | © | Youdontt have avery good voice. © He might be running a marathon soon. | © | Mysister loves to travel. ¢ | definitely won't go on vacation this year. | @ | Joe goes running every day. “You definitely won't ever be in an opera. ~) 10.4 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE STRESSED SYLLABLES 10.3 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO. AND MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE PHRASES &é | tthe unsurprisingly o£ ng = © fundamentally sy happen @ essentially .e voisyns)| | © Surprisingly ha happen ° ; OAR 2 predictably > | =e © fortunately happen detaiee @ interestingly : @ luckily ee, definitely will fk ° ht es © unfortunately 45[ J 10.5 READ THE ARTICLE AND WRITE ANSWERS Tt AS FULL SENTENCES aE HOUSE PRICES ON THE RISE normal goal for many young. people is to fly the nest and ‘move into a house of their own. In many tourist areas, however, this is becoming a very unlikely goal for young local people. In resorts around the world, tourists are buying properties either as short-term investments or to live in part-time. As people from the cities (or wealthy countries) compete to buy the properties, itis only a matter of time until the prices rise. These prices are unlikely to be affordable for young local people. This makes it more difficult for them to remain in their own towns if they want to live independently. In the long nin, there is a cost to society and communities. ‘Marisa Cali lives in a picturesque village on a Greck island, “Many of the houses in the village are now empty most of the year. There are ewer people around. It's not like it used tobe, but I guess it's the shape of things to come for many island villages” Some local governments are insisting that a percentage ofall new homes built in such areas ‘must be affordable for locals. Other governments are charging higher fees for overseas buyers, So far, these poticies have had little impact on the situation What does “flying the nest” mean? “Flying the nest” means leaving your parents’ hame, @ What two reasons are mentioned for buying second homes? @ What problem are many local young people facing in tourist areas? © How has Marisa Cali’ village changed? @ What two things are some local governments: doing to counter this problem? 46a0 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE IDIOMS IN THE PANEL R He's broken his arm, but, thankfully, there’sno | __long-zernt | injury. ° hy pp Thisisonlya | solution. Well have to fix the fence properly soon, ° i OK, well order pizza tonight, but | we need to sort out a meal plan. le 7 9° hal | don’t understand this new digital system, but | know it's | J © [7 twas | before the company hitits targets. the shape of things tocome long-term —onlyamatteroftime inthe longrun short-term «) af Degrees of likelihood [] — Aaldioms about time [J fe Talking about possibilities [1] © REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 7-10 He filled the customs form in. She always comes up with exciting plans, PHRASAL VERBS Oo |71,73,76 [NARRATIVE TENSES home, we saw ajuggler. a 81 ‘THE PAST PERFECT ‘CONTINUOUS He had been learning English for two years before he went to London. 9a a 84 MAKING ARN arene You must visit the palace. ‘You should wear ahat. i's very sunny. 95 NINE IF! were you, |would wear a hat. a 96 egrets or uKeutHoop | The hotel's unlikely to be ready by next month. iz ta ely be read Itwill defi 47I} Vocabulary 11.1 FAMILY AND RELATIONSHIPS I look up to my older brother. look up to somebody [have respect and admiration for someone] They brought up their children to be polite and respectful. bring up somebody / A bring somebody up [care for a child and teach them how to behave] f ‘ She got along with her colleagues. get along with somebody / get on with somebody {have a positive relationship ‘with somebody] We fell in love while we were traveling across Europe together. fall in love with somebody [begin to love somebody] They drifted apart after they stopped working for the same company. a drift apart [slowly become less friendly or close to somebody] “ You're lucky that you take after your intelligent mother. take after somebody {have characteristics of a parent or relative] itis important to grow up in acaring environment. growup [develop from a child to an adult} My siblings fell out with each other for a few years. fall out with somebody [stop being friends with somebody, often afteran argument] I made friends with her along time ago. make friends with somebody [become friendly with a person) Ibroke up with him after a big argument. break up with somebody lend a romantic relationship} 48We've been close friends for more than 20 years. close friend [atriend who you know very wel} My sister gave birth toa baby girl a few months ago. give birth to somebody {have a child} We used to fighta lot, but we see eye to eye nowadays. see eye to eye with somebody [agree with or have similar opinions tosomebody} We bumped into her teacher in the supermarket. bump into somebody [meet someone unexpectedly] Our parents taught us to stick up for each other at school, stick up for somebody [speak out in support of somebody] a 2 & ri ih 1am really surprised by how much we have in common. have something in common [share an interest or opinion] Curly hair runs in the family. run in the family [be a common feature of a family} As soon as | met Tom, we just clicked. click with somebody [like somebody quickly and easily] My dad is putting his foot down about doing chores. put your foot down [be strict about something] I think the world of my first grandchil think the world of somebody {have avery high opinion of somebody] ity f a «) 49Using discourse markers Discourse markers can be used to showa relationship ‘g? New language Linking information between two sentences, or parts of a sentence. This can Aa Vocabulary Family history be cause, effect, emphasis, contrast, or comparison Hie New skill Talking about relationships 12.1 KEY LANGUAGE INFORMAL LINKING DISCOURSE MARKERS Some discourse markers are mostly used in informal writing and speech. ate By Shows contrast. 1% N | like listening to music, ine though } my mother hates it. Shows comparison. just as } his great-grandfather was. I fi He's a talented swimmer, {aia ga ‘Shows rau a pd because Staying in touch is easy, since we all have smartphones. = as e Shows effect. We grew up together, so we tell each other everything. #7 Wl Weare very close. As a result, we know everything about each other. e Shows emphasis. 5 4 {especially idee wl All my siblings are tall, particularly my older sister. *) 50‘12.2 REWRITE THESE PAIRS OF SENTENCES USING THE DISCOURSE MARKERS. TO CONNECT THEM {Julie tikes her older brother. She doesn't see him very often. (but) ) | Julie likes her alder brather, but she dacon’t see him very often. © All my siblings love playing football. My brother loves it the most. [especially] © We are all quite interested in our family history. We've made a family tree. [so] © | love talking to my aunt. She has lots of interesting stories from her travels abroad, [because] © My grandmother thinks | should get married. 1am not as traditional as she is [but] © We don't have big family gatherings very often. My grandparents live abroad. [since] «) 12.3 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE PAIRS OF PICTURES 5112.4 KEY LANGUAGE FORMAL LINKING DISCOURSE MARKERS Some discourse markers are used most often in formal writing and speaking situations. E i ay li vs Shows contrast it Hh i The castle was built in 1272, red npr } the town is modern. _ Shows campatson similarly His talk was popular and his book was { equally } wel-tikea, ‘Shows reason, International video calls are popular (er ay global internet access. owing to Shows resut. Hence Many foreigners settled there. gana } , the population is bilingual. stows empha primarily He is known for his research, notably into royal families. 4) 12.5 FILLIN THE GAPS USING FORMAL DISCOURSE MARKERS James won many medals, __naéably __ one for bravery. @ Elizabeth had two children, Mary had none. ro @ The two elderly sisters were ___ wealthy. 7 @ The father left the army —_ a Serious arm injury. @ James and Tom were identical twins. __ they looked alike, P)12.6 SAY EACH SENTENCE OUT LOUD, USING THE MOST APPROPRIATE DISCOURSE MARKER | like sandwiches, whereas / but the rest of my family are big pizza fans. @ | You have failed to respond to our messages. So / Hence , your subscription has been canceled. o My friends say | take after my dad, owing to / because we both like mountain biking. a ° After a successful book tour, the professors lectures were equally / ike well-received e 9 | really love my aunts, notably / especially Meera, because she's so funny. - «) 12.7 READ THE ADVERTISEMENT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS GENEALOGY OK [itasneverbecn easier to great-grandmother was = : esearch your familys apy Itis less difficult to explore your family history: Milos offacely gagreand Levspeing history than it used to be. records, including bieths, soldier who died in true (7 Fae Cl deaths, marriages, well combat” IW. sanitary aremigrtion “Tye ats wondered = = records arenow available where get ny pot @ Youhave to go tothe library to use the service, online. Asaewul youcan enna Search ince Fach Cast now find your ancestors my mother and father are from he comfort your queue. Tw dicovered All of this an ty great grandmother © Jw great-grandfather died in battle, pao Le dinendea at ee ee ee true C] Fake CI jols ot Genealogy ‘welbknawn OK club for only $20, ‘socialites in years QNA.enjoys socializing more thanher parents, “MOM eee members stories: “thought that all my The service has an annual $20 fee. pia were pclae, in True |_| False | | True || False |_| ips C1 a king about eationsnP> 53 er Aa family history (1 F Linking inforrnatae Past habits and states When you talk about habits or states in the past you can New language “Used to’ and ‘would” Use “used to” or "would.” English often uses these forms Aa Vocabulary Family values to contrast the past with the present. Be New skill. Contrasting the past with the present 13.1 KEY LANGUAGE "USED TO" You can use “used to” Refersto a pasthabit, with an infinitive to Referstoapastsate. You can also use it to - at some indefinite time in the past. A talk about past habits. — We used to play tennis every day, but now we prefer golf. Yo fr At (tt ee ‘alkabout thed tates We used to live in London before we moved to Sydney. web. Sipe pe ”) 13.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES “USED TO” Did you use to ride a scooter ®: when you were a student? ¥ | didn't use to believe in ghosts ih until | visited a haunted house. “Used becomes “use” in the _ question and negative forms. = 13.3 ANOTHER WAY TO SAY “USED TO" WITH HABITS. You can also use "would" to talk about past habits ts a little bit more formal. 54 aa When I was little, we would go x Whenever there was soccer on TV, for a picnic every Saturday. os we just wouldn't do our homework. ”)13.4 & COMMON MISTAKES “USED TO” ‘You cannot use “used to” when youte talking about definite time frarnes inthe past, orif you sald you did something a certain number of times. We used to play lots of board games when | was young. @ We used to play lots of We used to play board board games yesterday. (2) games twenty times. Ry 5 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS Whenever my uncle visited, he ___woul bring __ (would / bring) presents for us all. @ My mother _ ___ (use to / walk) five miles to school and back. eo: {not / use to / like) using the internet, but now I think it’s great! eo do) you ___ (use to / eat) your lunch at school? © My grandmother's house ____ {not / use to / have) electricity. © Whenever | had a toothache, my dad__ ____ (would / take) me to a scary dentist. *) ——$————————— BS nRTRRENCNE ons Si nyomanmennenaa so things didiused tolbe, | realize how Lucky t “used #0 be = Was as a child. | use to\coweplalw about having to walk to school Iw the rain, a whereas she woubdito walle five miles to school iw all types of weather, Including snow! | usedito gotluepset when. a teacher == told me off in class. t had usually done ® something really bad, but my - gra ncnnother lane use Koo anything eq. Chen. She wesc to wrote with her Lefe hana, ° bout back then, teachers wiLLibe punish you just for that! = ol es 55Rui and Livia are having a debate ‘about changing family values. i 2 What does Rui say about young people? They don't watch movies any more |_| They watch movies ontheirown | They don't goto the moviesanymore |_| @ What does Livia say about families? They don't watch movies together | | They still watch movies ontheTV |_| They go to the movies together a © What beneficial internet content does Livia mention? Documentaries and old movies L Documentaries and news archives || Documentaries and new movies PLACES ON THE GRID @ Agreeing with or tolerating something @ Telling the truth © What a person believes is right or wrong, © Wanting more things than you really need @ The qualities of someone's personality @ To say or do something that stops another person's actions values acceptemee: character interrupt greedy honesty 13.7 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS © Where does Rui think young people used to get their values from? Older family members Movies The Internet @ What does Livia say young people think about honesty? It'svery important to them Itsnotthatimportant any more 1 It’simportant for adults tobehonest |_| © What does Livia say is important in today’s world? Understanding historical values il ‘Communicating with other people | Understanding other people's values |_| READ THE CLUES AND WRITE THE ANSWERS IN THE CORRECT i)13.9 READ THE BLOG POST AND WRITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS AS FULL SENTENCES om 3 Researching r A long lost brother A few years ago, my grandfather told me about a brother who he hadn't seen in avery long time. They lost touch over 50 years ago while they were both serving in the army overseas. | decided that | would try to find my great-uncle, the brother who my grandfather used to talk about so fondly. | was inthe library when I met a man called Robert who was also researching his family history. His grandfather also had a brother he hadnt seen for 50 years. The ‘more we talked, the more similaties we had. Our grandfathers had both become teachers after they eft the army. We realized after taking for an hour that our grandfathers were brothers. Astonishingly, they lived less than 20 miles apart from each other, and even used tolive on the very same street! Last week my grandfather and my great-uncle met again forthe fst time in half a century | When did the author's grandfather and great-uncle lose touch? | They lost touch over 50 years ago while they were both serving in the army overseas. @ Why did the author and Robert start talking? © What similarities did the author's grandfather and Robert's grandfather have? © Why was it surprising that the author's grandfather and great-uncle hadn’t met in 50 years? Q What happened last week? vid® Aa Favily values I ontrasting the past with the present []14 Comparing and contrasting Using "as... as" is avery flexible way to make comparisons. _g” New language “s.. 2x" comparisons You can use it to compare and contrast quantities and Aa Vocabulary Adjective-noun collocations qualities of people, objects, situations, and ideas. Br New skill Comparing and contrasting 14.1. KEY LANGUAGE “AS... AS" COMPARISONS You can use "as... as" with an adjective to compare things that are similar and “notas...s' of “not so... as" to contrast things that are different. tt if Lisa is as tall as Marc. Penny is not re } tall as Marc. *) 14.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES "AS... AS” COMPARISONS. You can modify the “as... as" structure to make it more detailed or to add emphasis Emphasitng equality Aa, Bottled water is just as expensive as coffee. ‘Comparingsimiarity. it} The girls were almost as loud as the boys. “Thishas avery similar meaning to “amostas but contrasts thecifference rather than comparing the similarity. @ BF The movie is not quite as good as the book. Specific degree ofciference v ©Gbee The bike is half as long as the car. Emphasizing difference. e The mouse is nowhere near as big as the bird. ” *) 5814.3 LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND MAKE A MODIFIED “AS... AS" COMPARISON, SPEAKING OUT LOUD Thecatis 0h ar big 2 The phone is @ , e ® expensive __ the laptop. «@ h | The giraffe is ___tall The baby is — —— the house. old __ the man. o a Cd The flower is = The pizza is ak large the tee. ° wide the plate. a a «) Nas 14.4 KEY LANGUAGE “AS... AS" COMPARISONS WITH ADVERBS You can also use the “as,..as" structure with adverbs, often followed by expressions of ability or possibility, I don't visit as often as my sister. We sang as loudly as possible. He arrived as early as he could. The boys study as hard as the girls. «) ) I y 14.5 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. Which is more expensive? © Which is bigger? The soup |_| The steak |“ The old house |_| The new house @ Which is funnier? @ Who is smarter? The old video | | Thenew video | Simon |_| Andrew |_ © How frequently does Akiko visit now? @ Which is faster? More often |_| Less often | The motorcycle |_| The car |_|o 14.6 READ THE ARTICLE AND TS Sy ANSWER THE QUESTIONS A different approach The young baby's father is called... The surpriehenstso shared parental eave Sam | | Zach | | Jon \/ ty Samantha Pope @ The mother of the baby is... he new “shared make me a bit tired, but parental leave" law isa strong coflee in the ateacher | alawyet | | unemployed great for my family, Asa morning and a quick walk The person on parental leave from work is. lawyer T earn dice a to work, (unless there's @ The pets A a much as my husband, Jon, heavy rain) normally Sam |_| Zach | Jon | ‘who isa teacher. This ‘wakes me up. In the meant that we were going morning, Jon and Zach © When Samantha walks to work it takes. to pay a high price ‘or on usually ‘ir with me 35 mins 40mins (| 45 mins taking a career break at through the park. We were this time. returned to surprised to discover that @ Samantha does not walk to workifthe weathers... work guitesoon after re ae ata wae e : A aby, Zach, was born, and actually almost as quick as cold | windy | rainy | | Jon has taken parental me driving the ear in leave from his work tobe he raffic at rush © Most days Samantha walks towork.. home Tyas woreed that my alone | withafriend [| with herfamity _ | Of course, Istill share fiends and family would lots of time with Zach. have a low opinion of me @ Her friends and family think her decision is... Because Jon is a heavy ‘going back to work as soon ‘seiold Elgon bad | sleeper, I wake up to do as I did, but in the end pi good | UU nighttime duties, This does everyone agreed with us. | 14.7 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL TO CREATE COLLOCATIONS Every time | walk to work | get caught in { heavy rain | @ Thankfully, our baby isa | sleeper | and only wakes once a night. @ The commute to work takes ages,even when thereis( traffic | @ Feeling sick every day is a price | to pay for going on a cruise. @ | only really wake up in the morning after a | coffee | @ My mother has a | opinion | of anyone who doesn't work hard, strong high low heavy14.8 FILLIN THE GAPS USING THE WORDS IN THE PANEL Alex and Sue are both chefs. Sue owns a café and Alex works in a famous \ restaurant, Sue's cooking is iiss? s__ good Alew’s, ‘4. fi maybe even better, although his cooking is mostly savory and she has a sweet tooth. Unfortunately, just because her food costs much ________ his, some people do not have as ___an opinion of her skills. Her café is seen as somewhere with prices to grab a bite to eat, not somewhere to wine and dine people. Sue says this sa small price to pay for owning her own business. Some people just like to go out of their way to pay ___ much ___ they should for a three-course meal in Alex's restaurant, rather than enjoy a delicious piece of cake or pastry in Sue's café as half as high as twice as low as austes- | 14.9 MATCH THE DEFINITIONS TO THE PHRASES ‘a meal with three parts, often an appetizer, main, and dessert {savory © | ———__allkingforsweet-tasting things [wine and dine) © | ——__getfoodthatcanbeeaten quickly = >| three-course meal © | entertain or treat someone to an ) [go outofyourway | © | salty or spicy rather than sweet [sweet tooth | eo) make a special effort to do something (grab a bite toeat | ”) ‘and contrasting [] 6115 ite comparatives together You can use two comparatives in a sentence to show the J” New language Two comparatives together effect of an action. You can also use them to showthat Aa Vocabulary Age and population something is changing. Br New skill Expressing cause, effect, and change ‘15.1 KEY LANGUAGE TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER You can make C a is the = asad. Tot ¥ thot , "a 7 fect by using two seoeem hl fi | ii ii one sentence. The harder I train, the stronger I get. Implies that raining eases you to get stronger. ») 15.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER 2 2 i The worse the children behave, the angrier the teacher gets. gH BW BW The louder the cat meows, the louder the dog barks. Pe 15.3 HOW TO FORM TWO COMPARATIVES TOGETHER stronger 62Fa 15.4 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER ied | (he) (_more_} (_ drives) (become. (faster (the ) ( ‘The faster he drives, the more terrified I become, @ (onger | (went | | the } {more} (the) { the | [film] [on] bored} { 1} | became. (Jonger} (went | | the } | more} |The} film} (on) (bored) (1 @ | quicker | (_it_} [more the [rained] {the | ( the} (vegetables } (grew. } © (me] {more } [not] (the) (she) (ihe } (t0_} (taugh } (told } ( more} (_1_} Llaughed.) © (2) (it) { dessert } { The } contains J [is | {for} ( sugar } { more } the) { worse] | you.) *) Ry ‘15.5 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS I've noticed that the less | sleep, grumpier | am. Ive noticed that the less I sleep, the grumpier I am. © The louder my music is, the more angrier my mother gets. © The young the skiers, the less frightened of falling they are. © The annoyed my teacher gets, more | giggle nervously. Faster the car went, louder the passengers screamed.