HIGHER INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL EXCELLENCE-HIPE

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-SET

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM-EPS
LEVEL: 200
PAPER: CASE STUDY
FACILITATOR: Mr YUFENYUY SEVERINE W.
(Continuation)
Starting of three phase asynchronous motors
Coupling of windings
 Star connection at starting

L1 L2 L3
L1 U
U V W
Star point (X,Y,Z)

L2 V
W
Z X Y
L3
 Delta connection at starting
L1 L2 L3 L1
Z U
U V W

W X
L2
Y V
Z X Y
L3

If the voltage required by one winding of the motor (lower voltage) is the same as the phase
voltage of the supply, then the motor has to be connected in Star (Y)
If the voltage required by one winding of the motor (lower voltage) is the same as the line
voltage of the supply, then the motor has to be connected in delta (D)
Example
On the nameplate of a motor we have the indication 220V/380V, if this motor is to be used on a
network 127V/220V; it has to be coupled in delta but is the supply is rated 220V/380V, the coupling
must be star.
General solutions to problems of starting three phase induction motors
When the three phase induction motor is put directly under supply, it draws a very high current
intensity about 8 times the current under normal operation, that if care is not taken, it can lead to the
destruction of cables and other materials. The different starting methods have as objectives to limit
these high starting current intensity while maintain its mechanical performances. For a three phase
induction motor, this limitation is obtained by
Reducing the supply voltage, knowing that the voltage is proportional to the current
Increasing the resistance of the rotor winding
No matter the starting method used, the circuit of the motor must ensure four main functions
 Isolation: to isolate the motor circuit from the supply upstream so as to ensure maintenance
intervention in security
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 Protection against short circuit: with detection followed immediately by a rapid cut off to
prevent the deterioration of the installation
 Commutation: the control maybe manual, automatic, semi-automatic, progressive or variable in
function of speed
 Protection against overload: with a quick detection and immediately breaking to prevent that
the excessive elevation of the temperature should not lead to the deterioration of the installation
insulators
1. Semi-automatic direct on line starting, one sense of rotation
Functional diagram

The symbol of the starter is characterized by

 A half shaded triangle: indicating that the starter is semi-automatic
 An arrow: one sense of rotation
 Contactor symbol: the type of control device
 The darken square : automatic stop
Developed diagram of the power circuit

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Developed diagram of the control circuit

Equations
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
𝐊𝐌𝟏 = 𝐐. . .(𝐒𝟐 + 𝐊𝐌𝟏𝟏)
𝐊𝐌𝟏 = 𝐐 . ̅̅̅̅. ̅̅̅.(𝐒𝟐 + 𝐒𝟑 + 𝐊𝐌𝟏𝟏)
2. Semi-automatic direct on line starting, two sense of rotation
Functional diagram

 A bidirectional arrow: two sense of rotation

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Developed diagram of the power circuit

NB : The inversion of the sense is donne by interchanging two of the three phases
Developed diagram of the control circuit

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3. Characteristics

At starting, the current is about 4 to 8 times the nominal current. The starting torque is about
1.5 times the nominal torque

𝟒 𝟔 𝟏𝟓

4. Advantages, disadvantages and appication

Advantages
The starting torque is important
The starting time is small
It is simple to realise
The cost is less
Disadvantages
High starting current.
The starting is brutal, not progresssive
Application

This is used for small squirrel cage induction motors less than 2kW

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HIGHLIGHTS ON CASE STUDY May 11, 2020

Questions for discussion

1. Complete the table below
Indication On Name Supply Voltage Winding Connection
Plate U(V) 3-Phase (Y or )
U(V)
3 x 220 {127/220V} 1
380V or 380V/660V {110/220V}
3 x 380 (220 V /380 V) 2
3 x 660 V (380 V /660 V) 3
3 x 220 V 4
220 V or 220 V /380 V 3 x 380 V 5
3 x 660 V 6
3 x 220 V 7
110 V or 110 V /220 V 3 x 380 V 8
3 x 660 V 9
2. How do we reverse the sense of rotation of a three phase induction motor?
3. What is the main problem faced during starting of three phase induction motors? What are the
consequences of this problem?
4. What do you understand by interlock?

Exercise (Assignments)
Draw the control and power circuit developed diagrams of the following starting methods. For
each explain the functioning
 Star-delta
 Elimination of stator resistance
 Autotransformer
 Elimination of rotor resistance

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