Types of

osteoarthritis
SUP/Dr.Maha AboBakr
 Participants
01 NourAldin Mostafa-202100722

02 Alaa Atia-202102880

03 Mohamed Sobhy Sobhy-202100682

04 Mina Maged-202101005

05 Yara abozeid – 202101987

 Table of contents
01 Introduction & Age-Related
Osteoarthritis(NourAldin Mostafa)

02 Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis(Alaa Atia-Yara Abozeid)

03 Knee Osteoarthritis(Mohamed Sobhy)

04 Hip Osteoarthritis(Mina Maged)

 Introduction & Age-Related Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the most prevalent joint disorder globally, affecting millions of
individuals across diverse age groups. This degenerative joint disease is characterized by the
gradual deterioration of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and impaired joint function.
While various forms of arthritis exist, osteoarthritis primarily targets the synovial joints, such as
the knees, hips, hands, and spine. Unlike inflammatory arthritis, OA's hallmark is the wear and
tear of joint structures over time, often associated with aging but not limited to it.

As societies experience an increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of osteoarthritis

continues to rise, posing a significant public health challenge. The complex interplay of genetic,
biomechanical, and environmental factors contributes to the development and progression of
this condition. Understanding the distinct characteristics of different types of osteoarthritis is
crucial for tailoring effective interventions and improving the quality of life for those affected.
 Introduction & Age-Related Osteoarthritis

Pathophysiology: Age-related osteoarthritis, often referred to as

primary osteoarthritis, predominantly occurs in the absence of
predisposing factors such as trauma or joint abnormalities. The
exact etiology remains multifactorial, with advancing age being
the primary risk factor. Over time, there is a gradual breakdown
of cartilage, leading to joint space narrowing and the formation of
osteophytes. Additionally, alterations in subchondral bone and
synovial inflammation contribute to the overall degenerative
process.
 Introduction & Age-Related Osteoarthritis
Pathogenesis:
The pathogenesis of age-related osteoarthritis involves a complex interplay of genetic
susceptibility, biochemical changes in joint tissues, and mechanical stress. Genetic factors
contribute to variations in collagen and matrix metalloproteinase genes, influencing cartilage
integrity. Biochemically, an imbalance in cartilage homeostasis, with decreased synthesis and
increased degradation of matrix components, plays a pivotal role. Mechanical stress, arising from
factors such as joint misalignment or obesity, accelerates the wear and tear process.

Physical Therapy Management:

Physical therapy plays a central role in managing age-related osteoarthritis by addressing pain,
improving joint function, and enhancing overall mobility. Exercise programs tailored to the
individual's needs focus on strengthening the muscles surrounding affected joints, improving joint
stability, and maintaining an optimal range of motion. Modalities such as heat and cold therapy,
joint mobilization, and aquatic exercises are often employed to alleviate symptoms.
 Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis

Pathophysiology
OA is a disease of the entire joint sparing no tissues. The cause of OA is an interplay of
risk factors (mentioned above), mechanical stress, and abnormal joint mechanics. The
combination leads to pro-inflammatory markers and proteases that eventually mediate
joint destruction. The complete pathway that leads to the destruction of the entire joint is
unknown.
Usually, the earliest changes that occur in OA are at the level of the articular cartilage that
develops surface fibrillation, irregularity, and focal erosions. These erosions eventually
extend down to the bone and continually expand to involve more of the joint surface. On a
microscopic level, after cartilage injury, the collagen matrix is damaged, causing
chondrocytes to proliferate and form clusters. A phenotypic change to hypertrophic
chondrocyte occurs, causing cartilage outgrowths that ossify and form osteophytes. As
more of the collagen matrix is damaged, chondrocytes undergo apoptosis. Improperly
mineralized collagen causes subchondral bone thickening; in advanced disease, bone
cysts infrequently occur. Even rarer, bony erosions appear in erosive OA.
Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis
 Knee Osteoarthritis

Symptoms and CausesWhat causes osteoarthritis of the

knee?
• Osteoarthritis of the knee happens when your knee joint
cartilage wears out or is damaged.
• Articular cartilage is tough
• rubbery tissue on the ends of your bones that lets you bend and
move.
• Meniscal cartilage absorbs shock from pressure on your knee.

You can wear out or damage your knee joint cartilage if:
You’re overweight. If your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or more,
you’re seven times more likely to develop osteoarthritis in your
knee than someone with a lower BMI.You injure your knee or have
an old knee injury.You frequently put stress on your knee at your
job or playing sports.You inherited a tendency to develop
osteoarthritis of the knee.You have crooked bones or joints, such as
having knocked knees.
 Knee Osteoarthritis

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knee?

• Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis in the knee.
Your knee might hurt when you move it, or even when you are
just sitting still. Other symptoms are:
• Your knee feels stiff, particularly when you first get up or when
you’ve been sitting for a long time.
• Your knee looks swollen or feels puffy.
• You hear a cracking or grinding noise when you move your
knee.
• Your knee feels wobbly, as if it could buckle or “give out."Your
knee might lock up, or feel as if it is stuck.
 Hip Osteoarthritis

What Causes Osteoarthritis of the Hip Joint?

The causes of osteoarthritis of the hip are not known. Factors that may
contribute include joint injury, increasing age, and being overweight.

In addition, osteoarthritis can sometimes be caused by other factors:

1- The joints may not have formed properly.

2- There may be genetic (inherited) defects in the cartilage.
3- The person may be putting extra stress on their joints, either by being
overweight or through activities that involve the hip.
 Hip Osteoarthritis

What Are the Symptoms of Osteoarthritis of the Hip?

If you
have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your
doctor:

1-Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed

2-Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time

3-Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint

4-A sound or feeling (“crunching”) of bone rubbing against bone

5-Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on

your socks
Thanks