PHYSICS

TORQUE
GROUP 3
 TORQUE

• Torque is the rotational

equivalent of force.

• It is a measure of the force

that can cause an object to
rotate about an axis.
Just like in kinematics, a force applied to an object causes it
to move in a straight line. A torque applied to an object will
cause it to rotate around a pivot point. The pivot point is
known as the axis of rotation, and the perpendicular distance
of the force. from the axis of rotation is known as the
moment arm (r). This is why torque is also referred to as
moment of force.

Torque is denoted as T which is a product of force Facting on

the object and the moment arm r, a distance from the
application of the force to the rotational axis at O.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
✔ Torque is the cross product between displacement and force.
✔Moment of force or lever arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation
to the direction or line of action of the force.

✔ Torque may also be positive or negative depending on the sense of rotation.

✔ By convention, torque is positive if it tends to produce counterclockwise rotation. It is
negative if it tends to produce clockwise rotation.

✔ The greater torque applied to an object, the greater its tendency to rotate.
✔ The SI unit of torque is meter newton (mN).
 The magnitude of torque refers to the strength
or size of the rotational force applied. It is
MAGNITUDE AND represented by a numerical value and is typically
measured in units such as Newton-meters (Nm)
DIRECTION OF or foot-pounds (ft-lb), depending on the system
of units.
TORQUE
The direction of torque indicates the rotational
effect and is described using the right-hand
rule. It depends on the orientation of the force
applied and the direction of the lever arm from
the axis of rotation. The direction could be
clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the
orientation of these factors.

So, in essence, the magnitude of torque is

related to the force applied, and the direction is
determined by the position or lever arm.
 TORQUE AS CROSS
PRODUCT
When torque is described as a cross product, it emphasizes
the vector nature of torque. The cross product of the lever
arm vector and the force vector results in a vector quantity
that represents both the magnitude and direction of the
rotational force applied to an object. This mathematical
formulation using the cross product is particularly useful in
understanding and calculating rotational dynamics in
physics and engineering contexts.
THE SI UNIT FOR
TORQUE

Newton-metre / kgm2sec-2.
FORMULA IN CALCULATING THE
MAGNITUDE OF THE TORQUE
T = Frsin

where,

T = torque
F = force applied
r = distance measured from the axis of rotation
where the liner force
is applied is angle between Fand r
EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLE 1:
1. A particle located at 0.56 m is acted upon by a constant force of 4.7 N. The force makes the particles to
rotate in clockwise direction. Calculate the torque about the origin that the particle experiences as a result
of this force.

Find: T

Given: Assuming that the angle is 90°,

r = 0.56 m
F = 4.7 N T = Frsin

= (4.7 N) (0.56 m) (sin 90)

= 2.632 N m
= 2.6 Nm
 EXAMPLE 2:
2. If the force applied is perpendicular to the handle of the wrench as shown in the
diagram, find:
a. torque exerted by the force about the center of the nut
b. type of rotation b.
Given: Type of rotation
a. Find r The rotation is counterclockwise
15cm since the force is pointed
12 t = Frsin upwards (right-left) based from
F=2.5 N the picture.
r = 15 cm = 0.15 m = (2.5 N) (0.15 m) (sin 90)
= 90° (since the arm is = 0.375 Nm .•. The torque is positive since
perpendicular to the handle = 0.38 Nm the rotation is in
of the wrench) counterclockwise direction.
EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLE 1: DOOR
- When you apply force to open or close a door, the
distance from the hinge to where you push or pull acts
as the lever arm.

- The torque is generated as a result of this force

applied at a distance, and it allows you to rotate the
door around its hinges.
EXAMPLE 2: FAUCET

- When you turn a faucet handle to open or

close it, you're applying torque.

- The rotational force is generated by your hand

turning the handle, and the distance from the
center of rotation (the axis of the handle) to
where you grip it serves as the lever arm.
 EXAMPLE 3: WRENCH Formula:
150N (33lbs) pounds
T=FxR T-Torque
F-force
90°=1 R-radius
50cm (1ft) Torque:

lenght 150N x 0.5 m = 75 N.M

small wrench is hard to turn the nut
150N of force(33lbs) pounds Torque:
90°=1 150N x 0.7 m = 105 N.M
70cm (2ft)
More force acting on the nut using
large wrench is easy to turn the nut longer wrench
Thanks! group 3

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