CC14 INTERNAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. What do you mean by De Stalinization?

Ans. De-Stalinization was the process started by Nikita Khrushchev, of discrediting and
then reforming the policies of Joseph Stalin.
2. When did De-Stalinization begin from?
Ans. 25th Feb, 1956
3. Give the Significance of De-Stalinization?
Ans. De-Stalinization resulted in showing the world a different Soviet Union, more in line
with traditional socialist ideals. The Gulag labour system was declared not practical and
made less harsh. It led to producing more consumer goods, allowing greater cultural
freedom, and pursuing peaceful coexistence with the West.
4. What do you mean by ‘detente’?
Ans. Détente” is a French term which means release from tension. It is the relaxation of
strained relations, especially political, by verbal communication.
5. When did détente begin from?
Ans. 1971
6. Give the significance of détente?
Ans. Trade and cooperation increased between USA and the Soviet Union and the signing
of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) treaties took place between the two
countries.
7. During whose period did détente start?
Ans. During US president Richard Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
8. When was Israel formed?
Ans. 14th May, 1948
9. Mention two reasons for the deterioration of Arab-Israeli relations?
Ans. The partition of Palestine and the creation of Israel became the main reason of
contention between the Arabs and the Jews. The border dispute between the two
countries.
10.What do you mean by the Suez Crisis?
Ans. The Suez Crisis was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the
United Kingdom and France.
11.What is the full form of PLO?
Ans. Palestine Liberation Organization
12.When was PLO formed? Who led the PLO?
Ans. PLO was formed in 1964.Yasser Arafat led the PLO.
13.When did the Yom Kippur War take place?
Ans. 6th October, 1973
14.What was the significance of the battle of Yom Kippur?
Ans. The war had a significant impact on the trajectory of an eventual peace process
between Egypt and Israel, which culminated in the return of the entire Sinai Peninsula to
Egypt in exchange for lasting peace.
15.What do you mean by ‘Yom Kippur'?
Ans. ‘Yom Kippur’ means day of atonement
16.When and between whom did the Camp David Accord take place?
Ans. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli
Prime Minister Menachem on 17 September 1978.
17.When and between whom was the Oslo Accord signed?
Ans. Oslo Accords were signed between Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser
Arafat, the leader of the PLO. The Oslo I Accord signed at Washington D.C in 1993 and the
Oslo II Accord signed at Taba, Egypt in 1995.
18.Mention the names of leaders who led the process of de-colonization in Ghana, Congo,
Algeria and Kenya. Which country, when was liberated from whose control?
Ans. Liberated from Belgium Control: Congo – Patrice Lumumba
Liberated from British Control : Ghana – Kwame Nkrumah Algeria – Nnamdi Azikiwe
Kenya – Jomo Kenyatta
19.Write the names of two leaders of the Civil Rights Movement?
Ans. Martin Luther King Jr. and Harriet Tubman
20.What do you mean by the Civil Rights Movement?
Ans. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly
during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the
United States.
21.In protest of what the Civil Rights Movement was formed?
Ans. The Civil Rights Movement was formed by Black Americans in protest of racial
segregation and demand for equal rights under law.
22.Mention two examples of the success of the Civil Rights Movement?
Ans. The dismantling of Jim Crow segregation in the South and the passage of federal
legislation outlawing racial discrimination are two such examples of the success of the
Civil Rights Movement.
23.When did the American Civil War take place?
Ans. 12th April, 1861
24.Who was the US President during the American Civil War?
Ans. Abraham Lincoln
25.Mention one of the causes of American Civil War, which is deeply rooted in the Civil
Rights Movement?
Ans. One of the causes for American Civil War was the demand of abolition of slavery. In
1846 the congress introduced a law to limit slavery.
26.What do you mean by the Anti-Apartheid Movement?
Ans. The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), also known as the Boycott movement was a
British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the
South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa’s non-White population who
were persecuted by the policies of apartheid.
27.What do you mean by the word ‘Apartheid' ?
Ans. Apartheid means ‘Separateness’.
28.Write the name of a leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement?
Ans. Nelson Mandela
29.What is Apartheid?
Ans. Apartheid means complete separation of blacks and whites as far as possible at all
levels.
30.When did Apartheid start and end?
Ans. 1948 to 1994
31.What do you mean by the ‘second wave of feminism’?
Ans. Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early
1960s to attain equal opportunities and rights for women.
32.Mention two names of pioneers of the second wave of feminism?
Ans. Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem
33.Why is the second wave of feminism called the ‘second'? What was said before this
wave? (i.e. first wave)
Ans. Whereas the first wave lobbied for women’s enfranchisement via the vote and
access to the professions as well as the right to own property, the second wave feminists
talked in terms of ‘liberation’ from the oppressiveness of a patriarchal defined society.
34.Write two significance of the second wave of feminism?
Ans. The second wave of feminism provided Western women the right to make personal
decisions about pregnancy. Avenues opened up for women in both education and
employment.
35.Who created the Comecon and Cominform? When?
Ans. Joseph Stalin created Comecon on 25th Jan, 1949 – The Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance and Cominform on 5th Oct, 1947 – The Communist Information Bureau
36.What was the Warsaw Pact?
Ans. The Warsaw Pact was a mutual defence treaty signed on May 14, 1955, by the Soviet
Union and seven communist Soviet satellite nations of Albania, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and the German Democratic Republic.
37.When and with which countries was the NATO formed? Where was it signed?
Ans. The North Atlantic Treaty was signed on 4 April 1949 in Washington, DC. The 12
founding member countries of NATO are Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the U.S.
38.What do you mean by ‘Glasnost' and ‘Perestroika’? Who adopted these principles and
when?
Ans. Glasnost means openness. It was a Soviet policy of open discussion of political and
social issues. Perestroika means ‘Restructuring. It was a movement for reform and
restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system, in an attempt to end the Era of
Stagnation.
39.What do you mean by ‘Globalization’?
Ans. Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the
world into a more connected and interdependent place.
40.What is the full form of IMF and WTO?
Ans. IMF = International Monetary Fund | WTO = World Trade Organization
41.Who was Mao Zedong?
Ans. Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist
Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a
Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively
known as Maoism.
42.What do you mean by the ‘Long March'?
Ans. The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese
Communist Party, to evade the pursuit of the National Army of the Chinese Nationalist
Party.
43.Who was Chiang Kai Shek?
Ans. Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military
leader, who served as the leader of the Republic of China from 1928, until 1949 in
mainland China, and then in Taiwan until his death in 1975.
44.When and under whose leadership was the People’s Republic of China formed?
Ans. On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation
of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
45.What do you mean by Berlin Blockade? When did it happen?
Ans. The Berlin Blockade was an attempt by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of the
United States, Great Britain and France to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay
within Russian-occupied East Germany. Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, imposed the
Berlin Blockade from 24 June 1948 to 12 May 1949.