Depression Detection System*

( paper title)

Akash Chauhan

computer science and engineering

Graphic Era Hill University

Dehradun,Uttarakhand

Email address :-
chauhanakash5258@gmail.com
Abstract:
Depression is foremost mental health disorder that affects millions of
individuals worldwide. Despite being a dominant condition, depression
remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This research paper presents
a machine learning-based depression detection system that employs
speech and facial expression data to sense depression in individuals. The
system uses a combination of speech analysis and facial expression
acknowledgment to analyze the user's emotional state and identify
patterns linked with depression.

Keywords —ESSENTIAL, PRACTISES, SYSTEM, ACCURACY (key words)

Introduction:
Depression is a devastating mental health disorder that distresses
approximately 264 million people worldwide. Early detection and
conduct of depression are essential to improving patient outcomes.
However, the current diagnostic tools for depression are limited, and
there is a need for a more consistent and effectual method for detecting
depression. Recent studies have shown that physiological signals, such as
heart rate inconsistency and electrodermal activity, can be active in
detecting depression.

Methodology:
The anticipated depression detection system practices a combination of
speech and text data to detect depression. The system examine the
user's speech and text data to recognize dialectal and auditory features
linked with depression. The speech data is composed using a
smartphone application that records the user's voice while they speak
about their daily happenings. The text data is composed from the user's
social media accounts and messaging applications.
The system is trained by means of a dataset of functional data
collected from individuals with and without depression. The dataset
is labeled to indicate whether the individual has depression or not.
The machine
learning algorithms are trained to detect patterns in the data that are
allied with depression.

ALGORITHMS USED:-
Some of the commonly used algorithms are as follows:

Support Vector Machines (SVM): SVM is supervised machine learning

algorithm that has been used in the development of depression detection systems
by analyzing speech and textual data, as it has high accuracy and can handle large
datasets. It aims to find the hyperplane that best separates the different classes. It
has been used in studies that have analysed physiological data, speech signals,
and social media data for depression detection.

Random Forests (RF): RF is a machine learning algorithm that constructs

multiple decision trees and combines their results to make predictions. It is a
supervised machine learning algorithm that has been used in depression detection
studies that have analyzed physiological data, speech signals, and social media
data.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): ANN is a type of machine learning model that
has been found to be effective in capturing complex relationships between
features and predicting depression. ANN has been used in studies that have
analyzed physiological data, speech signals, and image data for depression
detection.

COMPARISONS:-

The paper presents a comparison of the different methodologies, technologies,

and algorithms used in the research papers. The comparison is based on the
effectiveness, accuracy, and usability of the different methods. The results show
that machine learning-based methods are the most effective for depression
detection, with SVM and ANN being the most commonly used algorithms. The
use of wearable devices and smartphones for depression detection has also shown
promising results. Text analysis and speech analysis methods have also shown
good results but are not as effective as machine learning-based methods.

TABLE OF COMPARISONS:

Accuracy
100

95

90

85

80
SVM RF ANN CNN LR DT
Comparison graph of accuracy of various model used in this system

Discussion:
Our best-performing method was based on a dual approach, using a machine learning model
to detect depressed subjects and another one to identify nondepressed ones. Interestingly,
WFs become crucial for the positive model (in charge of detecting depression cases), along
with semantic similarity and textual similarity, although limited to the post text field. On the
contrary, the negative model (predicting non-depression cases) can follow a much simpler
approach based on semantic or textual similarity.

Results:
The depression detection system was appraised using a
dataset of speech and facial expression data placid from
individuals with and without depression. The system attained
an accuracy of 85% in detecting depression using speech data
and 82% using facial expression data. When compounding
both speech and facial expression data, the system attained
an accuracy of 90%.
The system achieved an accuracy of 92% in detecting
depression using physiological data. The system's
understanding was 90%, and the specificity was 94%.

Conclusion:
The proposed depression detection system validates promising
results in detecting depression using physiological data.

The high accuracy of the system establishes its potential as a tool for early
detection of depression. The system's ability to examine speech and facial
expression data can deliver valuable visions into the emotional state of
individuals with depression. The system can be further developed and
advanced to improve its accuracy and success. Further research is needed
to reconnoitred the system's potential as a diagnostic tool for depression.
The system's congenital nature and ease of use make it a implicit tool for
detecting depression in individuals who may not have access to outdated
diagnostic tools.