Powerful Modelling Techniques in Abaqus to Simulate

N e ck ing and De la m inat ion of Laminated Composites

D. F. Zhang, K.M. Mao, Md. S. Islam, E. Andreasson, Nasir Mehmood,

S. Kao-Walter

Email: sharon.kao-walter@bth.se
1.Dept. of Mech. Eng., Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE 371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden
2.Dassault Systemes SIMULIA Corp, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
3.Fac. of Mech. & El. Eng., Shanghai Second Polytechnic Univ., 201209 Shanghai, China

SIMULIA 2015 Regional User Meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark

12th October 2015
 Cont e nt s

1 . M ot ivat ion

2 . Obje c t ive s

3 . FEA M ode lling

4 . Sim ulat ion Re sult s

5 . Achieve m e nt s

6 . Pe rspe c t ive s

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 1 . M ot ivat ion

Microstructure illustration of Packaging

Each layer has special function.
Various kinds of Packaging in our daily life
Essential Constituent
Al-foil：prevent oxygen and light
LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene )：avoid moist
[from Eskil Andreasson]

Necking

Delamination

Micrographs of Necking and Delamination in Packaging Materials

[SEM microgaph by Nasir Mehmood, et al]

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 2 . Obje c t ive s

to Develop 2-D FEM models based on present techniques in ABAQUS,

which can be used to simulate NECKING and interfacial DELAMINATION.

They will work as robust numerical analysis tools for our further research.

Al-foil

LDPE

Schematic diagram of the FEM model to be developed

[by Eskil Andreasson]

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .1 Te chnique Fra m e w ork

Technique Framework

No. Necking in substrates/Al-foil, LDPE Interfacial Delamination

1 VCCT
Elastic-Plastic
2 Cohesive Zone
Progressive Damage Constitutive
3 XFEM

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .2 M ode lling of N e ck ing in Subst rat e s

̅
(Damage Initiation Point)
N e ck ing D=0
σ a Undamaged Response

‐Dσ

Stiffness Degradation
Damaged Evolution Response
Softening and Necking
Concentration

Softening
Material
Stress

E E (1‐D)E
(Failure Point)
D=1
b

ε
̅ ̅

Schematic diagram of our developed material constitutive

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .2 M ode lling of N e ck ing in Subst rat e s

Elastic-Plastic Progressive Damage Constitutive

Elastic Behavior Hooke’s Law

Yield Criterion J2 Plasticity/Von Mises

Plastic Behavior Hardening Law Isotropic Hardening

Flow Rule Associated Flow

Damage Ductile Damage Model

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .2 M ode lling of N e ck ing in Subst rat e s

Ductile Damage Model

Ductile Damage Model-Void Nucleation, Growth, and Coalescence

We Find these phenomena from experiments.

So, Ductile Damage Model is used in our model.

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.1 VCCT-Virtual Crack Closure Technique

Energy released to Open the crack = Energy to Close it

Schematic representation of VCCT for Mode I crack

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.1 VCCT-Virtual Crack Closure Technique

Fv,2,5 crit
Load
6 Load Fv,2,5
Fv,2,5
y, v
5 4
δ1,6 2 3 δ2,5 crit

Area=GIC×db
x, u
1

Displacement
δ2,5
Calculation illustration of strain energy released for Mode I crack based on VCCT
1 , , , 1
Fracture Criterion for Mode I 1.0
2

Fracture Criterion for Mixed Mode 1.0

Power Law Model

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.2 Cohesive Element

Cohesive Zone Technique: Surface-based, or Element-based, i.e. Cohesive Element

Cohesive Element-Traction-Separation Cohesive Law

Traction

Separation

Schematic diagram of Bi-linear Traction-Separation cohesive law

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.2 Cohesive Element

Traction

Separation

Simplified, Bi-Linear Cohesive Law

Damage Initiation Criterion of Interfacial Delamination

1
Quadratic nominal strain criterion‐Quade
Bi‐linear cohesive Law
∝ ∝ ∝
Evolution Criterion based on energy
1
Power Law Model

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.3 XFEM

XFEM-eXtended Finite Element Method, is especially designed for treating Strong or

Weak discontinuities, e.g. Crack, Bi-material problem.

Fracture
Interfacial Delamination
Bi-material Interface

XFEM

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.3 XFEM
XFEM is extended by adding special enriched functions into generalized FEM.

displacement jump across Crack-surface

Crack-tip singularity
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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .3 M ode lling t e chnique s of I nt e rfa c ia l De la m inat ion

3.3.3 XFEM

Illustration of normal and tangential coordinates for a smooth crack

1 ∗
∙ 0, crack
1 , crack

∝ sin , cos , sin sin , sin cos

2 2 2 2

In our model, Damage Initiation Criterion-Quade

Very similar to Cohesive Case
Damage Evolution Criterion-Power Law based on Energy

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 3 . FEA M ode lling
3 .4 FEM M ode ls ut ilizing VCCT, Cohe sive Ele m e nt , X FEM

A pre-made interfacial defect

A displacement boundary condition on the right side

All Degree Of Freedom on the left side are constrained

(a) It is realized by initial debonding part of Slave-Master

Contact Pair.
(b) It is the part without cohesive elements in interface.
(c) It is a pre-made horizontal crack in interface.
In the 3 models, CPE4 are used in substrates.
In (b), COH2D4 and SWEEP meshing technique should be
used in interface.
In (c), CPE4 are used in substrates and interface, but the
mesh in front of pre-made crack tips could be much finer.

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4 . Sim ulat ion Re sult s

 Necking and interfacial delamination are

achieved in all three models, as expected.

 Deformation results of simulation and

theoretic analysis are very similar.

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5 . Achieve m e nt s

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 6 . Pe rspe c t ive s

These models will be used in our future research:

(1) The model with VCCT will be used to get fracture
mechanics parameters directly during necking and
delamination, such as fracture energy.
(2) The model with Cohesive Element will be adopted to study
the influence mechanism of adhesion level or interface
strength on necking and delamination.

A 1/4 uniaxial tension FEM model based on Cohesive Element is created because of symmetry

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 6 . Pe rspe c t ive s

These models will be used in our future research, such as:

(3) The model with XFEM will be utilized to simulate propagation
of multi-cracks in substrates and interface.
(4) A 3D-FEM model suggested will be developed, and more
extensive research will be implemented, such as evolution
mechanism of interface debond in length and width direction.

Illustration of 3D FEM model from [Teng Li, Z. Suo, 2007]

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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