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‘MERIC BEING THE LATEST, ‘AND MOST

A:
ACCURATE DESCRIPTION

-NEVV VVORLD:
OF THE

‘CONTAINING
The Original of the Inhabitants, and the Re-
markable V oyages thither. |

SEMPIRES
Mexico and Peru,
AND OTHER LARGE

PROVINCES and TERRITORIES,

WITH THE SEVERAL. EUROPEAN, »

PLANTATIONS InN Bini PAR TS.

‘Their Cities > Corcttiee. Towns. “Femples,

Mountains , ‘atid Rivers.

Their Habirs; Cuftoms, Manners, and Religions.

| Their Planes. Beatts, Birds, and Serpents.
Wi
As A PPE ND BX, msdeaiapa, “battles feveral other OU hee
Additions, a brief Survey of what hath been difcover'd of the
: egion.
“Unknown South-Land and the eAritick ‘R
Colleéted from aot Authentick alt, Augmonee with later Obiriasions, and
‘Adorn’d with Maps and Sculptures, by JOHN OGILBY Efq; His
ie s Cfitiographer, Geographick Printer, and Mafter of the Revels’
in the Kangen of J ie adAN D.

be XD 0
Printed by the Author, and are to bi ‘ad at his Houfe in -
zat heebile M, AR Lexi:
eS be
,

ae -
*
 A Catalogue of the Authors, which are either mention’d, or
made ufe of in this Volume of “America.

Brabam Mellinus Dionyfius Halicarnaffeus

Abraham Mylius Dirk Ruiters
Adriaen vander Donk Dithmar Blefken
LE lian Duarte Mendez Seraon
Albertus Magnus Egydius Fletcher
Aldrete Emanuel de Moraex
LElius Lampridius Erafmus Stella
Alexander Apbrodienfis Erick. Roothaer
Alexander ab Alexandre Everhard Reid
Alexander Guaginus Eufebius
Alonfo Garcia Euthymius Zibagenus
Alonfo de Ouagli Feftus Avienus
Andreas Cefarienfis Francifc. Burmannus
Angrin Fonas Francifc. Delapuente
Antonio de Herrera Francifc. de Gomara
Apuleius Franci{c. Lopes de Gomefa
riftonicus Grammaticus Francifc. Raphelingins.
Ariftotle Francifc. Soarezx |
Athanafius Kircher Francifc. Tiralmonte
Auguftinus Francifc. Xaverins
Auguftin de Tarcate. Fullerus
Auguftus Thuanus Galenus
Ayton of Armenia Garcilaffo de la Vega
Balthazar de Amizquita Genebrardus
Barnaba Cabo Gerardus Foannes Vofyins
Bartholomeo de las Cafas Guido de Brez
Benjamin Tudalenfis Guilielm. Pifo
Cafpar Barleus Guilielm, Poftellus
Caftaldus Harmannus Moded
Charles Rochfort Henrick Haelbos
Christopher Arciffeusks Henrick Hawks
Cicero ‘ Hernando de Leon
Claude de Abbeville Herodotus
Clemens Alexandrinus Hefychius
Conradus Gefner Hier onim. Benzo
Cornelius Nepos Hieronim. Cardanus
Cornelius Witfleet Homer
Ctefias Hugo Grotins
Curtius Hugo Linfchot
(jrianus Jacob Bontius
David Ingran Jacob Planenfis
David Powel Jacob Rabbi
Diodorus Siculus Inca Garcilaffo
A 2 Joannes
 The Names of the Authors.
Miles Philips
ris Mofes
hiyton Nicolaus Zeno
ws. Gyfins Olympiodorus
ines Jobnftonus Paulus Venetus
j ande Laet Pedro de Ancieta
Joannes de Lede{ma Pedro Pizarro
Foannes Leonclavins . Pedro Fernandez de Quir
Foannes Lery Pedro Maria
Foannes Mariana Peter Martyr
FJoannes Nieuwhof Pedro Ordonnes de Cevallos
Joan. van de Sande Peter van Gendt
jofeph. Acofta Philo Judeus
Fofeph. Anchieta Philippus Cluverius
Jofeph. Scaliger Philippus Mornaus
I/aacus Pontanus Phylarchus
Ifaac: du Verne Piere Moreau
Ifidorus Mendes Sequera Pinedas
Julius Cefar Plato
| Julius Cafar Scaliger Pliny
Laétantius Plutarch
Lauren. Ananias . Pomponius Mela
Lauren, Bikker Proclus
Lauren. Guafcus Gerafcius Procopius
Lauren. Keymis Quarterius
Levinus Lemmius Rabbi Simeon
Lieven Aizma Robertus (omtaus
Lopez Vaz, Sam. Purchas
Lucan Sebaftiaen Schroten
Lucretius Simplicius
Lodowick Leo Saluft
Lyfander Sigi/mond Baro
Manethon Per[a Strabo
Marcus Zeno ~Theodofio
Martin del Barco Theopompus
Martin Perez, Thevet
Matthens van den Broeke Tertullian
Matthiolus : | Trigaut
Melchior Soiterus V egetins
Mich. Lithower Virgil
Michovius
 Sie BE Si
SESSSCeeae

C O N T ENTS
of the feveral

CHAPTERS
and SECTIONS.

The firt Book:

Merica anknown tothe Ancients Fol.1
Of the Original of the Americans, whence
they came, when, how, and from what
People Planted . oe
Firft Difcoverers of America, with Chri-
ftopher Colonus his Expedition 43
Pedro Alphonfo Nigno bis Voyage 56
The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon 58
The Expedition of Americus Vef{putius 60
- The Expedition ofAlphonfo Fogeda, Diego
Nicuefa, Ancifus, and Roderick Col:
menares 65
Peter Arias his Expedition, and the remarke
able Paffages of Vafcus Nunnez 69
The Expedition. of Francifco Fernandez,
Lupo Caizedo, Chriftophero. Mo-
rantes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan
Githea 76
The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian,
commonly call’'d Magellan 79
Ferdinando Cogtez his Voyage. 81
Diego Gottiereé his Expedition ‘92
The Expedition of Pedro Alvarado, Fran-
cifco and Gonzalyo Pizarro,and Diego
de Almagro 95
The Expeditions of John Stade and Nicho-
las Durando Villegagnon 103
The Expedition of John Ribald, Renatus
Laudonier, and Gurgie - 105
Four Englifh Expeditions, under the Command
of otir famous Sea-(aptains, Martin Fore
bifher, Siv Francis Drake; Thomas
Candifly, and John Smith 108
A Netherland Expedition, by Jaques Mahu
and Simon de Cordes 110
The Expedition of Oliver van Noord 113
The » Expedition of George van Spilber-
en 115
The Ecpeditidl of Cornclifzoon Schouten
and Jacob Le Maire 117
The Voyace of the Naffavian Fleet, under the
Command of Jaques le Heremite and
Hugo Schapenham 120
Henry Brewer his Voyage 122

The Second Book.

NF the Bounds ofAmerica, and \of the New ay NO 139
Divifion of the Mexican, or Nor- |New Netherland, now call’d New York
thern part thereof Fol. 12:5 168
Eftotiland - | 126 | A new Defcription of Mary-Land 183
Terra Laboratoris. 128 | Virginia ‘. 192
Canada, or New France 129 | The Relation of (Captain Smith’s being taken
Accadia, or Nova Scotia 133 | Prifonerby Powhatan,and his deliverance
Norumbegua - 138 by.bisDaughter Pocahonta. 202
Carolina
 THE CONTENTS. ' 335
Carolina 205 Porto Rico, and Monico-
Florida 213 Cuba - 33%
Jucatan 222 Jamaica
Guatimala 224 The Iflands call’d The Lucaies
Vera Paz . 227 The Caribbee-Iflands
Honduras . 229 Anegada and Sombrero
Nicaragua 232 Las Virgines
Coftarica 235 Anguilla
Veragua ibid. Saba
Guatimala, properly fo call’d ibid. St. Crux
The Kingdom of apa or New Spain St. Martin
238 St. Bartholomew
Mechoacan 261 Barboude
Tlafcalla : 264 Rotonda
Guaxata 268 Nevis
Panuco | 270 Euftathius
Tabafco 273 Antego
New Gallicia 281 Montferrat
Guadalajara 284 Guadalupe
Xalifco | 285 Defeado
Chiametla ibid. Marigalante
Couliacan 286 Todos Sanétos
Cinoloa Loe Sa 288 De Aves
Zacatecas | 289 Dominico
New Bifcay 290 Martinico
New Mexico 291 St. Lucia
Cibola , Tontonteac, Barbados
and Nova Gra-
nada e
St. Vincent 298
Quivira Ve 301 Bekia
Terra Nova, or Newetoinnd Land, with Granada
the Ifland of Aflumption 304 Tabago
The Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands 311 St. Chriftophers
Hifpaniola ~ 314 California

The Third Book.

Aftella Aurea, otherwife call’d Terra |Cufco
Firma 394 |Los Charcas a *
Panama 395 |Collao s
Darien 399 |Chile 471
New Andaluzia 400 |Chile, properly fo call’ 472
St. Martha. / 403 |Magellanica 473
Rio de la Hacha 405 | Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata : 475
New Granada 406 Rio de la:Plata, properly fo call’d 476
Granada 408; Tucuman ibid.
Popayana 409 |La Crux de Sierra 477
Peru | 412 Brafile | ibid.
Quito 441) St. Vincent «49S
Los Quixos | 446 Rio de Janciro 496
Lima ies 450 ‘De Spirito Santo 497
 THE CONTENTS.
Porto i 498 pany 600
Los Ifleos 5ol The (ouncellor Duffen’s Relation of fo much
Bahia de Todos los Sané&tos 502 of Brafile as concern’d the WefteIndia
Pernambuco | 505 Company 601
Parayba 508 A Defcription of thePalace Freyburgh, two
Maragnan 511 Bridges, arid a Banquettingshoufe, all built
The Lordfhips Tamarica, Rio Grande, by Grave Maurice 605
Siara, and Para 7 517 Guiana 607
~ A Relation of the Proceedings of the Nether- A Relation of the Fourney of Francifco
land Weft-India Company in Brafi le, to Orellana ibid.
the Year 1658. 518 Paria, or New Andalufia 620
The Journey of Rodulphus Baron, with the Cumana 621
- Defcription of the (uftoms and = of |Venezuela 624
the Tapuyans 595 The Iflands Margareta, Cubagua, and
Grave Maurice his Account of Brafile, i! Coche 627
far as it concern’d the Weft-India (om. Of the Iflands of Southern America 628

In the Appendix.

To de la Plata Fol. 631|| Several Attempts for the difcovery of the

Chili » 634 | North-Weft Paflage 672
A View of th Chilefian Language 635 |A brief View of what Places are poffesedat
Magellanica 649 | this dayin the Weft-Indies, by the Eng-
The Unknown South-Land 653 lifh, Spaniards, French, Portuguele,
Terra Borealis, or The Arétick Re- and Dutch 674
gion
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 AN | |
=~

|
ACCURATE DESCRIPTION
OF

PMERTCA. .|
CO Ae Pol,
- America, unknown to the eAntients.
sy HE Sea, that takes feveral Denominations from the Defeription
ofsheOcean, \
Countreys which it wafheth, and furrounding the dry
Land, cuts out, and fhapes fo many winding Bays,
Creeks, and Meandring In-lets, feems no where fo
much confin‘d and penn’d into fo narrow a Channel,
as the Straights of Magellan: From whence again,
foon expatiating , it {preads it felf into two immenfe, i

and almoft boundlefs Oceans, that which opens to the

= North, gives terminaries*to the four Regions of the 7 |
Earth ; that to the South, onely to Afia and America ; both which, indeed, ate |
bit one continu’d Sea, extending it felf round the Univerfal Globe. itis 7
This watry part of the World, that almoft through all Ages lay Fallow, hath
in thefe later times been Furrow’d by feveral Expert and Stout Captains, who
_now bytheir Artand Induftry, have given a good Account of, and made clear |
Difcoveries from Eaft to Weft, where-ever the Sun rifes or fets. en |
The Northern Bounds under the \rtich-Zone, have been hitherto fo ob- |
ftruéted with Ice, that the tndertakings of fuch as adventur’d either to find
|
by the North-Eaft or North-Weft-a Paflage to India, have been utterly
|
fruftrate. Of the Southern, no fuch pains hath as yet been taken in the Difcoz |
very , fo that for the moft part itis yet unknown how far the Water, either : cers
.deep or fhallow, over{preads the Earth, onely thus much Experience hath made : aa
out, that the Antartick needs leffer Line to Fathom, than the Artick-Ocean. \ ,
‘The antient Greeks ,Phenicians,and Romans, or whofoever that were Renown’d bore Ancients had lite
RE. | PY |
by Antiquity, and Lifted in the number of their famous Navigators, were no Knowledge in Navigation, i
lefs Timerous than Ignorant concerning Maritim Affairs, and are not fit
to |
ftand in the leaft degree of competition with our later Voyagers. . ; | J
Of
 AMERICA. Chap.- I.
Of old, by an inviolable Law, made by Cuftom, according to Plity, Vigetius
and others, the Sea was lock’d up, from the eleventh of Odober, to.the tenth of
‘March, no Ships daring to venture forth, dreading fhort Nights, and foul Wea-
ther, neither in Summer, did they fo much as once offer, unlefs driven by
Storms, to attempt the Offin, or loofe fight of Land ; yet there is‘no queftion,
Lee te vs but that feveral Nations in former Ages, made it their bufinefs, {pending their
‘ whole time, and wearying themfelves in the Practical Art of Navigation:
The Sacred Scripture teftifies, That the Kings of fudea, Solomon, febofaphat,
xias, and others, prepar’d feveral Fleets that Sail’d through remote Seas,
freighting themfelves with Gold from Ophir , and other Rarities, which were
Geograph, lib, 1. Imported to fupply and enrich the Holy-Land. And Strabo alfo tells us, That
King Solomon being contemporary with Homer, then difcover’d India. And Pliny
| relates, That the Romans, in the Reign of Auguftus, palling the Straights of Gibraltar,
| Hh.xabbaspe and fleighting the Ne plus ultra, Coafted Spain, France, and Belgium,leaving not at
the Promontory of the Cimbrians (now call’d Shager-Riff )but alfo vencur’d in-
to the Northern Ocean , which wafhes Norwey and Lapland: But long before
this, as Atheneus relates, Phileas Taurominites, a Grecian Captain, and féyeral
others pafs’'d the Herculean-Pillars, penetrating the Northern Seas as far as Brite
og, DisimaTouleSupposdby tain, and adventuring, made the firft Difcovery of-Thule: And to the South-
Georgic. .. ward the African Coafts without Gibraltar, and beyond Atlas, were now and
then explor’d by feveral expert Captains. But more remarkable is the Voyage
The Voyage ofHannes
Of FTanng a Carthaginian, who out-fail’d thefe , and infpeéted the Coafts of
OfEuloxass Sable. Africa, as far as the Gorgades : And Eudoxus Cyzicenus, flying from King Lathyrus,
fet Sail from the Arabian Gulph, and pasfing the Great-Cape, came to an Anchor
at laft inthe Mouth of Gibraltar, having difcover’d all the Eaftern, Southern,
and Weftern parts of Africa. PE ry
1 Moreover, it deferves {pecial obfervation , That an antient Swedi/h King, as
(
| Cornelius Nepos relates, fent.as a Rarity and great Prefent to the Roman Conful
'
mnaganse Verse ome Morellus Celer , fome Indians, who loofing their courfe, hatter’d up. and down.
with perpetual Storms and ftrefs of Weather, were at laft driven into the Nor-
f thern Ocean, where they fuffer’d Shipwrack ; yet faving themfelves, Landed
Of Menelous. Qn his Coaft: Ariftonicus Gramaticus relates, That Menelaus Sailing from the Sack
of Tra, became fo great a Voyager, that leaving the Straights, he furrounded
Africa, and difcovering India, after eight yeats re~meafuring the fame way he
went, return’d with great Riches in fafety to his own Kingdom: Which is
confentaneous to Homer, who faith, Ody/f. 1. 4. 2 |

ui ‘ Fy f 1 4 yt ”

ASeurceros yup oign Sopotxot hing tacorsyas

a
Manfions with Jove, his° Seats Celeftial are:
. " |

3 ~ °° / oe 4 1

But with me any may, who eight years toft ASpiiy 3° Sven ais ot CexC elasibs taeite
; pian Pag aMeCualy ae5 yep
beF TAAer reasseas
HELme
TOAA’
eonAnde!
eh ts
Through Worlds of Miferies from Coat to Coaft,
EV YNUCL XBEOYOOLTW ETE NAJoY
“Mongit unknown Seas, of my Return {mall hope, cori 47 Patios ele
Kuaeoy; poivin lusTE ged eiyua lies ETA NSELSS
Cyprus, Phenicia, Aigypt, (4) Athiope,
’Aichomus & ing Lay Nort addvies Xowi epemeus
Sidon, Erembos found, and Lybia, where Kei aiCulyy tye or’ eepveu aperp negro! wAsyory
Their Lambs are horn’d, their Bws teem thrice a year. Tels yup aixleejumam TeAcugoesy es eviauloy, .
(4) The Commentators on Homer have been very inguifitive to find out Menelaws Voyage into eAthiopia. Crates fappos’d that he pafs’d out at the Straisher?
doubled the Southern Cape, and fo arriv’d thither. Erate/thenes conjectures, that in the time ot Homer the Straights Mouth was an iAhmus > and the Aeyptian
Iithmys overflow’d by the Seay whch afforded hima fhorter paflage.. But that is moft probable which Strabo delivers, that he then wentto the borders of Ethiopia,
when he pafs'd up Agypt tothe City of Ihebes ; the Borders of shiopia being not far diilant from thence in§#r4b0's time, probably very near it in Homer's,
~ _

‘That

re
 Chap. I. AMERICA. a
Pl

That “which the Grecian Geographers relate: concerning Ptolomy Euerzetes,

King of Egypt , is not to be forgotten, That fending Pilots, Commifficn’d ’ Reniatrkible Voyages of
an Indias ime Eps
to*take the Soundings, and fettle the Land-marks im the Arabian Gulph, they
found by chance a forfaken Veflel ,onely in it one: Man: half dead , lying
among feveral other breathlefs Bodies, of whom being refrefh’d with conve-
nient Cordials, they enquir’d his Fortune , but ‘he being unable to give them
any prefent fatisfaction, neither undetftanding what the other {aid , they fenc
him to the Court, where foon having got.a{mattering of Greek, "he inform’d
Euergetes, that he was a Native Indian, driven from. their courfe into the place
where they found him by ftrefs of Weather,and thavhis company were famifh’d,
all their Provifion {pent in theit, Wandrings fromtheir intended Voyage, Thus
being kindly entertain’d, he alfo promis’d the King to open his Paflage(if fo he
pleas’d) into India. The King flept not upon this Intelligence, but immediately
prepar’d a Fleet Freighted with fuch Commodities'as were advis'd; with which Of Prolemy into bndld,

fetting forth by che Conduct of this their Didian Pilot, they Anchor’d in their
defir'd Port, and brought the King in return from thence a rich Cargo of Silk,
Spices, coftly Drugs, and precious Gems. Cleopatra; about fixty years after,
intending not to lofe the advantages reap’d by the former difcoveries, equipp’d And alfo of Cleopatra;

another and: greater Navy ; which paffing through. the Red-Sea, found the
Stern of a Ship, on which was Prefented a Horfe, whereby fome of the more
knowing Sea-men judg’d, that it had been a Gibraltar Veffel, and Sailing about
Africa, there by fad accident fuffer’d a Wrack. This Stern wasafterwards [ec up,
and fix’d as a Memorial in the Market-place of Memphis.
In thefe later times, the firft that endeayor’d to drive an Ewropean Trade
in Africk , and held Commerce with India, was the State of Venice, who
Sail’d from thence through the driatick, into the Mediterranean-Sea~: So _ The Venetians wete the
firit that drove a trade
Steering for Alexandria, where unlading their Goods, from thence they carry’d from Exrope ty the Eafts
Indies,
them over Land, and Shipping again in the Arabian Gulph, Sail’d direly
for India. Thus by Land and Water, were exchang’d feveral Commodities,
and the Indian Growth and rich Produéts of the Oriental World plentifully
Tranf{ported to Venice, and from thence , all Burope had ample Accommo- How they went their
journeys,
dation, until an Aeyptian Sultan fuffer’d the Way to be infefted by Thieves
and Murdering Robbers, that fo they were enfore’d to remove thence,
and Difcharge their feveral Cargoes at Aleppo; from whence, on Mules and
Camels, they carry’d their Goods to Babylon, fo to Balfarum, and then to
Ormus, where they Re-fhip’d thence, direétly ftanding for India.
Thus they enjoy’d the benefit of fo great a Trade and Commerce, until the
Portuguefe found a Paflage by Sea, faving the Expence and trouble of carrying
Goods {o tar-by Land to India ; Of which here we will a little inlarge.
John, the frit King of Portugal, who took from the Moors, by force of By what mearis the Pore
tuguefé came firft to difeo~
ver theCoats of Africa arx}
Arms, Septa, an African Cityy having five Sons; Henry his fourth behav'd himfelf India, | ‘
fo gallantly in the Leaguer of Septa, that after he became Matter of the place,
this Prince made-many bold Excurfions in feyeral Parties againft the Ene-
my, bringing in daily great {tore of Booty ; fo growing rich, he Rigg’d out
two new Veflels to make faither Difcoveries along the Coaft of Africa. Yet
" this his Expedition went on but flowly , being much taken offin Building
there anew City , then call’d Tazanabala, and fince Villa Infantis ; but being
Admonifh’d by a Dream, and Check’d for his laying thus afide his firft Dee
fign of Navigation; he foon after, Anno 1410. fet forth the Ships that’he inten.
ded, which he the more accelerated , being inform’d by fome of his Prifoners
| B2 Natives,
 ¢ AMERICA. Chap. I.
Natives , that 4frica fpread from the Bafis of Mount-Atlas , very far towards
ney Africawas ne far~ the South : This Mountain then was the Terminary-of Navigation
that way,
: becaufe: thereabouts-a long Ridge or Shelf of Sands thtuft its Poiht under
Shallow Waters fo:far'out into the Ocean , that none durft yentute to Sail ine
to the Offin, being out of fight of Land to.donble this conceal’d Cape.
the
offmn re inte The firft:that attempted to find. Deep Water, and get round about,
dift
covering feveral unknown Coafts, and Uninhabited Iflés belonging to that
Region > were Fodiines Gonfalves, |Triftan Varfeuws, and 42 gidins Annius ; amongft
Madera’s, by whom peo- which were the »Madera’s , and St. George de Picho, which Prince Henry firft
pled.
Planted with Portuguefe , andothers fince with Netherlanders. He alfo obtain’d
a Grant from Pope Martin the Fifth, of all: the difcover’d Territories Eaft-ward
from the Canaries, forever to be the undoubred Right, and belonging to the
Crown of Portugal. | | |
After Henry’s Deceafe, Anno ‘1460. the bufinefs of Navigation and Difcove-:
ries.ofnew Countreys, lay negleéted , becaufe King Alphon(o turmoyl’d ina
Civil War , his Crown being at flake, had not leifure to think or look after
uncertain improvements by Sea; yet at laft having quell’d his Enemies , he
ventur'd forth fome Ships, who Sail’d as far'as the River Zenaga, and came to
cody atom Genny wasdi- Anchor before the City of Genny, famous fince for Trade , Which
gaye its des
i nomination to the Countrey and Coafts of Guiny, where they dealing, Barter’d
for Ivory, Gold, Slaves, and alfo got fo much footing into the Countrey, that
they fuddenly rais'd up a Fort, and Man’d it with a ftrong Garrifon, Shipping
their Slaves for Lisbon. ar OF
Jobu the Second fucceeding his Father Alphonfo, had a great defign upon Ara-
bia and India, and if poffible, was ambitious to open a Paflage from the delat
tick, to the Oriental-Seas. But the difficulty lay in Steering fo often from fight
of Land, venturing into the Main Ocean, obfttuated by fo many dangerous
Shoals that lay fo far out into the Offin.
At that time flourifh’d three famous Mathematician Khoderick,Jofeph,and Mare
tin Bobemus , Pupils bred up by Joannes Monteregius ; with which the King»
confulting, perfwaded, that they would by their Art invent fome Inftrument,
that by Southern Conftellations, the Pole being deprefs’d, the Navigator might
know where he was, and in what height ; fo gueffing what diftance they were
from this or that Countrey ; they accordingly Club’d Learning, and by their
great Study, found out what fince hath prov’d fo ufeful and beneficial to Sea-
felistionsthe afoohbewes. men, the Aftrolabe ;which help having obtain’d, the Sailers encourag’d, more
leg Aa frequently ventur’d into remote and unknown Seas.
After thefe, King John of Portugal fent Jaques Cano with a Fleet, who,Sailing,
found the River Zaires, where he ere&ed a Pillar with an Inf{cription, Latin
_and Portugue/e fignifying by whom, and in what Kings Reigneliele African Coafts
were difcover’d : Here he alfo met fome of the Nativés, who more ciyiliz’d
than the reft , told him , That they hada mighty King, who Raigning over
them, kept bis Court fome few days Journey up in the Countrey , to whom
Cano lending his Agents, detain’d four Africans as Pledges, which he carry’d
with their free confent to Portugal , promifing to bring them back in fifteen
Months, who before that time having got fome {matterings of their Tongue,
oghemarkable paige of inform’d them, that their Native Soyl was call’d Congo, whither returning
by
22 ia the appointed time, they were according to their agreement, exchang’d for the
Portuguefe,and Cano addrefs’d himfelf with rich Prefents to their King, whom he
found fitting in their manner on an Ivory Throne, being from the middle up-
ward
 ~ :
*

Chap. [. . aAMERIC 2 *

4
é

ward Naked, his nether parts cover’d with long Silken Skirts, a Golden Arm AUCOVATY j of Ont
pane ~ i

; e,
aa ~~

Jet on his left Arm, athwart his Shoulders hung a Horles Tail, their Badge of
Royal Dignity : Cano humbly laid the Prefents down at the Kin gs Feet, amongit
which was a Gilded Flag, or Pennon with a Crofs, which Pope Innocent the
Eighth had Confecrated with great Ceremony. After this , many of that Na-
tion became Chriftians , and the King himfelf receiv’d Baptifms. But in fhort
time, by the Inftigations of their Diabolical Priefts , and others, Chriftiani-
ty loofing ground, grew out of countenance: Mean while, King John the Fol the Second. feels te
ifcover India by water,
Second vigoroufly Profecured the bufinefs of Difcovery, fending Jews and Chri-
fiians by Land from Alexandria and other parts of Egypt to India,and from thence
to explore the Coafts on the Eaftern fide of Africa, to the Great-Cape ;if fo a way
might be found fit for Navigators, having doubled that Point, to Traffick with
the Oriental parts of the World.
After this Princes Death the Work lay ftill a-while, but in fhore time, King Viafques de Gama his exe
pedition,
Emanuel his Succeflor frefhly undertook the bufinefs once more, fending Vafques
de Gama with four Ships , who pafling through many Dangers with great Diffi-
culties;Anchor’d at laft before Calecut,and was the firft of the Europeans that found
a way to the Ea/t-Indies. MW |
But (briftopher Columbus, five Years before Gama’s Expedition to the Eaft, had Chr: Popher Columbus’s.
been employ’d in Wettern Difcoveries, which prov’d fo very fuccefsful, that
he found no lefs thai another World: which foon after , from Americus Vefpu-
tins, was call’d America: So that the Divifion of the World by the Antients, Dividing uf the earth,
( concerning which they had fo long err’d , and were utterly miftaken ) was
now made manifeft by Experience, and undifputable Deinonftration; fot
formerly the whole World was known by no other-names than Afia, Africa,
and Europe, but now, thofe three are found to make but one Part of what ins
circles the Univerfal Globe, becaufe in the South lies a fecond, known no furs
ther than by its Coaftings and Superficial Margents ; the third part being the
New-World, our America. ' Fy i
Here it will not feem amifs , havitig prov’d that Africa was thore than . Ac querysif America was
known to the Ancients,
Coafted by the Ancients; to ingage and fearch with fome {crutiny concerh-
ing this. America; Firft, Whether at any time “twas known by the Anci-
ents? And next, by what People, and when firft Inhabited > About the
former, the Learned of thefe later times Jangle amongft themfelves , for
fome of them will needs afcribe fo much Honor to Antiquity , declinirig the
Worthy Praife of thofe that-made fe wonderful a Difcovery, as if they of old,
- and'many Ages before, had done the fame, or at leaft, that this News World to
them was not unknown, maintaining this their bold Affertion from the Au-
thority of what they find, both in Ancient Greek, and Latin Authors : Firft,
efpecially in the Learned Plato; who, as you know at large, defcribes a New Atlantica, Plato in Crisis
oS Tima,

Atlantis, lying beyond the StraightsofGibraltar, whofe Coat is furrounded with

two valt Seas that.are Sow’d thick with {Catter’d Iflands: By thefe Seas they
underftand the Atlantick and Southern-Sea, by the many Ifles, Cuba, Eispaniola,
Jamaica, California, and others, which lie {prinkled along the Coafts of America.
But it cannot be made out, that Plato defcribes ought but a Fancy , his own
Idea, not aCountrey that ever was, is, or fhall be,though he fets it forth fo Acs
curately, and with fuch Judgment,as if he had taken a Survey of the place, and
found fuch a Land indeed.
In like manner, Diodorus Siculus undertakes to prove, That America was known Died. Sie. lib.
6.’
to the Antients; telling a Story , how the Phenicians were driven by a Storm
from
 AMERICAS @2--, Aha
from the Coafts of Africa Weft-ward, falling at laft mpon a great and altoge-
ther unknown Ifland, which our late Expofitors take for America, Muft it
therefore be fo? Surely not, for it is onely a bare Story, without any Proof or
" Arif de Mirandésin Na-
tava audits,
the leaft Teftimony. They endeavor to make Ari/totle bolfter up their opinion
that he had a knowledge of this New-World, which with no {mall pains they
pump from thefe Words: “ Beyond the Herculean Pillars , certain (arthaginian
‘< Merchants penetrated the Atlantick Ocean fo far, chat at laft they found a.
‘cvaft, yet uh-inhabited Mland, producing nothing but Herbage, Plants, and
“« Wild-Beafts, yet interlac’d with many Meandring Rivers, abounding with
<< feveral forts of Fifh, lying fome days Sail from the Continent; they Landing,
“* found a Soyl fo fertile; and Air fo temperate, that there they fetled, and were
« the firft Planters of that Ifle. But the Carthaginians having intelligence thereof,
“ Prohibited all Perfons whatfoever, upon Pain of Death, to go thither, fear.
‘“‘ing the place being fo much commended, all the People would be ready
“to flock thither, and defere their own, and fi utterly unfurnith and debili-
“ cate their then growing Common- seat
But how could the Carthaginians find America , without the ie of the Com-
pals ? How happen’d it, that they were fo skied with the fertility of this their —
New-found:Land, eee the Adjacent Countreys and Fields about Carthage are
every where Flouriihing, and moft Luxurious ? So that it'may better be fup-
pos'd, that what Ari/fotle found fo long fince, may rather be the Canary-Ifles, or
GreateBrittain, than America. The Greeks having then alfo made fome Infpection
into the Brittifh--Ifles. They would alfo make you believe, that Virgil the Prince
ZEmeid. lib. 64 . ofLatin Poets, had known the New-World i
inn thefe Verles ;Aineid.lib. 6.

There, there’s the Prince, oft promis’d us before, Hic vir, hic eft, tibi quem promitti fepius audis,
Divine Auguftus Cafar, who once more Auguftus Cefar;divim genus, aurea condet
Shall Golden Days bring to th Aufonian Land, Sxcula,qui rur{us Latio, regnata per arva

Kingdoms that once old Saturn did command,

Saturno quondam, fuper & Garamantas & Indos —
And {hall Eis power to India extend,
Beyond the Annual Circle, and beyond
Proferet imperium. Jacet extra fidera tellus,
The Sun’s long Progrefs, where great Atlas bears, Extra anni Solifque vias, ubi ccelifer Atlas
Laden with Golden Stars, the glittering Sphears, Axem humero torquet ftellisardentibus aptum.
America was not known
tothe Ancients. ° But what of all this? Who finds in any of thefe Writings, any Marks of
America, ot the leaft Defcription thereof? Though we cannot deny that the
Antient Sages and Wile Philofophers of former times might éafily make out,
and no queftion did,that the Earth and Sea made the perfec Figure ofa'Globe ;
firft from the round Shadow of the Earth that Ecclipfes the Mooff; the diffe-
rent Rifings and Settings of the Celeftial Luminaries, and’ the ftill Variati-
on of the Bakes fo that the Earth and Sea makiae one Ball , they might
eafily con ictute, that the South-fide of the Equinoétial might be Inhabited as
well as the North: Buc all this was more grounded upon Natural Reafon and
. Right Judgement, than any Experience of theits, or the leaft certain know-
ledge thereof, which fince thefe later times had the firft happinefs to obtain :
{fo laying thefe Conjectures afide, there have been none more grofly erroneous,
and {o utterly miftaken in this Point, than fome of the Ancients , and efpeci-
ally the Fathers of the Church.
| Laflant. 1.3. cvag, Lattantius Firmianus, and St. Auftin, who ftrangely jear’d at as ridiculous,
. and not thinking fit for a Serious Anfwer the Foolifh Opinion of Antipodes, or
another
Cian. tL ARR TC
another Habitable World beyond the Equator: At which, Lafantins Drole
ling, fays, What, Forfooth, here is a fine Opinion broach'd indeed ; an Antipodes!
heigh-day ! People whofe Feet tread with ours; and walk Foot to Foot with us . their Heads
downwards, and yet drop not into the Sky! There, yes, very likely, the Trees loaden with
Fruit grow downwards, and it Rains, Hails, and Snows upwards ; the Roofs and Spires of
Cities, tops of Mountains, point at the Sky beneath them, and the ‘Rivers revers'd topfi-turvy,
ready to flow into the Air out of their Channels ! :
But thefe feeming witty Obfervations of Laétantius , though they may ferve Lallant. error concerne
ing our dntipodes.
for a Jelt, yet are not grounded on any ferious Reafons. for the Earth and Sea
‘being Globular, making one Univerfal Ball, all Materials whatfoever that
belong to this great Body, fink by a natural Propenfity towards its Center
fo that where-ever we Travel , our Feet are downwards, and our Heads u p-
wards, the Sky above, and the Earth beneath ; neither need they fear, that any
where the Earth fhould Moulder and drop into the Clouds: But St. Auftin Asalfo St. Anfis, de Cis
wit, Dei |,t6. Cig.

Reafons better, admitting that the Earth and Sea make a Univerfal Globe ;
yet itno way follows, that inhabited Countreys fhould lye oppofite to our
Northern, nay, altogether impofible , feeing that fide which is our Antipodes
is all nothing but Sea ; and fhould we allow, thatthere were Landand Water
mixt as ours is, who could prove, that they were Peopled ? or how could any
get thither, over fuch Vaft and Immenfe Seas? or poffibly: pafs the extream
heat of the Torrid Zone, not to be endur’d by any living Creature? And
what then becomes of Sacred Scripture, which fays pofitively, That all Men were
deriv'd from Adam, and after the Floud , from Noah and his three Sons? Therefore
the Nations ofthe Antipodes muft be of another Abftra@, there being no pofli-
bility (as they fuppos’d) of paffing from this World to that : But fince the Dif
covery of the Eaft and We/}-Indies "Experience, the beft MiftrefS, hath taught,
that in the South are mighty Lands and vaft Territories, and that as far as they
have been Penetrated, are found to be full of People, extending their Domi-
nions from Eaft to Weft. And though St. Aujtin deny’d this now well-known
Truth, yet long before histime, (icero, Pliny, and others amongft the Greeks
and Romans, divided the Earth under five Zones; which Virgil de{cribes
thus :

Five Zones the heav'ns infold, hot Sun-beams beat Quinque tenent celum zonz:quarum una corufco
Always on one, and burns with raging heat.
ehh ' Semper Sole rubens;& torrida femper ab Bo i
een pe ae DIET Quam circum extreme dextra,levaque trahuntur
Cerulea glacie concretx, atque imbribus atris.
Muffled with Storms, fetter'd with cruel Ice.
Has inter, mediamque, duz mortalibus xgris
“Twixt Cold and Edeat, two more there are,th’aboads \funere concefle divum : via feéta per ambas,
Afsign’d poor Mortals byth: Immortal Gods. \ Obliquus qua fe fignorum verteret ordo. .

With Virgil, Pliny, and the Prince of Latin Orators agree, who faith, Macrob.in Somnio Scipios
nis.1.2.¢.§.
“You fee, that thofe that inhabit the Earth dwell in Countreys fo feparated Vide Carpent, Geograph,

“one from another, that it is impoffible they fhould have any Commerce ;
“ fome of them are our Antipodes, walking with their Heads downwards, fome
“their Feet againft our fides, others, as we, with their Heads upright. You fee
“how the fame Earth feems to be Swath’d about with Rolls; of which, two
** feparated by the other three, are at utmoft diftance one from the other, ly-
“ing equi-diftant under the Vertick Points of Heaven, always cover’d with
“Snow and Ice; but the middlemoft and greateft is {corch’d by the violent
«¢ heats
 “AMERICA. | Chap. [.
‘heats of the Sun : Two Tracts are Habitable, one to the South , our Antipo-
« des, the other North, which we Inhabit. :
Pliny lib, 2. And Pliny alfovafirms, though againft the Vulgar Opinion, this truth,
¢* That the Earth is round about inhabited, and that people walk Foot to Foot
*< in moft parts thereof; though every one be ready to ask why our Antipodes drop
‘ not into the Sky,; which queftion; our Antipodes may alfo ask concerning us.
But although the Ancients upon thefe and the like Demonftrations well un»
derftood, that there was a Habitable World towards the South under our Abo
rizon, yet they could not make out or believe, that there was any poffibility to
pa(s thither; And, according as St. Auflim conceiv'd ,That the Earth produc’d:
nothing under Sine Pole, by reafon of exceflive cold, and that the Equinoxs
or Middle-Zone, was not to be penetrated, becaufe of the hfintferable heat.
_ Macrob, inSomno Scip.
lib, 2.
And Macrobius faith, “© That the Bquinoctial Circle, the Artick and Antartick Lines,
‘¢ bind the two Habitable Zones, and make Temperate by the exceflive Neigh-
“ boring Heats and Colds; and thefe Countreys onely give Animation , —
“ comfortable Enjoyment ‘to all Living Creatures. |
Moreover, St. Au/tin in fome places feems to clear his own Doubts, faying,
‘“‘ That People, if they could find a means to Sail thofe Vaft and Undifcover’d
“¢ Seas, might make Land, raifing new Stars under another Sky. 3
How beafts came on re-
mote Lflands,
A Learned Father, fearching after the Original of all forts of Beafts which
multiply by Generation, concludes, That they muft derive themfelves from
thofe that were fav’d with Noah in the Ark. But how came they to the Ifles2
To thofe adjacent and near the Main Land, they might ans Swim; to the re-
moter,they were Tranfported.
And chiefly the wild. But this Doubt is not altogether clear’d, for the Domeftick and other Creae
tures fic for Humane ufe and Suftenance were thus brought thither; Yet how
comes it to pafs, that Voracious and Wild Creatures are alfo found there, fuch
as Wolves,Tigers,Lions,and other Beafts of Prey? This puzzle putting St: Au-
ftinto a ftand,, he had no other means to get off, but by faying, that by God’s.
Commands or Deaton! the Angels convey’dthem thither ;Iffo, why might
not God pleafeto Plant Mert there in like manner, and the rather, the Earth bea
Aujfin is contradicted, ing created for Humane ufe ?, But what needed ahs’ when Men can in Ships
Tranfport themfelves, either of their own accord for cutiows Inqueft, to find
new Countreys, or elfeenforc’d by ftrefs of Weather, to far remoter, andalto-
How men came to new gether unknown Lands: Befides, though the Earth is here and there divided
Countreys.
by large Bays and vaft Seas,. yet acvertaeled: in other places it is all continu’d
Land, or at leaft parted by fome narrow In-let or Sea; fo that there wasno
diffivishey for a crouded Plantation to go over, and fo eafe them({elyesiin an-
other Countrey, till then not Inhabited, chevefre none need to.qtieftion, but
that from Adam, or nearer, from Noah’s three Sons, Sem, Haman Japhet, thofe,
as well as we, were extracted, that Inhabit this ourgother World.
Reafons why America Was
fo long unkhown, Bat one ueiionsis to be obferv’d ,How firft after the expiration of fo mas |
ny Ages in thefe our later times, a NewsWorld was difcover’d, altogether
unknown to the Antients , when they in the greatnefs of their Parts and Un-
dertaking, Prowels and Prudence, were no ways inferior to the Modern, and |
Who frit fail’d on the
Ceale
every way as fit for great Defigns a grand Exploits: 2 We need not (crue or
make the leaft doubt, but the Sea hath been Navigated of old ; but the firft ats
Several opinions of the
Antients concerning it, trempters fet forth unexperienc’d, in as pittiful and fil.gontriv d Veffels. The
Heathens afcribe the Art of Navigation, firft to the Cretans, who under the Cons
duct of Neptune ,fer forth a Navy to explore Foraign Countries, But Pliny
long —
Chap. I. | AMERICA.
long before gives the‘Invention of this Art to Erythra, King of Egypt, who upon
Pieces of Timber, conjoyn’d and brac’d together, crept along the Shores, and
ventur’dto Difcover the Iiles in the Red-Sea. But others give that honor to the
Trojans, and Micians, when with a Fleet by Sea, they Invaded Thrace: Others, Brittains amongft the

to the Britains, who made little Veffels of Leather, and were the firft that by
firft Inventors of Naviga-
tion,

this Invention found how to Float upon the Waters: Some plead, that the
Samothracians were firft; Others, that Daneus before all, found a way by Sea
from Egypt to Greece. But without all Contradi@ion, Noah’s Atk was the Pat-
cern or Sample, that fucceeding Ages imitating, built their Ships by , and the
more probable, becaufe his Offspring multiplying fo faft, that they were en-
fore’d to inlarge their Colonies, by paffing Seas, and other broad Rivers, to
fertle their Super-numeraries there. The firft Inventers of fe-
So Ja/on Invented a Ship, which he call’d Argos, which Sefoftris King of Egypt veral things belonging to
Shipping,
took.as his Pattern. Next, the Biremis, a Galley with double Banks of Oars,
was made by the Arythreans ;with treble Banks , by che Corinthian Amocles ; the
addition of the Quadruple, the Carthaginians boaft ; of the Quinqueremis Nefichthon,
Alexander the Great , brought them to twelve Banks ; Ptolomy Soter, to fifteen ;
Demetrius, Antigonus Son, doubled them to thirty ; Ptolomy Philadelpbus, to for-
ty; and laft of all, Philopater rais’'d them to fifty Banks of Oars. Hlippus a Tiri-
an, was the firft that fet Ships upon the Stocks ; the Rhodians a Ketch, and the
Batavians a Boat, the Copes made the firft Oar; Dedalus the Maft and Boltfprit,
Pifcus the Beak; the Tyrrheans the Anchor ; Tiphys the Rudder ; taking exam-
ple from the motion of a Kites Stern ; Icarus found Sails, fancy’d by the Poets
for Wings,though fome a{cribe that honor to his Father Dedalus.
Minos was the firft that Ingag’d in a Sea-Fight, whereby we may eafily con- Why in former Ages no
remote Countreys were dif-
jecture, that of old none adventur’d far into the Offin,or to remote Countreys, cover’d,

not daring to truft their fo fleight contriv’d Veffels. But thefe later times have
ftrangely and fuddenly improv’d this growing Art of Navigation, yet pitch’d
not to that height at firft, as boldly to adventure, and loofe fight of Land.
The Tyrians firft underftood how to Steer their Courfe by the North-Star, The manner of the Anti-
ents Sailing, _ q
and ‘when dark and foul Weather had Clouded the Sky , that they could nei-
ther fee Heaven or Earth, but onely Sea, they directed their Courfe by the
Wind ; and if they doubted the change thereof, they let fome Birds flie, whom
they follow’d, fuppofing that they ftood diredtly to the neareft Land. |But
thefe are but poor helps, and blind Guides to fhew you Land from the middle
of the boundlefs Ocean. It is certain, that the Romans in the time of Julius Ce/ar Of the Romanus;

and Auguftus, ftretch’d the Bounds of that Empire Eaftward to Euphrates , the Why America was fo late=
Rhyne, and the Danube, and Weftward to the Ocean'and Mount Atlas , Sailing up ly known,

and.down the Mediterranean, with great Fleets, which ftoutly endut’d the vio-
lence both of Waves and Weather; but all this made them not fo hardy, as
once to think or look aftemmew Worlds. But after the Roman. power decreas’d,
by feveral Eruptions of the Goths, Vandals, Huns, Normans, Lumbards, and other
Northern Countreys, which fwarm’d with People, that overflow’d all places
like a Deluge, fo that Europe was every where puzzel’d and Imbroyl’d ; their
whole bufinefs confifting in conjoyming Forces to withftand fuch bold Invaders,
and fo vexatious an Enemy.
_ And farther Eaft, fia was at the fame time little better, ftill trembling
at the daily Alarms and Incurfions of the Scythians, Perfians, and Saracens ; and
afterwards the Turks growing upon them more than any ofthe former, expect-
ed no other than a fad Cataftrophe, fo that the known World had too much
C : work
 uw MERTCA - — \ Chapin
work cut out for them by thefe Diftractions and Alterations of Government,
then to go in Queft of uncertainties, to find they know not where, another.
Hieron, i coas Eplaf. Here alfo is added by St. Jerom, what an antient Writer faith, Great care hath
: been taken in Computing the Age of this World, and if there be another which Commenc’d
not With ours, (as Clemens mentions in his Epiftles) where are fcituate thofe Seas and
‘Lands that make that fecond World ? Or is it a part of that, in which Adam was Created 2
Or may it not rather Metaphsrically be taken for Worldly Affairs, govern’dbythe Prince of
| the Air, ruling in the Hearts of the Children of Difobedience
__The Antiens opinionof Butt Pliny, Ciceros and Virgil, the beft in their kind of Latin Writers, concur,
puma That there may be a habitable World under our Alrizon, in the temperate
Southern Zone, beyond the extream heat, and on this fide of the Antartick
colds. ,
But what fignifies all this to the Difcovery of America, which lies not onely
under the {corching Heats of the Equinox , but under the Frofts and Snows of
In Comment.fuper Obad. the Artick and Antartick-Poles ? Yet lefs probable is that which Lodowick Leo, an
V- 195205 21

and they ofthe fons Liat! Auguftine Friex takes out of Obadiah ; as if chat Prophet in the three laft Verfes of
poffels the mount of Elau,an
shay of theand plains
ftines:
tle Dati- his Prophecy fhould {peak of the Spaniards, which fhould not onely difcover and
they /ball poffe[s
falloeoeaet ben, CONquer America, but alfo Convert the Inhabitants to the Chri/tian Faith, b) becaufe
fields of Samarias 4nd Ben-
jamin foal! pofffi Gilead. chofe that are in Sepharad, fhould
And the captivity ef thts hoft Inherit and Poffefs the Cities of the South >
of the ciléven ofUirael foal And Sayiours {hall arife from the Mountains of Zion, to judge the Monat and Wealth
poffe/s that of the Canaanites,
even unto Zarephath, and 0 Efau.
the caytivity of Jerufalem,
mii in Sephardi’ ~—-But certainly, Obadiah meant no otherA than the Reftauration of the Jews from
poffe(s the Cities of the fouth,
Aud Jaciors hallcome upon the Captivity of Babylon, who after their return, fhould grow more powerful
mount Zion, to judge the
nae perp than ever, and they, led by their Me/Sias, obtain the*height of all felicity, who
ul Tada lat would fend his Evangelifts and Apo/tles to declare Salvation to the utmoft Bore
ders of the Earth. It is true, that the Rabins Expound Sepharad to be Spain, and
therefore he concludes, that Obadiah Prophefi'd of the Spaniard, and their’ Con-
quefts in America, fo they would prove , that America was long known before.
Chrift.
And laftly, It fignifies as little what Pineda and Levinus Lemnius drive at,
co salomon’'s Flee: ailduot That Solomon firft finding the ufe of the Compafs, Rigg’d a Navy at Ezion=Ge-
ber, which from the Red-Sea had no indireé& Courfe to the Straights of Magellan
from whence he might Lade his Veflels with the Gold of Peru. In whofe De-
{cription it fhall be manifefted , that Pern is not Ophir, as fome without atry
fhew of Reafon or Truth would make us believe.
Be army dif not find the Burt as concerning King Solomon's finding out the ufe’ of the Magnet, ir is
foon faid, but not eafily prov’d, forthough that Prince exceeded all Man-kind
in Wifdom and Learning, and was perfect in the Operations , and knew the
Occulteft Secrets of Nature, underftanding what e’re belong’d to Plants, from
the Cedar of Libanus,to Hyfop,and the meaneft Shrub that grows upon the Wall,
yet it nothing makes out, that he knew the Myfteryof the Navigable ufe of
the Load«Stone : But {uppofe he did know, there‘is no where any mention of it;
and if this excellent thing, the Compafs, had been fotind in Solomon's time, how .
came it afterwards fo utterly to be loft ? | -* sai
Albertus Magnus miftakes , when he afcribes the knowledge of the Compafs to
Ariftotle, of which he himfelf makes not the leaft mention, neither Galen, Alex-
ander Apbrodifienfis., Pliny, Lucretius, nor any of the Roman, Greek, Arabian, ot
foi era, bY WHOM Other Countrey Writers whatfoever. Some give the honor thereof to an In-
Te dian, others to a Shepherd in Mount Ida, whofe Clouted Shooes being full
of Hob-Nails, the Iron fticking faft to the Stones on which
he ftood, ftopr his
motion,
Chap. If. AME KI C A.
motion. And although the Antients found out many Setrets of Nature,
amongft which this of the Load-Stone; Attracting Iron, as being its proper Food,
and the three forts of the Magnet, of which fome will not draw Steel, found by
Theamedes a Greek Author, and other fince, well known Properties : Yer they
never attain’d that knowledge, that the Load-Stone would eale Pain , and ftop Strange operations of
the Loaditone.
the effufion of Blood, though the edge piercing the Skin, opeh’d the Vein : as
Fheronimus Cardanus experienc’d on himfelf and others, which he had from Las- De fubtilitate l, 7.
rentius Guafcus, a great Chyrurgeon. Much lefs, that the Needle of the Compafs
being touch’d by the Load-Stone on the Month add of the Equinox, refpeéts the
North; but deprefing the “tick, and raifing the Antartick Pole; it looks as fted-
faftly towards the South: But far lefs dreamer they of its fever! variations, Variance of the Com-
pals.
according to the Coafts thae are neareft; as when you come from the Ifland del
Cuervo, the Point varies more Weft; but Sailing towards the Equinox, it varies
Eaftward; by which we may abfolutely conclude, that without this ufe ofthe
Genebrad. Chron.
Load-Stone, firft found by Flavius Melvins a Neapolitan, in the Year 1303. it was al-
together impofiible to reach America. So that Jofeph de Acofta miftakes, who When, and by whom the
ompafs was found,
gives the honor of the finding fo great a benefit to Navigation, to fome Mabu-
metan Seaemen which Vafques de Gama met with near Mofambique, who had Sail’d
thofe Seas by the ufe thereof; whereas Gama’s Expedition was above a huns
dred years after Melfius , phe liv’d in fuch a juncture of time for Mathema-
tical Learning, that few Ages boafted the like: For then flourifh’d in England,
and ‘were Contemporaries, befides others abroad, Richard Wallingford, Nicolas de
Lynna, Jobn Halifax, Walter Britte, John Duns, anid Jobn de Lignarys , all eminenc
in Aftronomical Arts, belonging to Navigation, and doubtlefs, no {mall helps
to Melfius in this his happy Invention.
Laftly, We will relate what hath been heldasa {eeming Teftimony, (that
‘America was known to the Europeans before the Birth of our Saviour) by an an-
tique Meddal of the Emperor Augu/tus, digg’d out of the Ground in Pern; and
fent to his Holinefs at Rome, which may well be reckon’d ‘with she like
Cheat contriv’d by Hermicus Cajadus, Anno 1505. near Syntra, a Town in Portu-
gal, where three Marbles Ingraven with antient Characters, concerning a Pro-
phecy of difcovering the Ea/t«Indies by the Portuguefe, in the Reign of King Ema-
nuel, were privately bury’d under Ground, and not long after, by a pretended
accident digg’d out, which made fuch a buftle amongft the Learned, that fe-
veral tired themfelves about the explanation of the fuppos’d Sibylline Pre-
diction.

RELRRARGEE ELLEELEC CREE ELE REECE RGA GAS ieee

C HA:P. Fi.
oFthe Original of the Americans , whence they came ; when,
how, and from what People Planted.
The original of the Avie
Bout sh Original of the Americans , the Learned Difpute fo much, that ricaws much difputed on.

A they find nothing more difficult in Story, than to clear that

Point; for whether inquiry be made after the time; when the Ameri-
cans firft fettled themfelves where they now inhabit, or after what manner
they came thither, either by Shipping or by Land; on ‘purpofe, or accidental.
ly; driven by Storm, or elfe forc’d by a more powerful People, to remove
Gi from
 AMERICA. Chap. Il:
from their old Plantations, and feek for new? or if any one fhould be yer
more curious, asking the way that direéted them out of another Countrey to
this New World :2 or elfe enquire for thofe People, from whom the Americans
deriv’d themfelves? He will find feveral Opinions , and the Learned fill
Jangling. Psy
Voyage I. 1, ¢. 8 The firft Doubt is concerning the time: Mr. Purchas, where-ever he had the
Hint, endeavors to prove; that America hath been but lately Planted; for which
he thus argues, ‘That if Afia, or Burope furnifh’d America with People in Abra-
“ bam’s time, or at leaft before the Birth of our Saviour ; then it muft upon
“ neceflity, by the Expiration of fo many Ages, have beenrnmipllmare Popu--
The time when America
‘¢ fous, then the Spaniards found when firft they difcover'd it. Befides, the vaft
was firft Peopled. as Teritories yet unhabited (fays he) are fufhcient teftimonies, that this New
‘¢ World hath been Planted but featteringly, and not many Ages fince; elfe
“ the’ Countrey would have more abounded with Inhabitants, becaufe the fere
“« tility of the Soyl was able plentifully to maintain Millions more, then were
“ there when firft difcover’'d : And what Marksare betterto know’'a new Peos
“ ple by, in any Countrey, thana rude Life and unfettled Government? juft
‘like a Family removing to another Houfe,which takes no fhort time to fettle
‘‘ their Goods arid Houfhold-ftuff in a handfome and convenient Order.
The condition of the firft
World after the Floud, ‘© When Noah went out of the Ark on Mount Ararat, and not long after, faw
“his Seed {pread over Armenia and Affyria, the new Generation of People con-
“ fifted.in Shepherds and Husbandmen , that fetled themfelves near Lakes and
“‘ Rivers. Villages, Cities (and much lefs) whole Kingdoms,were {carce found
«on the Face of the Earth,and as little of Trade or Commerce, Riches, Divifion
“ of Lands,coftly Garments and Furniture for Houfes,were not then in ufe,but
“the works of long fettlements in happy Peace.To curb growing-Wickednefs,
‘Cand the Pride of Libertines, who incroach’d upon their weaker Neighbors,
“Laws were invented , by which Bridle, the unbroke or wild World grew
“camer: And firft, the Affyrians were brought to endure the Bit,and anfwer the
“ Reins of Government ; then Egypt, next Greece, and after that the Romans, who
‘« fpreading their Power by Arms and Martial Difcipline , firft civiliz’d the
“¢ Gauls, Spain, Brittain, and laftly Germany.
“Bat becaufe a Countrey or Paftoral Life,knowing no Cumaeene but mean
“ Hovels, and to dwell in Huts, priding in poor and no Habits, defpifing all
ce picauticly, unlimited by Laws, and all things elfe, (which the People obferv’d
** prefently after the Flood) is now found among the Americans , who will take
“them for ought elfe, but new Comets to that Land, as themfelves acknows
“ledge? For the Mexicans boaft, that they are the eldeft there, and thatfrom
“them, Peru, Chili, Chika, and other Countreys towards the Southy had their
“Colonies, and yet the oldeft Chronicles of Mexico reckon not above a thou-
<¢ fand Years. "Thus far Mr. Purchas.
But certainly , all this Mufter of appearing Reafons , is not able to yan
quifh fingle Truth; For, grant that America was not very Populous when the
América was Peupled ma=
ny Ages ago,
Spaniards firft iysived there, muft this needs prove, that it was never well in-
habited before? Perhaps ci Civil Wars, whiclx have been always deftruaive
to this Nation, have much hindred the incall of People; and the more, be-
eaufe their salvage Nature is fuch, that in feveral places they account Man’ s
Parchas contradicted.
Flefh Broil’d'a very great Dainty. And fuppole fuch Prodigal Excefs of their
Humane Bankets were not us’d in America, as indeed they are, Is it wonder, that
fuch a great part of the World, not onely exceeding maeaye in bignels, bakeAfia
alfo:
Chap. IT. AMERICA.
alfo fhould here and there have a Trad of Land uninhabited ?, Thefe might,
by reafon of their Barrennefs, be ufelefs, as many fuch places are found in the
midft of the moft Populous and fertile Countreys. But above all this, it is cer-
cain, that America to this day (notwithftanding almoft innumerable thoufands
of Indians formerly Slain and Maflacred by the Spaniards) is fo well in-
habited, that it may ftand in Competition with either Afia or Europe. And
how could fuch yaft multitudes Plant the far-{preading Countrey of. America,
without the helpofmany Ages? Moreover, This truth is not without fuffici-
ent Teftimonies , when any one looks on the Iflands with which America lies
incompafs’d, he may fuppofe they did not willingly go from the Main Con-
tinent to the Ifles, but were driven thither by Wars among themfelves, or as
moft times it happens, becaufe of the vaft.increafe of the Natives , the Coun-
trey muft difcharge its burden, | ee»
Hereto is added , the feveral Languages us’d in America, as in Europe ox any
other part of the known World ; whereby we may eafily guefs, that America
was Peopled prefently after the Confufion of Tongues-at Babel. Furthermore,
If the Aniericans live a Rude Life,go meanly Habited,be without ftately Houfes;
fuch Cuftoms are even among us obferv’d by Several People; as the Tartars,
Numidians, and others, which made their Antiquity be call’d in queftion. He
alfo muft needs have no knowledge of the Arts and Mechanick Sciences usd by.
the Americans, who concludes, that they fetled but latelyin America. One Ar-
sument at prefent will be fufficient to contradiét them all, and in the further
Defcription, the contrary will be more manifeft.
Hieronimus Benfo relates, That he ftood amaz’d at the Gold and Silver Smiths
American Gold-Smiths,

in the Territory of Chito, who without any Iron Tools, made Images, and all
manner-of Vellels : Which work they perform’d thus, Firft, they made an Oval
Crucible of a good Lock , round about Pafted with Earth ,embody’d with
the Powder of Wood Coals; which Crucible being Bak’d very hard in the
Sun, they fill with PiecesofGold or Silver, and put inthe Fire, about which
ftanding with five,fix,or more Pipes made of Canes,they blow the Fire fo long,
till the Mettal melts, which others fitting on the ground, run it into Moulds
of black Stone , and fo with little trouble ; Caft into what fhape they pleafe.
Laftly, Though Mexico can reckon but a thoufand years, muft it therefore fol-
low , that the Inhabicants are no older? How many famous places ( even
among our felves) have no longer Regifters, and if chey have,they are common
ly Fabulous, few Nations boafting truly their own Original; which Argu-
ment, not onely contradicts (as we fuppofe) Mr. Purchas, but all others afcri-
bing the Plantation of America to our later times.

: : Secr I

qj Is the next place, let us efquire, how the Americans were tran{mitted thi-
After what manner the
Inhabitants of America

t ther, whether by Sea, or Land? Both which are feafible two feveral
came thither.

on
ways; if they made an Expedition thither, as Difcoverers, or were driven
thofe Coafts by ftrefs of Weather.
The firft is moft unlikely ,and not feeming poflible, for how could they
Steer thorow fo vaftan Ocean, to Countreys they never heard of, without the
Compa{s, and other Neceflaries for fuch a Voyage ¢ for when firft diftover'd,
their want of experience in Shipping for fo longa Voyage; knowing nofur-
ther than the ufe of {mall Boatsor Canous, plainly explode, that they willingly
| | Steer’d
 AMER, ICA. Chap. II.
Ee — —_ Pera ee
, 3 >

ares ee aes - :
TET Reeve Fue a

Steerd froma known World, to an unknown, with no better accommodati-

on; but fome probable reafons may be made out, to induce us to believe, that
they were rather driven thither by Storm.
But fome will fay, How liv’d the little Boats, and how indur’d they in fuch
a continual Tempeft, and were not either fwallow’d up amidft the Waves, or
ftarv’d for want of Provifion, which their hollow Troughs could not con-
tain ?
The firft doubt is the leaft, for there are Examples enough by which appear,
that oftentimes great Ships Bulging,are over-fet or funk in the Sea by foul Wea.
ther when the Mariners efcape in their Cock-Boat; and if they were
but thin-
ly Victual’d for fo long a Voyage, queftionlefs, that little which they had,
they
{pun out, and made it laft, while the impetuous Storm fhortned the paflag
e,
which fair Weather would have made much longer. ,
Plin lg, ¢. 224 Pliny tells us of Annius Plocquius, General of the Red-Sea, That one of
his
Stranze voyage of aRo-
Slaves being Enfranchiz’d , Sailing down towards the Arabian Gulf, was
man Slave, cat-
ty'd by a violent Tempeft fromthe North, beyond (aramania , and on the
fif-
teenth day came toan Anchor in Hlippuros, a Haven of Laprobane, which
Ortelius
judges to be Sumatra ; but Mercator and Cluverius, on better ground
s, Zeylon,
which is no lefs than three thoufand Englifh Miles.
=
In like manner, Fofeph de Acofta tells us, That in fifteen days time,
he got
with a Northerly Wind from the (anaries to America, and his Voyag
e had been
fhorter, durft he have born more Sails, which may partly clear the forme
r
doubts, =
The Perxvians opinion |
concerning antient Sea- Moreover, the Peruvians themfelves give fome {mall Teftimony (in
their an-
Voyages.
tient Records) of a few that Landed of old upon their Coafts, which
were (as
they fay) mighty and cruel Giants, committing much Bloodfhed, Slaug
htering
the Natives every where; and having fubdu’d the whole Countrey, built
ftately
Edifices, of which remain yet the Ruines of fome Foundations, very Artificial
and Coftly. They alfo fhew near Manta, and Puerto Viejo, many huge Bones (as
| | | they
 Chap. Ik AMERICA. Me
an ordinary Mans.
they believe of Giants, three times Jonger and thicker than
Sail’d Weftward thi-
They alfo tellus, that many Ages fince, one Ica and Arica
however, withouc . 4%" MiPo: aha
- ther upon Sea Wolves Skins, blown up like Bladders : But
Velffels,
contradiftion., the Americans never knew, much lefs built any fuch
their Balfas,
with which they durft venture to the Offm, out of fight of Land:
of our {mall Barques;
Periagos and €anoos, will not all amount to the Bulk of one
Fleet, 4ént
wherefore the Inhabitants of Tumbez, when they defcry’d the Spanifh
and bigne(s
to difcover Peru, were amaz’d at the high Mafts, {preading Sails,
Sea; ‘but ob-
of the Ships, judging them firft to be Rocks, caft up out of the
ed-Men, fa a er
ferving them to approach their Coaft, and that they were full of Beard
in
thought the Gods were walking in them ; by our Modern Poet, Mr. Dryden
his Indian Emperor; thus Elegantly deferib’d.
Guyomar to Montezuma.
°

T went in order, Sir, to your Contmand, Wings on their fides, in ftead ofLeaves did grow,
To view the atmoft Limits of the Late Es Which gather'd all the Breath the Winds could blow :
To. fee that Shore, where no more World is found; And at their Roots grew floating ‘Palaces,
But Foamy Billows, breaking on the ground ; Whofe-out-blow’n Bellies cut the yielding Seas.
Where, for a while, my Eyes no Object met, ,
Mont: What Divine Monfters, 0 ye Gods, were thefe
But diftant Skies, that in the Ocean fet:
And low-bung Clouds that dipt them/elves in ‘Rain That float in Air, and fly upon the Seas
To fhake their Fleeces onthe Earth again. Came they alive or dead upon the Shore :
At laft, as far as I could caft my Eyes Guy. Alas, they liv'd too fure, I heard them roar.
| Upon the Sea, fomewhat, methought did rife All turn’d their fides, and to each other poke,
Like Bluifh Mi/ts , which flill appearing more, I[aw their Words break out ie Parecand Sake:
Took dreadful Shapes, and mov'd towards the Shore. Sure, tis their Voice that Thunders from on high,
Mont. What Forms did thefe new Wonders reprefent ¢ Or thefe, the younger Brothers of the Skie.
pr
7
Guy. More jfirange than what your Wonder can invent. with the noife, I tvok my hafty Flight,
ctly view, Deaf
The Objeét I could firft diftin e can fupport the Fright.
Was tall firaight Trees, which on the Waters flew; No Mortal Courag
Queftion, viz: Grant that the
But the refolving thefe Doubts, (tarts 2 harder
then came the Beafts thither ¢
Americans were by Tempeft driven thither, How
It is certain, that thofe which are beneficial for humane ule, as Dogs for to
flaries, might eafily be car- 5
Hunt, great Cateel, Sheep, for Food, and other Nece
other Cat- Re oveabah =nine
-¥y’d thither, for fo the Spaniards brought Cows, Horfes, Swine, and Hispaniola, 7 ii
tel ; and alfo Poultery from Spain , to the new-difcoverd Ifles, Cuba,
n at their arrival, formerly no fours
Jamaica, Margaretta, and La Dominica, whe
le Soyl hath fo multiply’d their
footed Beafts were found there, whole ferti
as faft, do great hurt
| increafe, that the Dog®seunning Wilde, and breeding
their Skins, leaving their
to the Grazing Herds, which they onely fhoot for
’on which they lie.
Fleth, the beft of Meats, oncly to Manure the Ground
el might eafily be allow’d of,
The Tran {porting of tame and profitable Cart
rs, Bears, Wolves, Foxes,and
but who would load their Ships with Lions, Tyge
that fome may be tam’d
other Serpents and Voracious Beafts? it is certain
before they were Ship’d. How wild Beafts «
took grea t plea fure in naka aleeHi.
Lampridius relates, That Heliogabalus the Roman Emperor,
his Guelts withal, for with +" lash’
in Domeftick Lions, and Leopards, to frighten
fate-betwixt the Invited , 2 Man
the third Courfe, they were all brought in, and
by and
ie
 16 AMERIT A. Chap. II:
Lib. 2. cap: 79% and a Beaft. The great (ham, as Paulus Venetus an Eye-witnels attefts
, Rides on
Strange Hunring- _Hunting, attended in couples with tame Leopards. The King of Camboj
a in like
manner is ferv’d with Panthers: Scalizer adds alfo, That they went not unpro-
vided of a.Lamb or Goat, to give the Panther , left falling into his natural fe.
rocity, provok’d by hunger, he fhould make the Huntfmen his Quarry, ifhe
had no other Prey. But notwithftanding fome wilde Beafts feem to forget
their Voracious Nature, yet there ought great care to be taken in the Trant-
porting of them, becaufe they oftentimes grow wild again , which France can
rarrange accident of two witnefs, where two Leopards, a Male and
a Female being tam’d , prefently
) after the death of King Francis, whether negligently or on purpofe, let loofe,
ran into the Woods, and near Orleans devour’d a great number of Peopl
e, and
Cattel : Ge/ner faith, That fome Womens bodies were found, who were un-
touch’d, onely their Breafts eaten by the Leopards, as if they took them
for
the daintieft part; which is not unlike the antient Jeres, who according
Adv, Jovin. ]. 2 to Saint
Fierom , entertain’d their Guefts as a moft delicious Dith, ‘with Womens
Breafts, and Mens Buttocks Roafted. Befides, the devouring nature
of thefe
Wilde Beafts, what profit could Tygers, Lions, Wolves, Bears, and the
like
advantage the Tran{porter ? And how came Serpents, Adders, and
other Re-
ptiles, thither over the Ocean, that with no Art whatfoever can be made
tame ? Were the {mall Veffels juft laden with fuch terrible Creatures, when
againft their wills, they were by Storm driven on a new Coaft? By thefe im-
pofibilities we may eafily judge, that the Americans came thithe
r by Land,
and no other way, but how, and upon what occafion muft
be our next’
enquiry. : :
SecT. “Lh
.
‘

Two reafons wherefore @ H Iftories generally gives us onely two accounts,

the people remove from Why People remov’d
their Countreys, from one Countrey to another, either not, or thinly inhabited, whe-
ther driven by force, or of their own accord, fo tounbuithen and give
eafe to
theit too Plethorick Countreys.
Thus the banifh’d Japanners forfook their Native Countrey, and fetled them.
felves in a defolate Soyl, fince a flourifhing Empire, fhining with
Riches, and
Crown’d with ftately Cities: So the Batavians took pofleffion of the uninhabi-
ted Ifle, lying between the Rhyne, and the Wael, being driven out of
Eleffen by
Civil-Wars , and preferv’d the memory of the place, from whence
they had
their Original on the urmoft Point of the Ifland , inthe Villag
es of Cattenwyck'
for the Heffens formerly went by the name of Catti ; others
that remov’d did
not onely fall upon their Neighbors, but made a way by force of Armsy
'tho-
fing their Habitations under a temperate Climate, and ima fruitfullSoy
l. Af
ter which manner the Franks enter’d Gaul, and afterwards the
Dermans fer upon
France; {fo that the Conquer’d Countreys, have ever finéé
from the Conqgue-
rors been call’d France and Normandy: But although it cannot
punctually be
faid, how the Inhabitants of America remov'd . yet it is without
contradi@ion,
by he poetacknowledg'd that they firft found an empty Countrey.
>

The Opinions which they have

Heathensbutmyfteriowly. themfelves concerning it, are full of idle Fanci
es ; Firft, they queftion their
Original from the Floud, which is fo well rooted in the memory of all Nati-
ons, that the blindeft and moft ignorant know fomething of ‘ic, thoug
h de-
formedly alter’d and vatyd, tack’d up with additional fabul
ous Stories, the
truth it {elf known onely to us, but to all others loft in Oblivion,
Who
 Chap.II. “AMERICA.
Who hath not heard of Deucalion’s Flood, how his Wife Pjrrba and he only
efcap’d in a little Boat, and (as “tis Fabl’d) landing on a Monntain, from
thence Peopled the World again, by throwing Stones backwards over their
Heads? Something of this feems to hint the true Story of Noah, his Wife;
and Children, from whom the defolated World was replenifhed,
The fame they relate of Prometheus, concerning whom, thus Diodorus Sicu-
lus : ** They fay that the Nyle breaking through his Dams, and over-flowing
‘his Banks, drown'd all Eyypt, efpecially that part where Prometheus Rul'd,
“< where allthe Inhabitants were {wallow’d by the Deluge. None can ima-
gine but that Diodorus by this makes mention of a particular Flood,and not the
general one in Noah’s time; for as the Greeks afcrib’d all things to their Heroes,
fo the Egyptians in like manner did the fame to theirs : Therefore they have of
the general Flood,made a particular one in Egypt,though perhaps itnever was :
So that what is Fabled of Prometheus, is nothing but a Part of the Univerfal
Deluge ; which the Name Prometheus proves, becaule it fignifies, Sprung from Promethejs and Noab are
ame. j
Heaven,and is the fame with Noah, whom they hold to be the firft Father of all
Mankind fince the Flood,born of, or regenerated from his Wife dfia; and Afia
fignifies Earth, or The Mother of all things; and fo efpoufing Noab, being {prung
from God, to Ararat, from whence defcended the Generations of Mankind,
and by degrees {pread over the whole furface of the Earth.
Fhe Chinefes, Baft-Indians, Japanners, and other People of Afia and Africa, have
alfo fome knowledge of a very ancient Flood; but hood-wink’t under many
idle Fancies, not unlike that which the Americans relate, from whom {feveral
Learned Perfons find no ob{cure Confeffions of the Deluge, which thus my- A60%as 1, 1. ©, 25¢
ftically they have wrapp'd up, That one Viracocha cameout of the great Lake
Titicaca, and ferled his Refidence upon Tiaguanaco, where yet remain the Ruines
of ancient Walls, built-after a wonderful manner : At length removing from
Tiaguanaco to Cafco, he began to multiply the Generation of Mankind. They
dhew in the foremention’d Lakea {mall Ifland, under which, the Americans fay, Strange Opinjon of the
Americans concerning the
the Sun fav’d himfelf from the Flood ;wherefore in ancient Times they fu: Flood.

perfticioufly obferv’d that place, heightning their Bloody Sacrifices with Hu-
mane Slaughter. Others relate, That fix Perfons leap’d through a Hole out
of aWindow, from whence all Men were fince Extracted ; and from that new
Increafe, the wfane (after the Inhabitants of the Old World were all drown’d)
got the Denomination of PacariTampo ; and therefore they hold the Tampo’s to
be the moft ancient Families: From hence Mangocapam deriv’d, being the Pri- Original ofthe 4merican
Ki ngs, and ther Cujtom,
mogenitor of the Ynca’s or Kings ;from whom {prung two paawuasiens. Hanon
Cuxco,and Urim Cuzco. They cell * alfo, That their Ynca’s,when they make War
upon aty People, fay that the occafion, asthey pretend, was, becaufe all Ter.
ritories are Tributary to them juftly, tim whom they were deriv’d and re-
ftor'd, being the firft Planters of the New World ; and withal, That the true
Religion was declar’d to them from Heaven.
This Relation, though mix’d wich Fables, fhews (but very darkly) that Americaus Flood is t2-
they have fome knowledge of the Flood: For who are thofe fix elfe that ken out of the Scripture.

leap’d out of a Window to replenifh the Generations of Mankind, but Shem,

Ham, and Japhet, with their Wives 2
The Americans can give but a little better Account of their firlt Original :
and indeed it ismo wonder, becaule for want of Books they can relate adchiny
certain, but only what rhey have Regiftred in their ufual Quipocamagos, which
is not above four hundred years old. Aco/ta asking warhat Original they judg'd .
they
 1. “A MER,IC A. Chap. II.
Peruoions Opinion. they were of, and from what Countrey and People deriv’d ? receiv’d no:other
_ Anfwer, but that America only was their native Countrey, and that they were
deriv’d from no other elfewhere. But though the Peruvians are of this Opie
fied aiethe:amalonnss EUS Vem the Mexicans are of another mind, giving the Spaniards a far better Ac-
; count when firft they came thither, wherein we muft a little deviate, viz.How
they were remov’d from fome other place, as Robert Comteus relates, who
with many Learned and feemingly true Arguments affirms, That the Original
of the Americans muft be fought for either among the Phenicians ,Sydonians ,Tyrians,
Lib. 1. cap. 7. or Carthaginians, being indeed all one People. Herodotus faith thus of the Pheni-
cians, “€ They liv’d formerly, according to their own Relation, along the Shore
“of the Red-Sea ; from whence removing, they planted the Sea-Coaft of the
“ Syrians. Feftus Avienus the Latin Poet agrees with this Opinion,where he faith,

On the Phenicians Coafts the. Ocean beats,

Who through the. Red-Sea Sailing, chang’d their Seats.
They were the firft that ventur’d through the Seas,
And freighted Ships with richer Merchandize:
Fair or foul Weather, Ihey without controule!
Sought Foreign ‘Trade, directed by the Pole.

Original and Habieati- _Ariffotle from a Greek Word calls them Phenicians, from their being red or
‘ons of the Pheniciaus , 0
witom, aecording rofeveral bloody with the.Slaughter of all Strangers that Landed on their Coaft ; but
extracted. rather, and fo indeed they are call’d Phenicians, or Erythreans, from Efau, ox
Edom, from whom they are deriv’d,; for thefe two Words, or Denominations,
fignifie in Greek, Red; the two laft,; the like in Hebrew. Phenix hime
felf firft planted all the Countrey lying between the River Eleutherns, and
the Egyptian City Pelufinm; and afterwards Damiata, wafh’d by the Mediz
terrane: But fince, thefe Boundaries are alter’d, on the North, by Judea, Weft.
ward, by the Mediterrane ; Southerly, by Egypt ; and towards the Eaft, by the
Defart Arabia. | |
The chiefeft Cities are Prolemais, otherwife call’d Acon, Sidon, Arad, Great Cas
na, Sarepta, ‘Biblis, Bothris, Berithus, and their Princefs Tyre, formerly {cituate in
an Ifle, but fince joyn’d to the Main-Land by Alexander the Great.
None can difown, but that the Phenicians have every where been Admirals
of the Sea; fo that they were formidable to the greateft Princes. When the
Hersdot. lib.s, Perfian King (ambyfes came with a valt Army againft the Carthaginians, he was
forc’d to give over his Defign, becaufe the Phenicians refus'd to help him with
their Fleet, being allied to, and the City founded by them: But they not only
SalutinIgurtha, built Carthage,which {trove with Rome to be the Emprefs of the World,but alfo
the famousCities Leptis, Utica, Hippo, and Adrumetum in Africa, with Cadiz and
Tarteffus in Spain, nay, they fent Plantations of People intoithe Heart of Iberia
and Lybia. It will not be amifs toadd Q. Curtivs his Relation, who tells us,
oj venient Power
ofthe. €€ Where-ever the Phenicians came with their Fleets, Landing their Men, they
| « {ubdu’d whole Countreys, and by that means f{pread their Colonies over the
“known World ; Carthage in Africa, Thebes in Boetia, and Cadiz near the Weftern
“Ocean, Ariftotle relates, “‘ That they made fuch rich Returns of their Mer-
*‘ chandize, and chiefly of their Oyl, in Spain, that their Anchors, Pins, and
« all Iron Materials belonging to a Ship, in ftead of that Metal, were Silver.
But to return to our Difcourfe, and difprove the former Teftimony, That
the Phenicians found America. The formention’d Comteus faith thus; “ None
« can
 Chap.II. AMER ICA. a Ae
*¢ can juftly doubt, but that fince che Phenicians took the Command of the Sea _,Teflimonies thar the 4-
ericans are deriv'd from
“« from the Rhodians, they more and more increas‘d their Fleets, and growing “ ve Phenicians,
“‘ experter in Navigation, paffing the Gibraltar Northward, became Matters of
“ Cadix,and {till prepar’d new Fleets;which fearching beyond Atlas Southward,
- difcover'd the Coafts of Africa, and the adjacent Ifles, driving a great Trade
“« to the Canaries, and to thole which lay {catter’d along Cape de Verd,. formerly
*¢ call’d the Gorgades. This way of Trade alfo was not unknown to the Greeks,
Iberians, and other People; but after the Phenicians aflum’d it wholly co
‘«themfelves, without any refpect or difference of Countreys, they funk all
“‘ whomfoever they could catch. Curtins further adds, faying, “I believe that Firft Teftimonys

“ the Phenicians, failing into thé Main Ocean, have difcover’d unknown Coun:
“treys. And which are thofe ? Not the Gorgades,or Canary Ifles ; for thofe were
fufficiently known before; but a Main Land, far beyond. But though the Pheni- Is contradid&ed,

cians were moft expert, yet not skilful enough to make out fuch Difcoveries.
They indeed were the firft that before any other {ail’d out of the Mid-land
Sea; nay,they ventur’d a good way into the main Ocean, beyond the Straights
of Gibraltar, or the Herculean Pillars: But how far? Not to the Gorgades, above
half way betwixt Spam and America; but to the Cafsiterides, or Flemifh Iflands,
which to the number of nine lie in fight of Spain. Strabo affirms this Truth, Lib. 3. Geogr,

faying, ‘° The Caffiterides are ten, lying in order clofe by one another: One Flemmifb. Iftands,

““remains- uninhabited; onthe reft live a fwarthy People. This way the
Phenicians fail’d firft, when they were in queft for Trade, from Cadiz, And
though he reckons ten, there are indeed but nine, viz, St. Michael, St. Mary, St.
George, Tercera, de Pico, or Tenariff, fo call’d from the Mountain which vomits
Fire, Fayal,Las Flores ,Del Cuervo, and Gratiofa. Moreover,the fame Strabo relates, Lib. 17.
“*’"That the Carthaginians did not throw over-boatd the Traders on the remote
** Gorgades, but thofe efpecially that came from Sardinia or Cadiz,
Mean while, we cannotdeny, but that the Gorgades that lye before Cape de Salt-Iands how long
Verd were frequented by the Carthaginians, long before the Birth of our Savior;
wn
Joan, Mariana de Reb,
Hif[pan, lib. 1. cap, 20,
but with fo much admiration,that Hanno their Captain in that Expedition was
lifted amongftthe number of their Heroes, hapning thus: The Carthaginians
failing for Cadiz, to affift the Phenicians againft the Spaniards, made that the Seat
of War, which foon drew on a greater Defign; for Hamilco and Hanno being
impowr’d by the Senate at Carthage, manag’d the War.in Spain. Both of them
were ambitious to difcover new Countreys. Hamilco fail’d along the Coaft of
Spain and Gaule, reaching to Batavia, Hanno fteer’d Southerly, carrying thirty Very remarkable Voy-
age of Hanue the Cartha-
thoufand Men of all Trades in his Fleet, purpofing to build a new City in ginian, along the Coalt of
Africa to the Salt-Iflands,
fome place or other, and got beyond the Promontory Ampelufium, now call’d
Cabo Spatil; the River Ziloa, which wafheth the City Arzilla; and the Stream
Lix, now Luffo, where the Poets place the Gardens of the He/perides, i the cu-
ftody of a waking Dragen: From thence proceeding on his Voyage, he came
toan Anchor in the Mouth of the River Subur, at this day call’d Subu, and
afterwards before the City Sala, now call’d Salle, at that time made very dan-
gerous by the voracious Beafts in the neighboring Woods: At laft the Fleet
reach’d the Foot of the leffer Atlas, which ends atthe Point Chaunaria, by the
Modern Navigators call’d Cabo Non, becaufe it was judg’d, that none could
feape with Life, that durft adventure to fteer beyond Chaunarias yet Hanno
fail’'d between Palma, one of the Canary-Iflands, and the Promontory Bojadoris,
towards the pointed Coaft call’d then Cornu Hesperium, but now (ape Verd, in
the River fama, by Caftaldus call’d Omirabi : Here he found horrible Crocco-
: ‘D4 diles,
 AMERICA. Chap. If.
diles,and Hlippopotami ot SeasHorfes. At/ama is held to flow from the fame Foun-
tain whence the Nyle hath its Original. In this Latitude Hanno defcried thofe
, Sthe-
Iflands which he call’d Gorgones (from the three deform’d Sifters Medufa
nio, and Euryale, whofe Heads were Periwig’d with curl’d Serpents) becaule
Hollanders
they found as ‘\lfavor’d Women on thefe Iflands,which at this day the
call the Salt-I/lands ; amongft which, the chiefelt is St. Jago, a Colony of The
Portuguese , but the Mountains Oppofite to the Gorgones, on the main Coaft of
Africa, rifing aloft with {piring tops near the River Majitholus, lanno call’d the
Chariots of the Gods,now nam’d Sierra Liona, lying in eight Degrees Northern La-
titude. When Hanno and his Armado,ecither provok’d by an undaunted Courage,
or covetous of Fame, if they proceeded in their fo wonderful Adventure,went
Strange Villon, forward, where they reported, that they faw Rivers of Fire falling into the
Ocean, the Countrey all about burning, and the tops of the Mountains dazle-
ing their Eyes with continual Flafhes of Lightning, intermix’d with terrible
Thunder ; adding further, ‘That the Natives all che Summer fhelter’d them-
felves from the exceffive Heat, in Caves under Ground ; and coming forth in
the night, run abroad with lighted Torches over their Ground, fo gathering
in their Harveft, and Officiating all other Affairs of Husbandry: Yet Hanno no
ways daunted at fuch ftrange Sights, fail’d from Sierra Liona Southerly to the
AE quinox,where he difcover'd an Ifland not far from the /frican Coaft, inhabited
The Ancients beljev'd by a roughand hairy People, to take fome of whom,he us‘d all poffible means,
Baboons to be Men,
-yet could not; onely two Women, being incompafs’d by Soldiers, were ta-
ken, and carried aboard ; but being Very falvage, and barbaroufly wild, could
not be tamed, or brought to any Complacency; fo they kill’d them,and carried
their ftuff'd-up Skins to Carthage, where they were a long time gaz’d upon with
great admiration.
The Ifland St. Themas. This Ifland which Hanno then found, can be no other but that which we
‘call Se. Thomas, and hath a very unhealthy Air for Strangers, but elfe very
fruitful, and abounding with Sugar-Canes ; and the hairy People which he
makes mention of, were Babeons, or Baboons, which Africa in this place breeds
large, to the amazement of the Beholders, in great abundance ; becaufe
thofe deform’d Monfters, more than any other Beaft whatfoever, reprefent
Humane fhape. AY
Hiuno'’s Return, Here Hanno ftopp’d his Voyage, being hindred from going further for want
of Provifion. Five years he. {pent in this Expedition, before he Anchor'd
again at Cadiz, from whence not long after he fteer’d to his Native Countrey
(arthage, where he was receiv’d with no lefs Wonder than State,infomuch that
none before or after him ever gain’d greater Honor, feeming to oblige his
Countrey with the hopes of future Profits from thele new difcower’d Regi-
Is for his Voyage plac'd
among't the Gids,
ons: Nay, he receiv’d a Name, and was plac’d amongft their Gods in the
Temples, which he being ambitious of; promoted afte r manner,
a ftrange
teaching feveral Birds to cry, The great God Hanno; which when they could
{peak perfect, they were let fly in the Air, where to the admiration of all Peo:
ple, they every where repeated their well-taught Leflott.
This the moft remarkable Voyage which hapned in the time of the Anci-
ents, confidering they wanted feveral Mathematical Inftruments belonging to
Navigation, and efpecially the ufe of the Compafs ; and alfo confidering the
length of the Voyage to Sierra Liona, whither never any durft venture before :
Nay, in fo many Ages after Hanno, the famoufeft Navigators which were fer
out by the King of Portugal, fear'd along time to cut theit Paflage through the
| , | AL quinoétial-
Chap. II. AMER IC 4.
AE quinottial-Line ;however in long Procefs of time, divers Experiments were
made, which have now fo much improv’d the Art of Navigation.
Hanno’s Voyage was four hundred years before the Birth of our Savior ; Teflimony that America
was not known to the An-
therefore if none have been further than Hanno, until the time the Portnpucle cienéd.
fail’d beyond Cape de Bona Efperanza, how could America be difcover’d by Sea?
How did they fteer from the Salt-I/lands, or St. Thomas, out of fight of Land,
through the Main Ocean, toan unknown World ? Hanno himfelf, who was the
ftouteft of all Ancient Navigators, not only crept along the Africdn Coat,
which made him {pend fo much time; but not daring to crofs over thofe wide
{preading Bays he found, left not ie hold of the Shore, and meafur’d and
fearch’d every winding telec and Creek : And if he founda New World, why
was it not known? The more, becaufe his Ambition carry’d him on to get a
Name and Reputation by fuch Naval Difcoyeries. And how true the Relati-
on of this Expedition is, Pliny tells us, faying, The Journal-Books were then
to be feen which Hanno writin that his African Expedition : Though many of
the Greeks, and alfo of our Moderns, following Hanno, have found feveral
things contrary to his Obfervations, wherein he makes mention of feveral
Cities built by him, which none ever fince heard of, or any have feen, neither
is there the leaft Marks of their Ruines to be found.
This large Relation ferves for nothing elfe, but to fhew that they feek in
vain herein to give the Honor of the Eaciceurian of America to the Ancients;
And as little do thole Teftimonies fignifie that are taken out of Diodorus Sict
lus, Pliny, Pomponius Mela, and Alian. It will be worth our time to hear every
one of them patticuldvly.
Firft, Diodorus faith, “Beyond -Lybia, in the Ocean, lies a very gteat Lib. 6. cap. 7:
Second Teftimony; that
oe Ifland, feveral days Seiling in
8 Circumference, having a very fruitful Soil,and the Americans are deriv’d
from the Phenicians.
Blealaat Meadows, diftinguifh’d by Hills, and moiftned by Navigable Ri-
‘* vers, unknown in Ancient Times, becaufe it feems to be feparated from the
“Sother World, and was thus found: The Phenicians failing along the Lybian
“ Coaft, were feveral days and nights tofs’d with perpetual Tempefts, and at
*¢ Jaft driven to the foremention’d Ifland, where Anchoring, and obferving the
‘¢ pleafant Scituation thereof, made it known to their Magiftrates.
But how: comes this namelefs Ifland to be America? What Man would take IscontradiGeg.

that for an Ifland, which far exceeds the main Continent of fia? And have
the Phenicians aah d the finding of this New World to any ¢ Whence then
proceeds fuch great filence amongft all the Ancient Writers of a whole World,
-who otherwife us’d to give Denominations to the leaft remote Village, or
Mountain, or River?
Pliny {peaks after the fame manner, faying, <¢ The Writers make mention, Lib. ¢, cap. t.
Deftr pti of Atlat,
“ that Atlas rifes out of the middle of siveSands,with a Shrubby and Bufhy top
“ towards the Sky, on the Shore of the Ocean to which he gives his Denomi-
“nation ; That it is full of Woods, and water’d by feveral Fountains on that
« fide towards Africa, by which means it bears all manner of Fruit. In the
“‘ Day-time none of the Inhabitants appear, all things being in filence, as in
“< the middle of a Defart ; the Approacher is ftruck with fudden amazement.
“ And befides its exceffive high Crown, reaching above the Clouds,and neigh:
** boring, as they fay, the Circle of the Moon, appears in the Night ds if it
“< were allin a Flame, refounding far and near with Pipes, Trumpets,and Cym-
*‘bals ; and the Journey up thither, very long and dangerous.
I cannot underftand that Pliny can mean Ameried by this; becatife himfelf, in
the
 AMERICA Chap.IL.
the firft Divifion of his Fifth Book, makes his beginning with the Defcripti-
on of Africa: And asto what further concerns the ftrange Relation and dan-
ger thereof, isa little before related in Hanno’s Voyage ; and it is but a flight
Argument to prove it America, becaufe ic feems to refound with thofe forts of
Inftruments which the Americans were obferv’d to ufe when difcover’d.
Lib, ,cap. 4, Pomponins Mela being the third, hath no greater Arguments than the former. .
Strange Men, “¢ We hear ({ays he) that utmoft People towards the Weft, beistg the Atlanticans,
“are rather half Beafts than Men, cloven-footed, without Heads, their Faces
‘¢ upon their Breafts, and naked, with one great Foot, like Satyrs or Goblins,
‘‘ which range up and down, without any Artificial Shelters or Houfes.
Lib. 3-cap. 18,
Laftly, lian feems to fay fomething, when he fets down the Difcourfe be-
Difcourfe between A4G-
das and Silenus- concerning
tween Midas and Silenus, out of Theopompus, where Silenus relates, ‘‘ That Bu
the Unknown World, “ rope, Afia, and Lybia are Iflands; and thata vaft Countreyslyes beyond this
‘his tripple-divided World, mighty Populous, and abounding with all other
*¢ Living Creatures, as big again as ours, and living twice as long : That they
‘are. wondrous rich , their Religions, Laws, and Cuftoms, founded upon
© another Morality and Reafon, quite different from ours. They boaft efpe-
“cially of two great Cities, Machimus and Eu/ebes , the Inhabitants of the farft
‘¢ maintaining themfelves by driving altogether a Trade of War, muftering
‘Cup, and filling their numerous Regiments with feveral valiant Nations. The
6 Tuifted Citizens amount in their -Mufter-Rolls, all bred to Soldiery, to two
«Millions, of whom few but {corn either dying bravely by Wounds receiv’d
‘with Flinteedg’d Laths, and Staves, in ftead of Spears, pointed with Stones,
“not knowing the ufe of Iron or Steel, but fo over-ftock’d with Gold and
“ Silver; that they account ic a Drug of lefs Value than our bafeft Metal.
“ Some Years fince they march’d into our World, a hundred thoufand ftrong,
‘*as far as the Ayperborean Mountains, where being inform/d, that all the Na-
“tions of our World, compar’d with them, liv’d in a poor and defpicable
“condition ; asnot thinking them worth their Conqueft, they return'd. But:
« the fecond City Eufebes, deals altogether in Peace, and its Citizens are not ra-
« pacious, but exercife Juftice, fo much affecting Morality and Divine Wor-
“ fhip, that they conquer Heaven by their Piety and Meeknefs y and the Gods
‘¢ themfelves are pleas'd to defcend, and advife with them concerning their
“ Celeftial Affairs. ‘
Who obferves not this to bea Poetical Relation, fhewing how much better
the Acquirements of Peace are, than thofe of War ; the one conquering only
Men, the other, the Gods ? Nor can more be taken out of 4lian’s Diflcourfe,
but that the Ancients believ’d there was another Habitable World to be ‘our
Antipodes. | 4G
Thus far hath been difputed concerning the Original of the Americans whofe
Plantations from Tyre or Carthage by Sea, are found altogether invalid: Yet
~
_ _ Inquiries whether the
Confliturions of the Phe-
we will fearch a little further, to fee whether the People Analogize, either in
,
Micians agree with the 4-
mMmericans.
their Religion, Policy, Occonomy, or Cuftoms, =
It is certain, that the ancient Phenicians liv'din Tents, and fometimes ex.
chang’d eaten-up Paftures for frefh, which the Americans to this day obferve ;
by which it might-appear, that they are of a Phenician Extract. But why not
as well deriv’d from Numidia, Tartary, or the ancient Patriarchs, who alldiv’d
fach an unferel’d wandering Life ¢ Befides,the Phenicians had a long time given
over Paftoral Bufinels, for Maritime Affairs of greater confequence; not only
Merchandizing through all the World, but fending great Colonies in Ships to
. new
'
 Chap. Il. AMERICA. 23
new Plantations: And moreover,the Americans could not fo ftrangely degenes
rate from their Anceftors, but would have built great Cities like them; of
‘which many were found in Phenicia, but none of Antiquity in America.
As'to their Religion, if it agreed with the Phenicians, it was the fame that all ©4, atts soln their Reali
the World profefs’ dat that time, and therefore may as well be extracted from &™
_any other, as them: "Tis true, we find them inclind to Sorcery, and dealing -
with Evil Spirits, as the Pianiciets, in which they were not only guilty, but all
other Nations at that time.
Nay,why not as well cranfported out of Afia or Exrope,where were formerly TheKnown World for
many the like Tamperers,and thofe that dealt in fuch Diabolical Sciences? And icc tae ra a
why not from Salmantica, where, as Lauréntins Ananias relates, Magick-Arts De xa, Deman.1.3.
were publickly taught, and they commenc’d Doctors, and took their Degrees
according to their Learning 2The Devil alfo hath puiblick Worfhip smongft
the Americans, and fo he had with the Phenicians: yet not only they, but elie
whole World had dedicated Temples to him. -Here began Humane and Infets twa». 1b.6.
nal Sacrifices, fuppofing that Evil Spirits were delighted, and fo feafted with
the Steam of Humane Offerings, whofe {weetnefs made them milder, and fo
intoxicating, lull’d them. into lefs mifchief.
How famous is Zoroa/ter, and the whole School of the Eaftern Magicians ? us’dDevi-worhip formerly
in all the World, and
In Mo/fes’s time this Wickednefs had already took place: Nor can it be deny’d oedeca,
but that the Phenicians carry’d their Idols in their Ships, as Herodotus teftifies,- t2olsin ships.
faying , *¢ The'Image of Vulcan much refembles the Phenicians Patacoiwi, which
*« they plac’d on the Fore-caftle of their Ships.
In likegimanner, the Americans when they go to Sea, carry their Idols with
them ; and the Ships took Name from the Image, which was either painted
or carv'd on the Stern, or plac’d ellewhere upon the Deck.
The fame Cuftom the Chinefes obferve to this prefent : Francis Xaverius re-
lates, «< That he fail’d in a Chinefe Veflel from God to Japan, which bore an
46 Idol in
; its Stern, before which the Mafter lighted Candles, perfum’d it
«< with Aloe-wood, and offer’d Birds and other Food , inquiring of it the
‘¢ Event of his Voyage. Sometimes he judg’d from the Statues immovable
‘¢ Looks, that it would fall out fuccefsfully , and other times, not.
Laftly, Porphyrius relates, ‘* That the Phenicians upon any gteat Exigency, as Pea/amt Ainimallr}
“War, exceflive Heat, or Mortal Diftempers, by order felédted one of the
“¢ moft comely and beautiful of their Children, to be offer’d upto Saturn. And
Eufebius faith alfo out of Porphyrins, “That Saturn, whom the Phenicians call Prepar. Boang libs!
“ Hrael, the Learned Vojsins and Hugo Grotius read Il, or El (one of the ten
“*'Names of God in Hebrew) which they alfo give to the Planet Saturn, who
““ when he Reign’d in Phenicia, having one only Son born by the Nymph Av0-
*< bret, and was in danger to lofe his Kingdom, being worfted in an unlucky
“* War, he drefs'd him in Royal Robes, and placing him on an Altar built for
‘¢ that purpole, facrific’d him with hisown Hands.
And although fuch like cruel Oblationsare us'd in America, mutt it therefore , Men and Children ued
follow, that they are deriv’d from the Phenicians, when feveral other People are dented oe
guilty of.thefame ? Nay, there is {carce one Countrey, which hath not at
fome time or other perform’d {uch inhumane Aéts, feeming to them Zeal in
their Religion; for the moft eminent of the Heathens fcrupled mor at it, Which
certainly are held to be the Perfians, Greeks, and Romans ;and yet they were not
abhorr’d, though committing Humane Slanghters.
This holy Butchery and Religious Slaughter of Mankind began in Rome in
the
 AMERICA. _ Chap. IT.
the Emperor Adrian’s Reign, fo continuing till the time of Tertullian, Laétanti-
us, and Enfebius. The Greeks which inhabited the utmoft part of Italy, em-
ploy’d themfelves daily in Sacrificing Strangers to Saturn, and fometimes one
Who forbade the facrifi-
cing of Men,
another. But at laft this formal Cruelty became a ridiculous Cuftom ; for the
Romans by fevere Ediéts ftriétly forbad all fuch Humane Offerings: Yer that
they
might retain fome.memory of their former Sacrifices, they order’d thirty Ima-
ges to be made of Rufhes, which every year on the fifteenth of April, were by
the Roman Priefts and Veftal Nuns, to be thrown from the Milyian Bridge into
the Tyber.
Lib, de Superfiit. Moreover, Manethon relates, ‘‘ That the Egyptians in Heliopolis us’d to offer
three Men at once to Juno, which Cuftom was obferv’d till King Amafis or
der’d, That in ftead of Men,they fhould ferve her with Wax Candles. ;
Amefirs, Queen to the famous erxes, caus’d twelve Men to be burn’d alive,
as an Oblation, to pacifie and oblige Pluto to maintain them, in their prefen
t
Grandeur.
Rer, Perfic, 1. 1. - Procopius relates of the People about the Arabian Gulph, “ That they
often-
“ times Sacrific’d Mento the Sun.
Lib.3. fel. 8 Geogr. “¢ The Indians, faith Pomponius Mela, kill their neareft Relations and Parents,
“before they decay by Sicknefs or Age, and judg’d it fit and moft Religi
ous to
“ Feaftand Banquet themfelves with the Entrails of the flain.
Eb. tl, Geog,
The Albanians , as Strabo relates, offer yearly one of their Priefts to
the
Moon.
The fame Mela relates of the Tauri, That they us’d'to cut the Throats of
Strangers, whenever they came near to the Place of their Sacrifice.
|
The Egyptian Idol Typhon, asyou may read in Manethon, was daily made reds
hot, and living People put in, and broyl’d to death. |
But to pafs by feveral other People guilty of fuch bloody Idolatry,
How
did the Altars erected in the Woods in Gaul and Germany, for Taran, He/us, Tens
tates, and Woden, continually f{moke with the Blood of Humane Expiat
ions ?
Bell. Gall Comm, Of which Céfar faith thus in his Commentaries 5“* The Gauls area very Devou
t
“and Superftitious Nation ; and therefore when any were danger
oufly fick,
“or likely to be worfted in Battel, they vow’'d to feaft their
Gods that fav’d
“‘them with Humane Flefh, and if need were, would make
themfelves a
“ thankful Sacrifice to thofe that help’d them off in fuch an Exigen
ce. Con-
_ “cerning thefe bloody Rites, they confulted and imploy’d the
Druydes, by
“ whofe advice they all believ’d that no Vigim was fo acceptable to
the Nu-
“ mens, as pour’d-out Humane Blood, but efpecially that of
Malefadtors ,
“which Dainty if they could not.procure, their Gods muft be treate
d with
“ the Lives of the Innocent. |
2 Reg.3.V.86927- Laftly the Holy Scri pture faith thus, When the King of Moab [aw that the Battel
was too fore for him, he took with him Jeven hundred Men that drew Swords, to break
through even to the King of Edom ; but they could not. Then he took his eldeft Son, that
fhould have reigned in his ftead, and offered him for a Burnt-offering on the Wall.
Thefe Teftimonies are fufficient Witneffes, That the Ancient Heathe
ns exe
prefs'd the height of their Devotion, and fury of mad Zeal, in fuch execrable
Rites, as to this day the like is pra@ifed by the Indians, Chinefes, Fapanners, and
others: Wherefore it can no ways be a fufficient ground to prove, that the
Americans are deriv’d from the Phenicians, becaufe of their Humane
Sacrifices,
_ for that they were ufual Cuftoms in all Places.

The
 Chap. I. A MERIC A. 25
Thethird Proof they offer us, is borrow’d from the fimilitude and likenefs . Third teftimony, That
the Americans are deriv’d
of the Phenician and American Languages : Comteus {ets down fome Words, viz, from the Phenicians , be-
caufe their Language agrees
che Phenicians call’d a Mountain, Abila,; Blood, Edom ; a Mother, Anech a)
- Maid, Hellotia , Water, Heni, and Jam: With the firft agrees the American Anth-
la; with the fecond, Holedonch; with the third, Anam; withthe fourth, Hel-
lotie; with the fifth, Ame, and Jame. “But thofe that will thus corrupt the Is contradiéed,

Words, may as well make the unfeemlieft Comparifons. At is certain, that the
Phenicians and fome of the Americans call a Cup Afur, and Red Wine, Belafa ,
Bat does it therefore follow by this, that the one is extracted from the other 2
How many Names do fignific all one, amongft People that never had any
Converfation together ?This proceeds only from meer accident; Or elfe if
forne Words of one, found like the fame Words us‘d in a remote Countrey,
and be of onefignification, muft they therefore be deriv’d from one another ?
Then upon neceflicy the Greeks, Latins, and Germans had their Original from the
Hebrews, or the Latins from the Greeks, ox the Germans from the Latins, or the
Perfians from the Germans ; or, on the contrary, the laft owe their Extra& to
. thefirfts I willas a Teftimony, and to give youa Pattern, pick out a few
from a greater number.
How little differenceis there in many Words between the Greek and Greck and Hebrew agree
Hebrew 2 The Hebrews call a Church-Congregation Sanhedrim ,gthe Greeks
Swidesov ; the Greeks for I advife, ule redo, the other MQ ; the Hebrews call
Wife-men Zophei, the other Ségo,: And lefs difference there is between Sympho-
nah and Sungoryia, A well-fet Leffon; ox Pfanterin and ¥axtéesovy A Spiritual Hymn:
And who alfo will not find a near refemblance in the confonating of divers , Alfo the Mebrew and La
Latin and Hebrew Words? For there is little difference betwixt Mefurah and
in.

Menfura, a Meafure ; Shekar and Saccarus, a [weet Moifture; Levya and Leena, a
Lione/s, Sabbeca and Sambuca, a Chopping-board, Pefa and Paffus, a Pace:
Then ftarting over the Greek and Latin, the Teutonicks would likewife pros Likewife the” Teutonick,

duce many Words which have the fame found and fignification with the He- the great Language of Ger-
many, Britain, the Low-
Conmntreys, and other Nor-
brew;as Chobel,a (able ; Ethmol and Etmael, Watching ; Sothim and Sotten, Fools s the thern Nations,

Edebrew Arets,is in Dutch,Aerde, or as we in Englifh,Ear’d Lands ; Phert and Peert, a

Forfe ; Levyah and Leenw,a Lion ; Shad and Schadea,Damages , Kiffe and Kuffen,in
our Dialect the very fame, Kiffe ; Shaken and Schenken, a giving, whence we derive
our Englifh Skinker, from ferving of Drink, Bel and Beeld, an Image ; for Bel
properly fignifies Lord, perhaps becaufe the Images of Heroes or Lords were
worfhipp‘d by them, or elfe becaufe Ninus firft ereéted an Image for his Fa-
ther. Belus, or Bel,to be worfhipp’d. ) .
It would makea large Volume it felf, to reckon up the Confonancies of
the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, and their fcatterings among all Languages where
ever their Empire fptead, the one being indeed borrow’d from the other, as
all Languages that deal Orshave any converfe together: For not only the
Words, with fome {mall Alterations of Letters, fignifie the fame in both Lan-
guages ; but alfo without the leaft alteration. Both Greeks and Latins expre(s Greek and Latig T ongucs

Ido, by Ago; the Number Eight, by Of; an Arm, by Brachium or Brachion, in pree
7
Abrah. Miliiy Lise, Belz,
Englifh, Branches, and Braces; I cat, by Edo; a Cup, by Phiale ;. a Curtain, by Cor- Cc. 5> 6, 7? I Ly

tina, ot (ortine ; Merry, by Hilaris, or Elilaros ; a ratling Noife or Sound, by Clango,

a Camel, by Camelus, or Camelos ; a Knee, by Genu, or Gonu ; a Bowl or Chalice, by
Calix; 4 Moufe, by Mus ; Deceit, by Dolus, or Dolos; a Houfe; by Domus, or Do-
mos; Icarry, by Fero, or Phero; the Pronoun I, Ego; a Lion, by Leo, or Ato «
Flax, by Linum, or Linon ; 4 Mother; by Mater, or Meter ,now, by nunc, or nun,
, the
 YMERIO“ ~. Chapt
by Scomma, or
the Night, by Nox, or Nux; a Rock-ftoney by Petra, a Nickname,
srus, or Thefauros;
Skomma; a Boat, by Scapha, or Skaphe ; a Treafure, by Thefa
the Evening, by Vespe-
Father, by Pater ; I tremble, by Tremo, an Hour, by Hora;
one fignifi
ra, or Hefpera; andan innumerable many Words more, that are of
|
cation in both.
found betweett
Phenician ‘and American
Now if there is not the hundredth part of the refemblance ,
cian Tongues, as there is between the Hebrew, Greek, Latin
Toagues have no fimulitude
the American and Pheni
, which notwithftanding
and Dutch, according to the foremention’d Examples
mony can there
cannot be obferv’d to be deriv’d from one another, what tefti
do not differ ?
be in five or fix Words, which only have a few Letters that
Tongues could
Americans much divided But fuppofe that the agreeing of the Phenician and American
nal from the firft,
ferve for a teftimony, that thefe jaft People had theif Origi
in >peech aud Pople.

owledge
then there remains another doubt, viz. To know what Americans ackn
that it may
the Phenicians for their Fathers ;°becaufe their Countrey 1s fo big,
the Known
almoft ftand in competition with all the other three parts of
only in their vae
World, being divided by fo many Nations, which differ not
them not having .
rious Cuftoms, but alfo in their feveral Languages, moft of
s of one
the leaft likenefS one with another: Nay, often times the Inhabitant
Petrusde Cieca, the one
Province differ fo much in Diale&, that, according to
cannot un@erftand the other. i
concerning the
E Tn America one Tongue Fobn de Lact-obferves out of Peter Martyr, ind other Writers
s {poken among
WeSt -Indies, That there are feveral Languages and ftrange Word
is pot atall like che other.

Sionta, the Mexicans,

the divers Inhabitants of America,for the Hiurones call a Head
Brafiltans, Acanga ;
Tzontecontli, the Inhabitants of New-Netherland, Anonfi; the
es tell thus,
the Jaos; Boppe: the Figures One, Two, Three, and Four, the Huron
;the Sankikanders,
Efcate, Teni, Flachin, Dac ; the Mexicans, Ce, Ome, Yei, Nabuy
di , the Jaos,
Cotte, Nyffe, Nacha, Wyve ; the Brafilians, Oyepe, Mocoy, Mocapir, Oirun
land, Onfat, Tiggani,
Tewyn, Tage, Terrewaw, Tagyne , the Natives of New-Nether
ans, Tathli;
Affe, Cayere. Moreover the Edurones call a Father Ay/tan ; the Mexic
And foiit
the Canadenfers, Notaovi; in New-Netherland, Ragina;, in Brafile, Tuba:
with the
is generally with all other Words, which agree not in the leaft one
but in many
other; fo that every Territory hath not only a feveral Dialect,
ing in
Places they ufe befides two, three, or more diftingt Speeches, not relat
le inhabiting
the leaft one to another, in one Province, by which the Peop
Towns and Villages are diftinguifh’d. The Iflanders difcover’d by the Spanis
r fets
ards, and deftroy’d, have left few Words behind them ;-yet Peter Marty
call'd
down fome of them; which were formerly us’d in Hifpaniola: They
It is worthy
Heaven Tures; a Houle, Boa ; Gold, Cauni; agood Man, Tayno.
what is {po-
De Lath Orig Amer.obf.5» of obfervation, that they pronounce no HZ in their Language, buy
gut-
ken with a Vowel, and then give it a ftrong Afpiration, like the’warbling
tural Y Ghain of the Hebrews. .
, Curfed be
Gen. 9 v. 153 265 27- Our laft and chiefeft Teftimony is Mofes, who fays thus in Genefis
Canaan, a Servant of Servants fhall be be unto his Brethren. Moreover he fcid, Bleffed
fhall inlarge Ja-
be the Lord God of Shem, and Canaan fhall be bis Servant : God
, fhall be hisServant.. And
phet, and he fhall dwell in the Tents of Shem , and Canaan
n’d as.a
in the next Chapter, (anaan begat Sidon. “Thefe Scriptures are explai
ground on
Teftimony of the Americans Extract from the Phenicians, which they
Gen. 10, U. 15.

Laft Teftimonies of the

Sidon,
thefe following Reafons : The Phenicians are (anaan’s-Succeflors from.
Americans Bxtra& fromthe
Phenjctans,
Tents
who gave name to their chief City. Tubal the Ilue of Japhet, whofe
God promis’d to enlarge, and that Canaan fhould be his Servant, planted Spain.
7 The
 Chap. Il. AMERICA a7
The Phenicians, defcendants from Sydon, (fay they) Peopled America ; the Spani-
ards {prung from Tubal, of Japhet, have fubjected the Americans, defcended from
Sydon, of Canaan, wherein is fulfill’d that Prophecy of Mofes, That Canaan
fhould be Servant to Japhet; but it feems a great miftake, fo to derive the Pheni- Is contradi&ed:

cians from Canaan, for they are Extraéted from Shem, Heber, Abraham, and Efau, Franc. Burmax, in Gen.
25. 30.
firnam’d Edom, from his faying, Adom, Adom, when he ask’d of Jacob, That Red,
That Red, becaufe he knew not how to call the prepared Pottage by its proper
Name ; And Edom fetling himfelf on Mount Seir, a part of the Stony Arabia,
Phenicians deriv’d from
and on the Coaft of the Red-Sea, gave denomination to it, becaufe that Sea Efau.

was much frequented and Navigated by his Succeffors. . The Greeks call it Erys
threum, from Erythros ,who is the fame with Efau, and likewife fignifies Red.
Fleretoisadded, That Phenix and Erythros have the fame fignification in the
Greek ;So then, thefe Idumeans taking the name of 'Phenicians, from the great Phe-
nix, {pread themfelves far and near under mighty Kings, by Navigation in the
Red-Sea, and from thence Planted feveral Coafts and Iflands, removing at laft
to Syria.
The feventh King of Edom, Mofesreckoneth to be Baal-banan, which name, Gen, 36. 39.
by tranfpofing the Syllables, the famous Carthaginian General Hannibal bare.
- Moreover, it may eafily be demonftrated, that the Phenicians Extracted from
Fieber, have formerly {poke Hebrew , and fince Arabick; for they dwelt before
their removing, in the Stony-Arabia. St. Jerom faith, the Punick Tongue agrees Com. in Jer. 1.4. ¢.292
for the moft part with the Hebrew : And St. Aujftintells us, that many, nay, moft Tn PL. 136. Voff Orig, Idol.
Ltsc¢. 31,
of the (arthaginian words are Hebrew. Elifa, Dido, the firft Foundre(s of Carthage Punick Tongue,

proves this, for Elifa or Eliffab, with the Hebrews, denotes A Lamb of my God’; Hebrew,

and Dido, A Lover. But,who can find the leaft likenefs, between the Hebrew ot
Arabick ‘Tongue with the Americans > Laftly , Since the Phenicians acknowledge
Bfau for a Father, what then concerns the Americans , the curfe of Canaan; fince
they are no more Extraéted from Canaan, than the Phenicians 2.Thus much con-
cerning ‘the Phenicians.
Some would derive the Americans from the Jews; others , from the ten If the Americans were de-
riv’d from'the Jews, or the
. Tribes of Ifrael, carry’d into captivity. The ground of »which ‘Opinions is, ten Tribes of Ifrael,

That the Jews and Ifraelites were {catter’d amongft all Nations; therefore they
conclude, that America was alfo Peopled by them, the rather, becaufe the an:
tient Jews and: Americans were of one Complexion , and went a like Habited,
both going without Shooes, onely wearing Sandals, andian upper Coat ovet
a fhorter Linnen Vet. : Both are humble, quick of apprehenfion, and obliging,
yet Valiant: But it is certain, they cannot be like the Jews, -becaule the Ameri- Is contradicted
cans change theit Habit, according as they live in cold or hot Countreys, and
go not in the léaft like one another.
~ Father Immanuel relates, That he faw.a Brafilian, not onely ftoutly make his
party good againft thttePortueal Soldiers, but had it not been by meer chance,
worfted them. | 7 | |
‘Laftly, ‘What Ceremonies of Religious Rites are obferv’d by the Americant,
which are ufed in Fudaifm? The Jews indeed have tran{planted their Circums-
cifion amongft divers Eaftern People, and have they onely forgot the firft Ce-
zemony and fignal Badge of their Religionin America, which yet nov on by
they, but thofe Mabumetans and other Segtaries pun&ually obfervee [ osri
This makes evident their fcatterings about the Face of the Earth, but wil
not bring them»to reach America. The'Sacred Text fets forth a two-foldde- - Fem;
- diftribution,

feription of the Jews ; The one before the Birth of our Saviour, -when they
. E-4 liv’d
 28 AMERICA. ) Chap. IL.
1 Pet. 1.41
Staliger in Motes ad N, T.
liv’d as ftrangers in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Afia, and Bythinia. Jernfalem was
their Metropolis, alshouigh others had their chief refidence in Babylon, and Alexe
andvia; for there was an Afiatickh and a European difperfion; thole of fia had
Babylon for their chief City, and us’d in their Synagogues the Chaldean Tranfla-
tion of the Bible. The Exropeans kept theit Seat at Alexandrid, where they had
a Temple like that of Jerufalem; and whilft they employ’d themfelves:in the
Greek Verfion of the Holy Scripture , by the feventy two Interpreters, under
Ptolomeus Philadelphus , they were call’d Wandering Greeks : Therefore , certainly
the Americans are not deriv’d from thefle Jews, and with as little reafon from
thofe, which by Titus Vefpafian, after the deftrudtion of Jerufalem were driven in-
to feveral Countreys, for they were never permitted (that I may borrow the
L.de Tdolo. viaenitate, words of St. Cyprian) to fet forward one ftep, though buras Pilgrims, towards
their Native Countrey, but ftriatly forbidden not to affemble or meet toge-
ther in any confiderable number, which would have been neceflary, if they in-
tended to Plantanew World. ,
A {mall feeming Teftimony is added , being taken out of the fourth Book
2 Reg. 17. 5, of Efdras, that the ten ‘Tribes of Ifraelthat were carry’d away by Salmanaffar
with their King Hofea to Nabalah, labor, the River Gozan, and the Cities of the
Medes, might be acknowledged for the firft Planters of America Concerning
4 Efd. 13. 403 413 429435 ae Efdras faith thus, The ten Tribes brought over into another Countrey, confulted
44) 45245.
that they fhould forfake the multitude of the Heathens, and travel to.a remoter Countrey,
where no Generation of Mankind had ever liv’d before, there they would maintain their
Laws, which they had not obfery'd in their Countrey > Whereupon they went thither thorow -
the narrow entrances of the River Euphrates, forthe Almighty ftopt the Vains of the Ri-
ver, till they were past over ;for thorow the Countrey was a Way,of a year and balfs Fourney:
phitefore that ‘Tract of pileis call’d Affareth, ‘then they liv’d there till the last time.
But fince thefe Books of B/dras were not Written by a Prophet, either in the
Hebrew Tongue , or allow’d by the Jews to be the Word of God, or any where
taken notice of in the New Te/tament ;wherefore then is calmsmore America
than any other remoter Countrey ?
L.5.in Exch, & |, 6. in
Ferom.
St. Hierom (who certainly had a peculiar knowledge of the condition of the
ten Tribes of Irael , becaufe he liv’d in Afia, and held Correfpondence with
the Jews, that he might perfectly learn the Hebrew Tongue,) relates, ‘* That
“ the ren Tribes (St. Hierome liv’d about the Year four hundred, under the Em-
“© peror Theodofius) underwent great flavery in the Cities of Medes and Perfians,
fo that this ftrange Voyage to Affareth, which muft have happen’d long before
St. Hierom’s time, may be Recorded amongft the other Legends of the
Rabbies, concerning their Behemoth and Leyiathan, who lock’d up the Souls of
4 Ef1.6.49,§0. & 14. 21°
& 4.41.
thofe that fleighted their Laws, in Caves under ground, as B/dras... Bie
Antient condition of the
Perfians.
And how little opportunity the Ifraelites had to remove fince:his time, may
appear by the horrible Deftruction that was made for feveral Ages ropcehiin
Perfiaand Media , for although the Perfians became Matters again of the Realm,
Conquer’d by yey oe the Great, whilft Alexander's Suceenots invaded one
another, yet they were continually jin War, either againft the Romans, or elfe
the Indians, and other Eaftern People; nay, the Saracens wrefted the Scepter
out oftheir hand, though but for a {mall time; for foon after, breaking-out
into Fagtions amongft themfelves , Muchumet Subittigenes, Imbrael’s Son, efta-
Melchior Soiterns de Reb. blifh’d his Throne on their Ruimes, and incourag’d by fuch fuccefs; Arm’d
6.
himfelf againft the Indians, and madeufe of the Turks affiftance, with which -
he fybdu’d the Babylonian Arabians= After apriels the Turks, not without great
flaughter -
 Chap: IT. ' AMERICA. 29
{laughter fet the Perfian Crown on their Head, which. immediately totter’d by
bloudy Commotions ; for Tangrolipix being King of Perjia, clafhing with his
Brother (utlumufes , made Perfia {wim in the Blood ofa Civil-War, till at laft
Zengis (han brought from Tartary fo great an Army, Anno 1200. that none durft
ftay to make oppofition; for the Turks forfook Perfia after a Conquelt of fix
Ages, and made their own way for new Quarters into Carmania, Phrygia, and
Bithynia, whence they made fuch incurfions on the Greek Empire, that at laft
they became fole Mafters thereof.. Who cannot but eafily judge by this, how
little opportunity the ten Tribes had, to be afflembled together from remote
Countreys, andto go long Journeys through untrack’d ways, and full of Ene-
mies, to travel to America ¢ cs.
Mora’s, opinion concern-
Immanuel de Moraes, who had gotten peculiar knowledge of the Americans by ing the Americans Extract.
his long Converfation with them, judgeth that they.are not deriv’d from one
People, but fromthe (arthagmians and Jews, and that at feveral times, and pla-
ces, they Landed in this New World; for the Carthaginians Sailing thither,
found the Soyl fo fertile, that many forfook their Native Countrey to dwell
there : Whereupon, it was forbidden upon pain of Death, to fend no more
thither, leftif Carthage fhould be invaded by a foraign Enemy, it fhould want
People fora Home-defence: From this occafionit-happen’d, that thofe that
were already Tranfported, became rude, and of a Salvage Dilpofition, and
s manner,
in-a ranging
{preading their Families, planted the defolate Countrey
without acknowledging any Supteme HeadorGovernor. |
Thus being {catter’'d up and down, every one ‘invented to himfelf a new
Language, which fhould neither agree with the Carthaginians, or any other :
But this Opinion is before at large contradicted. ye
Moreover, Moraes endeavors to fhew;. that the Brajilians are of a Hebrew Exe onsCuftoms and Conftituti-
of the Brafilians are fe-
tract, becaufe that according to the example of the Jews, they might not Mar- veral, =

ry, but intheir.own Tribes; they alfo call their Unkles, Fathers, and their
Aunts, Mothers ;Hoth mourn for the Dead a Moneth together, and wear long
Garments down to,their Ankles.» But thefe Arguments feem to us of {mall
confequence; for indeed the Brajilians differ in their Marriages from the Jews,
for they not onely Marry in their own Tribes, but frequently commix with
their Sifters, and Daughters, or other their neareft Relations. Moreover, the
Jews call’d them Fathers, from whofe Loyns they {prang many Ages before, as
well as their Unkles, which the Americansdo not. |
The Mourning for the Dead hath been an old Cuftom, and is not obferv’d
—*

* by many People, but the time of'a Moneth was not ferled amongft them, but
was obfery’d after a more unufual manner, feventy days, as in the Fields of
Moab for Mofes , and elfewhere for the Patriarch Jacob. Laftly, all people
- know, that the Romans and Perfians girt themfelves about with long Clothes.
Befides, the ews were ftriGly bound to obferve Circumcifion,, without which
they were not accountéd Jews, which the Brajilians ufe not, as neither their
Language or Letters. How is it poffible, that in America they fhould at once
have forgotten their Extraa&, Laws, Circumcifion, Language, and other Ce-
. remonies, .when the reft of them obferv’d nothing more ftrictly in all parts of
_the:Barth?) .5 a | ee
The Learned Hugo Grotius, inthis Enquiry aftéf the origitial of the Americans,
Grotinsis of opinjofi that
the Americans belong'd to
~ brings them with*many Circumftances to belong to Panama, fituate oppofite to Norway. :

~ the Northern Parts of Norway,becaufe fomething of their Languages agreés,and

the Way thither eafie and neareft to bé found: for farft they travell’d from Nors
WA)
 AMERICA. ‘Chap. II.
way to Yfland, over which the Norwegians Rul’d above athoufand years fince; fo
from Y/land through Friezland to Gsiilald:, and from hence to Eftotiland, being
a part of the Main Continent of America.
Ftom Friezland fome Fifhers went thither (as he fays) two Gentazies be
This Opinion is larroely
contradifted.
fore the Spaniards touch’d that Shore ;which John de Laet contradiés. And in-
deed what Reafons can be given, Why the Americans of the Straights, between .
Panama and Nombre de Dios,lying Northerly, fhould have another original than
thofe that live to the South, feeing the fame Straights are neither diyided by
Mountains nor Rivers ; and the Spaniards found no alteration in the Cuftoms
and Languages betwixt them that liv’d above or below thefe Straights. And
who will believe that Norway, which was but indifferently peopled, could af-
ford fuch numerous Colonies as could plant the Northern’ America, which far
exceeds the South, and chiefly, when the great Iflands that lie near the Eaft
and Weft, are added to it ?Moreover it is certain, (if the Yflander Angrim onus
isto be credited) that fome Families fled out of Norway from their enraged
King to Yfland in the Year 874. which at that time was but meanly inhabited.
aac
Danicis.
Pontanus de Reb,
Forty years before, Lewis the Juft putthe Yflanders under the protection of
Pope Gregory the fourth, who gave the Government of the Y/land Church to
Anfear Archbifhop of Hamburgh. But how comes it that there 1s not the leaft
{park of Chriftianity found amongft the Northern Americens, if they aré deriv’ d
from the Yfland Chriftians ? and why did the Y/landers remove, to colder Coun-
treys than Groenland and Frieland, or theit own native Soil, and for the moft
part not inhabited ?
Concerning Groenland and Friexland, it is. known by our Englifh Navigators,
that they are joyn’d together, and both to the Northern America; but not with+
out vaft Bays and Inlets, which betwixt Groenland and umeiiad are obftructed
with floating Caftles of Ice ; fo that the Paflage is very dangerous. ‘And full
as troublefom, if not aleogethet impoflible, would the Journey be -by Land;
becaufe the Earth lies fo thick ¢over’d with Ice and Snow, ofpsiaely ae Val.
leys, that no Traveller isable to get through.
The Voyage of two Ze-
0's, - Moreover, that which Grotins {ays farther of the Fifhers which Gen difte-
verd Eptoiiland,; is grounded on the Relation of the Venetian Knights, Nicholiss
and Marcus Zeno, two Brothers. Anno 1380. Nicholas Zeno fufter’d Shipwrack
on the Friezland Coaft ;Marcus inform’d thereof, feer’d his Courfe thither :
fourteen years they fpent before they came to Bffotiland: at laft they return -d
again to Friezland, where Nicholas died : But Marcus returning-home publith’d
Relatio Mare. Zennis’ his Fournal ;whereitihe relates, That Effotiland is above a thoufand Leagues
diftant from Friezland, and was difcover'd by Friezland Fifher-men that were
driven thither by Storm. But he hath fet down many things that have little
refernblance of truth,according to what is fince found by credible eer en Ste
and therefore we cannot depend on Zeno’s Difcovery.
The Ameriecan Tongue
is nothing like the Mor-
John de Lact accounts it a great miftake in Grotius, that as a ecftimersy of the
wegian.
Americans original out of Norway, he compares their Languages. He reckons
up fome Placesto be Notthward of Panama, which end their words owith the
fyllable Lan in ftead of Land, becaufe the Spaniards have left out ‘the Letter D
‘attheend thereof. Itiscertain, that in the Northern America lie Cimathen!
(vatlan, Guefcolan, Artlan , Quaxutatlan, Teatlan, Iapatlan, Cinacatlan, Tenachitlan
(omitlan, Metzitlan, Guatitlan, Necotitlan, Curcatatlan. Befides, that moftof thefe -
Names are not of Countreys, but of Towns and Villages, and therefore ho
ways fitting to have the termination of Land: and it is well known that mas ,
~ ny
Chap. JI. AMERIC YL.
ny American words end with Lan, which fignifie nothing lefs than Land: for
the Mexicans fay Puertatitlan, which fignifies At the Gate below ; Ochachitlantzitlan, |
Yet lower ;.Tenoxtitlan, (this City is alfo call’d from her Founder Mexis, Mexico)
that is, Refts on a Rock. Moreover, it may not without reafon feem ftrange to
any, thatthe Northern Americans have remembred but three Cities out of all
the Teutonick Tongue, viz. Lan in ftead Land. | |
Concerning Groenland, through which the Norwegians are thought to have | Sirnlad when difto
travell’d to America, Lyfander witnefleth, That it was accidentally difcover’d serm.
3.antig. Daxic:
by one Eric Rander, Anno 987. and planted thirteen years after.
Olaus, King of Norway, plac’d two Bifhops over the new Inhabitants, as Sub-
ftitutes to the Archbifhop of Dronthen. For four Ages they Sail’d frequently to
Groenland', but fince their King was impoverifh’d by War, they left off that
Trade.
We find not in any Author, that the Norwegians which liv’d along the Sea+
fhore, ever went to feek a2 Way over the inacceflible Snowy Mountains of
Groenland, to this our New World.
Befides, Grotius ftands for the Norwegians as Planters, upon teftimony of the
Mexicans themfelves, who told the Spaniards, That their Anceftors which plant-
ed there came from the North, firft fetling themfelves on Effotiland, where to
this day there are not improbable proofs by feveral remarks, that they were a
Norwegian Colony. eo
In the American City Norumbega, live a People that fpeak the fame Language, Migpen ppeeboor ia
and obferve the fame Cuftoms with the Mexicans. America, |
In this by-Corner are found alfo fome Alavards, or Longobards, or Lombards,
as they fay. Now the Spaniards call that New Mexico becaufe laft difcover'd,
though indeed the old, cramm’d with People eight hundred years fince: for
the Mexicans of New Mexico do not lie fo far Northerly, as to the North-weft :
for this Mexico lie’ in fight of California, which is believ'd to border on Tartary,
or at leaft feparated from it by a narrow Channel. But Nornmbega ( if ever
fuch 2 Place was) muft, according to the We/t-Indian Records, have been fituate
where a part of New France lies, now planted by the Englifh : between which
and New Mexico lies an almoft unmeafurable vaft Traé& of Land. Mean while
here is not the leaft fign of this City Norumbega to be found: neither do the In-
habitants dwell in Cities, but live in Tents, or moveable Villages, which
change their Names as oft as their Governors. Moreover, the Norwegians could
not get to this Norumbega by Land through Yjland and Groenland to Effotiland, °
becaufe of the vaft Bays, and great Midland-Sea, difcover’d by the Englifh in
their North-weftern Difcoveries; fo that leaving E/totiland, it was altogether
impoflible for them to come to Norumbega.
- Hereto may be added what the Mexicans fay. of themfelves, who acknow-
ledge, That travelling ftom the North, they did not find an un-inhabited
Countrey before them, but were forc’d to make their Way by a long and
bloody War with the Chichimecen, a falvage People, that knew neither Laws or ciictiinecen’
Religion. : |
“The People alfo dwelling oppofite to California, differ from the Cuftoms of
the Mexicans, being divided into fevetal People of contrary Conftitutions, and
as different Languages. peek
Grotius {cruies up his Afguments from the likenefs of the American Speech and _cattoms and Confitu-
Cuftoms with the Norwegian :for (fayshe) there is little difference between “™ =
~ Pagod and by-God, or like God ; Guaira and Waeijer, that is,AFan; Hama and Lam,
; | in
 v7
i

Thefe Allegations, to.make the Norwegians to bethe Parents of the Nor-

thern Americans, John de Laet thus contradié&s: * It no ways follows that one
“ People take original from the other, becaufe here and there are feveral words
“found; that have the fame fignification and found in divers Countreys.
“much lefs when they muft either add, change, or diminifh {everal Letters,
“* Moreover, there'is no fmall miftake in the conipar'd words: for Pagod
is
*€ not usd -all over America ; the Baft-Indians about,.ché River Indus, call theit
“<Idol-Temples Pagod,or Pagode ; the word Guaira is no where us'd in
America,
“ but by the Peruvians, and with them not fignifying 2 Fan, bura little Oven ;
“neither is Ilama a Lamb, (for before the coming of the Spaniards thither, - nei
~* ther ‘Sheep nor Lambs were ever feen in Peru)
but a Wool-bearing Beaft,
’ thus defcrib’d by Jo/eph de Acofta :
A defeription of
firange Beaft Mame
the
“‘Tlama ({ays he) a four-footed Creature, furnifhes its Mafter with Cor
in Meat
Pere,
“‘and Clothing, and fupplies the office of a Beaft for Burthensand
; at no
“ charge for Hay nor Provender, well {atish’d with what he finds
in the Ways
“ or Mountains. But the Ilama’s are of two forts, either woolly, or fhort.
| ‘ hair'd:
 Chap. IL. AFDASE EE GA,
* hair'd = the firft go by the Name Pacos, the other:Moromsro,.
33
f lefgthana
being not muck
Calf, with a long Neck like a Camel,.,.buc-of feyeeat
colours ; for
“ fome are white, fome black, and others {peckled, havi
ng an:odd Look, e{pe-
cially when they are ty'd, and ftand fill without any-
motion, flaring: wick
“ goggleseyes on their Owners: Sometimes ina moody
humor, upon a fuds
“den takinga freak, they run up to the top of almoft inacc
effible Mountains,
«© where both the frantick Beaft and his Burthen are
loft,. The Pacos {ometimes
* likewife takes fiidden Pets; and faftian Fits, often.
doing the forward Superfale,
“‘ tumbling over and over with their Goods, and will
not be rais’d, their moo-
« dinefs continuing, with beating, nay though they
cut tiem to pieces:. but the
“belt way is co firdown by them,:and wait fome hours
till their humor bes
“ing {pent they rife againvof their 6wn accords.: Thefe Beatts are much ‘ins
“ clin’d. to.a Difeafe call’ Carafhe or. the Mange, of which
they generally |
“* die: and becaufe the Difeafe is very catching, ‘they
ftraight bury. the infecte ,
“ ed/alive,:fothe better to preferve the reft.
Grotius alfo miftakes, when he compares the Mexi
can Peke’ with the Dutch
Beke; for though many Mexican Places, Mountains, i
and Rivers, terminate in
Peke, yet it fignifies not 2 Brook or Rivulet, for that they
call Atlaupeii. .
John de Lact tells alfo, *That with great diligence he
found a Mexican DiGiog De Orig. Gentinm Amt.
nary, Printed by the Spaniards’inMexico, to'find if ther vi.
e were any words in it
which agreed with any of thofe European Languages that
he underftood, but
found not one.
. Itis the fame cafe with the Cuftoms and Conftitutions between
the Norwe-
gians and Northern Americans : for what concerns Hunting,
how many People
have formerly liv’d by it 2.The antient Germans, and
to this'day the Tartars
make it their whole bufinefs, excelling in-that
Art all other Nations. Befi
des;
that the more ferious fort of the Mexicans many Ages
fince {corn’d to derive
thermfelves froma Hunting Anceftry, but affirm that
they found the Chichimecen
in thofe Countreys, who were great Venators:
The accounting of Time by the Nights, extracted from the
Hebrews, is ob+
ferv’d by divers Eaftern People : and although the Germans
dipt and wafh’d
their Children in cold Rivers, or Brooks, fo foon as, they
were born, yet the
Mexicans never did it, but the Mother lays the Child onthe fourth day after its
Birth, in an open place of the Houle; in the middle wher
eof ftands a Pot full
of Water cover’d with Broom, in which they wath the
Infant. Neither are
the Americans fo much addiéted to the Vice of Gaming
as other Nations, {6 that’ Cuftonits of the Ameris
Grotius taxeth them too feverely as to that point: ason the
contrary, he too ‘2 aS.
much Clears them of Polygamy, whereas the Mexicans
Marry as many Wives as
they pleafe, or are able to maintain. Father Martyn Perez relates the famie of
the Cinaloans, and Other Americans ; as allo Quarterius of the Natives
in Nova Fran-
cia, which lie neareft to Norway. And what need
the Americans have the Germans
their Teachers, to make Dam$and Banks againft
Floods.. fince Nature and
Neceffity ic {elf inflruéts ‘it? and where are any People fo
ignorant, as to
afcribe the fame event to Men and Beafts after death ? "Tis
true, their man.
net of éating. in America is feyeral, becaufe the People do
not much converfe
together ; but they did not go naked; for the Spania
rds. found them not onely Their Clothing:
neatly Habited, but had a proper Name for every
thing they wore. The
Virginians usd long Shirts ; the Floridans Skins of wild Beaf
ts ;.and towards the
North they cover’d themfelves from Head to Foot in
haity and undrefs‘d
Hydes. The facrificing of Men was in formet Ages {prea
ding far and near
; et inl F ; ; over.
 AMERICA. | Chapll.
hath been already declar’d
over the World, and how far it was practis’d here,
g of Man’s-fiefh, but
at large. Laftly, all the Americans are not guilty of eatin as
ca.
that falvagenefs is confin’d to the Southern Ameri
no hand in
Thus much we have faid,’to prove that the Norwegians had
to enquire who planted
planting the Northern America, we fhall now proceed
Nombre de Dios, to
the Southern Parts, from the Straights between Panama and
the Straights of Magellan. | Le
of the South
The Peruvians, pofleflinga large Tra&t of Land along the Coaft
Sea, Grotius would thus derive from China:
fion,argue fufs
“ The Peruvians being of a fubtile Wit,and quick of Apprehen
but tas
hern Americans
<<‘ ficiently that they are not extracted from the more Nort
s found on
“ther from the Chinefes, whichthe feveral Wrecks of (hinefe Ship
dent
« thele Coafts fufficiently evidence : and no wonder, if curiofity or acci
rated onely by
“ brought the (hine/es expert Navigators to this Counttey, fepa
both
“ one Sea from them. Tothis we may add their Rites of Religion ;for
no Let-
« worfhip the Sun, and call their King the Son of the Sun; they write
of ftrange
Relation of atancocapee** vers, but make Charagters downwatds. Mancocapacus was a Chinefe
fruitful Coun-
| ‘ Policy ;who being inform’d that his Countrey-men inhabited
Government,
‘ creys‘on the other fide of the South-Sea, but without Laws or
in a Body, and
« Sail’d over thither, and gather’d the {catter’d Multitudes
him and his
< eftablifh’d an hereditary Kingdom after the Chinefe manner, to
‘¢ Succeflors. . :
ns exceed the
oct teeArtricansaienot "T'o which John de Lact anfwers thus: ‘Though the Peruvia a
me. <¢ other Americans in Policy , and ac the artival of the Spaniards liv'd in
to the
« handfom Order of Government, yet they can no ways be compar’d
of Peru
<< fharp-witted, and noble-fpirited Chinefes ;nay, there are in no Place
all the World ;
“found fuch Artificers as thofe of (hina, that bear the praife of
of the
<¢ no where fuch manner of Buildings or Cities, nor the leaft likenefs
€ Chinefe Curiofities. As concerning the Wrecks found in Pern, I find no cre-
« dible Author that gives an account thereof for certainly the Chinefes could
to the
“ much eafier, and a nearer way have come through the Atlantick Sea
Coafts of America, lying to the Eaft of Peru, than fteer along the vaft, and
“much greater South Seg, and endure the horrible Storms and vaft Waves,
«¢ which the European Ships are {carce able to endure, much lefs the Chinefe Vel-
fels, which are not fo good. The Spaniards which Sail yearly from Acupul-
<< co to the Philippines are fenfible of the great danger which they endure, chiefly
the
“by the great gufts of Wind near California. Befides, the Peruvians before
«the arrival of the Spantards, were utterly ignorant of great Ships, and the ufe
<¢ of Sails. How could they at once have forgotten that Art; which they
«brought with them thither, Moreover, it is eafier to Sail from Peru to
“ China, than from China to Peru, becaufe the Winds under the Equinoétial
‘< TLine commonly blow Eafterly. And it is the greater wonder, that the Chi-
“ nefe Jonks accidentally by Storm fhould be driven to Peru, becaufe they
<< wete never ftor’d with Provifions but for a fhort Voyage, whereas this ask’d
nine Moneths. But if any one will fuppofeyehat they purpofely directed their
‘¢Courfe thither, how came the Chinefes to Sailjuft to Peru, and not to New
¢¢ Spain, which is much clofer to China $ why were there no Merchan-
«€ difes of the Chinefes found in Pern, fince they went thither for Trade ? how
‘© came theyto neglect that Navigation they had once found ? Nor is their.
‘* Sun-worthip (which was formerly praétis’d in moft Parts of the World) of
‘any
 Chip lt. ae AMERICA
<< any validity to derive them from China? But the es is moft apparent,
« For the Peruvians worfhip for their chief God,Viracocha,that is,God Almighty, ot
<¢ The Creator of all things.. |
The -Chinefes, if Confutius an, eye-
eeitealinmay be crilieed., are divided into
“¢ chree Sects of Religion: The firft follow the Learn’d Tebenei and acknow-
“ledge a King of the Heavens, which muft onely be ferv’d as the Chine/és fole
“€ Governor; to which purpofe, two Temples are built in the Royal Cities
‘¢ Nankin and Pekin, one Confecrate, to Heaven, and the other to the Earth.
“¢ The fecond Seé& hath the name of. Sciequia,. and ferve the Idol Omyto, The
“ third nam’d Lanzw, imploy themfelves in Magick and Exorcifms, ' Conju-
“ring up, and laying Evil:Spirits, whofe horrid reprefentations, when they
<¢ have ftuick upon the Walls ,, they make an artificial and dreadful noife, as if
“ Hell were broke loofe, and the Houle full of Devils; fometimes alfo force
‘the Evil-Spirits to enter into Images, from whence they receive no impers
« rinent an{wers to: their, gueftions,: ; Therefore, who will compare this Su-
« perftition of the Peruvians worfhipping of the SAR to the (hinefe Religion,
« which dono fuchthings?
. © The Peruvians call’d their King, y Lord of the Realm, and not The Son of thé
$¢ Sun,'as in China :Though the Mexicans otherwife worthip the Sun, and in their
- & manner of adulation, ftyl’d Hernando (ortex,. their Conqueror, Son of the Sun
“< As to what concerns dhe manner of writing, it is very well known , that the
« Chinefes words are all Monofyllables, fo that they have as many Letters as
« Words, which they joyn fo together, that they reckon eighty thoufand,
«“but Sith ten thoufand they are able to exprefs themfelves in moft matters.
«* Thefe Characters are contaiti’d in their Halpien or Diétionary. The antient. , Embally to the Chani
“ Chinefes us’d feventeen feveral forts of Characters in their writing, fome cons ©ae
§ ifting of Serpents, that by feveral Wreathes and. contortious Windings, fig-
“ nify’d feveral things; others, of all forts of agreftick Tools belonging to
«“Husbandry ;fome Charaéters of the Feathers of the Bird Fumshoar; others of.
“«Oyfters and Worms, or of Roots, of Herbs, or Birds Claws, or of Turtles,
& or of Herbs and Birds Feathers mingled, or of Planets, and fuch like; Bie
« what manner of Writing or Hicroglyphick of eae refembles chole,
“who by their own teftimony know neither Pen, Paper, Ink, nor any mannet
“of Writing , but reckon the antiquity of time by rung Beads , whicli
‘¢ was obferv'd many ages fince among feveral Nations,
Hitherto we have difcover’d the feveral Opinions concerning the Original of ii en a
the Americans, or firft Plantation of-America, from all which, havingreceiv'd no »
clear or demonftrative fatisfadtion, we muft open our way toa further {erutiny:
But firft,we muft needs confels, hae contradiction is not difficule, but it is fomé-
thing of Work, when we ai beaten down a well- fortifi'd Opinicn , to fet
up fomewhat in ftead thereof, to ftand a permanent and undeniable truth,
which will be the harder , in regard the Inhabitants of this new World Rave
no old Chronologies concerning their Antiquities, and firft fettling there ; yet
if we cannot go fo far abfolutely to affert, yet fome probabilities, grounded (as
we fuppofe) upon better reafons, may give more fatisfaction; for none will eke
deny, but that the Generations of Mankind being ftrangely multiply’ d after |
the Flood, they then living five times our Ages, and Warts not beginning till
thetkaown part of the Earth was over-ftock’d, juftling for Territories, and
fome thruft quite our, at laft found America; which fpreading it felf to a vaft
extent, and now found almoft every where well inhabited, may be guefs‘d,
F2 that
 AMERICA. Chap.IL,
times replenifh’d fince
chat ic was not onely Planted from the firft, but feveral
ters, and at feveral times make
by various Nations; Why may not feveral Plan
er, either by force ot
a's great room for their Colonies, incroaching one upon anoth
upon the Gauls, the Normans upon them,
rived from feveral people: Compact ; as the French themfelves
Brittains, and the Nor-
. the Goths among the Spaniards, and the Saxons among the
/
mans again upon them ?
Canary Ifles lye
Several people may eafily Sail over thither, the Azores or the
) Tranfportation to America; from whence
{o,that they are ready(as if defign’dfor
thefe
Acofta made a Voyage in fifteen days. Alfo Pliny gives us an account, that
after Pliny’s
Iflands lay uninhabited in his time; yet is it well known, that
had been former-
time, Ruins of Buildings were found there, fignifying, they
Sail thence to the
ly Planted ; And why might not thofe ancient Inhabitants
|
neighboring America
by Navi«
Tercera lying half way between Spain and America, was frequented
to Sail from thence |
_ gators before the Birth of our Savior; and it feems as-eafie
this, that neceffity
. to America, as from the Main Land of Spain thither : Add
treys, for fince they
aturian, de Reb. Hip, Forc’d the Spaniards to look about them from other Coun
e bea-
aaa loft their Vidorious Champion Baucius Gapetus , they were every wher
over, fuffer’d
ten, being tired out by the Phenician Forces, and that oppreflion
ftrange, if a cons ~
as much under the Roman Yoke: Wherefore it feems not
where elfe
Gderable number remov’d from thence, that they might live fome
and fet
in quiet, for which purpofe they wanted no conveniencies to Rig
ng had long
forth ftout’and fufficient Veffels, able to live in thofe Seas, havi
d again
experience from the Phenician Voyagers, whofe Fleets Sail’d daily toan
Coun-
in feyeral Expeditions , from Cadiz ‘and Gibraltar towards thefe Weftern
treys: Nay, Hanno himfelf their firft Navigator that way, who gives an account
ca.
of the Gorgons, or the Ifles of (ape erd, a good part of the way to Ameri
from America;
Englifefamoua Samer? - And though Brittain, Ireland, and the Brittifh Orcades lay further
yet fomething may be faid particularly to prove, ‘That many Ages fince, Ex-
peditions had been made from thence to the New World; and that the
Inhabitants of thefe our Ifles, in former Ages, were peculiarly famous for their
s of their
Pigcotignig 0 skill in Navigation ; infomuch, that the Cretans and Phenicians emulou
ns upon
e ae Seam skill, and jealous of their danger, made feveral Attacques and Invafio
Erithenithe,
| thefe Ifles, which is the more probable, many remarks of the Phenician and
Greek Language, remaining in the denominations of the Countrey : Of which,
Dia vineceialle take firft this account :' | i
’d long and
Arve sox whiceve. _Anno 1170. When Owen Gayneth, Prince of Wales, having Raign
BANE happily in his fetled Dominions, dying, left feveral Sons, who quarrelling,
theirelder Brother, as not contented with their fhares of the Principality, nor
the whole by ©
to be under him, having gotten no mean Interefts and Claims to
their truglings, fo weakned one another, that they open’da way to the loo-
| ; ,
fing of all.
Amongft thefe Brothers, Madok, a Prince of a milder difpofition, weary of
| fuch unnatural Diffentions, threw up his fhare, better contented to feck new
inBios Fortunes abroad ; whereupon there were many foon perfwaded to venture
_Dyrid Pow!
their lives with him, where ever he would pleafe to Tran{port : So Rigging
a {mall Fleet, he Sail’d Weltward , far beyond Treland, where at laft he difs
nt, the
cover’d an unknown and un-inhabited Counttey, but wondrous pleafa
Air being temperate, and the Soyl moft fertile: Glad of this good fuccefs (as
the Story fays) he returning, {preading the Fame of this his New-Found-Land,
which
 Chap... AMERICA | 7a a
which they might exchange for a barren soy hatter’d and harafs‘d with an
endlefs Civil-War.
No {mall number flock’d tovichelt Summons, as 4 moft acceptable Underta-
king, fo that foon after he was able to. fend forth ten good Ships,Freighted only
. with, Men, Women, and Children, and all other Materials ft for a new Planta-
tion; which noc long after Landed in Acuzamil,a Countrey in the North ofAme-
rica, as Francis Lopex de Gomara believes, .becaufe there he onely found fome re-
maining Tracks of Chriftianity, a People that worfhipp’d the Crofs, buc
knew no reafon why or wherefore they ador’d that fign of our Redemption.
Now,fome will fay,that this Worfhip of the Crofs is no argument to prove,that
the Brittifh Chriftians firft Planted in the North of America; but what will not
time and change of place do, where Tran{planted People keep no Records,
fo they forget not onely Religion, Laws, and Cuftoms, but who they were,and
from whence they came, Oblivion firft mutilating, and at laft (wallowing up
all; of which, take this one late prefident. |
idee 1598. The Duke De La Roche obtain’d leave of the French King, to tranfz _ Strangeottafion
ofDeig
port a Colony of Volunteers to New France; in his way he Landed fifty Men on
the Ifland De Sable, to reft his Paflengers, ond that he might the better, and
with more eafe explore the Countrey,and when refolv’d where to feullesticn to
fetch them off; who accordingly, as defign’d, foon after, returning thither,
was met with foviolent a Storm, that not Kaine able to ‘Weather the Iile of
Sable, where he left his People, heloft his whole Expedition, and was driven
back to a French Harbor, where no fooner arriv'd, he was fo highly charg’d,
that he was caft into Dislted darter thofe he had left neglected upon the ei dre
not once fo muchas thought of ; in this interim, they never expecting to hear
more of their Captain, liv’d in a wild and miferable condition, feeding upon
Fifh, and fometimes wild Swine, without Bread, Drink, or Salt.
When the Baton of Leri went with Letters Patents, to be Governor of Nova
Francia, and by ftrefs of Weather in his Voyage , was fore’d to put in at Sable,
where he found the remainder of La Roches People ,who being from fifty re-
duced to twelve, having clad themfelves in Sea-Wolves Skins, they had not
onely loft their Feet French Civilities, but forgot in a manner their Religi-
on, much of their Language, and what they were, being as if Meramorphos’ d
into beftial Salvages.
And although we have already controverted the improbability of Peopling _trrme.sid notcomeae
America, either by accident of Storm , or fet purpofe; yet it may be poflible TT OT:
that fo it might happen, for as the fcheal vertues of Plants, Herbs, Precious-
Stones, and Minerals, though ftrangely occult , and fo altogether unknown,
that what could never rm found by Art, meer dNande hath brought to light, tind
their wondrous qutalities, fome cafual accident hath made apparent; fo ftrange
and remote Countreys n¢Ver tobe found in our Charts,or Maps, nor Regiftred
in any Story, Seamen bound to their intended Harbors, have ftumbled on by
chance, either Hood-wink'd ly blind Mifts ,or forc’d upon by pertinatious
Weather. of which America may be her own fehea for how was Columbus
Rirr’d up, but by inicitations of the Journals of a SeaeCaptain , dying in his
Honfe, driven on the American \flands by foul Weather. | ;
Although from the foremention’d places, and after the fame manner, Ane- Ameren 92s Poot
; : relently after the Fleod.
rica might be furnifh’d with Inhabitants, fo it allo gives us 2 more certain ale
furance, that the Planting of America was not onely foon after the Flood, ‘but
that they came alfo thither by Land: And how trangely would it be againtt
the
 28 AMERICA. Chap:lf:
the Majefty and Wifdomof Divine Providence, to leave half the Univerfal
Globe, a World fully fupply’d with all forts of Creatures, fit for Food and
Service, Plants, Herbs, and the richeft Minerals, like a Houfe new builr,
Giants in America,
and well furnifh’d, without a Mafter or any Inhabitanc, viz. Man, who be-
ing of Geleftial Extract, fhould be able to acknowledge and glorifie the Crea-
tor, by admiring the Creature in his great Works: Befides, the confus’d No-
tions and Fables of Giants ,-Perpetrators of all manner of Crimes, and wal-
lowing in all kind of fenfual Debaucheries, are always remembred among the
Antiquities of the Americans , and that they had fome flender hints of antient —
Truth,not onely of the Giants before the Flood,but of thofe that foon after the
rank fatnefs of the Earth, produc’d and fed to that pitch of Arrogance, that the
Conjarati frawres, Vig, COVENantiNg Brethren defi’d God, fortifying themfeélves to fight him by the ad-
Gime vroodacknowledga Vantage of that their long congefted Pile,Babel,which ina fhort time was tran{.
5 verted by the Heathen Poets into their Gigantomachia,heaping Hills on Hills; like
the AmericanT raditions: From which we may conjecture,that they came thither
in the time of Noah, for why may not any believe,when Noah liv’d three hun-
dred years after he Landed on Mount Ararat, that he took care.to People the
World? And who will make him ignorantof this New World, who living
five hundred years before, might not improbably by his own induftry and
the help of the former long-liv'd Patriarchs , been well ablé to make a general
Survey of the Old; and he could better furnifh America, it being nearer Mount
Ararat, than fupply Italy, Spain, Germany, or any Northern Territories in Europe;
fo that America might be known to the firft people after the Flood nay ;inhabit-
ed by them, though fince that, the knowledge was loft. xa).
Pliny complaining of the Supine negligence, and ftupendious floth which
reign’d then and long before as he had obferv’d, among all people, and in eve-
ry place, who were fo far from making inquiry after difcoveries of Lands for
new Plantations, that they loft the old, when they had begun to fettle, though
under the greateft ferenity of Peace ; The Sea by that means lying open bes
yond what any juncture of former times could be proud of.
s aweny teed whom Yer the Fortunate,or Canary Iflands were in the firft ages after Noah, frequented
| with Veflels, which in later times were altogether neglected, till Guilaum Betane
court, a Gentleman of Picardye, brought them again to be taken notice of by a
snes CoM aoa Trade. The Fable of the He/perian Gardens, and the Dragon that kept the
ei Golden Fruit, with conftant Vigils, is nothing but anallufion to the Sea, which
with Serpentine Embraces, not onely fecur'd thefe fcatter’d Ifles, but fwal-
low’d up feveral Adventurers that too hardy made their unhappy approaches».
for difcovery. | .
Another Allegation for the Planting of America by Land, both whofe fides
are wath’d on the Eaft and Weft, by the South and Atlantick Ocean, may be
thus probably made out: The Atlantick rowls overswith almoft Fathomlefs
Waters, three thoufand Leagues of Ground ; the South-Sea not much lefs,
which well may be , being indeed but one continu’d Sea, encompaffing, till
meeting there, the Univerlal Ball; whence {prings a more likelyhood, that
America might be Planted from the Southern parts, from the Straights of Magel-
lan, and Le-Mayr. | 7 4
elatedetinea dura, ‘Peter Fernandes de Quir relates, That he and a Commander, Lodowick Paes le
rhe Deferigtion’of the Lorves {aw a part ofthe South Countrey , and in it innumerable Inhabitants,
isnknown South, Whites, Blacks, Sallows, with long, black, curl’d, Woolly, and yellow Hair.
They know no Walls or Fortreffesfor Defence, Laws or Kings, but are divided
into
 _ ME VEE ee es | Ee 203 29
Chap. Il.
:
into Tribes: They ufe indeed Bows, Arrows, Clubs, and a kind of Spears :
uff con-
Their Houfes are cover'd with Palm-Tree-Leaves ; their Houfholdft
fome lit-
fifts onely of a few Earthen Pots, and fuch Trinkets; yet they have
in Neck-Laces
tle skill in Weaving, and though they gonaked, pride themfelyes
s and
and Bracelets, made of Mother of Pearl : But thefe for their Complexion
Conftitution of Body, Cuftoms, and manners, are rather deriv’d from the Ame-
nal
yicans, than they from them, and therefore we muft feek for their Origi
from the North , from which are but two ways, one from Y/land and Groene
land, which Grotius endeavors to prove, but contradiéted, the other out of Tar-
tary, which certainly was the firft Nurfery, from whence the Americans were
Tranfplanted. | —)" | . pee ae,
Tartary ox Tattary, fo call’d from the River Tatter, which runs thorow the PYUPH of Tartan”
Countrey Mongul into the Northern Ocean , covers a great part of the Terres
ftrial Globe ; the leffer Tartary makes out a confiderable part of Europe; the
) er
greater is Afia.
This great Tartary, which is a thoufand Leagues long, and fix hundred broad,
Sa-
reckons five chief Provinces, viz, the wild Tartary, inhabited by Herd{men;
ne ;
gatai, of which the Metropolis is Samarcand , famous for the mighty Tamerla
and laftly, Old
next Turkeftan ; then Kitai, which the great Cham Commands;
Tartary, according to Andreas Cafarienfis, the habitation of Gog and Magog.
:
Now we muft enquire from what Tartars the Americans are Extracted
Morneus, Poftellus, Genebrardus, Poterus, and others are of opitiion, That the aiiss1.6;:
Tartars, which about the year 1228. under the Command of Zingis Cham
,
a deluge, were the Succeffors of the ten Tribes of J/- Ifthe iffaelites
overfpread the Earth like
pie ie were Tavs
by Salman azar. The name Tar- sa,
rael, which were carry’d into captivity to Affyria
fignifies
tary, or rather Tattaria, feems to be fome teftimony thereof, becaufe it
e
in the Syrian or Hebrew Tongue, Remnants or Remainders, as feemingly, becauf
thefe Tartarians were remainders of the foremeéntion’d Tribes; nay ,the Northern
li :
Tartary Herd{men preferve to this day the Names Dan, Zabulon, and Naphtha
Sar-
Wherefore we need not to admire, why fo many Jews are found in Rusia,
are.
matia, and Liefland, nay, the nearer to Tartary, the more Jews there
Mahomet
_ Circumcifion hath a long time been obferv’d among them’, before
cifion and
brought in his new Law, it feems, that Mahomet order’d the Circum
be-
other Laws, according to Maes, to be obferv’d by the Northern people, j
the better be
caufe that in his time, they began to Rebel, that fo they might
kept in awe by their new Religion. Pand, Hip. Turcica,
the wilde
Foannes Leonclavins relates, That in Liefland near Riga, he heard
along the High-
Natives call’d Lecti, not without great admiration, go crying
believ’d that
- Ways and Fields, with a doleful voice, Jeru, Jeru, Mafco lon : It is
nuance in the
they mourn for Jernfalem and Damafcus, but by their Jong conti
and what elfe
valt Wildernefles, they-have forgot their Religion and Laws,
queftion this
might enable to tell us who'they were. Several learned Authors
Judgement their
removal of the I/raelites out of Affria to Tartary, though to our
ng they have gotten
Arguments are too weak, totake from them of the footi
the Planters Sa
there, yet neverthelefs, the Ifraelites are not to be taken for
ca as in Tartary. But
America, for why elfe is not Fudaifme as well found in Ameri
e the difperfion of the
it is already fhewn, that America was inhabited long befor
Ifraelites.
of America were not ¢,4n7ycom aenerdeivs
~ Now to fhut up all, it is evident, that the firft Planters
Complexions, Lan-
Exropeans from the difimilitudeof the People, both in their
guage,
 4.0 AMERICA. Chap. I:
guage and Perfons; nor Africans , becaufe that in all the far. {preading Couns
trey of America, not one Negro isto be found, except a few near the River Mar-
tha, in the little Territory Quarequa, which muft by Storm be. drove thither
Bur 4fia, and chiefly out from the Guinny Coaft : So that fia, the Mother of all People, onely remains -
of Tartary.
to be Implanter of our America, whofe Weftern Coaft, oppofite to Ajia, is more
inhabited than to the Eaft, where it refpects Europe. |
Tartary isnot parted from Moreover, Armenia, out of which, by Naah’s Progeny, the whole Earth was
America by the Straights of
Anian. re-peopled , borders on Scythia; now call’d Tartary, and Tartary faces America,
feparated onely by the Straights of Anian, though fome-are of opinion, that -
out of the South into the Frozen Sea, there is no paflage thorow thefe Straights;
elfe (as we have already prov’d the contrary) how came all thofe Voracious
and Poyfonous Beafts into America, if it be clearly feparated from Afia by
Sea ? MH | |
It deferves here to be related, what happen’d to Henry Cornelifon Schaep, and
William Byleveld, Sailing from Batavia to difcover the Tartarick River Poly/ange,
but were taken and carry’d Prifoners to the Japan Court at Fedo; being Com-
manded there by Order of the Councel to give an account of a Japan Map ot
Card, which was laid before them, and contain’d the Provinces of Japan, Am-
boina, the Molucca Wlands, Manilba, the South-Sea, Borneo, Celebes, Malacca > Lartary,
Formofa, Corea, and the vaft and Mountainous Countrey or Defart of Jeffo, fepa
rated from Fapan by the Straights of Sungar; though toward the North,itjoyns to
Japan in the Province of Ochio; and beginning in forty feven degrees,. run
North-Eaft towards America, but they could not pofible find the Straights of
Anian ; but on the contrary, the Promontory of Tartary, viz. the Province Ka-
taya or Katui lay in the fame parallel with the Northern America. - ant
Hereto may -be added, that 4fia hath no Territory any where, which may
more eafily with numerous Colonies fupply America than this part of Tartary,as
well for the vaftnefs of the Countrey, to which no other can compare, as for -
the increafing of the Inhabitants: Who doth not admire, that according to
Ennead 9.1.6, Michalon Lithouwer, there is {carce a City in Tartary that boafted lefs than a thou-
fand ‘Temples ? and to fee Canguifta firft King of Tartary, about the Year 1200.
Teltimoniesthat the Ame=
ricans are Tartars,

in Arms; and his Succeffor Hoccata following his Fathers bloody Footfteps,
whilft he prepar’d his Sons with three vaft Armies? The eldeft Son, Fachis,
March’d Weftward with thirty thoufand Horfe ; Batho drew with as great an
Army towards the North; ‘Tagladais being the youngeft fell into the Moores
Countrey above’Egypt. Hoccata himfelf March’d victorioufly into the North
America, {ubdu’d great part of the Perfian Kingdom, and beat the Turks, led by
the General Goniata with a great Army, Anno 1241. as Facob Planenfis and Benes
diétws Sarmata, two Monks, fent by Pope Innocent to Hoccata, witnefs
: The great
number of the Tartars or Scythians , may appear by the feveral people, {pread
far and néar over Tartary; Pliny reckons fome of them, viz, Auchetes, Neuri,
Ge-
loni, Thuffagetes, Budini, Bafilides, Agathyrfi, Nomades, Anthropo
phagi, Elyperborei,
Arimphei, Cimmerij, Cicianthi, Georgi, Sacores, and others : What number would
the Inhabitants make up that live in America; in Teneneuf, Virginia,
Florida, New
Spain, Guadalaiara, Guatemala, Terra firma, New Granada, Peru, Chili, Rio de la Plata,
Brafil, Guaiana, New Andaluzai ? | |
It will be worth our time, to compare the likenefs between
the Scythians and
Northern Americans; both of them are differenced with {pecial Marks
of a more
than ordinary and natural diftance between the Eyes,
which much alters the
whole Air of the Face, and the plumpnefs and {welling of their Cheeks
fum-
mits
 Chap. II. | ARIE BAG A So = ie 4X
mits above the Cheek-bone; moft of thefé are‘of 2 middle ftature, having
downy Hair upon their Chin, like the Callow Feathers of an unfledo’d Bird.
Laftly, as the Tartars, they differ amongft themfelves in their Cuftoms,. yét-in
feveral things-they-agree one with another , according as they are govern’d by
others, and yet other Princes, -fome powerful,-and fome weaker, according as
every ones power be more or lef’. The Inhabicants of Lucaja bear fo'great a
refpect, and-ftand fo'much in awe of their Governor , that if commanded to
leap from a Rock, and break their Nécks, they inftantly obey. - eer
Thefameis obferv’d by the Turtars: the fir King Canguifta Commanded
the feven Princes offhisRealmto ‘Murder theit Sons with their own Hands,
which they all readily perforth’dy? 20° - : 9: XUShO “tet
_ In Popaina they live to this day like “fome’Tartars 5 without Laws or'Law-
—eintiturions
oftherar
givers, who change their places by turns, from’ the great! increa(e of the Tape On en ee
tars, the Americans no ways differ. : . :
Bartholomens de las Cafas writ to Charles the Fifth, That the Spanidrds in few
years, onely on the Iflands Cuba} Fiifpaniola, Naco, Honduves; in Venexuéla and
New Spain, deftroy’d above 2600000. Men, befides the flaughter that was made —
in Peru, Brafil, Rio de la‘Plata and other places; which far exceed the foremen-
tion’d numbers. | } | Hn!
Polygamy is fill in'ufe ;* both among’ the Tartars and Americans» both ace
knowledge the Immortality of the Soul, both like Cannibals, Eating and Sacri-
ficing Mans flefh. How: famous amongft the, Antients was the Altar of Diana
in Laurica’ (herfone{uss, where feveral Men wete daily Sacrificed ? How. deli-
cate, according to Sabellitus, did the Tartars account their Difhes , Sauc’d and
ferv'd with humane Gore ? >| y 28s hte
Strabo relates, That the antient Pedple account itan honourable Death to be —cugr.1 I1.q+
76
chop'd in pieces, and their Aeth ferv’d up in Commons.’ ‘Thofe that die'by
Age, a natural death, are defpis'd like Malefaétors, and a8 a punifhment ac-
cording to their Demerits, left in the open Fields, a prey to Birds and Beatfts ,
fome delight in that loathiome gorging themfelves with Mens fleth, others on
the contrary, ‘not onely deteft humane, but all manner of fefh! And juft fo
the Americans are diftinguifh’d ; for although the Caribes, Brafilians, the Inhabi- ~

tants of New Spain, New'Granada, St. Martha, and others, Sacrifice and eat Men,
yet as many ablior and deteft that odiotis Diet and abominable Cuftom.
Giles Flefher Queen Elifabeths Agent in Mu/cow relates, That Anno 1588. Kinach
Morfey, Gtandfon to the Governor of the Chrim Fartars, made his entrance there
with a Retinue of three hundred Noblemen, and two Ladies,-of which one was
the Widow of his deceafed Brother. The great Prince inform’'d of*their com-
ing, fent him two flaughter’d Horfes, whofe fides and Hanches they feafted on, .
as we on Fallow Deer. |
Moft of the Tartars ufe no manner of Letters or Charaéters ; in the Voyage
made into Perfia, they firft learn’d to make Letters; juft fo it is im America;
their bemoaning of the dead ends in one Moneth, both by the Tartars and Ame-
ricans; with a Perfon of Quality ,/the Tartars bury a live Servant, the fame
Cuftom is obfery’d by fome of the Americans. and fo much do they agree in a
falvage and rude life, that Merchandizing and Mechanicks are litele regarded.,
Ayfon the American acknowledges the Tartars for a tude People in their Religion,
Habits, and Dwellings, and yer in all thefe the Americans differ but very little. :
Laftly, How common is it among{t them to worfhip the Devil? Along the», Devi-worthip inAmes
River Sagadahoc, the Inhabitants are cvery new Moon miferably tormented by
| G an
 eA MERIC A. Chap. I.
an Evil Spirit call’d Tanto. In-the Temples in Kircioka remain yet the horrible
Images of the Devils Oka and Menetto. Nota Houle in Mexico, but hath a pe-
culiar-Chappel, fet apart for this their {uppos’d holy, but damnable Adoration
of the Devil. Others in Virginia believe, That there isa great and fupreme De-
ity, which is Everlafting, and for ever. The Tartars alfo, are of the like pere
{wafion.
But this Opinion Grotius bath laid: a4 ftrong and: dengarsv Battery againtt;
that America could not be Peopled by the Tartars, becaufe the Americans before
the Spaniards coming thither,had never feen any Horfes, whereas the Tartars ule |
no Beaftmore, either .in. Peace or Wat, nor can lefs want: For. the Tartariak
Tartarian Horles, Forces do not only confift in Horfe; but the Wealeh of this Countrey is
reckan‘d up in the numerous. Breeds, ‘af Horfes, and feveral Studs of Mares.
Some of the Noblefs keep a,thonfand Horfe; none, though never fo poor;
but keep two or three; and Beggars there heiested crave Alms and Charity:
of the People. When they remove their Habitations, their Horfes carry their
Provifions and, Tents: If Proyifions, grow fhort, they eat Mares Milk, high
— gufted, with Garlick, which fatisfies Hunger and Thirkt ; and the red Liquor.
which they tap warm, from their Veins, ferves them to help Digeftion, and
heighten their Humor, inftead of the Blood of the Grape, our {weet Wine.
The fwifteft Rivers, hough raging and precipitated with Land- floods, they
dare adventure fwimming theit Horfes over, hanging naked by theit Manes,
and guiding them by a flipp’d Rein whither choy pleafe ; To their Tails they
tie their Saddles, and other Neceffaries, bound up. in Rufhes., When a Per-
fon of Quality prepares to crofs any Riverj they tie. two Horfes Tail to Tail, |
and athwart both their Backs faften a Mat pleited of Rufhes, to fiton. When
they are ftopp’d at any broad River, or ftanding Lake, they killand flea their
~ wort Horfes; then turning the» Skins infide out, andi well. Liquoring, they
ftretch them open withthe Ribs, which fland like the Bayles of a Tilted Wher-,
ry, and thus furnifh’d, ferves therm for a Boat to carry eight Perfons. When
they take the Field, going to War; not any but mufters three Horles , which
makes their Armies, when drawn.out in Campain, fhéew much bigger than
indeed they are: And though many of them are kill’d in the Wars, or flain
for Food, ‘yer:the European Tartars pay yeatly forty thoufand Horfes tothe Ru/-
fians; from whence Grotivus thus argues, “If America joyns to Tartary, then
“ the Horfes which run wild at Grafs might eafily have found America them-
<<‘ felves, feeking to improve their Pafture, and have gone from one Countrey
“¢ into the other, as it appears, that fince ‘the Spaniards tran{ported Horfes to
“¢ Americas they are difpers’d over the higheft Mountains, out of oneProvjnce
“into the other : |Or if the Straights of Anian run between both, the Tartars
“* never were Navigators ; and fuppole they: had been, they would not have
*¢ crof{s’d without Horfes, without which they knew not how to fubfift. To
which: we only fay hus, That although Tartary now, and in former times,
abounded in Horfe, yet mutt we grant, that it hath been always fo? or that:
the ancient Scythians, who we avouch firft planted America, had fuch frequent
wfe of them asthe Tartars now. This may be controverted, for that thefe
Scythians planting thete in the Non-age of Time, prefently 2fuk the Flood,
the ufe of Horfes was unknown, which the Ancient Poets teftifie by their Fi-
étion of Centaurs, who when fir feen, the Horfe and Rider were taken for
one Creature. The like miftake the Mexicans had, when they faw the mount-
edA Shanes ds,a thoufand running away from one Gayalier.
.
Ns
.
 Chap. Ili AMERICA 43
Asto their coming thither of themfelves, ic may eafily be.confuted: Whe
knows not, that thereisno Countrey a continu’d Pafture, but luxurious Vales
feparated with inacceflible Monntains, Lakes, and valt Wilderneffes. But Da-
vid Ingram relates, ‘‘ That he faw fome Horfes in the Northern America, which
“ the Mexicans, and other Conguefts of the Spaniards never heard of: -Where-
upon we may conclude, and we fuppofe without all peradventure, That the
Americans have absolutely their Original from Tartary, which bordering Jrme-
nia, where Noah's Ark firft refted, hath a convenient way, though beyond the
Artick Circle, through a temperate Climate betwixt Heat and Cold, to Cathay,in
the fame Parallel with the neighboring. America.
, » Bea SR RCE ae i Se ;

SRS OSESSeS i Sie SiSe aS SSR eS S'S Se Si ie ee

CHAP. TIL.
Firf Difcoverers ofAmerica. . Chriftopher Colonus ©.
sah bis. Expedition. Sea :
een Golowns:s otnerally (though. by miftake) call’d Columibird tas
‘Pet Bizar? Res Genoen,
born in Arbixolo, a; Village in the Dominion of Genoa, near Savona : his cr
' Father liv’d by Fifhing,in the Midland-Sea : So that Sebaftian Schroter,
Lib. 11, Hil, Georg,
and others: befides him, are miftaken, faying, Colonus was born in the City Cucts
reum, and defcended of the Noble Family Piliftrelli ; For Peter, Bezarus; Colonus
his Countreyeman; gives unqueftionable Proofs of his mean Extract; and
Cn iPoph, Colonus’s Birth,
amongftxother things, That the Common-wealth of Genoa refus’d to:receive
the great Legacy which Colonus. left them in his Will, becaufe, they fondly
thought ita derogation to theit Honor, being fo great,a Republick, to take
any thing of Bequeft from a Fifhers.Son ; Yet his Majelty of. Caftile thought
otherwife,»not| onely enriching him with Wealth, and a fair Revenue for his
Difcoveryof the We/t-Indies ; but alfo, though of a low derivation, rais'd him ~
to great Honor, Ennobling him the firft of his Family with Dignities, Titles,
and Efcutcheon,, which rank’d him in place among his Prime Nobility,
Colonius, whom we fhall henceforth call Columbus, {pent his. Youth near the Hig Life;
Sea, where -he was bufie exploring the Winds, confidering their Natures, and
. the Quatters whence they rofe, efpecially with the fetting of the Current from
the Atlantick to the Mediterrane.. The Weftern, Winds, which often,as well as the |
Levant; blow feveral days together from the great Ocean, ‘much amufing him,
hinted atlaftfome Notions, that there might be another World, and new Pla-
ces to be difcover’dyibeyondthe fetting of the Sun; and that the Ne plus altra
fhould not be,-if he could-help ir, the commanding Terminaryof the Earth
thatiway.\Heiallo {pent mutch time, being ofafolid Judgment; in the Emen-
dationsf Charts and Maps, then very muchim provable >. And the Portuguefe,
who at=that time had gor the ftart in Navigation from all other People, being
then bufie:to finda way by the South of Africa to the Fajt-Indies, not contented
to goby hear-fay, he went himfelf in Perfon a Voyage with them. Soon afs
ter Columbus fettled himfelf in the Mland Madera, where an Accident hapned,
Strange Acciden:,
which Francis Lopex, de. Gome/a relaces thus: «« The. Mafter of.a Ship,whole ?*™ f.

“«Name and Countrey lies buried in Oblivion (though fome would have him
“tobe of Spain, fome an Andalifian or Bifeayner and, others a Portuguele) Tra-
“ ding to the Canaries and Flemmifh-l/les , was. farptis’d by; ahideous Tempeft
G 2 “© from

Makes his Addrefs at
Genoa,
To the Portuguele,
And Caftitian King, con-
eerning a New World.
Sails from Cadiz to dif
cover New Countreys.
His People rebel.
* Difcove's Hifpaniola.
Trades with the Natives,
AMERICA. Chap. Tf
ugh dreadful Waves,
“ from the Eaft, which hurried him nolens yolens thro
ern Coaft altogether un-
« where at laft he found himfelf ingag'd upon a Weft ’d
her Dilcoveries, he pick
‘known. The Storm ceafing, without making furt
of Madera: All his Crew
“‘ his way homeward, at Jaft Landing in the Haven
Voyage having pe-
‘but three and him(elf, with hardfhip, want, and the long
his Houfe ; where
« rith’d, himfelf dangeroufly fick, was carried into Columbus and
mbus his Maps, Journals,
rf lying on his Death-Bed, he bequeath’d to Colu
mbus being by thefe
“ other Obfervations of this his unfortunate Voyage. Colu
ld in the Weft,
Papers more confirm’d than ever in his Opinion of a New Wor
look’d upon
declar’d what he verily believ’d, to the States of Genoa’, but they
his great Project, thus
him asa vain and idle Fellow ; yet Columbus full of
ddrefs'd himfelf to
flighted and fcornfully rejected, fate not fo down, buta
long time with dila-
the King of Portugal, where they wearied him, {pending
t of expert Naviga-
tory Anfwers, to no effe& ; the Opinion of a whole Cour
Fancy. Soon after
tors having caft his Declaration out, asa Chimera ox meer
nels to King Henry
Columbus fending his Brother into England, to move the Bufi
er’e his Re-
the Seventh, he being taken Prifonerby the way, and lying long
s of Chriftopber’s
leafe, came too late to the Englifh Court, prevented by the New
n while Ferdinando
return with Succefs from his intended Voyage : For mea
Moors, had fur-
and J/abella King of (aftile, having finifh’d his Wars with the
by the favor of Alfonfo
nifh’d him out for the Expedition ; “which he effected
e under Ferdinand
Mendotio and Alfonfo Quintavilia, both great Minifters of Stat
a hundred and
and J/abél, and obtain’d fo much at laft, that he was fent with
Pinnace. Thus fup>
twenty Souldiers, befides Sea-men, in two Ships, and one
fourth of .dugu/t,
plied, he'fet Sail from Cadiz ‘upon the Kings account the
front thence fteering
Anno 1492, and firft reach’d ‘the CanaryzIflands , and
one Point: But
South-Weft, thé Wind in thirty three days f{carce varying
chang’d their Minds,
though the Weather blew fo conftant, yet the’ Seaemen
y of all their
and Stormi’d quite ‘contrary, crying, That Columbus was guilt
ies {o many days,
Deaths: For (faid they, after they had loft fight of the Canar
conclufton
nothing appearing but Sea and Sky) Who can hope for any Succefs or bappy
danger 2
offo defperate a Voyage, fo rafhly undertaken, and found now [0 full of emiment
ions, although
Yet (columbus bore bravely up, and weather’d all their Exclamat
to this
they thteatned ‘no lefs than his Murder : At Jaft Articling, they came
Land were difcover'd;
Agreement, That if after failing forwards three days more, no
they fhonld return: But about two a Cloc next Nighit, Columbus faw a glims
thek
lf clofe aboard
mering like Fire in the Sky, and in the Morning found himfe
ereéted'a Crofs
a'moft ‘pleafant’ Coaft, where Landing with twelve’ Men, he
h,
cut out of a Tree: Thence he fail’d over to Cuba, where the Seaiwasforoug
Water. Soon after
that he was fore’d to ftand off, fearing Rocks and Shallow
aniola : Here
he got to the Northward of the Ifland Haytm, which he call’d Hii/p
all perifh’d; had it
his beft Ship was bulged upon a Rock, on which they: had
of Sea-men
riot beeit'fat on thetop, fo that the Soldiers and the whole Crew
were fav'd by the two Veffels. The Inhabicants flark naked, feeing thefe
n,they en-
trangers, fled to the Woods ; but the Spaniards overtakinga Woma
_ tertain’d her with Sweetemeats and Spanifh Wine, and putting heron a white
fhe told what
Shirt, fent her again to the reft of the Natives, where return’d,
eupon divers of
good Entertainment fhe had had to her Companions ; wher
made of one piece of
the Iflanders came aboard of the Spaniards, in Boats
s, Shells,
Wood, where they barter'd Gold for Beads, pices of Glafs, Knive
and
 Chap. Il. $§ AMERICA. ay
and other Trifles. The King of Guaccanarillo gave teftimony of peculiar incli-
nation to the Spaniardy, helping them to Fifh up the remaining Goods~of the
Wreck, and inform’d them, That fome Rivers flowing from the tops of high
Mountains, wafh’d down the Gold amongft the Sands notwithftanding a
ftrange Prophecy had been told to thefe Iflanders, namely, That Bearded Men
out irremote Countries fhould deftroy their Goods, take their Land,and maffacre their Chil-
dren. He alfo told them what made them fly, and Bivake them to their Heels
at thearrival of the Spaniards, becaufe they were oftentimes furpris’d by the
(annibals, who {natch’d up all they could lay hold on : Their Boys and Strip-
lings they gelded, cooping and cramming themup, as we our Capons, for
Feafts : The young and well-grown Men they chopp’d to pieces, falted, and
Barrel’d up :Young Women they preferv’d for breed, and old ones they:made
Slaves. Thele Cannibals were fo terrible to the Inhabitants of Haytin, that a
thoufand of them durft not venture to engage againft ten, but’ would run eve.
ry way, difpers’d like Flocks of Sheep before the Wolf.
Laftly, Their King permitted the Spaniards to build a Lodge or Hovel,
wherein thirty or forty of them might fhelter, but indeed fo taking poffeffion
in right of the King of Spain.
Meanwhile Columbus retuirn’d in fafery to Spain, and was receiv’d with great Returns to Spain,
joy, King Ferdinand making him Admiral of the Sea, and fending his Brother Is highly honor’d,

Bartholomew Governor to Haytin, now call’d Hifpaniolas. The Gold, Parrots,

Mattick, Aloes, the ftrange Bread Fucca, whofe extracted Juyce is sank Puyfoli,
but the Body fakes good Meal, which kneaded and bak’d, yields a fine Man-
chet and wholefom Food, they look’d upon with great delight and admirati-
on; but two of the Waiuss being naked, with Gold Rings through their No-
fes and Ears, Ornaments with themof high: efteem, and fignifying their no
mean Quality, the People old and young came in Throngs to wonder at, ne-.
ver weary of gazing uponthem. But the King, encourag’d by this Succefs,
took no dilatory Courfe, but fuddenly, and before any could expect, buite
fourteen ftout Carvels, and three Frigats, and as foon mann’d them with Goes with feyenteen Sail
a fecond time to Hifpaniota
twelve hundred Bialdlicte,befides a great number of Artificers of all forts, with
their Wives and Children; freighting them with Horfes, Swine, Goats, Cattel
for Breed, all forts of European Corn to fow, Fruit-Trees and Vines to plant,
and fome Priefts toinftrua& and convert the Natives'to their Religion:
The fecond of September, Anno 14.93. they fer fail from Cadiz, and Anchor’d
before Ferreo, the laft and furtheft-of the Canary-Iflands, where they could get
ne Water, hae what dropp'd from the Dew hanging on Trees into Troughs.
After thaty. Columbus came on the one and twentieth day amongft the Caribby-
Iflands, where he dropp’d Anchor before one, which he call’d Dominico ; but The Barbadoes, Ss. Chris
foplers, Se,
finding ic defolatep fet fail further, and difcover’d feveral other Coafts, whiére
he likewife found nothing but very great Porcupines or Hedg-hogs, and {weet-
{melling Trees. Steering forward, he found the Coafts of the Cannibals, which
inhabited: along the Shore in little Huts or Hovels, built round of Wood, The Huts of the Cannibals,

and ftak’d about on the out-fide with long Poles, like Palifado’s: They have
alfo Pofts within, which are fhorter, pleiced and faftned together with Cot-
ton, orlong Roots of Trees, plyant like our Ofiars, over which they hang
Cloths painted with horrible Figuresand ftrange Reprefentations :The Roofs
rife like our Canopy’d Tents, bigheht in
i the middle, cover’d with Palm-Tree
Leaves to kecp off the Rain: At the Entrances hang two Hairy Images on
Poles, not for Religion fake, but Ornament: Their Bed-fteads being high
from
 A MERIC. Chap. HT)
from the Ground, are fill'd with a kind of Straw; and in long Hovels ficted
for that purpofe they ftore their Sugar. | |
Columbus landing here, found all the Cannibals fled, but their Houfes full df
Stone Veflels, Cruifes, Pans, and Pots, boyling with Mens Flefh, Parrots, anf
Wild-foul’; the Hanches and Sides of young Men, on Spits roafting at the
Fire, with the Splinters of whofe broken Bones they headed their Arrows.
Ifland Guadalupe, This Iland by the Inhabitants. call’d (arucueria, Columbus chang’d to Guadalupe, -
. becaufe the Mountains rife up with their tops not unlike Eftremadura in Spain,
famous there for the wonderful Reprefentation of our Lady, as that of the
Lady of Loretto in: Italy. Thirty Women which he had taken from the neighs
boring Ifles, he fent with Prefents to the fled Canibals, which the next day re-
turning, made a great appearance near the;Shore, but when they had gaz’da
while upon the Spaniards, looking ftedfaftly on one another, they fuddenly ran
back again, fheltring themfelves in the Covert of the Woods. Columbus think=
ing it not worth his while to expeé their return, feeing their barbarous Life,
burnt: and deftroy’d all their Boats, and fpoiling whatever he could, fail’d to
Matanino. i
Strange Womeh invtae . ‘Lhe releas’*d Women in Guadalupe, that came back again, inform’d the Spani-
vee ards, That Matanino wasan Ifle onely inhabited by Women,which at accuftom’d
times row’d over to thefe Cannibals, where a while they drove a Trade and
Commerce of Love, the Produét of which, if Girls, they kept ; but the Boys
they fent over to their Fathers. They live in Caves, the Mouths and Entrancés
of which they maintain and ftoutly make good with: their Bowe, fhooting
Arrows as thick as Hail at the approach of Men, after their impregnating by
the Camiibals. |
From hence the Fleet pafs’d by feveral other fruitful Mands, Columbus giving
them the Names of Mont/eratto, Rodondo, St. Martin, Santa (ruz formerly by the
Inhabitants call’d yaya. On this laft Ifland he landed thirty Men; who took
four Women, which held out their Hands before them, as if Petitioners that
bege’d Quarter, or praying, and then conceal’d themfelves in Ambufcade, the
better to furprize more; when by chance they {pied “ah Indian Canoo at Sea,
_, Remarkable Paflage of (with eight Men, and as many Women; whereupon thofe in Ambufcade
Vena made a Signal to the next Ship, which immediately fent off fome Boats well
Mann’d.; but before they drew nearthem, ot expected an On-fet,'one of the
Spaniards was kill’d,and another wounded with their, Arrows ;amongft whom
a Woman, to whom all the reft fhew’d greateft Refpect and Reverence, aim’d
very exactly. Their barbed Shafts were poyfon’d ;- whereupon the Spaniards
enrag’d, ftemm’d the,(anoo, and overfetting, row’d quite over ;. which little’or
nothing avail’d . |for they all {wam, and though feparated, fhot their Arrows
at them, as if the Boat had been a But....Ar. laft the Indians.got upon a blind
Rock, ‘cover’d with Shole Water, which gave them frefh Courage ; but the
Spaniards having more aid {ent them from the Fleet, took them all Prifoners ;
but, the Queens Son being wounded.in the Scuffle; and dying foon after, was
Syed of the Iie thrown overboard. The Prifoners being brought before Columbus; foam’d at
the Mouth for raging madnefs; and being afterwards carried to Caftile, fo ree
tain’d their fierce and falvage Nature, that they {car’d away and frighted the
fafe Beholders, : : |
Mean while the Spanifh Fleet proceeded on their Voyage, between feveral
Iflands, to Hifpaniola, of which fome appear defolate and barren, others green
and Woody ; the fmall Veflels failing clofe underthe Shore, and the great ones
ftanding
 Chap. ll. a) AMERICA i ogee
ftanding further off at Sea, which was very turbulent, and beat ekecedisiply
againtt chic Shole Rocks. The Ifland Burichema, Columba call’d St. Johns, to
which belong’d fome of the Women fent forth in Guadalupe,’ who inform’d
them, That Burichema was well inhabited by a kind and hofpitable People;
‘ who when the Camibals landed there fought them, and if Conquerors, were
fo much exafperated with their inhumane Barberifme, that they leiz’d on them
like Maftiffs open-mouth’ d, and tore them piece-biel with their Teeth ; yet
themfelves abhorring the Cuftom of eating Mens Fleth. Here the Sigsiayds
found onely a large Houfe, furrounded with twelve leffer ones, all deferted;
for the Inhabitants .with their King Chiafichio,were then. retir ‘into die cool
and more fheltring Woods, from the mid-day Heat. ‘All this the Indians told
him, which he brought back withhim from Spain. Coming to an Anchor at
Hifpaniola, -he fent one of the Indians afhore, that he might tell what brave Pe comes
toBB:
things he had feen in the’ Spanifh Court ; but che remaining three took the ad-
vantage of the following Night, and Jeaping over-board,fwam to Shore. But
this Accident he not much-regarded, trufting to have a fufhicient Account from
his eight and thirty Spaniards which he had left in the Fort upon theIfland;
and the more, becaufe King Guaccanarillo’s brother, in fign of Friendthi Ps had
prefented him withtwo Golden Images: But all thele Conjectures fail’d him,
fo that hearing nothing, he landed, where he found the Spani(h Stonomntell meme tie Y peeleeeene
deftroy’d, and the Royal Fort Yugnt downto the Ground, and lying ina heap
of Afhes. Then they fired feveral Guns, to give notice, that if any of them
had conceal’d themfelves, and lay sculking in the Woods, or otherwife, they
fhould difcover themfelves, and come to the fuccour of their Friends ;, But all
invain, for none came ;- for as they were afterwards inforin’d, the Inhabitants
had flain them, becaufe of their infupportable behavior, infolently commit-
ting Robberies, Rapes, and Murders : Hereupon he fent Meflengers to the
King Guaccanarillo, to inquire why they had fired his Fort, -and what they had
done with his ‘Men, who brought him this Retura, That over that mighty
Ifland were many Princes, of which two being provok’d by the reports of the’ |
Strangers that were entertain’d in the Mland, came marching upon them, each
with their Armies; but that he endeavor'd what he could, and came with a
Power, to, affift the Strangers ; yet all he got for his Kindnefs, was a Wound in
his Leg, which had been fo fore and troublefom, that fore’d him to keep his
Bed, and;tio lefs than feven Concubines to. attend him, and drefs the Wound:
But he told his Fale fo ill, and feign’d his Lamenefs worfe, that Sibilims, one
of the Meflengers fent by Canthied, lifting up the Coverlet, faw that hie:ail’d
nothing; which foon. confirm’d bis doubt, that he was gonfederated with the
reft, and alike guilty of the Slaughter. At laft Guaccanarillo being defir’ d, came
in Rein to Columbus, in whofe prefence. he held’a long Difcourfe oaithaty Ita.«His Ditcourfe with ee
- “dian Woman), which they had brought from the Ifland of Scnta Gu%, there “""™"™
Chriftned by the Name of Catharine: At length Guaccanarillo was difmils’d, and
the Night following this Catharine, with feven more of the Indian Women,
leap’d over-board, and {wom almoft a League to Shore, fo.going thence di-
rectly to their King Guaccanarillo. This Accident gave more {ufpicion to Co-
lumbus, who-thereupon fent three hundred Men, commanded by Melchior, Hie
eda, and Gorvalano, to march through the Ifland three feveral ways, and with
Gecial Commiffion to fecure as their Prifoner Guaccananillo. Melchior difcover'd
_ awide River, full of Reaches and winding Bays, gliding between high Hills
coverd with Woods, refounding with the ecchoing noifes of harmonious
Birds,
 | AMERICA. Chap. HE
Birds, and difemboguing his’ Waters, enlarg’d by two other Rivers, into the
Sea, fo making a convenient Harbor for Ships. Herea hundred of the Hland-
cts, well Arm’d after their manner, met them, crying aloud, We are no Cannis
bals, but Taynos, that is, a People more civil than they are cruel. The Spaniards ma-
king Signs of Peace, the Taynos approach’d; and joyn'd their Forces ina friend+ _
ly manner. Neat the, place of this Meeting appear’d a Houfe buileinan Oval’
fafhion, being thirty two Paces in the Circumference, the Roof curioufly-
pleited of divers colour’d Rufhes,round about which ‘ftood thirty leffer Dwel-
lings. Mean while; in his Match Hoieda difcover'd'a River that defcended
from a high Mountain, where the Inhabitants gather’d much Gold after this
Strange gathering of Gold. manner: They dig a Hole about two Foot deep ; then taking up their left
Hand full of Sand, with their right Hand they cull out the precious Ingots,
which little accounting of; as they gather’d, they dealt away to the Spaniards.
Moft of ‘the Pieces were as big as Peafe, yet fome fo large} that they weigh’d
Duast. Deora.) nine Ounces. Peter Martyr, Councellor to the Emperor Charles, tells us; That?
he hath feen of them in the Spanifh Court, that were brought over thither by
Columbus. ‘Moreover, Hoieda was inform’d hete, That'this Gold-Rivér took
its Original in the Province belonging to (acicus Caunaboa, fignifying, The King’
of the Golden Palace. Rit , 2 8 as ] t
Celumbns builds a City. Mean time Columbus fele&ted a piéce of Ground on arifing Hill; on the
North part of the Ifle, where he intended to build a City; becaufe clofe by
the Hill‘on one fide rifes a Mountain, pregnant with Stone and Chalk ; on thé
other, a Plain, fo exceeding fruitful and pleafant, that the Sun {carce fhines
upon a more delightful and fertile Soil, which they found afterwards by ex-.
perience. Here Melons are fet and ripe in thirty fix days; Corn, in two
Strange fruitfylnefs there.
Months ; twicea Year the Trees and Plants bring forth their feveral Pro-
ducts ; the Vines come to maturity, and are loaden with Clufters of Grapes, in’
two Year's, and Sugar-Canes grow as thick as a Mans Armin fifteen days. On
this pleafant Soil, accommodated with a convenient Haven, Columbus afters -
wards buile the City Ifabella, fortified with Wallsand Trenches againft all In- —
vafions, over which he. made his Brother Bartholomew Columbus firft Governor.
Mean while the Admiral Colambus himfelf march’d up into the Countrey
with three hundred Men, in queft of the Gold Mines. Seventy two Leagues
- the Valley Cibava lies diftant from Ifabela, to which Columbus pafs'd over fwift
Currents and high Mountains, wherehe built a Fort, which he call’d
St. Thos
mas ; and exchang’d.with the Inhabitants Toys and Trifles, for Pieces and In-
gots of Gold, which the Inhabitants, as before-mention’d,
found in the Sand
of their Rivers: And befides, they inform’d him, That about half a days
Journey further, greater Quantities of Gold were to be found, ina browner
colour’d Soil :, Whereupon Luxanus, one of his Officers, was fent with a fuf-
ficient Party thither, who march’d through a delightful way, cool’ with fhady
Boughs, and pleafant with the profpect of {pacious Meadows, where they
mow’d Grafs for their Horfes, whichin four days time grew up again higher
than our talleft Wheat. air i eit
Goes to Seato difeover. Meearrtime Columbus sbeing return’d with great Riches to his new City Tfabele
new Coustreys. la, went foon after by Sea , with three Veffels, to difcover new Countreys
more remote; which his Defign fell out alfo fuccefsfully , for he fell firft up.
on Jamaica, where he found more ftout Oppofition than elfewhere, by the Nae
tives, athis Landing ; but finding themfelves over-powerd , they came to
Agreement, and accepting an amicable Compofure, prefehtly {truck up a’
| Peace.
 Chap, Hi. AMERICA, | 49

Peace. Fionn hea cmising to Bea, he next dilcover d Cuba, which failing
round about, he found alfo tobe an Wand , where Landing in a convenient
Harbor, on each fenc’d with a high and jutting Rock, he efpied two little Hos
vels, sehecetp was abundance of Fifh, befides two great Snakes or Serpents,
each having eight Feet, {pitted, and scidy to be laid to the Fire to be roafted;
but neither Man, Woman, nor Child .to be feen, they being gone with part of
the Fith they had drefs'd, into the adjacent Woods; whither the Spaniards
following, faw hanging by fmall Strings, on the Beaitchct of Trees, abundance
of Snakes, fome of which had their Mouths tied together, others their Tongue
and Teech pull’d out. Hence marching on, ja little beyond they faw a.Com-
pany of the Natives,which they judg’d to im about feventy Men scovering the
top or fummit of a Hill, to whom the. Spaniards made Signs , and to.entice
them near, fhew’d feyeral of. their gawdy Trifles; butinvain, till at laft one
adventur’ ddcheading from the Hill,to whom one of the Natives (who in the
fir Voyage that the Admiral made, ,was taken fromthe Ifland. Guanabaini near
Cuba, carried to Spain, and there Chriftned) call’d aloud, telling him they need
not fear, they fhould.haveno harm,done, them which, faid, they came down
all together, andiaform’d them, .That they Wesel fent by their King ‘to catch
Fifh for another King swhich was with him at Dinner; and if they had hot
€aten-the Serpents, they gavé'them) many thanks, for they were provided for
the fecondCourles and very {carce to be gor, being 4 greater Dainty.than any
Fith.
- Columbus from hence} proceeding on further Weftward, difcoyer’d a fruite Ditcavers ot without
fal.Goaft; verging the Mouth of a. River, whofe Water runs boyling hot into Rewcouneae
the Sea, ‘Goinewhat further he {aw very as Fifhes, e{pecially the Guaican,
not unlike an Eel, but with an extraordinary great Head, over which hangs a
Skin likea Bag. This Fifh isthe Natives Fifher ; for haying a Line ot hand-
fom Cord faftned about him, fo foon asa Turtel, or any other of his Prey,
comes above Water, theygive him Line; whereupon the Guaican, like an Ar-
H row
 eA MERICA. Chap. Il.
row out of a Bowe, fhoots towards the other Fifth, and then gathering the
Mouth of the Bag on his Head like a Purfe-net holds them fo falt, that he lets
not loofe till hal’d up out of the Water.
Here the Spaniards having Din’d on delicate Fifh, went on ftill Weltward,
and came to an uninhabited Ifle, but well ftor’d with Geefe, Pelicans, and ugly
Dogs that could not bark. Here they came amongft {o many Shoals, that the
Keels of their Ships raked upon the Ground almoft forty Leagues together,
the Water thick and white like Milk. Laftly,they came again into deep Water,
and Landed at the Foot of a high Mountain, on the Ifland Cuba ;where Ais
found two Springs of very {weet Water. A Mufqueteer :going inti the Woods
whilft the reft fill’d their Veflels with Water and cut Wood, he {pied a tall
Man in a Coat like a white Fryer’s Frock ;behind whom cametwo more, and
foon after thirty more follow’d, all tile Habited : the Mufqueteer running
away, they beckned him to ftay, but he march’d off; and informing Colambue
of his Adventure, he fenta Party well Arm’d to fee Farchersinto the Countrey;
but they neither fay nor heard any Men, onely found on the other fide of the
Wood a great Plain, but fo overgrown with deep Grafs, that it was impoffible
to get through: The next day he {ent out twenty five more, which found no-
thing elfe thanthe Prints of the Steps of great Beaftsand Lyons, and alfo
abundance of large Grapes, which hung on the Branches of Vines, clafping
about the Bodies of the great Trees.
Hence’ (olumbus again ‘putting to Sea, and Sailing Wefterly, found a Shore
overflow’d with Water, ‘and abounding with Pearl-Mufsles, and after that the
whole Countrey full of Mountains, whofe tops fmoaked. By this time the
Fleet was much damnified by the Shole«water,where, as we mention’d before,
they often ftruck, and their Keéls rak’d upon the-Ground; fo that having
{prung feveral Libaki: and their Provifions growing mouldy with the Damp,
they were forc’d to return;. and’ Packing: about they rannagainit Purtles,which
lay as thick in the Sea‘as ifthey had been fow’n.
Columbus now on his retiirn'home; and: Landing once more on Cuba, found
an antient Man ftark naked} who {peaking to him (Didacus USED ret, the
Language iin fome part agreeing with that of Hii[paniola) to this effegt:
You'bave' to all admiration come to fee this Countrey from another World;‘my advice to
‘you is, That you hurt’ none, for'the' Souls of evil-doers' go to'dark places : But on ubecone
trary, they fhall enjoythe heighth of all Plea/ures that are Friends:to Peace.
‘Coltimbus reply’ d, That he' came a Scourge for the cruel nnilaley, i a Shield to
proted. the quiet and boli hie lind Indians:
)
Great
Eifpaniola,
difturbance in +
After this, returning to‘ Hispaniola,’ much contrary to’ his expectation, he
foundvall-things which he had “fetled thére tutn’d topfie-turvy : for firft the
‘Govetnoys at Habel jangled,. and'were’at’private contentions amoneft them-
felves, and the Benédiétine Monk ‘Boilus ‘and’ Peter Margarites were’ return’d to
‘Spain, ick to make'their coinplaints at Court: and befides,’ the’ Spaniards had
dealt very inhumanely. with the Natives,by their frequent Rapes, Thefts, and
Muirders ; wherefore the: Indians, not unjuftly incens'd, deftroy’d allithe Spania
ards they found ftravling’ in any‘pare without the Lines of their Fortification.
Canndbda: alfo lay’ about’“ihe Foit St. Thomas, and clofely befiieged Hoiedd’:. but
receiving intelligence of Columbus’s arrivals hebroke up his Siege; anid aardh *d
from there, but foon after was taken Priforier by the Spaniards.«. Mean while
upon Défign (a Plot none.of the wifett) the Natives of Hijpaniola had neither
Till’d or Sow’d the Ground; or'tis'd Agriculture the-year before, contriving
by
 Chap. IIT. AMERICA. 51
by want of Provifions (not confidering themfelves) to ftarve out the Spaniards :
_ but the mifchief fell upon the Contrivers; for fo great a Famine hapned, that
{preading over the whole Countrey, in a few Moneths fifty thoufand were
ftarv'd to death ; but the Spaniards made a faving, though hard fhift with their
own ftore, then, though too late, the Iflanders repented of their folly, for they
{aw the Spaniards making an advantage of their mifery, not onely built more
Houfes in their City Ifabella, but prepar’d their Weather-beaten Veflels, with
which Sailing to the Gold Mountains of Cipangi on the Hill, whence {prung
feveral Fountains, they rais’d the Caftle of the Conception. Great benefit they
reap'd by this Fort, to which they carry’d daily abundance of Amber, Brim-
ftone, mix’d Ore of Silver and Gold,and Brazile-wood, befides great ftore of
Gold: and they might haye gotten ten times more,had they not been fo much
inclin’d to flothfulnefs, and minding other vain pleafures : yet notwithftand-
ing all, the Fleet carry’d that year above one thoufand two hundred pound
weight of Gold to Spain. | |
In the mean while the Natives complain’d to Columbus of the Spanifh Soldi- Spaniards tyrannife there).
ers, which under pretence to {eek for Gold, committed many infufferable Out-
rages ; therefore they defir’d that they might be retain’d in their Forts, and not
ftraggle fo much abroad, and they would willingly bring them every three
Moneths a certain weightofCotton, Amber, Brazile-wood, and Gold, more
than equivalent to what they fnatch’d’; but Columbus (whofe Soldiers, not-
withftanding his feverity, and ufing Martial Law. upon fome of them for
@heir Crimes, and proud with their fuccefs) yet prevail’d at laft, that they
confented thereto ; but the Inhabitants never perform’d their promife, who
being almoft famifh’d, had much to do to prefervethemfelves alive; {pending
their time in picking Sallads.
© Whilft the Bufinefs remain’d in this ill pofture, or rather confufion, Cibanus, Their Cor queft.
Brother to the imprifon’d Caunaboa, rais’d an Army of five thoufand Men :
the Spaniards, divided into five Companies, march’d to meet him; and. their
Enemies being naked, 'and having no other Arms than Bowes, Arrows; and
Clubs, afterfome little refiftance, were foon diffipated and put to flight, but
overtaken by the Spanifh Horfe, many of them were taken Prifoners, and others
forc’d to skiilk and hide themfelves on the tops of Mountains.
'® Shortly after this Battel hapned a Huricane, mix’d with Thunder-claps, Horible Tenipeft,
fFenting great’ pieces from the Rocks, and the Wind blowing out of the Eaft,
threw down Houfes and Trees, fome of which were catry’d a vaft heighth in-
to the Air; three Ships that rode in the Harbor, broke their new Cables, and
fplit.againft the Rocks: ‘The Spaniards expected noughr elfe, but that with this
exceflive Tempeft the Day of Judgment’ was at hand. And’on the other fide,
the Iflandets alctibed this raging of Heavens to the Spaniards wickednefs. This
Storm paft,and the Air fetled Columbus gave order for thg building of two new
Ships there, with which in March, Aino 1495. he retutn’d’ to Spain , where in
Medina del Campo he gaye an account at the Court ‘about the difcover’d Coun-
treys ;where alfo Sentence was pafs'd on feveral ‘Spaniards; and chiefly con-
cerning the Benediétine Monk Boils, who out of meer malice pafs'd by him at
Mafs with the Hoft, while he gave'it to others, without any diftindion.
Then he gave a further account, that his Brother Bartholomew had found, fixty
A rematkable pa fage
Leagues beyond Jfabella, {everal deep Pits, the uppermof Ground of which Concerning Bartholemie
Columbus,
Sifted, produced abundance of Gold. “Moreover, that he had built the Cafle
Aurea there in three Moneths time with little trouble : bit bedaufe Provifions
Pe icy H 3 grew
 r ”~

grew {carce there, he found himfelf necefGtated to remove, but left cen Menin
the Garrifon, and had fent three hundred of the Iflanders with their Governory °
to Spain, He alfo built the Caftle Dominico, on the South-fide of Hispaniola
from whence he had travell’d into the.Countrey to the River Naiba; where;
upon this Shore the King Beuchio Anacauchoa Encamp’d himfelf againft, the Nai-
bans, to bring them, befides feveral other People, under his fubjection. That
Bartholomew demanded Tribute of Anacauchoa, whichhe immediately promis’d
to pay, and disbanded his Forces, conducting Bartholomew above thirty, Leagues
on his Way, along a Path on, both fides fown with Hemp, and planted with
Bin seen of a Cotton-Trees, to his Palace Xaraqua, in the Weft of Eiispaniola, where he was
a received in great ftate: Thirty of the Kings Wives walk’d before, carrying in
their Hands Boughs of Palm-trees, and both Sung and Danc’d very ftrangely, 2
behind.thefe came-a confiderable number of naked Virgins, very handfom, at
laft Bartholomew entring the Palace with, the King, found a Table furnifh'd with
all manner of Dainties, and.avery courteous. Entertainment, The. next, day:
walking forth.co a large Plain,and)looking about he faw two Parties that-deeps
ly engag’d.in Fight behind a, Hill, with, great flaughter on both fides, and had
nothe, defir’d that they might be parted,there had been much more Blood ‘fhed.
After he had been feveral days friendly.entertain’d, he return’d, to- the Forts
Hfabella; Sperancia, Catharina, St..Jago, Turrita, Conceptiony,amd Dominico ; where-he
found above three hundred.Spaniards, ftarv'd of hunger, -befides many-that wete
fick. | Par At ts He .
At that time Guarionexius having been apprtelsd by-the Spaniards, and a long
‘time watching for an opportunity, now thinking he had foundpit,' rais’d.ag
Army, of fifteen thoufand Mea, with which he.wasirefolv’d to try. his fortune
againftiColumbus ; who privately receiving ,intelligence thereof, fell upon, hint
fo ona fudden andwnexpectedly, that he fpoil’d his Defign; and, took-all his
Commanders Prifoners: But to,obligetheImbabitants; who begg'd for their
King, Columbusfet him at liberty, advifing him to be careful of raifing, a War
| againft
 op TERCERA. 4

at.
gb =a ed ee Doe yea 2 c
ee eeeTe
L-
 Chap. If. AM EK Z. 53
againft himany more. .But he not being able to endure the oppreffions of
_ Roldanus Ximenex, a Spanifh Commander, fled: to»the wild Ciquano’s, defcended
from the Canibals; and living on fteep Mountains : Of thefe he defir’d° aid
againft the Spaniards, and obtain’d not onely their Promife, but fome Men,
with which he robb’d and pillag’d the Countrey round about, and what Spa-
nidrds he met with he kill’d, and with:his Men did. eat, as if a° Venifon Feaft.
Mean while Ximenez made himfelf Leader of feventy Rebels, which like raging
blood-hounds fell upon the Natives after a terrible manner.
~ Whilft all things were thus in diforder .at Hispaniola; the Admiral Chriftopher gg thames
Sailthethird
Columbus fet Sail a third time with eight Ships from the Haven Barrameda, in ~~
|
the Year 1498. To fhun the French Pyrates, which watched for the Indian
Treafures, he directed his Courfe to Madera, a fruitful Mand of Corn, W ine,
Sugar, Wax, and Cattel, defolate till Amo 1420. Here coming to an Anchor,
he fent fix Ships away to Aijpaniola; which himfelf afterwards followed with
the remaining two, fteering by the Flemifh Mflands, or Acores, fitft fo call’d
from the Flemings, the firft Planters : Here he dropt: Anchor before: the City
Angra on the Mle Tercera, which is fixteen Leagues in circumference, and Vey _ Defcription of the City
Mountainous; the tops whereof are like Spires; and abound with Grapes : the rik
Plain Countrey produces great ftore of Corn,but it will not keep above twelve
Moneths. The Ground is oftentimes terribly fhaken by Earthquakes, and
between feveral fulphurous Places, both Flames and Smoak afcend up to the
Sky. Near the City Angra is a Fountain which turns Wood into Stone. The
Winds in this, Place blowfo fierce and ftrong, that they not onely beat down
Houfes, but wear out Iron, and all manner of Stone-work. In Angra the chief
Commander of all the Hlemifh Iles hath his'Refidence. The City, furround-
ed by fteep Rocks, lies towards the Sea like a Crefeent, or HalfMoon ; for
at both ends thereof the Mountains: extend «with deep: Points into. the
Ocean. The uppermoft part towards they Weft ftands likewife fortifi’d by
a high Rock, as alfoby another on: the Eaft:.on both are continual Watches
kept, whereof thofe onthe firft can difcover Ships fifteen Leagues off at
Sea, coming either from the Ea/t or Wef?-Indies =»and on the other, all thofe that
come from Europe: When they fee above fifteen Sail, they put out the Kings
great Flag upon thetop of all the Rock. |
This City of Angrais divided into feveral Streets: the Governor and Arch-
bithop liveeach ina ftately Palace ; five handfom Churches-are.no {mall orna-
ment to it; the Sea before it abounds with Fith, “but are:nor*to be taken: in
December, by-reafon of the turbulent Waves. ae
Chriftophér Columbus having refrefh’d at Angra, Sail’d along the African Coalt ah
between the Hesperides: under the Equinoétial he was fo miferably tormented
by the Heat, ‘that his Veffels feem’d to burn, the Hoops {prung fronv the
Casks, fo that the Water run aboutthe Hold; and they couldexpect nothing
but death from the infufferable Heat, and want of Water: eight days) ‘they
had endur’d this hardfhip, when they met with a fiefh Galeout of the!South-
Eaft, fo that they madegreat Waytowards the Weft. Omthe lat ofFuly/he dif
cover'd three high Mountains , andsapproaching near the Shoré, he fmelvagin
a Pofie,alli the fweet breathings of fragrant Flowers commix’d,/and ac laft faw
a convenient Haven ;-where ‘going afhore: hé foiund| cultivated Grounds; and
fteps of Beafts; but not a‘Man appear'd : the nextday they, fpy’d a Boat with:
twenty young Men come rowing fron the Shore intothe Ovéan.s:: The Admi«
ral hal’d thenv in vain to:come aboard, for they made the greater haftiafhore,
; a Cs. See | {till
 AMER I.C ZA. Chap. HI.
ftill looking about continually with great admiration on the Ships : whereup-
on he commanded themto beat their Drums, and found their Trumpets, that
they might by that means entice them aboard; but they rather taking it ‘aga
fign of War, made themfelves ready for refiftance : mean while the Py |
overtook the Indian Boat, into which they threw a Hat, and other trifles , the
Iflanders amaz’d thereat, made figns tothemto row afhore ; but foon after
they fled. | : ;
(Columbus proceeding on his Journey came to Paria, where he found a Fifk-
ers Pink loaden with Oyfters ; which opening and taking out the Meat, were
Abundance of Pearl, found full of Pearls, which becaufe of their abundance were not regarded
there ; for a broken Difh and a rufty Knife, th eSpaniards had four long Strings
of Pearl, | ; | )
From thence anchoring in the River of Cumana, feveral naked Men came
aboard, adorn’d with Golden Armlets, and Strings of Pearl, Thefe inform’d
him, that they gather’d their Gold from the Mountains and Rivers, and caught
their Pearl-oyfters in the adjacent Seas. Some of the Spaniards were nobly
entettain’d by the King and his Son, who leading them into their Palace, pla-
ced them on Benches of Ebony-wood, curioufly wrought, and on a fudden fe-
veral Servants came in with variety of Dainties, and well-tafted Wine. But
becaufe Provifions grew {carce amongft the Sea-men, and their Meat tainted,
Columbus thought it convenient to leavethe Pearl-tradetill fome better opportus
nity. Then fetting forward,the farther he went,the fhallower he found the Sea,
infomuch that his Ship {carce had Water enough to{wim. This inconyeni-
ence was followed by a fecond;for the Sea being full of Weeds and Grafs,fcarce
fuffer’d any Paflage. A River thirty Yards deep, and twenty Leagues broad,
came rufhing out betwixt two Shores into this Sea with fuch force, that the
Columbus is in great Waves went high like Mountains, which made Columbus judge himfelf in the
danger .
greateft danger imaginable, and withall Tack about ; fo that he came on the
eight and twentieth of Augn/t Anno 1498. toan Anchor before Hijpaniola, where
all things were ftill in a fad confufion, as we before related.
‘ Roldanus Ximenes op- Roldanus Ximenes refus'd to follow Chriftopher Columbus's, order and writ Let-
pofes Columbus.
ters to the King ofSpain,in which he exceedingly afperfed both the Admiral Co-
lumbus and his Brother; who were not backward in giving an account quite
contraty by their Letters, of the horrid Villanies perpetrated by this Ximenes,
and defir'd aid, that fo great an Offender might receive condign punifhment.
Mean while the Ciquano’s came marching down with fix thoufand Men, which
Strange Indians, Bartholomew. went to meet with eighty Foot and fome few Horfe : The Indians
which he was to encounter with, rather feeming like Futies than Men, forall
of them were daub’d over with black fmuts on their bare Skins from Head to
- Foot, and their hard Hair pleited in terrible, not in Lovelocks; hung playing,
or dangling over their Shoulders. When the Spaniards in their March draw-
ing up toa River where it was beft fordable, had no fooner left the Bank, and
taken the Water, endeavoring to: wade over, but the Salvages rufh’d forth out
of the Woods, and let flye a fhowre of Arrows, that had they not been provi-
ded with Shields and Targets, to keep offduch a deadly Storm, fo thick they
flew, and fo wellaim’d, moft of them had perifh’d there: but having te-
cover’d the oppofite Bank, the Enemy play’d all hid, and ina thought fhel-
ter’d themfelves under the protection of the Woods; where the. Conqueror
purfuing,found the Service very difficult and dangerous,for their Armes,efpecis
ally their Shields, topping and intangling them asin a Net, among the Be:
¥s y
 ‘Chap:lih (i MB RAGA. 39
by and twining Branches ;.which they pafling, rigled them{elves, and made
theit way, like quetting, Spaniels following hen Game, and ftill gawling them
with their Arrows :whereupon they left their vain purfuic, marching, another
way to intercept Mayobanexius, who with cight thoufand Cigdano’s were then
coming down againft them ; which provd: a harder. task than was expected:
for e’reshe could “reduce, him and his ftubborn Party, he fpent, three Moneths in
the Service. Ney ast
SECT. LIL.

Bu the great and worthy Service of thefetwo excellent Brothers deferving

rather Statues and. Trophies of everlafting Honor,Monuments never to be
demolifh’d,in their due praife, whohad found out after fo many baffled Ages,
anew World, richer, and not much lefsthan the old, by the afperfing calum-
niations of one joahicioe Perfon, loft. his whole pnunrel: and Credit in the
Spanifh Court, quite out of. favour with his Prince, who by his infiinuations
had hinted fo much the matter pf Gain among Phe Courtiers, that every one
ftudied no lefs than to get. a Commiffion, and fo:going a Gonthandé to the
Indies, make up his Mouth, and become foddinly rich. Firlt Francifco Bombadilla
prevailing, was {ent saith full Commiffion to fucceed Columbus in Hifpaniola;
where no fooner Landing, but he exercis’d the extremity of his Authority, sid
feizing the Admiral and his Brother fetter'd their Hands and Feet,and put them
aboard on two feveral Ships for Spain.: where no fooner arriv’d, but the King,
not. altogether forgetting former Services, commanded them to be unmana-
ea and waited on, notas Prifoners, witha ciyil Retinue to his Court;
where they were well entertain’d three years. But they being active peHons,
aweary of folong repefe, got a fecond,Grant to make farther difcoveries, and Hath very bad fuccefs in
his fourth Expedition,
fer forth.che ninth’ of May, Anno 1504, with: four Sail well appointed from
Cadiz, andshadia fair Paflage fifrom thence to Hiifpaniola,, where begun the Storm.
for Bombadilla, who had by the Kings, Commiffion fo, evil treated Columbus and
this Brother, as.aforemention’d,. would not fufter him, though reconciled to
the King, fo much as to: Land, aad there refrefh.itech (elves and their Men; fo
he was Foe d to fteer on to the Iflands Guamixa, and Veragua, where a Hari
cane, or fudden ftrefs of Weather funk two of hisVefels ; _the-other two ftan-
ding off to Sea efcap’d bilging, but fo, fhatter’d and leaky, having. alfo fhipp’d
abundance. of Water, they were refolv’ d-to putin at Jamaica 5. where weary
swith thedong Voyage, and. hatter’d; with the Tempeh, many ar his Sea-men,
~ Spent withpficknefs, after their Landing, «died. To thefe his {ufferings; from
Wind and, Weather, and his-Enemies, abroad, a gtearer and inteftine milchiee
chapned Francifco Porefin, one: ofhis. chief Commanders, abfolucely rebell’‘d,
-and deferting him, with, another Party of his Sea-men went into Hifpaniola :
which the Iflanders oblerving, refolv’d to famifh him, keeping from him both
Water and all other Provifions.; which. had not Columbus ftayv'd off by a hand-
fom Invention, they: had compleated their Defign, 1which was this :He told
_them thatjhe was the offspring of the Moon,.and. if they refus'd to fupply
‘his want,) the Moon, in vindication of her Son, -would famifh them, by fpoil-
_ing. what.e’re they had planted or fow’ d, and. chat.this would prove true they
Should know by.a fignjthat.on fach.a Night, fhe. rifing iin her full glory,fhould
-firft look red; and afterwards by degrees lofe a great part of her light, which
indeed fo heated being Ecclips’ d; as he could well _prognofticate ; and after
that, they Bie ignorant of the caufe, fuppli'd, him with. all Neceflaries.
But
 56 , AMER, IC A Chap. III.
But Porefio, not able to endure the Sea with his fmall Boats, refolv’d to furs
prize one of the Ships that lay before famaica ;but Columbus fo much preventec.
Fights with Porefius.
him, that meeting him in his return, after a Hot difpute made him his Prifoner.
But thus ended not his faieiRetidies! for the Veflels which he fought in foon
after funk, and no fhip to be found1isJamaica totran{port him thence. Laftly,
he agreed with fome Indian Fifhermen, to carry Didaco Mendoza to St. Dommica,
that there he might hire two Veflels e carry him back to Spain: which De-
fign taking effect, he arrived there in fafety : where after he had refrefh’d him-
{elf at the Spanifh Court, after his fo long and unfortunate a Voyage he fell
fick, and died on the eighth of May 1506. &
Mean while, the Affairs of Hifbaniola grew more out of order: for Bomba-
dilla joyning with Ximenes, refolv’d to hoard up a huge Treafure of Gold,
though with the infinite oppreffion of the Natives: of which King Ferdineisl
having intelligence, fent Nicholas Olanda thither with thirty Sail; who being
nominated Vice-Roy, anchor’d in forty days befote Bisfpuiles No fooner
arriv’d, but Bombadilla and Xtmenes fled, leavifig their vaft Treafure; amount-
ing to ten hundred thoufand Ducats; which guarded with four hundred Spa-
niards intwenty four Ships was fent to Spain: but fo it hapned, that they were
all fwallowed up in the main Ocean, none knowfiig to this day in what La-
titude they were loft. |

Sc T: Wie

Pietto Algoifo Nigno his Voyage. i

Ietro Nigno, encourag’d by fome of thofe that had beén with Columbus at the
Iles of Pearl, Rigg’d out @ Ship at his own charge, with fpecial order in his
Commiflion, that he fhould' not touch on any Coaft within fifty Leagues of
any Place Columbus had formerly difcover’d. Buthe little obferv’d his Orders,
and what he was commanded, for Sailing into the Haven Curiana, he barter‘’d
Shells; Needles; Glafs, and fuch like Trifles,for abundance of peade; which the
Hlindérs brought aboard! for he himfelf Havin but thirty Men, durft not ven
ture afhore. T'wenty ales this bartering Trade continued, Orient Pearls for
DefcriptionofCwriawe. “Toys ;but finding ac laft, that they were acivil and hofpitable People, he
Landed, where ‘they entettain’d him in Hevels built of Wood, and cover’d
with neon before their Doors lay great Hills of Oyfter-fhells, the
Fifh being eaten, ‘ind the Pearls us’d for an ornament , Conies, Hares, Pheas
fants, Pigeons, ‘Géete. Ducks, Deer, and wild Swine: are their ufual Food ,
and Gheir Brezdsis faaide of the Roots of Trees. waBtedves® Curiana abounds with
thick and thady Woods, which refound in the night With the cties and roar-
ings of wild Beafts: iatthough they are terrible fierce and voracious, yet the
Natives ftoutly venture in amongft the thicket of them , arm’d onely with
Bowes and Arrows. The Inhabicants are of Ciraplesion tawny, their Hair
long and cufl’d ; their Teeth they keep:‘white withanHerb, which they con-
tinttally hold betwixt their Lips. The Women PieHform. their bufinels of
Husbandry, |‘Ploughing and Sowing. The Men are Soldiers, following the
bufinefS of War : but if’ Peace their Pxerciles are’ ‘Hunting and Dancing.
They keep annual Fairs, where from all Parts of the Countrey they bring their
Commodities to buy and barter. They have their pols from Canchieta, fix
days Sail Weftward from Cuyiana.
Thicher
 Chap. HT. AMERICA. 57
Thither Nigno next direéted his courfe, and came to an Anchor there on
the firft of Ofober, Anno 1500. The Inhabitants entred aboard without the leat
fhinels, or fear of danger, and brought with them ro barter, Gold, Civer-
Cats, Parrots, and Cotton. | |
_ Thefe People, though fo civil, are extreamly jealous of their. Wives: for
when a Spaniard made addrefS to one of them, and coming fomething clofe,
her Husband ftept in fuddenly between, and feem’d to forbid the Banns. Bur
coafting onward along the Shore from thence to another Ifle, he found Na-
tives far more wild and falvage: for two thoufand in a Body well Arm’d,
ftood ready
to intercept their Landing ; wherefore he thought ic his fafert
courfe to Tack about, and return to Curiana whence he came. :
In his Way not far from thence, he fell amonegft eighteen of the Cannibals _Nigwo Fights with the
Boats, which according to their cuftom had been a Man-ftealing, and now cate
were fo hardy, that fetting upon the Spanifh Ship, they fuddenly clapt him
aboard with their Canous on.all fides ; but being beaten back by the terror of
their Guns, they foon retir’d :yet the Spaniards took one of the Boats with
two Men, all the reft faving themfelves by fwimming. One of the two Men
lay bound Hand and Foot, who told them, that he was to have been kill’d the
next day and eaten, as he faw his Companions, with whofe Fleth they ban-
quetting kept a jovial Feaft. Nigno unbinding the Prifoner, gave him leave
to do what he pleas’d with the taken Cannibal,who falling upon him, cudgel’d
and whipp’d him to death. : | |
o>
Then Nigno in his Way to Curiana touch’d upon the Coaft of Paria, where —Stange Sale
he founda ftrange kind of Salt, which the Sea in tempeftuous Weather cafts on
the Shore, which afterwards hardens by the Sun. This Salt muft be taken up
before any Rain fall, elfe ic melts and {caks away into the Ground ; yet fome-
times grows fo hard as 2 Stone, infomuch that they make Pots and other Vel-
fels of it; which the Parians barter for foreign Commodities.
Nigno not making here any ftay, return’d a fecond time to Curiana, where .
he {pent twenty days in pleafant Paftimes, being Lodg’d in a Noble-mans,
Houle, at whofe Door was fix’d a Cannibals Head, asa Trophy of his Vi-
ctory. He faw thete alfo the dead Bodies of divers eminent Perfons fet drying
at a Fire, fo hardned to be fet amongft their Idols, Stranoc Corps.

At length Nigno fet Sail homewards, and carried with him an’ invaluable
Freafure in Pearls to Spain > but by the way fell out with his Sea-men,
becaufe he kept moft of the Purchafe to himfelf, and would not give them
their fhares, nay more than that, kept back the fifth part from the King;
whereupon being complain’d of by Ferdinando de Vega, Governor of Galicia,
he was put in#Prifon, and at laft fent to the Court, where the Pearls were Nignspurin Pritt.
declared free Prize, becanfe Nigno had barter’d for them at Curiana, contrary
|
to the Kings Orders, not to touch at any Coaft, within fifty Leagues of what
Columbus had dilcover’d. But fince he had no way regarded thofe Commands
to preferve that Pearl-T rade, King Ferdinand fent Governors to (uriana, who
in his Name fhould look after, and employ Men for the catching the Pearl-
Oyfters. Thefe, accompanied with a confiderable number of Soldiers
, befides Cruel dealings in Curi-
fix Monks, forc’d the Inhabitants to furnith them with abundance of Pearl: *:
which oppreffion grew to fucha heighth, that one Morning a great
Party of
them confpiring together, fell fuddenly upon them, moft of them being mafla-
cred :_afcer they had a while infulcingly triumphed over the dead Bodies, and
finifh’d, as they thought, their good work (feafting on their Flefh at a joyful
: I Banquet)
 Banquet) thofe few that efcap’d Sail’d to the Ifland Dominic, the Gover-
nor of which Didacus Columbus, Son to the famous Chrifopher, being incens’d,
immediately fent Captain Ocampo with three hundred Men to Curiana ; where
in his firft fury, without diftin@ion of Sex or Age, he flew all he met with:
But becaufe they themfelves could not follow the rich Oyfter-catching, he
lit-
{par’d fome for that purpofe, whom he commanded to build twenty five
tle Houfes, or Hovels,on the Shore, which he call’d New Toledo. After this they
went on afrefh in their Pearl-fifhing.
Sz oT. V.

The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon.

| He firft of December, Anno 1499. Vincent Pinzon fet Sail with four Veflels
out of the Haven Palos: he had been Commander of a Ship undet
Columbus in his firft Expedition, by which means he got great experience in
Navigation. When he came a little beyond the Hefperides, he was furpris’d by
a great Storm, which inthree days drove him before a plain'‘Coaft; where
Landing, he found nothing but the Footfteps of Men, afd in the night he
faw great Fires, fuch as are generally made in Camps ; about day-break twen-
ty Spaniards march’d thither, whom thirty two Men, arm’d with Bowes and
Arrows, made ready to encounter’; but as they approached, the Spaniards profe
fer’d them Peace, but they refufed all Compofition ; yet having faced one an-
other a while, they retreated without fighting.
After this Pinzon difcover’d a wide, but fhallow River; where Landing, on
a Hill he met a great company of American’ : He, to invite them to Trade,
threw them a Shell; in return for which they caft hima lump of Gold; which
. ’ nee
Pixzon's itrange hight. when the Spaniard-went to take up they all fellupon him, and indeed he
could nor have defended himfelflong, had not fome of his Company quickly
come
 Chap. If. me” ASAD ER OLS. +9
O
ee ° >
'

come in to his {peedy refcue, which occafion’d a bloody Confli&, wherein feves
tal Spaniards were wounded, eight kill’d,and one of their {mall Boats funk ; for
the Americans foright fo valiantly that they purfu’d the Spani{h Ships into the Sea.
Pinzon being atlaft freed of thefe Affailants, got into a frefh-water Sea, caus‘d
by the confluence of many Rivers falling in there :, from hence ke got fight of
the ‘Parian Coaft, and with admiration beheld a ‘Tree which fixteen Men could
not compa{s; Between thefe Trees he fawas ftrange a Monfter, the foremoft A remarkable Beaft,}
part refembling a Fox, the hinder a Monkey, the Feet were like a Manis, with
Fars like.an Owl ; under whofe Belly hung a great Bag,inwhich it carry’d the
Young, which they drop not, nor forfake till they can feed themfelves. .Pinzon
caught one.of them with three Young, which died in the Voyage, but the
Dam he prefented aliye in GranadatotheKing,
This Captain haying Sail’d fix, hundred Leagues along the, Parian Coatt, Great Storm)
in a‘great. Tempeft two of his Carvils in his view were overfet, their Keels
turn’d upward ; the third driven from her Anchor, and the fourth fo. fhaken,
and full of Leaks, that ready to fink they ran her'afhoreto fave their lives; and
though
he efcaped himfelf the danger of drowning, then being afhore, yet he
was no ways freed from far greater inconveniences ; for he faw nothing but
death either for want of Provifions, or barbaroufnefs of the Inhabitants :
whereupon they refolv’d to free themfelves of their miferies by felf-flaughter,
killing one another ; but fome better advifed to fpend their Lives like Chrifti-
ans upon the unbelieving Salvages : Whilft they were in this defperate. condi-
tion, the Storm ceafed, and Providence prefented their fafety, the Ship driving
in before the Wind:, at whichevery one taking frefh courage, they mended
the two fhatter’d Ships as well as they could ; wherein venturing to Sea, and
fetting Sail, they cameon the lalt of September, Avno 1500. into the Spanih
Haven Palos. Be sie :

a | 72% Secr,
 AMERICA Chap.IIT.
Sect. V-

The Expedition of Americus Vefputius.

Ave Velputins 4 Florentine, Commanded four Ships, fitted out at King

Ferdinand’s Charge, fet Sail the twentieth of May, Anno 1497. and refrefh-
_ ing at the Canaries, from thence he fteer’d to Paria, where he fo much gain’d
upon the Inhabitants, that for Pins, Bells, Looking-glaffes, and other Trifles,
they daily brought aboard in Barter great ftore of Gold, the beftof Met-
chandife. | st
The manner of {the Inha-
bitants in Paria, Thefe People, both Men and Women go ftark naked, not fo much as co-
vering their Pudenda ;their Complexion fwarthy ; they fhave off all their Hair,
onely fome Women leave 2 Tuft on their Heads. From their Faces, being
broad and flat, one may judge them to be deriv’d from Tartary ; they much ex-
ceed the Europeans in Running and Swimming, infomuch that the Women of-
_ tentimes without any Boats, or floating pieces of Timber, venttse two or
three Leagues into the Sea; they have fo great skill in Shooting, that they
exceed almoft all other Nations, having Arrows headed with fharp Fifh-
bones; they alfoufe Lances and Clubs. The Women follow the Men in the
- Wars, and ferve in ftead of Horfes to carry Ammunition and other Neceffa-
ries ; to which ‘Labor they are fo us’d, that they will bear on their Shoulders
forty, nay fifty Leagues together, fiich Luggage, as three Spaniards are {carce
Their firang: Cuftoms. able to lift from the Ground.’ They acknowledge no Commander or Supe-
rior either in Wars or Government, they keep up old Fends, fighting with an
inveterate hatred againft their Neighbors, upon antient fcores and revenges,
ftill kept in,memory of cheir- Relations flain in former Battels, and alfo ftill
creating ‘frefh animofities upon their Lofles in later Engagements. Their
Language is {mooth and pleafing, being fpoken with a kind of lifping, and
abfolutely’ different from the neighboring Nations. When they eat they fit
tipon the Ground, and fleeping lie in Hammocks, each end whereof being faft.
ned to aPoft , underneath they kindle a Fire’; over them they hang Fifh-nets
and Hooks, Fifh-baskets and Calabafhes.. When they have occafion to eafe Nas
ture by evacuation, they retire into fome private Place; but the Women think
itno immodefty to‘make Water, even in the prefence of ftrange Men. They
obferve not fingle Matrimony; for every Man takes as many Women as he
pleafes, under bonds of Wedlock fuch and fo fleight, that he turns them off at
his pleafure’: and’ Women take the fame liberty in cafheering their Husbands
when not pleafing them.. They bring forth Children with little or no pain,
and wath them in a’River fo foon asborn ; which done they return to their
ufual work and. bufinefs. When they are incens‘d againft their Husbands, they
revenge themfelves by poyfoning their Children. Their? Houfes are built in
the fafhion of a Houfe-clock, witha Roof tais’d from the Wall upon four Pil-
lars like the Bell, and cover’d'with Palm-Leaves ; fome of which are fo big,
that they afford room for fix hundred Men = ‘every feventh or eighth year they
remove, becaule (as they fay) the Air is oftentimes infe&ted by Mens Breaths, —
by their long continuance in:one place. Their Riches confift in Feathers of
divers colours, Strings of Fifh-bones intefmingled with green and white
Beads, with which they adorn their Heads, Arms, Legs, Ears, and Chevks :
Gold-and Pearls they make little account of; and as to Trade and Commerce
with
Chap. IIL ey AMERICA Gt
wich other People, they know not what belongs to it. Thee greateft Friend-
fhip confifts in profticuting their Daughters or Wivesto one another. Their
Dead they bury in moift Grounds, nd put with theat both Meat and Drink
into the Graves: When any Perfon grows very weak by lingring Sicknefs,
they carry the Difeafed into a neighboring Wood where they lay him ina Silk
Hammock, tied between two Frees éheti Hiding the whole day about him,
at night they fet Bread and Water enough by him coLAR fur days,and then de.
parting look no more after him, who thus neglected feldom efcape: but if fo
it happen that one recover, all his Relations forthe future honour him as a
god. When any one falls into a Fever, his Friends immediately bathe him in
cold Water, and afterwards fet him before a great Fire, then drive him before
them till he falls down almof breathlefs, and at laft puchim to Bed. They
neither Let blood in the Arms not Feet, but in their Sides and Calves of theit
Legs. Sometime they faft four days. tigethén, which they fuppofe a great
means to preferve their Health. Their Bread confifts of a fort of Fruit call’d
Jucha, Chambi, or Igname. Lattly, no Lyon devours his Prey with more voracie
ous eagernefs, than they theit takeh Enemies.
Ve(putius being fully inform’d concerning the SididHion of Paria, weighed
Anchor, and on the fixth day aftér entred a convenient Harbor, where going
afhore jhe found twenty Houfes built in the middle of a Lake on great Pofts :’ A very Ceange Village
built on. Poles
every Houfe had a Draw-bridge, over which they pafs’d from one to the other.
So foon as the Inhabitants fet eye on the Spaniards, they itnmediately drew up
their Bridges : yet fome of them in twelve little Canoos came towards the Spa-
nifh Ships, “Blit Amaz'd to fee theit Lads fo big, durft got,though hal’d with
figns, to come aboard, but hafted away toa high Mountain ;yet feem’d to fig.
nifie that they would return, as indéed they did, bringing fixteen Maids along
with them, of which they put four itto a Spanifh Boat, themfelves if the inte-
tim rowing between the Ships from one to aHuthe, fhewing all tokens of
friendfhip, when on a {adden a Company of old Women came running to the Strange Figght,

Shote, and tearing the Hair from their Heads, made a terrible noife bad excla-
mation, exprefling the greateft forrow they could poffible: whereupon the
four hits Maids fuddenly leap’d over-board, and the Men fhot abundance of
Arrows out of their Boats at the Ships ; nay, fome of them {wimming under
Water, endeavor’d to fink the Cock-boats which were made faft behind their
Ships. Upon this fudden Onfet the Spaniards making ufe of their Guns, quick-
ly leffen’d the number of the Affailants, infomuch that they fled to the Shore;
yet five of them being overtaken, were catry’d Prifoners aboard.
Vefputius obferving thefe thelr mifdemeaning Carriages ,judg’d it no way
convenient to flay any longer among fuch barbarous and deceitful Salvages:
but having weighed Anchor, and Sail’d eighty Leagues along the Coaft, he
ran into another convenient Haven: whofe Shore fwarm’d with People, whitch
on a fudden running away, hid themfelves in a neighboring Wood.
Here the Spaniards Landing were amazed ,when in their Huts they faw Serpents nrangely pre-
par’d for Food

Snakes and Serpents roafting before a Fire, wherest one had Wings, and ano-
ther whofe Mouth was tied together with a Rope, ftared with open eyes in a
frightful manner.
Here they left feveral Trifles to enticethe fled Natives to correfpond with
them. And this their Defign prov'd Succefsful; for the next day the Americans
came aboard without the leat fear, and offer’ d'to fhew their hofpicable kind-
nefsto the Spaniards, if ancy pleas’d to travel three days Journey with them up
into
 AMERICA ~~ Chap. Ill.
into the Countrey, telling them, they had onely:rais’d thofe few Huts by the
~ Seasfide for afmall time whilft they Fifh’d in thofe Parts. | ,
The repankable recat About twenty of the Spaniards well Arm’d refolv’d to undertake the Jour.
ards, ney ; and travelling over Hills, Dales, and Rivers, they came at laft into a
Village confifting of nine of the foremention’d Honfes, but mightily peopled ;
where they were ina wonderful mannet received by their glad welcomes, by
Dancing, Singing, Hunting, and other joyful Acclamations, prefenting their
Wives and Daughters, as the chiefeft part of their hofpitality, to carefs the
Strangers at their pleafure. The news was no fooner fpread, but the adjacent
Villages came in throngsto gaze upon, and falute the Strangers, inviting them
—alfoto their Towns. The Spaniards taking it in good part , fpent nine days
among them, highly treated with all mannet ofjollities, but efpecially at their
choice with the varieties of Venus : from thence then returning to their Fleet,
accompanied with thoufands of the Natives,every one carrying Prefents to the
Admiral Ve/putius ; of whom as many as they could at once receive, they enter-
taining aboard, then difmifs'd them, and admitted others ; but the Guns going
aff, they fuddenly leap’d from the Decks, and div’d like Ducks under Water :
But afterwards being inform’d, that fuch thunder-claps were fent them from
Heaven to deftroy their Enemies, they were fomewhat better fatisfi’d, and
call’d the Spaniards, Charabi, that is, Wife Men. |
This Ifland lying in the Mexican Bay, in twenty Degtees of Northern Lati-
tude, Vefputius left on his Starboard, and Sail’d along a Meandring Coaft
(which he always kept in fight) eight hundred and fixty Leagues, and at laft
entred a Haven, the like whereof he had not feen before. Here he {pent a
Moneth in repairing his Ships, to which the Inhabitants freely gave their affi- |
ftance; and among other things complain’d, that a falvage People came yearly.
thither from an Ifland about a hundred Leagues diftant, who fell upon them -
with horrible rage, and whomfoeyer they took they eat, but firft inflicted all
manner of tortures upon them, {paring none, but together murthering aged
People and fucking Infants; wherefore they cravd affiftance to be reveng’d,
which if the Spaniards would grant, they would follow the Fleet with their
Boats. Vefputius promis his aid to-deftroy {uch a blood-thirfty People; and
to aflure them that he would perform his Word, he order’d feven of them to
go in (anoos before and fhew them the Way. On the feventh day they came
to an Anchor before the Ifland Ay, where the Shore was guarded with naked
Men, whofe Bodies being ftrong and brawny, were painted, and their Arms,
Legs, and Head, adorn’d with divers colour’d Plumes, having not onely offens
five Weapons, as Bowes, Arrows, and Launces, but alfo defenfive, huge Tar+
gets, and {quare Shields. So foon asthey judg’d the approaching Spaniards to
A cruelFight with the be within reach, they fhot a great flight of Arrows at them ; but Ve/putins lying
. clofe.along the Shore with his Ships, fir’d upon them with Chain-fhot, which
did great execution : yet notwithftanding about forty Spaniards leaping afhore
out-of their Boats, found themfelves in no {mall danger ; for the Cannibals
upon the found of Horns flocking together, fo prefsd upon them that they.
were forc’d to lay afide their Guns, and fall to Blows, and had not timely af-
fiftance come to them, they had undoubtedly been all flain: two hours the
Vi&ory was doubtful on whofe fide ic would fall; yet at laftthe Cannibals
quitting the Field, left the Spantards Vigtors ; who the next day purfu’d their
gotten Victory with fuch fuccefs, that they drove their Enemies before them,
burnt their Villages and Boats, and carry’dtwo hundred and two and twenty
; : of
 Chap. If. AMERICA. , 63
of them Prifoners to Spain, where they fafely arriv’d the 15. of November, Anno
1498. ,
Wefputisa {econd Expedia
This good fuccefs fo encourag’d Vefputins, that having fhay’d {carce feven ticn,

Moneths afhore , he obtaining the Command over fix Ships, with which he
fet Sail from Cadiz, and touching upon the (anaries, Steer’d from thence
Southerly ; and having Sail’d five hundred Leagues, he difcover’d a Countrey
overflow’d and made Marifhy by great Rivers, and abounding with Trees, but
faw no fign of any Inhabitants ; yet not long after, coming before an Ifland, he
took a Boat with two Prifoners, newly guelt, and ferit as a Prefent to feaft
the Cannibals which refus’d to Treat on.any other account whatfoever ; _where-
fore he Sail’d eighty Leagues forward along the Shore of an unknown Ifland,
where he Barter’d for fome Gold, and got five hundred Pearls for one fingle
Shell; thefe Pearls, the Inhabitants faid-were not found there, but taken from
their Neighboring“ Enemies , which liv’d Weftward, and had abundance of
them. EY |
Nothing worthy of remark happen’d in this Voyage, onely the ftrange con- Strange conftitution of a
alyage people,
ftitutions of a wild People, living on a barren Ifle, deferve to be mention’d.
About their Necks hung two hollow Veffels, the one full of white ftamp’d
Worts, and Herbs; and the other, full of Grafs, which they greedily cram’d
into their Mouths, feeding like Cattel ,;then a Stick wetted with Spittle, they
put into the bruis’d Herbs, taking upon the end of it, as upon the point ofa
‘Knife,fome of the bruis’d to their Mouths,which (as if chawing the Cud) turn-
ing therein,then taking out again, and ftrowing more of the fame Herbs out of
the Veflel upon it, fwallow’d itdown. No frefh Water was to be had amongft
them, but what they gather’d from the Dew in great Leaves: Neither had
they any Houfes, but dwelt under great Trees, and fed on dry’d Fifh.
The next remark in this Voyage, was the difcovery of an Ifland not far from Strange adventure of nine
Spaniards, meeting with
the former, where he found the Footfteps of a Gigantick People, upon which great Giants.
niSa i a League to fearch the Countrey, where they faw five
great Huts, ftanding ina {pacious Valley , and in them two old, and three
young Women , each of them being twice as tall asan ordinary Man: The
‘old ones invited the Spaniards to eat, who when they were fat down, confult-
- ing how they might take and carry one of thefe Giantefles to Spain,, there to
fhew her for Money, thirty fix Giants came in tothem, (never did the Sun
fhine on a more terrible People) which fo amaz’d the Spaniards, that their Hair
feem’d to ftand an end at-the fear thereof: Every Giant was arm’d witha
Bow and Arrows, anda Club: They wondering at the nine ftrangers, ftood
talking very earneftly one to another, which gave the Spaniards time to think
of making their efcape , fome judg’d it convenient to difcharge theit Guns up-
on them, and in the Smoke to run away; othersthonght, that it would be bet-
ter to take a milder courfe, which they allagreed on; and taking their leave,
went out of the Hut, but were follow’d by the Giants, who kept a Stones caft
behind them, and went fafter or flower, as the Spaniards flacken’d or mended
their pace; who at laft getting to the Shore, and from thence into their Boats,
they fuddenly put off; but the Giants then purfu’d them with eager fpeed, all
of them leaping into the Water, and Swimming, fhot abundance of Arrows
after them; but frighted by the Thunder of two great Guns that were dif-
charged from the Ships, return’d afhore, and fled intc the neighboring
Hills,
Velbuting
 ;

SA MERA EC.Z. ‘Chap: fF.

Vespitius at laft began to confider of returning*home » Kis Provifions begiris
ning to growfcarce, and his Sea-men faint, having contion’d in the Equino:
ctial heats a, whole year ; wherefore he direéted® his courfe towatds Spain,
in his Voyage, driving along the Coaft an advantagious ‘Trade’, ‘by bartering
Defeription of tue Pearl- Shells and Glafs for Peatls, The Inhabitants prefented) him with Oyfter
Oyfters s, of °
which fome inclos‘d
on hundred and thirty Peatls, when’ they attain to their
full growth, they fall outwf the Shells themfelyes, but thofe that ftick, decay:
So upon the tenth of November, the Fleet came fafe to an Anchor before Cadiz,
_Velomias third Espeliy After which; ‘Vesputins retired to Sépil) with intent to fettle himielf th ere, but
Ge he had not long repos’d', when Emanuel King of Portugal fent for hia te Lisbon,
and gave him the Command of three Ships, to difcover new Countreys ; be-
tween. the Canaries and Africa, they pafs’d thorow fo many Fifhes (not unlike-d
Bream) that in-an: hours’ time: they loaded their Boats wich them, this Fith
hath a round thin Scale,’ fharp Teeth; Stones in theit Brains of Forcheads, 4
fharp pointed Heart, a Bladder fullofWind, red Tail and Fins, feeds on Sea
Weeds, Gurnets and Oyfters, and is ofa delicious Tafte. >
From thence, five :degtees Southward’ of the Equinox, he found’a naked
People onthe top ofa high Rock, that beckon’d the Spaniards to come towards
them; upon which, two of them refolv’d to venture thither, having order not
Cruel deed offome téi- CO flay at the moft above five days: The firft incounter they had was of fome
sah Women, who offer’d their bodies to proftitution, but'a Youth, as if affrighted
with fome fudden danger, came running amongft them, whom, whilft they
{tood gazing upon, and wondering:at, an old Woman with a great Club, ran-
_ning down the Hill overtgok, and knock’d him down dead upon the ground?
which done, the Women that were making Court to the Spaniards , took him
by the Heels, and drago’d up the Hill, where foon after they faw him chop’d
in pieces, Broyl’d, and eaten: They zlfo made figns to the Spaniards, that they
would devour them alfo'in the fame manner. “The Shore was crouded’ with
Men , which fhowr’d upon them feveral flights of “Arrows, a
thought it beft to Weigh’Anchor, fo taking Aboard their two Men, and ha
Sail’d 150. Leagues, they got-fight of the Coaft of Brajile, along whiclt he Sail’d
Southerly to fifty two Degrees, where three Brafilians came Aboard of their
own accord , and were eafily perfwaded to go with him to Portugal’, but
the
Weather growing very bad,:and the Cold intollerable,the Storms fwellin
the Wayes into the bignefs of Mountains ; Vefputins left the Coaft des Patagones,
and the Streights, afterwards call’d Magellan, behind him, buxnt one of his Ships
before Cape Sierra Leona, and brought two fafe to Lisbon. |
sigeavin fourth Expe- -" His fourth Expedition happen’d ,May 10. Anno 1503.
at which time he
Steer'd directly with fix Sail to Sierra Leona, and approaching the Coaft, could
not come to an Anchor, becaufe of the trong eddying Currents :*
Three De-
grees beyond the Equinox appear'c a rifing Ifland , two Leagues long,
and
one broad, deftitute of Inhabitants; his beft Ship being fix hundred Tun, {pli
here againft a Rock, and nothing of her was faved, but the Sea-me
n : But Ve-
Sputiws Rowing, afhore with a Boat , found a convenient Haven
, with abun-
Sea-Spiders,and Dragons. dance of {weer Water, high Trees, Sea-Spiders,
and horrible Dragons, which
have a {harp Head, round fiery Eyes, and wide Mouths,
Wings not unlike a
Bats, a{peckled Breaft, curl’d Tail, blew Back, and two Bags like
a drawn
Satchel Triangular , were under their Bellies: No lefs {range are the Seas '
Spiders, by their hard Feer, long upper Teeth, two long
Sheers or Pinchers,
and double Belly ; between the Head and the Belly lies a black Skin,
with
which
 Chap. III. AMERICA, ee

which they daiked the Water; Sess any-one goes to take them in the night,
they make a great fhadow; they feed on Fifh ,the Female lays little white
Eggs, not unlike ordinary Hail- ftones.
Vefputivs having left this defolate Ifle, three hundred Leagues a Stern, enter'd
a Haven, to which he gave the name : St. Abdy, where he ftay’d two Ribnaths:
expediing the return of thofe which he had fent into the Countrey ; but feeding
" jt im vain to wait any longer; he proceeded’on his*Journey, and Sailing in be-
tween the Abrelhos, in the River Curubabo, he built a ftrong Fort, Garrifon’d it
with twenty four Men, twelve pieces of Ordnance, and Pieih ions for fix
Moneths : Five Moneths Vefputivs had {pent in the building this Caftle; when
he return’d home with one Ship, laden with Brafill Wood, where approaching
Lisbon, beyond all .expectation, the Inhabitants of the City ran to Congratue
late bishappy returns: And from this Americus Vesputius, the New World is to this
day call’d America.

SE-O X, _ VIL

The Expedition of Alphonfo, Foseda, Diego er Jcochpede and Roderick

_Colmenares. ..

Mericus Vesputins was {carce fitted out in Lisbon, when Fogeda fet Sail with
three hundred Men from Beata, the chiefeft Haven of Hifpaniola , to the
Ifland Codego, inhabited by Naked People, but of comely Perfonage, and withal
expert and moft excellent Archets': Here he found a very ftrange Tree, Wonderful Tree oncudegs
which bears a Fruit. not unpleafing to the Palate , yet deadly Poyfon, and be:
didés ,whoever chances to fleep under their hada loofe both their under-
“Panding and Eye-fight ,and never attain to their Simic Sences , ‘except they
take fome Opiates, as dangerous, and fo by long fleep, recover. AVR,
Here Fogeda fet upon a poor Village near the Sea-fide, where without mercy {xtvscrmly
Aion.
anddettra:
| T he
 AMERICA. Chap. III.
he put them all to the Sword, excepta few Youths which were onely faved,
that they might inform Fogeda, what was become of the flain and taken Spani- |
ards; Who told him, that according to their Cuftom, they had Roafted the
dead! and alfo their living Prifoners, and feafted on their Flefh. Here having
burntithe Houfes, and fifting the Afhes, Nicue/a found fome Gold. But now
they began to be diftrefs’d for Provifions; for prevention of which, Nicuefa
had given/order to Ancifus, Marthal in Hifpaniola that he fhould follow with
Famine, a Ship of Vidtual, for the Army to (odega., But he being kept back by incon-
veniencies, mott'of the Spaniards were famifh’d, fo that the three hundred Men
which Codega brought from Hij/paniola, were SMlaced to fixty. And he was al-
ready under-Sail to Hispaniola, when Ancifus Anchor’d in the Haven of Codegoos,
and fent fome Men afhore to mend his Boat ,-and fetch frefh Water, which
whilft they were doing, the Natives came Ssckitig about them: Three days
Strange accident, they fac’d one another, ufing no Hoftility , when at laft a Spaniard that under-
flood the (odegan Tongue, adventuring to fetch Water, he was immediately
encompafled;. when {peaking to them, and informing them in their own Lan-
guage, That hé wasnone of Fogedas or Nicne[as People , which not longfince
had committed fo, great flaughter, they left him, and the rather, becaufe he
told them, that ncifus would take revenge on them, if they did any wrong to
him. Thus quieted, they brought all forts of Provifions Aboard. Mean while,
Ancifus eleapes great dan-
ger. Ancifus Sail’'d to the Main Continent Uraba, where in the Mouth ofa Haven he
ran his Veffel a-ground,which was bilg’d, the Sea-men taking fome Arms along
with them, fav'd their lives by fwimming afhore ; where, their firft fuftenance ~
they ee was ftore of Peaches and Cherries, hich was a great. refrefhment
in thofe hot Countreys,but yet had ndlcubredly been ftarv’d, but that in fearch-
ing the Wood for Fruits, they found Wild-Swine, which pxchen d their lives,
yet they were not free ers apparent danger, having to deal with a Salvage
People, into whofe hands they were fo unfortunately caft by Shipwrack, how-
ever Ancifus fet a good face on the bufinefs, marching with a hundred Men up
into the Countrey,where fome of the Urabanners from an ambufcade unawares,
with their Arrows wounded feyeral of his Men, hereupon they retreated to
the Shore of the River Daria, whither alfo they had brought the fmall Boats,
fav'd from the Wreck; where whilft they were in confultation how to return
to Hijpaniola, the Inhabitants having mufter’d themfelves, and making a Body
of five hundred Men, fet upon them, who after a fharp Conflict, made them
retreat, and at laft to flie, whom Micsfus purfuing, found ina Thicket of Canes
or Reeds a great Tr cafure of Gold. Mean while, Nicuefa Sail’d to the plen-
tiful Golden Countrey Veragua with three Ships, of which he lof two, the
one Commanded by Lupus de Olana, and the other by Peter Umbria Olana, which
was ftranded in the River Veraeua, ‘dhol gives name to the whole Mand, but
he built a new Caryil, whereas that of Lupus Olana was bilg’d among the Rocks.
Little better fuccefs had Nicuefa, whofe Ship over-turning with a Tempeft, he
with a few of his Men made land upon Veragua, where he rang’d up and down
in amiferable condition, ona barren, and in a manner Sslokey Shore feventy
days: All that time, finding no etes Food than Wild Roots, who wandring
up and. down, at laftmet with Olana, a little before caft away on the fame Ifle,
whom he feour d, becaufe he prefum’d te ufurp the Title, and be prime Com- _
mander of that Countrey. Upon which, the Spaniards bring divided, fome
for Ancifus, fome for Olana, the difference more and more encteafing, eeuld not
he reconcil’d, till the Famine overpowering, matter’ d both, fo chat not being
able
Chap. III: AMERICA.
able to handle their Arms, the Salvages flew them at their pleafure, by this
‘7
means in a fhort time, of feven hundred eighty five, remain’d {carce ninety;
yet did not all this mifery work any thing upon the ambitious humor of Va/+
gues Nunnex, who rebelling againft Ancifus, {plit that {mall remainder of Men,
and with the help of thofe he had drawn over to his Party ; made himfelf Go-
vernor of Uraba, not poflible to be long enjoy’d without {peedy fupply, which
foon after they receiv’d ; , for Colmenares Sailing from Hifpaniola with Proyifions, Colmenares Expedition,

atriv’d there the 15. of Oétober, Anno 1510. having been tofs’d twenty three days
at Sea; then making into the River Gaira, to furnifh himfelf with frefh Wa-
ter, he loft forty feven Men; for whilft they were filling their Casks, feven
hundred of the Salvages came down upon them, and with their Poyfon’d
Arrows wounded and kill’d moft of them. Colmenares came in a good time to His ftrange receptien.

the remainder under Ancifus Command , being in danger of death for want of
Provifions, and finding the factions that were among them about Superiority,
he thought it fit, confulting with fome of the chiefeft of them, to find out Ni-
cuefa; who was indeed the Governor that had the Grant from the King :_ This
agreed, Colmenares went to fearch, and at laft lighted upon him, building a For-
trefs againftthe aflaults of the Enemies on the Promontory. Mormor, he was
glad to find him, but griev'd to fee the mifery and hardfhip they endur’d,moft
of his Men being kill’d, partly by the exceffive Heats, partly by Famine, and
partly by the cruelty of the Natives, fo that he had onely fixty remaining, and
thofe many of them alfo fick and. weak. ! Pr
Colmenares having deliver’d his Meflage, Nicuefa broke up his Quarters, and
fleighting the Fort, went with him, but both himfelf and his Men were op-
pos’d from Landing by Nunez; wherefore Nicue/a was neceffitated to Steer
for Hispaniola , whom, or what became of him was never known.
Nunnex having thus quitted himfelf of Nicue/2, and now, more than ever,
‘wanting Provifion, he refolv’d to take out his own Commiffion at large, and
fetting up for himfelf, make no difcrimination of Perfons, Spaniards, or Nas
tives, but to make out his Fortune.
And firft, he fell upon Careta King of (oita, whom he took Prifoner, Plunder.
ing him of all his Treafure and Provifions ; yet this fufficed not long, for foon
after, King Poncha invading Careta, Nunnex took hold of that opportunity, and
pretending to affift Careta, being well recruited with his Forces, fer upon Pon-
cha, who immediately fled, and left all to the {poil of his Enemies:
This News fo amaz’d Comogrus,another King,that he proffer’d Peace ; where- Remarkable Pallace of
ing Comogras,
upon Nunnex going thither, was nobly entertain’d in his Palace, being one hun-
dred and fifty Paces. long, and eighty broad, the Floors Pav’d with Stone, and
the Roofs Vaulted, his Cellars were ftor’d with Wine, made of the Root Fucca,
Ages , and Mais; the Privy-Chamber was hung round with dead bodies,
Mummy’d artificially with Lent Fires, and were the Corpfes of (omogrus Ance-
ftors, and others of the Royal Blood, and neareft Relations, of whom fome
dy’d at leaft four hundred years before; each of thefe faften’d by Cordage
made of Reeds, were Habited in Cotton, richly adorn’d with Pearls and Gold.
Mean while , a Hurricane.happening , terrible with Thunder.and Lightning,
and hideous Gufts , fwell’d and fo enrag’d the Sea, that breaking its bounds,
over-running, drown’d the whole Champain,; thusthe hopes of a fruitful Hars
veft being utterly loft,..they fuffer'd under a great Famine.
The Spaniards which Encamp’d near the River Daria, on Uraba, perceiving
this, and knowing they had no manner of fupply from Hispaniola; and having
Be ee already
 ‘68 AMERICA. . Chap. II?
already Pillag’d the Neighboring Kings, that they had nothing left. Nunez
‘Munnez Exploits,
marching thirty Leagues up the raver, Plunder’ dthe Village, of which Dai-
baiba was King, where he found an unvaluable quantity of Gold, but little or
no Provifion. Here were many Flictcer Mice, or Bats, :bigwer. than Turtle
Doves, whofe biting was mortal, unlefs biutediacly wath’d with Salt Wa-
ter, Zeodeding to the information ot the Prifonets.
“sneer Now as Niihtes Uraba Pillag’d towards the South, fo did oboe Heving
ee
up alfo for himfelf, take prize of all’, to the Eaft orith fixty Men’, Rowing
ey

again the'Stream'up the River Daria, "yBeve twelve Leagues, where he found
in feveral Villages’and Hamlets, and at King Turwi's Palace, abundance; both
of Provifion and Gold’, from therice he March’d to the: thiohey Province Abe-
namchet, which though making fome refiftance, at laft they fubdu’d.
a
eee
——

a7 -a
ea
Se a
¢5oss
”de
-~~.
—
al A firange Pallace built on And the'neighboring King 4bibeiba narrowly efcap’d the like fortune, whofe
Pallace was built onthe tops of Trees, Plafh’d, and Pleited together, Timbet |
recs.

Beams lying athwart; ‘neceflity forcing them’ to choofe {uch high Habitations,
partly;to‘avoid the Tiina Gous'dt Rivers, fwoln above their bounds by fudden
Turning the low Land
intoa Sea, and alinoft affidiiousShowres from the arewhesins: and partly; to be free
from’ the'excurfions of fculking Robbers; alfo being: better able to defend
themfelves in thefé Caftles if che Air, daa alfo fecur’d by their heighth from
their:Shot', being above the reach of ehety Indian Arrows : The bodies of the
Trees abiriWards: upon which: the Houfes are built,are generally twenty four
Fathom thick ,.fo that they cannot eafily be cut dwn’ nor fired; but Colme-
nares againft stett! as they {uppos’d, impregnable Porth having oe a Galle-
ry with’{éveral great Hurdles, fet sig Men to work onder that fafeguard, with
Axes on the Tree whereon Abibeiba’s Houle ftood , who feeing his imminent
danger, wondring at this new manner of Spsrisicie; came down, promifing
to furnifh him with Gold out of the neighboring Mountains, detwithfand.
ing it would be with the danger'of his Life; becaufe the Cannibals generally
kill thofe that adventur’d to dig in the Mines : To this promife , Colmenares
- APlot onthe Spaniards, hearken’d, and having fet him at liberty, for the performance, he in ftead theres
ftrangely difcover’d,
of, on the contrary, ftirr’d up, and joyn’d with all the Conquer’d Kings, to
deftroy him and his Men: Nor were they flack to have executed their defign,
five thoufand of them being already drawn together at the Village Tirichi, the
appointed place of Rendezvous, and fo privately carry’d, that undoubtedly it
had been effected, if not happily difcover’d by this accident.
Nunnex ,amongft his other Slavefles, had one exceeding beautiful , on
which he was much Enamour’d, and fhe likewife feem’d to bear as oxédle
an affection towards him, which fhe manifefted ,by declaring the feexee to
Nunnex which her Biether had imparted to ee being an intended gene-
ral Maffacre the night following , that fo fhe ntiohe his better make her ef-
ee
cape the day before; yet fo much fhe prefer’d the fafety ofher Lover, before
the liberty of her Native Countrey, that fhe difcover’d the Plot. Nunnez not
jleeping on this advice, on a fudden fet fo fiercely upon the Confpirators, that
he utterly broke their defign ; yet the Feuds and Contefts for Superiority ftill
continu’d amongft them , which look’d with fo bad a Face to the ruine of all,
Pus
pec
—ee
a-eS
.*
—
—m
_-
ie
BS
ere
RO
rT
ae
————
-_—-:
ae
=>—
a,
ae
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en
SU
ee
SE
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that news thereof arriving in Spain, it was judg’d fit.to fend for Colmenares, atta
John Quicedo to the Court, there to render an account of all their Tranfa@ions,
Both going Aboard a fmall Veflel, were by Storm driven on the Coaft of Cuba,
where they were inform’ d from a Prifoner, that Valdivia and Zamudio, daved
afhore hi Shipwrack , and not able to defend themfelves, were furpriz’d by
the
 ‘Chap. HI. SA MAEARLT CA. 69.
the Natives, kill’d and eaten; that Fogeda driven up and down along the
Coat, had loft moft of his People by hunger, and other hardfhip, and him-
felf with much ado getting to Hispaniola, dy’d as foon'as Landed.of the Wound
which he receiv’d by a Poyfonous Arrow, near the River Dania.
Ancifus Voyage,
But much happier was Ancifus, who‘foon after Fogeda coming to Cuba, found
a King, who fuffer’d himfelf to be Chriften’d, and call’d Commendator ; and
building 2: Church, Confecrated it to the Virgin Mary; in it he erected an A Temple dedicated to
the Virgin Mary on the
Image of Clay, refembling a Woman; which jhe*cloched’ in: a Cotton Gar- Ifland Cuba.

ment ; round about were plac’d Pots with Meat and-Water, according-co their
old Idolatrous fafhion, otherwile, they believ’d their Idols would devour the
Souls of the Dead, and this, though Chriftians, they did not forgety;
Nay further, when hewent to War,he carry’ d of the Virgin Mary
the Image
with him in the Front of his Army, often fayinig, Ave Mariay, and this was the
end of that Voyage : But afterwards Anci/us complain’d againft Vafeus Nunnex
in the Spanif#Court, where'he receiv’d a Sentence very prejudi¢ialtohim. Col-
menares and Quicedo had alfo Audience there, whereupon matters being fettled,
a firm Government was eftablifh’d in Uraba. LY in
zat

Sercv. VIII.

_.,, Peter Arias bis Expedition, and remarkable Paffages of Vafcus Nunnez.

|Bes Arias. Knight, ‘accompanyd with his Wife, Flixabeth Boadilla, fer Sail
J Anno 1514. but furpriz’d by a violent Storm, loft two Ships, and return’d
to Spain , yet.not long after began his Voyage afrefh, notwithftanding he had
lately had-fuch bad fuccefs, and heard of the great hardfhip which Nicuefa fut.
Nicwefa fulfers hunger.

fer’d,, haying not ontly kept himfelf alive a confiderable time by feeding on
fiefhof Dogs, and other fuch like Creatures, a-great Frog being fold in Vera-
gua for a lump of Gold.
, But Vafchus Nunnex inform’d of Arias atrival , the chief Governor of Uraba,
| afterwards call’d New Andaluzia, minding to inrich himfelf before he fhould de-
pofe him , and hearing that feyeral Gold Mines lay Southward from Uraba,
march’d thither with a hundred and ninety Men, thorow great Rivers, Thick-
ets, and Woods full of Wild Beafts, deep Vallies, and broad Rivers, not with-
out many hazards and difficulties.’ In the Mountainous Territory Quarequan,
the Inhabitants ingag’d him valiantly, with Bows, Arrows, Clubs, Woodden
Mul-
Swords, Pikes and Launces, but frighted with che meer report of their
but that
_ quets, like flocks of wild Fowl, diffipated and fled , but not fo faft,
fix hundred of them fell by the hands of the Spaniards, or were worty’d by their
Dogs,train’d up on purpofe for the American Warts. Soon after,coming into the Dogs us’d int the Wars,

Palace, there fate his Brother drefs'd up in Womens Apparel, whom the King
kept to abule, as if.a Concubine ; whereof Nunnex being inform’d, in-detelta-_
tion of Sodomy, fet the Dogs upon him, who fuddenly tore him in pieces. Sucomy horribly punifh’d.

Amongft the flain were found feveral Negroes, which fuffering Shipwrack had
been caft on the American Shore, and maintain’d a continual War with the Qua-
raguanen, fo that ic feem’d the Blacks which were found dead amongft them
were their Slaves: Yet Nunnex, was forc’d to leave a confiderable number of
his Men here, who being half ftarv'd, and quite tired our, were not able to
follow him ; but with the remaining party he march’d on, and at laft cameto
Nunrer firlt difcovers
the Soutlt-Sea.

the high Mountains, from whence he faw the great SoutheSea, and going thi-
Wie | ther
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ther, was met by King Chiapes, leading an Army of thirty thoufand Men,
which great Body ftood not long to make refiftance , being terrifi’d with the
Vollyes of Shot, whofe Report the ecchoing Valleys prefented to their Ears,
double and trebble ; And that which moft amaz’d and difanimated them in
the rout, were the Dogs, who fiercely purfu’d and feiz’d the flyers, tearing
away great morfels of Flefh. After the Battel, the Conqueror proffer’d Peace, .
Af-
which was agreed on, upon the delivery of feveral great Prefents of Gold.
ter that, Chiapes the King, accompany’d with Nunnex the Spanifh Commander,
and ‘March’d with him over a broad River to (oquera, where at firft fome Fors
ces made refiftance, but were routed; whereupon, they alfo fuddenly ftruck
up a Peace, upon conditions, that the Prince, nam’d alfo Coquera, fhould return
=
s

Is in great danger on the

uth-Sea, 4 .
him a great quantity of Gold. Here he found a handfome Bay running up in
crooked Reaches, above fixty Leagues, which Nunnex call’d St. Michael, being
fprinkled with Iflands, and treacherous with hidden Rocks. There Nunnez,
(though diflwaded by (hiapes, becaufe he knew the South-Sea at that time be-
‘nc the three laft Moneths of the Year, was exceeding turbulent, that no Veflel
could hardly live in it, yet) ventur’d with nine Indian Boats, and eighty Men
from the Shore into the Offin,; where, notwithftanding the high rolling of the
Waves, he got to an uninhabited Ifland, on which, being neceffitated to flay a
night, the Tide flow’d fo much», according to the, property of the South-Sea,
that che higheft Ground thereon, lay almoft coverd with Water, every one of
the Spaniards having enough to do to fave thentlelves from being wafh’d away.
Day approaching, difcover’d a fecond inconveniency, for the Indian €anoos ei-
ther were extremely Leaky, or elfe-fo fhatter’d, that they were unfit for fervice,
yet notwithftanding all this, they ventur’d to return, rather choofing to be de-
vour’d in the Waves, than die of that hunger, whofe mifery they had fuffici-
ently tafted, during the {mall time they had been out. Not long after, Nunnez
Conquer’d the King Tamaccus in a Field Battel, who thereupon purchas‘d his
Peace with great Prefents of Gold and Pearl. He allo fhew’d the Spaniards an
i Tfland
 Chie. II. AMERICA. pps 71
| Iland, whofe fpiring tops were feen from the Main Land, which fo stances
in Pearls, that inno place were either more or fairer to ‘we found : Buc the
King who liv’d on it was exceeding powerful. paahet |
_ Nunnex immediately refolv’d to Sail thither, notwith{tanding it was the
middle of Oéfober, when rhe South-Eaft Winds wesite fuch a turbulent and hol-
low Sea, as many times wafh’d away Trees and pieces of Rocks: Befides, the
Weather was more terrible, by continual Lightning and great Thunder- atips,
the Nights very cold, the Days exceeding hot;- yet all thelé difficulties could
not prevail, for Nunnex would not ftay to expedt fairer Weather, but went on,
and coming thither, he faw how the Indians Fifh for Pearls, which was DivingF Manner of Fithing fog
. for Oyfters ; but e Weather being rough and foul gt spe not venture for
the beft which lay far from the Shore. ~
But Nunnex leaving his fick and weary’d Men with Chiapes , March’d Quite Manner returns
another. way back = tie he cane; and croffing a great River, was receiv'd by
Prince Teaocha, who furnifh’d him with Gold, Pearls, Provifions and Guides,
which carry’d his Luggage and Goods.
~ Pacra, a great Oppreffor of all his Neighbors, ‘hearing of the approach of
Nunnex,, fled, but terrifi’d with threats, return’d with three other Princes,
which were allfo Deform’d, that more ‘horrible Monfters were never feen,
fearce ‘any part about them refembling thofe of a Man: The Guides which sen eon in
Teaocha had provided for the Spaniard defir'd that he might be put to Death, for waaeg
_ the Cruelties which he had long committed ;whofe Requeft beingg
arayaedl he
with the other three Princes, were given as a. Breakfaft to the Spanifh Wists
Mean while, the Spaniards were in danger to have perifh’d for want of Water ;
yet at laft, in a Thicket of Brambles, they found a {mall Brook, but none of the
Indians durft venture to go'to it, for fear of Tygers, and ehiep Wild Beafts:,
. relating, That the Tygers took many people in the nights out of their Huts, if
ey were not careful in making faft their Doors.
Jobn Lede/ma had himfelf eaten part of a Tyger, which for fix Moneths toges | Sssrstrcitinnofa Tyy
ther, had every night feafted.on Mans flefh, or Beafts, which they caught in this
manner: Inthe Path along which he pals’d, coming out of his Den to feek for
Prey, a deep Pit was dige’d, and cover’d very fleightly on the top, into which
the Tyger fell; yet shongh taken, fo fiercely withftood the Pikes, Darts, and
Stones res athim, that every one was amaz'd to fee the fury of the Beaft.
After that they fought Pas the Female, but found onely two young ones with-
out a Dam, which taking along with hee , they put Iron Collars about their
Necks, iniepiting to carry them to Spain ; but feeing no likelyhood of breeds
ing them up, they brought them back again, purpofing to fetch them away.
when grown fomewhat older, and accordingly coming afterwards to look for
them , they found the Denermpty , fo that it was fuppoled they aid been de-
your -dby their Dam.
~ Inthe Province of Bononiama, oie Spaniards inrich’d themfelves with Chains, stanne: further Journes
and Breaft-Plates of Gold, which in great plenty hung on the Walls in every preter
tai Silk
Houke : At the River Cilio, they difcharg’d Teaocha’s Guides, and made ufe
of Cotog and (iuriza, two Governors of a barren Trad of Land: full of Hills
and Mountains; which they left on their right Hand, and sane three days
over a Moraffe, in which they often funk to their Knees.
In all thefe Travels, Viétual was fo f{carce that they were’ much weaken’d :
by their wants; and though they took frefh courage when they got footing on
King Buchebua’ TGaLiition, yet they found nothing but empty Huts; and the
like,
 AMER (ICA. — | Chap. HI.
like in the Cones of Chiori{us, both having a little before been pillag’d by -
their more powerful neighboring Enemies. But although they could not fur:
nifh Nunnez with Provifions, they prefented kim with.w eighty Ingots of Gold:
but this rich Metal not ableto purchafe the leaft morfel of Bread: drove them
into agreat ftrait; and indeed they had wichout doubt been all famifhed,
had not Pocchoro/a, sninghiee King, fed them forty days together with ftamp’ d
Roots. Thus refrefh’d, and inftigated by Pocchorofa, they broke by night in
Tubunama’s Palace , and took him Prifoner with eighty Cpieubinde: who
fearing to be put todeath, gave an incredible Treafure of Gold to puneiers
his Ration
Nunnez, thus enriched cameé at laft to his People which
ve he had left on the
River Daria, where two Ships fent from Figpaniola rode 4tan Anchor. |
Pete? Arias his Voyage,
and Fight in the Haven Whilft things were thus carry’d in America, Peter Arias Sail'd with fifteen
St. Martha,
Ships, Mann’d with fifteen hundred Men, to New Andalufia, by the Mlands
Martinina, Guadalupe, and Galanta, allin America: a con derail time he Sail’d
through ‘he Sea overgrown wieh Weeds. Afterwards anchoririg in the Haven
St. Martha, he receiy’d a great repulfe from the Natives, who no ways daunted
at the bignefs of the Ships, waded up to their Breafts in the Sea, and fhot many
great flights of poifonous Arrowsat the Spuniards, of whomtwo being wound-
ed immediately died. Arias fending fome ofhis Men afhore, they found ma-
ny Boats lying full of Nets, gale of tough Weeds, and Rapes pleited of
Rufhes, :
In the Haven St. Martha, being three Leagues wide, are abundance of Fifh,
which may be feen under Water twenty Fathom deep.
But now the Spaniards that were afhore breaking into the Houfes, and taking
Women and Children Prifoners , the Americans prepar’d for eahitins Fight,
which at the beginning was very fierce ;but at ap they were forc’d to quit the
Field.
Strange Houfes
Honthold-ftuff.
and Their Houfes re Furniture in them are worthy of obfervation: their, Cie-
- lings being cover’d with Shells ftrung on {mall Thred, which make a pleafing:
noife, when mov'd by the leaft breath of Wind. The Walls are hung with fine”
Stuffs; woven full of Imagery, as Cranes, Lyons, Tygers, and fome Figures of
Men ; the Floors are cover’d with -parti-colour’d Mats, made of Sea-Reeds,
and. feveral tough Roots ; and their eerpe befet with Pearladd al{o a great
beauty to their Rooms.
In the Valleys the Spaniards found feveral precious Jems, as Baphiresy Jaf-
per, Emeralds, and great pieces of Amber; and in fome Huts, scmningir and.
Chefts full of rie‘d Locufts, and Crabs.
Here alfo grows the Root Yuca, as alfo on feveral other We/t-Indian Coafts, of
which they make their beft Bread; -and is call’d in Hispaniola and Angola, Tuca :
by the Brafilians, Mandiba and Mandiboks . by the Mexicans, Quaubcamotl: :
grows with athick or midling Body, according to the fruitfulnefs or basal
neds of the Soil ;the Leaves are like thofe ofa Tulip, and have {mall Flowers
and Seed, but no ways ufeful, the Root, not unlike Horfe-Raddifh, hath a
milky Juice, which {wells ic exceedingly , the Sprigs, which in the eighth and.
tenth: Moneth hoot out of the Roor, live for new Plants ; andif at any time.
it happen, that either by a moift Seaton: or by Worms, or Pifires the Plant
is {poil’d, then it occafions fuch an inconyenience amongft the Inhabitants,
that half of them in that year die of Famine.
What ufe the Americans
make of the Root A4andi- The, Leaves of the Mandihoka ferve them for Sallads. Out of the Root,
boka,
which
 ~

Chap. | AMERICA. | 73

'
| =

}3 Zp

él ae
ri S

which they lay foaking five days in Water, they make Meal, which the Portu-
guefe call Farina frefca, but the Americans, Vipeba. - Moreover, Mandihoka. ferves
them to make Bread, which they bake over the Fire ; and mix’d with Water,
Pepper, and the Flour Nhbambi, makes an excellent Pudding, by*them call’d
Mingaude Carima, no lefs pleafing to the tafte than wholfom Food.: and with
-Orange-Flour, Water, and Sugar, it makes that excellent Julep Tipioca. The
Powder of Mandiboka put into a Wound, cures very {peedily. Ic is very plea
{ant to fee the Americans eat this Bread, for they tofs ic by handfuls at a pretty
diftance from theit Mouthes without letting fall the leaft Crum. Laftly, it
requires great art and trouble to make the Mandiboka fit for Bread: firft they
muft peel off the Shell, then put into a Mill turn’d by two Indians ic falls,
being Ground, into a {quare Trough. The Juice proceeding from it is mortal,
if eaten when raw, but wholfom if boil’d: the Meal they put in a Prefs, and
when all the moifture is drawn from it, they ftrow it in an Oven to dry. Buc
the.wild Mandiboka, by thofe that liveon the Sea-fhore call’d Cuace Mandiiba,
and up inthe Countrey, Cuquacucuremia, differs both in fhape and goodnefs
from the firft. | 3
But to return to our matter: Arias coming to an Anchor in the River Daria, , ie in New
was cheerfully receiv'd by Nunnex;~his firft Bufinels which he undertook was
the building of three Forts, to fecure the Paffages to the South Sea; to which
purpofe Foannes Aiora received the Command over four hundred Workmen.
Moreover, Arias took great diflike in the Place call’d Maria Antiqua, which the
Spaniards were fore’d by neceffity firft to Plant in: it lay ina deep Valley be-
tween high Mountains, fo that icnot onely wanted the benefit of the rifing and
fetting of the Sun, but when in or near the Meridian, it fhin’d down upon
them, and fcorch’d all their Plants, and the tepifi'd Moraffy Grounds about
the fame infe&ted the Air, andthe Water which they took up to wath their ~
Houfes, immediately bred Frogs, the River Daria overflow’d the Grounds
with his muddy Water three Leagues diftance from the Sea ; the Paflage thither
| L alfo
 74 “A MEBKRIC A. Chap. I:
alfo was very troublefom, becaufe of the uneven Ways; and befides, the Ty-
gers and Lyons devour’d many People and Cattel. i) ee
A firange Accident. The firft Night that Arias lay in Maria Antiqua, the Houfe wherein his Chi- °
rurgion Lodg’d was fir'd with Lightning, who running out with his Wife, be-
ing both {corched by the Flames, faw a very great Crocodile, which fnatch-
ing up his Dog ran away with him towards the River. pa |
Remarkable Trees.
The neighboring Territory Coiba produced Trees, whofe Timber us’d for’
Shipping never breeds Worms, becaufe of its acerbity,; whereas on the con-
trary, all other Veflels in that Countrey are-very fubject to that inconvenience.
Here alfo grow thofe famous Plague-Trees; whofe very Leaves, if but falling
upon one, are like Gods Arrows, mortal,and immediately kill, unlefs the Place
whereon they light be ftraightway anointed with fafting Spittle : and the Coi-
benfers fay, that they know another poyfonous Wood, which they ufe to de-
{troy their Enemies withall.
a)
Whilft Arias was confulting about the beforemention’d Affairs, he fent feve-.
liad
i ral Comanders to divers Places, to take a furvey, and give him an account of
ae
Remarkable Journey of
Moralis to the South Sea,
their Return of all their Difcoveries. Amongft others Ga/ber Moralis was order’d
1 iB to march towards the South Sea, to confirm the Peace which Nunnex had begun
if
ft
4
:

with the Kings Chiapes and ‘Tumaccus ; and chiefly to go to the Pearl-Ifland with
vy
|
>|
4
cw 8

fixty Men, which Nunnez, was forc’d to leave, being ftrefs'd by tempeftuous
:
iy
‘
)
j hié
Weather. Chiapes and Tumaccus were according to their promife, to prepare an
Army ready for his affiftance againft his coming ;which indeed they pers
form’d, fo that they wanted nothing but Veffels, for the biggelt of theirs could
not carry above three or fout Men ; yet they undertaking their Enterprife,
Landed feventy Men on the Ifland; upon which the Inhabitants under their
Kings Conduét ran to meet the new Landed Forces, and crying out aloud
Guazzdvara, Guazzavara, they ran in amongft the Mufqueteers with their woods
den Swords ; but the report of the Guns, mix’d with Fire, Smoak, and Bullets,
foon amaz’dthem : the King flying, thought by alarm to raife all the Iflane
ders; but they being informéd, that no People whatfoever could withftand the
fire-{pitting People, made Articles of agreement with Moralis, and Condition’d
to deliver a hundred pound weight of the choiceft Pearls to the ufe of the King ©
of Caftile ; and as a teftimony of his Friendfhip he was Chriften’d Peter Arias,
from the Governors Name of New Andalufia.
Strange Pearl] How great the Treafure was which Moralis brought from the Pearl Ifland
may appear by one of the Pearls, for which Pope Leo the tenth gave forty
four thoufand Ducats to a Venetian Merchant.
Amongft the Commanders which were fent out by Arias, was alfo Jobana
nes Solifivs, who Sailing fix hundred Leagues Southerly, along the Coaft of the
Caribbies, beyond (ape St. Auguftine, he found the Inhabitants of Pernambuck to
be no lefs cruel. than fubtile ; for being invited afhore, he with fome of
Solifius his miferable his Men Row’d thither, where no fooner Landing, but were
én d, all kill’d and
eaten in the fight of the other Sea-men aboard ; at which being amaz'd they
weighed Anchor, and Sail’d away, Freighted onely with Brafile Wood, to ©
Cadiz. '
Afo in an unhappy hour did Jobannes Pontens putfome of his Laundreffes
afhore on the Ifland ‘Guadalupa, to wath fome Linnen for him, for the Iflan-
ders coming ona fudden out of the Woods furpriz’d them, and forthwith kil-
ling without mercy, cut them in pieces, and cartbonadoing, eat their broil’d
Fleth hot from the Coals, while Gonfalws Badajocivs Sail’d with eighty Men
; Wefterly,
Chap. IL. AM ERIC &Z: 4 75°
Wefterly,and having gone fixty Leagues he went afhore,and fpent fome days in
was
-yain,to Cotrrt the Americans to a friendly correfpondency : which whilft he
doing, he was recruited with fifty Men from Daria, Commanded by Lodowick
Mercado : fo both agreed together to travel over the Mountains to the South Seq:
"The Governor Jaana, whofe Jurifdictions abound in Gold, flying with moft
Stange Slaves.
part of his Treafure, was never heard of, onely they took fomeof his Slaves,
whofe Faces were ftrangely Carv’d with fharp Fifh-bones, the Wounds
GIl’d with red and black Powder, . which fo difcolour’d the Flefh that it could
never be gorout. After that they travell’d through the Wildernefs five days
together, being onely met by fome Indians carrying Maiz, who fignifi'd to them,
that King Periguete liv’d along the Sea-fhore, and up into the Countrey the
blind Totonoga ; of both. which they got an unvaluable Treafure of Gold. Great poott.
Amongtt other Pieces of that rich Metal was one which weighed two pound.
Taracura rais’d in this Expedition eighteen thoufand weight of Gold: and 9
.
little lefs did they take out of the Territories belonging to the Princes Pana-
nome, Tabor, Cheru, and Scoria : The Prifoners ferv’d them in ftead of Horfes,
they not being able to carry all the Gold themfelves, the meaneft Soldier having
|
above three thoufand Pounds Sterling for his fhare.
They were now got to Panza’s Kingdom, not without leaving fad remarks _ pefirasion of the Spe-
of theit avarice and cruelties. When Pariza furrounding this Party thus loaden
with Gold, Charged fo fiercely, that atthe firft Affault feventy of them were
flain, thofe few that efcap’d brought the tidings of their fad misfortune to
Peter Arias. Amorigft thofe that efcaping return’d, was Francifcus Delapuente,
whofe obfervations concerning catching Parrots and wild Fowl, we will
briefly relate, the digreffion being but fhort. |
wig ts catch
The Indian where the Parrots are moft frequent climbs inté a Tree, and sb aay
.
chattering like them, with his Voice imitating their Notes, allures his fellow-
prater to draw near, and fufferhim to take them in his Hands. But more
belongs to the taking of wild Fowl, as Geefe, Ducks, Swans, and the like :
From the bottom of their tanding Pools and Lakes in that Countrey grow
Weeds, which {pteading upon the Water ripen, and rotting breed Water-
Flies, Spiders, and Frogs, upon which the Fowls feed. Near thefe Pools in
the Gardens grow Cabbages as high as Trees, which often dropping into the
Water ferve the Birds both for Neftsand Food: but the skilful Fowler finds
it his beft way to take one of thefe Cabbages, and making ic hollow in the
middle, claps it on his Head like a Helmet, then going into the Water up to
his Chin, and paffing foftly along infuch manner, that nothing is feen but the
floating Cabbage, and coming near the Birds, he takes them one after another
by the Legs, and puts them into a Bag ty’d about his middle for that purpofe.
But what is more worthy obfervation is the American Bird Toucan Xochitena-~ suange Bird Tomean.
chate, having a flefhy Bill, like a Mouth full of Teeth, which continually opens |
and fhuts to draw Breath, having no Noftrils,; the Back, Neck, and Wings,
ate black, the Breaft yellow like Gold, the Belly and end of the Tail of a
Vermillion colour. |
This Bird Toucan feeds for the moft part on Pepper, which tarries not long — EvacuatedPepper.
with them, but muted almoft as foon as fwallowed = which Pepper thus eva-
cuated the Natives value above their common, becaufe the unpleafing {harp
acidity, or biting quality is thereby much mitigated.
But to return: Whilft the Expeditions under the Command of Peter Arias
had fuch bad fuecefs, Arias himfelf and Vafchus Nunnex hapned to chafh:Nun-
L 2 nex
 AMERICA. Chap. III.
nex, who fince his difcovery of the South Sea was held in fome tepuce at the
Spanifh Court, had built four Ships on the Shore of the fame.Ocean, to make
farther infpections along the Coafts thereof : but being commanded to come _
to Arias the Governor, he was'committed to Prifon, and accufed of high Trea-
fon, as if he had interttions to fettle himfelf in Peru, and abfolutely to have left
Daria: all:which though he difown'id, and ucterly deni’d with great protefta-
tions when brought toa ‘Trial, andno witnefs to affirm the contrary, yet was
by Arias’s fpecial Order Beheadedi)) Bee | |
Not long after:which Lupus Sofa, Governor of the Canary Ilands, was fent. to
fucceed Arias in New: Andalufia. a4 ‘a | os

Shot
The. Expeditions of Francifco Fernandez, Lupus Caizedus, Chriftophero
Mordntes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan Grifalvas. ’ .

Ernandez, Caizedus, and Morantes, antient Planters in Cuba, obtain’d.a Licence

from the Governor Diego Vela/ques; to Rig out three Ships witha hundred
and ten Meh to difcover new Lands. : Velafques thought fit to add one more
to their number upon the Kings account; which Truft he committed to Ignie
guex,: all of them confulted with the experienc’d Navigator Antonio Alamines.
Six days the Fleet had been at Sea, when they difcover’d Land, which by a
Original of the Name
Fucatan. miftake was call’d Fucatan, becaufe the Inhabitants being ask’d what’ was the
Name of the Coaft, anfwer’d Jucatan; which, asthe Spaniards were afterwards
inform’d, fignifi'd, We underftand you not. w hiatal:
Stately City. Upon the Shore they found a City, whofe Stone Buildings, .with ftately
Fronts and high Turrets, {hew’d moft magnificently. Fernandez call’d this -
City for. its wonderful bignefs, Cairo, from the Egyptian Metropolis, famous
through the World, 90.
The Spaniards coming to Land were courteoufly receiy’d, and conduéted in-
to the City ; the neatnefs of whofe Marketplaces, and exaétnefs of their
Streets, they beheld with admiration; as alfo the coftly Stuff Garments both
of Men and Women : but their wonder increas’d when they beheld. very arti-
ficial Croffés, concerning which upon inquiry they related, That.a Man more
glorious than the Sun, being bufie in ere€ting the Croffes, died. But thefe
People, though fo courteous and civil at fir, feem’d in few days to be weary
of theit company ; which the Spaniards obferving founded a Retreat, and Sailt
ing Wefterly, proceeded on their intended Defign, and foon after anchord
Campechinm a City. before Campechium s the King-of which condugted Fernandéx and Morantes, with
fome others, into the City, confifting of three thoufand Houfes. Inhis Palace
they were entertain’d with all manner of Fowl roafted’: After which retrefhs
ment they furvey’d the City, in which, amongft other curious Build ings, was
Remarkable Images,and a high, but {quare Theatre of Marble, on which ftood the Image of a Man, on
flrange Stage,
all corners aflaulted by four wild Beafts, which were of a no lef firange than
horrible fhape. Not far from’ this Image they faw a Serpent fafhion’d up of
Chalk and little Stones; whofe coyl’d-up Tail was forty feven Foor long, and
ofa proportionable:thicknefs, .This Serpent, Sprinkled with Mens Blood. yet
warm, feem’d to prey upon a Marble Lyon: both thefe were inclos’d witha
Stone Rail, within which Malefadtors were daily executed. BloodyBows and
Atrows broke in final] pieces lay between the Bones and dead Bodies. Igniguer,
~ eall’d
Chap. AMERICA. 7

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call’d the King Lazarus, becaufe he difcover’d his Countrey on St. Lazarus’s
Day. f
- Making no long ftay here; they return’d to their Ship, and weighing An-
chor Sail’d fifty Leagues more Wefterly, the Fleet got fight of Mofcobo, in the MofioboaCity?
Territory Aguanil, whofe King affaulted the Spaniards with fo much fury, that
two and twenty of ther were flain, and fcarce one efcap’d which was not Spaniards flain,

wounded : wherefore they retutn’d, with bad fuccefs‘to Cuba. Yet Velafques ‘

no ways difcourag’d thereat, not long after fitted out four Veffels, Manning
them with three hundred Menunder the Command of Juan Grifalya and Ala-
mines; who having Sail’d feventy Leagues ,difcover’d the fruitful Ifland Co/umella, Mighty Tfland Cofumella.

along whofe Shore ftood fair Stone Edifices, intermix’d with Temples, whofe
Steeples appeat’d above the Houfes. Grifalva beitig led up into one of thefe
Steeples by a Prieft, faw ata diftance off at Sea the Territory Jucatan: and in
the Place where they were,there were {pacious Halls, full of Marble and Stone
Images of deformed Men and Beafts, which with a murmuring noile, and
burning of incenfe they religioufly worfhip. The Spaniards call’d this [land
Santta Cruz. |
Sailing from hence they direéted their Courfe to Campechium , where the >
year before they had been fo civilly treated , where arriving, and without any
fear coming afhore, they found the Campechiums quite of another humor than
they were the former year, telling them, They would not fuffer any Strangers
to beamoneft them; and placing a burning Torch between theirs and the Spa-
-nifh Forces, threatned, That if they did not depart in quiet, they would force
them: which accordingly they endeavor’d, making a fierce Onfet upon the Spariards fight with the
Campechians,
Spaniards, who being now come under their Battlements, when they faw their
advantage, pour’d what they had kept as a referve, whole Volleys of {mall
Shot amongft them; which ftruck fo much terror, that they all ran away,
fhifting for themfelves, and crowding into the City. ,
The Spaniards found afterwards Fucatan to be but a Peninfula, and came be-
” L 3 fore
 AMERICA Chap. Ill.

bi

;
II

forea-River which fell om fo ftrong a Current into the Mexican Sea, thar.it
retain’d its {weetnels for the {pace of two Leagues. fe
Strange paflages on Za-
elce, This River, flowing out of the Province Tabafco, was call’d Grifalya': upon
whofe Banks food above fix thoufand Americans ;and in the Water appear’da
hundred Boats with Armed Men, which Row’d aboard the Spanifh Ships.
The Interpreters of Cuba, whofe Language agrees for the moft part with the
Tabafcers, prevail’d fo much, that the King him(elf came to the chief Com-
mander Grifalva, and bartering with him, gave him as much Gold as his Iron
Helmet, Breaftplate, and other Atmor weighed.
Sacrifice-Ifand.
Soon after they Landed on the Ifland of Sacrifice, fo call’ dcfrom the horrid
Sacrifices which the Inhabitants made daily.- |
Exceeding horrible Sa-
crifices, Amongft other ftrange Images, there ftood a great Lyon of Marble, feem-
ing almoft deéollated with a great gafh; into which Wound they pour’d hu-
mane Blood warm, which’ was receiv’d into a Stone Trough fet for that pur-
pole underneath ; hee the Figure of aMan Carv'din Alabafter, bowing fore
ward, as if looking intothe
i Trough upon the Blood. Thofe which were
Geeeed were Prifoners takep on the neighboring Coafts, whom bringing
before their Idols, they ripping open make no farther inipe Ciel but onely
to whip out the Heart ;with which having {mear’d the Lips of their Idols, they ©
throw itinto the Fire:i, Heads and Corps they let lie unburi ‘d ;whofe ae
parts, efpecially their Cheeks, they feaft upon.
Maiden-Ifland.
The next Ifland is inkiabived by Women , to which Annually their Neigh-
bors go, pretending merry kindnefs, but upon amorous inclinations: and
Plough and Till their Ground, and Weed their Gardens.
Pontenchianum a City.
The chief City of Tabafco is Pontenchianum, and contains above fifteen hun-
dred Houfes, all built of Stone hardned with baking after their manner ;
which in fome Places, befides their Turrets and Temples, yield a pleafant Pros
{pect at agreatdiftance. Fourteen eminent Towns more did the Spantar‘ds alfo
fee in Tabafco.
When
Chap. IH. AMEKIC A. 79
When in converfing with them they obfery’d their ftrange manner of Seal. Strangé making of Ob-
ligations, ie,
ing their Bargains and Contracts one with another, they were amaz’d, for not t
ufing Wax,they ufually Seal’d their Compaéts with their own Blood,common:
ly drawn with a Stone Knife, either from their Tongue, Hand,otArms.
Their Priefts live fingle, and if found to be Unchaft, are punifht with Death.
An Adulterefs is fold for a Slave : Unmarry’d People may not frequently con-
verle with Matry’d: Thirty five days in the year makes their Lent, in- which
they abftain not onely from Flefh, but Fifth alfo, feeding onely upon Roots
and Herbs. In this place the Spaniards were teceiv’d in great. ftate, Canopy’d
with green Palm-Tree-Branches, and in like manner conduéted aboard again,
not without many Prefents, viz» the Effigies of a Man curioufly wrought in
Gold, wherewith they return’d to Cuba | :

Sect. IX,

The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian, common, call’d Magellane.

“He Bifhop Bartholomew de (afis, living a confiderable time in Hifpaniola, Bifhop Cafs fad effe& con-
cerning the Pearl catching.
, in the City Dominico, being inform’d of the abundance of Pearls which
were caught before Cubagua , and the unfupportable cruelty of the Spaniards
there under Ocampus, us’d againft the Inhabitants, went to Spain, with a defion
to obtain of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, the Government over. Cumana and
Cubagua, under pretence, to draw the ignorant Natives from their Idolatry, to
Chriftianity ;which his requeft was efpecially promoted by William of Nuffaw,
the Emperors prime Favorite; fo that having-his Letters Patents granted to
that purpofe, he took Ship, and arriv’d with three hundred Spanifh Gentlemen
of Quality in (umana: And that they might have the greater re{pect fhown to
them there, they had each a Red Crofs given them, fuch as the Knights of
Calatrava generally wear. Yet little did Ocampws, the old Governor of Cumana,
regard either them or their Authority ; for in ftead of receiving and fubmit-
ting, he kept the Bifhop de (ajis out by force of Arms; who then made.com-
plaint to the Vice-Roy of the Weft-Indies in Hispaniola, and in the mean time, put
his Cargo into a new Store-houfe. |
But whilft he made his Addreffes, Ocampus having fufficiently inrich’d him-
felf departed, which incourag’d the Cumaners, who already were incens’d, and
weary of their former fufferings, to venture on a defign, whereby they might Dy»
revenge themfelves of the Spaniards, which their undertaking prov’d fo fuccefs-
ful, that very few efcap’d the Maflactre:; Of which, de (afis being inform’d,
and much difcontented thereat, betook himfelf to a Dominican Cloyfter in Hi-
fpaniola. ; | |
Yet not long after, the Cumaners paid dear for that flaughter, for one Caftellio, Cruelty of Cafleligo in Cu-
mana.
though not without feveral Engagements, with various fuccefs, lafting forty
days together, having at laft utterly vanquifh’d them, put to an ignominious
Death, Hanging up feventy of their Princes, and to them of meaner quality,
fhewing as little mercy. .
As little fuccefs had Lodowick Lampagnano, ent out by fome Spanifh Merchants,
with Letters Patents from the Emperor to Fifh for Pearl, before the fame Cuba-
ga; to which purpofe he carry’d peculiar Nets and other neceffaries with him.
But the Cubaguan Spaniards unanimoufly withftood him , fo that not being able Lampaguana difcontented,

to effect his defign, oyer-power'd with a Melancholly Diftemper that broke his
Heart, he dy’d. ; In
 So AMERICA. Chap. IIL
MageBanus Expedition, Inthe interim, while thefe {carce confiderable Voyages turn’d to fo {mall
how it happend,
account, Ferdinand Magaglianus (for fo Peter Martyr calls him, and not Magella-
nus, which herein déferves to be credited, becaufe they were jnbiearel9 ac-
quainced, and great friendfhip between ret) undertook to Sail round about
the World; thie occafion of which we will here relate at large:
This Magaglianus, or Magellanus, a Gentleman of Portugal, having perform’d
things of great importance for his King, in Africa, although with no lefs trou-
ble than Charge, defir’d an addition of half aDucket a Moneth added to his
Annual Penfion ; an inconfiderable Sum to make a Requeft for, yet though fo
little, was as niggardly deny’d: Whereupon, highly incenfed, he fludy’d no
little revenge ;to which effect ,foon after an opportunity was prefented, by
means of Francifcus Serranus, ah writ from Ternata tohim, that he fhould
{peedily come thither, chick he foon after did upon this account:
Pope Alexander the Sixth, having fixt Terminaries between the Kings of Ca-
flile and Portugal, both bufie at thar time in difcovering new Countreys, Or-
der’d, .That Ca/tile fhould poffefs all the Coafts lying to the Weft of the chief
Meridian, and Portugal to the Eaft : By vertue of this.partition, the rich Spicy
Molucca Mlands fell abfolutely to the Portuguefe : Now Magellanus perf{waded
Charles the Fifth, that they might be Sail’d to with a Wefterly Courfe, and there-
fore belong’d to Caftile ;: Which advice, Charles the Fifth confidering, and ap-
proving, Rigg’d out five Ships, with which Magellanus fet Sail from Seyil, the
tenth of Anguft, Anno 1519. five Moneths he ply’d up and down the Coaft in-
Strange Giarty
habited by the Patagones ,where he found none but one fingle Perfon , or ra-
ther a Monfter, a Giant ten Foot high, who coming Aboard his Ship, decease d
a great Hamper full of Biskets, and at one Draught drunk up nine Pottels of
Water. He alfo faw feveral Trees which had been Hew’n with Axes, and Crof=
fes made on the tops of them. Whilft he lay in that Harbor, which was call’d
St. Julian, he Cafhier’d his Vice-Admiral, fohn Carthagena, with his Father Con-
feffor, and {paring their lives, fet them afhore, and there left them to feek
their Fortunes, though they had Confpir'd to Murther him.
Streights of Magellan; Magellanus from thence Sailing afterwards Southerly along America, to forty —
how found.
two Degrees Southern Latitude, was engag’d with the eddyings of a very
ftrong Current, which driving one of the Ships into a Bay, {plit againft a
blind Rock, but the Men being fav’d in their Boat, were driven farther and
farther into a-Channel between high and Snowy Mountains ; whereupon he
immediately judg’d (as the famous Negromancer Roderick Talerus had often
told him) that there was the Paflage, through which the Northern Ocean
flow’d into the Southern ; wherefore he refolutely adventur’d to Sail into
thofe Sraights, which in fome places narrow, and in others broad, is an hun-
dred and twenty Leagues long, and full of fmall Ifles and dangerous Rocks. ~
Whilft he ftill Sail’d on, the Ship call’d Antonio, Tacking about, return’d to
Cadiz.
But Magellanus enter’d the great South-Sea with three Sail, on the 25. of Offo«
ber, where the Sea-men fuffer’d extremely by exceflive Heat, Drought, and Fa-
mine, three’Moneths and twenty Days, without fight of Land: And aow,
their Shooes, and the Leather which cover’d their Shields,
,began alfo to grow
{carce ( which before had been counted a Dainty ) when they difcover’d two
Iflands lying two hundred Leagues diftance one from another, yet both Defo-
late and Barren, wherefore they were call’d the Unfortunate Iles: After that,
they came smongtt a great number of Iflands, w hole Inhabitants were much —
inclin’d
 Chap. TI) | AMERICA. SI
inclin’d to"Thievery ; for which caufe they Denominated them Ladron
es, the
chiefeft Ifland call’d Borneo, hath two hundred fifty four Leagues
in Circum-
ference, whereon a Tree gtows, whofe Leaves when faln off,
feem to be alive
and creep like Worms. The King of this Ifland entertain’d the Spaniards
very
courteoully, two Elephants bringing hisPrefents to them on the Shore, out of
a City confifting of twenty thoufand Houfes.
Near Borneo are two leffer Ilands,call’Zuo
d, and Matan; The King of Zubo free-
ly fubmitced himfelf to the Spaniards, and Magellanus leaving his Fleet at
Anchor Magellanus flain.
in the Haven,went with his own and other Indian Boats,and
attended with fome
of the Zubenfers to Matan, where fetting a Village on Fire,he carry’d great
Riches
from thence: This not fatisfying , he refolv’d within eight
days to fet upon
the Royal Head-City , but the King in his own Defence, Encou
ntering with
Magellanus, flew him, and feven Spaniards mote, befides twenty two dange
roufly
wounded ; thofe which efcap’d by flight, got to Zubo, where being invite
d to Spaniards murdered;
Dinner by the King, they were all of them (in flead of afecon
d Courfe) Mur.
ther’d at Table. The occafion of this was outof Revenge, becaule
the Spaniards
had fall’n too foul upon their Women and Maids, Devirginating, and
forcing
them to their Pleafure, than which rudenef{s nothing was among
them more
Deteftable. The Sea-men weakned by thefe Misfortunes , were
neceffitated to
burn their third Ship, call’d, St. Jago, but Sailing to the Molucc
o Mlands with
the other two,they Freighted them both with Cloves; with which the Ship
Tri-
nitas Sail’d to New-Spain through the South-Sea, and the Victoria, Commande
d An end of the Voyage
by fobn Sebaftian de Lano went the fame way which the Portuguese us'd, and foto about the world,

St. Lucar de Barramedd® near Sivile, where he came to Anchor with his Ship and
eighteen Men. | |
SECTT. Xs

Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage.

Lthough feveral’ Expeditions of the Spaniards to Americd prov'd vety un-

fuccefsful at the firft, yer they ftill undertook them afrefls, ‘and with re-
newing Courage: Ferdinando Sottus, thotigh ke Landed: five hundred Men in Sottws cruelry.
Florida, yet brought no Treafure from thence » onely he cut off the
Hands of
fiftéen Princes, becaufe they would not difcover their Mines of Gold.
Yet far worfe’ fiiccels had Pamphilus Narvaex, who loft both: his Fleet and Miferable end of Narvaer.

Men, faving onely ten out of fix hundred, in the River Palma, and they alfo afs
terwatds dy'd there,or éat one anotlier to fatishie their raging Hunger,
But much better was the fortune of Ferdinando Cortex, Sailing from. Spain to Cortez his Voyage,

America, in the Year 1519+ who having the Command given him over ten ftout
Ships, and three Frigats with five hundred Foot, and an additional. Force
of
fixteen Horfe; rais’'d by the new Spanifh Inhabitants on Cuba. with which For-
ces Landingon the Ifland Cozumella’, he prohibited Humane Sacrifice to their
Idols; and Eredted-a Crofs with the Image of the Virgin Mary, in one oftheir
Temples, and releas’d Hieronimus Aquilaris, after a fever years Slavery, having ‘Remarkable delivery,
fuffer’d Shipwrack with Valdivia; at which time fome that fay’d themfel
ves in
the Boat, were by the Current in thirty days driven to Jucatan, in whichtime
feven dy'd. of Hunger,, the reft going afhore, were no fooner.Landed,'but Sas
crific’'d by the Natives to their Gods or Zemes. Among the fix that remain’d,yee
left alive, and to be offer’d. after'the fame manner ithe next day, was this,
4qui-
laris, who with his Companions, breaking Prifon, in the following night
. fed
to
 es ve AMERICA. - Chapriin
a continual War
to a Neighboring Prince theit Enemy,and one that maintain’d
|
againft thefe Cannibals.
Countrey, but
Strange Battel. Here Cortez fent Articles of Peace to Taxmarus the King of the
the Field with forty thou-
he fleighting his proffex, came down upon him into
contain’d above twenty
fand Men, drawn from the City Potanchanum , which
here feen their
choufand Houfes,all built of Stone : And indeed the Spaniards had
the Enemies under his
laft day, had not Cortex drawn by a feeming advantage
the Rear ;
~ Canon, and fent his {mall Party of Horfe to attend the motion of
the
when fo foon as they had fir’d their Canon, making great Execution,
Guns, they
Front routed, and the Rear terrifi'd with the noife and {moke of the
were fo
alfo broke, being at the fame inftant Charg’d with the Horfe, which
e,
terrible to them that never faw Horfes, nor fuch Service on Horfeback befor
ated,
"that ina fhort time the whole Body of fo great an Army was utterly diffip
Potanchanum,
Petanchanum, aCity. and the triumphing Conquerors took poffeffion of the empty City
hence they Sail’d to
i | where Solacing, they ftaid a whole Moneth. Then from
gft
‘ae i | Colvaca, where, upon the requeft of the Natives, they fettled a Colony. Amon
their
ah the Prefents which were there given to the Spaniards , were fome of
Hi f z Dives Rooks ot een Volumes, Books, whofe Leaves were made of the innermoft Rind of a
the Cha-
ples. ~~" ‘Tree, and a kind of Pafte, made of their Meal, glew’d together;
raéters ftood at fome diftance one after another, rang’d like our Chrift- Crofs Row,
or 4, B,C. EOS | |
Here Cortex was amaz’d to behold their ftately Temples, the Floors whereof
to
were cover'd with Embroyder’d Tapeftry, befet with Precious Stones,
which great multitudes flock’d, being very zealous to perform their Devoti-
ons.
of-
When their Seed is put into the Ground, or come to its full growth, they
fer young Children to their Zemex, richly Cloth’d, having been fatten’d fome.
Weeks before :,When they want Children they kill their Slaves, and in de-
fault of them, they pacifie them with Dogs.
Straiige Sacrifices? The Viétims that go to be Sacrific’d, they Worfhip with all Adoration, Bows
ing and Congying before them. |
Strange IdolkWorfhip: ‘heir Zeal in this their Idol-Worfhip may appear from a ftrange Cuftom,
obferv’d by them when they enter their Temple, viz. they either draw Blood
out of their Tongues, Lips, Ears, Breaft, Knees, or Palm of their Hands,which
they throw into the Air, fuppofing thereby to be pardon’d by their indulgent
|
Gods.
Zempoal, 4 City. In the City Zempoal, Cortez found five Slaves, who being kept clofe Prifone
ers, were to be Sacrific’d the next day; but he releafing them, did upon the
importunate requeft of the Quines, or Priefts, and promifes of great ranfoms,
and their telling of him that the Zemex would fpoil all their Seed and Plants
that year, if they did not go on with thefe Offerings, reftor'd the Prifoners
again ; who, though the enjoyments of all happinefles in the other World were
promis’d them by their Prieft, and great affurance given thereof; yet they
were not forward, but return’d, unwilling to fuffer, though by fo gainful a Sa-
crifice. | |
her, and
Zemevienderfal tdol} =»-At the Zemex Feet hung abundance of Mens Bones bundled up toget
under them were Written the Names of their Enemies, whofe Flefh had been
either Sacrific’d or eaten. |
Twelve Leagues beyond Zempoal, Cortex builea new City near the Rivet
Grifalva, and call’d isVera Crux, which Diego Velafques relented fo ull, it being
done
 : . s

Chap. IIL. | AMERICA 83

done without his knowledge,that he petition’d the Council of (uba to give Setis
tence of Death againft the Founder: But whilft Cortex expected an anfwer
from the Embafladors (which were fent to the Spanifh Court to give account
of the neceflity of building a City there) he travell’d eighty Leagues Wefterly.
The Zempoalenfers accompanied him in great Troops, hoping by that means
to fhake off the yoke of the mighty King Montezuma, againft whom they were
then defign’d. (ortez coming into the Territory of Sincuchimalar, was in the Cortes his Exploits
Name of Montezuma, by one of his Princes, courteoufly entertain’d in a great
Village, {cituate on a fteep Mountain, without any Path or Way leading to ic,
but by two high Ladders. Sincuchimalar lies furrounded with Hills, whofe
tops feem to touch the Clouds. Coming down from the Village, they tra-
vell’d through a barren and cold Valley, where they fuffer’d fuch great Incone
veniences by want of Provifions and Water, and exceeding coldnefs of the
Weather, that many of them perifh’d. After that, they afcended a pleafant
Hill, on whofe fummit ftood a Chappel, with a handfom Steeple, and hedg’d
about with great heaps of Wood, brought thither by the Inhabitants for the
ufe of their Sacrifices. At the foot of this Mountain was a fruitful Valley
water'd by a pleafant River, on whofe Banksa certain Prince nam’d Cacatami-
nus hada Palace, built of Stone, and containing many Rooms,and convenient
Lodgings. Somewhat higher tothe Land, appear’d more of the like Scru-
cures, which were all under Montezuma’s Jurifdiétion ; but the neighboring
Countrey Tlaxcalla , whofe Inhabitants were famous’ for their Valor, would
never receive any Laws from Montezuma. .
Cortex no fooner fet footing in this Countrey, but he was fet upon by a thous Remarkable War ‘hn
fand of the Inhabitants,who at the firft Affault kill’d two of the Spanifh Horfe, all
«calla,

yet after this bold Charge, the Affailants fled, and on the next day defir’d
Peace; whereupon the Spaniards march’d quietly into the Countrey, when a
cconfus’d Company,or Forlorn-Hope, making a horrible Noife, fet upon them,
but after a flight Skirmifh, they “fled to their Main Body, which immediately
drawing up, being at leaft a hundred thoufand, hemm’d in the handful of Spa
aiards, and fo were ready to {wallow them, leaving them no Angle to efcape at.
Thus invironed, they were aflailed on every fide, fighting till Sun-fet, and
had undoubtedly been utterly deftroy’d, had not Cortez ply’d his fix Pieces of
Cannon, difcharging continually Volley after Volley upon them; and though
the Execution was very much, yet the Sound: and report of their Ordinance
was more terrible to them that were out of the reach of the Bullet, and made
more to the gaining fo great a Victory, F ear conquering more than Slaughter;
fo that by the Evening, defpairing either of their Safety or better Fortune, the
whole Army disbanding fled: But the purfuing Conquerors firing five of
their Villages, remain’d Mafters of the Field; yetthey, though thus totally
routed, taking frefh Courage (a wonderful thing!) reinforc’d them, and fet
upon the Spanifh Camp, with no lefs than 150000 Fighting Men: Yet note -
withftanding fo vaft an Army, Cortex fo well order’d his fmall parcel of Men,
and fo valiantly led on upon all Advantages, that he in like manner defeated
this, as they thought, Invincible Preparation. Thus flefh’d with fo much Blood
of the Natives, he raged every where, giving no Quarter where-ever he
went.
Mean while Quefitangal, a neighboring Prince, having alfo raifedan Army
with which he defign’d, being affifted by darknefs, craftily to fall into the Spas
nish Quarters by Night, fubtilly diflembling , fent Embaffadors fate
ore,
 AMERICA Clas. AP.
fore, with feveral Prefents, and Overtures of Peace, which indeed were onely
Spies, to take notice where they might beft break ‘in upon them; which Cor-
rex miftrufting, arid foon being inform’d of the whole Defign, heccttloffiehe
Spies Hands, fo fending them back to Quefitangal with Defiance: Hereupon the
Indians siehinediatély fetting forward, took advantage of the enfuing Night,
and with great fury fell upon the S ciieds: who preacquainted eich: the-De-
fign, were in fo'good a -pofture to receive them, that not able to endurefuch
hot Service, they quickly retreated, and utterly gave over.the Enterprize: But _
Cortez.as much encourag’d by chefe Victories, purfu’d them, and the fame
Night Storm’d Tlaxcalla, 2 City containing aici twenty thoufand Houfes,
which in few Hours he cartied. This City was curioufly built, of bak’ d
Stones, anda place of great Trade ; infomuch that the Market- -places fwarm’d
with Buyers and Sellers, battering one with another all manner of Provift-
ons, as Fifh, Flefh, and Bread, alfo Plumes of Feathers; Baas, imbroyder dy
Tapelthy, Chalk; Stones, ‘Timber, and Herbs. is a
Twenty days Cortez ftaid here to refreth his Army, and chins march’d to the
neighboring City Chiurutical, with the Auxiliary Forces of the Tlaxcallans, to
the number of above a huindeed thonfand ; they told him, That the People of
Chivrutical had barricado’d up their ‘Sameets, laid upon the tops of their Houfés
great-heaps of Stones, that their upper Rooms were ctamm’d with Archers,
atid all things made ready both for Offenceand Defence ; which Advertifement
he not. much hearkned to,becaufe he was conducted into the City with all their
State-Formalities of Singing and Tabering aa their Tamboes and every where
courteoufly entertain’d.
‘A’Plot firangely difco- Mean while Montezuma had rais’d a great Army, which were in their ad-
ver'd,
vance; not onely to the defence of his Border, but to furprize them them while
they ftaid in that City, the Townfmen having invited him thither to their re-
{cue and his owm defence, hadinot the Plot been accidentally difcover’d by a
Chirutecan Woman, who giving advice to one of her Friends that follow’d Cor-
tex, that he fhould immediately make his efcape, becaufe that all the Strangers
would be deftroy’d within few Hours, who came and inform’d Cortex there
of. whereupon he defir’d all the Magiftrates of the City to come and fpeak”™
Strange Martial Affairs. with him, who no fooner entred’ the Hall where he was, but his Men by
Conimand immediately fhot them to death, which terrible Rumor fpreading,
and alarm’d with the report of the Executing Mufquets, the City was fuddenly
in an Uproar, gathering thither Arm’d from all Places, and began a fharp
Confli&, which lafted five Hours ; but then wearied out, and defpairing of
Suceels, footie their Courage, they defit’d a Ceffation; see at Jaft concluded
Peace with the Spaniards.
This News of his difcover’d Intention, fo ftartled Montezuma, ae he fup-
pos’d it better to defift,and procure the Favor of Cortex by Prefents; wheres
fore he fent him’ 15000 Cotton Habits, trim’d up very richly, ten great Charts
gers of Gold, and fome Veffels of Wine; defiring him for a while to forbear
Now Aesicg. his Intentions of marching to Tenuftitan his Chief City,and chat he would in
the mean while treat with him for an Accommodation. But Cortex, though
he accepted of the’ Prefents, yet neverthelefs held his Refolution of marching
on. |
Wonderful Mountain Po- Eight Leagues from Tenu/titan he faw the double-f{pired Mountain Popocate-
jocat epeque,
peque, fo call’d from the Smoke which continually afcends from its top; for
Popoca fignifies A Smoke, and Tepeque, 4 Moantam, The Smoke rifes uptight,and
- with
 Chap. IIT. AMERICA. 85

with fo much ftrength, that by the greateft Wind'it deviates not one jot froit
mounting upwards in a dire& Line, to whofe forked Head ten Spaniards Re-
folv'd to climb ; but having got (ates half way up, they were forc’d to fe-
turn, the Afhes lying knee-deep ; yet at lafttwo more refolute conquer’d all winetolution of two. Spa-
thofe Difficulties, and got to the top, where the mouth of the Cave, as they
guefled, ‘meatard four Miles in Circumference :The fhaking of the Moun-
tain, and roaring of the Flames, frequently burfting forth, fo much terrified
them, that they ftaid not long there ; for, as we faid, the Ground not onely
crembled under them, but the Fiery Gulph ejected great Stones, which falling
down on all fides of the Mountain, rolled to the bottom ; and aaah latdoubt
they had there perifh’d, had they not fpeedily run to a hollow neighboring
Hill, from whence they came at length to the reft of their Company, where
they were admir’d by the Indians for their undaunted Refolution, and prefent-
ed with feveral rich Gifts. Thefe Indians had a Tradition, That for wicked
Princes, and fuch as had not govern’d the People well, this was the Topher ap-
pointed for their Torments. )

Cortex being got through the poor Territory of che Guaxazingers, and having A Ae 8
fuffer’d ofeat Cold upon the Mountains, difcover’d Amaquameca, the chief City “
of the Province Chialco, feated in a great Biakee, to which he row’d in a kind of
Boats, by the lahabieanes call’d Acales. ‘Paffing from thence, he was. courte-
oufly receiv’d in Iztapalapa, another City, which boafts bios eight thoufand
Stone Buildings, befides admirable Palaces, with {pacious Rooms, delightful
Gardens, and Ponds full of Fifh,and almoft cover’d with Fowl , from whenee
a Wall or Cawfe-way of a great breadth, that crofs’d over both Land and Wa- A very ftrange Cave
ter, led from Ftapalapa to Tenuftitan. This Cawfe-way hath many Bridges, 9 aa
which are drawn up intime of War, under which the Water runs out of a
Salt Lakeiinto a Frefh, that ebbs ane flows, although lying between high
Mountains, and feventy Leagues from the Sea. | ’
On both fides this Wall, being ten Leagues in length, appears three great
M Towns,
 86 AMERICA. Chap. HE
and wells
Towns, vize Mefiqualifingo, Colvacana, and Vuichilabufco, all Populous,
,
built.
ing;
How they make Salt, (olvacana is fupplied. by the Salt Lake, to its no {mall benefit and inrich
Places and Ci-
for the Water being by Pipes convey’d into the City, in all the
the Sun, and
fterns for its reception makesa Scum, which being coagulated by
; forno Salt
after boyl’d, becomes Salt, with which they drive a great Trade
for
being to be had in any place but here, all Foreign Merchants come thither
Supply.
itan, Montexu-
Cortex being in his March within a League and a half of Tenuft
falute him,
ma, preceded with a thoufand of his Noblefs, came to meet and
right
all of them rather like Pilgrims, bare-footed, and congying, kiffing their
Monte-
Hands, with which they firft kifsd the Ground : After them appear’d
Cortex,
zuma himfelf, who put a Chain of Gold, imbofs‘d with Pearls, about
entred,
his Neck, and immediately conducted him to the City, where having
geri edb. and being come into the Palace, Montezuma plac’d Cortez on a Golden Throne,
; and furrendred up his Right to his Catholick Majefty of Spain, inthe prefence
of all his Peers, to their no {mall amazement. "A
riya

iat But whilft all things had a good face, and, went on thus fairly beyond their
| AL iF
expectations, on the
Cortex was inform’d, That King Coahcopoca had a Defign
ay
i | -new City Vera Crux, and had treacheroufly murder’d two of the Garrifon,
ih) and wounded two more : Whereupon Cortex having {uch fair beginnings, who
had fwallow’d already in his Hopes the whole Empire and Wealth belonging
to Montezuma, laid hold of this Occafion, pretending Treafon, and breach of
Contract, wherefore he put Montezuma under Cuftody, nocwithftanding he
had clear’d himfelf of the Confpiracy, by bringing: Coalcopoca, with. his Sons,
and fifteen of his Peers, Prifoners to Tenu/titan, who by the command of Cor-
tex fuffer’d a lingering death, being all burnt with Green Wood, Butin vain
did Montezuma think to reconcile himfelf with Cortex, fince all he did could
-yender no manner of fatisfaction ; however he continu’d to oblige him by
freth Favors, whofe Relation we will be more particular in, as meriting the
fame. pat ;
Montexuma’s Grandees {eem’d to be much difontented, becaufe he had with-
out the leaft refiftance or confideration fetled a handful of Strangers to domi-
neer over his whole Dominions, by which his weaknefs and pufillanimity, he
was now a Prifoner, like a common Malefaétor, who had formerly govern’d
fo mighty Territories. Amongft feveral Princes which feem’d thus to be
concern’d, was Catumazin Governor of the Province Hacolvacan, who had he
not been furpriz’d and attaqu’d the Night before by the information and dif-
covery of Montezuma himfelf , he would have hazarded the ruine of all
| (Cortex, his Succeffes: But now Fortune ftill daily more {mil’d, giving won-
derful Advantages to the Spaniards; Silver and Gold continually flow-
ing like Rivers from all Quarters, that their onely trouble and puzzle
was where and how to difpofe it : but yet for all this, they were not free
from jealoufie, that Montexwma’s Forces might fwallow theirs , though he
was fecur’d ; of which you may judge by the vaftnefs of his Imperial City |
a eae Roy= Tenuftitan, feated in the Province of Mexico, where a Salt Lake mixes its Wa-
ters with a frefh River, both which in circumference contain, as we faid, fe-
venty Leagues, and diftant from the Main Land five or fix Miles ; the Water
about it continually cover’d with {mall Boats rowing up
in feveral Places, and ftrengthne d hath
and down, It a)
four Stone , befides Draw-Bridges
Gates
4
 AL giardino del S
- Caf dalifolanzi deb § «
Dit gusfe fiame Conducons

H. Tefgua

= ee Ed
a a
_5 am
= —
 Chap. [If. AMERIC 4,
Gates no lefs artificial than coftly,which lead from the City tothe Main Land,
' The Frefh Water is convey’d through the Salt in a Wall’d Channel, out of
which none may take up Water, except they pay Excife to the Kings Farmers.
This City boafts above fixty thoufand Houfes, all divided into Iflands, but
joyn’d with great Wooden Bridges : The Market-place furrounded with Gal-
leries, drives a quick and conftant Trade, being always full of Buyers and Sel-
lers. Inevery Street they have a publick Inn, in each of which they keep Or-
dinaries, wherein the Tableare
s ftor’d wich well-drefs’d Flefh and Fifh, not
wanting plenty of Wine. Their. Trades are divided into feveral Companies,
and they have their peculiar Places to dwellin. They deal very much in (4-
caos, @ Fruit not unlike an Almond, which beaten to Powder, and prepar'd Cacaos'5 what manner of
Fruit,
with feveral other Ingredients, gives name to that excellent Drink now in ufe :

with us, call’d Chocolate: They grow onely on moift and warm Grounds, and
are.us'd fo currently in Tradé, that they go in ftead of Money. Amongft ma-
ny beautiful Edifices, their Guild is very magnificent, wherein twelve Judges,
attended by a confiderable number of Officers and Servants, fit daily, hearing
and determining all manner of Caufes; The next is their Chief Temple or Stately Temple?
Minfter, built quadrangular, all of Free-Stone, having four Portals, opening
into the four principal Streets or Triumphs; that end at the four Stone Bridges.
On the Walls, being of an exceeding height; ftand feveral Turrets, fo high,
that they feem to hide their Spires in the Clouds; and have Apartments,
wherein the Priefts Diet, Lodge, and Study, which are afcended by Marble
Steps. Thefe Religious Perfons are generally of Noble Extraét, which at fe-
ven years old are carried thither, where leading a very ftri& Life, they never
come forth to fee the World, till they enter the State of Matrimony. The fa
mous Coloffus, that ftood over the Rhodian Haven , between whofe Legs all Ships
did Sail, that came in or went out of the Harbor, cannot ftand in competition
_ with the ftupendious Idol Vuichilabuchichi, whofe Head touches the Arch’d Ceie
ling of the high Temple. ‘Near his ftand feveral leffer Images, made of Meal Horrible Images.
and all forts of Herbs bak’d together, and kneaded with Mens Blood. Along
the Walls are exceeding dark Vaults, in which the Priefts onely walk ;° over
them are large Halls, full of Prefentations of their Gods, which ferve for the
Burying-places of their Kings,
Whilft (Cortez and Montezuma were viewing the Temple, two Spaniards rufh’d
fuddenly into one of the Cells, where they found abundance of Lamps and
Torches burning, and the Walls bedaub’d two Inches thick with Humane
Gore: Over-head hung vaft numbers of their Sacrificing Knives; and the
ftench of the place was intollerable.
But Cortez going on, Montezuma and his Attendants refented it very hainouf-
ly, that he pull’d down fome of their Idols, and durft prefume to look in the
Kings Face ; for thofe People bear fo great Reverence co their Kings, that Grardeur of the Kinge
none dares fo much as once look up in their prefence’:
HisCouncil ftand bare- in Tenuffitam: ,

footed, ftooping with their Faces bow’d almoft to the Ground before him:
Four times a day they change theit Apparel ;and a Suit which they have once
Worn, is put to no other ule, but prefented to fuch Soldiers as have done fome
eminent Service. Whatever manner of Chargers, Difhes, Pots, Cups, and
other Veffels the Emperor is ferv'd inat his Table, are every Meal new. The
King hath in Tenuftitan three great Structures, whofe Magnificence,for Coft and Strange Garden-houfes.
fare Architecture, can hardly be parallell’d. The firft isthe Refidence for all
deform’d People: The fecond, an Aviary for all manner of Birds and Fowl,
, al - | M y being
 Chap. II.

being a fpacious open place, Roof’d with Nets, and furrounded with Marble
Galleries. The third, being a Den for Wild Beafts, was divided into feveral
Rooms, wherein were kept Lions, Tygers, Wolves, Foxes, and all manner of
Four-footed Animals. _
But whilft Cortez having aid waiting eight Months in Tenuftitan, fis the
xeturn of the Meflengers fent to the Spanifh Court, receiv'd Tidings, That Pam-
philo Narvaecy, by order of Velafques,was come with eighteen Sail, Mann’d with
eight hundred Foot, and eighty Horfe, from (uba, and now riding before the
Mexican Coaft,; from whence foon after he receiv’d unexpeéted Command, to
come prefently aboard unarm’d, and refign up his Authority : But he in ftead -
_ of fubmiffion, compell’d Narvaecy in a fhort time to relinquifh his Title, and
own him for Superior. Mean while the Spaniards which remain’d in poflelfi-
on of Tennftitan, ran the hazard of a general Maflacre ; for the Citizens much
ftomacking the Oppreffions of the Spaniards, who grew ‘very infolent, inflaving
their King, bringing their inveterate Enemies the Tlaxcallans and Guazuxingans
into their City, exacting them to pay Tributes, pulling down their Gods, and
demolifhing their ancient Idols, they brake out from all Parts in a tumultuous
manner, ran to Arms, and befiieg'd them Day and Night in their Fort, al-
though Montezuma cadéaial dto perfwade the contrary. Cortex hearing fiit,
came to their relief with the New Forces Landed from Cuba; but he fighting
his way ere he could get in, was fo roughly entertain’d by the Mexicans, that
they kill’d him forty Men, wounding as many more, and notwithftanding
fifteen Field-pieces with cision) Shot made foul Breaches, leffening the
number of the Affailants, yet they fuddenly fill’d up their Vacancies again
with frefh Men, which amber d over the Heaps of thofe that lay nee
Three Daysthe Battel had continu’d very fierce, when Montezuma being with
the Spaniards in the Caftle, went to a low Window, to fee if he could com-
mand his Subjects to retreat; but a continual Cry fo.deafned their Ears, aad
fhowres of Arrows and Stone fo. took’ away their fight, that he did nothing:
Then
 Fs

“Chap. fl. Moff MERICA

lm igtlaeg to > mc Went toa
: o Lao W 5 -. LOOKING Ov Wt. stone,
of which he‘die c enae d
tremely. by Famine; wer, which
feddieene cae ge ifchief,. 7 louf son fire, yer
they: could difcern’ n sie ecra a: bef
: so
mele their
-efcape by Nighover Bridge >. eadinepp igoren
‘Treafures; whicha
amuet heSoldiers,
tred_thonfanc ipaekes,
fail’ d.him,
‘onboth ies, and
Montexurha
eed oe eco Fight the Sc tyice. was fo hot, that Cor. Spaniards beaten afreth,
tex loft forty.two Horfe,z fty Spaniards, and two thou fand Auxi«
liaries 5»and although. gott
f ia)1 Sethe, they, were. ftill purfia’d by the
Mexicans, ‘who. woul d the ¢ we nave madea general Slaughter, had
not Cortez amufed the ]un ;ses: Bi_* in the Night. great Fires in::feveral
Places, his fuppos’d amps, whillt he fil
‘lentlyftole away.: Yet the Tenuftitans
would have purfu ‘d theSpaniards; had they not wanted Provifiions: But Cortez
fending his Treafure before him, through the Countrey Colya, to Vera (rux,
. with a Convoy of five Horfe, and forty four Foot, wereall cut off by the Col»
vdans, and feafted upon ina Thank{giving Sacrifies The fame misfortune be-
fel ert Spaniards in Tepeacu, which great City furrendred it felf up to Cor- Remarkable Exploits of
tex, being affifted by a mighty Army of Thaxcallans' and others. But after all Cortex,

thefe Loffes, he took Guaccachiulla, and Izzuca, both fortified with ftrong Walls
-and Gates ; in which laft he burnt above a hundred Temples, built for Hu-
mane Sacnifices: All the Countrey through which he thus ranfack’d, he call’d
New-Spain. From the City Tazuco, which he had newly taken, idcending. fo
befiege Tenuftitan, he digg’ d through the Lakes a broad Trench, of above three
Leagues in length, to bring up thirteen new Ships to Tenuitan 2 and the
neighboring People envying, that that Gity fhould not be conquer -d, as well
as theirs, rais'd an Army of above a hundred and fifty thoufand Men , making
Cortex chait General; Himfelf incamped on one corner of the City, appoint-
ing the other two fides to be invefted by Gon/ales Sandovalo, and Pedro Alyarado;
but the Befieg’d refolutely broke out, and made a fierce Sally with five thou-
fand Boats, fetting upon achat alo Ships ;but the great Guns made fuch ex-
ecution ied havock amongft them, that they retreated with great damage.
(Wheever were taken Prifoners in this Fight. by the Spaniards, the Tlaxcallans,
being Commiffion’d by Cortex, feafted upon. Ontthe feventh day the City|remain or Maxice,
was taken, but not without great Slaughter, and the new King imprifon’d.
After. this mighty Conqueft, Cortex refolv’d to difcover thofe Territories
that lay Southward; and whilft he was making all things ready for the Vay-
age, he fent two Ships with an invaluable Treafure to Spain, who fearing
to be taken by the French Pyrats, ram in at Tercera, where a miferable Accident ,sorescat oceafion’d
hapned to the Seamen of the biggeft Ship, wherein were carried two Fyocrs,
which though taken young, and bred up amongft men, yet had not fo quite
forgotten ait natural ferocity, but that one breaking loofe in the Night, tore
feven of them in pied@s, hurting a far greater number, of which fome had the
Brawns»of-their Arms, the Calves of their Legs, and flefhy parts of their
‘Thighs bit out.
Several Places in America breed Tygers, that far exceed Lyons in fiercenefs;
M 3 fo

E| i
 AMERICA. Chap. TH.
frequents, though the Soil be
fo that where any confiderable number of them
forfaken. But the Baboons that
never fo fruitful, yet it is left defolate and
fant, and lefs dangerous. Peter Arias relates,
Seange Battel wah Bae frequent the Woods are more plea
Beafts, which climb’d from one
re That his whole Army incountred with'thefe
ftrange Gefticulations to thofe
Tree to the other, fhrieking; and making very es,
ths and Hands full of Ston
that were gone before, and gathering their Moit
as a Man. When one of thefe
which they threw as exact and ftrongly
, the reft gave fuch a horrible
-. Baboons, fhot by a Mufquet, fell tothe'Ground
e, ftrook a terror into the Spa-
“fhriek, that the Woods refounding with the noif
Counter-fcuffie, take this
niards, Amongft feveral things that haptied in this
at‘an old Baboon, which fate
one: A Spaniard taking aim with his Mufquet
to give Fire, the Baboon Sols
pearch’d up in a Tree, and being now juft ready
ng 2 Stone out ‘of his Mouth,
dier, at the very inftant, to break the Shot, taki
fuch force as beat out fome of -his
threw it exa@ly into the Mans Mouth, with
loft his Mark, and the proud
Teeth, with which fudden blow furpris’d, ‘he >
Foe, fhewing figns of Triumph, went his way-
titan (now call’d Mexico)
Bur-whilft Cortez ftaid in the'Countrey of Tenuf
ica, with eleven Ships, tothe
Francifcns Garajus (ail’d out of the Haven of Jama
of the Emperor Charles, to
River Panucus, there, according to the Command to fail along
ring his Fleet
planta Colony : Whereupon he went afhore, orde
Montaltus, which glides be-
in fight of Land: So wading through the River
tween high Mountains, he came to a Morafly Ground, in which he and they
ina -Thicket of young
often funk'almoft up tothe Middle, and loft his way
cws, he found feveral high
Trees; yet at laft being come to the River Panu
and Towers, deftroy’d by
Greatdeftiuéion’ Walls, being the Ruines of Fortreffes, Temples,
Leagues further, upon
(Cortez; fo that the City lay quite defolate. Twenty
manner fack’d and deftroy’d
che Banks of the fame River, Cortex had in like
above twenty thoufand
Chiglia, a’Town which before its burning teckon’d
Temples : Which Cru-
Houfes, befides many fair Palaces; Walls, Towers, and
Inhabitants againft the Spant.
: elties and Spoil had bred fo great an Odium in the
jus, who had only a few
rhe usfortu iate Bape? ards, that they immediately fent an Army againft Gara
y twice in his Retreat
half-ftarv’d Men with him , yet he receiv’'d the Enem
dition of Garajus.

es ; but finding nbd

to the new Colony St. Steven, rais’d out of Chiglia’s Ruin
his Horfe into ‘the
Provifions where-ever he came, he judg’d it fitceft to fend
Prifoners, under pretence
Countrey to Forage ; which Cortex meeting, took
er Authority nor Right.
that Garajus came to take Pofleffion where he had neith
Fleet, commanding him
Cortex alfo inade himfelf Matter of Garajus Ship’and
to avoid, he obey’d:
withal to appear in Tenu/titan , which not knowing how
Commander,
His People mean time ranging up and down without a Head or
ves;for at one
either died by Famine, or were murther’d and eaten by the Nati
d Spa- -
Spaniards rofted: time the Americans made a general Feaft with two hundted and fifty rofte
, one of Cora
viards ; But their days of Triumph lafted not long; for Sandovalus
tex his Prime Officersfet, with fo much fury upon thofe Cannibals, that he kill'd
e Quality,all Com-
feveral thoufands of them, andburnt fixty Perfons of Prim
s. But Garajus, whofe Son
manders, in the fight of their Friends and Relation
the Wedding, which
was married to Cortex his Daughter, liv’d not long after
feloff aPartner
occafion’d 4 murmur as if Cortez had poyfon’d him, to Aid him
tion fuf-
conchisAmbition’ iti his Government; for it had been generally obferv’d, that his Ambi
re him ; all were Servants
fer’d no Equal. The Americans fell all down befo
which he {pent
alike : The Court which he kept fwarm’d with Atcendance, on
vaft
 .

Chap. III. we AMERICA. ee

>? gfe
of
vaft Sums of Money ; yet his Incomes were able to beat fuch exceffive
Difs
burfements. He kept in conftant
Pay five thouland Soldiers, and feveral Ships
_ feady rigg’d and prepar’d on all oceafions, to hold in awe the én{lav’d People,
or elfe for the Difcovery of New Countreys: Yet after all thefe extraordinae
ty Charges defray’d, to fhew his Wealth and Greatnefs, he caus’d a Piece
of
Cannon to be caft all of maffie Gold : for the Kings which formerly acknow-
_ ledg’d Montexuma for their Soyereign, gave him a yearly Revenue, mo of
which were valu’d to be worth twenty three Tun of Gold ; for fo much the
Kingof Tefcufcus, a ftately City, paid, whofe Houfes Plaifter’d with Whice--’
Lime, feem’d afar off to be rather a Chalky Hill or Mountain, cover’d with
Snow : Full as much did the King pay which reigned in Otumba, notwith-
ftanding he had receiv’d with his Chriftianity the Name of Ferdinand (ortex; yet
others gave lefs: The King Guacinalgo, with his Mother, and fome Slaves,
bringing Gold, came to prefent it to Cortex. and entring the Palace, through
a Guard of fiye hundred Horfe and four Hundred Foot, which were always
ready Arm/d for fear of Infurrections, he fell down proftrate on the Ground,
Thus all things even out-went whatever he could defire, hope for, or imagine,
And Alyaredo, one of his Commanders, being fent Eaftwardly, brought great.
Treafures back with him, which the. conquet’d Kings were forc’d to raile,
‘But Fortune, who feldom continues her Favors longlaft ,atbegan to frown, ‘His Misfortuness
for Cortex having fent an unvaluable Treafure of Gold and Pearls to: the Ems
peror Charles the Fifth, Floryn the French Pyrate met with and took ‘ity. which
went fo much to his Heart, that for a confiderable time he fent no Advice to
the Spanifh Court, which made them grow jealous of him, doubting that he ,
intended to make himfelf King over New-Spain, and this Sufpicion was'not a
little augmented by his Enemies. Se ee |
Inthe Neck of thefe, follow’d another Misfortune; for Chriftopher. Olitus,
fent out by Cortezto difcover new Countreys, rebelling, took up Arms againft
him, being then in the Haven Figueras, five hundred Leagues beyond. Note
withftanding the Spaniards, although amongi{t a new-conquer’d People, which
without doubt long’d for Revenge, were not to take notice of their danger,
but to go on with undaunted Refolution, whereupon Cortex drawing out a
ftrong Party, march’d a long and troublefom way to meet Olitus, making great
Slaughters where-ever he came... Francifco de las Cafas was commanded to go
upon the fame Account by Sea, and arriving firft, found him fetling his new
Colony, which he nam’d Triumph de Sanéta Crux ; and notwithftanding the
Water with a Northerly Wind was very rough and boyfterous in the Haven
Figueras (which the Spaniards call’d fo, becaufe they found Trees there, which
growing at the Foot of the Mountains, bore a Fruic not unlike a Fig) yet they
came.to a prefent Engagement, wherein Ca/as worfting Olitus, having funk one
of hisShips, ftood out again to Sea; but furpriz’d by a violent Storm, and
driven on the Shore, fell into Olitws’s Hands,who had a little before alfo taken
Esidius or Giles Gonfales. Thefe two Prifoners confulted together how they on Dist of two Spans
might poyfon or murder Olitws, which fell out according to their defires, be-
caufe the Servants of the Houle where they lodg’d fided with them; fo taking
hold of the firft opportunity, as they were at Supper together, they ftabb’d
him with their Knives in feveral places; yet the Wounds were not fo great or
mortal, but that he retain’d ftrength to efcape in the dark toa neighboring
Hut ; but the Affafflinates immediately fent out Meffengers, publifhing, That he
who did not,knowing where Olitus was immediatel y him to them,fhould
bring
receive
 Chap. II, ,
ew i,

receive condign punifhment ; which terrifying Olitus, he difcover’d himfelf,

and was immediately beheaded. |
During the time that the Spanifh Officers had thefe Civil Broyls one againft
another, Lodowick Pontens,a Man well experienc’d in the Law, came from Spain
to America, there in the Emperors Nameto fettle all things in good order ;_ ha-
ving alfo particular Inftructions, to fhew great kindnefs to Cortex, and to make
him a Knight of the Order of St. James,that by that means the Emperor might
be the more efteem’d for his Noble Subjects and Servants, amongf{t the Mexi-
cans, who are themfelves of a proud and ambitious fpirit, and chiefly the'No-
bility, which doth manifeftly appear by their Apparel, more gorgeous than
the meaner fort of Americans ; and though the Slaves go ftark naked (having
onely a Cloth tied about their Privities ) and with a Bowe and Arrows walk
Musics: ppv] before their Lords, yet the Better Sort go very’ coftly Habited ; for about
their Necks they wear Strings of Pearl ; on their Heads, a Cap, from whence
hang down two Scarfs, one longer than the other ; then ‘a party-colour'd
Cotton Coat covers their whole Bodies to their Knees, under which they wear
a Velt girt about their Middle. -
But at laft, after all thefe Services, Cortez difagreeing with the Vice-Roy
Don Antonio Mendoza, being about that time fent over, went male-contented
into Spain.
;
Secr. XI.
Diego Gottierez his Expedition.

(Ax 154.0.Gottierez being chofen Governor of New Carthage, weigh’d Anchor

from (adiz, and failing to Nombre de Dios,upon his Landing clafh’d with
Gotiere comets with Roderick (Contreras, in whole Place he was fent to fucceed. Two Years he {pent
Contreras.
without effectingany thing; but at laft coming to Agreement with Contreras,
he took the Governorfhip upon him, haying firft forewarn’d him not to de-
pend
 Chap. IIT. ~ AMER IC 4. =r 93
pend too much upon his Authority, for the Countrey being full of
Woods
and Mountains, might hide many of his Enemies: But he not regarding
the
Advice, went a Journey from New Granada, and having march’d fifty Leagu
es
Eafterly, he crofs'd into the River Syere, with fixty Spaniards, and was prefen
t.
ed by the Princes of the Countrey with as much Gold as amoun
ted to feven
thoufand Duckets. Here he fpent fome Weeks, effecting. little; but now all
things growing {carce, though he was very. earneft with the Nativ
es for Provi-
fions, yet he could get little ; which kind of Life the Soldiers diflik
ing, and
growing weary of, went away in the Night to Nicaragua. Gottierex thus left 1stortaket
ofal;
alone, got into a Boat; with intent to follow them; .and being
juft puc.off
from the Shore, was met by. Captain Barjanto, who brought new:
Forces: and
frefh Provifions with him: This wrought upon him to ftay there.
Not long
after Alphonfo de Pifa went with twenty feven Men from Nombre. de Dios
to the
fame River Suere ; but ic being then very rough at the Entrance,
he was necef-
fitated to pafs on toa {mall uninhabited Ifle, where whilft he lay
at.an Anchor,
the Weather began to grow worfe and worfe ; the Gufts of Wind, mix’d
with Great Tempest;
Showres of Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, {eem’d to threaten a genera
l De-
firuction ; for in the Ship two Spaniards and one Moor were kill’d by the
Lightning : In feventy two Days, the Sun did not fhine four Hours: At laft
weighing Anchor, he fail’d’over to the Main Land, where he faw nothing but
vaft Mountains and Wilderneffes. Here for atime they liv’d upon Cockles
found on the Shore, and wild Fruits in the Woods: At length-coming to Gote
tierex, he {ent him -with his People in five Boats to fetch new Forces from Nom-
bre de Dios. In his way thither he faw a Houfe built of Canes, cover’d with
Palm-leaves, forty five Paces long, and buile after an Oval fafhion: Round
about it ftood feveral lefler Hovels, all which making upa Village, the Spani-
ards nam’d Franci/co, becaufe they came thither on St, Francis Day. About half Village semife.
way they met with the Lords of Swere and Chiuppa, goitig to attend Gottierez ,
to whom being admitted, and fitting with him at Table, he gaye them, asa
Dainty, rofted Chickens and frefh Pork ; but they gave it
to their Servants,not Strange manner of eating}
delighting in the tafte of fuch Vidtuals. Gottierez, by means of an Interpre-
ter, told them concerning the (hriftian Religion, at which they bow’d their
Heads, without making any Anfwer: But how little mind they had to em-
brace it, quickly appear’d ; for not long after, they fet their Villages on fire,
and all the Provifions which they could not carry with them,they {poil’d,and
fo retiring, hid themfelves upon inacceflible Mountains. Another Incentive
leading them to this Fight, was, becaufe the Governor (amachiren, and his De-
puty (notwithftandinghe had given Gottierez as much Gold, when he came
firft into the Countrey, as amounted to feven thoufand Duckets, as we mentie
_on’d before) yet was put in Prifon by his Order, contrary to all Promifes :
Nay, Gottierex threatned to burn him (not regarding, that he had befides re.
- ceiv'd of him feveral Pieces of Gold, refembling all manner of Beafts, as Ty:
gers, and others; and alfo Fifhes and Fowls curioufly wrought, which were
valu’d at two Tun of Gold; yetthis Prefent feemed too little for him,
whereupon bringing the Prifoner to a Cheft, he fwore that he would roft him Pysaeaen Covetoufiels
by degrees, if in four days time he did not furnifh him with four times as |
much more Gold as that Cheft would hold : Whereupon Chamachiren’s Servants
Went away to get the requir'd Gold ; but he,through carelefnefs of the Watch,
made his efcape in the Night, fo that Gottierex loft his Booty. Butthe other
_ Prifoners, though threatned. to be torn afunder with Dogs, remain’d firm,
wok | difowning
 AMERICA. Chap. HI.
one {peaking boldly
_ difowning that they had any Gold; and among the reft,
herous dealings, why did he
to the Spanifh Officer faid , “That he flood amax’d at his treac
him with death, but yet
a
=r:
keep bim Chain'd againft Law and Promife, and often threaten'd
die, than live fo miferable
would not kill him ; for he, faid be, had rather choofe to
a life.
releas’d the
paca Confcience troubling him, he would willingly have
.“_
ee
=».
i
=~—
=

a great ranfome of
Indian, and the rather, becaufe he promis’d to procure
~—5to
rao,
=Gd
- an
eS>a
as
3
=: ~
a—
So
=>
-e-
~

it. After this they

Gold, but the inferior Commanders would not confent to
_

Mountains, find-.
march’d fix days through great Wildernefles, and over high
a
/—
~~ —-
Sal
=

very dangerous
=’

ing no Footfteps of any People. Laftly, They came down a

a
7~ -
“a
°

Stones ferv’d them

®SH
ee
—

==
a
=— and fteep Mountain, where had not the Shrubs and jutting
to hold by, they had all broken their Necks.
sy
=——
-s
=
<

t
rs
a—Pe
—

Dangerous Mounains, —--Bifteen Leagues, the hanging of this Mountain fpread it felf along a {wee
~~
_'

Pe

Tygers, Deets
Strange Hus. River, om whofe oppofite Shore ftood ftrange Huts full of dead
where the Trees
Heads, and Legs; here they ftaid two days to reft themfelves,
SS

|
Mamei and the Cazabi Plants yielded them good Food.
ee
——
—

ft way to 4
Travelling forward, Gottierex ask’d an Indian which was the neare
Head imme-
Village, but he pretending not to know any near hand, had his
Indian Prince
diately cut off. In like manner, and for the fame reafon the
r to the contrary,
fhould alfo have been Executed, had not Gottierex given orde
age,
feeing his refolution , that with no lefs Patience than undaunted Cour
ifions de-
fretch’d forth his Neck to the Executioners. Mean while, their Prov
ted quite
creafing, they fuffer’d extreme hunger; infomuch, that fome fain
ded
away. The Souldiers alfo rebelling againft Gottierex for Food, he comman
them to kill their Dogs, and ftamp the Barks of Trees ; two days they tra-
of
velled much difconterited in this manher ,:and at laft came to the entrance
a Wood, where they efpy’d an Indian ftanding behind a'Tree, which on a fud-
den ran away with inCredible fwiftnefs: early the next morning , above four
ble
thoufand Indians came Marching againft the faint Spaniards, making a terri
noife withHorns and Drums; they were all except their Princes Painted black
the
and red ; fome wore Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Collars of
fame about their Necks ; the fight began very fiercely , by cafting abundance
| of Stones, and fhooting of Arrows, wherein, though Gottierexz was at firft
Valiant fight, Wounded,- yet after half an hour the Affailants fled, but recruited with frefh
Forces renew’d the fight , breaking into their Ranks, and making fo great
flaughter amongft them with Woodden Swords, and Palm-Tree Clubs,
knocking down, and dealing fuch deadly Wounds, that of the Spaniards, three
onely efcap’d, faving themfelves by flight, who two hours after , much
amaz'd and terrify’d, came to theit referve, confifting onely of twenty four
Men, which Alphonfo de Rifa Commanded, the infulting Enemy at their
Heels, waving over their Heads the Swords, Shields, and Crofs-Bows
which they had gotten from the flain Spaniards; and fome withal crying in the
Spanifh Tongue, Come Chriftians, come,and take Gold. But de Rifa, for all their pride,
fet them going with fome Volleys of Shot; after this, efcaping innumerable
other dangers, he came to Nombre de Dios, without having effected any thing of
Note.

SECT.
 Chap.
Ik $$ AMERICA 95

ee X I.

The Expeditions of Peter Alvarado, Francifco and Gonzalvo Pizarro,

and Diego de Almagro.
:

i the City of Panama, in New Spain, liv’d three eminent Spaniards,call’d Fran- Pizarro’s and Almagro’s
remarkable exploits,
cifco Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, and Ferdinand de Luque a Prieft,; which joynt-
ly defign’d to difcover farther Southerly along the rich Gold and Pearl Coaft,
and infpe& the Southern Ocean. De Luque was to look to home-affairs » and
Pizarro fer Sail firft with a Ship Man’d with one hundred and fourteen Men,
which Almagro follow’d with feventy more , yet both were valiantly repuls’d
by the Peruvians ; but although they recurn’d the firft time with bad fuccefs,
yet they undertook their bufinefs once more, but with no better fortune ;
whereupon difcouraged, the undertaking feem’d to be totally laid afide; and
the American Vice-Roy, Peter de Rios forbad any to attempt a farther Difcovery
concerning Peru.
The former difficulties with this Edi& eafily wrought upon Pizarro’s men,
all but twelve, to leave him; for the reft went over with the Ship fitted ‘out by
Rios with fuccors to the Ifland Gallo, where Pizarro xefided, having alfo fail’d
in his fecond Expedition. But although he had made two bad Voyages, yet
having an inclination to a third attempt, he went to Spain, defiting of the Em-
‘peror to be Governorof Pern , which he had difcover’d ; for befides his Plea’
of Merits he had taken poffeflion of the Country twice by Landing there, in- |
tended for the ufe of his Imperial Majefty ; one of his Sea-men to that purpofe
flourifhing his two-handed Sword over his Head , the gliftering’ of which
Sword fo frighted the Natives, that none of them durft come near him.
His requeft being confulted upon, was at laft granted, the Government of
Peru being conferred upon him; but Almagro took it very ill, that Pizarro went
to the Emperor on fuch a defign for himfelf; yet by the mediation of his
Friends the difference was reconciled , then Pizarro fetting Sail with one hun-
dred and fifty Foot befides Horfe, and Landing at the Ifland Puna, at firtt was Pigarre’s ight on Pana,
_ courteoufly entertain’d ; but the Spaniards by extravagant hunting and fearchs
ing every where their Houfes for Gold, and committing feveral other outrages,
" incenfing,’ chang’d the humor of the Inhabitants fo much, that they fell upon
them. In ftead of Enfigns, Standards, and Warlike Trophies, they ufed long
Canes,atthe end whereof were ty’d the Bones of their antient Hero’s, honor’d
by them ‘after their death: Bue thefe Reliques fav’d not the Indians from
flaughter, fo well as the coverts of ancighboring Wood.
From this Ile, lying three degrees Southwartd of the Equinoftial, Pizarro paf-
{ed over to the Main Coutinent , where they were all in a great confufion, upon
the report of the Spaniards cruelties committed in Puna; yet all the prepara- Comes to Peru.i
tions of the Indians to withftand, ftop’d not Pizarro from his intended courfe :
for firft, having the fuccef$ to mafter Tampez, thence he made nothing to march
his Forces over the River Ambato, there burning a’Temple Dedicated to the
Sun. The Portico ftood towards the Eaft, the rifing of their God, before which Peruvian Temple,
hung a Curtain of their fine Cotton Stuff, within food the prefentations of
two Golden Rams, fhaded with Black, andas many Dragons, before which
the Fire never went out, continually fupply’d with Offerings of burnt Incenfe,
on -
 AMERICA. Chap. HI.
on the Pillars hung feveral Men flead, their Fleth kept firm, and free from all
Putrifaction, with the infufion of a fharp Juyce.
Here Mmsith coming to Pizarro with frefh Forces, they made no little Beaee
tration into Peru, fatisfying every where their thirft of Gold, and flaughtering
the Toothlefs Rint: a people who having offended their King » had by his
order the upper Teeth of the whole Nation beater out.
Alvarado's Exploits.
Peter Alvarado inform’d concerning the Riches of Peru , and well knowin
how to infinuate with the Emperor in his fawning Lanes at laft by his
Friends fo prevail’d, that, he alfo got leave to go thither; in purfuance of
which, ‘Anno 1534. ie Weigh’d Anchor with feven Ships trou geila 5 eh Ci
ty built by him between two Mountains.” Bur Landing at ‘Puerto Viejo, and
Marching Eafterly over Snowy Mountains , he was met by Almagro, between
whoma bloody incounter was like to have happen’d, but after {ome time, a
Treaty being feta Foot, they came to a\Compofition on thefe Articles: That
Alvarado upon the receipt of a hundred thoufand Duckets, fhould leave his
Men with Almagro, and depart from Perw ; with which fum,. being inrich’d,
he foon after Bie out fourteen Sail to difcover new Countreys to the Weft ;
but being bufiein his preparations, was fent for to Mexico by Don Antonio. Men-
doxa the Vice-Roy , to undertake.a Voyage with him to the new-difcover’d
Countrey of Sibolla, abounding in Gold and Saffron, according to the report
of four Dominican Monks ; and having already rais'd {even hundred Men, news
came to Mexico, that PeterZunica had receiv’d an overthrow by the Fadltadeof Sas
lifco, to whofe affiftance Alvarado March’d with all f{peed, and found the Indi-
ans incamp’d on a high Mountain, fortifi'd with conjoyn’d Trees, and great
Scones ty’d together with Rufhes, behind which they were fecure from Shot.
The Spaniards climbing up the sdeneicedh , approach’d their Works, whenon a
fudden the Defendants giving a great Shout , cut the Cords which held their
Notable Stratagem. of Fortification together ,whereupon the Stones and Trees tumbled down with
the Peruvians,
fuch force, that they kill’d both Men and Horfe, few efcaping alive: In this
Wickednefs ofaWoman. confli& Alvarado himfelf was loft. His Wife Beatrix Cuova made a ftately Fune-
ral for her Husband, and caus’d her Houfe to be Painted black, refufing either
to Eat or Drink for a fet time, yet notwithftanding, all her pretence of for-
row, fhe fo minded her bufinefs , that fhe took the Government of Guatimala
into her own hands; but her Dominion lafted not long, for on the eighteenth ,
of September, Anno 1541. happen’d a hideous Tempeft of Wind and Rain, mixt
with continual Lightning, and horrible claps of Thunder, and what was
Guatimala deflroy’d by
a flood,
more terrible, was anfwer’d with roars and horrid bellowings from the’ cae
verns of the sAuuataisi, at whofe foot Guatimala ftood. About midnight the
Mountain was deliver’d, whofe Birth was theiirruption of an Inundating Ri«
ver, a precipitate torrent tumbling down full of Rocks and Stones, which
catry’d all before it, fo that in few minutes Guatimala was utterly {wept away,
not the leaft foals remaining, nor any left alive except Alvarado’s Baftard
Daughter by an Indian ,and in the adjacent Fields, fome few, and they maim’d, °
with broken Arms or Legs after this utter deftrudion, they re-built sécthes
Guatimala, three Leagues more Eafterly. But though Alvarado was loft in this
Vela(que's Journey. Enterprize, yet the Voyage to Sibolla was not laid afide, for Francifco Velafques
March’d chither with eight hundred Men, of which moft were Horfe, but
found nought elfe but Snowy Mountains and barren Plains , infomuch, that
his: Mentand Horfes were ftary’d for want of Provifion, wherefore he return’d
without fuccefs to Mexico, having onely burnt fome Villages, and had feveral
Rencounters with the Natives. | _ But
Chap. IL AMERICA. 97
But Attabaliba a Pernan Prince, inform’d of Pizarro and Almagro’s coming,
commanded them both to depart out of his Kingdom ; but they not regarding
it, march’d directly to Caxamalca, where Attabaliba kept his Court, who again
Attabalbd’s meflage été
fent other Meffengers to them with command to leave his Dominions. Pizarro Pizarro.

made anfwer, that he could not obey any Commands but thofe of his Mafter
the Emperor, who had order’d him to fpeak with the King himlelf at his own |
Palace. |
Attabaliba hearing that Pizarro refolv’d to come forward, fent him a pair of
Painted Shooes and Armlets, that he might put them on when he appear‘d be-
fore his Throne : Captain Ferdinand Sotto march’d before with twenty Horfe,paf-
fing clofe onthe Flank of Attabaliba’s Army : The Indians amaz’d at the praun-
cing of their Horfes, retreated into their Fortifications, but were for their
cowardize immediately flain by the King’s Order. 4
Sotto fenta Meflage to Attabaliba, That the Spaniards defir'd peaceably to Treat
with him, ‘to which he receiv’d anfwer, That no Peace could be made, unlefs
they reftor’d the Gold and Silver to the Owners, which they had Plunder’d
from them, and forfook his Territories; which fo doing, they fhould have
Audience the next day: Hereupon the Bifhop Vincent de Villa Viridi was con- His difconrfe witha Spa-
nish Bifhop, arid his apparel,
ducted into the Royal Palace, in the City of (axamalca, and brought before At
tabaliba, who came thither in great State ; with a Guard of twenty five thou-
fand Men ; he was carry’d on the Shoulders of his prime Nobles in a Sedan,
about which hung Garlands of Gold, and divers colour’d Feathers ; himfelf
was cloth’d in a white loofe Veft, without Sleeves; his Temples were bound
withared Ribbon, witha long Taffel on his left Cheek ; on his Fore-head
ftuck three curious Feathers; before him March’d three hundred of his Life-
Guard, all in one Livery, who clear’d the way through which the King was
to pafs. The before-mention’d Bifhop carry’dinone Hand a Crofs, in the
other a Book, difcourfing with the Kingto this effect ; That God is the Trinity,
Adam the firft Man; Christ Born of a Virgin, dy’d on the Crofs; the Pope God's
VicesGerent, who according to the Power be had from Heaven, had given Peru to the Ems
peror Charles, as alfoallother (ountreys in America ; and if he fhould prove obftinate,
and refit, he muft expeét nothing lefs than utter ruine. Attabaliba reply’d, That he ferv'd
Pachamaca, being the Creator of all things ;and next to him the Sun and Moon: How
glorious do they appear (faid he) in comparifon of a Crucifi’d God ? To make Peace and
Alliance with mighty Princes, was the true Foundation of wife Government : But the Pope
muft needs be fenfelefs, devoy'd ofall reafon, and withal highly unjust, to give away What
was none of bis own, viz. other mens Kingdoms, in which be never had the leaft or Jmalleft
concern. Moreover, he would not defert that Religion which he and his Anceftors had
maintaindfo many Ages, and the rather, becaufe there are no apparent or Jufficient Tefti-
mony of the truth of Chriftianity. The latter claufe was thus anfwer'd, faying,
This Book, O-King, which Ibold im my hand, proves and declares all that you queftion.
Attabaliba looking upon it, turn’d it over Leaf by Leaf, then look’d more in-
tentively upon the Print, which done he clap’d it to either Ear, and at laft as
altogether unfatish’d, in difdainful manner threw it away.
But Pizarro gaining time while the King and Bifhop thus difcours’d, had
drawn his Men in Battel-Array , his fixty Horfe he divided into three Wings,
Commanded byhis three Brothers, Ferdinand, John, and Gonzalvo Pizarro, left
the Captains Sotto and Bavalcazar in an Ambufcade ; Peter de Canada march’d in
the Van, and he himfelfin the main Body, leaving Sotto in the Rear.
So foon as the Bifhop could acquaint them in what fcornful per eran
N aoa
 AMERICA.

——<=--

paar
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Fee
-———_
Pizarro fights with ar. Daliba had thrown his Holy Book, The Word of God, upon the ground; both At-
tabaliba,
“mies were Engaged, whilft their Trumpets founded, theiz Drums beat, their
Canons roar’d, the Horfes neigh’d, and the Dogs bark’ d, they madea pee
a
iid
=
march up aehinht the Walls of Tsnates, which drenatak mixture of terrible
noifes ftruck fuch a Pannick fear into the hearts of the Indians, that they all pre-
fently broke, in their flight crowding one another to death at the Gates of the
City, which being too narrow to receive them, they themfelves made breachés
in their own Walls to enter ; which opportunity the Spaniards no ways neglect
“ed, but entering with chehi fhot and kill’d all they could reach ; their Dogs
alfo having no little fhare in the flaughter ; whole companies oftidiae were
trode under the Horfes feet’, yet near Attabaliba’s Chair was the greateft refifts
ance, for no fooner fell one of the Bearers, but immediately another fupply’d
the place, fo that the King was furrounded with heaps of his own flain Subs
jeats, to whom Pizarro himfelf Charg’d up fo clofe, that having feiz’d him by
his long Hair, he pull’d him out of his Throne, and having gotten him under
Attabaliba taken prifoner, him, fecur’d immediately in Fetters; whereupon all his Life-Guard forfook
him, and fled-: But the lofs of the Battel, which was Attabaliba’s utter ruine,
was laid upon Runninagui, a Captain appointed to lie in Ambuth, fo to fallin
the Rear of the Spaniards with five thoufand men; but was-fo far from pet-
forming his Orders, that’ terrifi’d at the uncouth noife of the Guns, and the
reft, that he fled one ‘hui and fifty Leagues Southerly, before he ftopt, or
Bids for his ranfom an ttl halve ever look’d behind him in fo long a flight. Mean while, Attabaliba come
valuable treafure.
pounded with Pizarro for his Ranfom, viz, to pay him as much Gold as that
Hall in his Court ( where they made the Agreement) could hold to the top;
they firft meafur'd the heighth,then thelength, which was found to be fifty
four Foot, and the breadth nine : In purfuance of this compofition, Gold was
brought chiches from all places, according to Attabaliba’s order, yet he could
not raife fo much as would perform his bargain}; which made che Spaniards to
stumble : ro Attabaliba defiring fome longer time to perform it, telling Pi-
RArYO,
Chap. IIT. AMERICA. 99 -
zarro, that moft of the Gold was brought on Slaves Shoulders , a long and
efoubheremne ‘way, of two hundred Leagues long, fronithe City Cufco, and if
this would not fatisfie, Pizarro might fend-fome of his own people thither, to
inform him, that he seit not fear ie leatdanger, as long as he was Prifoner
with his Wife and: Children.”
The tivo: Captains, Sotto, and Peter del Barebeing fent away to that purpofe!
met after forme days Journey with one of Attabaliba’s Leaders, who was bring:
ing the King’s Brother Guafcar with a Party, Prifoner to Caxamalea,
“Guijeat had now a fair opportunity’ to crave affiftance of the Spaniards, tele
lirig them}: that he and Arcabalibaswere the Sonts of Gwaynacaya, fo that the King-
dom was to be divided becwixt’both. But Uttabalibashad byforce made himfelf
Matter of all, ‘whereas he being the youngeft ,ought tobe fatisfi'd with that
flare which Giifea, being the’eldeft, would affign him, ‘for the:right of Inhe-
ritance belong’d juttly: to him, ‘and:yet the was carry ‘daway: -bound: to flaugh-
ter: Bue if Pizarro ‘would. 08 jitftice in. delivering’ him’
outof his Brothers
bloody Hands, “he would’ raife him thrice 4s: much Gold as z ‘Aetabaliba had pro-
mis’d To.wadiielPpurpofe he defir’d Sotto:and Baro to put off their Journey to
Cufco ‘whieh they tnot dating’ to do; went on their way,’ and Guafcar defcend- Burns his Brother Guaf-
ar alive.
ing the Valley Sutfubuaia, ‘was burnt alive by Aitabaliba’s Soldiers.
Mean while, Almagro came 'with frefh Forces to Taxamalca, which occafion’d
no {mall reubles in Pixarro, who was onely thirfty after Gold : On the other
fide, Almagro as greedy, grew jealous that Pizarro fhould keep the promis’d
Hall full of Gold for himfelf; and he fhould have no fhare, becaufe Attabaliba
was his Prifoner; therefore he earneftly defir’d ‘that Mtabaliba might privately
be made away, and that the te might be divided to one as well as the
other.
Pizarro to prevent all inconveniencies that might happen from his diffent- An incredible fum ot Mo-
ney given to the Soldiers.
ing, gave in the prefence of the King to every private Soldier a thoufand
Duckets in Gold , and fix thoufand five hundred twenty five Silver Crowns ;
the inferior Officers receiv’d four and thirty thoufand Crowns, and the others
fixty thoufand, the fifth part of the Booty he referv’d for the Emperor: And
notwithftanding Attabaliba perform’d his promife in filling the Hall full of
Gold, yet he had the fentence of Death pronounc’d again{t him; neither
would his excufe of Innocency ferve, or his Requefts to be fent to Spa there
to clear himfelf before the Emperor, but fighing, and lamenting his misfor-
tunes, was ty’d to a Poft, and Sfrangled in the prefence of Pizarro. For whofe Attabalibe ftrangled,

Death, though a Heathen, Divine Vengeance purfu’d thefe cruel and unjuft Ar-
bitrators that thus made their Will a Law, none of them dying a natural
Death.
Moreover it was obferv’ d, thata few days before this Execution a blazing
Star appear’d, which Attabaliba feeing, prefaging fadly of himfelff{aid, That a
great Prince would die in a fhort time; but Pizarro’s chief pretences for the Kings
juft fuffering was, that he had cruelly murder’d his Brother Guafcar: But this
was a meer blihd, for that thatincens’d them againft Attabaliba, was, that he
knowing where the unvaluable treafure lay, which Guafcar had bury’ d, would
not difcover it to them.
Attabaliba, before his death, defir’d-that he might be bury’d in the Tetritory
Quito , by his Father Guaynacava ,whom the Peruvians for his great Juftice and
Prudence in Government, believed that he would arife, and ferele the World fo
troubled and full ofdiforder in peace and quiet : The Corps was accordingly
N 2 carryd
 ak ee AMERICA. Chap: Ill:
Cruclry of Ruminagui carry’d thither in great State after their manner, attended by his Brothcr,
whom Ille{cas Ruminagui which ran from Attabaliba in the Battel, where he lay
in ambufh when he might have done them good fervice; inthe way to his en-
tertainment, receiv’d with all fhews of forrow; but when they were feafted
to excefs, bury’d in fleep and Wine, he Maflacred and flea’d Ille/cas the Kings
Brother alive, and made a Taber of his Skins Whilft Attabaliba’s Funeral
_Bicarvo puts Quicgui Was thus bloodily folemniz’d, his General Quixquiz raisd a great»Army,
ie which Pizarro encountring after-a valiant refiftance, totally routed; then
And takes Cujca marching victorioufly to Cufco, he faw great Fires in the City, and the Citizens
fighting with the Spaniards, {ent before; but the Horfe breaking in upon
them, moft of them.fled the next morning to the Mountains: Thus the Spa-
niards became Mafters of the City, where they infliéted the moft cruel tortures
onall Sexes, by that means to force them to difcover, if they knew of any hid-
den Treafures, being not {atisfi’d with what they found there, although they
valuable Treafures had gotten a greater Treafure in Cufco tham that that they had extorted from
Mi Attabaliba before: Nay, they gave thofe that were murther’d for Food to their
Dogs : Among the reft,Didacus Salazar haying a very fierce Dog call’d Bezerril,
had alfo an old Indian Woman his Prifoner, to whom he gave a Letter to deli-
ver to the General Pizarro; the Woman had not gone many Paces before fhe
was fet upon by Bezerril, whom Salazar let loofe, that he might delight himfelf
in feeing the Dog tear the poor old Woman, but fhe obferving him come run-
ing at her with fo great fiercenefs, fell down upon her Knees,and holding forth
AS gamer patage ofa the Letter, cry’d, Good my Lord, good my Lord Dog , I muje carry this Letter to Gene-
ral Pizarro, whereupon the furious Curr having more compaffion than the
Spaniard, ftood ftill alittle , and at laft lifted up his Leg in a fcornful manner,
Urin’d upon her, and return’d fatisfi’d; at which {portive behavior of the Cur
and the Chrone, Salazar laughing, was fo well pleas’d, that he gave the Woman
her life. ,
epee unhappy Jous After Cufco had been fufficiently Plunder’d, Pizarro made Almagro Governor
thereof, with the Territories belonging to it, and built near the River Lima a
King’s Town. Town, which’ they call’d Los Reyes. Mean while, Almagro receiv’d Letters
Patent from the Emperor , in which he was nominated Marfhal of Peru; ene
courag’d by that honor, he took a great defign in hand , for the Peruvians had
reported, that the Golden Chili lay to the South; and Almagro being encourae’d,
and affifted by Pizarro, March’d ingueft thereof with two Troops of Horfe, and
five hundred Foot: But mean while there happen’d fo great Rains , and fuch
foul Weather , that the Ways were almoft unpaffable , fo that the Expedition
stew very troublefome ; yet however he went on, in which hard March he loft
both Horfe and Men. |
Whilft Almagro was upon this undertaking, Francifco Pizarro receivd Letters
Patent fromthe Emperor, in which he was Intitul’d Duke of Pern , but with a
Salvo for' the honor before given to Almagro; yet thele balanc’d honors bred
great diflention between the Duke and Marfhal, which Mango Inga another
of Attabaliba’s Brothers obferving , laid hold of the opportunity , and fetting
Mango Inga rakes Cuf*. yon the Spanifh Garrifon in Cufco, took the City. Whereupon Pizarro imme- -
diately fent his Horfe thither, under the Command of Alpbonfo Alvarado, and
Gomes de Todoya, againft whom the Indians fought very valiantly, infomuch,
that the Battel was along time doubtful , yet at laft the Spaniards got a bloody
Victory, and regain'd Cufco; hither after fome time, Almagro returning with ill
fuccefs, having effected nothin g, was kept out by Ferdinand Pizarro, under pre-
tence
Chap: III: AMERICA. 101
tence that he could riot open the Gate without Order from his Brother che [Gone berween Atm
Duke. Almagro much offended thereat, yet faying little , was fo privately lec ae ney
into the City, that he furpriz’d the Gaedinot Ferdinand Pizarro, and his Brother
Gonfalvo, with AlphonfoAlvarado Prifoners; {wearing that he would not reft be-
fore he had rooted all the Pizarro’s out abiPeru. But whilft he was paffing the
intended Sentence of Death upon them, Gonfalvo and Alvarado broke Prilon;
and got away to the Duke; who troubled for his Brother Ferdinand there in cu-
ftody, and in danger of his life, came to Compofition, whereupon Ferdinand
was alfo releas’d : But this wasno fooner dorie, arid he had got his Brother fafe
there , but the Duke regarding nothing lefs than the keeping of the new-made
Peace, fentto Almagro, that the Emperor having given him the prime Com-
mand over Peru, he requir’d him to leave Cufco , or elfe he would force him.
Almagro fent anfwer, That if he could fee the Emperor’s Hand, ke would im-
mediately obey, otherwife not; whereupon both Parties prepar’d for War,
wherein they had many fharp bickerings in a fhort time: But Almagro being —amagro teangled:
too weak fell into the Dukes hands, who order’d him to be ftrangled in the
Gaol, and his body afterwards to be drawn to the Markerplace, and there
phistiekis Beheaded.
Ferdinand Pizarro being not long after fent to Spain, with the fifths of the
gotten Treafure for the Emperor, was Impiifon’d in the Caftle Motto, for Al-
magro’s Death: But what. further happen’d to him Paste oeor Dicahive. of him;
hath never been Recorded by any Pen.
But young Almagro, inftigated by his Guardian John Rade, tefolving ,toh Serene
be reyeng’d for his Fathers Death, to that purpofe he went. to Los Reyes,
where bynit help of fome hir’d Mleictutetacs: he defign’d to Murder the Duke + Toang Abpegre
Setteci
upon St. John’s day, in the Church at high Service: But this bufinefs was not
fo clofely carry’d, but the Duke had fome inkling théreof, who therefore
ftay'd at home, ad went not to Mafs that'day. The Confpirators doubt-
ing the event, hearing that their Plot was difcover'd, though defeated in their
purpole, yet not fail’d in their Courage, ran at noon day tothe Palace, cry-
ing, Kall the Tyrant, kill the Traytor. But Pizarro being fo much forewarn d, had
lock’d up the Gates, and arm’d himfelf, which when they could not enter, yet
they went back inéounh the City, and waving a bloody Sword, cry’d, Pizarro
is flain; this being believ’'d, above two thissicdeed private Feisinds to Anat aps
pear’d, who all ran to she Palace, crouding about the Gates: And Francifco de
Chares coming out at a private Door, hoping to pacifie the Mutineers, was
immediately Stab’d ; but they asfhing, in the way he came, found fome ftout
oppofition, for feven Halbeidicts. of his.Guard fought till hey were all kill’d
in the Dukes prefence ; but Pizarro was taken alive, and being brought before
Almagro, he Savagely Butcher’d-him with his own hands; which done, they
ran crying along the Streets, Long live the Emperor, and Didacus Almagro. Cheat Nalgled in 20
But after all this, Pizarro’s Party joyning together, valiantly withftood the **
Confpirators, fo chat a confiderable number were flain on both fides, yet /-
magro at laft getting the better, confifcated the Goods of all. thofe. that were
againft him, -and now every one fhew’d him the refpedt of Chief Governor,
till the Emperor fhould either fettle him, or fend another.
From hence Marching to Cufco, he had like co have paid for all, but sak? ee
ted by private. focellipence thereof; which happen’d thus,
Garctas Alvarado and Chriftopher Sotello were Joynt-Govyernors of Cufeo: but
quarrelling, and coming to Blows in like manner, Sorello was flain: This
N 3 , Almagro
 tor. AMEBRIC A. Chap: If:
Strange Tranfations be- Almagro took very hainoully, as being his intimate Friend, giving forth threat-
tween Alvarado, Sotelle, : ; : n : : .
and Almagro. ning Speeches of Revenge ; which Alvarado inform’d of, and intending fome
way or other to prevent all Dangers, and fave himfelf, he invited Almagro toa
Feaft, but privately refolving to make it a Bloody Banquet, .by his Death at
the Table. Of this he being inform’d, as we mention’d before, ftaid at home,
and privately fent for. fome Soldiers that had* belong’d to* Sotello, fending
word that he was indifpos’d: Alvarado, under a fhew of Kindnefs, goes to
Almagro, hoping to perf{wade him to come to his prepar’d Treat ; but fo foon
as he was enter’d the Hall, they clapp’d to the Gate, and the Soldiers falling
upon Alvarado, flew him: But foon after Almagro was call’d in queftion, and
not long enjoy'd this his ufurp’d Authority ; for the Emperor Charles fending:
the Learned Vacca de Caftro with full Authority to Peru, to fettle thar difturb’d
Kingdom, Almagro now us’d to Govern, had no Ears to becoie a Subject;
therefore he march’d with an Army to meet Ca/tro, by whom, after a bloody
ere t Fight, being beaten and put to flight, having four thoufand Men, he fell into
| the: Victors Hands near Cufco, wheré he was treated very feverely ; for fhortly
Gaftre's Cruclty? ~ after -he was condemn’d to’ be Beheaded ; others were ftrangled, and fome
torn in pieces with Horfes. |
Not long after this great Execution, Blafco Nunnex Vela came to Pern, and
la Vice-Roy
ofPow, being appointed Vice-Roy, had four Councellors affign’d him, with whom
he.was.to confult in, all Affairs ; and efpecially to fet the Indians at liberty,
which till then had fuffer’d much mifery under the Spanifb Tyranny : To
perform which, the Emperor had given an Order under his Great Seal, which
was to be publifh’d and proclaim’d in all Places. Vela at his arrival faithfully
perform’d all his Commands, feiz’d upon Vacca de Caftro, becaufe he had Exe-
cuted Almagro without any Examination or Tryal ; yet by this means he got
the hatred of all, fo that moft of the Spaniards chofe Gonfalvo Pizarro for their
Chief, whereby Affairs grew daily more and more out of Order. Nunnex
Murders Xuarezs Vela \aid all the blame thereof upon William Xuarex Governor of Lima, whom
he fent for in the Night, and correcting over-feverely
gave him alfo two mors
tal Wounds, of which he prefently died: The Body was in the Morning
drawn along the Streets, which caus’d fo great a murmuring amongft the In-
habitants, that foon after they feem’d to make a general Infurrection : Where-
fore Nunnex Vela fearing the worft, refolv’d to convey himfelf from thence ins
cognito, and pafs to Truxillo: But his four Councellors advis’d him to the con-
trary ; yet he took his own way, canfing all his Treafure to be fent aboard ;
and having made ready his Horfes to depart, the Common People in a tumul-
tuous manner fet upon the Palace, catching, {matching up, and carrying away
couftaken and putin Pic all the Silver they could find, and meeting the Vice-Roy, feiz’d,and thruft him
into a Dungeon; which done, they fell at variance amongft themfelves ; for
fome would have him executed, but others infitted to have him fence Prifoner
to Spain ; which laft being the more moderate,getting the upper Hand,Vela was
> put aboard, and committed to the cuftody of Didacus Alvarex,who Anchoring in
the Mouth of the River Tombez (kindnefs growing betwixt them ) releas’d the
Vice-Roy his Prifoner, and fet him afhore, who not long after cot fome Fore
ces together. | , |
Mean while Pizarro was every where acknowledg’d for Supreme Governor,”
who having Intelligence of the Vite-Roys Defign, fent Francifco Carvayales
thie
ther, between whom and Vela was a fharp Encounter, but at laft being worft-
Is Beheaded: ed, and retaken by Carpayales, he was foon after executed, and his Head plac’d
- ona Pole near the Gallows. . The
 Chap. If: AMERICA. 103

The Emperor Charles turmoil’d with Wars at home, faw no likelyhood to

fectle the confus’d Affairs of Peru ; yer at laft he thought itj convenient to fend
one Peter Gajca thither, an Becletiatick: of a fubtile aad ingenious Wier, who
landing Anno i546. in Sais sith no Sher Title than Chief (Councellor to the Ems
peror, took quite another courfe than Vela, perfwading them all, that Affairs
fhould be fetled in order; according to sheie own defires, and Ritmney Milcar-
tiages never be remembred, being utterly deleted by an Aa of Oblivion.
The News of this General Pardon f{preading it felf far and near, wrought
a great change; for Pixarro’s Intimates, and thofe neareft of Concern, fhrnak
daily from him ; which Ga/ca obGinidte march’d againft him: and Ebinethey Gafca’s murderous Ex-
ploits.
might make che more hafte, they loaded feveral Peruvians, chain’ d, with their
Arms, whom when they lage’d, they {witch’d and whipp’d before shes And
now both Armies being met, and difcharging their Cannons at one another,
with confiderable lofs to each fide, whole Regiments came running over to
Gafca; fo that Pizarro being quite forfaken, yielded himfelf to the mercy of
the Conqueror, who accus’d him of High Treafon, and caus’d him to be Gonfaives Pizarro {trans
gled.
ftrangled ina Dungeon, and fix’d his Head on a Marble Pillar in Lima, envie
ron’d with Iron Rails, and infcrib’d with a brief Account of all his @iences,
But Ga/ca not thus fatisfied, hang’d up feveral Commanders,and whipping and
ftigmatizing others , condemn’d them after to the Gallies: But his greateft
{pight was againft the Field-Marfhal Carvayales, a Perfon of the Age of four-
{core years, whom tying to a Horfes Tail, he caus’d a whole Hour to’ be Cruelty us'd on Carvays
ales,
drawn up and down the Market--place, dasa d and derided of all People,
which done, he was quarter’d alive.
Not long after Gafca furrendred the Command of Peru to the Learned (ians
cay and carried an unvaluable Treafure to Germany, for the Emperor Charles,
who gave him in requital for his faithful Service, the Bifhoprick of Valentia.

Sec Tr. XII.

The Expeditions of John Stade, aud Nicholas Durando Villegagnon.

Az the fame time that Gafca arriv aiin Spain,Jobn Stade had the Command
over afmall Fort rais’d of Stone and,Earth, on the Ifland Maro, adjacent
to Brafile, becaufe the Salvage People of Tupin Imba fail’d wwice a year from
_ the Countrey of Brikioka, to Maro, atthe time when the Plant Abbati was ripe,
of which they made the Liquor that they generally drink at their Humane -
Banquets : They alfo landed on Maro about the Bratti-Fifhing. This Bratti
isa Fifth of avery delicious tafte, either caught in Nets, or fhot by the Tupin
Imba, and carried to their feveral Habicationd: Againft thefe People Stade kept
acontinual Guard, when Heliodorus Heffe, Son to Eobanus Heffe, the famous
Latin Poet in‘Germany, came to vifit him. Stade to entertain his Gueft the bet-
- ter, went into the Woods to hunt for Venifon, where he was taken by the Tupin |Stade
5 alse
taken by the.Cem-

Imba, of which the King march’d in the Rear with a great Palm-Tree Club,
and carried him towards the Sea fide, that he, with others that waited on the
Shore, might make up a Kawewipepicke (that is, 4 Feaft of Rofted Men) But be-
caule Stade being-a German of a large Body, well-skinn’d, young, plump and
fat, they all concluded to fpare this Dainty, and carry him alive to Brikioka, His ftrange Entertain-
ment amongit them.
that with fucha Banquet they might highly carefs their Wives : But the Joure
ney being long, and a jut fdiclancholy poffefling him with-fear, and the terror
of
 AMERICA ‘Chap. If;
of cettain death, and to be Food for fuch ravenous Cannibals, fo macerated and
confum’d him, that he was almoft dwindled away to Skin and Bone ; wheres
upon thinking him thus lean to make but few favory Morfels, they chang’d
theirfrefolutions, and growing better acquainted , he having learn’d their
Tongue, and being able to difcourfe with them, they lik’d his company fo
well, that they let him live amongft them: Nine years Stade had been a Slave
amongft thefe Man-eatets, when the French coming thither, bought him for a
few Trifles, and carried him to Normandy, where landing Anno 1555. he went
‘from thence to Hamburgh, being his Native Countrey.
Dwrande's Expedition. Nicholas Durande a Frenchman fet Sail from Havre de Grace, at the fame timé ©
when Stade came thither. This Durande having loft a Caftle in Brittain, to the
great prejudice of the French, out of a pretence of advancing their Affairs,and
to fill up their almoft exhaufted Treafury, reported, That the Spanifh and Por-
tuguefe Forces were driven out of India, where they had gather’d fo mich
Wealth, and it would certainly redound to the Honor and Profit of France,
if they could become Matters of the Gold and Silver Mines. King Henry the
Second approving of the Propofal, and the more becaufe the Admiral Gasper
(oligni was alfo very earneft, looking upon it asa fafe Retreat for the Prote-
fants, at that time cruelly perfecuted » and Durande, fenfible of the Admirals
thoughts, privately inform’dhim, That in his American Defign he chiefly aim’d
+o plant a True Church of God in America, where the Profeflors might enjoy
themfelves peaceably. This Report being fpread amongft thofe that call’d
themfelves Prote/fants, (fled from Switzerland in great numbers to France) made
many of them venture upon the Defign ; who having fitted themfelves, and
fetting {ail with three Ships, after fome time arriv’d on the Coaft of Brajile,
and landed on the Rock-I/land, in the Haven Januario : Here Durande built feve-
ral Watch-houfes, and the Fort Coligni, which he fortified with a confiderable
number of Guns : Not long after he writ to fobn Calvin, That he would pleafe
to furnifh this new Plantation in Brafile with good and able Teachers of the
Gofpel , which Requeft being immediately taken into ferious confideration by
the Claffes, one Philip Corguileray, a Gentleman near Geneva, fet Sail out of the
Haven Honfleurs, with three Ships, freighted with fome Provifions, feveral Per-
fons of divers Trades, and two Minifters, Peter Richer, and William Chartier :
Diffention ifthe few Co- But he had f{carce made Africa, when they began to have a {carcity of Victuals ;
wherefore they turn’d their Defign of fetling the Gofpel in America, to Pyracy,
where they made {mall fcruple or difference, whether Friends or Foes, but
made Prize of all they could light upon, though indeed their Minifters both
preach’dand perfwaded the contrary, amongft whom a Controverfie happen-
ing, put other Bufinefs into their Heads, for one John Cointak, formerly a Pas
rifian Sorbonift, was alfo amongft thofe that remov’d from Geneva, who pretend-
ed that Coligni had promis’d him a Minifters place, fo foomas he landed at Bra-
file ; but Richer and Chartier, not fatisfied that there was any fuch Promife, and
confequently thinking. themfelves not obliged by his bare Affertion, told him,
That themfelves being able, under God, to perform the Work, they needed no
fuch Coadjutor: This bred fo great a Rancor between them, that Cointak ac-
Wickednefs of Coimtak a- cus’d them for teaching falfe Do&rine, and chiefly that they did not mix the
_ gainft the Minifters,
Wine at their Sacraments with Water, which Father Clemens had ftrictly com-
manded. Durande, being prevail’d on by the Cardinal of Lorein, joyn’d with
Coimtak, and thereupon fo fharply perfecuted the Proteftants, that he ftarv'd fe-
veral of them, which others to elcape fled to the Brafilians : Nay, he took-Jobn
— Da
Chap. UI § AMERICA. re
Du Bordell, Matthias Vermeil, and Peter Bourdon, out of their Sick-Beds, and tY- _ Durande drowns three
ing their Hands and Feet, threw them headlong from a Rock into the Sea: “Nein
5 oi after which, the bloody Perfecutor return’d with ill fuccefs to France ,
where he wrote a Book againft the Reform’d Religion;but all the Honor which
he gain’d was,that all Parties on both fides accounted him a diftracted Perfon.

Spicer. XII.
The Expeditions ofJohn Ribald, Renatus Laudonier, and Gurgie.

Piborie being upon the Continent of Ameriica, and fo call’d by John Ponteus, Florida unhappily difeo-
who landed there upon Palm-Sunday, though Sebaftian Gaboto a Venetian, im- weet
ploy’d by. Henry the Seventh King of England, landed there before,.-may well be ©
term’d the Europeans Bloody Stage, Boneeys Keint flain here: But Ferdinand Sotto
exetcis’d againft the Inhabitants inhumane Cruelty five years together ; yet at
laft died of a deep difcontent, becaufe fe could not reach his Aims, having
condemn’d fo many Floridans fruitlefly to dig for Gold in the Mines. However,
fince that, Julian Sumanus and Peter Abumada undertook the Work anew , but
with the like bad Succefs. uno 1545: one Lodowick Cancello,a Dominican chought
to effect great things with four of his Affociates ; but landing on Florida, was
deftroy’d by the Natives. But Ga/per Coligni the Marfhal, neither difcourag’d=
rby thefe miferable Proceedings, nor the former Basachess of Durande, pre-
par'd for a new Expedition thither ; and accordingly John Ribald was fitted —Risatd's Voyage:
with two Ships from Diep , at the, Charge of (hbarles the. Ninth King. of
. France, wherewith having fail’d thirty Degrees.Northern Latitude , he
edie bale the Promontory of Francifco, where he ran up into the Mouth of
a wide River, to which he gave the denomination of Dolphin, upon whofe
Banks were whole Mulberry-Woods, which nourifh’d Silk-Worms in ftrange
abundance. From hence he fail’d by the Wolves Head (a Point fo call'd, becaufe
great numbers of Wolves breed there) and leaving the (edar-Ifland, landed on
Florida, where he built a Triangular Fort, and having furnifh’d it with Men,
Guns, a Provifions, fail’d back for more Supplies to France ;but coming chi
ther, found all things in diforder, occafion’d by a War amoneft them{elves
fo that the French which guarded and dwelt in the Fort, waited in vain for Re: Sethe in Eherids
lief, and their Provifions growing fcant, thought it ficteft and their belt way
to build a Veffel, and fail from thence ; which having effected, and being
gone about the third part of their Voyage there, hapned fuch 2 Calm for twen-
_ty Days, thatthey made not the leaft way, which drove them to fo great extre-
mity, their Provifions being {pent, that they drank their own Urine, and fed
upon their old Shoes, which alfo in a fhort time failing, they dpreed amongft
themfelvesto kill feaeat one of their Sea-men, call’d Henry pl on whofe unheatg-of Hunger:
Flefh they liv’d fome days; but being again driven to the greateft want ima-
ginable, in this extremity of Defparation, their Condition being altogether
hopelefs, an nglifh Frigat difcovering them, and obferving by their manner of
Sailing that they were in fome great want, dranite near,fent their Long-boat
aboard, and found them fo weal that they were not able to handle their
Tack ; whereupon generoully ealeitag pity of them, they relievd them, and
conduéted them to the Coaft of Fnglaud, and then brought them to Queen Els-
xabeth, who had formerly defign’d to rig a Fleet for Florida.
Mean while, no News having been heard of the foremention’ d French Plan-
tation
 106 AMERICA. Chap. IIT.
tation in Brafile, and Coligni’s Difference with the King being decided, he pre-
Latdonier’s Voy ys
ave. vail’d fo much,that Renatus Landonier fhould with three Ships fail to relieve the -
Garrifon in the late deferted Fort. Laudonier landing in Nova Francia, found a
Stone with a French Infcription, plac’d on the Shore by Ribald,and hung full of -
Laurel Garlands: Then he vifited the King Suturiona, whofe Son Atorcus had fe»
veral Children by his own Mother, according to a Salvage Cuftom obferv’d in
that Countrey. Whilftthey ftay’d here,a Fiery Meteor appear’d in the Sky ,with
fuch fervor,that fome Rivers boyl’d with the heat of it,and the Fifh parboyl’d,
died ; nay more, it {corch’d all the Plants far and near: The Natives afcrib’d
this Plague to the French Cannons, by which means they ftood in great fear
of the French, who might have done great things had not they differ'd
Remarkable difference in amongft themfelves; For a Sea-man nam’d Qubel Patracon, pretending to
the Freach Flect.
have skill in Necromancy, would undertake to fhew the Places where the Gold
and Silver Mines were, which the reft of the Sea-men believing, rebell’d
againft Landonier, and though fick, imprifon'd him, forcing him to figa a Wri-
ting to this effet, Thatthe two Ships, of which the Rebels made Vaffar and
Trincant Commanders, fhould with his leave and permittance {ail to New Spain
for Provifions. Whilft they were preparing for their Voyage, Rupiferrir ha-
ving been fent co the King Utina,came back with many rich Prefents,and with-
al brought Information’of the Gold and Silver Mynes Apalatica; but Vaffar and
-Trincant taking no notice thereof, fer forth, and took a Spanifh Carvel, richly
laden before Havana, whofe Commander they agreed to releafe on the pay-
ment of a great Ranfon ; ‘but the Mafters Son being fent afhore to fetch the
Money which they had agreed for,in ftead thereof,made his Fathers Mifchance
known’; whereupon two great Frigats and a Galley were the next Morning
very early fent to attaque the French, between whom was a {harp Ericounter ;
but in a fhort time the two Pyrats were funk, and the Prifoners fold for Slaves,
excepting a few that efcap’d in their Long-boat.
* Inthis interim Landonier receiving no Supply from France, was brought to
great extremity ; for the Rebels had carried great part of his Store with them.
In thefe ftraights he was fore’d by thofe that ftaid with him, contrary to the
Articles of Peace lately made with King Utina, to take him Prifoner, in hopes
that for his Liberty he would procure them fome Provifions, but the Inhabi-
tants incens’d at the bafenefs of fo unexpected an Action, could not be
“wrought upon by any means to give them Relief; but grown more perverfe
than before,appointed a general Meeting to elect another King; fo that out of
all hopes, they utterly gave themfelves over for loft. In this defperate conditis
on, John Haukins,a great Sea-Captain, came thither with four Engli/h Ships,who
pitying their mifery, furnifh’d them with Neceflaries, and having onely four
Veffels, lent them one, becaufe Landonier was at that time too weak to endure
the Sea ; but not long after recovering ftrength, and all things ready to fet Sail,
Ribald came to an Anchor before Charles-Fort, with feven Ships from Diep :
Within few days after, the Spanifh Admiral Peter Melandex arriv’d with eight
Frigats, whereof the French having Intelligence, cut their Cables, and ftood
out to Sea, whom the Spaniards chac’d, but could not reach; whereupon lea-
ving them, they landed in the Mouth of the River Dolphin, where by help of
the Moori(h Slaves they began to intrench themfelves; of which Ribald having
notice , immediately fail’d thither , at leaft to difturb , if not abfolutely
drive them from theit Work ; but furpriz’d in the way by a great Storm; -
loft moft of his Fleet, ingag’d among the Rocks; yet the Men were moft of
them
 Chap. [if. AMERICA. HOt 107
them fav’d. Inthis Storm the Spaniards allo {uffer’d great damage, yet made _
an Advantage of the Frenchmens Misfortune, marching with all {peed to Charless
Fort, in which were onely two hundred weak Men, Ribald having taken the
primeft Soldiers along with him.. In the Morning before Sun-rife the Spaniards
made a fierce Aflault, and in a fhort time became Mafters of the Place, which
Landonier {eeing, fled ina Boat; others leaping from the Walls into the Moat,
fav’d themfelves by fwimming : Whoever fell into the Victors Hands, was | Gre cmely ofthedpe:
without mercy flain; nay , fuch-was the Spaniards inveterate mialice to the Oy se etiey:
French, that wanting living Bodies, they exercis'd their Cruelty upon the dead,
pulling outtheir Eyes, and cuttitig off their Members, carrying them in Tri-
umph on the Points of their Swords. In the interim, the Storm ceafing, R:-
bald approach’d Charles-Fort, with his fhatter’d Fleet; but was fo amaz’d when
he faw the Spanifh Flag fet upon the Walls, and Vallemond marching towards
him with a Squadron of Spaniards, that although a River lay between them,
yet he prefently came toa Treaty, and deliver’d up all his Men, being above
four hundred, upon promife of good Quarter ; but the Spaniards in ftead of
keeping their Agreement, bound them, leading them all to the Caftle, wheré,
both againft their Articles, and the Lawof Arms, they maffacred them, and
burnt their Bodies ; but Ribald being quarter’d, they fix’d his Limbs upon
Poles about the Walls, fending his Head to Sevil. When Charles the Ninth,
King of France, receiv'd notice hereof, he was not in the leaft concern’d at the
Spanifh Cruelty us’d to his Subjects, out of a particular hatred to Coligni, the
firft Promoter of the Voyage. But though the French Crown fo little regard- —¢agiesvaliam Explois
ed the inhumane Ufage committed by the Spaniards in Charles-Fort, yet Domi- accor kaula
nicus Gurgie fhew’d himfelf fo highly concern’d thereat, that turning all his
Goods into Money, he levied two hundred Soldiers, and fourfcore Sea-men,
which he put aboard three {mall Ships, pretending that he would onely touch
at Brafile, but failing beyond Cuba, he ftood dire&tly for Florida, wheré aftet
his Landing he was,kindly receiv’d by Saturiona the King, who complaining
much againft the Spaniards Oppreffions, fent to’ joyn with him his Kinfman
Olotocaray having the Command of a great Army. | |
‘The Spaniards by this time had not onely ftrengthned Charles-Fort, but alfo
_-rais’d two, others on each fide of the River Mayo, in which thtee Holds lay
Garrifon’d above four hundred choice Soldiets. Thofe in the new Forts made
little refiftance, but quitting the fame, and flying into a neighboring Wood, |
fell into an Ambufcade of Indians, who flew thirty of them, and preferv’d
ninety for a Publick Execution. Thus they march’d on victorioufly to Charles~_
Fort, where by the way fixty Spaniards fallying out, were every one cut off,
which much facilitated the Frenchmens Work. The Governor Melandez, feeing
4 certain ruinie attend him, fled into the Woods; but met there by the’ Flori
dans, return’d to the French, of whom he bego’d Life for himfelf, and fome of
his People: Yet Gurgie deaf to all intreaties, would hear nothing, but prefs
fing on, took them all Prifoners, and as a juft Reward of their Cruelty to his
Countrey-men, hang’d them on the next Trees: After which Execution, it
can fearce be exprefs'd how kindly the Natives entettain’d the French, becaufe
they had freed the Countrey from the Spanifh Oppreffions. Thus having ac-
complifh’d hisDefign, and returning home, he was nobly receiv'’d at Rochel,
but had not'the leaft Countenance for all his trouble from the King ; the Car- Isungratsfully rewarded,
dinal of Lorein telling him, That for bis good Service be ought to fuffer death, becaufe
be had fitted ont three Ships spon his own Account, without Authority.
Sse 7.
'
 AMERICA Chap. III.
Sect: XIV.

Four Englifh Expeditions, under the Condudt of our Famous SeasCaptains Martin
Forbifher, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Candifh, and John Smith. |

Dorbifeer's Expedition, Cre Forbifher failing to the Northern Parts of America, Anno 1576. chufing
a bad time, the Year being too much fpent, and the Ocean fo full of Ice,
thatitforc’d himto return to England : Not many Months after, he renew’d
his Voyage; Queen Elizabeth having tigg’d out, andfent under his Command
one Frigat and two Ketches, Mann’d with ahundred and forty Men: The
twenty fixth of May he weigh’d Anchor, and fail’d to the Orkenies, lying to the
North of Scotland, where landing, he found the poor Iflandets fled out of their
Huts, into Caves and Dens among the Rocks.’ From thencé he fteer’d North-
North-Weft, through abundance of floating Pieces of Timber, which often- -
times gave him great ftops. The fourth of Fuly he made Friezland, where hie
met with a great Storm of Hail, mix’d with Snow; Before the Shore lay a
great Ridge of Ice, which hindred for a while their Landing: Here he faw
feveral Wild People, “but could not come to {peak with them; for upon the
leaft approach they fled ;yet when they faw any advantage, made refiftance :
At laft, three of them came unatm’d to the Shore, beckoning Forbifher to come
_ tothem ; which he had done, had not great numbers of the Natives appear’d
too foon from an Ambufcade in 2 Wood, and behind a Hill, who feeing thems
{elves difcover'd, march’d up into the Countrey, three onely ftaying on the
Shore, of whom the middlemoft feigning to be lame, at laft fell down, whom
his Companions took up, and carried a little way, but then forfook, by which
the Englifh obferving their Defign, fhot that the Sand flew all about him :
whereupon forgetting his Lamenefs, he ran as {wift as a Deer up a Hill.
Forbifher’s Men had by this time fill’d two Barrels with a Mineral not unlike
Gold, but. was afterwards found to be of little value. Nothing elfe of Re-
mark did he find here, except great long-hair’d Men, who being exceeding
falvage, fubtilly plot nothing elfe-but to murder, lurking for Men, like Wild
Beafts for their Prey, whom, when caught, they tear in pieces. Clofe fitted
to their Bodies, they wore the Skins of feyeral Wild Beafts, priding in the
Tails which hung down betwixt their Legs. Their Tents are of conjoyn’d
Whalebones, cover’d over with the like Skins, the Entrance always facing the
South. They ufe Bowes, Arrows, Slings, and two forts of Boats: Inthe big.
geft they can carry feventeen Men, which are made of feveral Wooden Planks
clinch’d together, and cafed on both fides with Leather: The fmalleft ones
are cover'd juft in the fame manner, much refembling a Weavers Shuttle,
ha-~
ving in the middlea Hole, wherein a Man fits, who drawing the Cover of the
Boat about his Wafte by Strings, with one Oar makes {wift Paflage. ae
The Countrey it felf is barren, yet feeds abundance of Deer,Hares, Wolves,
Bears, and Dogs like Wolves, whofe Fleth ferves thé Inhabitants for Food.
This Countrey feems to be exceedingly troubled with great Earthquakes,
_ becaufe feveral pieces of Rocks, and whole Mountains rent afunder, may be.
feen in divers places.
The fourth of Auguft, Forbifher having elevated the Pole to fixty
eight Des
grees, beyond what Sebaftian Gabor, the firft Difcoverer of thofe Parts, and
fer
out by Henry the Seventh, had done (for America Northward never
before had
been
 Chap. IIL. MMERICA. 69

been fo far penetrated) and laden with a fort of fhining Sand, which he be-
liev’d might contain much of a Golden Oar, having with him three of the Na-
tives, viz, a Man, a Woman,and a Child, fet Sail tor England, and the feventh
of September came to Milford-Haven, and not long after arriv’d in London, where
in fhort time the Salvages died.
At the fame time when Forbifher {ail’d Northerly, Sir Francis Drake alfo, fitted Sir Frascis Drake's Ex-
out by Queen Elizabeth, fteer’d another Courfe, failing by Cape Blanko and Cape pedition.

Verde,alontheg African Coaft,to Brafile, where he caught feveral Sea-Wolves,and

Anchoring in the River La Plata , furnifh’d himfelf with Frefh Water : Then
proceeding on his Voyage through the crooked Straights of Magellan, he came
to an Anchor before Moucha, wath’d by the South Sea. The Iflanders receiv'd
him very courteoufly, becaufe they were inform’d that thé Englifh were at great
Wars with the Spaniards, to avoid whofe Cruelties, they had deferted the main
Continent, and fetled on Moucha. One of thefe Mouchaners going aboard, ferv’d
them for a Pilot to the Haven Valparizo, where Drake burnt the St. Jago, a {mall
Village, and plundring all the Countrey about it, got together a great Trea-
fure of Gold and Silver. Before Arica he took three Spanifh Ships, richly la-
den ; and before Lima, four more, having an unvaluable Treafure of Pearls
and Gold aboard them. Thus jarich’d, he fteer’d his Courfe Northerly to
forty two Degrees; but the Cold forcing him to fall four Degrees to the South-
ward, he difcover’d a very pleafant and inhabited Coaft, the People whereof
fhew’d him great kindnefs: The King himfelf coming aboard with’a great
Train, fet a Crown of Gold upon Drakes Head, and gave him a Golden Scep-
ter, and an Ivory Chain. After this he infpected the Iflands Tidor, Ternata,
Java, Zeilon, and Cape de Bona Ejperanza, from whence, after a three Years Voy-
age, having encompafs'd the World, he came fafe to London, where he refted
not long ; for failing Anno 1585. to America, he took great Prizes from the Ci-
ties St. Jago, St. Domingo, St. Augu/lin, and Carthagena, fetting them all on Fire.
Thus again returning home victorioully, and after the famous defeat of the
O Spanifh
 AMER IEA * Cape JEP.
Spanifh Armado, he rigg’d out anew, Fleet, having for his Vice-Admiral Cap-
tain Flawkins: ‘Their Defign was to have fail’d to Panama; but both dying,
and fo the Commiffion ceafing, the expected great and golden Project alfo
died) with them. ag ‘: | et) Se
Candif his Expedition. A Year after the death of thefe famous Navigators, Captain Thomas Candish
Mann’d with a hundred and twenty Men, and Provifions for two Years, fet-
_ ting fail ina lucky Hour, a fecond time encompafs'd the World, paffing the
Straights of Magellan ; in which Voyage having got above ten times the value
of his Charge, by taking the Spanish Cartack St. Anna, valued at twenty Tun of
Gold; and at laft freighted with a Mafs of Treafure, he came fafe into the
River.of Thames. 0 4 REBT re | eo
Smith's Voyage. But much worfe fuccefs had Captain John Smith, who weigh’d Anchor Anno
1614. with two Ships, fitted our by feyeral Merchants in London, for New-Eng-
land, and on the MlandMongchiggato load Copper, Gold; ‘and: other Minerals
that were tobehadithere, and alfoto fiflyforWhales : But there were no fuch
Minerals to be found there, nor any Whales to be taken on the Coaft, becaufe —
the time of the Year was pat, fo that he return’d home without Succels.
However, not long after, they undertook the fame Expedition a fecond time,
but with worfe Fortune ; Sewing gecten in fight of Virginid,hewas treache-
roufly fet upon, and ‘taken bythe French, who accus’d him, that he had de-
ftroy’d the Plantations in Nova Francia, and unlefs he would make fatisfaction
for the Damage, they threatned him withdeath. He was carried Prifoner to
Rochel, in a French Ship ; but not far from thence furpris’d by a mighty Storm,
Smith finding an opportunity, leap’d into the Boat, and driving betwixt the
Waves, at laft, half dead, was thrown upon the Ifland of Oleron, whom after-
wards, having loft all, an Englifh Ship took in, and brought to his Native
Countrey. |

Srecr. XV.

Netherland Expedition by Jaques Mahu, and Simon de Cordes,

Mabu’s Voyage: ieIve Ships being fitted out at Rotterdam, the Command of them was given
to Jaques Mahu and Simon de Cordes, who. on the twenty feventh of June,
Anno 1598. weigh’d Anchor from the Goree, and fail’d on an immen{e Voyage;
at laft landing at the Iiland St. Jago, they won a flrong Caftle there, and took
two Barques; but at laft Articled with the Portugue/e, that they might undi-
fturb’d fupply themfelves with Frefh Water, yet they, as if they minded no
Agreements, whilft the Dutch were filling their Casks, came down upon them
with two hundred Horfe, each having a Foot-Soldier behind him ; but the
Hhllanders made fo ftout refiftance, that they put them all to flight.
The City of St.Jago,which gives Denomination to the whole land,is built
long-wife, having a convenient Haven, like a Crefcent: Through the City
glides a River, on both fides. of which, beyond the Town, arife feveral high
Mountains : That part which faces the Sea, hath Fortifications, defended with
ftrong Bulwarks. The Portuguefe had brought all their Guns to bear towards -
the Sea,"to fink the Hlolland Ships, which they invited thither under pretence of
kindnefs but a gteat Storm hindred the Fleet, that they could not Anchor
=
—— at the appointed place ;onely two of the Ships fail’d pretty near, but not
=i
==
within Shot. |
From

ae
——
—
Chap. $$ AMERICA in

;
r tol

- From hence fteering to the Defolate Ifland Brava, they faw.nothing but five
' ruin’d Houfes, the Door of one ftopp’d up with great Stones, which being
taken away, was found full of Turkifh Wheat, which prov’d a great kindnefs
to the Seasmen. :
Mean while the Admiral Mabu died, and his Body pucintoa Cheft fAll’dup sate cies.
with Stones, was thrown over-board ; fo that Simon des (Cordes carrying the cordshis Voyage:
Flag, fteer’d his Courfe to Guinee, there to refreth himfelf; for moft of his
Men were fo weakned by the Scurvey, that they were fcarce able to hand the
Sails. | ) |
Arriving at their intended Port, the Sick were carried afhore; and the
Vice-Admiral Beuningen, being conducted by a French Guide, went to the Vices
Roy of that Countrey, who fat ona low Bench, with a Sheeps-skin under his Stange KinginGainey,
Feet, in a Violet-colour’d Cloth Suit, without any Linnen, Shirt, Shoes, or
Stockins; on his Head a Cap made of yellow, red, and blue Eaftern Cloth ;
his Face whitened with Athes, fhew’d in feveral places its natural blacknefs,ap-
pearing through the Colours; about his Neck a Collar or Chain of Glafs
Beads: Behind him fat his Nobles, with Cocks Feathers on their Heads, and
their Skins painted Red. |
Beuningen plac’d by the King on a Mat, complain’d to him, That the Guine-
ans fled from him where-ever he came, though in Friendfhip, to barter Europe-
an Commodities with them, againft Fruits, Poultrey, Sheep, and other Provi-
fions: Whereupon the King promis’d to furnifh him therewith, and invited
Beuningen to Dinner. After fome ftay, the Kings Wives entred the Palace, a
very mean and ill-favour’d Building, more like a great Barn than a Kings
Houfe, and plac’da kind of nafty Trough on the Grourid, in which lay no.
thing but fome wild Herbs, and a piece of a {moak’d Sea-Calf; and though
he was a Perfon of the largeft fize, and corpulent, yet he eat {paringly. Bens
ningen, though exceeding hungry, found lictle rellifh in fuch kind of Meats, .
wherefore {preading a Napkin, his Attendants brought hina fome Bisket and .
ele Spanifh
 A MERIC &A: Chapi lIf.
Spanifh Wine, whereof after the King -had tafted, he lik’d fo well the rellifh, -
that it rock’d him afleep, whilft Beuningen walk’d to the Sea-fide to refreth him.
felf; but the Guineans coming about him, he was forc’d to return to the
King, who waking at the noife, appear’d highly incens’d at his People; and
took Beuningen into his Houfe : However the Subjects , notwithftanding
the Kings Commands, when Beuningen was fent into a neighboring Hut, kept
Watch about it all Night: The next Morning early an old Woman entred,
muttering to her felf, and went out and in to Beuningen three times one after
another, knocking on a Box not unlike a-Pair of Bellows, out of which flew
abundance of Duft about Beuningen, which caus’d a great Laughter amongft
the Guineans. ‘The King alfo coming to him, prefented him with two Goats,
and four Hens, and fo conducted him back to the Ships.
Beuningen feeing that there was no good to be done, fet fail from thence,and
Bloody Seay veryftrange COMIng before the River La Plata im America, it appear’d Blood-red. Out of
-the Water which was taken up in Buckets, ftarted a fort of Infeéts like
. Fleas, which caus’d a ftrange and fad Diftemper amongft the Sea-men, that
when any Meat was offer’d to them, fo foon as ever they put it to their
Mouths, they would fall down backwardsin a f{woon, foaming and frothing
at the Mouth, and turning up the White of their Eyes, die diftracted Suffering
under this Difafter, they hafted from thence with all fpeed, and failing into the
Straights of Magellan they kill’d above fourteen hundred Penguyins, which is a
Bird that preys on Fifh, and lives in Holes under Ground; they fomewhat res
femble aGoofe, onely they ftand more upright, and are double-crefted; with
two plumy Combs. Coming to an Anchor in the Green-Bay, there arofe a great
Storm, which continued feveral days, fo that they were forc’d to moor their
Veffels with four Anchors, extremely affliéted both with Hunger and Cold,
preferving themfelves alive by eating young Grout, at that time not above a
fpan high from the Ground ; but this courfe Food bred an incurable Dropfie,
that pofted them on to a fudden death. Afterwards, when the Weather grew
Salvagesinthe Straighs more pleafant, the Inhabitants being Gyants, moft of them eleven Foot high,
ou Magellan.ta grew more troublefom, oftentieee thy g them, and throwin
mes affailin i g Darts point-
i
ed like Harping-Irons, at which they were very expert. Their Salvage Natures
may appear by their Dealings with the dead Hollanders, cutting off their Heads,
and bruifing them to pieces, fticking Darts through their Hearts, and cutting
off their Privities.
At laft the Fleet getting into the South Sea, were by ftrefs of Weather fepa-
rated one from another: Two Ships, being the Faith, and the Good Tydings,
were driven back into the Straights of Magellan, where they fuffer’d the utter-
A wild Woman, moft extremity of Hunger: Here they took a wild Woman, and two Chil-
dren, who being of a fallow Complexion, had a great hanging Belly, a wide
Mouth, crooked Legs, long Heels, and Breafts like Cows Udders ; about her
Neck a String of Snail-fhells, and upon het Back a Beafts Skin, faftned about
her Neck with the Sinews of it : her Food nought elfe but live Fowls: The
fame Diet the Children fed upon : The youngeft being but fix Months old,
had his Mouth full of Teeth, and ran without any help : The eldeft they cars
_riedto Amfterdam ; but having kept the Woman aboard two Nights, they gave
her feveral Trifles, and fet her afhore. Here they found old Ice in the middle
ae
as
—
~ of Summer, four Foot thick. Te
>5,4 rs——
»—_— ——
Ye
>
Beuningen lingred in the Straights of Magellan, and being tired out with
———
=
Hunger, Cold, and Storms, return’d home; and had they mot by accident
7 taken
‘,=z a —:
=a
——
=—ae
Se
ry
~<-~— oul

=."
-
a

Eales
= =—_—

———
wf¥.ae?
ae
Se
a
 Chap. HII. AMERICA. 113
taken abundance of Coneys, they had all perifh’d. Above two Years had this
unhappy Voyage lafted, when they arriv’d at their Native Countrey, with fix
and thirty Men, being siliahigs remain’d alive of a hundred and five.

Sect. XVI.

The Expedition of Oliver van Noord.

‘Wo Months after Mabu, Oliver van Noord fet fail with four Ships, and two
hundred forty eight Men, fromthe Maes, Having reach’d the Princes
Ifland, he loft feven of his Men be the Treachery of the Portugue/e ; and An-
choring before the City Javeiro, he was no better entertain’d by the fame Nati-
on: Here having 2 Rencounter, and both Sides receiving confiderable
Lofs, he-fteer’d for St. Sebajtian, a Paticfl Ifland, producing an Herb very
wholefom againft the Scuryey: Here the Sea-men found great ftore of Sea-
Mews, and Parrots, befides feveral forts of delicious Fifh. The approaching
Winter advis’d Shem from entring the Straights of Magellan fo late; wherefore
they judg’ d it beft to feek a convenient Harbor, to put their Sick sfhiere to re-
frefh themfelyes. The Ifland St. Hellen, for its fruitfulnefs, feem’d to be the
moft convenient for this purpole ; but a great Storm preventing them, they
came to St. Clara, where taking iin Frefh Water, they caft Anchor in Porte De- Porto Defire,

fire. In this Hayen they faw a kind of Sea--Dogs, whofe fore-parts being over- Sea- Dogs.
grown with long Hair, feem’d like a Lyon, and the Feet like Mens Hands,
over their Eyes and Upper-lips grew black and white Hair, which in Stormy
Weather ftands ftaring upright, but in Calm, lies flat and {mooth; they Urine
backwards, fleep very foundly, and caft Ton Young ie Month : Their
Flefh well- boyl d proyd a fayory Difh. ?
Van Noord going afhore here, faw nota Man, “bur only.Siting,“places on +
Strange Tombs,’ ?
high Rocks, built of red Stones, andadorn’d both within and without with
Bowes, atowa. and other ftrange things :> Under the Heads :of the Dead lay,
four-fquare Shells, and other things artificially carv'd. Curiofity made. them
defirous to make a further fearch intothe Countrey ; wherefore he rowed du-
ring a Whole Tide upa River; and when their Boat ran aground at the
time of Ebb, he walk’d feveral Leagues up into the Countrey, where he faw
nothing but Deer, Buffles, and Oftriches : and becaufe he faw no People, he
judg’d the Coaft to be uninhabited; but returning again,» he: found it other-
wife; for theSea-men, though commanded to ftay in the Boat, which, layin
the middle of the River, went afhore, where they were fo fiercely fet uponby,
thirty of the Natives, he three of a were kill’d, and another. wounded
in the Leg. Thefe People’ are very ftrong and Salvage, with painted: Faces and
g Hair; but after this Encounter, they faw no more of them. |
. But van Noord having {pent fourteen Months iin fearch, and loft a prams
Men, fet fail again with three Ships, for one of them, being the Unity, he
burnt at the Ifland (Jara, where he Winter’d, becaufe A a great Leak which
could not be ftopp’d. _Here they brought fivethoufand Fowls shox whieh
much increafed their Stock of Provifions,
From hence paffing the Wide Ocean, into the Sraliabes ofMagellan, foie times
the Fleet attempted to go into the Sowth-Sea, and was as often driven back by
crofs Weather into the Straights, but the alps prov'd more fuccefsful
for having got through, and lef the, Straights a handlom way aftern, they
O 3 ) Seer d
 114. | AMERICA. Chap. IIT.
difcover’d two Iflands, from one of which the Sea-men going aland, brought
four Boys and two Girls; who afterward inftruéted in their Tongue, in-
_ form’d them concerning the {cituation of the Countreys thereabout. |
Plitip-seads foraken After that, the Fleet Sail’d into Hungers Haven, where they found the ruines
aes of the deferred Philip-Stadt , which Captain Thomas Candifh had {een fourteen
years before, fortifi'd with four Bulwarks; but now onely fome Houfes, a
Church, and a Gibbet were ftanding: Four hundred Spaniards built that City,
asa Key to the Straights of Magellan. But all their Provifions being {pent in
three yeats time, and no relief coming from Spain, and what they Sow’d ex-
pecting the hopes of a Hatveft, the Salvages coming down by night de-
ftroy’d; which caus‘d fo great a Famine to rage amongft them, that many
dy’d; not fo much as putting off their Clothes , who lying in the Houfes un-
bury’d, occafion’d fich a'ftench in the City, that the remainder fled into the
Field » where they liv’d a whole year by the Fruits of the Trees, Herbs, and
Roots: ‘Ar laft, three and twentyofthem, amongft which were two Women
remaining yet alive; refolv’d to travel to the River La Plata, and accordingly
fet forward, but ‘what became of them could never yet be heard, only one
Ferdinando that was "of that company, accidentally wandring from the reff,
happend co light upon Candifh’s Fléet. oa
Here Van Noord fet on Shore the Vice-Admiral Jacob Claefxoon Ipendam, fot
~ fome'crimes which he had committed ; and leaving him behind, Sail’d from
Mocha; what kind of thence thorow the South-Sea along the Coaft of Chiliand Mocha; which Ifland,
ini of a confiderable bignefs, rifes in the middle with a forked Mountain , from
“ f
: which a convenient River comes flowing down into theCountrey. _
The Inhabitants conducted the Hollanders to their Village, confifting of
; :
at
: 7?
t

about fifty Houfés built of Straw, but were forbid to go.into their Huts: Ups
Tt lit
: 1,
: bi.
erie
’

on the Mens call the Women appear’d, which being divided into three par-
“ yy] 7
|
i; fi
a1 a
19

ties, humbly kneel’d down before them; and foon after an old Woman
tee ©.8 |
| oF
] r4
: 7

:
:
Vib
rue
‘
'
1
Cieayaftrange Driok, broughtan Earthen Can full of Cica, a Liquor made of Mays , whofe extra.
éted Juyce, boyl’d and put into Tubs, ferments like our Beeror Ale, with a
-
1 |
© a
1 ay

cap of Barm, with which they treated the HloManders, who drinking moderate-
¥. '™
“ '
i i P
if -
: 5
val \«

a
Mt ;

ly, were well refrefh’d ; but the Natives will ply this Liquor, till thgy make
.
; |
:

:
\
uf
:
:
; themfelves Diftracted, and are mad Drunk.
van Meerd takes aspe2 ~~ From hence Van Noord fteer’d his courfe to Sané&ta Maria, where in his way
ed -
ela
) iaze
' a :

he took’ a Spanifh Ship, call’d Buon Jews, that is, Good Fe/ws, and receiv’d intellis
’ : 4
mye

|
, 4
oN et
sit
WP
ip
gence from the Prifoners, that the Admiral Simon de Cordes, with twenty three
pene i
:
.
(wae
: A

Meh’ was kill’d by the Americans on the Promontory Lavapia, being the head
'
:
a ,
a) y
7 ’

Land or Point oppofire to St. Maries ;that a year fince, tydings were brought to
; ; 2
iy
d

Lima of his Fleet ; fo that they had made all things ready to withftand him.
v : =
;
:
ia
| :

; ‘
:

“I
4

- But Van Noord hinder’d by ftrong contrary Winds, not able to reach Sanéta Ma-
a
4
4
:rt |
Ar

ae
<r
—

ria, ftood direétly for St. Jago, in whofe Haven lay a great Spanifh Ship full of
ha ballhiae
ee Indians, and two other going in, which two he fet on Fire , and the third he
:
‘aig
iL
:
’‘
iF
5
+5}
Tow’d towards his Fleet; repenting extremely that he had given liberty, and
"hi4
!
iivg ’
| fet Francifco de Ivarvo Commander of the Buon fefus afhore ; becaufe he after-
———
wards underftood from the Spanifh Pilot , that Ivarra threw ten thoufand two
ma
=-
hundred pound weight of Gold, pack’d in fifty two Cafes, over-board, when
*
-
mes
he obférv’d that he was like to loofe his Ship. Ye |
The Fleet Sailing forward came to an Anchor before the Thieves-I/land, whofe
Inhabitants are very light Finger’d, go ftark naked, and are of great ftrength ,
they found the Women much Disfigur’d, their Nofes, Lips, and Cheek-bones
-~~
¥— — ewe
——--
~~~~ —
_—_
wee
— --
——
ain
o
~—<
2=—-
~=
4 —==
—
—————
= =———
==<
.
eaten by the French Pox. | To.
Chap. lll. $= AMERICA, 115

==
== eé

In the Bay La Baya, the Dutch Admiral, with a Spanifh Flag on his top-Maft, Perforis greatthings,
fent one of his Seaemen in a Fryers garb afhore, if pofflible under that difguife,
to get Provifions ; which falling out according to their Defign, they were‘fup-
ply’d with all manner of Viétuals: After that, the, Hollanders burnt five Vil:
lages on the Ifland Capull; took a (hine/y Veffel,one Spanish Barque, and a Carvel
Laden with Brandy from Cocos; and after a great and bloody Fight funk the
Admiral of the Manilla’s, and fo at laft with various fortunes arriv’d at Rotter-
dam, having in three years encompaf{s'd the World.

S ECT. X Vv I.

The Expellition of George Van Spilbergén.

AN 1614. the eighth of Augu/f, the Eaft-India Company of the United Nether
lands {et out feven Ships itnder the Command of Georse Spilbergen, who
coming to Cape St. Vincent; and éngaging with the Portuguefe, took one of their
Ships, and fo proceeded 6n his Voyage to the Straights of Magellan, but by a
huge Storm, the Fleet ‘was feparated. Amongft thofe that were fcatter’d was
the good Ship call’d Meraw , in which fonie of the crew had'confpir’d to have
kill'd the Mafter, and {eiz’d the Veffel; but he having fome inkling thereof,
fet fo ftoutly upoti two of the chief Contrivers with his drawn Hanger, that he
forc’d them to leap over-board, and as ftoutly ordering the reft, fer all to
rights. | | |
_. But Spilbergen Landing on one of the Penguyn Iflands, found two Dead Bo- Strange Corps.

dies juft cover'd with Earth, about their Necks was a Chain of gliftering Snail
Shells neatly ftrung , the Grave ftuck full of Bowes and Arrows, was pleafant
to look upon, between feveral high Mountains, whofe tops lay bury’d in Snow:
The Fleet came out of the Straights of Magellan, but not without great danget,
for the South-Sea much difturb’d by tempeftuou's Weather, (eem’d to raife its
3 | Waves
 .

AMERICA Chap:
IIE.
Waves up to the Sky, fo that they had enough to do, from being ingag’d
among the Rocks: But at laft with great difhculty , wonderfully ‘efcaping all
danger, they Anchor’d before La Mocha, an Ifland which on the North fide lies
low, and on the South defended by Rocks. | ey
Spilbergen feeing abundance of Men ftanding on the Shore, Row’d thither to ">
Spilbergen in great dan-
B er.
Strange fhe. Barter for Merchandize, amongft them was a Sheep with a long Neck, bunch-
Back’d like a Camel, a little Mouth, and long Legs ; which Beaft fervesthem
in ftead of Horfes, to carry their burthens, and perform their Tillage. The
Americans breed up thefe Sheep ¢very where, by reafon of the extraordinary bes
nefit they receive from them, fome of them keeping no lefs than eighteen hun-
dred. Their Shepherds ride upon a Beaft almoft like an Ox, and carry in their
hands Copper-Plates, hung round about with Bells, which they fhake, ma-
king a different noife when their Sheep fhall go in or out; and on their Heads ©
wear Feathers like Coronets, ftanding upright.
St. Maries burnt, From thence, Spilbergeon departing, Landed at laft on the Ifland of St. Mary,
AndalfoValPan(. where he burnt all the Spanish Villages ; as he did alfo in Val Pary/a.
After going afhore, in the Haven Quintero, he faw abundance of Wild Horfes
drinking out of aRivulet, fupply’d with frefh Water from an adjoyning' fteep
Mountain; fo foon as they efpy’d Men, they inftancly running away, were
{een no more. |
Having left Quintero, and {pent a Moneth in Sailing farther, they dif-
cry’d eight great Ships; whereupon the Prifoners inform’d them, that it was
the Spanish Fleet, of which Roderigo de Mendoza was Admiral, fitted out on pute;
pofeto fight Spilbergen , whofe coming (as we faid) was known a year before.
Pe werraLparuaroner ae SpiT night Mendoxa Boarded Spilbergen , but was fo roughly receiv’d, that he
Bigs was fore’d to Retreat with the lofs of the Ship St. Francifco. At Day+break, the
Holland Admiral fir’d at Mendoza, who anfwering withegual courage, occas
fion’dia fart Engagement, wherein the Spaniards were fo hard. befer , that
they put forth a White Flag, but it was immediately taken in again by the
Commanders aboard, choofing rather to die, than furrender, becaufe they
had mock’d at Mendoza, when he hinted the difficulty of the Enterprize inthe
Grand Peruvian Councel, faying, They went out, onely to take a few difabled Hol-
landers, and tying them hand and feet, carry them to Execution. Yet their high and
proud Stomachs prov'd very fatal to them, for afterwards totally routed and
put to flight; moft of them funk by the way. | 7. |
ealyow de Lima: Thisdone, the Hollanders vitorioufly Sail’d to Calyow de Lima, haying a cone
venient. Haven: The City adorn’d with curious Houfes and Temples cis
ftrengthen’d by a Platform, Planted, with great Guns towards the Sea, andthe
Shore was guarded by eight Troops of Horfe, and four thoufand Foot; where-
upon, Spilbérgen , ~who was yet to go fo greata Voyage, judg’d it no way con-
venient to adventure the lofs of all on the good oribad event of a Battel, efpe-
cially being fo much over-power’d by the number of the, Enemy : Wherefore
{eeing no hopes of Vidtory, fecting forward to Guarma, he got fome frefh Pro-
Vifions. i ae |
Peta Darn: Againft the City Peyta,he play’d his Cannon with fuch fury that the Towns- »
men deferted the place, which he obferving, fer it on fire, and Sail’d to Aqnapul-
que, where from the Fort at firft the Spaniards fired fome Guns at them; but
foon after changing humor, they came roan Accommodation, furnifhing the
Hollanders with convenient Provifions. Paffing on, and coming to Selaques, both
Natives and Spaniards having fuffer’d fome of the Hollanders to Land , after
{er
 Crem? MER TC 7

fet upon them treacheroufly in a Thicket, but to their little advantage, for
they made fo good a Defence, that the Affailants not able to bear the brunt,
fled with great lofs. | , . |
< Spilbergen Sailing from hence tothe Manilla’s, waited there for the Spanifh Ad-
miral Juan de Silva, who had made (as was reported) great preparations for him
long fince ; but fecing it was in vain, at-laft he return’d to Zealand , where he
came to an Anchor, loaden with Riches , in-the middle of Summer, Anio
i617.

Ser: XVIIi
The Expedition ofWilliam Cornelifzon Schouten, and Jacob Le Maire.

Ome Merchants that were call’d the Auffrian Company, fitted out one
Ship wich fixty five, and a Ketch with two and twenty Sea-men , giving
the Command thereof to the Captaiiis Schouten and Le Maire: Anno 1615 they
Weigh’d’ Anchor from the Texel; the firft took a view of one of the three
Iflands, call’d Mabrabomma, lying before Cape Sierra Leona, This Ifland appear- Mabrabomma,what mane
ner of Ifle,
ing a great height out of the Sea, was not inhabited, they feeing onely three
Wild Bufles, many Wild Cats, Birds which bark’d like Dogs, Wild Palm-
Trees, Lemon-Trees, Turtles, Crocodiles, Partridges, and Storks: From.
hence, paffing by the dangerous Shelf Abrolbos, they ran into Porto Defire, where
on the Rocks they found abundance of Eggs,and Spierings,or Smelts,and Spire-
orafs fixten Inches long, wherefore they call'd that Inlet Spierings-Bay. “Their
Sloop alfo brought two Sea-Lions , and one hundred and fifty Penguins from
the Penguin Ifles, having Sail’d two Leagues up the River ; inthe interim, the
ground being meer Stone, and their Anchors coming home, the great Ship Schouteningreat danger)

drove againft a Rock , and at Ebbing Water, broke off the ourermoft Planks
and Iron-Work , and the Ketch alfo ftriking on a high Shelf , was at low Ebb
two Fathom with her Keel above the Water, and had without peradventure
been overfet, and bilg’d, but a frefh North-Weft Wind kept her upright, yet
at laft,the Weather growing calm,fhe lean’d,but the Tide coming in very faft,
fet her afloat, fo that fhe was miraculoufly fav'd ; then fetting Sail again to
King’seIfland, they found fo many Eggs of black Mews, that one without ftir- Incredible many Eggs, ~

ing from his place, might reach above fifty Nefts, and in ‘each of them at leaft
three Eggs, which they carty’d aboard by thoufands. Their Boat Rowing
Southerly down the River, found fome Oftriches, and Beafts not unlike Stags,
but with exceeding long Necks. On the Hills lay Stones heap’d one upon ano-
ther, which removing, they found Dead Bodies of eleven Foot long; here Great Corps,

they fpent their time in cleanfing their Ships, and new Sheathing the Ketch,
but as they were Tallowing, the Flame accidentally got between the Creviffes Ketch burnt,

which immediately taking Fire, in a fhort time confum’d it to Afhes: The

gteat Ship had gotten a Horn in her Bow, feven Foot under Water ; this Horn Strange Horfi;

being firm without any hollownefs, and not unlike a great Elephants Tooth,
ftruck thorow two Afhen and one Oaken Plank, fticking in a Rib of the like
“Wood, and yet above half a Foot remain’d out to be feen. |
At length Schouten Weighing Anchor from Porto Defire, and Sailing to four
Great Mews,

and fifty Degrees Southern Latitude, met whole Shoals of Whales, infomuch,
that he was fain to Tacque to and again to {hun them. Sea-Pies, bigger than
Swans, came flying in great numbers aboard , fuffering themfelves to be ee
. wit
 7

8 AMERICA. Chap, Hk
with the hand. On the North-fide they {py’d a high and feraggy Coaft {pread-
ing it felf tothe Eaft South-Eaft, which they-call’d,. ‘The States County fy, that
which lay tothe Weftward of it, Maurice of Naffan, the lands in faty Jéven
Degrees Barnevield’s Ifles, and the fharp Point in whichlay the Snowy Moun-
fe:
tains , Southwatd of the Magellan Straights end, the Cape of Hoorn.
Schouten had now gotten the height of fifty nine Degrees, when he enter’d
the South-Sea, through the new paflage between Mauritius ahd the States»Coun-
Straights Le Maire: trey, Which was call’d from his Partner, The Straights of Le Maire.. :
Tilesin the South-Sea. Near the two Ifles Juan Fernando, they found great ftore of Fifh, after that
they view’d thefe Mlands, that lay featter'd up-and down the South-Sea, each
of them they nam’d according to their feveral occafions, calling the firft, The
Ifle of Dogs , becaufe'they have ho Dogs there that could not bark :
Another, The Bottomle/s I/land , becaufe the Sea was fodeep about it, that they
could not come to an Anchor. The Inhabitants who go.naked, with their
Skins pounced full of ftrange fhapes, of blue Snakes, Dragons, and fach like
Creatures, Salli’d out of the Woods upon the Hllanders with great Clubs, to
ifh., and alfo with
which was faften’d the: Sword, or. Snout of a Sword-F
Slings. : ay He, . ore By vo Bree
Sciieutiin further they came to Water*Land , and Flyes-Ifland , the firk fo
nam’d, becaufe the Shore round about was planted with Trees, but in the
middle all lay cover’d with Salt-Water ; the other from the Flyes, which with
incredible numbers troubled the Sea-men four days together.
gotranse entertainment at Moreover, the Reception or Entertainment which Schouten was welcom’d
| withal, atthe HoorneIflands, being very remarkable, we willin brief relate:
Anchoring in nine Fathom Water, Shelly ground, before a frefh Rivulet;
three Hollanders fent to the King were by him courteoufly entertain’d, who
with ftrange humility, not bow’d, but kiffing their Feet fell fat on the ground,
and put the Hollanders Feet upon his Neck; and after this manner of Salutati-
on, waited upon them aboard : Yet although this King fawn’d fo much, and
{eem’d fo humble, yet he was very fevere over his Subjects, for finding one
that had filch’d a Sword, he not onely brought and reftor'd it, but immediate.
ly Executed the Thief before their Faces. :
Le Maire and Arias Clae{zxoon were much honor’d here, for the old and young
King put their Crowns on their Heads, curioufly Wrought of fine White Fea-
—_ thers, and the end adorn’d with {mall Red and Green Feathers ; they gave alfo
to each of them a Pigeon, White to their Wings, the hinder part Black, and
a ee
SR
a a under their Bellies Red. Prag Fa
In the interim, the King of Water-I/land vifited the other, by whom Le Maire
was treated : When they met, they made ftrange fhews of Honor to each other,
but at laft fhew’d their Salvagenefs by eating raw Fifh, and rudely Dancing
before the Hollanders. Le Maire going into the Countrey, and climbing up a
high Mountain, faw nothing but Morafs Wilds, and. Vallies, lying under
Water: The King and his Retinue here kept him company, during his ftay
there, when weary with walking, they fate down together under Coco-Nut-
‘Trees ; the young King tying a String about his Leg, climb’d with exceeding -
dexterity up a high Tree, bringing feveral Coco-Nuts down with him, which
hé open’d very expeditioufly. 1 ae,
Arias Claefzoon, Rowing afhore one night, found the King ficcing under a
Roof, refting on four Pillars , where feveral Naked Women Dane‘d before
him according to their Mufick, which was Taboring upon a hollow Piece of
‘Wood,
‘Chap: MI. AMERICA.
oo PK rene A it > ion et Gt Le SPE, Mey ew

a ek OS ee ere a / ee #

Wood, which yielded a murmuring found without any difting& Tune. |

But the two Kings meeting again, the next day Complemented one ano-
ther with more antick and ridiculous Poftures, fitting fide by fide under the
Roof, imploring their God, with their Hands folded, and their Heads bow’d
tothe ground: At this interview, four Holland Trumpeters and Drummers
ftood playing before the King, to the great admiration and amazement of the
Iflanders, which were.near ten thouland gatherd.together upon the News of
the ftrangers to attend. the two Kings. Scon after a great company of Rufticks
came running thither, which had a green Herb call’d Cava, ty'd about their sa ftrange L'quor.
middle, on a fudden they began all to chaw this Cava, throwing that which
they had.chaw’d into a large Woodden Trough, then putting Water to it, they
Kneaded it together; which done, brought the Liquor on their Heads to the.
two Kings, before-whom they kneel’d when they gave them any: Yet not-
withftanding they receiv’d fuch honor from their Subjects, they fhew’d fervile
ref{pects to the Hollanders, for every King prefented them with aPig, which
they firft laid on their Heads, then kneeling, put it down at Le Maires Feet,
and. bowing their Heads to the ground, rofe again. They wear their Hair
long, which Brayded, hung onthe left fide of theit Heads down to their Hips,
ty'd-at the end with two.Knots; but the Nobility had two fuch Locks: All
of them went naked, their Privities onely cover’d. Thefmalleft of the Men
exceeded the biggelt of the Hollanders in tallnefs. The Women had long Breafts —tmpudent Women;
hanging like Satchels down to their Bellies,and fo unfhamefac’d,that they pro-
ftituted themfelves to any, in fight of all Men; and ftill.at low Water, their
bufinefs was to catch Fifh, which they greedily eat raw. :
After all this Entertainment, Weighing from hence, Schouten Sail’d along ©scangenidmerg,
the Coaft of New-Guiny, where three Boats full of Negro’s came Rowing to-
wards them, Slinging very fiercely. Stones at them, and hovering about,
attended their motion all ‘night. Next morning, feven Boats more coming to ae
their afiftance,. they fet upon the Hollanders , but foon'fled from their Bullets; . e
. ; yee
 AMERICA. Chap: HL.
yet two of the Negro’s were taken, that in each Noftril wore a Ring. Sailing
further, feveral Boats came aboard of them, whereof thofe that Row’d, break.
ing their Affagays or Launces over their ends, enterd the Ship:; the Hair of'
Defornrd people. their Heads and Beards bedawb’d with Lime, flew about, whilft they Danc’d
on the Decks, after they had eaten a good Meal: But fhicy endeavor'’d to rez
ward this their kind Entertainment with Treachery , for going afhore, they
foon after retutn’d in greater numbers, and fat upon the Anchors which lay
over the Bows of the Ship, and there being a great calm, endeavor'd to Towe
the Ship towards the Shore; whilft others threw Stones and Arrows. But fo
foon as the Hollanders firing their Guns ‘Wounded feyeral of them, they -all
fled ,except fome which they took Prifoners, whereof one whom they afters
wards call’d Mo/es, did them gteat fervice,
But Le Maire was amaz’d at nothing mote, than when on the next Coatt he
faw feveral little Houfes built about nine Foot high, out of which many Peos
ple Iffu’d, which were all deform’d, either having Wry Nofes, Bow Legs,
Squint Byes, or crooked Backs, and all in
j one part or another mif--fhapen.
At laft, Anchoring befote Siitiva, the Ship was ftopt there by order of the
Eajt-India Company ; and the Men divided and put aboard thofe Ships that
Sail’d from Indiato Holland,and arriv’d in fafety at Flufhing, after they had Sail’d
about the World, in two years and eighteen days.

SECT. XVIII.

Voyage of the Naflavian Fleet, under the Command ofJaques L’ Heremite,

and Gees Huigo Schapenham.

Remarkable Exploits of
L’ Hermite.
He United Netherlands, to abate the Spanifh Greatnels, fet out a confidera
ble Fleet, which they fent to try their fortune, in making Prize of what
ever they could light upon in any of their Havens wafh’d by the South-
Sea.
Jaques L’ Hermite had ten Ships under his Command, Mann’d with fixteen
hundred thirty feven Men, and two hundred ninety four Brafs and Iron Guns,
7 _—
-~-
with which he fet Sail fot Goree, Anno 1623. and coming before Cape Vincent,
; - T ‘— _-
—— he difcover’d eleven Turkifh Pirates, whom fighting, he beat, and re-took the
Holland Ships they had made'Prize of.
_ At Roxents Head, L’ Hermite gave chafe to fifteen Spanifh Ships, and coming
up with them, funk eleven, and took four laden with Sugar. Afterwards Ans
choring at Safia, he fent che Ship Over-yffel, and a Frigat call’d the Gray-Hound,
to Convoy home the Prizes; afterward being inform’d, that thirty Spanifh
Ships were making to them, Sailing :into the Haven St. Viviane the Spring Wa-
=
eS
——
=

ter that he fupply’ d his empty Cask: with being brakkifh, caus’d an excoriation
of the Guts, which brought the Bloody-Flux, whereby he loft many of his
ae
—
==
Sea-men; béidg well entertain’d by the Safvages of Antonio, they went on to
Sierra Leena’ a Mountainous Point full of Lime-Trees, here they found the
Names of Sr. Francis Drake, and other Englifh cut in a Rock.
After that he put in at the fruitful [land Anndbon, where he caus’d hisChi-
rurgeon to be Beheaded.
_ Vegar a wicked man, This wicked Man being froagh to the Torture, would confefs nothing ©
concerning the Crimes objeéted againft him, but Reine ftrip’d for Execution,
they found:a fmall Bag hanging on his Breaft, in ‘which lay a Serpents Skin
and
 Chap. Il. . ef MERICA.
and Tongue, with which he had Poyfon’d feveral Men, but he confefs’d no-
thing.
The firft of February, the Fleet came to Cape de Pemias , which they know ata
great diftance, by its high Mountains cover’d with Snow.
In fhort time after, Sailing by the Mouth of the Straights of La Maire, they
met with very tempeftuous Weather, and feventeen of their Men going afhore,
were devour'd by the Cannibals of Terra del Fuogo. Thefe People being all Whites,
and of a large Stature, Paint themfelves Red, and go ftark naked, except fome
of higheft quality who tie a Deer Skin about their Necks; and the Women co-
ver their Nakednefs with a piece of Leather : They live in Bowers made of
the Brariches of Trees, Stak’d three Foor deep, in a round at bottom, and above
like our Tents, Canopy’dthe , top of which open, to carry out the Smoke like
a Chimney ; and have no other Houfhold-ftuff than fome Baskets, in which
they lay their few Fifhing Implements. They go continuallyArm’d with Clubs,
Arrows, Slings, and Stone-Knives: Their Boats being only the Trunk of a
Tree made hollow, rife ip before and behind like a Halfs-Moon, and are four-
teen, and fome fixteen Foot long, and two broad, and Row {wifter thana
Pinnace with many Oars. Laftly, they are fo Salvage, that they feem rather
to be Beafts than Men, knowing no Religion, ill Natur’d, cruel and Trea-
cherous, ~ : |
- From hence, pafling on, L’ Hermite refrefh’d at the defolate Ifle Fernando, and
fo Steer’d his Courfe to Calla de Lima, on whofe Coaft, taking a Spanifh V effel,
the Prifoners told him , that their Plate-Fleet had Weigh’d Anchor, and were
gone to Panama; only the Admiral which carry’d forty Brafs Guns, with fifty
Merchant-Men, lay clofe under the Shore, Guarded by three Stone Bulwarks,
Fortifi’d with fifty Guns. -
L’ Flermite having a defign upon thefe, took three Spanijh Veffels that were
going thither, and at midnight, fent Captain Adrian Tol, Peter Slobbe, and. Mein-
dert Egbert(xon, with twelve well Mann’d Boats, furnifh’d with Brafs Drakes,
and Hand-Granado’s, to Attaque the Spanifh Fleet that lay hard by ; and whilft |
fome gave a falfe Alarm on the North of Callao, the Boats Rowing from Ship
to Ship, in fhort time fir'd forty of them; although the Spaniards. from the
Shore endeavor’d by their Shot to drive back the Enemy , neither the Fort or
Admiral {paring Powder nor Ball. |
In this valiant Exploit the Hollanders had onely feven Men kill’d, and fifteen
Wounded: About break of day, {even of the Spanifh Ships floated, burning to-
wards the Dutch Fleet, which were as terrible as now Fire-fhips, which fore’d
them to Weigh Anchor to fhun them.
After that, L’ Hermite took two Ships laden with Wine, a third full of Wood,
and a fourth with Wheat: One of thefe Prizes he fitted and prepar'd fora
Fire-fhip, and fending her to Board the Spanifh Admiral, it ran aground with-
in fhot of him ; whereupon being batter’d by the Admirals Guns, and thofe
from the Bulwarks, and at laft taking Fire gave but a {mall blow, becaufe
moft part of the Powder had taken Wet. |
In this interim, while thus their defign went profperoufly on, their Admiral
L’ Eheremite dy’d, whom they Bury’d on the Ifland Lima, and Schapenbam, in de-
fiance of the Vice-Roy in Callao, caus’d.one and twenty Spaniards.to be hang’d
atthe Yard-Arm, becau(e he had fent him a fcornful Anfwer on the Propofals
concerning the delivery of the Prifoners. | on
_ Ornelius Facobfzoon Sailing to Pi/co with four Sail from the Fleet, could do
AT aed P no
 ; _*

AMERICA. Chap. HI. |

no good there, for he not onely found the City to be furrounded with a Wall
offifteen Foot high, but having alfo many Earthen-Redoubts, behind which
lay above two thoufand arm’d Men, wherefore he deferted the fame after fome
Verfhoor's Expl. it, Rancounters : But the RearsAdmital, John Williamfxoon Verfhoor, who was fent
to Gainguil, had much better luck , for he not onely took that Metropolis, but
alfo burnt a new Royal Gallion, and two lefler Vellels; carry’d a conquer’d
Veffel to Lima; flew above a hundred Spaniards, and threw feventeen over-
— ——
-~
—

<=
ce

board, becaufe they had fhot Poyfon’d Bullets againft the Law of Arms; of
—
==

which Conqueft Captain Engelbert Shutte had the greateft honor: But the Seas
aab
*,
aS=~ -
=
—
TPS
Ss
ei

men grew weaker and weaker by the Scurvy, and all of them would have pe-
ie==
1

Hgi] rifh’d, had they not found a foveraign Herb on the higheft Mountains of Lima.
AL Schapenhane sremarkable Schapenham being chofe Admiral in L’ Heremites place, Weigh’d Anchor from Cal-
lao, and ran into the Inlet Pifcadores,where on the fhore he rais'd a Sconce; yet
Exploits,

not long after departed from thence without any effeé&t , but loft twenty eight
Men, through the bad Condué of theit Commanders, the like number he
loft alfo at Aqnapulque, on the fide of which City ftands a Caftle with four
ftrong Bulwarks; the Holland Fire-fhip lay juft without the reach of the fhot,
lay along the fhore in a row, there to feize upon the Veflels expected
the reft
n,
thither from the Manillaes : But becaufe the Scurvy raged amongft the Sea-me
~ and difabled them, they waited in vain, Schapenham Sail’d through the South-
Sea to the Ladrones, where he found ftore of Provifions. Anno 1625. in March,
he drop’d Anchor before Maleye, and from thence went with Herman Spiult, the
Cone
Governor for the Baft-India Company in Amboina, to (cram, where they
quer’d the Fort Lochoe, and foon after (ambella, then the Fleet being divided,
Schapenbam carry’d home two Ships from Batavia, and the remainder return’d
at feveral times, they being hir’d to ferve the Ea/t-India Company to Surratta,
,
Schapewhans dics. Malacca, Coromandel, and the Molucco Iles ° Schapenbam Deceafing neat Bantum
and being Bury’d on Pulo Boftok, the Ships arriv’d at the Texel in July, Anno
1626, | . 2 |
| Henry Brewer bis Voyage.

AX 1643. Brewer fer Sail with four Ships from Reciffo, and ran clofe along
the States-I/le, fo dangerous and Rocky, that he durft not put in to the
fharp
Land, from which flew great abundance of Party-colour’d Ducks, with
Bills, about the Ships, and under the Keels {wam alfo Whales.
On the Weft fide of the Straights Le Maire, Brown ran into Valentine’s Inlet,
the
where he was much troubled by the Winds which came whiftling through
hollow Mountains with great and fudden gufts: The fhore afforded red and
black Strawberries, Carville and Mufcles, ro the creat. refrefhment of the Sea-
Sea Lions. men, who daily faw Sea-Lions, but could not come to fhoot one of them, for
no foonér they perceiv’d any body, but they Diving under Water, fwam away;
and though they faw Mens Foot-fteps of eighteen Inches long, yet they never
of Chili,
found any Men. Thence Sailing into the South-Sea, along the Coaft
Brewer's Haven. they enter’d a Bay which they nam’d Brewer’s-Haven, where Landing, they
Remarkable Exploits. walk’d towards a great Smoke which they faw afar off, but coming near it,
-found only two Howfes within a large Plain, full of Sheep, Oxen, and Hor-
fes; ‘before the Houfes ftood Woodden Crofles. | Pee
The’ Dolphin Pink and a great Boat being fentto the Inlet, lay the fotlowing
Night at an Anchor near a high Mountain; from whence, in the Night, two
great Guns were fird, whereupon, Lieutenant Wiliam Ter Bergen Landed with
| fixteen
 Chap! III. AMER
IC A
fixteen Mufqueteers , and climbing up the Moun 123
tain, found a Village behind
the fante, where all things were in Alarm, Drums
beating, Trumpets found- Tér Bergen’s Exploit. |
ing, Bellsringing; the Villagers fuddenly firin
g their Guns on Ter Bergen, who
being fupply’d with thirty four Men, Encounter’d
the Enemy fo Valiantly,
that he fled into the Woods, not without
the lofs of Men and Horfés: The
Guns with which they had fhot in the Nigh
t lay onely ona Redoubt: Ter Ber-
gen perfuing this Vitory, March’d into the Woods, and fhot
mander Andreas Munes Iferrera from his Horfe, the Spanifh Come
got great ftore of Treafure which
lay hid under the Tree, being brought out
of Carelmappa, which Village he fet
afire, and kill’d all the Horfes » and Weigh’d
Anchor with the Admiral Brewer
to Michael deCabuco, where not being able to Land,
becau fe of the many ob-
{cure Rocks and Shoals, they fet Sail to Cu/tro,
which they conguer’dand burnt
without the leaft refiftance: This City fitua Caffroa City,
te on a Mountain is ftately built
among Flowry Meadows, delightful Orchards
, and brave Fountains ; the Sea
befo reit flows daily fourteen Foot. Brewer alfo Stream Chili,
burnt a Spanifh Ship, and fet
fome Houfes afire, took three Spaniards Prifoners
on Las Bahias, who inform’d
him, that the Winter Seafon was almoft
over, but that it was never known
by any to pafs over fo mildly,
ill Weather generally ufing to blow down
Houfes, Trees, and rend Rocks afunder
; that there was much Gold in Oforno
and Baldivia,; which laft they had fome years fince deferted for
was fince Garrifon’d by three hundred Caftilians,
hunger, but ie
that none could get at the Fort
Conception (which lay a League Wefterly from then
ce) but in a {mall Boat, that
there were on thé place near two thouland Inhabitant
s.. Moreover, an ancient
Matron call’d Lovy/a Pizarra, from Quintian, one
of the Ifles in the Chilean Ine
Land-Sea, bein g fetch’d from thence, gave information,
that forty years fince,
before the Indians took u p Arms, the Spaniards
were quietly fetled in Oforno, and
in fo good a condition, that an ordinary Plant
er. had at leaft three hundred
Slave s, of which, every one was to procure a certain quan
tity of Gold, thatthe
Ifles (hiloves were divided into above a hundred Colo
nies or Plantations, the
Chilefes ferving the Caftiliansas their true Governors
; thofethat do good Service,
the King of the Colony makes them Commandets;
and that the Chinefes had
Rebell’d in feveral places. Brewer on the Chilefes
requeft took fome of them,
with their Wives and Children into his Ship,
furnifh’d with Arms, he diggo’d
a Chef t of Silver and a Brafs Gun out of the Earth ,
and foon after being fick,
dy’d. His Succeffor Elias Herkmans- profecuting thofe Brewer dics
Publick Affairs, fent
the Pilot of the Unity out of Brewer's Haven, and fome
Sea-men » with two Chi-
lean Cafiques with a Boat to Carelmappa ;but being furpr
iz’d by a violent Storm, Strange accident,
ftood in for Florfe«Ifland, where he and the Cafiques Land
ing, he ordet’d feven
Sea-men to carry the Boat toa (afer Harbor ; but being drive
n from the fhore
by ftrong Winds, it took in fo much Water as fill’d
and funk it, fo that all of
them were drown’d. Fhorfe- Ifland being deftitute
of Provifions and Lodgings,
thofethat were Landed expected nothing but Death, till they
found outa fmall
Hut, and in the fame fix brave Sheep, and a good
quantity of Potatoe Roots,
which fery’d for Bread : But when this their new-foun
d Store was almoft {pent,
they happily were fetch’d off by the Boat belo
nging to the Ship Amfterdam, and
with the whole Fleet came to an Anchor before Baldi
via, This City built by
the Caftilians, confifted formerly of five hundred and fifty Baldivia,a brave City.
fair Houfes, and was
divided into Streets and crof Ways, with two large Mark
ets, and as many
coftly Churches.
| |
The Chile/es unfufferably opprefs'd, flew all the Spani
fh Garrifon, and pi
P 2 ‘ | the
 eos area eae '
es | a A ME RE Ce. © Chap. Ii].
+ the Governor’s Mouth and Ears pour'd meled Gold; of his Skull they Bush
5 atter chs “4di oe i
Drinking-cup , and of his Shin-bones, “Trumpets e Be
yer'ftanding :
moft to decay, onelya great part of the Wall remain’d
es, others on Foot, a
leans hereupon flock’d hither by thoufands, fome on Horl
informing them by an
Arm’d with Lances of a Foot long: Herkman hereupon
the Spaniards, seni joye with
Interpreter, that they being mortal Enemies of
that they might build a Fort
the Chileans againft that common Foe ; and defir’d,
ce againft all Invafions, and that
on the Marketeplace in Baldivia, for a defen which the
wanted ; all
they might be fupply’d with Provifions which the Fleet
of Sheep, Hogs, and Cattel: |
Chileans granted, and accordingly brought in ftore
were
But fo foon as Berkman began to make the leaft mention of Gold, they
nay; their Hair ftood
allabafh’d, and faid, that they knew of no Gold Mines,
Spaniards had dealt
an end, when they heard the name of Gold; fo horribly the
iy the,childs erew with their Parents + After this, the Chileans crowing more and more ftrange,
range tothe Mollanders, did not in the leaft countenance the building of the Fort, and the longer the
, the Ships
Fleet ftaid, the lefs Provifions they brought aboard ; upon which return to
to fet Sail and
ibe%?
— were necesitated, without any rémarkable Exploits,
is Reciffo. |
il

—
 ‘The Second Book,
) - CONTAINING a
hl
;
:

A DESCRIPTION
hh

Ali

L | Pp }
y.%

- O F | ;

CH ALPS ok

Of the Bounds of America, and of the Divifion of the Mexican

or Northern part thereof,

EAving in : the firft part of this Volume difcours’d at large Th Bounds

P a's f d Divifion
an
concerning the original of the Americans, and whether that ofKesher
meric.
== e partof the World call’d India Occidentalis, or America, were
@, known to the Ancients, or own its Difcovery wholly to
the Moderns, as alfo of all the Difcoveries that have been

*,.." 7

it: Nor can this fuppofition be thought vain, if, as many think, it be inviron’d
on the North-fide, as toward the Eaft, South, and Weft it is known to be ; Eaft
and South, by the Atlantick Ocean, and Weft, by Mar del Zur: But becaufe the
North-Weft Paffave, though attempted by many, as Nelfon, Davis, Forbifher, Button,
Smith, Hudfon, and others, hath not yet by any been fully difcover’d , fo that it is
Not certainlysknown whether America be joyn’d to Greenland, and the Arétick Region,
Bya continu’d Traé& of Land, or fever’d by the Ocean: We fhall follow the me-
thod of thofe Geographers, who, reputed fufficiently Authentick, have divided this.
new World’into Iflands, and two grand Peninfula’s joyn’d together by am fthimus, or
Neck of Land; call’d The Sraight of Darien, by fome The Straizht ofPanama, lying ale
moft under the Equinodtial Line, and extending in length from Nombre de Dios
southward above a hundred Miles, and from Eaftto Weft feventeen Miles over in \ \
| P 3 hs

ss
 :

126 AMERICA. Chap. I-

the narroweft place. Of thefe two grand Peninfula’s the Northern is generally call’d
America Mexicana, from. Mexico the chief City of the Province, propetly call’d Mexi-
cana; which ‘was héretofore without doubt the moft potent, rich, and flotrifhing
of all the Kingdoms of the hidians; at leaft on the North-fide of the Ifthmuss In the
divifion of the feveral Provinces of America, as well thofe of rhe Northern as ofthe
Southern Continent, we find fo vatious an account among the feveral Geographers
that have written of them (not any twoof them agreeing in one and the fame or-
der) that to reconcile the differing methods of fo many difagreeing Authors
would be an endlefs work : wherefore we fhall pitch upon the fureft courfe, and
not omitting the mehtion of any of the Provinces taken notice of by the faid Au-
thors, hereby endeavor to take in whatfoever material hath been obferv’d by all
of them, and by the way take occafion to fhew low one differs from another in the
diftribution of them. Thofe therefore of the Northern America (that as. near as
can be wwe may bring the defign of many into one) {eém moft fitly defcrib'd in this
following order: 1. Eftotiland ; 2. Terra Laborators, or Nova Britannia; 3. Canada,
or Nova Francia; 4. Nova Scotia; 5. New England; 6. New Netherlands, now call'd
New York, as being in the poffeffion of the Englifh ; 7. New Holland ; 8. New Swede-
land; 9. Apalchen, now call’d Virginia, 10. Florida, 11. Jucatan; 12. Hondaras;
13. Nicaragua ;14. Veragia, 15. Coftarica; 16. Anuen; 17. Nova Eiispania ; 18. Guae
catimala; 19. Nova Gallicia; 20. Nova Bifcaia; 21. Nova Mexico; 22. Cibola;
23. Nova Granata; 24. Tontonteac; 25. Quivira; 26. Nova Albion ; to which by moft
Authors is added (alifornias which being an Ifland we thought fit to referve to be
fpoken of amongft the Iflands, as alfo Terra Nova, or New-found Land ; which laft
lies utmmoft Welt, as the other Eaft of Northern America. Some there are alfo (and
particularly Monfienr de Martini) who among the above-mention’d Provinces have
inferted Greenland, though doubtlefs with little reafon, fince though it be granted
that it is not divided by any Sea, yet it is evident, if any credis may be given toall
modern Maps and Globes, that the greateft part of Greenland li€s in the Heimilphére
of the known World ; and therefore we have judg’d it moft Convenient to refer thé
particular mention thereof to the Defcription of the Arétick Région. is
The Iflands of Northern America are 1. Terra Nova, or New-found Lund; 2. The
Ifland ofAffumption; 3. ‘The Bermudas, or Summer-I/land ; 4. Hispaniola; 5 St. Fobn
Porto Rico, 6 (uba; 7. Jamaica; 8. The Lucayes ; 9. The Caribes, or Antille ;
10. Margarita; 11 (ubagua ; 12. La Trinidad ; 13. Tabago; 14. California, the biggelt
of all che American Ilands. .
The length
of the Weft-Indies isgenerally computed to be from the utmoft South
of Terra Magellanica, to the fartheft North of Effotiland, about fix thoufand Englifh
Miles, reaching from fix Degrees of Northern, to fifty three of Southern Latitude ;
the breadth from St. Michael or Piura Weftward, to Parabaya, a Town on the Coaft
of Brafil Eaftward, three thoufand nine hundred Miles, and the whole compafs
| | |
thirty thoufand,
, Sect. Il.

Eftotiland.
— the Fnglifh have been very great Undertakers of Voyages and Difcove-
ries toward the North-Weft, appears by the denomination of divers pla.
ces, both from the Perfons which have Sail’d thitherward, and alfo from
fuch of our own Countrey Names as were thought fit to be there fix’d, as beyond: ,
the Arétick Circle are Sir James Lancafter’s Sound, Sit Dudley Diggs’s Cape, Queens Annes
Foreland,
 Chap. TI. eA MERIC 4A. 127
Foreland, Cumberland Iles, Davis's Straight, exc. on this fide toward the Aréick Circle,
Button’s and Brigg’s Bay, Hudfon’s Sea, otherwile term’d Mare Chriftianum, out of
which more Wefterly runs a narrow Sea call’d Hudfon’s Straight : beyond Hudfon’s
Sea towards the Arétick Circle is a place call’d New North-Walzs ; and on this fide an-
fwerable to it, between Button’s Bay and thie Chriftian Sea, lies New Sonth-Wales , all
which places we find generally fet down in the American Hemifphere, but in the
Geographical Difcourfes thereof little is faid of them, if fo muchas nam’d. The
fartheft patt of Land Northward, between Hadfon’s Gulph and Hudfon’s Straight,
betwixt fifty féven and fixcy Degrees of Northern Laticude, goes generally by the
Name of F/fotiland, 1 mean that properly fo call’d (for EFffotiland is by fome as
latgely taken as (Canada, by Claverins, Goluitzins, Peter du Val, and others, namely for
allthat Tract of Land extending from that fuppofed Straight of Anfan, which di-
vides America from Afiatick Tartary, as fat as the utmoft point of Land that fhoots
toward the Atlantick Ocean) which Southerly towards Terra Laboratoris is bounded
with a River vulgarly call’d Rio Nevado, or The Snowy River. Eftotiland {eems to
have deriv’d its Name from its lying more Eafterly than the reft of the Provinces,
and, according as Nova Britannia is plac’d in fome Charts, might very well be taken
- for the fame, though it hath not been fo term’d by any Author, but rather Terra
Laboratoris, Cortereatis, and Nova Britannia are generally receiv'd to be all one.
This Province is affitrn’d by Matthias Quadus, and J. Antonius Maginus, to have Firft diftove.
ry of Effoti-
been the fitft difcover’d Countrey of the new World, and that by Antonins Zeno, a land,

Patrician 6f Venice, in the Year of our Lord 1390. which was long before the Ex-
pedition of Columbus, through the encouragement of Zichmus, King of the Ifle of
Friegland ; but by whomfoevet found out, or at whatfoever time, it is commonly
affirm’d to be not ill furnifh’d wich Provifions of all forts, as Beafts, Birds, Fifh,
Fowl, and Fruits, having a Soil indifference fertile, in refpec of the coldne(s of the
Climate. The People in general (for fome there are that live wild and falvage up The Nature
of the People,
and down the Woods, and go naked, whereas the Clothing of the Countrey is the
Skins of Beafts and of Sea-Calves, call’d Morfes) are reported not onely tolerably
civil, but alfo ingenious and expert both in mechanick Arts, and other neceflary
Faculties, infomuch thar'the firft Voyagers to this place are faid to have obferv'd of
them upon this firft Difcovery, That they fow’d Corn, brew’d Beer and Ale, and
Traded by Seato Greenland, Friezland, and other places, to the diftance of fifteen
hundred Miles , and that they were not altogether void of the ufe of Letters, ‘but
that ‘their Charadtér'was onely proper to themfelves and not intelligible by any
other Nation : Moreover,there isa certain Tradition,that there was here and there
forme little knowledge of the Latine’ Tongue amongft them, and that there were
found divers Latine Books in a Library of one of their‘Kings ; the reafon of which,
iftrue, is conjeétur'd co be ‘from certain Europeans who underftood that Language,
havingin Ages paft fuffer’d fhipwrack upon thofe Coafts, where chancing to abide
either through conftraintor choice, they might haply at their Deceafe leave behind
thet fothe Books ‘and other Monuments of the Latine Tongue. They were ob-
férv’d to ule fuch'a kind of Javelin ‘or fhort Dart, as was known to be us’d by the
People’of Java,
and fome other Iflands of the Ea/t-Indies ; whereupon it feems not
‘wholly ‘improbible, that they might
for along time have entertain’d Traffick and
Correfpondence'with them.
The Morfes,orSéatCalves before mention’d, are about the bignefs of a young Defeription
of the Adored
Heifer, the ‘Hunting ‘ofwhich by the Natives, who take them in great numbers, is
to’themtin the ftead’of 'Whale-fifhing, which is not there fo good, for they draw a
great quantity of Train-Oyl out of them. Onceach fide ofthe Jaw of this amphi-
bious
 128 AMERICA. ” “€hapsb
bious Creature (for it is faid to live very much on the Land,as well as in the Water)
there fticks out a crooked Tusk, winding downward like an Elephants Probo/cis,
above a Cubit in length, and as white and hard as Ivory : It is efteem’d of great
vertue, at leaft it paffes for fuch among thofe who take it for other than what it is,
for it is frequently vended for Unicorns-horn ; of which impofture Dr. Brown takes
notice, and gives a Caution againft in his Vulgar Errors.
This Countrey is fuppos’d, and that probably enough, to have ftore of Brals and
Iron Mines; but for the Mines of Gold and Silver, which fome have imagin’d there,
the Northerly Situation of the Countrey, and by confequence the coldnefs of the
Climate, give fufficient caufe to queftion the truth of any fuch affertion, What
chief Towns, Cities, Rivers and Mountains there are in this Province, is not yet
deliver’d by any, onely Maginus and Quadws make mention of four principal Rivers, .
which difperfe themfelves through the Countrey, and take their fource out of a
great Mountain in the midft thereof. 3

Sect. Ill. | |

Terra Laboratoris.
Situation, aR Laboratoris, by fome call’d Nova Britannia, by others (orterealis, (though
there are fome who make Laboratoris and Corterealis two diftin& Countreys,
comprehended, according to Peter du Val, under Nova Britannia, as the more
general Province ; or, according ‘to Cluverins, under Canada) lies from about fifty
four to fifty feven Degrees of Northern Latitude, between Eftotiland and the River
Canada, which Maginus and fome others, though for what reafon is not exprefs‘d,
name Fretum trium Fratrum, The Bay of the three Brethren; others, The ‘River of
St. Laurence, and is, according tothe faid Author, of fo vaft a bignefs, that the
Mouth of it extends it felf thirty five Italian Miles wide ; likewife of fuch a length,
as to have been navigated a continu’d Voyage of eight hundred Miles. ‘The denos
mination of Terra de Laborador, or Laboratoris, feems probably enough conjectur'd
to be from the cultivability (if one may fo term it) of the Soil, or its aptnefs for
Cultivation or Tillage , that is, becaufe by the painful Hand of the Labourer or
Husband-man it may be rendred fo fertile, as to yield all forts of Grain and Fruits ;
haply in allufion to that fruitful Countrey of (Campania in Italy, vulgarly known by
the Name of Terradi Lavoro. As forthe Appellation of Terra (orterealis, it need not
be queftion’d, but that it derives it felf from Gaspar Corterealis, a Portuguefe Gentle
man, who about the Year of our Lord 1500. is thought by fome to have made the
firft difcovery of thefe Parts ; though Sir Seba/tian Cabot a Venetian, is more generally
believ’d to have been the Man that (under the favour and countenance of Henry
the Seventh, King of England) firft difcover’d them, at leaft the adjoyning Ifland
Terra Nova, or New-found Land ;but juft onely difcover’d, being hinder’d the far-
ther profecution of that Defign, by the important Affairs in which the faid King ©
was about that time involv'd; neither did Corterealis, whether he was the firft, or
came after, do any more, for returning within 2 year after his firft fetting out, he
was never heard of ; nor, as Oforins a Portugue/e Hiftorian writes, any of his Com-
pany, being all fuppos’dto have been drown’d by Shipwrack; and in like man-
ner Michael (orterealis, who the year following fet forth with two Ships in queft of
his Brother Gaspar. Upon which feries of Misfortunes the Portugnefe being wholly
difcourag’d, and giving over this Defign, the French of Armorica or Bretany fucceed
them in it with fomewhat better fuccefs about the Year 1504.whereupon it came to
be
 Chap. I. ae AMERICA, Hg)
be term’d, Nova Britannia, or New Britain. The ancient Inhabitants of this place
were formerly of a Nature, like the generality of the American People, fomewhat
bruitifh and falvage, but by long converfation with the French, are (aid to have
caft off their original wildnefs, and become more civilly manner’d : they are very
jealous of their Wives, by report much addiéted to Soothfaying, though otherwife
having little of Religion, or of any other kind of Learning ; they dwell for the moft
part in Caves under Ground, feed chiefly upon Fifh, and are accounted moft ex-
pert Archers. Whatever places the French have built here befides, thofe of chiefeft
note are St. Maries, Cabo Marzo, and Breft.

Secr. IV.

Canada, or New France.

nada, as itistaken for oneand the fame Province with New France, con-
C0 New France, properly fo call’d, Nowa Scotia, Norumbega, and fome ad-
joyning Iflands, as the Canada of Cluverins, lying more North-Wefterly,
comprehends (as we have-already intimated) “E/totiland, Laboratoris, and (ortereslis,
and, accotding to the moft modern Divifion (for that of Cluverins neither con-
fents with the lateft Authors, nor agrees with exact Survey, it being nam’d Canada,
in re{pect the River Canada runs through it) hath on the North Terra Corterealis, on
the South New England, and on the Eaft the Ocean, and hath between forty five
and fifty two or fifty three Degrees. of Northern Latitude. The River (anada is Situation,

judg’d tobe the largeft of all the Rivers of America, asthofe Rivers generally the
largeft of all inthe World befides ; it rifesin the Weftern parts of this Province
which remain yet undifcover’d, and in fome places {preads it felf into huge Lakes}
fome of them a hundred Miles in compafs, with many little Iflands difperfed
up and down in them, and fo running from the Weft about. hundred Leagues, falls
at laft into the North part of St. Lawrence Bay, being that wide Emboucheure of thitry
five Miles breadth already mention’d. This River is extraordinary full of Fith,
/
among which there is one fort more remarkable than the reft, call’d by the Inha-
bitants (adbothuis, having Heads refembling the Heads of Hares, and Bodies:as
white as Snow; they are taken for the moft part before the Ifle de Lievres. The
Countrey on both fides of the River is pleafant and indifferently fertile, efpecially
towards the South-Weft, where upwards from the River the Ground rifes into
many little Hills, invefted moft of them with Vines, with which and feveral other
forts of Trees this Countrey abounds, being well water’d with a great many lefler
Streams, all of them falling into the River Canada.
That this Countrey is term’d New France, from having been difcover'd by the Firft difea®
very,
French, at leaft more fully than before, there needs no queftion to be made; but
whether Foannes Verrazanus, under Francis the Firft of France, or Sebaftian Cabot before
fpoken of, were the firft in this Difcovery, may admit of fomething of difpute :
the Cabots indeed, (for John the Father is by fome mention’d to have accompanied.
his Son) who by all are own’d the firft Difcoverers of New-found-Land and Terra de
Baccalaos, axe alfo commonly reputed to have firft found out the Province of New
France, together with fome parts adjacent, though perhaps it might be upon this
Ground that Terra de Nova, or New-found-Land, not being known at firft to be ari
Hland, New France and that might be taken for one continu’d Province ; and it ap-
pears fo much the more probable, becaufe Canada,orNova Francia, is by fome call’d
Terra Nova , however itbe, or whoever were the firft Adventurers, Quarteri and
o 3 Champlain
 130 AMERICA. - Chap. I.
Champlain are the two French-men that have gain’d fomuch fame by making/a more.
ample and particular fearch into thefe parts, that this Province may feem from
thence to have fufficient claimtothe Title of New France, whereof that part more
efpecially fo call’d, lieson the Northefide of the River Canada,and Southward to
Terra Corterealis. The Winter is here very long, and fo much the more fevere by
reafon of acold North-Weft Wind which blows moft part of the Winter Seafon,
and brings with it fo thick a Snow, that it continues upon the Ground: moft com-
monly till after May. The Countrey is for the moft part wooddy, bur in the
Champain parts thereof very fruitful of Corn, and all forts of Grain, efpecially
Pulfe: Ic hath alfo Fifh, Fowl, wild Deer, Bears, Marterns, and Foxes in abun-
al
ee
- a—
= - — >>.nl
a
a al
= .-
= a_
ee
ee
a
dance, and of Hares fuch plenty, that one of the little Iflands belonging to this Pro-
sa,
—
«1 vince, isby the Frenchnam’d L’ Ifle des Lievres, or The Ifland ofHares : But the moft
aA
4
peculiar Commodity belonging to thisCountrey isthe Efargnuy, a kind of Shell-
Wy.

ihe; Fifth, extraordinary white, and approv’d of fingular vertue for the ftanching of
Blood ; to which ptirpofe they make, Braceletsiof them, not onely for their own
'
bt
¥, ©
.

ufe, but alfo to vend thém to others, but John de Laet and others have obfery’d no
other than a fuperftitious ufe of them amongft the Salvages, in their Funeral Rites
for the Dead : the manner of theittakingit is very remarkable; for when any one
is condemn’d to die, or taken Prifoner, they cut offall his flefhy parts in long flices,
and then throw him into the River, where they let him lie twelve hours, andiat
lat pulling him out again’ find his Wounds full of E/urguni. \ Quadus and Maginus
make mention of three ancient Towns, namely Canada (denominated as the Pros
vince, from-the River) Hlochelai and-Hochchelaga, giving Name to a Territory about
it, which Geographers either takeno notice of,ormake fome queftion of the be-
ing of {uch Towns, however,a late Defcriber of the We/t-Indies, not mentioning
the other two, gives this de{cription of the laft, viz. Hochchelaga :
» This City(faith he)faidto bethe Seat and Refidence of aKing of this Country
“< whom the Natives, at leaft fome of them, acknowledge and reverence, carrying
‘chim fometimes in great pomp upon their Shoulders fitting upon a Carpet of
« Beafts Skins, is fituate far within Land, at a diftance of fix or feven Leagues from
« the River Canada, and isa kind of fortifi'd place,encompa{s'd about with a three-
“ fold Range of Timber Ramparts one within another, of about two Rods high
““ from the Ground, with crofs Planks,
or pieces of Timber jutting out, on purpofe
‘© to hinder an Enemy’s Scaling or getting up ; towards the top there is as it were a
‘¢ Scaffold or Gallery fram’d, from whence they may throw down Stones (of which
‘there is always good ftore ready, or what elfe to annoy the Affailants: It hath
_ one onely Gate for Entrance, and that likewife well fortifi'd after their manner :
“There are guefs'd to be in it fifty or fixty great Houfes, built (as the manerof the
«* Americans that live in Houfes ufually is) in a {quare Figure, each fide being about
“fifty Footlong, or more, and fixteen or twenty broad, but not many Stories
“‘ high ; and inthe midft of the Court or void {pace, a place to make their Fire,
‘¢ and do other neceflary work about it. Moreover the Territory round about
‘¢ this Town is both rich in Soil, and pleafant in Profpect. |
_ Befides thefe three above-mention’d Towns there are feveral others, which are
not untaken notice of in the moft modern Deferiptions and Maps, viz, 1. Stadac,
or Stadacone, fomewhat Weftward of a {mall Ifle call’d The Ifle @ Orleance > 2. Que-
bequey which being made a Colony of the French, and the Natives expell’d, came to
be Entituled Se. Croix; 3- Tadouffac,which lies inthat part of the Countrey denomi- —
- nated from the River Saguenay, and by fome call’d at this day Nouvelle Bifcaye,a de-
lightful place, and full of ftately Trees, and hath likewife a good and fafe Havens
capable
 Chap. I. AMERICA.
capable of receiving twenty Ships; 4. Trois Rivieris, or three Rivers; 5. Mon-
yeal; 6, Sillery.; 7. Richeliew; befides two ftrong Caftles or Forts, Fravceroy and
Sc. Lewis ; the Firft buile by Monfiewr Robeval at his Landing here, about the
Year 1540. the other defign’d for a Colony , in the Year 1611. by Monfieur
Champlany, but hinder’d by the Invafion of the Iroquois. The {maller Rivers that
run out of the Gulph of St. Lawrence , and the grand River Canada towards the
North, on which fide chiefly lies this Province, are, 1. Chichefedec, 2. St. Margarite,
3. Le/quemin, 4. Saquenay, before-mention’d, 5. Montoyne; and on the South fide,
the
River Mary. The principal Tribes of the ancient Natives of this Countrey were:
on the North fide of Canada the Canadans, the Betifiamites, the Hurons, the Algoniquins,
the Quenongebins, the Alooingequins, the Attagopantans, the Atticameques, the Nipifiriniens;
and on the South fide, the Etechemins, and the chief Heads or Princesof thefe Tribes
were call’d Sagamores.
Jaques Quartier Complementing their King Agouthanna, took up his Quarters a
whole Winter at St. Croix, a Sandy Promontory, overflow’d by the River Canada,
into which falls the Lake de Champlain, grown round about with Cheftnut Trees :
in it breeds the ftrange Fith call’d Chaoufarow, generally ten Foot long, with Heads Strange Fifh
like Sharks, and two rows of Teeth in their Mouths, their Skins full of ftrong nam’d Chaow-
faron,

- Scales, which are fufficient Shields againft Swords and Lances, are great devourers
of other Fifh and Fowls, which they take after this manner, viz, they (wim a-
mongft Reeds or Canes, and lie ftill with their Mouths open; whereat the Birds
fitting down upon them, are immediately {wallow’d.
The Natives of Nova Francia anoint their bodies with Oil, in the Summer they
go naked, and in the Winter mantle them(felves in Furs. Their Warlike Accoutre-
ments are Darts and Clubs, but chiefly great Shields. They are revengeful, cruel,
and fraudulent ; their Women common to all Men, from fifteen to twenty, after
which, Marrying, they become very Chafte. \Their Diet is Indian Corn, frefh and
falt Fifh, Venifon, Buffalo's and Beavers flefh y wiping their Fingers (when greafie)
on their Heads, or their Dogs backs, which wait for the Scraps.
At that feafon when the Corn covers the grotind,to any heighth,they eat Cockles,
Dogs, dead Caryon, and the Skins wherewith they Clothe themfelves.. When they
have eaten their fill, they tabering on their Bellies, cry, Tapoue Mikisfpoun, that is, Ve-
vily I am fatisfi'd. They give their Sick a fpeedy Cure, either immediately killing
them, or inhumanely expofing them to the Woods, to be devour’d by ravenous
_Beafts, but if they die fuddenly, they in howling tone pronounce Oye, Ove, thereby
to chafe the Souls of the Deceas’d out of their Huts; they ftick the bodies on Woods
den Prongs, cover them with Bark, and lay their Clothes and Arms by them,
all what remains of the Funeral Feafts is burnt, whereas at other times, what e’re
is brought on their Table they eat, though ready to burft. They make the firft
Proofs of their Valour by undergoing 2 moft prodigious Torment, in this man- Strange
proof of V2-
ner; Two by confent tie their naked Arms together, on which they fuffer burning lor.
Sulphur to be pour’d, till the flefh farts from the bone, if either of them fhrink,
or pull back his Arm, he is accounted by them ever after as an ighominious and
bafe Coward. They call God Atabocan, and.believe that one Meffou firft drowning
the world by a general Deluge, reftor’d it again after a wonderful manner , viz. Wonderful ;
opinion of
Meffox hunting with Wolves, they {cented a Deer which being clofely purfu’d, God,
leap’d into a neighboring Pool, the Wolves following it, were drown’d, Me/fou Flood.
coming thither, ftood amaz’d a: a Bird, which inform’d him, that the Wolves
were pluck’d down, and held faft in the bottom by horrible Monfters, where
upon he diving, the Pool immediately began to fwell, and at laf the whole fur-
7 | face
 AMERICA. Chap. I.
Pace of the Earth to be overflow’d. Meffon afterwards let a Raven flie to fetch a
Clod of Earth, but in vain, for all che Land lay drown’d in Water; at laft a Rat
diving tothe bottom, brought a lump of Earth, out of which Meffou reftor'd the
World, fhot Arrows into Trees, which became fruitful Branches. Here alfo re-
. Sorecrers. fide an innumerable many Sorcerers, call’d Pillotoa’s, which fometimes being pof-
fefs’d with a Frenzy, fcourge themfelves in a terrible manner, infomuch that the -
Blood runs down by their fides: Thefe People are held in great efteem, for they
They boaft boaft themfelves to have their Original from Heaven upon this occafion, viz.
Huf-
Ataenfic, a certain great Queen or Goddefs, refiding above the Stars, had a fick
their Extract
from Heaven.

band, who Dreamt that he fhould bereftor’d.to his former health fo foon as he
Their ftrange
Relation con-

could but tafte of the Fruits which grew ona Tree, whereby the Family of Hea-
cerning it.

ven were keptalive, but that the Tree muft needs be cur down, which Ataenfic
obeying, gave onely two blows, when the Tree, to her great amazement, fell out
of Heaven down to the Earth , there being byithis means nothing more left to eat
in Heaven: Ataenfic follow’d the fallen Tree, and being big with Child, bare a
Daughter, which growing up to years, was Deliver’d of two Daughters, viz,
Taovifcaron and Jouskeha; the eldeft of which flew the youngeft : By thefe Fables we
may difcern their obfeure knowledge of Noah’s Flood, Bye’s Fall, and Cain’s Mur-
der. No lefs ridiculous is that which they believe concerning the Creation, viz,
That the Waters were inclos’d within aFrog, which fouskeha caufing to be cut open,
all Streams and Rivers iffuing out, had their Original from thence: This done,
Jouskeba open’d a Pit, out of which came all forts of Beafts; they afcribe a Bodily
As alfo of fhape tothe Soul, as alfo Immortality, but that they live together in a great
Village towards the Weft ; from which removing fometimes, they knock at the
the Creation,
and Souls of

Doors of their former Friends in the Night, and fow deferted Grounds : That the
the Deceafed.

Journey towards the Village in which the Souls refide is very ftrange the Highs
way thither beginning at a Rock aam’d Ecaregniendi, where they firft Paint their
Faces, which done, they go to a Hut inhabited by an old Man, nam’d Ofotrach,
who takes the Brains out of the Souls Head ; after which they walk to a broad Ris
ver, which they crofs on anatrow Plank or Bridge, on which.a Dog encountring,
forces them to leap into the Water, which carries them down to the foremention’d -
Village. «They acknowledge one Oki for the Governor of the Sea, and feafons of
Strange
Rock,
the Year : They alfo Religioufly Worfhip the Rock Tfankchi Arafta, which they
believe fome ages ago was once a Man, but afterward Transform’d into a Rock,
dan-
in which a. Demon refides, who can make their Journies either fuccefsful or
Thunder, gerous, wherefore they offer him Tobacco. Their opinion of Thunder is like-
wife very ridiculous, for they fay that the Devil endeavoring to vomit a horrible
Serpent, by {training to evacuate the fame, rents the Clouds, and occafions Thun-
Thakabeck an der. Laftly, They relate of a Dwarf call’d Thakabech, who climb’d on the top ofa
Tree, which by his blowing thereon grew fo high, that it couch’d the Clouds,
Idol,

and Thakabech eafily ftept into them, where he found all forts of delight and plea-
fure , but having a Sifter on Earth, defcended again along the Tree, and fetching
his Sifter, conduéed her above the Stars; mean while, Thakabech going in the
Night to fee if he had taken any thing in his "Net which he had pitch’d , foiind
it full of Fire, and obferving the fame very narrowly, faw that he had taken
the Sun, bur durft not approach the fame, by reafon of its great heat, but making
a Moule, fent her to gnaw the Net in pieces, and fet the Sun at liberty. Every
Funeral-Feaft, twelfth year they keep an extraordinary great Funeral-Feaft; for on the Setetime
they flock from all parts to the appointed place, every one carrying thither the Bo-
dies or Bones of their Deceas’d Friends, wrapt up in Clothes, and hang them ovet
their
Chap. I. AMERICA. 133.
their Meat, which they eat finging; fuch fond and Superftitious Conceits make u p
the Religion of thefe poor deluded People. ; :

Sac 7.7 Ve

Accadia, or Nova Scotia.

Ova Scotia, or New Scotland, formerly call’d Accadia, is commonly accounted
N a part of New France, (viz, that part which lying on the South fide of the
River Canada, and {hooting South-Eafterly into a bofom of the Sea, forms
it felf into a Peninfula, between the Gulph of St. Lawrence, and the Bay Francoife)
neverthelefs, becaufe of the different concernments of this part of the Countrey, in
regard the right of claim to feveral places in this diftri&, moft efpecially of all No-
va Francia befides, hath been long in difpute between Us and the French, it will be
moft convenient to Treat of it apart; and becaufe the Series of Affairs, from its
firft difcovery, till of late years, appears faithfully reprefented on the Englifh past,
in a Remonftrance Addrefs’d to the King and Council by Sir Lewis Kirk, and his
Brother fobn Kirk Efquire; it will not be amifs (onely adding fome few things up-
on occafion) to follow exa&tly the Narration of Affairs, deliver’d in the faid Re-
monftrance to this effect.

iar ‘He whole Traé& or Space of Land in America, lying on either fide of the
ee River Canada, which a long time fince were known by the Names of
“ Nova Francia, and Nova Scotia, were at firft difcover’d and found out by the Enge
“* lifh, in the time of; Henry the Seventh, King of England; which Expedition
“ was firft undertaken at the Command and Charges of that King; afterwards
« further’d and carry’d on by the favorable Afpect of Queen Elizabeth; fo that in
“* procefs of time, for many years together, the {aid Tra of Ground, with abfo-
“< lute Priviledge of free Commerce, fell under the Jurifdigtion and Power of the
“ Crown of Bngland: Neither was it unto any other Chriftian Princes, or their Sub-
*< jects more clearly known or difcover’d, untill about the year 1600. fome of the
“¢ French underftanding the benefit arifing by Traffique in the River of St. Lawrence,
*‘ having formerly feiz’d upon that Tract of Land, fituate on the North fide of
“the faid Floud or River Canada, did afterwards, in Anno 1604. (under the (one
“ ductofPeter de Gua, Lord of Monts, who in the year 1606. was follow'd by Monfieur
“ de Pourtrincourt) Poffefs themfelves of L’ Accadie , lying on the South fide of
“the faid River, naming the whole Nova Francia, challenging to themfelves for
“‘ many years, at leaft de fatto, the Poffeffion thereof, with fole liberty of Com-
“¢ merce there. | |
“* 2. In Anno 1621. King James of England looking upon the Poffeffion gotten
** there by the French, as upon an Invafion, did by his Letters Patents Grant un
“to Sir William Alexander a Scotchman (Created afterwards Earl of Sterling, by King
*© Charles the Firft) L’ Accadie, by the Name of Nova Scotia; who in the year 1622,
“ and 1623. after Sir Samuel Argal had driven out Biard and Mafle, and demolifhing their
*¢ Fort, carryd them Prifoners to Virginia ;having obtain’d the Poffeffion thereof,
‘they Planted a Colony therein, and kept Pofleffion for about two years after,
“* until fuch time, as upon the Marriage of his Majefty King Charles the Firft, with
“ the Lady Henrietta Maria, the {aid L’ Accadie, or Nova Scotia, was by Order of the
*< King of England return’d into the Pofleffion of the French.
«¢ 3, Afterwards a War arifing between his Majefty King (harles the Firft, and |
¢ Lewis

—_ ——.
 AMERICA. Chap. I.
©¢ Lewisthe XII. Ammo 1627, and 1628. Sir David Kirk and his Brethren and Rela-
“ tions of England, did by vertue of his Majeftie’s Commiffion, fend to Sea (at their
“¢ oreat charge) firft three, afterwards nine Ships, with Warlike Preparations for
“ recovering of the Poffeffion of the faid Lands, lying on either fide of the faid
< River Canada,and to expel and ejeé& all the French Trading in thofe Parts, wherein
““ they had good Succefs ; and in Anno 1 ie did there feize upon about eighteen
«of the French Ships, wherein were found a hundred thirty five Pieces of Ord-~
‘nance, defign’d for relief of the Royal Fort in L’ Accadie, and Quebeck in Nova
« Francia, under the Command of Monfieur de Rocmand, and Monfieur dela Tour, Fa-
< ther of de la Tour, Governor of the faid Royal Fort, whom, together with the faid
«© Ships and Guns, they brought into England ; and in the year 1628. they Poffefs’d
‘<< themfelves of the whole Region of Canada or Nova Francia, fituate on the North
«« fide of the River, together with the Fort or Caftle of Quebeck, Sir Lewis Kirk bee
«ing then conftituted Governor of the place, the French being then either expell’d
‘¢ or convey’d into England, and the Arms of the King of England being publickly
‘there erected, and every where plac’d; and before the year 1628. it was brought
“to pafs by the faid Sir William Alexander, (affifted both by the advice and charge
« of the faid Kirk) that in the parts of L’ Accadie, or Nova Scotia, on the South fide
<¢ of the River Canada, the whole place, with the Forts thereon built, being by him
“¢ fubdu’d, prefently came under the Power of the King of England, that Region
“¢ on the South fide falling into the Pofleffion of the faid Sir William Alexander, and
‘¢ that on the North fide, into the Poffeffion of the Kirks.
“ 4. On March 29. 1632. a Peace being concluded between King Charles the
« Firft, and Lewis the XIII. it was amongft other things on the part of the King of
«¢ England agreed, That all the Forts, as well inL’Accadie as in Nova Francia, fhould
« be reftor’d into the Poffeffion of the Subjects of the French King , which.was ex-
cc aétly perform’d on the part of the Englifh, though to the great damage of the
“¢ Kirks ; but onthe part of the French, although it was agreed, asin the fourth and
« fifth Articles of Peace is fet down, (to which reference is had) yet nothing was
« ever perform’d of their parts; fo that the Kirks did thereupon fuffer lofs, to the
¢¢ value of five thoufand Pounds Sterl. which were to be paid them by Monfieur de
€ Cane a Frenchemin, but remain unpaid to this day. |
5. Anno 1633. the King of England taking notice, that although the Forts and
“ Caftles, according to the League, were deliver'd up into the Poffeffion of the
<t French, (efpecially fuch as had been ereéted during their Poffeffion thereof ) yet
«¢ that his Englifh Subjects were not to be excluded from Trade or free Commerce,
‘Cin thofe Regions that were firft Difcover’d and Poffefs'd by his Subjects, did,
¢ with the advice of his Council, by his Letters Patents, Dated May rr. 1633. upon
“© confideration had of the Expences, which the faid Kirks had laid out upon the ree
‘© ducing of that Countrey with the Fort of Quebeck, to the value of 0000; and
‘© alfo of their ready obeifance in refigning up the fame on his Royal Command,
<< Grant unto Sir Lewis Kirk, and his Brother John Kirk and his Affociates, for the
< term of thirty one years (not yet expit’d) full Priviledge, not only of Trade and
«Commerce in the River Canada, and places on either fide adjacent, but alfo to
« Plant Colonies, and build Forts and Bulwarks where they fhould think fir. ~
“ 6, By vertue of which Commiffion, Sir Lewis Kirk and his Brother fobs
“¢ Kirk, and his Aflociates, in the Moneth of February next following, viz. in 1633.
« fet forth a Ship call’d The-Merry Fortune, Laden with Goods of a confiderable va-
“Jue, confign’d to thofe parts, where during her Trading there, without any juft
“ offence given ; and in time of Peace, fhe was by the French forceably f{eiz’d on,
| and
 Chap. II. | AMER,IC A.
“‘ and carry’d into France, and her Lading, as if fhe had been lawful Prize, Conf
“ {cated; whereupon the Kirks fuffer’d lofs, to the value of twelve thoufand Pounds.
** And although the Lord Scudamore, Ambaflador in France, by the King of Englands
“* {pecial Command, and the faid John Kirk being there in Perfon, by the King’s
“Command, did often earneftly urge, that the Moneys due to the faid Kirks, and
“ the faid Ship, with her Lading, might be reftor’d, which for no other caufe had
“¢ been feiz’d upon and fold, but only for that by the King’s Commiffion the was
“found Trading at Canada ; yet he could obtain nothing, but after fome years
“¢ frnitlef{s endeavors return’d into England without accomplifhing his defires.
“7. In the year 1654, CGromuel, although an unjuft Ufurper of the Government,
“ yet upon-confideration of the Premifes, taking a juft occafion for requiring the
“ Poffeffion ofL’Accadie, fends forth feveral Ships under the Command of one
“ Sedgwick, who by vertue of the Authority granted him by Cromwel, affaulted and
_ © fubdu’d the aforefaid Forts in Nova Scotia, and reftor’d them into the Pofleffion
“ of the Englifh : And although in the year 1655. a League of firm Peace and Amity
“¢ being concluded between Cromwel and the French King, the French Ambaflador
* did often urge the Reftitution to the Pofleffion of the French ; yet for the fame caus
“ fesaforefaid, which had mov’d (vomwel to {eize upon them, it was thought fic ftill
“to retain the Poffeffion of them; and although according to the purport of the
“twenty fifth Article of the Peace, Commiffioners on both fides were to be ap-
“ pointed for the deciding and determining that Controverfie; yet nothing was
“¢ done therein, neither did the Commiffioners ever meet within three Moneths, as
“in the twenty fourth Article of the Treaty was provided and agreed : So that
“now the cafe is very clear,that the Pofleffion to the Englifh remains firm and juft,
“and that che Forts and Bulwarks before {pecifi’d, are without all peradventure
‘under the Power and Jurifdidtion of the King of England.

Since the Reftauration of his prefent Majefty, the French Ambaflador reprefent-
-ing unto the King the Pretenfions of the French unto the feveral Forts and other
places in Accadie, and urging the non-performance of the Articles of Agreement
between Oliver Cromwel and the French King, movd the King of England, -As a pro
[ef Enemy to all Violence, for a Reftitution of all the Forts and other places which
were then in the poffeffion of the Englifh : Not long after which, whether upon the
Ambaffadors requeft, or upon other important Affairs intervening, or upon what
other ground foever it were, the French were fuffer’d to re-enter on the forefaid
places, and do yet keep Pofleffion of them, till fuch time as the Englifh claim under
the juft Title of the Kirks, {hall meet with fome fit occafion of being reviv'd,
That which we fuppofe gives the French fo much the more confidence in their
claim of this Country, is their prefumption upon the Expedition of James Quartier,
whom they will have to be the firft Difcoverer, if not Poffeffor , not onely of the
Ifle of Affumption, but alfo of this Coat of Nova Francia, not taking notice it feems
of Sebaftian Cabot, under Henry the Seventh.
The chief places of Note in this Countrey, are, 1. Port Royal, a Colony of French,
faid to have been Planted there by Monfieur de Montz in 1604. by report, capable of
receiving a thoufand Ships, and in 1613. (the French being driven out by Sir Sa-
muel Areal, Governor of Virginia, who took Prifoners Biard and Maffe, and demo--
lifh’d the Fort at Port Royal) given by Patent, as aforemention’d, to Sit William Alex-
ander ; afterwards by him fold again to the French , then in the time of Oliver Crom-
wel re-taken by Major Sedgwick ; laftly, re-poflefs’d by the French. 2. St. Luke’s Buy,
or Portua Mouton. 3. Gagpe, or Gachepe. 4. The Haven of Paffepay. < The Bay de wet
Q2z t/eS.
 AMERICA! Chap ¥
Sa
9
_—=
an=
ne
e. Within the, Southern Point Forchu,
==
—_
=

(ap e of Sabl
=by
+
~ ye
7. The
army
vw

Ifles. 6. The Fort de la Hev e.

er Mine. i
lies the Ifle Longu, which boafts of a Silv
tants of Accadie were the Iroquois, ly-
The moft noted People of the ancient Inhabi
ft, who us’d to drive a great Trade in
ing moft South-Wefterly upon the Sea Coa
Beavers and other Commodities.
bef ore the Riv er Cho vac oet lies Bac chus I/le, full of Vineyards.
Wefterly es, for they fhave
le The Inh abi tan ts the reo f diff er ver y much from other Salvag
Remarkab to-
all the Hai r fro m the Cro wn of thei r Head, weat long Locks behind, pleited
a black and red, go arm’d with
gether, and Quck full of Feathers, Paint their Faces They Till cheir
nted with Fifh-bones:
Clubs, Bows, Pikes, and Arrows poi
ie
ee
OT
aOE
SR r Fields with Hedges ; they Plant To-
Ground very handfomly, and divide thei
hy
—
-=,
<,>)
=
==
;><"
~. -

Colour’d Beans; the ftalksof the Maiz

bacco, Vines, Cabbages, Max, and divers ) |
e in ftea d of Pol es for thei r Bea ns to run up Upon.
ferv
Beauport, which is fecur’d from all
4

Beyond Cape de Rocher lies the brave Harbor

=-
-—-

it. The Countrey Manur’d in moft pla-

I

Winds by an Ifle which lies in the midft of

--
-Se
<_— =-a = e—-
bd
r.
=--F-E
=
=

and Cattel.
ces, and Fruitful, feeds fLore of Men
aa
:

bar is f{ur roun ded in a man ner with little Huts, cover’d with
fe
a The Hav en of Mala at.
the Room have a hole for the Smoke to ‘go out
—

Mats, which in the Middle of

—
: -

|
Fy.
—
-an
-

ous.
The Southern fhore is Sandy, and very danger
erns this part of Nova Francia, we
For the more full exemplification of what conc
Se
———
--——
~

Paffages relating to the French, from

; ,

fhall conclude with an account of all Material

4 om
“
a=

‘ay
{re | |h:

their own Narrations as followeth. |

He firft difc over er of this Coaf t was Jaques Quartier, (ent out Anno 1534. by the
cpt he {pent five Months; and
French King, Francis the Firft, in which Expedition
t Lawrence, Terrenenf, and Natifcotec.
going from thence to St. Male, difcover’d the Inle
Sail’d into the great River Canada,
The following year profecuting his Voyage, he
rs of his Men by the Scutvy,a Diftem-
Pr Se andWinter’d near St.Croix,where he loft dive
his condition, that none of
er till that time altogether unknown ,; and fuch was
nts taught him to cure the fame
his Men had efcap’d with life, had not the Inhabita
which many recovering,
with the Bark and Leaves of the Tree Annedda, with
King Donnatona with many
Quartier Weigh’d Anchor, and treacheroufly carry’d the only
g, Quartier brought
of his Nobles, Prifoners to France, but moft of them dyin
s after the firft, when ar-
a few of them back with him in his third Voyage, fix year
Fort, which he nam’d Charles-
riving in the Haven St. (roix, he caft up a ftrong
de la Roque, whom the French
bourg Royal, where he ftaid a whole Winter. Joan
tries, Sailing thither
King had made Governor of Quartier’s new-difcover’d Coun
f , from whence he was
with three Ships, met with Quartier’s Fleet near Terreneu
Salvages with fo {mall
then going home, becaufe he {aw no hopes of fubduing the
But de la Roque endeavoring to
an aait/of a Force as he had brought with him from France.
enay, where {pending
make a further difcovery of Canada, Sail’d up the River Sagu
ch King, and the fruit
both time and Money, he was Commanded home by the Fren
| :
lefs Expeditions lay dead till about 1604.
for Furs in the fore-
Ofd atone, When Peter de Monts obtaining Letters Patents to Trade
up St. Lawrence Bay,
~ mention’d Countries, Sail’d with two Ships beyond Accadie,
Men, with which he
where he Landed on the Ifle St. Croix, where of ninety feven
faid there 2 whole Winter"he , loft thirty five, but having frefh Supplies fent him
return’d
Royal, where leaving forty Men, he
from France, he remov'd to Port
, walking a-
home ; thefe forty being reduc’d to twenty three, and in great want
ng up with full
long the Sea-fhore in a defpairing condition, efpy'd a Ship comi
; Sail,
 Chap. I. AMERICA. 317
Sail, which upon nearer approach, provd a French Veflel, of which Poutrincourt Of Peuria-
was Commander, who receiving his wretched Countrey-men with great joy, took “"
them with him to Port Royal, being fent thither on purpofe to fettle a Plantation
in Accadie : Meanwhile the Letters Patent granted to Monts, being call’d in, the firft
Planters in Port Royal were forc’d to defert the fame, and return home; and alfo
Poutrincourt returning, came back again three years after to Port Royal, where find-
ing the Houfes ftanding as he had left them, -he .Manur’d the Countrey all about,
and endeavoring to Plant Chriftianity among. the: Natives, Chriften’d among others
an Accadian Lord, who was above a hundred years old, all which Poutrincourt Sail-
ing back to France,' related at the Court.
The: fefuits being alfo inform’d thereof, obtain’d leave of the Queen to fend Rita See
Peter Biard and Euemond Maffe thither, on pretence, that Henry the Fourth had him- Fifi
{elf promis’d them the fame Priviledge in his Life time. Butthe Merchants at Diep,
which‘were concern’d in the, new Plantations with Poutrincourt, oppofing the gos
ing over of the forémention’d: Fe/uits, exprefs'd themfelyes very violent againft
them,)iand laid to their charge the Blood of the late King, which they faid was
yet reaking in Paris :: What affurance (alleadg’d they) had their Goods which were in the
Cuftody of ‘Men inclinid to the Spaniards ?. Muff the Chriftian Religion be promulgated
There are fo many Orders of Monks which may eafily produce two Men ; but if the Queen was
refolv'd to fend Jeluits thither, they dejir’d reftauration of the Monies which they had dif-
burs’d : To which Biard and Majffe harkening ,. .gather’d up the demanded Mo-
nies, under pretence of being requir’d towards the Preaching of the Chriftian Relis
gion amongft thele remote Heathens; by this means getting great Sums, they bought
out the foremention’d Merchants, fo that the new Plantations fell half to the Je-
fuits, who fetting Sail, and arriving at Port Royal, turn’d all things topfiturvy,
and fo thwarted Poutrincourt in his defigns, that he was fore’d to complain to the
French Court of the Je/uits oppreffion, whofe aim it was to get all things into their
own Poffeffion; whereupon they Excommunicated Poutrincourt’s Son (who fery’d
in his Father’s place at Court, and gain’d the Duke Guereheville in France to be of
their Party, by promifing him, that he fhould fhare in the new Plantations for a
contracted Sum of Money : After this they receiv’d all forts of Arms and Ammu-
nition, with feveral Brafs Guns, of the then King Lewis the XIII. and other gifts
Collected and gather’d out of their feveral Societies , for two new Acadian Apo-
ftles.. Gilbert du Thet, a fubtile man of the fame Order, tranfported their Necef-
{aries. |
At this time all things going favorably with the Je/uits, they made themfelves
. Matters of Port Royal, and began to raife a Fort on the River Pemtagovet ;but there
their happy Proceedings were ftop'd, for Captain Argal beforeemention’d, Sailing
thither in vindication of the Englifh, was encounter’d by dw Thet, (who firing the
firft Gun on Argal, was by him taken off with Chain-fhot) and taking Biard and
Maffe, carry’d them Prifoners to Virginia, and difmantled the Fort built at Port Roy-
al, after which it was by King James given by Patent to Sir William Alexander, as
hath been already related, together with what of moft remarkable hath happen’d
fince.

Q3 S-8-Ca
 SECT. Vi.

aN orumbeguas:
’

and: New England: South-

Whence de- YOrumbequa, lying between Nova Sctia Northward,
ngd Province,
| ward, is fo uteerly not taken noticeofby many asa difti
nominated.

Countreys bes
chat ic might feem to be fwallow’diupiand loft inthe two
tween which itlies, or atleaftto beithought a partof Virgin oriaNew England (for
Virginia,
Virginia largely taken is faid to contain New England, Novum Belgiam, and
accounved by
efpecially fo call’d) and that fo much the rather, becaule the ‘Beflabees,
near
Sanfon d’ Abbeville an ancient People of New England, are written to have iliv'’d
fome
the River Penobfcot, which is reckon’d to be the fame: with Pemtegovet, or (as
ame,
will have it) Norumbegua; from which,or from.a:certain great City of tharN
the Country’ for fancy’s fake mult needs *be denominated ; buti fince mofty com
follow
monly we find it nam’diadd treated!ofapart, iv will vot: beimproperto:
that method, carryingthe Bounds of ‘New England\no farther Northwardtham che
y?
ws
a
River Quinnebequt or Sagadahoc, and foiderermining the main part of this‘Countte
a frall Sou!
to that {pace between the aforefaid River and Pemtevovet, excepting
—
--

ee
ee
y
therly. :portion upon the Banks‘of the River Chovacovet , fo that: ic appears chiefl
fituate under the forty third Degree of Northern Latitude. 2 2 ue Few
tain cack
Towns ard
As fot the Towns or Cities of this Province, there! is! but avery nivcer
count to be given, forafimuch as the-pretended great City Norambegua,| fromowhence
Cities not
certainly

the Province fhould take its Appellation;-is not acknowledg'd' by any of che‘moft
known.

authentick: modern Writers, norin any late Voyage ot Difcoyery’ any ‘mention,
made cithet of that or any other contiderable Town or City Dr. Hejl fuppos
feth it tobe no other than Ageuncia, a poor liccle Village; thatileemsicompos'd ofa
company of Hutts or Sheaves, cover’d with the Skins of Beafts, or the Batks of
Trees. But the mot favourable cdtijeQure is, chat it'mighthaplybe the Raines
of an ancient Town, which the Natives call'd Arambeck, and had probably deferred
it long before the arrival of the Ewropears in thole parts y however; it’ isafot very,
probable that the Name of the Counvrey fhould be deriv’d from this City; if ever
there were any fuch, or from the River, which appears to have béen. term’d> No~
rumbegua on purpofe to make way for this derivation, whereas Pomtegovet is the ans
cient Appellation that properly belongs to it; nor hath any modern one been-ap-
ply’dto it but that of Rio Grande, by Buno in his Comment upon Philip Claverivs) upon
what ground is hard to tell, fince iv is obferv’d by Hleylin and others, to be neither
large, nor otherwife much to be commended, being Navigable notabove twenty
or thirty Miles, in refpect of its many great Cataracts and Fallsof Water)! an In-
convenience with which many other Rivers of America are prejudic’d, and'rendred
im paflable. | Lise TTS:
Before and about the Mouth ofthis River, which is judg’d to be abouit eight or
nine Miles broad, lie many fmall Tlands, or rather Hills, inviron’d with Water,
the chiefeft of which is by the French call’d La Haute Ifles from the high and Moun-
‘ tainous.appearance of it to thofe that fee it from afar off at Sea.
Theaforemention’d Buno, though he names, as belonging to Norumbega, thefe
feveral places, VIR; Porto del Refugio, Porto Reale, Paradifo, Flora, and Angolema, from
fome ob{cure French ceftimonies, without particularifing any Author, yet he after-
wards confefles, that the Names given by the French, and thofe apply’d by*the Spa-
niards, are fo various and difagreeing, and breed fuch a confufion, that no’ Charts
or Defcriptions had concluded upon either. | As
Chaps (i. AMER TOA 139
As for thofe who will have Norumbega deriv’d from Norwegia, in refped
t of aCo.
Jony brought. thither from Norwey,. if the Etymologie be! nota little too much
forc’d, the, lavention. may pafs well enough till.a betterbe found
: out.
...Am this, Countrey the temperature of the Airisinot bad,..nor the Soil
unfruicful, The tempe-
rature and
if it were well cultivated, chiefly towards the Rivers, and where
it is not either nature of irs
Soil,
oxergrown with Woods, or craggyiwith Hills/and mountainous Rocks: neither
are the Woods unprofitable, forthey, afford good Timber, and all kind of neceflary
and ufeful. Wood, efpecially Beeches, Fir-trees, Wallnut-trees, and other
Nuts :
The Plains are very pleafant, and yield good Pafturage, onély the Maritime Coafts
are fo fhallow and full of Sands, that the Sailing near them is accoun
ted fome-
what dangerous; and this may be imagin’d to:be the reafon that
no Authors have
yet met with.any Ports. or Havens tbelonging to this Countrey, which they have
thought worthy their, notices Aer} “

LLLELY OYALREL DAES EYCECE COeIeee Beene eto:

min 2 itaaamM vbookr0OPERA! Prop
“New. England.
bn S Canada is by, fome.accounted a general Province, containing New France,
A L’ Accadie, Norumbega, and other places, fo. under Virginia largely taken,
are
comprehended New England, New Netherlands, and Virginia properly fo
call’d ; however, fince that part.which yulgarly goes underthe Name of
Virginia
and New England were.poflels’d; if not difcover’d , at féveral times, and their Plan>
tations promoted and propagated upon feveral occafions, and by diftin& Interefts,
and fince New England hath been look’d upon asa place confiderable enough’ for
Perfons of very eminent quality to concern themfelves in ity we rather are induc’d
to confider this Countrey.as a principal part, than as any way depending on, or
being any Branch or Postion.of Virginias. }
It lies between Norumbega, which it hath Northward,and New Netherlands South- Situation of
ward, from forty one to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude, in the mid: of New
land,
Eng-

the temperate Zone,, and paralell co France. and-fome part of Italy in the Weftern
Hemilphere, fo that..one would think it fhould enjoy the fame temperature of
Air; but the contrary is found, for that part which borders upon the Sea is colder,
partly by reafon that.the Sea-waves break the reflexion of the Sun-beams, partly
by reafon of the abundance of Vapors, which mounting upward, abate the ardor
of them ; but the more Inland patts of che Countrey are indifferently warm :
Moreover it hath. been found by certain experience, that thofe Countreys: which
look towards the Eaft, or Sun-rifing, are colder than thofe which lie towards the
Weft, or Sun-fetting, and thofe that have the Evening Winds on them, warmer
than thofe which have the Morning Winds, which being fo, it fhould follow,
that the temperature of the Air in thofe Regions is peculiar to the Bodies of thofé
of our Nation, who being accuftom’d to.a Climate fomewhat temperate, are neis
ther able to endure extremity of Cold, nor immoderate Heat: Yet there are who
affirm, that New England, though fituate in the midft of the remperate Zone, nevers
thelefs feels both extremities of the two oppofite Zones,in the Summer the heat
of the Horrid, and in the Winter the cold of the Frigid. © |
As for the firft difcoverof
y this Countrey, it is not to be expected otherwife Firft difes
very,
r than
 14-0 AMERICA. Chap. ID.
than that of the difcovery of thofe other Countreys hitherto difcours’d of, that is
to fay very uncertain ; but becaufe the French boaft of Foannes Verrazanus (whothough
an Italian, was employ’d by the French King Francis the Firft) as the firft Difcoverer,
not onely of Nova Francia, as hath been already intimated, buc alfo of this Couns
trey and the adjoyning Coaft and Regions, we fhall not think it impertinent to
give from their own Relations, a brief view of his Voyage, and afterwards a parti-
cular Defcription of the Suglifh Plantations there, and of their Tranfactions, both
one with another, and between them and the Nations. The Narration of Verra-
zanus’s Voyage is as followeth : |

Remarkable “¢ (\N command of the French King Francis the Fitft, Jobn Verraxanus, Anno 1524.
fetting Sail Weftward from the Canary Ifles,difcover’d a low American Coatt,
Voyage of
Verrazanus, a
‘in thirty four Degrees North Latitude, inhabited by naked People, which be-
‘< hind the fandy Hills facing the Sea, Manur’d many fruitful Plains. Then Sail-
“ ing a hundred Leagues along the Shore Northerly, he view'd a Countrey full of
‘¢ Vines, which grew up amongft the Boughs of high Trees ; and Sailing upa
“ pleafant River, Landed on the Ifland Clandia, full of woody Mountains : thence
‘che ftood for the main Continent ; where after having vifited a King, Clad in
“ wrought Deer-skin, he Sail’d by a Bay, at whofe Mouth appear’da Rock in an
‘¢ Inlet, cwenty Leagues ; where appear’d five {mall Ifles, all of them exceeding
¢ fruitful. After this (being got a hundred and fifty Leagues to the Northward)
‘Che found very falvage People, whofe Heads appear’d through Bearsskins and
‘© Sea-Calves. Bythis time having Terreneuf on his Starboard, he return’d back to
“© Diepe.
Thus far Verrazanus made fome difcovery of the Coaft, which hath fince not
onely been farther infpeéted by the Englifh ,but alfo by them Planted and call’d _
New England. € |
The fetling of
This Countrey, whether firft difcover’d by the faid Verrazanus, or together
Plantations, with the reft of largely-taken Virginia, by Sit Walter Raleigh, or, as fome fay, by
Captain Gofnald, inthe Year 1602. was fo well known to the Englifh in the be-
ginning of King James’s Reign here, that the ferling and carrying on of Plantations
in this part of America, was vigoroufly promoted by manyof the moft eminent Per-
fons in England :.whereupon it was about the Year 1606. being the fourth Year of
the faid King, granted by Patent to feveral Lords, Knights, Gentlemen and Mer-
chants, under the denomination of The Plymouth (Company, both in favour of thofe
generous Spirits, who ftudied and endeavor'd the good of the Publick by foreign .
Plantations, and indulgence to thofe, who not well fatish’d with the Government
of Church and State, and willingly tranfporting themfelves and Families thither,
as to their Afjlum, could more conveniently be fpar’d than the berter affected part
of the People: And although the Colonies at firft fent over fucceeded not accord-
ing to expedtation, yet in a fhort time there Plantations were brought to very great
perfection. Captain Weimouth, who had been employ’d there by the Lord Arundel
of Warder, for the difcovery of the North-Weft Paflage, falling fhort of his Courfe,
hapned into a River on the Coaft of America, call’d Pemmaquid ; from whence he
brought five of the Natives for England, three of whofe Names were Mannida,
Skettwarroes,
and Tafquantum, and Landing at Plymouth, prefented them to Sir Ferdi-
nando Gorges, whom he made ufe of as Inftruments for the farther advancement of
thefe Plantations : they were all ofone Nation, but of feveral parts, and feveral
Families ; he kept them with him three years, and obferving in them an inclination
to vertuous Defigns, and Spirits above the Vulgar, he gain’d information from
them
 Chap: I. AMERICA. 14t
them what great Rivers ran up into the Land, what Men of note were feated on
them, what Power they were of, how Ally’d, what Enemies they had, and the
like; and taking fome light from thence, fent away a Ship, furnifh’d with Men,
and all kind of Neceflaries convenient for the Service intended, under the Com-
mand of Captain Henry Chatoung, a Gentleman of a good Family, and very capable
for Undertakings of this nature; and giving him fufficient Inftru€tions what to
do, fent along with him two of the faid Natives for his better Condu@ and Die
rection, ordering him by all means to keep the Northerly Gage as high as Cape
Briton, till they had difcover’d the Main, and then to beat it up to the Southward
as the Coaft tended, till they found by the Natives they were near the place to
which they were affign’d. By that time they were about a hundred Leagues off the
Ifland of Canara, the Captain fell fick of a Feavér, and the Winds being Wefterly,
his Company fhap’d their Courfe for the Indies, and coming to St. John de Porto
Rico, the Captain went afhore for the recovery of his Health, whilft the Company -
took in Water, and fuch other Provifions as they had prefent need of, and {pent
fome time-in Hunting, and other Recreations; after which fteering their intended
Courfe, they were met with by the Spanifh Fleet that came from the Havana, taken
Prifoners and carried into Spain, the Ship and Goods being confifcated, the Voyage
overthrown, and the Natives loft.
“Not long after the fetting
out of Chaloung, Thomas Flaman was fent by Sir Fobn
Popham, Lord Chief Juftice of England, towards the River of Sagadeboc, to the fuc-
cour of Chaloung, if need were ; but not finding him, after he had {cowr’d the Coaft
all about, he return’d back into England. ;
Captain Prine was likewife fent from Briftol, who artiving happily in thofe
Parts, brought back with him at his return the moft exa@ Difcovery of that Coaft
that ever had been gain’d till then.
A while after, at the Charge of the faid’Sir John Popham, a hundred Men were
fent to fettle a Colony at Sagadehoc, under the Command of George Popham, Raleigh
Gilbert, Mafter of the Ship, who feated themfelves in a Peninfula, at the Mouth of
this River ; which attempting to difcover, they met with a Wood near to an Iflands:
diftant from the Line about forty five Degrees, and fome odd Seconds, where they
eafily went on Shore. In the Year 1608. the Commander of the Colony deceafing,
and not long after him the Lord Chief Juftice, who had been the chief that had
furnifh’d them with frefh Supplies, they return’d for England in thofe Ships that
had been fent them with Succours: At which unexpedted return, the Patrons of
the Defign were fo offended, that for a certain time they defifted from their Enter-
prizes. Inthe mean while the French making ufe of this occafion, Planted Colo.
nies in divers places, when Sir Samuel Argal from Virginia difturb’d their Defigns,
and brought away Prifoners all he could lay hold on. |
Suddenly after Captain Hobfon and divers others were fet out with very great
Prepatations, and with them twoof the Natives which had been detain’d fot
fome time in England, whom they thought to havé made ufe of, the better todraw
the reft of the Natives totheir Commerce ; but becaufe a little before twenty four
of them had been treacheroufly dealt with by one Hunt, they contracted from
thence fo great an animofity towards the Englifh, that Captain Hob/on was con-
- ftrain’d to return without effe@ing any thing. aau
In the Year 1614. Captain fobn Smith being fent to Fifh for Whales, and {eek af-
ter Mines of Gold and Silver, Landed upon the Ifland of Monabiggan, where he
found fome ftore of Whales, but not fuch as thofe by whofe Oyl they ufe to make
fo much profit. . cee |
About
 t AMERICA, Chap. I.
of Capawick,
About the fametime (two of the Natives being recover’d, Expenow
one of thofe
that had efcap’d from Captain Hobfon, and Affacumet of Pemmaguid,
faries con-
that had beentaken Prifoners with (haloung) Captain Harly, with Necef
,the Earl of
venient for fuch a Voyage, was difpatch’d away by Sit Ferdinando Gorges
Land-Soldiers
Southampton favouring the Defign, and furnifhing him with fome
former ill
under the Command of Captain Hobfon, who not difcourag’d with his
|
Succefs, refolv’d upona fecond Adventure.
Parts by
In the Year 1615. Sit Richard Hakings undertook a Voyage into thofe
great Wars
authority of the Council of the fecond Colony, but by reafon of the
farther
among the Natives, his Obfervations could not be fuch as might give any
7
light than what had been already receiv'd.
and
Soon after which Captain Dormer coming for England from New-found-Land,
ch’d
Landing at Plymouth, apply’d himfelf to the Governor, by whom he was difpat
; but Ro-
away, with Direction to meet Captain Rocroft, fent away'a little before
where he
croft being dead by that time Dormer could come after him to Virginia,
heard he was, he returning to (apawick, was there fet upon by Erpenow, the fore-
n
mention’d Salvage, and other, Indians that were Confpirators with him ; and withi
s he rex
a fhort while after at Virginia, whither he went to be cur’d of the Wound
: |
| i ceiv’d in that Aflafination, he fell fick and died.
.ial
;=
a“=<

1623. Captain Robert Gorges, newly come out of*the |Venetian

——
—
=
es
-—

About the Year

Lieutenant-
War, was employ’d by the Council of New Englands Affairs as the
i we
ion
: : '

who
General, to regulate the Abufes of divers Fifheremen and other Interlopers,
|

it
!

without Licenfe frequented thofe Coafts : for which Service he had affign’d to him
7 it

ih of the
all that part of the main Land fituate upon the North-Eaft fide of the Bay.
| 3
Meffachafets.
By thefe feveral Colonies fent fo thick one after another, both a full Difcovery
fion
‘of the Countrey came to be made, anda large gap open’d to the free. poffef
thereof ,. yet in regard of the many difappointments and misfortunes the feveral
Companies fent over met with, and counting the vaft Charges their fetting forth
coft the Undertakers, which would have been ftill increas’d by the need of conti-
nu’d Supplies, in all probability New England would have been but thinly peopled
to this day, had not a great Tide of People, poffefs’d with an averfion to the
Church-Government of England, and fled into Holland for Liberty of Confcience, ea~
gerly, taken hold of this opportunity to make themfelves'Mafters of theit own
Opinions, and of a Place where they might erect a Government fuitable theres
unto: and though at firft there were fome Exceptions taken, as if this Countrey
was to be made a Receptacle of Seétaries, and fuck as condemn’d the Ecclefiaftical
Government of the Nation, infomuch that Sir Ferdinando Gorges, to whom they ap-
ply’d themfelves, defiring him to mediate for them to the Council of New Englands
Affairs, when they perceiv’d the Authority they had from the Virginia Company,
could not warrant their abode there, had enough to do (notwithftanding his
Apology, That thefe things hapned contrary to his expetkation) to wipe away the. jea-
loufie which. was entertain’d of him, it being Order’d, that no more fhould be (ufs
fer’d to pafs into New England, but fuch as fhould tathe ke Oaths of Allegiance and
Supremacy: yet at laft there was little notice taken who went, perhaps upon con-
fideration , that the vaft refort of People thither would be of greater adyantage to
the Plantations; than their different Opinions, at fo remote a diftance, could be pre
judicial, fo long as they acknowledg’d. Obedience to the King and Civil Power :
However, Sir Ferdinando, to clear himfelf the better, mov’d thofe Lords that were
- the chief AGors in the Bufinefs, to refign their Grand Patent to the King, and pals
particul ar
 Chap. I. AMERICA.
particular Patents to themfelves of fuch part of
145
the Countrey along the Sea-Coaft, :
as might be fufficient for them : To this Motion
there being a general Affent given
by the Lords, and a Day appointed for the conclufion thereof,
an A&t was made
for the Refignation of the Patent, alloting to each
Man their feveral Bounds.
From
the uttermoft parts began the Limits of the Lord Mong
rave, and ended at Hudfon’s
River. To the Eaftward of which River, for the {pace
of fixty Miles in length,
was plac’d the Duke of Richmond’s Affignment : Next
to him was fetled the Farl
of Carlile: Next himthe Lord Edward Gorges: Next the Marq
uefs of Hamilton:
Then Captain John Mafon: And laftly his own, which exte
nded to the great River
Sagadehoc, being fixty Miles, and fo up into the Main
Landa hundred and twenty
Miles, which he was pleas’d to call by the Name of The Province of Main.
The Landing of the Englifh in Plymouth Plantation was
very much facilitated by
the great Mortality that hapned amongit the Indians abou
t that time, amongft the
Pecods, Narragan fets, Nianticks, Tarantines, Wippanaps, and thofe of Abarg
ini, Agiffawang,
and Pockanekie, their Powwows, or Doctors, feeing with
amazement their Wigwams,
or Streets, lie full of dead Bodies, andin vain expecting
help from Squantam their
good, or Abbamoch their bad God. Not long before, that blaz
ing Comet, fo much
talk’d of in Europe, apppear’d after Sun-fetting in their Hori
zon South-Weft for the
{pace of thirty Sleeps, (for fo they reckon their Days).
They Landed at firft
with little or no refiftance, a handful of Men onely bein
gfent before to keep
pofleffion for their Companions, who arriv’d eight days
after ; when the Natives
appearing with their Bowes and Arrows, let flie their long Shaf
ts amongft them .
whereupon one Captain Miles Standifh with his Fowling-piec
e fhot the ftouteft
Sachem amongft the Indians, as he was reaching an Arrow from
his Quiver ; which
the reft feeing, fled into the Woods and Thickets.
The fame Year the Merchant-Advenurers in England {ent forth ftore
of Servants to
provide againftthe Wantsof that place; amongft: whom came over
a mix’d Mule
titude, who fetled themfelves in the Bofom of the Cape now
call’d Gloucefter
About the Year 1631. there fled to the Englifh at Water-town the Indian
s that dwelt
thereabouts, for protection againft the Tarratines, a fort of cruel
and falvage Canni-
~ bals, by whom near the Town of Saugujt, inthe very dead’ time
of the Night, one
Lieutenant Walker being ona fudden alarm’d, was fhot through
his Coat and Buff
Jacket with two Indian Arrows. That Night the Englifh ftood upon
theit Guard,
and the next Morning fent word to other parts; who gather’d
together, and
taking coun{el {how to quit themfelves of thefe Indians, agreed to difch
arge their
_ great Guns ; whole redoubled noife,ratling in the Rocks, ftruck terror into
the Indi-
ans, and caus’d them to betake themfelves to flight. The Autumn follo
wing, others
of the Indians, who till then had held a good correfpondence with the Plant
ers, be.
gan to quarrel about the Bounds of their Land ; but a great Mortality,
by the ra-
ging of the Small-Pox, breaking out amongft them, put anen
d to that Contro-
verfie: There died amongftthe reft one of the chief of the Sagamores of the
Matta-
chufets, call’d Sagamore Fobn, who before his Death had been inftru@ed in
the Chri-
ftian Faith, and took care that his two Sons fhould be nurtur’d
therein.
In the Year 1635, there artived feveral Ships with great plenty of Provif
ions,
and many Perfons of good Quality, and amongft the reft: Sir
Henry Vane.
The fame Year the People of Cambridge, otherwife call’d New-town, heari
ng of a
fertile place upon the River Caneético,remov'd thither,and ere@ted a new
Corporati-
_ on by the Name of Baneético, being encourag’d thereunto by the Lord Say ‘and
the
Lord Brooks,and planting a Forreft at the mouth of the River,call’d it Saybro
ok Forre/t.
About the Year 1638. the Pequods, a ftout and Warlike Nation, lying
to the
: ~ South-
 AMERICA. Chap. I.
South-Welt of the Mattachufets, were dilcover’d upon their March within fome few
Miles of Hartford :Their coming very much terrifi’d all that inhabited therea-
bouts; but they took onely three Women and return’d; one of whom making a
violent refiftance, bad her Brains beaten out ; the other two they carried away with
them, without abufing their Perfons, as it was fuppos’d they would, for they
efteem’d their own Shaws, being black, beyond our Women. Their chief Defign
was to learn to make Gunpowder ; which feeing they could not effect, they look’d
upon their Prize as nothing fo precious as they imagin’d. ,
A little after another Indian War threatning the Englifh, they refolv’d together to
fend an Ambaflador to Cannonicus, chief Sachem of the Naraganfits, endeavofing to
prevent him from confederating with the Pequods, who (as they had Intelligence)
were about fending to him to joyn with them : Cannonicus being grown old, had re-
fign’d the Government to his Nephew Mantinemo, a {tern Man, and of a cruel Na-
ture. The Ambafladors arriving at his Court, which was about eighty Miles from
Bofton, the Indian Prince aflembled his chief Councellors, and having Entertain’d |
the Ambafladors Magnificently, and Feafted them Royally, gave them Audience in
his State-houfe ; where the Sachem, to manifeft his greater State, lay along upon
the Ground, with all his Nobility fitting about him, with their Legs doubled up,
and their Knees touching their Chin: The Englifh Interpreter having made his
Speech in the Name of the reft, both Cannonicus and the young King gave difcreet
An{wers, fignifying their Refolutions to keep a fair Correfpondence with the Eng-
lifh, and yet not to fall out with the Pequods : Who a little after making alfo their
Addreffes to the fame King,hediflwaded them by many Reafons from making War
with the Englifh, and.to deliver into their hands thofe Perfons that had murther’d
any of them. The Pequods neverthelefs, though they feem’d inclinable to his Coun-
fel, yet they acted as Enemies; for when the Bnglifh {ent a Company of Soldiers
into their Countrey to treat with them about delivering up the Murtherers, they
made-fhew. of willingnefs, but fpying their advantage, betook themfelves to
their Heels, and whomfoever they took ftragling by furprife, they revil’d and in-
fulted over in a moft cruel manner, vilifying the (briftian Religion, and uttering all
the Blafphemies they could invent. Whereupon they rais‘d frefh Souldiers for the
War, tothe number of fourfcore, out of the feveral Towns in the Mattachufets, and
with fome Indian Guides came to their Fort, within which they had pitch’d their
Wigwams, the Entrance being on two fides, with intricate Meanders toenter ; at
which were plac’d Indian Bowe-men, who fhot the foremoft of the Englifh, yet they’
had little to boaft of in the end, for the Englifh rufhing in through the winding
Ways, and placing themfelves round the Wigwams, made a very profperous Shot,
by dire@ting the Muzzles of their Mufquets againft the Indians which lay fleeping
onthe Ground: In the midft of which rouzing terror and confufion they were
defeated with little ado, moft of them being either wounded, kill’d, or taken.
The Englifh thus animated with the firft Vidtory, fend their Prifoners to the Pinnas
ces, and profecute the War in Hand, marching againft the next Body of the Indians,
which lay Encamp’d on a Hill about two Miles diftant, where they gave thema
fecond Overthrow, flaying many more than in the firft Engagement ; the reft flying
toa very thick inacceffible Swamp or Bog, were there befieg’d by the Englifh; and
skulking up and down, as they faw their opportunity they would Shoot at them
with their Arrows, and then fuddenly fall flat along in the Water; at laft the Eng.
lifh finding out a Paflage into the Swamp, utterly defeated them, and put an end
to the War with the lofs of few Mens Lives, and not many wounded,
In the Year 1640. there came over a frefh Supply of People into New England, and
; finding
 Chap. H., AMERICA. 145
finding no place to fettleinwithin any of the former erected Colonies, they res
pair’d toa place call’d Long Iland, fever’d from the Continent of New- Haven, about
fixty Miles off the Sea.
The Year following the four Colonies, namely the Maffachu/ets, Plymouth, (%
nettico,and New-Haven, taking into confideration the many Nations that were
onall
fides of them, as the French, Dutch, Jews, and native Indians ; asalfo how
the three
firft went to lay claim to Landsthey never had any right to, and the laft to be con-
tinually quarrelling and contending, where they {aw any hopes of prevailing, by
Commiflioners chofen from the re{peétive Colonies, concluded a firm Confede-
ration to affift each other in all yuftand lawful’Wars ; upon which there came
in
certain Indian Sachems, as Pombam, Miantonemo, Soccanocoh, and Uncas, who not
onely
fubmitted to the English Government, but alfo, if occafion were, in
matters of
Controverfie fubmitted to their Arbitration : But the Conteft between Wianto.
nemo and Uncas was too hot to be appeas’d, (though the English were not
wanting to
interpofe) unlefs by the Blood of one of them, as will appear by the Confequence :
Uncas was a Prince of For, whofe Life Miantonemo, though a much more potent
Prince, fought to take away by treachery, hiring a young Man of the Pequod Nae
tion to murther him, as the following Story renders fufpected;
for one dark
Evening this Sachem pafling from one Wigwam to another, was Shot through
the
Arm with an Arrow ; but recovering the Palace, had the Arrow pull’d out, and
his Arm cur’d: the young Manthat was fulpected being examin’d, how he came
by that great fore of Wampompeage which was found about him, and being able to
give no good account, it increas’d the fufpicion, and induc’d Uncas to complain to
the English at a General Court held at Bofton: Whereupon the young Man was
Examin’d in the prefence of Miantonemo, who came thither with his Attendants ;
but the young Man tutor’d, as fuppos’d, by Miantonemo, pretended that Uncas had
enjoyn’d him to feign chat he was: hit’d by Miantonemo to kill him » To which Tale
of his little belief being given, it was concluded upon farther Examination of him
in. private that he had done the Fad: neverthelefs they let him depart with Mianto-
nemo, advifing him to fend him hometo Uncas ; but he in ftead of returning him cut
off his Head, and forthwith gather’d an Army ofa thoufand Men to fight with
Uncas ; who met him withhalfthe Men: the Battel being joyn’d, the Narraganfets;
though the far greater multitude, were beaten by the Wawhiggins, through the Va-
lour of Uncas their Prince; who perfected his Victory by poffefing himfelf of the \
Perfon of Miantonemo, whom, having put his Life-guard to flight, he carried away
with him in triumph to the Town of Hartford, defiting to have the advice of the
United Colonies what to do with his Prifoner : Whereupon the Commiffioners
having had fufficient proof of Miantonemo’s treachery towards this Prince, advis’d
Uncas to put him to death, but not to exercife that barbarous kind of cruelty which
is ufual amongft them in thefe Cafes. The Sachem, upon this advice, not long after
pretended to remove him to a fafer place, but by the Way caus’d him to be Execu-
ted: His Subjeé&ts and Kindred were troubled at his Death, but the little Princes
his Neighbors, over whom he had tyranniz’d, rather rejoyc’d.
Inthe Year 1645. the Sons of old Canonaicus, their Father being dead, began to
fall into hot Contentions with their Neighbors, and being forbidden by the United
Colonies, they did not ftick to threaten Wars to the Englifh alfo. Whereupon the
Commisfioners rais’d an Army of Horfe and Foot, and made Major General
Edward Gibbons Commander in Chief over them. But the Indians hearing of this
Preparation, fent fome of their chief Nobility to the Commiffioners of the United
Colonies, who were aflembled at Bofton, to Treat about Peace; to which the
ee. R Commil-
 AMERICA. Chap. Il.
pay a part of the Charges of
Commiffioners agreed, upon condition they fhould
Sons for Hoftages till che Sum
the War; and that they fhould fend four of their
Wapom was all paid, the two
was paid; and the Hoftages being fent back before the
pany of Armed, Men to des
Princes, Peficus and Mexanimo, upon the fending a Com | |
mand it, fent the remainder of the Money.
their Eftates upon an Iron
tn the Year 1647. divers Perfons.of Quality ventur'd
the Owners littlerather wafting |
_ Millwhich they began at Braintree, but it proficed
e, being double or treble to
their Stock, the price of Labor in matters of that natur ;
| .
what it is im England.
by any one which
Thefe are the moft materiak Tranfadiions we find deliyer’d
ion’d ; whathath hapned _
hapned from the firft difcovery till the Year before ment in ~
lutions that. have.been
from that time to this, chiefly relates to the (everal Revo Go-
to {peak ‘of the
England, and fhall be therefore taken notice of when we come
vernment of thefe Plantations. | P .
*

in thofe
|

Though there ate, who having remain’d fome time, and been concern’d
. .
(i
ee of
m4
2
| modities te A .
and
jr
fruitful as it is beliew’d
this Cou Parts, afirm the Soil of New England.to be nothing fo
per to give a brief account of
ih trey,together
||he yee ado. commonly deliver'd to be, yet we think it notimpro
odities
4 Mii Pius the Trees and other Plants; alfo the Beafts, Birds, Fifhes, and other Comm
rey, efpecially
which moft Writers will have to be the production of this Count
er in the Language
| fince we find'them compaétly fumm’d up by an unknown Writ
the Cedar,
i
| of the Mufes. The recital of the Plants and Trees, which (excepting
grow in. Bu-
Pi : Saffafras, and Dyers Sumach) are all of the fame kind with thofe that
of them declare,
rope, onely differing in nature, according as the Epithets of many
is as follows :
| |
4| | | }
Tees both in Hills and Plains in plenty be; >. \ The knotty Maple, pallid Birch, Hawthorns ;
‘ |tt that to be cloven fcorns ;
| Vi The long-liv’d Oak, and mournful Cyprefs Tree; \ The Horn-bound Tree,
Skie-towring Pines, and Chefauts coated rough 5 Which from the tender Vine oft takes bis Spoufe,
i ih:
The lafting Cedar, “with the Walnut tough, + Who twines embracing Arms about his ‘Boughs.
Utah he rd Fruits be fome ;
| The Rozen-dropping Fir,for Maft inufe; (Sprewfe; Within this Indian Orcha
The Boat-men [eek for. Oars light, neat grown The ruddy (berry, and the jetty Plumb;
i)
ait om The brittle Afh, the. everetrembling Alps 5. Snake-murthering Hazle, with fweet Saxafrage,
hot Feavers rages
by The brodd-[pread Elm, whofe Concave harbors Whofe Leaves in Beer allay
be,
ae The Water-{pungy Alder,good for nought, (Wafps; The Dyers Shumach, with more Trees there
:: Small Eldern by the Indian Fletchers fought; That are both good to ufe, and rare to fee.
a7
Se
--|-
sSS

The Beafts peculiar to this Countrey are the Moofe, the Rackoon, and the Mifs
a~
..

eer
a
-a

———
——
Beafis:
quafh , the two firlt Land-Animals, the laft Amphibious, which with others com-
~~"
==

mon to them with us) are thus verfifi'd by the abovefaid Author +

The Kingly Lyon, and the firongearm'd Bear; Left red-ey'd Ferrets, wily. Foxes fhould,
The large. limb’d Moofes, with the tripping Deer ; Them undermine, ifRamper'd but with. Mold ; |
Quill-darting Porcupines, that Rackoons be - : The grim-fac'd Ounce, and ray'nous bowling Wolf,
(aftled ith? hollow of an aged Tree _ Whofe meagre Paunch [ucks like afwallowing Gulph;
The skipping Squirrel, Rabbet, purblind Hare, Black glittering Otters, and rich Coated Beaver ;
Immured in the felf-[ame Caftle are, ; The Civetefcented Mu[quash /melling ever.

Of fuch of thefe as are altogether unknown to us, take thefe brief De(criptions.
The of? The Beaft call’d a Moofe, is not much unlike red Deer, and isas big as an Ox,
flow of Foot, Headed like a Buck, witha broad Beam, fome being two Yards
| wide.
 | Chap. II. AMER IC A.
wide in the Head, their fleth is as good as
147
Beef, their Hides good for Clothing
if chefe were kept tame, and accuftom’d to the
Yoke, they would be a great Com- ———.
—s-

modity : Firft, becaufe they are fo fruitful, a

bringing forth three at a time, being ~~.

likewife very uberous : Secondly, becaufe they will live in Wint

—————

Fodder. ‘There are not many of thefe in the MajfJ

er without any
achu/ets Bay, but forty Miles to the ——

North-Eaft there are great ftore of them.

The Rackoone is a deep Furt’d Beaft, not much unli
ke a Bad ger, having a Tail The Rackoon. ————

like a’ Fox, as good Meat asa Lamb: Thefe Be

afts. in the day time fleep in hollow
Trees, in a Moon-fhine night they goto feed on
—

Clams at a low Tide, by the —

Sea fide, where the Engli/h hunt them with their Dogs
.
The Mufquafh is much like a Beaver for th ape, but nothing near fo big; the pe mf
_ Male hath two Stones, which f{mell as {weet as
—- ==--

Musk, and being kill’d in Winter,

never lofe their fweet {mell : ‘Thefe Skins are no bigger than
ee

a Coney-skin, yet
are fold for five Shillings apiece , being fent
for Tokens into England ; one good
Skin will perfume a whole houfe full of Clothes,
if it be right and good. -_= —

The Birds both common and peculiar are thus

recited.
—

_ The Princely Eagle, and the [oaring Hawk,
Whom in their unknown ways there’s none can chawk:
Lhe Humbird forfome Queens rich Cage more fit,
Than in the vacant Wilderne/s to ae
The fwift-wingd Swallow Sweeping to and fro,
As fwift as Ariow from Tartarian Bowe,
When as Aurota’s Infant day new Springs,
There th’ morning mountin ig Lark her{weet lays fings;
The harmonious Thrufh, fwift Pigeon, Turtleedove,
Who to her Mate doth ever conftant prove :
The Turky-Phea/ant, Fleath-cock,Partridge rare,
The Carrim-tearing Crow, and hurtful Stare,
The long-bw'd Raven, th’ominous Screech-Ovwl,
Who tellsjas old Wives Jy, difafters foul.
canna
The drowfie Madye that leaves her day-lov’d Neft,
And loves to rove, when Day-birds be at reft :
Th’ Eel-murthering Flearn, and greedy Cormorant,
That near the Creeks in morifh Marfhes haunt.
The bellowing Bittern, with the long-leg’d Crane,
Prefaging Winters hard, and dearth of Grain.
The Silver Swan that tunes her mournful breath,
To fing the Dirge of her approaching death,
The tattering Oldwives, and the cackling Geefe,
The fearful Gull that fhuns the murthering Peece.
The ftrong-wing’d Mallard, with the nimble Teal,
And ill-{hape't Loon who bis har{h Notes doth Squeal.
There Widgins, Sheldrakes and Humilitees ,
Snites, Doppers,Sea-Larks,in whole million flees.

Of nefe the Humbird, Loon, and Humility are not to be pafs'

d by without parti
cular opfervation,
_ Tht Hambirdis one of the wonders
of the Countrey, being no bigger than a ,,,.°™™
ee hath all the Dimenfions of a Bird, as Bill, and Wings with Quills, Spi-
derelj le Legs, {mall Claws : for Colour, the is as glorious as the
Rain-bow; as fhe
flies, [he makes a little humming noife like a Humble-bee, wherefore fhe is
call’d
the Fumbird.
1€ Loon is an ill-fhap’d thing like a Cormorant, but that he can neither GONOL The Loom,
flie, he maketh a noife fometimes like Sowgelders Horn. The Humilities
or Sim- lity,,,7*##” ""
ar Sim-
plicites (as we may rather call them) are of two forts, the biggeft being as large asa pliisy,
grem Plover; the other as big as Birds we call Knots in England. Such is the
fim-
ot of the {mailer forts of thefe Birds, that one may drive them on a heap like
fomany Sheep, and feeing a fit time fhoot them ; the living feeing the dead, fettle
thmfelves on the fame place again, amongft which the Fowler difcharges again :
_ Tiefe Birds.are tobe had upon Sandy Brakes, at the latter end of Summer before
the Geefe come in. .
No lefs PoeticalaA of Fare is brought of the Fifh on the SeasCoafts,
and inthe gimes.
_FiversofNew England in thefe fubfequent Vertes,
f R 2 The
 14.8 AMERICA.
The King of Waters, the Sea fhoulderingWhale,
The fnuffing Grampys, with the Oily Seale,
The-ftorm prefaging Porpus, Herring-Fiog,
Line-fhearing Shark, the Catfifh, and Sea Dog,
The Scale-fenc'd Sturgeon, wry-mouth’d Hollibut,
The flounfing Salmon, Codfifh, Greedigut :
Cole, Haddock Hage ,the Thornback,and the Scate,
Whofe flimy outfide makes him feld in date,
The ftately Baf’, old Neptune's fleeting Po/t,
That Tides it ont and in from Sea to Coaft.
Conforting Elerrings, and the bonny Shad,
Big-belly’d Alewives, Mackrills richly clad
Chap. IL.
With Rainbow colours, Froftfifh and the Smelt,
As good as ever Lady Guftus felt.
The fpotted Lamprons, Eels, the Lamperies, .
That (eck frefh Water-Brooks with Argus Eyes,
—‘Thefe watery V illagers, with thoufands more,
Do pafs and repajs near the verdant Shore.
Kinds of Shell-fifh.
The lufcious Lobjter, with the (rabfish raw,
The brinish Oyfter, Mufcle, Pertwigge,
And Tortoife fought for by the Indian Sqaw,
Which to the Flats dance many a Winters Jigge,
To dive for Cocles, and to dig for Clams,
Whereby her laxie Husbands guts she crams.

Firft the Seal, which is

_ The Seal, To {peak of the moft unufual of thefe forts of Fifh ,
between Flefh
call’d the Sea-Calf, his Skin is cood for divers ules, his Body being
the Stomack ;
and Fifh, it is not very delectable to the Palate, or congruent with
deal.
his Oil is very good to burn in Lamps, of whichhe affords a great
as'a Horfe, with three
The Shark is a kind of Fifh as big as a Man, fome as big
The Shark.
er the Fifhermans
rows of Teeth within his Mouth, with which he {naps afund
a Manshand if ic be
Lines, if he be not very circamf{pe&d: This Fifh will leap at
if he be Swimming;
over board, and with his Teeth {nap off aMans Leg or Hand
of Land.
thefe are often taken, being good for nothing but Manuring
two yards long,
The Hellibut. The Hollibut isnot much unlike a Pleace or Turbut, fome being
thefe of little efteem,
and one wide, 2 Foor thick; the plenty of better Fifth makes
thefe Hollibuts be
except the Head and Finns, which Stew’d or Bak’d is very good ; rok
little fet by while Baffe is in feafon.
and though Menare foon
The Baffe, The Baffe is one of the beft Fifhes in the Countrey ,
fat, faft
weary’d with other Fifh, yet are they never with Baffe, itis a delicate, fine,
Marrow, fweet
Fifth, having a Eone in hi: Head which contains a Sawcerful of
Whenthere be
and good, pleafant to the Palate, and wholfom to the Stomack :
s for Winter,
great ftore of t'xm, we only eat the Heads, and Salt up the Bodie
, and fone four
which exceeds Ling or Haberdine : Of thefe Fifhes fome are three
Foot long, fome bigger, fome lefler ; at fome Tides a Man may catch a dbzen of
ana Line:
twenty of thete in three hours; the way to catch them is with Hook
of Lobfter,
The Fifherman taking a great Cod:line, to which he fafteneth a piece
knoks het
throws it into the Sea, the Fifh biting at ic, he pulls her cohim, and
on the head with a Stick.
Aewiugs, Alewives are a kind of Fifh which is much like a Herring, which in the latir end
ine
of April come up to the frefh Rivers to Spawn, in fuch multitudes as is almet
credible, preffing up in fuch fhallow Waters as will {carce permit them to Svim,
having likewife fuch longing defire after the frefh Water Ponds, that no beaings
t\ the’
with Poles, or forcive agitations by other devices, will caufe them to return }
oa
Sea, till they have caft their Spawn.
_ tlamms ot Clamms ox Clamps, axe a Shell-fifh not much unlike a Cockle, they lie undér the
Sand, and have every one of them a round hole to take Air, and receive \Wa-
Clamps.

ter at. When the Tide ebbs and flows, a Man running over thefe Clamm banks will
prefently be made all wet, by their {pouting of Water out of thofe fmall holé:
Thefe Fifhes are in great plenty in molt places of the Countrey, which is a gret
Commodity for the feeding of Swine, both in Winter and Summer ; for bein!
onc
Chap. II. AMER IC A. 14.9
once usd to thofe places, they will repair to them as duly every Ebb, as if they
were driven to them by Keepers : In fome places of the Countrey there be Clamms
as big as a Peny white Loaf, which are great Dainties amongft the Natives, and
would be in great efteem amongft the English, were it not for better Fifth.”
Other Commodities which this Countrey is faid to yield, are,indown-right
Profe, Furrs, Flax, Linnen, Iron, Pitch, Mafts, Cables, and fome quantity of Am-
ber ; fo that if what many Authors have confented to aflert concerning New Eng-
land be nota meer Fiétion, what e’re hath been affirm’d of the unfruitfulnefs of the
Country will demonftrably be found invalid. ei
There are alfo to be found here fome hurtful Creatures, of which, that com.
which is moft injurious to the Perfon and Life of a Man is the Rattle-Snake,
which is generally a yard and’a half long, as thick in the middle as the {mall ofa
Mans Leg; fhe hatha yellow Belly, her Back being {potted with black, ruffer,
yellow, and green colours, plac’d like Scales; at her Tail is a Rattle, with which
fhe makes a noife when fhe is molefted, or when fhe feeth any approach near her,
her Neck feems to be no thicker than a Mans Thumb, yet fhe can fwallow a
Sguirril, having a great wide Mouth, with Teeth as fharp as Needles, wherewith
fhe biteth {uch as tread upon her, her Poyfon lyeth in her Teeth, for fhe hath no
Sting. -When any Man is bitten by any of thefe Creatures, the Poyfon fpreads fo
fuddenly through the Veins, and fo runs to the Heart, that in one hour it caufeth
Death, ‘unlefs he hath the Antidote to expel the Poyfon, which is a Root call’d
Snake-weed, which muft be champ’d, the Spittle fwallow’d, and the Root apply’d
to the Sore ; this is prefent Cure againft that which would be prefent death with-
out it: This Weed is rank Poyfon, if it be taken by any man that is not bitten;
whofoever is bitten by thefe Snakes, his flefh becomes as {potted as a Leopard, un-
tilhe be perfectly cur’d. It isreported, that ifthe Party live that is bicten, che Snake
will die, and ifthe Party die, the Snake will live. This is 2 moft Poyfonous and
dangerous Animal, yet nothing fo bad as the report goes of it in England; for
whereas it is faid to kill a Man with its breath, and that it can flie, there is no fuch
matter, for it is naturally the moft fleepy and umnimble Creature that lives, never
offering to leap or bite any Man, if it be not trodden on firft; and it is their defire
in hot weather to lie in Paths, where the Sun may fhine on them, where they will
fleep fo foundly, that I have known four Men ftride over one of them, and never
awake it; five or fix Menhave been bitten by them, which by ufing of Snake-weed
were all curd, never any yet lofing his life by them. Cows have been bitten, but
being cut in divers places,and this Weed thruft into their flefh,were cut’d; A fmall
Switch will eafily kill one of thefe Snakes. In many placesofthe Country there be
none of them, as at Plymouth, New-town, Igowamme, Nahant, ec. In fome places they
will live on one fide of the River, and {wimming but over the Water, as foon as
they are come into the Woods, they turn up their yellow Bellies and die. Up into
the Countrey, Weftward from the Plantations, is a high Hill,which is call'd Rattle
Snake-Hill, where there are great ftore of thefe Poyfonous Creatures.
, There are likewife troublefome Flies.
Firft there is a wild Bee or Wafp, which commonly guards the Grape, building
by Cobweb habitation amongft the Leaves: Secondly a great green Flie, not
much unlike our Horfe-Flies in England; they will nipp fo fore, that they will
fetch Blood either of Man ot Beaft, and are moft troublefome where moft Cattel
are, which brings them from out of the Woods to the Houfes ; this Flic continues
but for the Moneth of June. The third is Gurnipper, which is a {mall black Flie, no
bigger than a Flea, her biting caufeth an itching upon the Hands or Face, which
| - R 3 provoketh
 AMERICA. Chap. Il.
; this Flie is bufie but in clofe
provoketh fcratching, which is troublefome to fome
three Weeks ; the leaft Wind or
Mornings os Evenings, and continues not above our Gnats ip
h is not unlike to
heat expelsthem. The fourth is a Musketor, whic
Swamps, there are none or ve-
England; in places where there is no thick Woods or
ry few. Inthe new Plantati ons they are troublefome for the firft year, but che
Wind, heat or cold, fo
Wood decaying they vanifh: Thefe Flies cannot endure many that
troublefome in clofe thick Weather,and againft Rain,
that thefe are only
Faces and Hands {well.
are bitten will fall a {cratching, whereupon their
to be confider’d ac-
As touching the Nature of the ancient Inhabitants, they are
inhabit to the Eaft-and
cording to their feveral Shires or Divifions ;thofe that
; thefe in the Southern parts
North-Eaft bore the name of Churchers and Tarrenteens
étacuts and Mowhacks ;
were call’d Pequods, and Narraganfets ;thofe Weftward, Conne
to the North-Weft, of whom were the Aberginians.
h were wont to
The Mowhacks were ever accounted a cruel blondy People, whic
bruitifh Savagenefs, {poil-
come down upon their poot Neighbors, with more than
hing Women, yea very
ing their Corn, burning their Houfes, flaying Men, ravif
another before his
(anibals they were, fometimes eating on a Man one patt after d
of a Mowhack woul
Face, and while yet living; infomuch, that the very Name
/h on their fides to
{trike the Heart of a poor Aberginian dead, till they had the Engli
they dare not meddle
fuccor them ; for thefe inhumane Homicides confefs,that
mouth’d Weapon.
with a white Fac’d Man, accompany'd with his hote
grim Vifages , flender Wafted,
Thefe Indians are a People of tall Stature , long
their ftrength
and having exceeding great Arms and Thighs, wherein they fay
a Dog with a fil-
lieth ;which is fuch, that one of them hath been known to kill
and eat him to his Dins
lip of his Finger, and afterwards to have flead and fod him,
other Indians
ner. They are fo hardy, that they can eat fuch things as would make
ce Hunger and main-
fick to look upon ; being defticute of Fifh and Flefh, they fuffi
hunt after, is
tain Nature with the ufe of Vegetatives; but that which they moft
Habitations,not
the fleth of Man: Their cuftom is,if they get a ftranger near their
feeding
to Butcher him immediately, but keep him in as good plight as they can, |
him with the beft Vidtuals they have.
which proceeds
Thefe Indians are more defperate in Wars than the other Indians,
themfelves
not only from the Gercene(s of their Natures, bucalfo in that they know
and Barks
to be better Arm’d and Weapon’d ; all of them wearing Sea Horfe Skins
ng Head-
of Trees, made by their Art as impenetrable, it is thought, as Steel, weari
tedly, running,
Pieces of the fame, under which they March fecurely and undan
come to fuck your
and fiercely crying out, Hadree Hadree fuccomee fuccomee, We come we
but like unruly
Blood not fearing the feather’d fhafts of the ftrong-arm’d Bow-men,
awks, and left-
headftrong Stallions, beat them down with their right-hand Tamab
hand Javelins, being all the Weapons which they ufe, counting Bowesa cowardly
as
fight. Tamahawks are Staves of two Foot and a half long, with knobs at one end
fharp Sea-
round and big asa Foot-ball ; a Javelin is a fhort Spear, headed with
Horfe Teeth; one blow or thruft with thefe fharp Weapons, will not need a fecond
|
to haften death from a Mowhacks arm.
The Tarrenteens faving that they eat not Mans flefh , are little lefs Salvage and
s, for fo
cruel than thefe Cannibals . our Indians do fear them as their deadly Enemie
nae
manyof them as they meet,they kill. Take thefe Indians in their own proper and
conftant in
tural difpofition, and they are reported to be wife , lofty-fpirited,
friend{hip to one another, true in their promife, and more induftrious than many
others. |
The
Chap. II. AMERICA Si
The Pequants area ftately Warlike People, juft and equal in their dealings; not The nature
of the Pequods
treacherous either to their Country-men, or Englifh, to whom ( except in time of and Narra-
ganfers,
War) they were not any ways uncivil. Their next Neighbors the Narraganfets, are
the moft numerous People in thofe Parts, the moft rich alfo, and the moft induftrie
ous; being the Store-houfe of all fuch kind of wild Merchandize as is amongft
them. Thefe Men are the moft curious Minters of their Wampompeage and Mow-
hakes, which they form out of the inmoft Wreaths of Periwinkle-fhells. The Nor-
thern, Eaftern, and Weftern Indians fetch all their Coyn from thefe Southern Mint-
Mafters. From hence they have moft of their curious Pendants and Bracelets,from
hence they have their great Stone Pipes, which will hold’a quarter of an Ounce
of Tobacco, which they make with Stéel Drills and other Inftruments; fuch is
their Ingenuity and dexterity, that they can imitate the EnglifbMold fo accurately,
that were it not for matter and colour, it were hard to diftinguifh them ; they
make them of green, and fometimes of black Stone; they are much defir'd of our
Englifh Tobacconifts, for their rarity, ftrength, handfomnefs, and coolnefs. Hence
likewife our Indians had their Pots, wherein they us’d to feeth their Vidtuals before
they knew the ufe of Brafs. Since the Englifh came, they have em ploy’d moft of
their time in catching of Beavers, Otters, and Mufquashes, which they bring down
into the Bay, returning back loaden with English Commodities, of which they
make double profit, by felling them to more remote Indians, who are ignorant
at what cheap rates they obtain them, in comparifon of what they make them pay,
fo making their Neighbors ignorance their enrichment : They were never known
to be defirous to take in hand any Martial Enterprize, or expofe themfelves to the
uncertain events of War; wherefore the Pequants call them Womenslike Men, refting
fecure under the conceit of their popularity,and feeking rather to grow rich by in-
duftry, than famous by deeds of Chivalry. |
~Moft of thefe Northward Indians are between five and fix Foot high, ftraight Bo. The naturé
and complexi<
dy’d, ftrongly compos'd, {mooth Skin’d, merry Countenanc’d, of Complexion on of the A-
berginians.
more {warthy than the Spaniards, black Hair’d, high Foreheaded, black Ey’d, out.
‘Nos’d, broad Shoulder’d, brawny Arm’d, long and flender Handed, out Breafted,
{mall Wafted, lank Belly’d, well Thigh’d, flac Kneed, with handfome grown Legs,
and {mall Feet: In a word,take them when the Blood skips in their Veins,when the
Flefh is on their Backs, and Marrow in their Bones, when they frolick in their an-
tique Deportments and Indian Poftures, they are more amiable to behold (though
onely in Adam’s Livery) than many a trim Gallant in the neweft Mode; and
though their Houfes are but mean, their Lodging as homely, Commons {cant, their
Drink Water, and Nature their beft Clothing, yet they ftill are healthful and lufty.
Their {mooth Skins. proceed from the often anointing of their Bodies with the Oy
of Fifhes, and the fat of Eagles, with the greafe of Rackoons, which they hold in
Summer the beft Antidote to keep their Skin from bliftering with the {corching
Sun ; it is their beft Armor againft the Musketoes, and the fureft abrafour of the
hairy Excrement , and ftops the Pores of their Bodies againft the nipping Winters
cold. Their black Hair is natural, yet is brought to a more Jetty colour by Oyl-
ing, Dying, and daily dreffing ; fometimes they wear it very long, hanging down
in a loofe difhevel'd Womanifh manner, otherwife ty’d up hard and fhort likea
Horfe Tail, bound clofe with a Fillet, which they fay makes it grow the fafter ,
they are not a little Phantaftical in this particular, their Boys being not permit-
ted to wear their Hair long till fixteen years of Age, and then they muft come to it
by degrees ; fome being cut with a long foretop, a long lock on the Crown, one
of each fide of his Head , the reft of his Hair being cut even with the Scalp; the
young
 AMERICA. Chap. II.
fide , the other being
young Men and Soldiers wear their Hair long on the one
them, which
cut fhort likea Screw, other cuts they have as their Fancy leads
though they are
would torture the Wits of the moft exaét Barber to imitate. But
to wear it on their
thus proud of the Hair of their Head, you cannot wooe them
, for they count
Chins, where it no fooner grows, but it is ftubb’d up by the roots
much as they call
it as an unufeful, cumberfome, and opprobrious excrement, info
.
him an English Mans Baftard that hath but the appearance of a Beard
to cover their {ee
The Cloathing of the Indians is only a pair of Indian Breeches
but between their
cret Parts, which is but a piece of Cloth a yard anda halflong,
down with
Groins, ty’d with a Snakes Skin about their middles, one end hanging
Aged of
a flap before, the other like a tail behind. In the Winter time, the more
their Girdle
chem wear Leather Drawers, in form like Irish Troufes, faften’d under
out of a Moofes
with Buttons: They wear Shooes likewife of their own making, cut
Mantle, and of
Hide; many of them wear Skins about them, in form of an Irish
her others Ot-
chefe fome are Bears Skins, Moofes Skins,and Beaver Skins few'd toget
Furr’d Cat
ter Skins,and Rackoon Skins; moft of them-in the Winter having his deep
expos’d to
Skin, like a large Muff, which he fhifts to that Arm which lieth moft
al
the Wind. Alchough they are poor, yet is there in them the {parks of natur
Pride, which appears in their longing defire after many kind of Ornaments, wear-
ing Pendants in their Ears, in form of Birds, Beafts, and Fifhes, Carv’d out of
e
Bone, Shells, and Stone, with long Bracelets of their curious wrought Wampompeag
a
and Mowhackees, which they put about their Necks and Loins ; thefe they count
in
rare kind of Decking; many of the better fort bearing upon their Cheeks certa
, as of
-Pourtraitures of Beafts, as Bears, Deers, Moofes, Wolves, exc. fome of Fowls
n, or
Eagles, Hawks, exc. which is not a fuperficial Painting, but a certain Incifio
elfe a raifing of their Skin by a {mall fharp Inftrument, under which they convey
a, certain kind of black unchangeable Ink, which makes the defir’d form apparent
and permanent. Others have certain round Impreffions down the outfide of their
Arms and Breafts, in form of Mullets or Spur-rowels, which they imprint by feare
ing Irons: Whether thefe be Foils to illuftrate their unparallel’d Beauty (asthey
deem it) or. Arms to blazon their antique Gentility, cannot eafily be determin’d :
But a Segamore with a Humbird in his Ear for a Pendant, a black Hawk on his Head
for his Plume, Mowhackees for his Gold Chain, good ftore of Wampompeage begirt-
ing his Loins, his Bowe in his Hand, his Quiver at his Back, with fix naked Indian
Lacquies at his Heels for his Guard, thinks himfelf little Inferior to the great
hams
In Winter time they have all manner of Fowls and Beafts of the Land and Wa-
ter, Pond-fith, with Cuthaires and other Roots, Indian Beans and Clamms ; in the Sum-
met they haye all manner of Sea-fifh, with all forts of Berries. For the ordering
of their Vidtuals, they Boil or Roaft them, having large Kettles which they Traded
for with the French long fince, and do ftill buy of the Englifh as their need requires,
before they had fubftantial Earthen Pots of their own making. Their Spits are no
into
other than cloven Sticks, fharpen’d at one end to thruft into the ground,
thefe cloven Sticks they thruft the Flefh or Fifh they would have Roafted, behem-
ming a round fire with a dozen of Spits ata time, turning them as they fee occafi-
on. They feldom or never make Bread of their Indian Corn, but feethe it whole
like Beans, eating three or four Corns with a mouthful of Fifth or Flefh, fome-
times eating Meat firft,and Corns after, filling the Chinks with their Broth.InSums
like a young
mer, when their Corn is fpent,Sgouter{quashes is their beft Bread, a Fruit
Pumpion : But as all are fellows at Foot-ball, fo they all meet Friends at the Ket-
a tle,
 hap. II. AMERICA, 153
tle, faving their Wives, that Dance a Spanielslike attendance at their Backs for
their Fragments. If their occafions caufe them to Travel, the beft of their ViGuals
for theit Journey is Nocake, (as they call it) which is nothing but Jedian Corn
parch’din the hot Afhes ; the Afhes being fifted from it, it is afterwards beaten to
Powder, and put into a long Leathern Bag, trufs’d at their Back like a Knapfack,
out of which they take thrice three Spoonfuls'a day, dividing it into three Meals,
Ifitbe Winter,and Snow be on the ground, they can eat when they pleafe, making
ufe of Snow for their Drink ; in Summer, they muft ftay till they meet with a
Spring or Brook; with this ftrange ~viaticum'they will travel four or five days to-
gether. ‘They keep no Set-Meals, their Store being {pent, they champ on the Bit,
till they meet with frefh Supplies, either from their own endeavors, or their Wives
induftry, who trudge to the Clam-banks when all other means fail. Though they
are fometimes {canted, yet arethey as freeas Emperors, both to their Countrey.
men and English,behe ftranger, or near acquaintance ; «counting it a great difcour-
tefic, not to eat of their high-conceited Delicates.
Their hardinefs is much to be admir’d, no ordinary pains making them fo much Of their
hardinefs.
as alter their countenance ; beat them, whip them, punch them, if they put on a
refolution, they will not winch for it; whether it be their benumm’d infenfible.
nefs of {mart, or their hardy refolutions, is hard to refolve; It might be a Perillus
his Bull, or the Rack might force an out-cry from them, but a Turkish drubbing
would not move them , the unexpected approach of a morta! Wound by a Bul-
let, Arrow, or Sword, ftriking no more terror, nor caufing no more exclamation
in them,than if it had been a fhot intothe body of a Tree; fuch Woundsas would
be fudden death to an English Man, would be nothing to them; whether it be,
that by their rare skill in the ufe of Vegetatives,or by Diabolical Charms,they cure
them; neverthelefs, the very name and thoughts ofdeath is fo hideous to them, or
any thing that prefents it fo terrible, that a hundred of them will run from two or
three arm’d with Guns, In the Night they need not to be feared, for they will not
budge from their own Dwellings , for fear of their Abamacho (the- Devil) whom
they much fear, {pecially in evil enterprizes, they will rather lie by an English fire
than go a quarter of a Mile in the dark to their own Dwellings, but they are well
freed from this Scareecrow fince the coming of the English, and lefs care for his de-
lufions.
Now for the matter of Government amongft them, it is the cuftom of their Of their
Kings, Gee '
Kings to inherit, the Son always taking the Kingdom after his Fathers death. If vernment, ,
there be no Son, then the Queen rules; if no Queen, the next to the Blood-Royal ; andsted Subjeéts
ODE lence,

who comes in otherwife, is but counted an ufurping Intruder, if his fair carriage
bear him not out the better, they will foon Unfcepter him. Some fay the chief
Powahe is next in Dignity and Authority to the King,and when he dies, Marries the
Squafachem,or Queen.
The Kings have no Laws to Command by, nor have they any annual Revenues,
yet commonly are they fo either fear’d or belov’d, that half their Subjedts eftate is
at their Service, and their Perfons at his Command, by which Command he is
better known than byany thing elfe; for though he hath no Kingly Robes to make
him glorious in the view of his Subjeéts, nor daily Guards to fuccor his Perfon,nor
Court-like attendance, nor fumptuous Palaces, yet do they yield all {ubmiffive
fubjeétion to him, accounting him their Soveraign ; going at his Command, and
coming at hisBeck, not fo much as expoftulating the canfe, though it be in mate
ters thwarting their wills; he being accounted a difloyal Subjec that will nor ef-
fe& what his Prince Commands: Whofoever isknown to Plot Treafon, or aed
violent
 AMERICA. Chap. II.
violent hands on his lawful King, is prefently Executed. Once a Year he takes his
ao
-

Progrels, accompanied with a dozen ofhis beft Subjeéts, to view his Countrey, to
recreate himfelf, and eftablifh good Orders. When he enters into any of their
Houfes, without any more Complement, he is defir’d to fic down on the Ground,
(for they ufe neither Stools nor Cufhions) and after a little refpite all that are pre-
fent come in, and fitdown by him, one of his. Seniors pronouncing an Oration
gratulatory to his Majefty for love, and the many good things they enjoy undet
his peaceful Government. A King of large Dominions hath his Vice-Roys, or in-
ferior Kings under him, to agitate his State Affairs, and keep his Subjeéts in good
==,
~~
——,
,4a!
, =<
a
a
—
3<a
©

Decorum. Other Officers there are, but how to diftinguifh them by Name is fome-
thingdifficult. For their Laws, as their Vices come fhort of many other Nations,
erg
ee
we
=og
+ee
ae
om
>—
eee,
fo they have not fo many Laws, though they are not without fome, which they in-
flict upon notorious Malefactors; as Traitors to their Prince, inhumane Murthe-
rers,and, {ome fay,Adulterers : for Theft, as they have nothing to fteal worth the
—
Life of a Man, thereforethey have no Lawto Execute for Trivials, a Subjeé& being
more precious inthe Eye of his Prince, than, where Men are fo {carce, to be caft
PP Sats
ay
i,
= away upon fo fleight a matter. A Malefactor having deferv’d Death, and being
——
apprehended, is brought before the King, and fome other of the wifeft Men, where
they enquire out the original of the thing, after proceeding by aggravation of Cir-
_...
<i

ere
=_
2S
=<*wes cumftances he is found Guilty, and Caft by the Jury of their ftri@ Inquifition, he
is Condemn’d and Executed in the following manner: The Executioner comes
in, who blind-folds the Party, fets him in the publick view, and Brains him with a
Tamabauke, or Club; which done, his Friends bury him.
Now to {peak fomething of their Marriages, the Kings and the Pow bows, or great
Doctors, may have two or thtee Wives, but feldom nf it, Men of ordinary Rank
having butone; which difproves the report, that they had eight or ten Wives
apiece. When a Man hatha defire to Marry, he firft gets the good will of the
Maid or Widow, after, the confent of her Friends for her part; and for himfelf, if
he be at his own difpofing,
and if the King will, the Match is made, her Dowry of
Wampompeage paid, the Sagamore or King (whe for every Marriage hath a Fathom of
Wampompeage, which is about the value of {even or eight fhillings) joyns their Hands,
_ never to part till Death, unlefs fhe prove a Whore, for which they may put away
their Wives.
As it is natural toall Mortals to worfhip fomething, fo do thefe People, but ex-
actly to defcribe to whom their Worfhip is chiefly bent, is very difficult: They
acknowledge efpecially two, Ketan, fome fay Tantum, their good God, and Hobas
mocco, fome fay Squantum, their evil God ; to Ketan they Sacrifice (as the ancient
Heathens did to Ceres) after their Garners be full with a good Crop. They like-
wife Invocate this God for fair Weather, for Rain in time of Drought, and for the
recovery of their Sick; but if they do not hear them, then they verrifie the old
Verfe, Flectere fi nequeo Superos Acheronta moyebo, their Powwows betaking themfelves
to their. Exorcifmes and Necromantick Charms, by which they bring to pafs
ftrange things, if we may believe the Indians, who report of one Piffacannaw, that he
could make the Water burn, the Rocks move, the Trees dance, and metamorphofe
himfelf into a flaming Man. In Winter, when there isno green Leaves to be got,
he would out of the Afhes of an old Leaf, calcin’d and put into the Water, pro-
duce a new green Leaf: And of a dead Snakes Skin, a living Snake, both to be
feen, felt and heard.) The manner of their a@ion in their Conjuration is thus :
The Parties that are fick or lame being brought before them, the Powwow fitting
down, the reft ofthe Indians giving attentive audience to his Imprecations and
In-
Vocations,
Chap. Il. ane AMER IC 2. $7
vocations, and after the violent expreffion of many a hideous bellowing and groans
ing he makes a ftop, and then all the Audicors with one voice uttera {hort Canto
which done, the Powwow ftill proceeds in his Invocations, fometimes roaring like
a Bear, other times groaning like a dying Horfe, foaming atthe Mouth like a cha-
fed Boar; {miting on hisnaked Breft‘and Thighs with!fuch violence; 2s if he were
mad : Thus will he continue fometimes half a day, {pending his Lungs, {weating
out his Fat, and tormenting his Body in this diabolical Worfhip.: Sometimes the
Devil, for requital of their Worfhip, recovers the Party, to nuzzle them up in
their devillifh Réligion. But fiace the Englifh (apon whom, and in whofe prefence
itis {aid the Powwows could never work their Witchcrafts), frequented thofe Parts,
they daily fall from his Colours, relinquifhing their former Fopperi¢s, and ac-
knowledge the Power of the Englijh-man’s God;as they call him. And itis reported _
of them, that at the very firftithey were fo tractable ta thei(hrifiian Religion, that
they would fay King Fames was good, and his'God good; but their Tanto nought,
though of their two Gods he was accounted the good ones’. |
They ufe no other Weapons in War than Bowes and’Arrows; faving that their Of their
Wars,
Captains have long Spears, on which, if they return Conquerors, they carry the
Heads of their chief Enemies: that they flay in the Wars, ic being’ the Cuftom to
cut offtheir Heads, Hands and Feet, to bear home to their Wives and Children, as
true tokens of their renowned Victory. When they go to: their Wats, it is their
Cuftom to paint their Faces with diverfity of Colours, fome being all black as Jet,
fome red, fome half red and half black, fome black and white, others ffpotted with
divers kinds of Colours, being all difguis’d totheir Enemies, to make them more
terrible to their Foes, putting on likewife their rich Jewels, Pendents,and Wampome
peage, to put them in mind thar they Fightnot onely for their Children, Wives and
Lives, but likewife for their Goods, Lands and Liberties. Being thus Arm’d with
this Warlike Paint, the antique Watriors make towards their Enemies in a. difor-
der’d manner, without any Soldier-like Marching, or Warlike Poftures, being deaf
to any word of Command, ignorant of falling off oron, of doubling Ranksot
Files, but let flietheir winged Shaft{men without either fear or wit: Their Artil-
lery being {pent, he that hath no Arms to Fight, finds Legs to run away. |
—-

They have two forts of Games, one call’d Puim, the other Hubbub, not much un Their Games
and Sports of
like Cards and Dice, being no other than Lottery. Puim is fifty or fixty {mall Bents activity,

of a Foot long, whichthey divide to the number of their Gamefters, fhuffling them
firft between the Palmsof their Hands ; he that hath more than his Fellow, is fo
much the forwarder in his Game: Many other Whimfies be in thisGame, which
would be too long to commit to Paper. He that is 2 noted Gamefter hath a Hole
in hisEar, wherein he carries his Puims in defance of his Antagonifts. Hubbub is
five {mall Bones in a {mall fmooth Tray ; the Bones be like a Die, but fomething
flatter, black on the one fide and white on the other, which they-place on the
Ground, againft which violently thumping the Platter, the Bones mount, changing
colours with the windy whisking of their Hands to and fro:, ‘which a@tion in that
fport they much ufe, {miting themfelves on the Breaft and Thighs, crying out
Hub, Hub, Hub; they may be heard play at thisGame a quarter.of a Mile off:
The Bones being all black or white make adouble Game; if three of one colour,
and two
of another, then they afford but a fingle Game ; four ofa colour, and one
differing, is noghing , fo long as the Man wins he keeps the Tray,: but if he loofe
the next Man takes it. They are fo bewitch’d with thefetwo Games, that they
will lofe fometimes all they have; Beaver, Moofesskins, Kettles, Wampompeage, Mo-
whacks, Hatchets, Knives, all is confifcate by thefetwo Games. For their Sports of
| action
 AMERICA. Chap. It
action they have commonly but three or four, as Football, Shooting, Running, and
Swimming ; when they play Countrey againft Countrey, there are rich Goals, all
behung with Wampompeage, Mowhacks, Beaver Skins, and black Orter Skins: Their
Goalsare a Mile long plac’don the Sands, which are as even asa Board ; their Ball
isno bigger than a Hand-ball, which fometimes they mount in the Air with their
naked Feet, fometimesit is {way'd by the multitude, fometime alfo itis two days
before they get a Goal, then they mark the Ground they win, and begin there the
next day. Before they come to this Sport they paint them{elves, ‘even as when
they go to War, in policy to prevent future mifchief, becaufe no man fhould know
him that mov’d his patience, or accidentally hurt his Perfon, taking away the oce
cafion of ftudying revenge. Before they begin, their Arms are put off, and hung
upon fome neighboring Tree, after which they make a long ferow] on the Sand,
over which they fhake Hands, and with loving Hearts {cufle for Vidtory.. While
the Men Play, the Boys Pipe, andthe Women Dance and Sing Trophies of their
Husbands Conquefts ; all: being done, a Feaft fummmons their departure.
Such is their dexterity in Shooting, that they can hit a running Hind, or flying.
Pigeon, without a ftanding paufe or left-ey’d blinking ; they draw their Arrows
between their Fingers and the Thumb; their Bowes are quick, but not very ftrong,
not killing at above fixor feven {core diftance + Shooting at one another,they have
a trick with fwift conveyance to fhun the Arrow, this they do to make them
expert againft time of War. They are train’d upto their Bowes even from their.
Childhood , for little Boys with Bowes made oflittle Sticks, and Arrows made
of great Bents; will hit down a piece of Tobacco-pipe every time a good way
off. As thefe Indians are good Marks-men, -fo are they well experienc’d where the
very Life of every Creature lieth, and know where to fmite him to make him die
prefently. Their Swimming is not after our Englifh fathion, of -{pread Arms and
Legs, which they hold too tirefom, but like Dogs, their Arms before them, cute
ting through the Liquids with their right Shoulder: In this manner they will
Swim very {wift and far, either in rough or fmooth Waters, fometimes for their
eafelying as ftill as a Log ; fometimes they will play the Dive-doppers, and come
up in unexpected places,
©f their For their Hunting, it is to be noted, that they have no {wift-footed Greyhounds
ELuntingsy
to let flip at the fight of the Deer, no deep-mouth’d Hounds, or {centing Beagles,
_to find out their defired Prey ; themfelves are all this, whoin that time of the year
when the Deer comes down, having certain Hunting-houfes in fuch places where
they know the Deer doth ufually frequent, in which they keep their Rendezvouz,
their Snares, and all their Accoutrements for that Employment: when they get
fight of a Deer, Moofe, or Bear, they ftudy how to get the Wind of him, and aps
proaching within fhot, ftab their Mark quite through, if the Bones hinder
not. The chiefthing they Hunt after is Deer, Moo/esand Bears: It grieves them
more to fee an Englifheman take one Deer, than a thoufand Acres of Land. They
“Hunt likewife after Wolves, wild Cats, Rackoons, Otters, Beavers, and Mu/quashes,
Trading both their Skins and Flefh to the English. Befide this Artillery they have
other devices to kill their Game, as fometimes Hedges, a Mile or two Miles long,
being a Mile wide at one end, and made narrower and narrower by degrees, lea-
ving onely a Gap of fix Foot long; over againft which in the day-time they lie
lurking, to fhoot the Deer which come through that narrow paflage ; fo many as
come within the circumference of that Hedge, feldom return back to leap over,
unlefs they be fore’d by the chafing of fome ravenous Wolf, or fight of fome acci-
dental Paffenger: In the Night, at the Gap of this Hedge, they fet Deer-traps,
: which
 Chap. TI. AMER IC A.
which are Springes made of young Trees, and {mooth wrought Cords, fo
firong,
that it will rofs a Horfeif he be caught init.
In the Trade of Fifhing they are very-expert, being experienc’d in the know-
ledge of all Baits for feveral Fithes, and divers Seafons; being not ignorant
likes
wile of the removalof Fifhes, knowing when to Fith in Rivers, and when
at Rocks,
when in Bays, and when at Seas: Since the English came they are furnith’d with
Fnglish Hooks and Lines; for before they made them of Hemp, being more
curi-
oully wrought,of ftronger Materials than ours, and hook’d with Bone-
Hooks ; but
lazinefs drivesthem to buy, more than profit or. commendations
wins them to
make of theirown. They make likewife very ftrong Sturgeon-nets, with
which
they catch Sturgeons of twelve, fourteen, and fixteen, and fome eighte
en Foot long
inthe day-time, and inthe night-time they betake themfelves to their
Birchen
Canoos, in which they carry a forty-fathom Line, witha fharp-bearded Dart faftne
d
at the end thereof; then lighting a Torch made of Birchen Rinds, they wave
it
- to and again by their Canoo fide, which the Sturgeon much delighted with,
comes to
‘them tumbling and playing, turning up his white Belly, into which they thruft their
Lance, his Back being impenettable ;which done, they hale to the Shore their
‘ftrugling Prize, They have often récourfe into the Rocks whereupon the Sea
beats,
in warm Weather, to look out for fleepy Seals; whofe Oyl they much efteem, ufing
it for divers things. In Summer they Fifh any where, but in Winter in the
freth
Water onely, and Ponds in frofty Weather they cut round Holes in the Ice, about
which they will fic like fo many Apes with their naked Breeches upon the cold Ice,
catching of Pikes, Pearches, Breams, and other forts of frefh-Water Fifh.
_ Their Arts and Manufadtures are divers, as firft their drefling of all mannet
of Skins, which they do by {craping and tubbing, afterwards painting them
with antique Embroiderings in unchangeable Colours ; fometimes they take
off the Hair, efpecially if it be not kill’d in feafon. Their Bowes they make of a
handfom fhape, ftrung commonly with the Sinews of Moofes ; their Atrows of
young Elder, feather’d with Feathers of Eagles Wings and Tails, headed with
Brafs in fhape of a Heart or Triangle, faftned in a flendet piece of Wood
fix ot
eight Inches long; which is fram’d to put loofe in the pithy Elder, aftewards
bound faft for riving : Their Arrows are made in this manner, becaufe it might
fhake from his Head, and be left behind for their finding, andthe Pile onely res
main to gaul the wounded Beaft. Their Cordage is fo evert, foft, and {mooth, thats
it looks more. like Silk than Hemp. Their Sturgeon Nets are not deep, nor above
_thitty or forty Foot long, which in ebbing low Waters they ftake faft to the
Ground where they are fure the Sturgeon will come, never looking more at it till
_ the next low Water. Their Canoos are made eith er of Pine-trees, which before
they
were acquainted with English Tools, they burn’d hollow, {craping them {mooth
with Clam-fhells and Oyfter-fhells, cutting their out-fides with Stone Hatchets.
Thefe Boats are not above a Foot anda half, or two Foot wide, and
twenty Foot
long. Their other Canoos be made of thin Birch Rinds, clofe Ribb’d, and on the
in-fide with broad thin Hoops, like the Hoops of a Tub, thefe are made very
light, a Man may carry one of thema Mile, being made purpofely to carry from
River to River, and from Bay to Bay, to fhorten Land-paflages. In thefé cockling
Fly-boats, wherein an Englisheman can fearce fit without a fearful tottering, they
will venture to Sea, when an English Shallop dare not bear a Knot of Sail, {cudding
over the over-grown Waves as falt as a wind-driven Ship, being driven by their
Paddles, being much like Battle-doors ; if a crofs Wave (which is feldom) turn het
Keel up-fide down, they by {wimming free her, and {cramble into her again.
§ Their
 159 AMERICA. Chap. Il.
of rhe
Of their Lan- Their Language, is onely peculiar co themfelves, not inclining to any
more refined Tongues. Some have thought they might be of the difperfed ews,
guage.

they
becaufe fome of their words are near unto the Hebrew ; butby the fame rule
e they have
may conclude them to be fome of the gleanings of all Nations, becauf
Their Lan-
words which found after the Greek, Latine, French, and other Tongues.
or capable
suage is hard to learn, few of the English being able to {peak any of it,
: They pro-
of the right pronunciation, which is the chief grace of their Tongue
nounce much after the Diphthongs, excluding L and R, which in our English -
and H,
Tongue they pronounce with as much difficulty, asmoft of the Dutch do T
calling a Lobfter.a Nobjtann. Every Countrey doth fomething differ in their Speech,
even as our Northern People do from the Southern, and Weftern fromthem ; efpe- .
cially the Tarrentine, whole Tongue runs fo much upon R, that they wharle much
in pronunciation. When any Ships come near the Shore, they demand whether
on
they are King Charles’s Torries, with fucha rumbling found, as if one were beating
any fhort -
an unbrac’d Drum. In ferious Difcourfe our Southern Indians ufefeldom
rfes
Colloquies, but {peak their minds at large, without any interjeted Difcou
from any, the reft giving diligent audience to his utterance ;which done, fome or
other returns him as long an Anfwer: They love not to {peak multa, fed multum ;
feldom are their words and their deeds rangers. According to the matter oftheir
difcourfe, fo are their acting Geftures in their Expreffions. 2
Of their The Indians are of lufty and healthful Bodies, not experimentally knowing thofe
Difeafes which are incident to other-Countreys, as Feavers, Pleurifies, Calentures,
Deaths, Bu-
rials and
,
Agues, Confumptions, Convulfions, Apoplexies, Dropfies, Gouts, Pox, Meafles
Mourning.

or the like, but {pin out the thred of their Days toa fair length, numbering fixty,
eighty, fome a hundred years : But,when any one lies a dying, the doleful cries,
and throbbing fighs of the Friends and Relations, exprefs unfpeakable forrow;
and when the Party is dead and laid ia the Ground, they not onely weep and howl
for a good {pace over the Grave, but alfo keep Annual Solemnities of Mourning,
rubbing their Faces with black Lead all about the Eye-brows, and part of their
Cheeks ; yet do they hold the Immortality of the Soul, in which their Indian Faith
jumps much with the Turkish Alchoran, dreaming of a certain Paradife, or South-
Welt Elyfinm, wherein they fhall everlaftingly abide, folacing themfelves in odori- iz
ferous Gardens, fruitful Corn-fields, green Meadows, bathing their tawny Hides in
,the cool Streams ofpleafant Riversand , fheltering themfelves from Heat and Cold
in the furmptuous Palaces fram’d by Nature, concluding, that neither care nor pain
{hall moleft them, but that Natures bounty will adminifter all things with a vo-
luntary contribution from the Store-houfe of their Elyfium ; at the Portal whereof,
they fay, lies a great Dog, whole churlifh fnarlings deny admiffion to unworthy
Intruders : wherefore ic is their cuftom to bury with them their Bowes and Arrows, -
and good ftore of their Wampompeage and Mowhacks, the one to affrighe that affront.
ing Cerberus, the other to purchafe more immenfe Prerogatives in their Paradife.
For their Enemies and loofe Livers, whom they account unworthy ofthis imagi-
Abamocho, to
nary Happinels, they fay that they pafs to the infernal Dwellings of
|
be tortur’d according tothe FiGtions of the ancient Heathen.
Difpofitions,
‘The drudgery of all laborious forts of Work, and the management of all dome-
Employ-
ments, Ufage ftick Affairs, lies wholly upon the Indian Women, who are made meer Slaves by
by their Hus-
bands, Appa-
their Husbands , they build the Houfes, fowe and reap the Corn, provide Lobfters
rel, and Mo-
defty of the for their Husbands to bait their Hooks when they go a Fifhing for Baffe or Cod ;
Woines.
and for thefe Lobfters they are many times fore’dto dive in the extreameft Wea-
ther, then lug home a great weight of them upon their Backs, as alfo all che Fith
which
 ' : | ; |

Chapikk- AMERICA i539

which their Husbands catch for pleafure, fromthe places where they were caught t
They drefs all the Meat, ferve ir up totheir Husbands, and waiting till
they have
fill’d their Bellies, are glad of their leavings.. In Summer they gather Flags, of .
which they make Mats for Houfes, and Hemp and Rufhes, with Dying Stuff, of
which they make curious Baskets, with intermixed Colours and Pourtraictures of
antique Imagery. Thefe Baskets are of all'fizes froma Quart to a Quarter, in
_which they carry their Luggage. In Winter they are their Husbands Caterers,
trudging to the Clam-banks for their Belly-timber, and. their Porters to lug it
home. They likewife few their Husbands Shoes, and weave Coats of Turky Feae
thers, befides all their ordinary Houfhold drudgery which daily lies upon them,
infomuch thata grea®Belly hinders no bufinefs, nor doth a Child-birth take
much
time, but the young Infant being greas’d and footed, wrappd in a Beavers Skin,
bound with his Feet up to his Bum,upon a Board two Foot long and one Foot broad,
and his Face expos’d to all nipping Weather,this little Pappoufetravels about with his
bare-footed Mother to paddle in the Icy Clam-banks, after three or four days of
Age have confirm’d her recovery. For their Carriage, itis very civil, Smiles being
the greateft grace of their Mirth. Their Mufick is Lullabies in Rocking their Chil-
dren, who generally are as quiet as if they had neither Spleen or Lungs. Their
Voices are generally both {weet and well order’d, fo far as pure Nature teacheth
them. Their Modefty drives them to wear more Clothes than the Men, having al-
ways a Coat of Cloth or Skins, wrapp’d like a Blanket about their Loyns, reaching
down to their Hams, which they never put offin Company. | i
There are to be reckon‘d up forty five chief Towns, befides what others there Towns buile
may be of lefs note, built or made habitable by the Englifh fince their firft arrival by the Englifp
in New Eng-
in New: England, till about the Year 1650. i land,

Firft, St, Georges Fort, where the firft Plantation was fetled, at the Mouth of the St. Georges
River Sagadehock, in a kind of Peninfula,-or half Ifand. Fort,

The fecond, New Plymouth, feated no lefs commodioufly upon a large Bay, call’d New Ply-
by the Natives Pantuxed ; where they firft fetled that went over out of diffatisfa: mouth,

ction to the Church-Government ofEngland.

The third, Salem, call’d by the Indians, Mahumbeak’. which ftands on the middle Salem,
of aNeck of Land very pleafantly, having a South River on the one fide,
anda
North River on the other fide.. This Town feems to have been built in the Year
1628, by a part of that Company, who,being fent over by the Merchant-Adventurers,
fetled themf{elves in this Cape.
The fourth Mafhawmut, or Charles-town, fituate ona Neck of Land on the North- Coarles-town,
fide ofthe River Charles. The form of this Town, in the Frontifpiece of it, re-
fembleth the Head, Neck, and Shoulders of a Man; through the right Shoulder
whereof runs the Navigable River Miftick, which by its near approach to Charles
‘River in one place, makes the chief part of the Towna Peninfula : It confifts
of
a hundred and fifty Dwelling-houfes, many of them beautifi'd with pleafant Gar-
dens and Orchards : Near the Water-fide is a large Market-place, forth of which
iflue two fair Streets ; and in it ftandsa large and well built Church.
The fifth, Matapan, ot Dorchefter, a Fronteer Town, ftanding over againft the Poste.
Ifland near. the Sea-fide: It is water’d with two fmall Rivers, and is built in the
formofa Serpent turning its Head Northward; it hath Orchards and Gardens
full of Fruit-trees., |
The fixth is Bofton, anciently Accomonticus, the Center and Metropolis of the reft, Boffon,
built in the form of a Heart, and fortif’d with two Hills on the Fron
t-part
thereof, the one having great ftore of Artillery mounted thereon, the other hayi
| ng
oe a
 AMERICA, Chap. If.
160
d with Earth: At the Defcent
a {trong Battery, built of whole Timber, and fill’
chief part of this Town is built,
of the Hill lies a large Cave or Bay, on which the
over-topping Towers, keeping a cons
over-topp'd with a third Hill, all three like
Watc h to fore fee the appr oach of fore ign Dang ers. The chiefeft part of this
fant out with great Indus
s, and wharf'd
City-like Town is crowded upon the Sea Bank
whofe continual enlargement pre-
ftry and Coft, the Edifices large and beautiful, |
fageth fome fumptuous City.
on and Dorchefters water’d with cool
The feventh, Roxbury, ficuated between Boft
Rexbury,
s, and with {mall Frefhets water-
and pleafant Springs iffuing from the Rocky Hill
form of it refemblech a Wedge double
. ing the Valleys of this fertile Town : The in the room of
Towns® and
pointed, entring between the two above-mention’d
e before, they have now goodly
thofe Swamps, or tearing Bufhes which were ther
Fruit-trees, fruitful Fields and Gardens.
an Name, Sangus) fituated between
Theeighth is Lynne, ot (according to the Indi
Frefhet at the end of Winter fills
Lynne,

Salem and Charles-town, near a River, whofe ftrong

felf into the Seas This Town is »
all her Banks, and with a violeat Torrent vents it
above ahundred Dwelling-houfes, ha-
almoft fquare, confifting many years ago of
rch being on level Land, undes
ving alfo an Iron Mill in conftant ufe: The Chu
Steps defcending into the Earth.
fended from the North-Weft Wind, is made with
et, firuated upon one of the
The ninth is call’d Water-town, anciently Pig/;‘guff
Springs and fmall Rivulets,
Water-tows.

Branches of (harles-River, water’d with many pleafant

began by occafion of Sir
running like Veins throughout her Body. This Town
andServants, Winterd in
Richard Saltingftall, who arriving with ftore of Cattel
th efe Parts. e
wn and Waterstown, a Plac
In the Year 1633. there was erected between Charles-to the
nam’d Cambridge, being
ae Wet ens,

call’d New-town, and by the Indians, Amongcangen, fince

to the moft Sous
tenth in order : Itis in form liké a Lift of Broad-cloth, reaching
well order’d Streets, and two
therly part of Merrimeck River ; it hath comely and
Mr. Job Harverd, who at his
fair Colledges ; the firft call’d Harverd Colledge, from
Harnes was the chief Be-
Harverd Col

Death gave a thoufand Pounds to it; tothe other Mr. Jebn

ledge.

the Government, but it

nefaGor. This Town was appointed to be the Seat of
continu’d not long.
is fituated on a fair and
' Bpfwichs — The eleventh call’d Ipfwich, or Sawacatuc by the Indians,
and afterwards breaking
delightful River, ifluing forth from a very pleafant Pond,
t ; it lies in the Sagamorefhip, ot
its Gourfe through a hideous Swamp of large exten
. Dine);
Earldom of Aggawan, now by the Englifh call'd Effex
Merrimeck River, is fituae
Rewbury. Twelve Miles from Jp/wich, near upon the Streams of |
ted the twelfth, call’d Newbury. |
the Plantation of
The People of New-town, or Cambridge, upon their removal of
call’d Hartford, the thir-
Hartfiord .

Cancético, pafling up the River, built 2 Town, which they

of thofe that departed from
teenth in number, divers others coming in the room : .
Cambridge. 3 |
ets are fill’d with frefh
Cencerd. The fourteenth ,feated upon a fair frefh River( whofe Rivul
of that large River of Merri-
Marth, and her Streams with Fith, it being a Branch
Concord: It confifted at
meck Allwives) is built in the Inland Countrey, and call’d
ly
firft of above fifty Families: Their Buildings are for the moft part convenient
. The People
plac’d on one ftreight Stream under a Sunny Bank, in alow Level
by rea-
that firft fet forth to build this Town, fuftain’d great hardfhip and mifery,
d
fon of the uncouth Ways, and extremity of the Weather, it being the firft Inlan
| | 7
Town that was built.
South-
 Chap. If. =e ME R, IC wf. 161
South-Eaft of CharlessRiver, upon the SeasCoaft, is fituated the fifteenth Town Hinshaw:
Hingham ; the form whereof is fomewhat intricate to defcribe, by reafon of the Sea-
wafting Crooks, where ic beats upon a moultring Shore; yet in fome places the
Streets are compleat : It confifted at firft of about fixty Paiiilies.
The fixteenth is in Plymouth Government, fituate u pon the Sea-Coaft, firft nam’d Dukesbury,ot
Sandwich,
Dukesebury, afterwards Sandwich, | sli !
About the year 1617. anew Supply coming over into thefe Parts, and not find- Newhaven.

ing in the Mattachufets Government any commodious place to fertle in, they after
much fearch took upa place fomewhat more Southerly, near the Shales of (Capecod,
where they found a commodious Harbor for Shipping, and a fit place to erecta.
Town in, which they built in a fhort time, with very fair Houfes and compleat
Streets ; and fhortly after feveral others : Amongft which they ere@ted a new -
Government, which from their firft Fronteer Town, being the feventeenth, was
call’d Newhaven.
The eighteenth is in'the Government of the Mattachufets, and call’d Dedham, being Dedham}
an Inland Town, fituate about ten Miles from Bofton in the County of Suffolk, well
water’d with many pleafant Streams, and abounding with Gardens and Fruit-
Trees: It confifted at firft of about a hundred Families, being generally given to
Husbandry. sein | :
The nineteenth being alfo in this Governmentis call’d Weymouth, batter’d on the Weymouth,
Eaft with the Sea Waves; on the South-Weft Rocks and Swamps make it delight-
ful to the Deer, as the ploughable Meadow-Lands to the Inhabitants.
- About the Year 1638. Printing was brought over into New England. |
About fix Miles from Jp/wich, North-Eaftward, was erected another Town Rowiy.
call'd Rowly, being the twentieth. cone
About the Year 1639. began the one and twentieth Town Hampton, in the Hampton,
County of Norfolk, to be built : It is fituate near the Sea-Coaft, not far from the
River of Merrimeck : The great ftore of falt Marth did entice the People to. fet
down their Habitations there. | if
Not far from this Town of Elampton, was erected the two and twentieth, call’d Salisbury.
Salisbury, feated upon the broad fwift Torrent of MerrimeckeRiver i ‘It lieth on the
Northern fide, over againft the’-Town of Newbury, the River between them ‘being
about halfa Mile broad, but hath an Ifland in the midft thereof, which makes ir.
the more eafily paflable. The fituation of this Town is very, pleafant, the Skirts
thereof abounding in fair and goodly Meadows, with good ftore of ftately Tim-
ber in many places upon the Uplands.. a
About the Year 1640. by afrefh Supply of Peoplechat fetled in Long-Ifland, was Long-Ifland,
there erected the twenty third Town, call’d Southampton; by the Indians, Agawom. Southampton,

The fame Year alfo the Town ofSudbury, being the twenty fourth, began to be Sudbary,
built in the Inland Countrey : Ic is furnifh’d with great ftore of frefh, Marsh, bue
lying very low, it is much endammag’d with Land-floods.
About this time there was built at Mount Wolleftone, by fome old Planters and Braintree,
cettain Farmers of the great Town of Bofton, a Town nam’d Braintree, being the
twenty fifth, within the Mattachufets Government: It is well peopled, and hath 4

great ftore of Land in Tillage. z :

In the Year 1641. Mr. Richard Blindman coming from Green Harbour; a Place in Gloucefter:
Plymouth Patent, with fome few People of his acquaintance, fetled in Cape Anne;
where they built the twenty fixth Town, and nam’d.it Gloucefter.
- There is alfo fituate upon Pufcataque River, tothe North-Eaft of Bo/fon, a Town. Dew.
call’d Dover, being the twenty feventh, the People by voluntary refignation being pte

_ under the Mattachufets Government. Sj In

--
ie

|
.
>

|
—
apt
=
--

ye
aa
ee —
¥
 AMERICA. Chap. I.
In the Year 1642. was ereéted the eight and twentieth Town, call’d Woeburn.
In the Year 164.4. Reading the nine and twentieth Town was built, being in the
Government of the Mattachufets ; it is well water’d and fituated about a great
Pond, having two Mills, a Saw-Mill, anda ‘Corn-Mill, which ftand upon two
feveral Streams.
Denham, A little after was built the thirtieth Town in this Colony, call’d Wenham, firuate
between Salem and Ip/wich ; it is very well water’d, as moft Inland Towns are, and
the People live altogether on Husbandry.
About the Year 1645. one Mr. ‘Pinchin, having out of defire to improve his
—
a
Eftate by ‘Trading with the Indians, fetled himfelfin a place very remote from any
a of the Towns of the Mattachufets Colony, yet under their Government, and great
ee ftore of People ftill reforting to him, they at laft erected a Town upen the River
Springs
pila. .
Caneético, calking it Spring-field, being the one and thirtieth Town ; it is very fitly
feated for a Beaver Trade with the Indians, in regard it is fituate upon this large
Navigable River, and upon fome Rivulets of the fame.
Haverbill. In the Year 1648. was founded the Town of Haverhill, being the two and thir-
tieth,about a Mile or two from the place where the River of Merrimeck receives in-
to it felf the River Shawshin, which is-one of her three chief Heads.
Malden, Not long after, the Town of Malden, being the three and thirtieth Town, was
built by certain People that came out of CharleseTown; thefe two Towns being {e-
ver'd the one fromthe other by the large River of Mi/tick.
The reft we fhall onely name, as 34. Berwick, alias Chawan. 35 Oxford, alias Sazo-
quas. Falmouth, alias Totam. 36. Briftol. 37. Hull, alias Paffataquack. 38. Dartmouth,
alias: Bobanna. 39. Norwich, alias Segocket. 40. Taunton, alias (ohannet. 41. Greense
Hlarbour.. 42. Yarmouth. 43. Northam, alias Pa/cataqua. 44. Exeter. 45. Weymouth.
The chief Rivers of New England are, Pafcataway, Sagadahoc, Pemmagquid, Azamentico,
Merrimeck , Tachobacco, Miftick, Narraganfet, Mifhumin, Conneétacut , Newichwavoch,
K ynebequy. | | |
The prefent
ftate of the
The Indian Natives are now become fo weak in number, and in fome meafure
Nativess reduc’d to a dread of the growth of the Englifh, that of late years they have not
practis'd any thing againft them, or at leaft, not juftifrd them by numbers ia.
open Hoftility, willing rather to: purchafe theit Peace and buy off Injuries comr
mitted by them at the Price of their Lands and Poffeffions. "
And alrhough-care'and expence hath been many years apply’d to the Converfi-
on of Indians to the Faith, however inclinable they feem’d at firft to the imbracing.
thereof, not then fo well difcerning the infincerity of its Profeffors; yet there are
fo few of late who-do imbrace it or perfevere in it (wanting a good Foundation for
-inftruétion.in Moral: Honefty, and perhaps the example of it in thofe that undertake
to inftruéthem in Religion ; ) that’Chriftianity to them feems a Chimera, Religion a,
defign: to draw them from the libidinous Pleafures of alazy Life, however, fome.
there are who make Profeffion of Chriftianity, and fome who are educated inthe
Schools-of New Cambridge; to.entitle them to Preach the Gofpel’ in their own Lan-
guage. | |
One great hindrance to the Propagation of the Faith amongft thofe. Heathens, is
the diverfity of their Languages , for it is commonly known, that the Natives’
themfelves.do not underfland’one another, if their Habitations are but at forty.
Miles. diftance. |
Chaurch-
Government Their Church-Government and Difcipline is Congregational and Independent,
among the
Englifh, yet in fome places more rigid than others, forimmany Towns there yet remains
fome leaven of Presbytery, from which Seéts our Independency had its Original ; info-
| rauch
 Chap. II. AMERICA. 163
much, that one of the moft remarkable Oppofers of Epifeopal Government,
Door
Baftwick (who, {poil’d fo much Paper in railing at the Churcli
Government of
England, and crying up Liberty of Confcience) finding the Apoftacyof
his own Bre-
thren of Bo/fon from their firft Principles, and his,generally prevail
over them, even
to the denying that liberty to others, which they feem’d only to aim
at, did write
a large and vehement Debortatory Epi/tle to them from their New Lights
or Paths, fays
ing, That according to their prefent Tenents, they could not pretend to be better,
or other than a
Chriftian Synagogue. ;
Their Laws and Methods of Government are wholly of
their own framing, Their Civil

each Colony for themfelves, makes'an Annual choice of Governor, Depu Government
ty Go- and Laws.
vernor, and a certain number of Affiftants, by the plurality of
Suffrages collected
from their feveral Towns, the Eledors are only Free-men and Chur
ch-Members,
for he that is nota Member of their Church, can neither chufe, nor
be chofe
Magiftrate, nor have his Children Baptiz'd ; befides the lofs of many other n a
Pris
viledges,and liable moreover to frequent,ifnot conftant Mulét
s for abfenting them-
felves from Divine Worfhip (fo call’d) in their Meeting-houfes,
Since the tranfmitting of the Patent in New England, the Election is
not by Voi«
e¢s, nor erection of Hands as formerly, but by Papers, thus:
The general Court-electory fitting, where are prefent inthe Churc
h 3 or Meet-
ing-houfe at Bofton, the old Governor, Deputy, and all the Magiftrate
s, and two
Deputies or Burgeffes for every Town’, or at leaft one ; all the
Freemen are bid
to come in at one Door, and bring their Votes in Paper for the new
Governor,
and deliver them down upon the Table, before the Court, and fo pafs
forth at
another Door; thofe that are abfent, fend their Votes by Proxies. All being
de-
liver’d in, the Votes are counted, and according to the major part,
the old Gover-
nor pronounceth, That fuch an one is chofen. Governor for' the year
enfuing. Then the
Freemen, in like manner, bring their. Votes for the Deputy Governor, who
being
alfo chofen, the Governor propoundeth the Affiftants one after another. New
Affiftants are, of late, put in nomination, by an Order of general Court,
befores
hand tobe confider’d of : If a Freeman give in a Blank, that rejects
the Man
nam‘d ; if the Freeman makes any mark with a Pen upon the Paper which he.
brings, that elects the Man nam’d: Then the Blanks and mark’d Papers arenu
m-
ber’d,. and according to the major part of ¢ither, the Man in Nomination ftands
clected or rejected » and fo forall the Afiftants. Ard after every new Eleétion,
whichis, by their Paeiit, to be tpon'the laft Wednefday in Eafter Term, the new
Governorand Officers are all new Sworn. The Governot and Afiftants chufe the
Secretary. Aind all che Court confifting of Governor, Deputy, Affiftants, and De-
puties of Towns, give their Votes as well as the reft; and the Minifters and El-
ders, and all Church- Officers, have their Votes alfo in all thefe Ele@ions of chief
Magiftrates : Conftables, and all other inferior Officers, ate {worn in the general,
quarter, or other Courts, or before any Affiftant. :
Every Freee-man when he is admitted, takes a ftrig& Oath, to be true to the Sos
ciety or Jurifdiction: |
There atetwo general Courts, one every half year, wherein th ey make Laws or
Ordinances: The Minifters advile in making of Laws, e{pecially Ecclefiaftical,and
are prefent in'Courts; andadvife in fome {pecial Caufes Criminal, and in framing
of Fundamental Laws. Lo
Ther are befides
e four Quarter-Courts for the whole Jurildidion, befides other
petty Courts, oneevery quarter at Bojton, Salem, and Ipfwich, with their feveral Ju
tifdiGions; befides.every Town, almoft, hath a petty Court for {mall Debts and
Trefpafles, under twenty Shillings. In
 16 4. AMERICA, Chap. II.
Adtions
and Caules,
In the general Court, or great quarter Courts, before the Civil Magiftrates, ate
try’d all Actions and Caufes Civil and Criminal, and alfo Ecclefiaftical, efpecially
touching Nonemembers:, And they themfelves fay, that in the general and quarter
Courts, they have the Power of Parliament, Kings-Bench, Common-Pleas, Chan-
cery, High-Commiffion, and Star-Chamber, and all other Courts of England, and
oo
_—
ee
—
in divers Cafes have exercis'd that Power upon the Kings Subjeéts there, as is not
difficult to prove. They have put to death, banifh’d, fin’d Men, cut off Mens
=
a
==
=
- ~
~~

———
~
Ears, whip’d, imprifon’d Men, and all thefe for Ecclefiaftical and Civil Offences,
and without fufficient Record, In che leffer quarrer Courts are try’d, in fome, Adti-
ons under ten Pounds, in Bo/ton, under twenty, and all Criminal Caufes not touch-
ing-Lifeor Member. From the petty quarter Courts, or other Courcs,the parties
may appeal to the great quarter Courts, from thence to the general Court, from
which there is no Repeal. | :
Grand-
Juries.
Twice a year, in the faid quarter Courts held before the general Courts, aretwo
Grand-Juries {worn for the Jurifdiction, one for one Court, and the other for the
other; and they are charg’d co enquire and Prefent Offences reduc’d by the Gover-
nor who gives the Charge,
Trials.
Matters of Debt, Trefpafs, and upon the Cafe, and Equiry, yea and of Herefie
alfo, are try’d by a Jury. | .
The Parties are warn’d to challenge any Jury-man before he be fworn; but be-
caufe there is but one Jury in a Court for trial of Caufes; and all Parties not pre-
fent at their Swearing, the liberty of challenge is much hinder’d, and fome incon-
veniences do happen thereby. Jurors are return’d by the Marfhal, he was at firft
call’d The Beadle of the Society. |
The Parties in all;Caufes, {peak themfelves for the moft part, and fome of the
Magiltrates where they think caufe requireth, do the part of Advocates without
Fee or Reward. — ‘ah
Though among the feveral Colonies which were founded here by the conflu-
ence of diffenting Zealots, this Government is exercis‘d, differing from that ofthe
Church and State of England ; yet in thofe Provinces which are,granted by parti-
cular Perfons, the Government is much more conformable to that of England ; but
as the Mattachufets or Bo/toners were from the beginning the moft Potent and Predo-
minant of all the reft of the Colonies, (infomuch, that Bo/fon may well be accouns
ted the Metropolis of all New England,) fo of late years they have ftill ufurp’d more
and more Power and Authority over the reft; and efpecially have not ftuck to give:
EDT
—~—
© Laws tothe forefaid Provinces allotted to particular Perfons,and have gone about:
wholly to fubjugate thofe places to thentlelves, intrenching upon the rights of the
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true Proprietors ; and that, even contraryto the Kings expre{s Commands by his"
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emer,
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Proceedings
of the Afatta-
N the Year of our Lord 1665. his Majefties Commiffioners for the Affairs of.
shufers againft New England, being in the Province of Mayne, the People being much unfetled
his Majetties
Commiffio- in Point of Government , by reafon the Mattachufets. Colony, or Bofton Governs
ners,
>
ment, did ufurp compulfively a Power over them contrary to their wills, and the
=ee
right of Sir Ferdinando Gorges Heir, who had his Commiffion then in the place, did
aa unanimoutly Petition to his Majefties Commiffioners to fettle the Government;
upon which the faid Commiflioners examin’d the Bounds and Right of Mr. Gorges
Patent, with all the Allegations and Pretenfions on both fides, and fo according
a

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 Chap. II. AMERICA. 165
to their Inftru€tion from his Majefty, did fercle a temporary Government under his
Majefty’s immediate Authority, until fuch timeas his Majefty fhould-give his final
determination thereof ; and for that end did Inftitute Juftices of the Peace to Gos
vern the Province according to the true Laws of England. Alfo his Majefty was
pleas’d by his Mandamus in April 1666, to the Governors of Bofton, to fignifie that ic
was his will and pleafure, That the Province of Main fhould ftand good as his
Commiffioners had fetled it, until he had more leifure to determine it ; yet nots
withftanding, after three years quiet pofleffion, and exercifing of Government by
the Kings Juftices, according. to their Commiffion granted by his Majefty’s Com-
miffioners, the Boffoners, without any Conference with the faid Juftices, did in a
hoftile manner oppofe the King’s Power, July 1668. which was as followeth:
The General Court of Bofton fent their Warrants to keep Court at York under
their Authority, and for that purpofe Commiffionated Magiftrates by their own
Authority, namely Major General John Leveret, Mr. Edward Ting, Captain Richard
Walden, and Captain Robert Pike : Whereupon the King’s Juftices did oppofe their
Warrants, and fent Poftto New York, with an Addrefs to General Nicholas, for Ad-
vice what to do therein ; who forthwith difpatch’d away to the Governors of
Bofton, informing them of the danger of their Proceeding, it being an open breach
of Duty, to fubvert the Government eftablifh’d by his Majefty’s Power ; alfo fent
the King’s Mandamus, April 1666. that will’d to the contrary. Notwithftanding
the Bofton Magiftrates in July 1668. in order to their Bofton Commiffion, came to
York Town in the faid Province, with feveral Armed Men, Horfe and Foot,to keep
Court under their Authority ; Oppofition was made by the King’s Juftices, and
his Majefty’s Power wasurg’d, but little regard thereunto fhewn ; his Majefties
Mandamus'was likewife much infifted upon, and produced by the Juftices, who ask’d
the Boftoners what they thought of it ? and how they durft ad fo contrary to the
King’s Will and Pleafure ? Major General Leveret told them; Thathe believ'd it
might be the King’s Hand, but he had a Commiffion from the general Court at
Bofton, which he would follow and obferve by the help of God. The fame day
in the Afternoon the faid Major General Leveret, with the reft of the Bo/ton Magi-
ftrates, feiz’d and imprifon’d the Province Marfhal in doing hi8 Office, and then
forthwith went in warlike pofture to the Court-houfe, where the King’s Juftices
fatin Judicature, and putting them from their Seats, fat down themfelves in their
Places, and Executed their Bofton Commiffion. The King’s Juftices drew a Prote/t
_againft their Proceedings, and fo left the Decifion to God’s Providence, and his
Majefty’s good Pleafure. Then they turn’d out all Officers, both Military and Ci-
vil, and Swore others in their Places under their Authority ; they forc’d the whole
Record of the Province out of the Recorders Houfe contrary to his Will, by
vertue of a Special Warrant from that Court. They imprifon’d the Mayor of the
faid Province about three weeks, forcing him to give in five hundred Pound Bonds,
not to act according to his Commiffion ; which with fome Refervations he was
fore’d to deny for the fecurity’of his Eftate.
Thefe riotous Proceedings thus acted with fuch a precipitate fury, fo incens’d
his Majefty,that {peedy care had been taken to reduce them to reafon, had they not
upon mature confideration bethought themfelves afterwards to yield Obedience to
his Majefties Orders. 3
_ Having treated ac large of all that concerns New England in general, both in re-
ference to the Natives and the Englifh Planters, we fhall conclude with a brief view
of the Provinces of Laconia and Main, asthey are truly Deferib’d (among other ine
genuous Collections and Obdfervations of the Affairs of America, and elpecially
7 thefe
 166 AMER IC 4. ~ Chap. Te
thefe Parts) by Ferdinando Gorges Ef{q, Heit tothe aboveemention’d Sir Ferdinando,
and thereby fole Lord of the faid Provinces, onely contracting what hath been by
him deliver’d more at large. |
A brief De-
feription of Among divers Plantations of the Engli(h happily Founded. in New England, is
Laconia, a
Province in Province to the Landward, nam ‘d Laconia, fo call’d by reafon ‘of the great aia
therein, but by the ancient Inhabitants thereof it is call’d The Countrey of the Troquois+
New Eng-
Janda,

‘It lies between the Latitude of forty four and forty BYE Degrees, having the Rie
vers of Sagadehock and Merrimeck on the Sea-Coaft. of New England, Southerly from
it; into nach of which Rivers there isa fhort Paflage, fabsented by the: Salvages
inhabiting near the Lakes. Alfo ithath the great Lakes which tend towards Cali-
fornia in the South Sea on the Weft thereof: Onthe North thereof is the great
~ River of Canada, into which the faid River difgorgeth it felf by a fair large River,”
well replenifh’d with many fruitful Iflands : The Air thereof ispure and wholefom,
the Countrey pleafant, having fome high Hills, full of goodly. Forrefts,. and’ fair
Valleys and Plains, fruitful in Corn, Vines, Chefnuts, Wallnuts, and infinite forts
ofother Fruits, large Rivers well for’ d with Fifh, and iinviron’d with goodly Mea-
dows full of Tamber- trees. ,
~ One of the great Lakes iiscall’d The Lake ofTroguuis, hich towethet Berta Rie
ver of the fame Name, running into the River.of (Canada, is fixty.or fewensy Leagues
in length.
In the Lake are four Ap Iflands, hick are aS itedfallshedidly Woods and
Meadows, having ftore of Game for Hunting, as Stags, Fallow-Deer, Elks, Rees
Bucks, Beavers: and other forts of Beafts which come from the Main Land to the
faid Iflands. i
The Rivers which fall. into the Lakes have in them good ran of Beavers; of
which Beafts, as alfo of the Elks, the Salvages make their chiefeft Traffick.
The faid Iflands have been inhabited heretofore by the Salvages, but are now
abandon’d by reafon of their late Wars one with another: They contain twelve
- or fifteen Leagues in length, and are feated commodioufly for. Habitation in the
midft of the Lake, which abounds with divers kinds of wholefom Fifh.
From this Lake run two Rivers Southward, which fall into'the Eaftern and
Southern Sea-Coalt of New England.
Into this Lake there went many years fince certain French of Quebeck, who fided
with the Algovinquins, with the help of their Canoos, which they carried: the {pace of
five Miles over the Impo/sible Falls, to Fight a Battel in revenge of. fome former In-
juries done by the Troquois to the Algovinguins, who had the Viétory ; for which caufe
the French have been fo hated ever fince by the Nation of the Troquois, that none of
them durft ever appear in any part of that Lake.’ Buttheir Trade, faid tobe fixteen
thoufand Beavers yearly, is partly fold to the Dutch, who Trade with the Weft.
end ofthe faid Lake over Land by Horfes, from theit Plantation upon Hudfon’s
River : and another pare is conceiv'd to Bt purchas’d by the Hiroons, who being
Newrters, are Friends bothto the one and the other ;and thele Eiroons. bring down
the greateft part of all by the River of Canada.
The Way oyer Land to this great Lake, from the plsaegtion of Pafcataway, hath
been attempted by Captain Walter Neale, once Governor, at the Charges of Sir Fere
dinando Gorges, Captain Mafon, and (Sine Merchants of London, and the Difcovery
wanted but one days Journey of finifhing, becaufe their Victuals was.{pent,which,
for want of Horfes, they were enforc’d : carry with their Arms, and their Clothes,
upon their Backs; They intended to have madea fettlement forTrade by Pinnaces
upon thefaid Lake, which they reckon to be about ninety or a hundred Miles from
the Plantation over Land. The
Chap. I. AMERICA 167
The People of the ROARS are given to Hunting of wild Beafts, which is their
chiefeft Food.
Their Arms are Bowes and Arrows. Their Armor is made partly of Wood,
and partly of a kind of twifted Stuff like Cottone-Wool.
. Their.Meat is Flour of Indian Corn, of that Countreys growth, fodden to Pap,
which'they preferve for times of Neceilicy when they cannot Hunt.
This Province of Laconia, however known bya diftin& Name, is included within.
the Province of Main, which offers it felf next to our confideration.
Allthat part of the Continent of New England, which was allotted by Patent to Of the Pro-

Sir Ferdinando Gorges and to his Heirs, he thought fit to call by the Name of The Pro-
vince of
Main.

vince of Main. It takes it beginning at the entrance of Pa/catoway Harbor, and fo

paffeth up the fame into the River of Newichwavoch ; and through the fame unto the
fartheft Head thereof, and from thence North-Weftwards forthe fpace of a hun-
dréd and twenty Miles; and from the Mouth of Pafcatoway Harbor aforefaid,
North-Eaftward along the Sea-Coaft, to Sagadehock ; and up the River thereof to
Kinibequy River, even as far as the Head thereof ; and into the Land North-Welt-
wards, for the fpace of a hundred and twenty Miles.
To thefe Territories are alfo adjoyn’d the North half of the Ifles of Sholes, togee
ther with the Ifles of Capawick and Nautican, as alfo all the little Iflands lying within
five Leagues of the Main, all along the Sea-Coaft, between the aforefaid Rivers of
Pafcatoway and Sagadehock.
He no: fooner had this Province fetled upon him, but he gave publick notice,
That if-any one would undertake by himfelf and his Affociates, to Tran{porta
competent number of Inhabitants, to Plant in any part of his Limits, he would
affign unto him or them fuch a proportion of Land, as fhould in reafon farishe them,
referving onely to himéelf fome {mall High-Rent, as 2s. or 25. 6d. fora hundied
Avres per Annum :. and if they went about to build any Town or City, he would
Endow them with fuch Liberties and Immunities, as fhould make them capable to
Govern themfelves within their own Limits, according to the Liberties granted to
any Town or Corporation within this Realm of England. And as for others of the
meaner fort who went as Tenants, that they fhould have fuch quantities of Land
affign’d them as they were able to manage, at the Rate of 4d. or 6d. an Acre, ac-
cording to the nature or firuation of the Place they fettle in.
. «And for the Divifion of the Province, and the Form of Government which he
intended to Eftablith, he firft divided the Province into feveral Parts; and thofe
again he fubdivided into diftingé Regiments, as Eaft, Weft, North, anid South;
thofe again into feveral Hundreds, Parifhes and Tythings, and hele: bo Haye chett
feveral Officers to'Govetn, secoriliny to fuch Laws as fhould be agreed upon by
publick Affent of the Freesholders, with the approbation of himfelf or Deputy and
the principal Officers ofthe publick State.
The fetled Government for the general State, to whom all Appeals were to be
made, and-from whom all Inftruétions for the welfare of the Publick were to iffue,
were to confit of himfelf.or his Deputy, who was to be chofen every three yeat
by himfelf, with the advice of his Council : Next.a Chancellor for the determina»
tionof all Caufes, A Treafurer, to whom the-care of the publick Revenue was
to be committed’; A Matthal, whofe Office was to overfee the Regiments, and to
provide Men for publlick Service; An Admiral, totake care of all Maritime Afs
fairs, to whom/a Judge of the Admiralty was to be joyn’d to determine all Mari-
time ‘Ganfess A Mafter°of the Ordnance, to look to the publick Atms and Am-
munition ; A Secretary, ro receive Intelligence, - to acquaint himfelf or Deputy
therés
168 AMERICA Chap. Il,
therewith. To thefe belong all their feveral Officers and Minifters for the Execu-"
tion of all Matters proper to their feveral Places.
The chief Town of this Province is call’d Gorgiana, which is Govern’d by 2
Mayor, the reft are onely inconfiderable Villages or {catter’d Houfes ; but through
Encouragement given to Adventurers and Planters, it may prove in time a very
flourifhing Place, and be replenifh’d with many fair Towns and Cities, it being a
Province both fruitful and pleafant.

Sect. Il.

New Netherland, now call’d New Y

ork.
Hat Traét of Land formerly call’d The New Netherland, doth contain all
that Land which lieth in the North parts of America, betwixt New England
and Mary-Land ; the length of which Northward into the Countrey, as it
hath not been fully difcover’d, fo. itis not certainly known :: The breadth of it is
about two hundred Miles. The principal Rivers within this Tra&, are Fiudfon's-
River, Raritan-River, Delaware-Bay-River. The chief Iflands are the Manbhatans-
Ifland, Long-Ifland,and Staten-Ifland.
The firft which difcover’d this Countrey was Henry Hud/on, who being hir’d by
the Eaft-India Company to feck a Paflage in the Northern America to China, fet Sail .
Anno 1609.in the Hlalf-Moon Frigat ; coming before Terre-neuff, he ftood about to-
wards the South-Welt, where Sailing up a great River, he found two Men Clad in
in Ruffelo’s Skins ; and from thence arriv’d fafe at Amfterdam.
New Netherland thus difcover’d, invited many Merchants to fertle a firm Plan-
tation there ;to which purpofe they obtain’d Letters Patents ih 1614. granted
them by the States in the Hague, That they might onely Traffick yoNew Nether
land ;whereupon they earneftly profecuting the Defign, fent. out Adrian Block and
Godyn, who difcover’d feveral Coafts, Ifles, Havens, and Rivers. . |
The Countrey, as they faid, being then-void, was therefore. free for any body
that would take poffeffion of it: Notwithftanding which pretence, they were
{carce warm in their Quarters, when Sir Samuel Argal, Governor of Virginia, having
firft {poil’d the French in Accadie, as we faid, difputed the Pofleffion with thefe alfo.
And although they pleaded Hud/on’s Right (who by Commiffion from King James,
and upon an English Account, had lately difcover’d thofe Patts).and pretended they
had not onely bought all his Cards.and Maps of the Countrey, butall: his Intereft
and Rightalfo, and had fully contented him for all his Pains and Charges in the
Difcovery ; yet the faid Hxd/on being an Englishman, and acting allchat he did
by Commiffion from the King of England, upon Debate it-was concluded; ‘That the
Land could not be alienated after Difcovery without the King of England’s con{ent,
e[pecially it being but.a part of the Province. of Virginiay already poflefs'd by the
Subjects of England : So that they were forc’d to wave that Title,and-the Dutch Gos
vernor fubmitted his Plantation to His Majefty of England;\andto the Governor of
Virginia, for and under him : Upon which Terms, fora good while they held it.
Afterwards, upon confidence,itfeems, of anew;Governfent or from Amfterdam,they
not onely fail’d to pay the promis’d Contribution and Tribute, bur fell to fortifie
themfelves, and to entitle the Merchants of Am/erdam to’an abfolute Propriety and
Dominion of the Country, independent of any other; building Towns, as New Ams
flerdam; raifing Forts, as Orange Fort, near the Branch of the Nordt River, which they
call Fieil-Gate. Complaint whereof being made to King Charles, and by his Am»
ee haflador
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Chap. II. eA MERIC A. Ifo.
baffador reprefented to the States, they difown the bufinefS, and declare by Publick
Inftrument, that it was onely a private Undertaking, viz. of the Weft-India Com-
pany of Am/terdam. Whereupon a Commiffion was granted to Sir George Calvert,
made Lord Baltimore in Ireland, to Poffefs and Plant the Southern parts thereof, lying
towards Virginia, by the name of Mary-land ; and to Sit Edmund Loyden, to Plant the
Northern parts towards New England, by the name of Nova Albion: Which makes
the Dutch the fecond time feem willing to compound; and for the Sum of two
thoufand and five hundred Pounds, they offer to be gone, and leave all they had
there. But taking advantage of the troubles in England, which then began to appear,
and foon after follow’d , they not only go back from their firft Propofitions, and
make higher Demands , but alfo moft mifchievoufly (as fome report) furnifh
the Natives with Arms, and teach them the ufe of them, as it may be thought, ex+
pecting to ufe their help upon occafion, againft the Bngli/h.
After His Majefties Reftauration , His Majefty being truly inform’d of his jut
Pretences to allthat Ufurp’d Territory call’d New Netherland, ( the fame having
been formerly part of New England) and of how great prejudice to the Act of Na-
vigation, and how dangerous Intruders the Dutchmen are generally upon other
Princes Dominions, what mifchief might enfue to all our Englifh Plantations in
time of War, if the Dutch were permitted to ftrengthen themfelves in the very
heart of His Majefties Dominions, being Mafters of one of the moft commodious
Ports and Rivers in America: His Majefty refolv’d to {eize upon the fame, as his
undoubted Right, and in May 1664. having defign’d four Commiffioners to the
perfecting of Affairs in New England, Collonel Richard Nichols, Six Robert Carr,
George (artwright, and Samuel Mawrick Efquires, with three Ships of War to convey
them to Bofton : The matter was fo order’d, that the fame Ships ferv’d for the ree
ducing of the Town and Fort of New Amfterdam, upon conditions, advantageous
to His Majefty, and eafie to the Dutch,
Now begins New Netherland to lofe the Name, for His Majefty having conferr’d
by Patent upon his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York and Albany, all the Acquifitie
ons made upon Foraigners, together with Long-I/land , the Weft end whereof
was wholly fetled and Peopled by Dutch-men ; his Royal Highnefs impower’d, by
Commiffion as his Deputy-Governor,' Colonel Nichols, Groom of his Bed-chame
ber, to take the Charge and Direétion of Reducing and Governing all thofe Terti-
tories;it was by him thought fit,to change fome principal denominations of Places,
viz, New Netherland into York-fhire; New Amjterdam into New York, Fort-Amfcel into Forte
james; Fort-Orange into Fort: Albany ; and withal, to chan ge Burgomafters, Schepen, and
Schout, into Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriff, with Juftices of the Peace; fo thar all
the Civil Policy is conformable to the Methods and Praétife of England, whereas
New England retains only the name of Conftable in their whole Rolls of Civil Off.
cers,
It is plac’d upon the neck of the Ifland Manhatans, looking towards the Sea; en-
compafs'd with Hud/on’s River, which is fix Miles broad, the Town is compact
and oval, with very fair Streets and feveral good Houfes, the reft'are built much
after the manner of Afolland, to the number of about four hundred Houfes, which
in thofe parts are held confiderable : Upon one fide of the Town is James=Fort, —
capable to lodge three hundred Souldiers and Officers;it hath four Baftions, forty
Pieces of Cannon mounted, the Walls of Stone, lin’d with a thick Rampart of
_ Earth; well accommodated with a Spring of frefh Water, always furnifh’d with
Arms and Ammunition, againft Accidents: Diftant from the Sea feven Leagues,
it affords a fafe Entgance, even to unskilfill Pilots; under the Town fide, Ships of
: 2 any
-a
AMERICA. Chap. If.
any Burthen may Ride fecure againft any Storms, the Current of the River being
sf
_:

the
broken by the interpofition of a fmall Ifland, which liesa Mile diltant from
Town.
About tert Miles from New York is a Place call’d Hell-Gate, which being a nar-
——
.

row Paflage, there runneth a violent Stream both upon Flood and Ebb ; and in the
lie.
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it threatens prefent Shipwrack ; and upon the Flood is a large Whirlwind, which
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pafling farther, and to wait for fome Charon to condué him through ; yet to thofe
that are well acquainted, little or no danger: It isa place of great Defence againft
any Enemy coming in that way, which a fmall Forticfiation would abfolutely
prevent, and ‘neceffitate them to come in at the Weft end of Long-I/land by Sandy
Hook, where Nutten Ifland forces them within the Command of the Fortat New York,
which is one of the beft Pieces of Defence‘in the North parts of America. It 1s built
‘moft of Brick and Stone, and cover’d with red and black Tyle, and the Land being
high, it gives at a diftance'a pleafing profpect to the Spectators. The Inhabicants
confift moft of English and Dutch, and have a confiderable Trade with Indians for
Beaver, Otter, and Rackoon-Skins, with other Furrs; as.alfo for Bear, Deet and
Elke-Skins ;and are fupply’d with Venifon and Fowl in the Winter, and Fifh in .
the Summer by the Indians, which they buy at an eafie Rate ; and having the Coun-
trey round about them, they are continually furnifh’d with all fuch Provifions as
is needful for the Life of Man, not onely by the Englifh and Dutch within their own,
but likewife by the adjacent Colonies. |
iManhattans
River.
The Manhattans, or Great River being the chiefeft, having with two wide Mouths
wath’d the mighty Ifland Watowwaks, falls into the Ocean. The Southern Mouth
is call’d Port May, or Godyns Bay. In the middle thereof lies an Ifland call’d The
~

States Ifland ; and alittle higher the Manhattans, fo call’d from.the Natives, which
SS
a

a
rs on the Eaft fide of the River dwell on the Main Continent. They are acrucl Peo--
ple, and Enemies to the Hollanders, as alfoof the Sanbikans,; which refide on the
ee
= ee
~-=~
— — Weftern Shore. Farther up are the’ Makwaes and Mabikans, which continually War
one againft another. In like manner all the Inhabitants on the Weft fide of the Ris
}: ver Manhattan are commonly at Enmity with thofe that poffefs the Eaftern Shore ;
fei who alfo us’d to be at variance with the Hollanders, when as the other People
ar.
ir. =
Wa
Al
Weftward kept good Correfpondency with them? : es
On a fmall Ifland near the Shore of the Makwaes, lay formerly a Fort, provided
' ;
- i hy

\7 rH

with two Drakes and eleven Stone Guns, yet was at laft deferred.
| ee
=

This Countrey hath many removable Water-falls, defcending from fteep Rocks,
aere
:*

Wholefom 1

large Creeks and Harbors , frefh Lakes and Rivulets, pleafant Fountains and
Waters,

Springs, fome of which boyl in the Winter, and are cold and delightfulto drink in
Summer. The Inhabitants neverreceive any damage by Deluges,; neither from
the Sea, becaufe the Water rifes not above a Foot; nor by the fwelling Rivers,
which .fometimes, for a few days covering the Plains, at their deferting them,
leave them fat and fruitful. The SeasCoaft is Hilly, and of a fandy and clayie
Soil, which produces abundance of Herbs and Trees. |
Trees, The Oak grows there generally fixty or feventy Foot high,and for the moft part
free from Knots, which makes it the better fic for Shipping.
The Nut-trees afford good Fuel, and a Rrange Prolpe& when the Wood is fet
on fire, either to hunt out a Deer, or to cleat the Ground fitto be Till’d.
Some Plants brought hither, grow better than in Holland it elf, as Apples, Pears,
Cherries, Peaches, Apricocks, Strawberries, and the like. » ;
Their
Ghap, Ty: AMERICA. gar 171

bey
‘ owt:
own

a
ag \ee “Ee
¥
Oeity
Weel

Their Vines grow wild in moft places, and bear abundance of blue, white, and vice
Muskadine Grapes : Sometime fince the Inhabitants made a confiderable advane
tage by the Wine of them, which is not inferior to either Rbenifh or French.
“All manner of Plants known in Ewrope grow in their Gardens: The Water Ware Ten:
Lemmons, no lefs pleafing to the Palate than healthful when grown ripe ;theyare
about the bignefs of an ‘indifferent Cabbage : the Englifh prefs a Juice out of them,
which if it did not turn fowre in a fhort time, might well be compat’d with Spas
nifh Wine. | | |
The Calabafbes which grow there, mgde hollow, ferve for Water-cups.
Pumpions are alfo there in great abundance.
Their Wheat though Set fix Foot déep, grows very {peedily : Kidney-Beans Whe
being planted amongft it, they will wind aboutthe Stalks thereof.
Gray Peale ai hereto faft, that they gather them twice a year. Peale:
In one Field Phyfical Herbs and Indigo grow wild in great abundance ;and Bare
ley fprings above a Mans heighth. bhi
_- Moreover, there are divers forts of {weet-{melling Flowers. |
‘The Hills are moft of a fat and clayie Soil, fit tomake Pots, Tobacco-pipes, or Sojlof‘the
any: other fort of Eartheti Ware. |
In fome places alfo is ftore of Mountain Cryftal, and that fort of Mineral which
we call Mu/covia Glafs : Others afford Marble, Serpentine Stone, and other forts
of hard Stone. And though the Natives did not think it worth their while, or were
not in a capacity to dig for Minerals themfelves, yet it remains without contradi- — |
ion; that the Mountains inclofe both Gold and Silver. | vibe
When Captain William (lieff, Anno i645. us'd the Indiaw Interpreter Agheroenfe
(to decide the Differences which arofe between the We/t-India Company and the wild
People call’d Makwaes,) he obferv’d him to paint his Face witha yellow glittering,
colour, which he judg’d to be of fome rich Mineral : whereupon buying fome of
the faid Agheroenfe, he put it into a Crnfible, and gain’d two fmall pieces of Gold
out of the fame, valu’d at fix Shillings, but keeping it private, end purchaling 2
. as ¥F 2 3 great
 AMERIC 4. Chap. TE.
great quantity of thefaid Mineral from Agheroenfe (who had fhow’d him the Moun-
tain which produced the fame) extracted good ftore of Gold out of it ; which
pof
fefling Clieff with a beliefof having found out a bufinels of great confequence, he
fent Arent (orfen of New-haven with the fore-mention’d Mineral to Holland
; but the
Ship being never heard ofafterwards, and the Princefs Pink, in which Captain
Clieff was himfelf, with ftore of the new-found Mineral, being caft away, the Bus
finefs came to nothing,
Paint after a
ftrangeman- “The Inhabitants, though divided into feveral Nations, yet agree in many thing
ner. s,
as in painting their Bodies, Shields, Clubs, and other Utenfils in
their Houfes,
The Colours wherewith they paint themfelves they prefs out of Plants, or
make them of certain Stones grownd into very fine Powder, The chiefeft
Plant is
not unlike the Myrtle, onely it hath more Boughs, and bears'red Berrie
s , the Juice
of which being dry’d in the Sun, is afterwards preferv’d in little
Bags. The Na-
tives temperstheir Colours with Water, and paint their Bodies with the
fame : It
is as good a Purple as can be found, They alfo draw Ships, Trees, and Beafts after
avery rough manner : In ftead of Feathers they wear pleited Hair,
which being
colour’d red, hath an excellent glofs, which never fades though it
Rain on the
lames a,
Horfes,
The’ Horfes bred in this Countrey, being eicher brought thither
from Enge
land or Utrecht, far exceed thofe of Englifh breed ; but are both of them
fubje& to a
ftrange,Difeafe, of which many die in few hours. The fame Diftemper.alfo feizes
on Cattel if they go into Forreft Pafture: But the onely thingtocure the fame, is
Hay from falt Marfhy Grotinds. she | oe
Hogs. The Oaken Woods'have ftore of Hogs, which if taken and
fatned with Turkifh
Wheat, are moft- delicious Meat.“ ” ’» | | i
Sheep. The Sheep, though they breed well there, yet are very {carce, becaufe.the
Plane
ters not being able to fpare Men to ‘watch them, they are often
devour’d by
Wolves. |
There are alfo abundance of Deer, all forts of Fowls, Turkies, Geefe, Ducks
;
Pigeons, and the like.
Lyons. The Lyons, whofe Skins the Indians bring to Market, aretaken on a high
Moun. |
tain fifteen days Journey South-Weft from thence.
BlckBers. “There are likewife many black Bears, fearful of humane kind , but if
Hunted,
they run direéton thofe that purfue them: they fleep all the
Winter, lying fix
Weeks on one fide, and fix on the other, and fucking their Feet all
the time : They
generally lurk among Brambles, or in the Concavities of fome
hollow Mountain. —
Serange On the Borders of Canada there is feen fometimes a kind of Beaft
i
which hath
: fome refemblance with a Horfe, having cloven Feét, fhaggy Mayn,
.
one Horn jut
on their Forehead, a Tail like that ofa wild Hog, black Eyes, and
a Deers Neck :
oe
et
eeee

it feeds in the neareft Wilderneffes : the Males never come amongft the
=); =
—
>
_5 —
— Females
except at the time when they Couple, after which they grow fo
rayenous, that they
2
- not onely devour other Beafts, but alfo one another. ,
Towards the South of New York are many Buffles, Beafts which (accor
~———

ding to
Erafmus Stella) are betwixt a Horfe and a Stag : though they are of a ftron
g Conftie
tution, yet they die of the {mallet Wound, and are fubject to the
Falling.-fick-
ne{s: they have broad branchy Horns like a Stag, fhort Tail, rough
Neck, Hair
colour’d according to the feveral Seafons of the Year, broad and
long Ears, hang-
ing Lips, little Teeth, and Skin fo thick, as not eafie to be pierce
d : The Females
differ from the Males, for they have no Horns ; both may eafily be
made tame :
when Hunted, they vomit ont a fort of {calding Liquor onthe Dogs
: they have -
great
Chap. Il. AMERICA — -
“193

ee —_—- + - - - : --- .** == . wt ete

~ =, = > a
3

great force in their Claws, for they can kill a Wolf with the fame at one blow :
their Fleth, either frefh or falted, is a good Diet : their Claws alfo cure the Falling-
ficknefs. ive
But no Beafts are more plentiful here than Harts and Stags, which feed up and ¥***
down in great Herds: when they are Hunted by Wolves or Men, they immedi«
ately take the next River, where they are caught feveral together, by.being crofs’d”
in theit Swimming, and affrighted by the Eccho which comes from the Mountains,
made by the Hunters hollowing on the other Shore, which makes them fearfulof
Landing : whilft che Hunt{men joyning feveral pieces of Wood together get up-
on them, and Rowing towards thefe Deer, intercept them, being tir’'d and out of
breath. | | :
Moreover , this Countrey breeds many Musk Cats, efpecially in Marfhy Musk-Cass
Grounds, Thefe Beafts are beautiful to the Eye, having black fpeckled Skins,
their Mouths, full of fharp Teeth, and their Tails being long trail after them.
Many of the Learned maintain a Difpute concerning Civet, Whether it be the
Seed of the Civet-Cat ? the Affirmative, which Cardanus maintain’d, is contradicted
by Julius Scaliger. Matthiolus, an Author of no little credit, fuwppofes that Civer is
the Sweat of the Cat, becaufe it is moft chiefly taken when thefe Beafts are exceed.
ingly vex’d and wearied: But fince the Sweat runs from all parts of the Body,
which neverthelefs do not all produce Civet, it is impoffible that Sweat fhould be
Civet. Others account Civet to be the Dung of the Cats, which laft feems to
come neareft to truth : for certainly it. is nothing elfe but an Excrement in the’. 3
flefhy parts about their Pizzle, or near the Fundament. The Cats being in pain
to be difcharg’d of this Civet, free themfelves from it by rubbing a Tree; and alfo
ef
al
ty

fawn on thofe which take it from them with a Spoon,

uy
t
"i,

Belides all other wild Creatures, the Countrey according to Adrian Vander Fad
—~
“a

Donk, produces yearly eighty: thoufand Beavers. Pliny relates, thatthefe Beafts bite at
off their Pizzles and throw them tothe Hunter, which are an exceeding good’ Me-
dicine to help Abortion, ftop the Monethly Flowers, GiddinefS in the Head,
) gel oe Gout, ts
 AMERICA. Chap. II.
Gout, Lamenefs, Belly and Tooth-ach, Rhumes, Poyfon, and the Evil. But Pliny
makes a great miftake herein, for the Beavers have a {mall Piffel faften’d to their
Back-bone, in fuch a manner, that they cannot loofe them but with hazard of their
lives: They live in the Water, and on the Shore, in great companies together, in
Nefts built of Wood, which deferve no {mall admiration, being made after this
manner: The Beavers firft gather all the loofe Wood, which they find along the
Banks of the Rivers, of which, if there be not enough, they bite the Bark off from
the Trees in the neighboring Woods, then with their Tusks, of which two grow
above, and two below in their Mouths, they gnaw the main body of the Tree fo
long, till ic drops afunder : ‘Their Nefts very artificial, are fix Stories high, cover’d
on the top with Clay to keep out Rain* in the middle isa paflage which goes to
the River, into which they run fo foon as they perceive a Man ; to which purpofe
one of them ftands Sentinel, and in the Winter keeps open the Water from freez-
ing, by continual moving.of his Tail, which is flat without Hair, and the moft
delicious Meat that can be had. The Beavers go big fixteen Weeks, and once a
year bring forth four young, which fuck and cry like young Children, for the
Dam of them tifes on her hinder Feet, and gives her Teats, which grow between
the fore-legs to two of her young, each of them one; \the foremoft legs of a Beaver
refemble thofe of aDog, the hindermoft thofe of aGoofe ; on each fide of the vent
are two {wellings within two thin Skins; out oftheir vent runs generally an Oily
moyfture, with which they anoint all the parts of their body which they can reach,
to keep them from being wet; within they are like a cut-up Hog; they live on the
Leayes and Barks of Trees ; ithey love theit young ones exceedingly ; the long
Hairs, which fhining, ftick out on the back, fall offinSummer, and grow again
againft Harveft; they have fhort Necks, ftrong Sinews and Legs, and move very
fwiftly in the Water, and on the Land; if incompafs'd by Men or Dogs, they bite
moft feverely ;the right Castorewm,fo highly efteem’d by Phyficians, is a long Vefica,
not unlike a Pear,within the body ofthe female Beaver, the Indians mince the Cods
of the Male Beavers amongft their Tobacco, becaufe they produce no Caftoreum.
Fowls jn
New York,
This Country abounds.alfo with Fowls: for befides Hawks, Kites, and other
Birds of Prey, there are abundance of Cranes, of feveral forts, fome grey, fome
brown, others quite white; all of them have firm Bodies, and Bones without Mar-
row, Claws of a finger long, ftrong and crooked Bills, their Brains dry, their Eyes
little and hollow, hard Features, the left Foot leffer than the right, both déform’d,
their Blood thick, and the Excrements of a horrid {mell; they breed moft in old
Woods, whofe ground is without Brambles, and alfo near the Water, for they
feed on Fifh, and devour all forts of Fowls, nay, {natch up Hares, Rabbets, Tor-
tels, and feveral other forts of Animals, which they carry away with them in the
Air; nay, when hungry, they feize on one anorher ; fome of them fly abroad for
their prey about noon, others at Sun-rifing ; they fall like Lightning on what e’re
they purfue; they drink little, except the Blood of thofe Creanurel Which they de-
vour; they are very libidinous, coupling above thirty times a day} not only with
their like, but alfo with the Hens of Hawks, and other Birds; they lay their big-
geft Eggs in thirty days, and the leffer in twenty days ; they generally bring forth
three young ; thofe of them that cannot endure to look full againft the Sun, are
thrown out of their Nefts ; the young ones when they begin to be fiedg’d, are by
the old carry’d into the Air, and let flie, but fupported by them; their fight is
wonderful quick; for though they flie ashigh as ever they are able to be difcern’d,
yet they can fee the leaft Pifh that is in the Water, and a Hare lying in the Bufhes:
their Breath ftinks horribly , wherefore their Carcafes fuddenly ror, though they .
are
 195
Chap. Il. AMERICA.
are libidinous, yet they live long ; moft of them die of hunger, becaufe their Bills
when they grow old, grow fo crooked, that they cannot open the fame, where-
fore they flie up into the Air againft the Sun, and falling into the coldeft Rivers,
loofe their Feathers anddie. _ uns
Befides the foremention’d Birds of prey, there are abundance of Storks, Ravens,
Crows, Owls, Swallows, Gold-finches, Ice-birds, Kites, Quails, Pheafants, and
Winter-Kings, and which are moft remarkable for their rich Feathers, the Spechtes,
they pick great holes in Trees, and make a noife as if aMan were cutting downa |
Tree. The Pigeons flie in fuch flocks, that the Indians remove with them to the _ Piso
place where they make their Nefts,where the young ones being taken by hundreds,
ferve them for a Moneths Provifion. ,
Moreover, New York breedsja ftrange Bird about aThumb long, full of gli- Pret Birds
ftering Feathers; it lives by fucking of Flowers like a Bee, and is fo tender, that
it immediately dies if water be {pirted upon it; the Carcafe being dry’d, is kept.
for a Rarity.
But this Countrey abounds chiefly in Turkies, whofe plenty deferves no lefs turkie,
admiration than their bulk, and the delicious tafte of their Flefh,for they go feeding
forty or fifty in a flock, and weigh fometime forty or fifty pound apiece ; the Na-
tives either fhoot them, or take them with a Bait ftuck on an Angle: In Marchand
Harveft the Waters {warm with Geefe, Teal, Snites, Ducks, and Pelicans, befides
many ftrange forts of Fowls not known in Europe. |
The Rivers and Lakes produce Sturgeon, Salmon, Carps, Pearch, Barbils, all = Fit
forts of Eels, and many other Fifh which are taken near Water-falls : The Sea af-
fords Crabs with and without Shells, Seascocks, and Horfes, Cod, Whiting,Ling,
-Herrings, Mackrel, Flounders, Tar-buts, Tortels, and Oyfters, of which fome are
a Foot long, and have Pearl, but are a little brownifh.
Amongft the Poyfonous Creatires which infeft New York, the chiefeft and moft
dangerous is the Rattle-Snake, whofe defcription we have already had at large in Ratte-snate:
New England. f |
The Inhabitants have their Hair black as Jet, harfh like Horfe-hair; they are | Coir
broad Shoulder’d, {mall Wafted, brown Ey’d, their Teeth exceeding white; with ™>0™
“Water they chiefly quench their Thirft : Their general Food is Flefh,Fifh jand Indian - Their Diet.
Wheat, which ftamp’d, is boyl’d to a Pap, by them call’d Sappaen : They obferve
no fet time to Eat, but when they have an Appetite their Meals begin, Beavers
Tails are amongft them accounted a great Dainty: When they go to Hunt, they
‘live feveral days on parch’d Corn, which they carry in little Bags ty’d about their
middle, a little of that faid Corn thrown into Water {wells exceedingly.
Henry Hudfon relates, That Sailing in the River Montams, in forty Degrees, he , Radin
faw the Indians make ftrange Geftures in their Dancing and Singing ; he obferv’d “bs
farther, that they carry’d Darts pointed with fharp Stones, Sodder’d to the Wood;
that they flept under the Sky on Mats or Leaves; took much Tobacco, and very
ftrong; and that though courteous and friendly, they were very Thieves. He
Sailing thirty Leagues further, went in his Boat to an old Indian Commander of
forty Men and feventeen Women, who conduéed: him to the Shore, where they-all
dwelt in one Houfe, artificially built of the Barks of Oak-trees ; round about it
lay above three Ships load of Corn, and Indian Beans to dry, befides' the Plants
which grew inthe Fields. No fooner had Hudfon enter’d the Houle , but he was
receiv'd on two Mats {pread on the ground; and two Men immediately were fent
out to fhoot Venifon or Fowls; and inftantly returning, brought two Pigeons; a
fat Dog, whom they nimbly flea’d with fhells, was alfo laid down to the of
| They
 76 AMERICA. Chap! an

tol a
ty ip

pee”"g) ~
1

ASTRO Hy
=;
iY, rhe
ye wt i =-
p ty
prue
Lae *

La ill =——
an Wy 1; i
s1ny rit \ ;

ea
i). . .

Sa A
if bh
ye
} mult q
i >

i,
— Hi) :
vk
— = nh eo ! yl : %

2) iis
= JB . =.
=)
, na . —— == :
‘One » 4 , = ’ =
‘ Y 2See: f aot =e
>
« rn
~——' - ca “> —_ ome
Ser =: reeee= Seste mee
—<- — = = ~,
ae
oe a
. . ; > 7” B ;
: -

They alfo made other Preparations for Hudfons Entertainment, ‘but not willing to
venture himfelf amongft them, that Night,tafted not of ir, notwithftanding the In.
dians breaking their Darts, threw them into the fire, that thereby they might drive
away all fears and jealoufies from him.
New Ne-
therlanders
The Habits of the Natives,efpecially of the Men,
are few; the Women go more
Apparel.
neat than the Men; and though the Winter pinches them with exceffive cold, yer
they go naked tiil their thirteenth year: Both Men and Women wear a Girdle of
Whale-fins and Sea-fhells; the Men put a piece of Cloth, half an Elllong, and
three quarters broad, between their Legs, fo that a fquare piece hangs behind be-
low his Back, and another before over his Belly. The Women wear a Coat which
comes half way down their Legs,fo curioufly wrought with Sea-fhells,chat one Coat
fometimes cofts thirty Pounds. Moreover, their Bodies are cover’d with Deer-
, Skins, the lappets or ends of which hang full of Points ; a large Skin button’d on
f
the right Shoulder, and ty’d about the middle, ferves for an upper Garment, and
‘in the Night for a Blanket : Both Men and Women go for the moft part bares
headed; the Women tie their Hair behind in a tuft, over which they weara fquare
~—
—
Cap wrought with Seashells, with which they adorn their Foreheads, and alfo wear
the fame about their Neck and Hands, and fome alfo about their middle. Before
= ———
= =="
ee the Hollanders were Planted here, they wore Shoes and Stockings of Buffelo’s-skins ;
—~
—ae
"s
—

=
fome likewife made Shoes of Wheaten-ftraw , but of late they come nearer to our
—
~z
_
=
=
Fafhions : The Men Paint their Faces with feveral Colours; the Women only
put here and there a black Spot, both of them ate very refervid.
~el
*
Eee
—

Their boules.’ Their Houfes are moft of them built of one fafhion, onely differing in length ;
eS
—— all of them agree in breadth of twenty Foot: They build after this manner, they
fet Peel’d Boughs of Nut-Trees in the ground, according to the bignefs of the
ind,

place which they intend to build, then joyning the tops of the Boughs together,
or

ee
te

Fame

they cover the Walls and top with thé Bark of Cyprefs, Athen, and Cheft-nut-
Trees , which are laid one upon another , the fmalleft fide being turn’d inwards:
according to the bignef$ of the Houfes, feveral Families, to the number of fifteen
: ; | dwell
 Chap. II. AMERICA
dwell together, every one having his Apartment.
Their Fortifications are moft of
77
them builc on fteep Hills, near Rivers ; the accef
s to them is onely at one place,
they-are built after this manner : They fet great Poles in
the Ground, with Oaken
Pallifadoes on each fide, crofs-ways one amongft another
; between the croffes the
fetother Trees, to ftrengthen the Work: Within this incl
os’d they generally build
twenty or thirty Houfes, of which fome area hundred and
eighty Foot long, and
fome lefs, all of them full of People : In the Summer
they pitch Tents along by
the River fide to Fifh; againft Winter they remove
into the Woods, to be near Removed
their Game of Hunting, and alfo Fuel.
To take many Women is not cuftomary here, only amon
gft Military Officers, Many Wives}
who Marry three or four Wivés, which {6 well agree,
thac there is never any dif-
ference betwixt them ; thofe that are no
oftAge, never Marry but with the confent
and advice of their Parents: Widows and unmarry’
d Men follow their own opini-
on and.chojce; only they take Cognizance of their
Eftates and Extra@ion: The
' Bridegroom always prefents the Bride , for the leaft
offence, the Man after having
foundly beaten his Wife, turns her out of Doors, and Marries
another, infomuch,
that fome of them have every yeara new Wife: On brea Marriages. '
ch of Marriage, the Chil-
dren follow the Mother, from whom they account their
Generation : They. ac-
count Adultery, if committed under the bare Canopy
of Heaven, a great Sin;
Whoring is Licenc’d to fingle Women, if they receive
Money for it, and no Man Whoring pers
{cruples to Marry them ; nay, thofe that are Marry’d, boalt mitted,
how many they have
enjoyd before their Matriage : She that is inclin’d to Marr
y, covers her whole Strange Mars
body, and fets her felf wrapt up in the middle of the rying.
way , where a Batchelor
pafling by fees her, and makes up the Match blindfold :
When impregnated, they
take great care that their Fruit receives no hindrance nor
prejudice: When the
time of their Delivery approaches, (which they know exaé Child-bear-
tly) they go toa Melan- ing Womens
cholly place in the Woods, though in the coldeft Weather, wher ftrange aGi-~
e they raife up a ons,
Hut of Mats, and bring the Child into the World without any
help or Company,
wath the Child in cold Water, and Wrap it up in Mats; then
a few days after g0-
ing home , they bring up the Infant with great care, none
putting them out to
Nurfle; So long as a Woman gives fuck, or is quick with
Child, fhe will not ad-
mit of Copulation; one who hath the Flowers, never comes abro
ad : In time of
ficknefs they faithfully amit ong another: When any die, thé
neareft Relations
fhut their Eyes , and.after-having watch’d them fome days, they Funerals,
are Interr’d after '

this manner.:.The Corps is plac’d fitting with a Stone under

its Head, near it they
feta Pot, Kettle, Dith, Spoons, Money, and Provifions to ufe
in the other World,
then they pile Wood round about it, and cover it over with
Planks, on which
throwing Earth and Stones, they fet Pallifadoes, and make the Grav
e like a Houfe,
to which they fhew Veneration, wherefore they account it a great
piece of villany
to deface any thing of it: The Men make no fhew of forrow over the
Dead, ‘but
the Women mourn exceedingly, and carry themfelves very ftra
ngely, beating their
Breafts, {cratching their Faces, and calling night and day on the
name of the De-
ceasd: ‘The Mothegs make great Lamentation at the Death of their Chil Mournin
dren, ef- over the dead
pecially Sons, for they fhave off the Hair of their Heads, which at the remarkable,
Funeral is
burnt in the prefence of all their Relations; which is alfo
perform’d by the Wo-
men when their Husbands die , befides, they black all their Faces, and
putting on
a Hart-skin Shirt, mourn a whole year, notwithftanding they liv’d very
conten- _
tioully together.
_ On fome occafions they go a Worfhipping ofthe Devil, to a certain place
where Conjurers.
the Sorcerers ‘fhew ftrange Feats of Activity, tumbling over and
over, beating
thems
 AMERICA. Chap. IE.
2 great Fire: at latt
themfelves, and not without great noife leaping in and abont
s to
_ they makea great Cry all together ; upon which (as they fay) the Devil appear
the other
them in the fhape either of a tame or wild Beaft: the firft fignifies bad ,and
the bu-
good fortune ; both inform them of future Events, though darkly, and if
De-
finefs fall out ‘contrary, they affirm that they have not rightly underftood the
vil’s meaning. Moreover they bewitch fome in fucha manner, that they foam at
and fo
the Mouth, throw themfelves into the Fire, and beat themfelves feverely ;
immedi+_
foon as they whifper in the Ear of thofe whom they have bewitch’d, they
ately recover their former health. | a
Language of The Language of this Countrey is very various, yet it is divided into onely four
principal Tongues, as the Manhattans, Wappanoo, Siavanoo, and Mingua's, which are
the New Ne-
therlauders.

very difficult for Strangers to learn, becaufe they are {poken without any Grounds
or Rules. | | |
Money.
Their Money is made.of the innermoft Shells of a certain Shell-fith, caft up
twice a year by the Sea: Thefe Shells they gtind {mooth, and make a Hole in
the middle, cutting them of an exact bignels, and fo put them on Strings, which
|
then ferve in ftead of Gold, Silver, and Copper Coin.
Vices and Now ro fay fomething of the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants. They are
much
in the firft place very flovenly and nafty, ftubborn, covetous, revengeful,and
Vertues.

addicted to filching and ftealing. Some appear refery'd, ufing few words, which
they utter after ferious confideration, and remember along time. Their Under-
ftandings being improv’d by the Hollanders, they are quick of apprehenfion, to di-
, are very patient
ftinguifh good from bad : they willnot endure any Oppreflionbut
Strange of Heat,Cold,Hunget and Thirft. They have a ftrange way of ufing Stoves, which.-
are (et in the Ground and cover’d with Earth, into which they go through a litele
Stoves.

Door. A fick Perfon coming into the fame, fets himfelf down, and places hot
Stones round about him; whichdone, and having {weat a confiderable time, he
leaps into cold Water, by which he finds eafe of all his Diftempers. ,
Though thefe People know no great diftingtion between Man and Man, as
other Nations, yet they have noble and ignoble Families amongft them , fuperior
‘and inferior Offices, which they enjoy by Inheritance ; but fometimes the Martial
Offices are beftowed according to the Valour of the Perfons: Their Generals fel-
dom give their Enemies a Field-Battel, by drawing or dividing their Men into Res
giments or Companies, but make it their whole Defign to defeat their Enemies by”
fudden Sallies from Ambufcado’s; for they never ftand ont a clofe Fight, unlefs
compell’d to it, but if encompa{s’d round, they fight to the laff Man. When any
danger threatens, the Women and Children are convey’d to a fecure place. Their
Arms, Arms formerly were Bowes and Arrows, and,Battel-axes, but now they ufe Muf-
quets, which they have learn’d to handle with great dexterity. Their fquare
Shields cover all their Bodiesand Shoulders. About their Heads they tie a Snakes
Skin, in the middle of which fticks either a Fox’s or Bear's Tail. They cannot be
known by their Faces, they are all over fo befmear’d with Paint of divers colours.
Remarkable
actions of
They feldom give Quarter to their Enemies, except Women and Children, which
fome Prifon-
ers,
the Conquerors ufe as their own, that by that means they may increafe and
firengthen themfelves : and if any Prifoner is not kill’d prefently after the Bartel,
but falls into the Hands of one whofe Relations have formerly been flain by his
Party, he is Roafted three days by degrees before he gives up the Ghoft. It de-
ferves no {mall admiration, thatthe Sufferer during the whole time of his Torture,
Sings till he breathes his laft. They have few or no Punifhments for any Offence,
Laws. committing few Crimes which are by them accounted Capital. If any one fteal,
and
 Chap. II. AMERICA.
“and the Goods be found in his cuftody, the Governor of the place where he refides
commands him onely to reftore the fame to the Owner. If any one murther or kill
the other, the Relations of the flain, if they can take the Malefactor in twenty four
hours, may without Examination or delay put him to death alfo ; but that time
_ being once expir’d, the Revenger is liable to be kill’d in the fame time by his Rela-
tions whom he flew. All Obligations have their power and vertue from certain
Prefents deliver’d upon the making of a Contract, which is donethus: They dry
as many Sticks as they have Articles, which if they agree upon, every Man on the
concluding of the Difcourfe lays a Prefent before the others Feet. Sometimes they
hang up the Prefents, becaufe they are ofterfthree days in Confultation before they
refolve , after which if the Prefents be taken down, it is a certain fign of their
Agreement ; but if not, they proceed no farther, unlefs the Articles and:Prefents
are alter’'d. On Bufineffes of confequence the Commonalcy repair to their Govers .

nor’s Houle, there to hear and enquire what the Nobility there aflembled have Council- Af.
fembly,
concluded or refoly’d on; at which the beft Orator ftanding up, tells them their
Intentions. It happens fometimes that a turbulent Perfon making a Mutiny, and
refufing tohearken to reafon, is immediately beheaded by one of the Nobility ;
in contradiétion of which none dare prefume to {peak the leaft word.
There are {carce any fteps of Religion found amongft thefe People, onely they Religion;

fuppofe the Moon to have great influence on Plants. The Sun, which overlooks
all things, is call’d to witnefs whene’re they Swear. They bear great ref{pect, and
ftand much in fear of Satan, becaufe they are often plagued by him when they goa
Hunting or Fifhing : wherefore-the firft of what they take is burnt in honor of
him, that he to whom they afcribe all wickednefs might not hurt them. When Diabolical
Worthip.
they feel pain in any part of their Body, they fay that the Devil fits in the fame.
They acknowledge that there refides a God above the Stars, but troubles not him- Their.ridicii-
lous Opiniori
felf with what the Devil doth on Earth, becaufe he continually recreates himfelf of God,

with a moft beautiful Goddefs, whofe original is unknown; She ona certain time
(fay they) defcended from Heaven into the Water, (for before the Creation all As alfo of rhe
Creations

things were Water) into which fhe had inftantly funk, had not the Earth arofe uns
der her Feet, which grew immediately to fuch a bignefs, that there appear’d a
World of Earth, which produc’d all forts of Herbs and Trees ; whilft the Goddefs
taking to her felf a Hart,Bear,and Wolf, and Conceiving by them, fhe was not long
after delver’d of feveral Beafts at one time : and fromthence proceeded not onely
the diverfity of Beafts, but alfo Men, of which fome are black, white, or fallow;
in nature fearful like a Hart, or cruel and valiant like a Bear, or deceitful like
‘Wolves: after this the Mother of all things afcended up to Heaven again, and
{ported there with the Supream Lord, whom they fay they know not, becaufe they
never faw him : wherefore they fhall have lefs to anfwer for than (briftians, which
pretend to know him tobe the Punifher of things both good and bad, which are
daily committed by them: and for this ridiculous Opinion they can hatdly be
brought to embrace the (,hriftian Faith.
Concerning the Souls of the Deceafed, they believe, that thofe which have been Of the Im-
mortality of
good in their life-time, live Southward in a temperate Countrey, where they enjoy the Soul. ;

all'manner of pleafure and delight ; when asthe Wicked wander up and down ina
miferable Condition. The Eccho which refounds from the Cries of wild Beafts in
the Night, they fuppofe to be the Spirits of Souls tranfmigrated into wicked
Bodies.
_ Ac their Cantica’s, or Dancing-Matches, where all Perfons that come are freely Their Cantj.
ca’s, or Dawe
Entertain’d, it being a Feftival times Their Cuftoti is when they Dance, for the cing,

Spectator
f
 AME RIAC-4. | Chap. II.
S pectatorsto have fhort Sticks in their Hands, and to knock the Ground and Sin
altogether, whilft they that Dance fometimes a& Warlike poftures, and then they
comein painted for War with their Faces black and red, or fome all black, fome all
red, with fome ftreaks of white under theit Eyes, and fo jump and leap up and
down without any order, uttering many Expreffions of their intended Valour,
For other Dances they onely fhew what antick Tricks their ignorance will lead
them to, wringing of their Bodies and Faces after a ftrange manner, fometimes
jumping into the Fire, fometimes catching up a Firebrand, and biting offa live
Coal, with many fuch tricks, that will affright rather than pleafe an Englifh-man
to look upon them, refembling rather’ company of infernal Furies that! Men.
Their fing * When their King or Sachem fits in Council,he hath a Company of Arm’d Mento
guard his Perfon, great refpect being fhewn him by che People, which is princi-
pally manifefted by their filence. After he hath declared the caufe of their Cons
—s+>
_-
=a
=alan
vention, he demands their Opinion, ordering who fhall begin: The Perfon or-
>Es: :
der’d to fpeak, after he hath declar’d his mind, tells them hehathdone: no Man.
en
~_—
ic4
a
= ever interrupting any Perfon in his Speech, nor offering to fpeak, though he make
Eee
+ never fo many long ftops, till he fays he hath no more to fay. The Council having
all declar’d their Opinions, the King after fome paufe gives the definitive Sentence,
which is commonly feconded with a fhout from the People, every one feeming to
_ applaud and manifeft their Affent to what is determin’d.
If any Perfon be condemn’d to die, which is feldom, unlefs for Murther or Ins
ceft, the King himfelf goes out in Perfon (for you muft underftand they have no
Prifons, and the guilty Perfon fliesinto the Woods) where they go in queft of him,
and having found him, the King fhoots firft, though at never fuch a diftance,
and then happy is the Man that can fhoot him down ; for he that hath the for-
tune to be Executioner, is for his pains made fome Captain, or other Military
Officer. ! | :
They greafe their Bodies and Hair very often, and paint their Faces with feve.
ral Colours, as black, white, red, yellow, blue, ec. which they take great pride in,
every one being painted ina fever#$ manner. r
Within two Leagues of New York lieth Staten-Ifland, it bears from New York Weft
fomething Southerly : It is about twenty Miles long, and four or five broad, moft
it very good Land, full of Timber, and producing all fuch Commodities as
x Long-Ifland doth, befides Tin and ftore of Iron Oar ; and the (alamine Stone is faid
likewife to be found there : There is but one Town upon it, confifting of Englifh
and French, but it is capable of entertaining more Inhabitants. ve
Betwixt this and Long-Ifland is a large Bay, which is the éoming in for all Ships
and Veffels out ofthe Sea. Fava .
On the North-fide of this Ifland After-skull River puts into the <a Land, on
the Welt-fide whereof there are two or three Towns, buton the Eaftefide but one.
There are very great Marfhes or Meadows on both fides-6f it, excellent good Land,
and good convenitnce for the fetling of feveral Towns. There grows black Wal.
nut and Locuft,‘as there doth in Virginia, with mighty,tall freight Timber, as good
asany inthe Northof America: It prodyceth any x mmodity which. Long. Ifland
doth, ~-» Hi Bs | iq
Hudfon’s River runs by New York Northward,
into the Countrey, towards the
Head of which is feated New Albany, a Place of great Trade with the Indians, bee
twixt which and New York, being above a hundred Miles, jsas good Corn-Land as
the World affords, enough to entertain hundreds of Families, which in the time of
the Dutch Government of thefe Parts could not befetled by reafon of the Indians, ex-
cepting
 Chap. II. AMERICA. 181
cepting one Place, call’d The Sopers, which was kept by a Gatrifon, but fince the Re-
ducement'of thefe Parts under His Majefties Obedience, anda Patent granted to
his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York, which is about fix years, by the care and dili-
gence of the. Honorable Collonel Nichols, fent thither as Deputy to his Highnelfs,
fuch a League of Peace was made, and Friendfhip concluded betwixt that Colony
and the Indians, that they have not refifted or difturb’d any Chriflians there, in the
fetling or peaceable poffefling of any Lands within that Government, bie every
Man hath fat under his own Vine,and hath peaceably reap’d and enjoy’d the Fruits
of their own Labors, which God continue.
Weftward of After-skull River before mention’d, about eighteen or twenty Miles, Rarttan-Ri-
wr,

runs in Raritan River Northward into the Countrey fome {cores of Miles ; both
fides of which River are adorn’d with {pacious Meadows, enough to feed thoufands
of Cattel : The Wood-Land is very good for Corn, and ftor’d with wild Beafts,
as Deer, Elks, andan innumerable multitude of Fowl, as in other parts of the
Countrey. This River is thought very capable for the erecting of feveral Towns
and Villages on each fide ofit, no placein the North of America having better con-
. venience for the maintaining ofall forts of Cattel for Winter and Summer Food.
Upon this River ismo Town fetled, onely oneatthe Mouth of it;but next to it,
Weftward, is a Place call’d Newa/ons ; where are two or three Towns and Villages
fetled upon the Sea-fide, but none betwixt that and Delaware-Bay, which is about
fixty Miles,allwhich isa rich Champain Countrey, free from Stones, and indiffe-
rent level, having ftore of excellent good Timber, and very well water’d, having
Brooks or Rivers ordinarily, one or more in every Miles travel. ‘This Countrey
is peopled onely with wild Beafts, as Deer, Elks, Bears, and other Creatures, fo
that ina whole days Journey you fhall meet with no Inhabitants except a few
Indians. It is.alfo full of ftately Oaks, whofe broad-branch’d tops ferve for no other
ufe, but to keep off the Suns heat from the wild Beafts of the Wildernefs, where is
Grafs ashigh asa Man’s Middle, which ferves for no other end, except to maine
tain the Elks and Deer, who never devour a hundredth part of it, than to be burnt
every Spring to make way fornew. How manygpoor People in the World would
think them{felves happy, had they an Acre or two of Land,whilft here is hundreds,
nay thoufands of Acres that would invite Inhabitants,
_ Delaware-Bay, the Mouth of the River, lieth about the mid way betwixt New Delawate-
Bay.
,

York and the Capes of Virginia. \

The beft Commodities for any to carry with them to this Countrey is Clothing,
the Countrey being full of all forts of Cattel, which they may furnifh themfelves
withal at an eafie Rate, for any fort of Englifh Goods, as likewife Inftruments for
Husbandry and Building, with Nails, Hinges, Glafs, and the like. They get a Live-
lihood principally by Corn and Carcel swhich will there fetch them any Commodi-
ties: Likewife they Sowe ftore of Flax. which they make every one Cloth of for
their own wearing ; as alfo Woollen Cloth, and Linfey-woolley ; and had they
more Tradefmen amongft them, they would in a little time live without the help
of any other Countrey for their Clothing ; for Tradefmen there are none but live
happily there, as Carpenters, Blackfmiths, Mafons, Taylors, Weavers, Shoemakers,
Tanners, Brickmakers, and fo any othet Trade : Them that have no Trade bez
take themfelvesto Husbandry, get Land of their own, and live exceeding well.
We fhall conclude our Difcourfe of this Countrey with a notable Character gi-
ven thereof by a late Writer, as to the great advantage of happy living in all re-
{pects, for whofoever fhall be pleas’d to betake himfelf thither to live.

Waist | tf
 182 AMERICA Chap. I.
any People, efpeci-
Ape Geis “ke there be any terreftrial happinefs (faith he) tobe had by
furnifh
py Countrey.
«ally of an inferior rank, it muft certainly behere. Here any one may
« himfelf with Land, and live Rent-free, yea, with fuch a quantity of Land, that
‘Che may weary himfelf with walking over his Fields of Corn, and all forts of
«Grain, and let his Stock amount to fome hundreds, he needs not fear there want
affording fufficie
«of Pafture in the Summer, or Fodder in the Winter, the Woods
« ent fupply, where you have Grafs ashigh as a Man’s Knees, nay, as high as his
c¢ Wafte, interlac’d with Pea-Vines, and other Weeds that Cattel much delight in,
half.
¢ as much as a Man can pafs through : And thefe Woods alfo every Mile or
,
e Mile are furnifh’d with freth Ponds, Brooks, or Rivers, where all forts of Cartel
‘¢ during the heat of the day, do quench their thirft, and cool themfelves. Thefe
- =-

“ Brooks and Rivers being inviron’d of each fide with feveral forts of Trees and
Ad SS eyo
. nean
ee .—_
-
“¢ Grape- Vines, Arborslike interchanging places, and croffing thefe Rivers, do fhade
Such as by their utmoft
( —~—

~
ae —
"=
-“e --7~o+sve
«and fhelter them from the fcorching beams of the Sun.
« Labors can {carcely get a Living, may here procure Inheritances of Lands and
7Owe
.me
=in
-——>_

« Poffeffions, ftock themfelves with all forts of Cartel, enjoy the benefit of them
=7
@@
>
Se
=~
-->

<< whilft they live, and leave them to theit Children when they die. Here youneed
ee,
tl
—>
wt)
=Toa
—aoe
==es
wees
ee
=—
-5 “
any
Pa==.

=F
-

<t not trouble the Shambles for Meat, nor Bakers and Brewers for Beer and Bread,
nor run toa Linnen-Draper for a fupply, every one making their own Linnen,
Deis
- yy
">: 2Oo
es

“
none
a
lg
a
_
« and a great part of their woollen Cloth for their ordinary wearing. And how
« prodigal (if Imay fo fay) hath Nature beento furnifh this Countrey with all
« fortsof wild Beafts and Fowl, which every one hath an intereftin, and may Hunt
‘cat his pleafure ; where, befides the pleafure in Hunting, he may furnifh his Houle
« with excellent fat Venifon, Turkies, Geefe, Heath-hens, Cranes, Swans, Ducks,
‘¢ Pigeons, and the like ; and wearied with that, he may go.a Fifhing, where the
“ Rivers are fo furnifh’d, that he may fupply himfelf with Fifh before he can leave
¢ off the Recreation. Here one may travel by Land upon the fame Continent
‘¢ hundreds of Miles, and pafs through Towns and Villages, and never hear the
¢ Jeaft complaint for want, nor hear any ask him for a Farthing. Here one may
‘t lodge in the Fields and Woods, travel from oneend of the Countrey to another,
‘¢ with as much fecurity as if he were lock’d within his own Chamber: And if
€ one chance to meet with an Indian Town, they fhall give him the beft Entertain-
<¢ ment they have, and upon his defire dire& him on his Way. But that which
Peo-
«adds happinels to all the reft, is the healthfulnefs of the Place, where many
<¢ ple in twenty years time never know what Sicknefs is; where they look upon it
« as a great Mortality, if two or three die out of a Town ina years time. Befides
é¢ the {weetnels of the Air, the Countrey it {elf fends forth fuch a fragrant fmell,
that it may be perceiv’d at Sea before they can make the Land :. No evil Fog or
¢¢ Vapor doth any fooner appear, buta North-Weft or Wefterly Wind immediately
* diffolves it, and drives it away. Moreovyou er,fhall {carce fee a Honfe, but the
& South-fide is begirt with Hives of Bees, which increafe after an incredible man
‘¢ner: Sothat if there be any terreftrial Canaan, ‘tis furely here, where the Land
« floweth with Milk and Honey. 3 ae

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NEW DESCRIPTION
OF

MARYLAND.
———— i $$ ee

8) EG Tell hl ke

=| Efore We proceed tothe Defcription of this Countrey, .it

will be firftrequifice to relate the true occafion and means,
whereby this part of America came to be eregted into a Pros
‘vince, and call’d Mary-land.
In the Year of our Lord 1631. George Lord Baltemore.obs
tain’d-of King Charles the Firft,of Great Brittain,exc. a Grant
of that part of America, ( firft difcover’d by the Englifh)
which ‘lies between the Degreesof thirty feven and fifty 1“

Minutes, ot thereabouts, and forty of Northerly Latitude; which is bounded on oe

ra
‘>a. w

the South. by Virginia, onthe North, by New England, and ‘New Jerfey, part of Nem The firuation;

York, lying on the Eatt fide of Delaware Bay, on the Eaft, by the Ocean; and.on,
the Welt; by that part of the Continent which lies in.the hongiads af the fir mT
cs E ~

Founhaiih of the River call’d Patomeck.

dn purtuance a of this Grant to his:faid Lordfhip, a Billwas prepar ‘d,and brought
to

"ve
_—_- oe

toHis Majefty to Siga, who firft ask’d his Lordfhip, what he fhould call it, there
being a Blank in the Billdefiignedly left: for the Name, which his Lotdthiviinten.
ded fhould have been Crefcentia ; but his Lordfhip leaving it to His Majefty to give ——

it 2 Name, the King propos’d to, have it. call’d Terra-Maria,.in English, Mary-land, in
honor of his Queen, whofe Name was Mary, which was concluded on, and scopes
ted into the Bill, which the King then Sign’d, and thereby the faid Tract of Land
was erected into a Province by that Name. \\.
His Lordfhip fomewhat delaying the fpeedy pafling of it under the Great Seal
of Engin dy’d in the interim, before the faid Patentowas perfected; whereupon.a
V2 Patent
 WOM BEART Cee. ~ Chap. I.
Patent of the faid Province was fhortly afterwards pafs'd to his Son and Heir,
(who was Chriften’d by the Name of Cecil, but afterwards confirm’d by the Name
of (wtilins,) the now Lord Baltemore; under the Great Seal of England, bearing Date
June 20. 1632. in the eighth Year of His faid. Majefties Reign, with all Royal Ju-
rifdiétions and Prerogatives, both Military and Civil in the faid Province, asPow- .
er to Enact Laws, Power of pardoning all manner of Offences, Power to confer
Honors, &c. to be held of His faid Majefty, His Heits and Succeflors, Kings of Eng-
land in common Soccage, as of His Majefties Honor of Wind/or in the County of
Berks in England; yielding and paying yearly for the fame to His Majefty and to His
Heirs and Suceeitars for ever, two Indian Arrows of thofe parts, at the Caftle of
Windfor aforefaid, on Tucldegein Baj/ter Week, and the fifth part of all Gold and Sil-
ver Oar, which (hall happen to be found in the {aid Province.
wid'tealhaa le uate By the {aid Patent is Granted to his Lordfhip, his Heirs and Affigns, all that
‘ part of aPeninfula, lying in the patts of America, between the Ocean on the Eaft,
“ and the Bay of (he/apeack on the Weft ; and divided from the other part thereof
“ by aright Line drawn from the Promontory, or Cape of Land call’d Watkin’se
“ Point, fituace in the aforelaid Bay, near the River of Wigcho on the Weft, unto the
<¢ main Ocean on the Eaft, and between that bound on the South, unto that pare
“of Delaware Bay onthe North, which ties under the fortieth Degree of Northerly
“ Latitude from ghé Equingétial, where New England ends; and all that Traé of
‘Land between the bounds aforefaid, that is to fay, paffing from the aforefaid
=~.
—_
“ Bay call’d Delaware Bay, in a right Line by the Degree aforefaid, unto the true
<¢ Meridian ofthe firft Fountains of the River of Patomeck, and res thence ftretch-
; ‘¢ ing towards the South, unto the furtheft Bank of the faid River, and following
ss
-
Pe~~uot
“tLe
*row
——
—

<< the Weft and South fide thereof, unto a certain place call’d anbek: near the
;we
FEF
me
ea
et
re
re
ee

i} i)
S|
an) |!

‘¢ Mouth ofthe faid River, where it falls into the Bay of Che/apeack, and from thence
as

ay .---~

“< by a ftreight Line unto she aforefaid Promontory, or place call’d Watkin’s-Point,
uf : ip 7
}

Siwhich lies ir thirty fever psigA and fifty Minutes, or heen of Norther
flime

> ,
qa 7
! i
}
. -

‘e Latitude.
WM
:
: .

By this Patént his Lordthip and his Heirs and Affigns are Created the true atid!
7
|

abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the {aid Province, faving the Allegiance and
Soverdign Domiihion due to His Majefty, His Heirs, uid Succeffors; fo that he hath
thereby a Soveraignty Granted to him and his Heits, dtpeaiet upon the SOves
malguaty of the Crown of England.
Theat \oHis Lordfhip} in the yen 1633. fent his {econd: belie? Mr. Leonard Calvert, and
a chird Brother Mr. George’ Calvert, with divers other Gentlemen of Quality, and
SérVaiits' tol che ‘number oF cwo hundred Perfons at leaft, to fettlea Plantation
there’)! who fet’ Sail from the Cowes in ithe J/le of Wight in
i England , on Novemb. 22.
in the tarne Year, having nade fore ftay by the way, at the Barbadoes and St. Chrie
» fiophers in Ameri ee they arriv’d at Point Comfort in Virginia, on Februarye4. following,
from “whence fhottly aftér'they Sail’d np the Bay Of Chefapeack, and Patomeck Ri-
ver?’ And having review a’the! Country, and given Names to feveral places, they
pitch’ d upon a Town of the Indians for their firft Seat, call’d Yoacomaco, (now Saint
Maries) which the then Governor Mr. Léonard Calvert, freely Purchas’d of the Na-
tives there, for the Lord Mopttchabig ule; with ‘Commodities brought from
England. |
That which Ficilitated the Treaty xd Purchafe’ ist the faid place from the Ine
dians, was a refolution which thofe Indians had then before taken, to remove higher
into the Countrey where it was more Populous, for fear of the Sanfquehanocks,
_ (another, and more Warlike People of the Indians, who were their too near Neigh-
bors,
 Chap. The /_ AMERICA.
bors, and itthabit between the Bays of (hefapeack and Delaware) there being then
rs
a@ual Wars between them, infomuch, that many of them were gone thither before
the English arriv’d : And it hath been the general practice of his Lordfhip, and
thofe who were employ’d by him in the Planting of the {aid Province, rather to
purchafe the Natives Intereft, (who will-agree for the fame at eafie rates) than to
take from them by force,that which they feem tocall their Right and Inheritance,
_ to the end all Difputes might be remov’d touching the forcible Incroachment upon
others, againft the Laws of Nature or Nations.
Thus this Province at the vaft Charges, and by the unweary’d Induftry and en-
deavor of the prefent Lord Baltemore, the now abfolute Lord and Proprietary of
the fame was at firft Planted , and hath fince been fupply’d with People and other
Neceflaries, fo effectually , that in this prefent Year 1671. the number of English The nunibér
of Inhabi-
there amounts to fifteen or twenty thoufand Inhabitants, for. whofe Encourages tants,

ment there is a Fundamental Law eftablifh’d there by his Lordfhip, whereby Li-
berty of Confcience is allow’d to all that Profefs to believe in Jefus Chrift, fo that no
Man who is a Chrif/tian is in danger of being difturb’d for his Religion ; and all
Perfons being fatisfi’d touching his Lordfhips Right, as Granted by his Superior Sos
veraign, the King of Great Brittain, and poffefs'd by the confent and agreement of
the firft Indian Owners, every Perfon who repaireth thither, intending to become
an Inhabitant, finds himfelf fecure, as well inthe quiet enjoyment of his Property,
as of his Confcience. |
Mr.. Charles Calvert, his Lordfhips onely Son and Heir, was inthe Year. 1661.
fent thither by his Lordfhip to Govern this Province and People, who hath hi-
therto continu’d that Charge of his Lordfhips Lieutenant there, to the general {a-
tisfaction and encouragement of all Perfons under his Government, or otherwife
concern’d in the Province.
The precedent Difcourfe having given you a fhort Defcription of this Province
from its Infancy to this day, together with an account of his Lordfhips Patent and
Right, by which he holds the fame; we will here {peak fomething of the Nature of
the Countrey in general, and of the Commodities that are either naturally afforded
there, or may be procur’d by Induftry. |
The Climate is very healthful, and agreeable with English Conftitutions ; but
New-comers have moft of them heretofore had the firft year of their. Planting there
in July and Augu/t, a Sicknefs, which is call’d there A Seafoning, but is indeed no
other than an Ague, with cold and hot Fits, whereof many heretofore us’d to die
for want of good Medicines, and accommodations of Diet and Lodging , and by
drinking too much Wine and Strong-waters; though many, even in thofe times,
Who were more temperate, and that were better accommodated, never had any
Seafonings at all; but of late years, fince the Countrey hath been more open’d by
the cutting down of the Woods, and that there is more plenty of English Diet,
thee are very few die of thofe Agues, and many have no Seafonings at all, e{pecially
thofe that live in the higher parts of the Country, and not near to the Marfhes and
Salt-water. | |
In Summer, the heats are equal to thofe of Spain, but qualifi’d daily about Noon,
at that time of the Year, either with fome gentle Breezes, or {mall Showres of
Rain: In Winter there is Froft and Snow,.and fometimes it is extremely cold,
infomuch, that the Rivers and the Northerly part of the Bay of Che/apeack are Fro- -
zen, but it feldom laftslong , and fome Winters are fo warm, .that People have
gone in half Shirts and Drawers only at Chriftmas : But in the Spring and Autumn;
(viz,) in March, April, and May, September, Oétober, and November, there is generally
f V 3 moft
 AMERICA. . Chap. Il. -
le, from the South
moft pleafant temperate Weather: The Windsthere are variab
Weft, cold Weather;
comes Heat, Gufts, and Thunder; from the North or North-
Rain.
and in Winter, Froft and Snow; from the Eaft and South-Eaft,
commodious
The Soy] is very fertile, and furnifh’d with many pleafant and
| |
Rivers, Creeks, and Harbors.
with fome pret-
The Country is generally plain and even, and yet diftinguifh’d
The Woods are
ty {mall Hills and Rifings, with variety of Springs and Rivulets:
for his
for the moft part free from Underwood, fo thata Man may Travel or Hunt
Recreation. F ,
The ordinary éntranice by Sea into this Country is between two (apes, diftant
is call’d Cape
each from the other about feven or eight Leagues; the South Cape
Henry, the Notth, Cape Charles; within the Capes you enter into a fair Bay, Navi-
gable for at leaft two hundred Miles, and is call’d Chefapeack Bay; ftretching it felf
Northerly through the heart of che Countrey, which adds much to its Fame and
Value: Into this Bay fall many ftately Rivers, the chief whereof is.Patomeck, which
is Pa-
is Navigable for at leaft a hundred and forty Miles: The next Northward,
tuxent, at its entrance diftant from the other about twenty Miles, a River yielding
oteat Profit as well as Pleafiure to the Inhabitants; and by reafon of the Iflands and
other places of advantage that may Command it, both fit for Habitation and De-
fence : Paffing hence to the Head of the Bay, you meet with feveral pleafant and
ace
commodious Rivers, which for brevity we here omit to give any particular
,
count of : On the Eaftern Shore are feveral commodious Rivers, Harbors, Creeks
and Iflands, to the Northward whereof you entér into another fair Bay, call’d
Delaware Bay, wide at its enttance about eight Leagues, and into which falls a very
fair Navigable River. fi
The natural This Countrey yields the Inhabitants many excellent things for Phyfick and
Chyrurgery; they have feveral Herbs and Roots which are great Prefervatives
Commodities
of the Coune

againft Poyfon, as Snske-Root, which prefently cures the bitings of the Rattle-Snake,
trey,

which ate very Venomous, and are bred in the Countrey ; others that cure all
manner of Wounds; they have Saxafras , Sarfaparilla , Gums and Balfoms, which
Experience (the Mother of Art) hath taught them the perfect ufe of.
An Indian feeing one of the English much troubled with the Toothsach, fetch’d a
Root out of a Tree,which apply’d to the Tooth, gave eafe immediately to the Par-
ty ; other Roots they have fit for Dyers, wherewith the Indians Paint themfelves as
Pacoone (a deep red,) ec. | |
The Timber of thele parts is good and ufeful for Building of Houfes and Ships,
the white Oak for Pipe-ftaves, the red for Wainfcot; there is likewife black Walle
Nut, Cedar, Pine, and Cyprefs, Cheft-nut, Elme, Afh, and Popelar, all which are
for Building and Husbandry : Fruit-trees, as Mulberries, Perfimons, with feveral
kind of Plumbs, and Vines in great abundance.
Of Strawberries there is plenty, which are ripe in April, Mulberries in May, Rafe
berries in June, and the Maracok, which is fomething like a Lemon, is ripe in Auguft.
In Spring time there are feveral forts of Herbs, as Corn-fallet, Violets, Sorrel, Pur
flane, and-others which are of great ule to the English there.
In the upper parts of the Countrey are Bufféloes, Blks, Tygers, Bears, Wolves, and
great ftore of Deer ;as alfo Beavers, Foxes, Otters, FlyingSquirils, Racoons, and
many other forts of Beafts. |
Of Birds, there is the Eagle, Gofhawk, Falcon; Lanner, Sparrow-hawk, and Mars
lin; alfo wild Turkies in great abundance, whereof many weigh fifty Pounds in
weight and upwards, and of Partridge great plenty: There are likewife fundry
| forts
Chap. II. ~ AMERICA,
forts of finging Birds, whereof one is call’d a Mock-Bird, becaufe it imitates all
other Birds; fome are red, which fing like Nightingales, but much louder
. others
black and yellow, which laf fort excels more in Beauty than tune,
and is by the
English there call’d the Baltemore- Bird, becaufe the Colours of his Lordfhips
Coat of
Arms are black and yellow: Others there are that refemble moft
of the Birds in
England, but not of the fame kind, for which we have no names:
In Winter there
are great plenty of Swans, Cranes, Geefe, Herons, Duck, Teal, Widgeo
ns, Brants,
and Pidgeons, with other forts, whereof there are none in England.
The Sea, the Bays.of Chefapeack and Delaware, and generally all the Rivets, do
abound with Fifh of feveral forts; as Whales, Sturgeon, Thorn-back, Grampufes,
Porpufes, Mullets, Trouts, Soules, Plaice, Mackrel, Perch, Eels,
Roach, Shadd,
Herrings,Crabs, Oyfters,Cockles, Muffels, exc. but above all thefe,
the Fifh wheres
of there are none in England, as Drums, Sheepsshead ,Cat-fish, arc. are beft,
except Stur-
geon, which are there found in great abundance, not inferior to any. in Ewrope
for
largenefs and goodnefs, y | |
The Minerals may in time prove of very great confequence, though no rich
Mines are yet difcover’d there ; but there is Oar of {everal forts, viz. of Tin, Iron,
and Copper, whereof feveral trials have been made by curioys Perfons
there with
good fuccefs..
_ The Soylis generally very rich, the Mould in many places black and rank, in-
fomuch, that it is neceflary to Plant it firft with Indian Corn, Tobacco, or Hemp,
before it is fit for English Grain ; under that is found good Loam, whereof has been
madeas good Brick as any in Europe: There ate ftore of Marfh-grounds for Mea-
dows; great plenty of Marle, both blue and white; excellent Clay for Potsand
Tiles: To conclude, there is nothing that can be reafonably expected, in a place
lying in the fame Latitude with this, but what is either there found naturally, or
may be procur’d by Induftry, as Oranges, Lemons, and Olives,ec.
Weneed not here mention Indian Corn, (call’d Mayz) Peafe and Beans of feveral
Commodities
forts, being the peculiar produéts Planted by the Indians of that part of America. which are, or
may be pro-
All forts of English Grain are now common there, and yield a great encreafe, as cur'd by ins
duftry,
Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Peafe, Beans, exc. good Beer of Wheat or Barley Malt,
after the English Mode, is made, even in the meaneft Families there, Some drink
Beer of Indian Corn, others of the Stalks thereof, or of the Chipps of the Pockykerry-
Tree, all which make a-fort of freth and pleafant Drink ; but the general Diet of
the Country is now English, as moft agreeable to their Conftitutions,
There are few able Planters there at prefent, but what are plentifully fupply’d
with all forts of Summer and Winter Fruits ; as alfo of Roots and Herbs, ofall
forts out of their Gardens and Orchards, which they have Planted for their Profit as
well as Pleafure: They have Pears, Apples, Plumbs, Peaches, exc. in great abun.
dance, and as good as thofe of Italy ;fo are their Mellons, Pumpions, Apticocks,
Cherries, Figgs, Pomegranates, wc. In fine, there is {carce any (Fruit or Root that
grows in England, France, Spain, or Italy, but hath been try’d there, and profpers
well. : j
You may have there alfo Hemp, Flax, Pitch, and Tar, with little labor; the
Soyl is apt for Hops, Rape-feed, Annice-feed, Woad, Madder, Saffron, ec. there
may be had Silk-worms, the Country being ftor’d with Mulberry-trees, and the fu.
perfluity of the Wood will produce Poteafhes.
There is a great quantity of Syder made there at prefent, and as good as in any
other Countrey; good Perry and‘ Quinceedrink is there likewife made in great
plenty : The Ground doth naturally bring forth Vinesin great quantities, the quali-
. ty
 oe AMEE ROT CS Chap. It
ty whereof being fomething corrected by Induftry, (as there have been feveral trials
ene
thereof already madethere) may no doubt produce good Wine, to the great
. |
couragement and advantage of the Undertakers.
Brave Ships may be buile there with little charge, Clab-board, Wainfcot, Pipe-
ftaves, and Mafts for Ships, the Woods will afford plentifully ; fome {mall Vef-
Cheele,
fels have been already built there : In fine, Beef, Furrs, Hides, Butter,
:
Pork, and Bacon, to Tranfport to other Countreys, are no {mall Commodities,
which by Induftry, are, and may be had there in great plenty, the English being al-
ready plentifully ftock’d with all forts of Cattel and'Horfes, and were there no
other Staple-Commodities to be hop’d for, but Silk and Linnen (the materials of
which apparently will grow there) it were fufficient to-enrich the Inhabitants.
But the general Trade of Mary-land at prefent depends chiefly upon Tobacco, it
being the Planters greateft concern and ftudy to ftore himfelf betimes with that
Commodity, wherewith he buys and fells, and after which Standard all other
Commodities receive their Price there; they have of late vented {uch quantities of
that and other Commodities, that a hundred Sail of Ships from England, Barbadoes,
one
and other English Plantations, have been ufually known to Trade thither in
Year; infomuch, that by Cuftom and Excize paid in England for‘Tobacco and:
other Commodities Imported from thence, Mary-land alone at this prefent, hath by.
his Lordfhips vaft Expence, Induftry, and Hazard for many years, without any
charge to the Crown, improv'd His Majefties,the King of Englands Revenues,to the
ae
a
ee value of Forty thoufand Pounds Sterl. per annum at leaft.
aae
re
-:
ee.
The general way of Traffick and Commerce there is chiefly by Barter, or Ex-
change of one Commodity for another; yet there wants not, befides English and
other foraign Coyns, fome of his Lordfhips own Coyn, as Groats, Sixpences, and
Shillings, which his Lordfhip at his own Charge caus'd to be Coyn’d and difpers'd
throughout that Province; ‘tis equal in finenefs of Silver to English Sterling, being
of the fame Standard, but of fomewhat lefs weight, and hath on the one fide his
Lordfhips Coat of Arms ftamp’d, with this Motto circumf{crib’d, Crefcite ~~ Mul-
tiplicamini, and on the other fide his Lordthips Effigies, circum{crib’d thus, Cecilins
Dominus Terre-Maria, &c.
TheGovern: The Order of Government and fettled Laws of this Province,is by the Prudence
iii and endeavor of the prefent Lord Proprietary, brought to great Perfection ; and as
his Dominion there is abfolute (as may appear by the Charter aforemention’d) fo
all Patents, Warrants, Writs, Licenfes, Actions Criminal, we. Iffue forth there in
his Name 2 Wars, Peace, Courts, Offices, éxc. all in his Name made, held, and ap-
pointed. |
Laws are there Enacted by him, with the advice and confent of the General Af-
fembly, which confifts of two Eftates, namely, the firft is made up by the Chans
cellor, Secretary, and others of his Lordfhips Privy-Council, and fuch Lords of
Mannors, and others as fhall be call’d by particular Writs for that purpofe, to be
Iffu’d by his Lordfhip: The fecond Eftate confifts of the Deputies and Delegates
of the refpective Counties of the faid Province, elected and chofen by the free voice
and approbation of the Free-men of the faid re{pective Counties.
The Names of the Governor and Council in this prefent Year 1671. are as fol-
loweth, Mr. Charles Calvert, his Lordfhips Son and Heir, Governor ; Mr. Philip Cale
vert, his Lordfhips Brother, Chancellor ;Sir William Talbot Baronet, his Lord{fhips
Nephew, Secretary ;Mr. William Calvert, his Lordfhips Nephew, MuftersMafter-
General, Mr. Jerome White, Surveyor-General; Mr. Baker Brooke his Lordfhips Ne-
phew ; Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. Elenry Courfey, Mr. Tbemas Trucman, Major Edward
Fits-Herbert, Samuel Chew Ef ' | His
 ‘Chap. II. AMER TCA
His Lordfhip, orhis Lieutenant there for the timé
189
being, upon due occafion,
Conyenes, Prorogues, and Diflolves this Affembly
. but whatfoever is by his
Lordfhips Lieutenant there, with the confent of both
the faid Eftates Enagted, is
there of the fame Force and Nature as an A& of Parl
iament is in. England, until his
Lordfhip declares his dif-aflent; but fuch Laws as his
Lordfhip doth affent unto,
are not afterwards to be Alter’d or Repeal’d bur by his
Lordfhip, with the confent
_of both the faid Eftates, 8!
_ Their chief Court of Judicature is held at St. Muries Quar
terly every Year, to
which all Perfons concern’d refort for Juftice, and is call’d
The Provincial Court,
whereof the Governor and Councilare Judges: To the Cour
t there doth belong fe-
veral {worn Attorneys, who conftantly are prefent there, and ad
both as Bartifters
and Attorneys ; there are likewife chief Clerks, Bayli
ffs, and other Officers, which
duly attend the Court in their relpective places.
The Province is divided at prefent, fo far as it is inhabited
by English, into
Counties, whereof therebe ten, viz, St. Maries, Charles, (Calve
rt, Anne Arandel, and
Baltemore Counties, which firft five lie on the Weft fide of the Bay
of Chefapeack, on
the Eaftern fide whereof, commonly call’d The EufterneShore, lies Somme
rfet, Dorche-
jeer, Talbot, Cacil, and Kent Counties; which laft isan land
lying near the Eaftern-
fhore ofthe faid Bay.
Befides the Provincial Court aforenam’d, there are other infer
ior Courts, ap-
pointed to be held in every one of the Counties fix times in the
year, for the dife
patch of all Caufes, not relating to Lifeor Member, and not
exceeding the value
of three thoufand weight of Tobacco ; the decifion of all
other Caufes being res
ferv’dto the Provincial or higher Court beforeemention’d, and there lies
Appeals
from the County-Courts, to.the Provincial Court.
There are Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officers appointed
by the
Lord and Proprietary, ot his Lordfhips Lieutenant for the time
being, in the faid
re{pective Counties; and without four Juftices, of which one to be of the
Quorum;
none of the faid refpedtive County-Courts can be held; any of his Lordf
hips Privy
Council may fit as Judge, in any of the faid County-Courts , by vertue of
his
place. | epi
Thele Coutts are appointed to-be held at convenient Houfes in the {aid
Coun-
ties, Which commonly are not far diftant from fome Inn, or other Houfe
of Enter-
tainment, for accommodation of Strangers , “one of the {aid fix County
Courts in
each Cousty' is held for fettling of Widows and Orphans Eftates.
."Fhere are Foundations laid of Towns, more or le{S in each County, according
to his Lordfhips Proclamation, to that effec Iffu’d forth in the year 1668. In Cal-
vert County, about the River of Patuxent, and the adjacent Cliffs, are the Bounds of
three Towns:laid out ;one over againtt Point Patience, call’d Harvy Town, another
in
Battel-Creck, call’d Calverton,and a third upon the Cliffs, call’d Herrington, and Hou-
fes already built in them, ‘all uniform, and pleafant with Streets, and Keys on the
Water fide. In the County of St. Maries, on the Eaft fide of St, Georges River, isthe
principal and original Seat of this Province, where the general Affembly, and Pro-
vincial Courts are held, and is call’d St. Maries, being erected into a City by that
Name, where divers Houfes are already buile: The Governor hath a Houfe there
call’d St. Jobn’s; the Chancellor Mr. Philip Calvert, his Lordfhips Brother, hath ane
other, and in this place is built and kept the Secretaries Office, where all the Re-
cords are kepr, all Piocefs, Grants, for Lands, Probates of Wills, Letters of Admi-
niftration are iffu’d out: the Plat ofaFort and Prifon is lately laid there; upon a —
point of Land, term’d Windmil-Point, ftom a Windmil which formerly ftood there,
. | the
 ~~

AMERICA. | ry “Chap. I
of Saint
the fituation is proper, for that it commands the breadth ofthe faid River
before the Town,
Georges; fo that when it is finifh’d, all Shipping may fafe ly Ride
or other Enemy
without the leaft fear of any fudden Aflault, or Attempt of Pirats
for his Lord-
whatfoever. This City has formerly been the ufual place of abode
nor,
fhips Lieutenants, and their Retinue ; but of late years the prefent Gover
Timber, with all
Mr. Charles Calvert, hath buile himfelfa fair Houle of Brick and
any,near the
Out-houfes, and other Offices thereto belonging, at a place call’d Mattap
pleafant,
River of Patuxent beforesmention’d,where he.and his Family refide,being a
ies.
healthful,and commodious Seat,about eight Miles by Land diftant from St.Mar
OF the Indi- The Indians in Mary-land area People generally of ftreight, able, and well pro»
portion’d Bodies, fomething exceeding the ordinary pitch of the English,their Coms
ans in Mary-
land,

gee
plexion Swatthy, their Hair naturally long and black, without Curle, which
nerally they cut after fome ftrange Fantaftical Mode; nay, fometimes they Dye
it with red and other prepofterous Colours: They Liquor their Skins with Bears
e
Greafe, and other Oyls, which renders them more tawny, and lefs apt to receiv
- injury from the Weather : They are fubtile from their Infancy, and prone to learn
any thing their Fancy inclines them to, in other things flothful.
There are as many diftin& Nations among them as there are Indian Towns,
(which are like Countrey-Villages in England, but not fo good Honfes) difpers’d
throughout the Province + Each Town hath its King (by them term’d Werowance)
and every forty or fifty Miles diftance differs much from its Neighbors in Speech
and Difpofition: The Sa/quahanocks, though buc few in number, yet much exceed
the reft in Valor, and Fidelity to the English; the reft being generally of amore
Treacherous Spirit, and not fo ftout, and the number of the English do already ex-
ceed all the Indians in the Province.
The Werowance is aflifted by Councellors, call’d Wifoes, who are commonly of .
the fame Family, and are chofen at the pleafure of the Werowance : They have Cap-
tains in time of War which they term Cackoroofes. «- - | |
Mok of their Governments are Monarchical, (except the Sa/quabanocks, which is
a Re-publick) but for fucceffion they have a peculiar Cuftom, that the Iffue of the
Males never fucceed, but the Iffue-Male of the Female fucceed in Government, as
the furer fide: They all fubmit to, and are proteéted by the Lord Proprietaries
Government; and in cafe of any Affaule or Murder, committed on any Englifh, the
Party offending is try’d by the Laws of the Province , and in cafe of any new Ele-
&tion of King or Emperor among them, they prefent the Perfon fo Eleéted to the
Governor for the time being, who as he {ees caule, either alters or confirms their
Choice. |
In the Year 1663.at the Indians Requeft, the prefent Governor Mr. (Charles Calvert,
and fome others of his Lordfhips Privy-Council there, went to Pafcatoway, in this
Province, to be prefent at the Eleétion of a new Emperor for that Nation: They
prefented a Youth nam’d Nattawaffo, and humbly Requefted to have him confirm’d
Emperor of Pafcatoway, by the Name of Wabocajfo ; which after fome charge given
them in general, to be good and faithful Subjects to him, the Governor according
ly did, and receiv'd him into his Protection. 2+ vel
They pay great Refpect and Obedience to their Kings and Superiors, whofe
Commands they immediately Execute, though withanapparent hazard of theit
Lives. | 70
The Mens chief employment is Hunting, and the Wars, in both which they
commonly ufe Bowes and Arrows ; fome of late have Guns and other. Weapons,
by a private Trade with fome Englifh Neighboring Plantations ; They are excel:
; 7 . lent
*%
 Chap. Il. | AMERICA. ) 191
lent Marks-men, it being the onely thing they breed their Youth:to : The Women’
Plant and look after the Corn, make their Bread, and drefs what Provifions their
Husbands bring home. Their way of Marriage is by agreement with the Womens |
Parents or Friends, who fora certain Sum of their Money, or other Goods, deliver
her to the Man at a day appointed, which is commonly fpent in jollity. —
There are two forts of Indian Money, Wampompeage and Roanoack, thefe ferve Their Money,

among them as Gold and Silver do in Europe, both are made of Fith-fhells, which
they ftring like Beads; Wampompeage is the largeft Bead, fixty whereof countervails
an Arms length of Roanoack, which is valued at fix Pence Sterling; with this they
purchafe Commodities of the Englifh, as Trading-Cloth, ec. of which they make
themfelves Mantles, which is fomething fhaggy, and is call’d Dutch Duffels ; this
is their Winter Habit ; in Summerthey onely wear a narrow flip of the fame to
cover thofe parts, which natural modefty teaches them to conceal ; the better
fort have Stockings made thereof, and pieces of Deer-Skin, ftitch’d together about
their Feet in ftead of Shooes : The Womens Apparel is the fame, but thofe of the
beft Quality among them bedeck themfelves with Wampompeage or Roanoack, or fome
other toy.
Their Houfes are rais'd about the height of a large Arbor, and cover’d with Manner of

Barks of Trees very tite, in the middle whereofisthe Fireplace, they lie generally habitation,

upon Mats of their own making, plac’d round the Fire, a Woodden-bow!] or two,
an Earthen Pot, and a Mortar and Peftle, is their chiefett Houfhold-ftuff; he that
hath his Bowe and Arrows,orGun, a Hatchet, and a Canoo, (a term they ufe for
Boats) isin their minds rately well provided for; each Houfe containsa diftiné
Family, each Family hath its peculiar Field about the Town, where they Plant their
Corn, and other forts of Grain afore-mention’d. * |
They are courteous to the Englifh, if they chance to fee any of them coming to- Civility to
the English,
wards their Houfes, they immediately meet him half-way, condué& him in, and
bid him welcome with the beft Cates they have: The Englifh giving them in like
manner civil Entertainment, according to their Quality.
~The Werowance of Patuxent having been Treated for fome days at St. Maries, by
the then Governor, Mr. Leonard Calvert, his Lordfhips Brother, at his firft coming
thither to fettle that Colony, took his leave of him with this Expreffion, I love the
Englifh fo well, that ifthey fhould go about to kill me, if bad fo much breath as to fpeak, I
would Command my People not to revenge my death ; for I know they would not do fuch a thing,
except it were through my own default. ‘ith
In Affairs of concern, they are very confiderate, and ufe few words in:declaring
their intentions ; for at Mr. Leonard (alverts firft arrival there, the Werowance of Pafs
catoway being ask’d by him, Whether he would be content, that the Englith [hould fit down
in bis (ountrey ? veturn’d this anfwer, That he would not bid him go, neither would he bid
him flay, but that he might -ufe bis own difcretion. ‘Thefe were their expreffions to the
Governor at his firft entrance into Mary-land, whom then they were jealous of,
whether he might prove a Friend or a Neighbor, but by his difcreet Demeanor to-
wards them at firft,and friendly ufage of them afterwards,they are now become,not
only civil, but ferviceable to the Englifh there upon all occafions.
_ The Indians of the Eaftern fhore ate moft numerous, and were formerly very res
fractory, whom Mr. Leonard Calvert fome few years after his firft fettling the Colo-
ny, was forc’d to reduce, and of late the Emperor of Nanticoke, and his Men were
defervedly defeated by the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles Calvert, who reduc’d him
about the year 1668. which has fince tam’d the ruder fort ofthe neighboring Indi-
ans, who now by experience, find it better to fubmit and be protected by the Lord
| Proprietaries
 AMERICA. Chapa
Proprietaries Government, than to make any vain attempt againft hisPowere)
Thele People live under no Law, but that of Nature and Reafon, which nots
withftanding leads them to the acknowledgement of a Deity, whom they own to
be the Giver of all good things, wherewith their Life is maintain’d, and to him
they Sacrifice the firft Fruits of the Earth, and of that which they acquire by Hunt«
ing and Fifhing: The Sacrifice is perform’d by their Priefts, who are commonly —
ancient Men, and profefs themfelves Conjurers ; they firft make a Speech to their
God, then burn part, and eat and diftribute the reft among them that are prefent;,
until this Ceremony be ended, they will not touch one bit thereof; they hold the
Immortality of the Soul, and that there isa place of Joy, and another of Torment
after Death, prepar’d for every one according to their Merits, |
They bury their Dead with ftrange expreffions of Sorrow (the better fort upon
a Scaffold, erected for that end) whom they leave cover’d with Mats, and return
when his flefh is confum’d to Interr his Bones ; the common fort are committed to
the Earth without that Ceremony; but they never omit to bury fome part of their
Wealth, Arms, and Houfhold:ftuff with the Corps. |

Secr. ly.

V irginia; |

-_* Situationof fee moft Southerly part of Virginia (for all that Tract of Land, reaching.
pis from ‘Norumbega to Florida, and containing New-England, New-York, Mary=
land, and this part we are now about to Treat of, was by Sir Walter Raw-
leigh term’d Virginia, in Honor of our Virgin-Queen Elizabeth) lies between Mary-
land, which it hath on the North, and Carolina, which it hath on the South, from
thirty fix, to near thirty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude; and with the reft of
thofe Countries which were comprehended under the fame Denomination, wasby
the Encouragement, and at the Expence of the faid Sir Walter Rawleigh, firft Difco-
ver'd (as fome fay) by Captain Francis Drake, for his many notable and bold Ex-
rua Digove. ploits, afterwards Knighted by the Queen : But upon examination we find little
e reafon to alcribe the firft Difcovery thereof to Sit Francis Drake, whole chief per-
formances, from the time he firft made himfelf Eminent at Sea, were againft the
Spaniards, and for the moft part in the Spanifh-Indies; as histaking of Nombre de Dios,
- and Vinta Cruz, with an infinite mafs of Treafure; his taking of Santo Domingo in
Hispaniola, and of Carthagena in CaStella Anna ;and that which feems to have given
occafion ofattributing to him the firft Difcovery of thefe parts, was his touching
upon.the North part of the Ifle of California, where being nobly Entertain’d by
Hioh, a King of that Countrey, and having a. Surrendry thereof made to him,
in behalf of the Queen of England, he upon a Pillar erected, Infcrib’d the Arms of
England, with the Queens Name and his own, and call’d the place Nova Albion :
Certain indeed it is, that Sir Walter Rawleigh was the firft Promoter of this Difco-
very; for, after Mr. Martin Forbifber had been fent by Queen Elizabeth to fearch for
the North-Weft Paflage, which was in the year 1576- and for which he alfo was
by the Queen advanc’d to Knight-hood, and nobly rewarded ; and Sir Humphrey
Gilbert obtaining the Queens Letters Patents, for attempting a Plantation, had
reach’d New-found-land (though perifhing in his return)he upon thefe Relations and
Inducements undertook by others (for his employments would not permit him to
go in Perfon) to gain Difcoveries to the Southward ; and accordingly in the year
of our Lord 1584. obtain’d a Commiffion from the Queen, to difcover and Plant
new
Maw acoge “aac a
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A T QUANAC 2
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 Gharcil. ' AMERICA.
new Landsin America, not actually poflefs’ d by any Chriftizns,. who, with the aft
— ftance of Sir ‘Richard Greenvil and others, provided two fall Barques, under the
Command of Captain 6 Amidaj, and.Captain Arthur, Barlow, who fetting Sail
the 27. of April, fell the 2* of July following with the Coaft af Florida, and made
Difcovery of the Ifle of Wokokon, Roandack, and the Continent.of Wingandicaa, which
they left; and arriving in England about the midft of September. following, Her Ma-
jefty apa the relation» of theig Dilcoveries, was’ pleas’d to call. this Countrey
Virginia.
April 9.1585. Sit Richard Greenyil, with feven Sail, and feveral Gentlemen, left
Plymouth ; and on May 26. Anchor’d at Wokokon, but bios their firft Seat ar Raiinach
on Augu/t 17. following, which lies in thirty Gx Degrees of Northerly Latitude, or
thereabouts, where they continu’d till June. 1586. during which time they fil
feveral Bitte vies in the Continent.and adjacent Iflands.; and being endanger’d
by the treachery of the Salvages, return’d for England, and Tanded at Port/mouth on
July 27: following.
* Sir WalterRawleigh and his Affociates, in the year 1586. fent a Ship to relieve that
Colony, which had deferted the Countrey fome while before, and were all re-
turn’d for England as is beforeemention’d.
Some few days after they were gone, Sir Richard Greenvil, with three Ships, ar-
riv’d at the Plantation at Roanoack, which he found Aaltyiad and leaving fifty Men
thereto keep Poffeffion of that Countrey, return’d for England.
_ The year following, Mr. Jobn White, with three Ships, came to fearch for the
fifty Englifh at Roanoack, but found set not, they having been fet upon by the Na-
tives, and dilpers’d fo, as no News could be heard of them, and in their room left
a hecdred and fifty more to continue that Plantation. -
In, Auguft 1589. Mr. John White went thither again, to fearch for the laft Colony
which he had left there ;«but not finding them, return’d for England in Septemb. 6.
1590.
This ill Succefs made all further Difcoveries to be laid afide, till Captain Gofnol
on March 26. 1602. fet Sail from Dartmouth, and on May-11. following, made Land
at.a place, where fome Bi/caners, as he gueliid ‘by the Natives information, had
formerly fifh’d, being about the Latitude of forty eight Degrees Northerly hei
tude; from hence putting to Sea,he made Difcovery of an.[fland which hecall’d Mar-
thas Vineyard, and fhortly after of Elizabeth’s Ifle, and fo return’d for England, June 18.
follawing.
In the Year 1603. the City of Bri/fol rais’d a Stock, and furnifh’d out two
Barques for Difcovery, under the Command of Captain Martin Pring, who about
June7. fell with the North ofVirginia in the three and fortieth Degree, found plenty
of good Fifh, nam’da place Whitfon--Bay, and fo return’d.
In the ane 1605. the Right Honorable Thomas Arundel the firft, Baron of War‘der,
and Count of the Roman Empire, fet out Captain George Waymouth, with twenty
nine Sea-men, and neceflary Provifions, to make what Difcoveries he could; who
by contrary Winds, fell Northward about one and forty Degrees and twenty Mi-
nutes of Northerly Latitude, where they found plenty of good Fifh, and Sailing
further, difcover’d an Ifland, where they nam’d a Harbor, Ratecaft Har bor, and on
Fuly 18. following, came back for England.
In the Year 1606. by the follicication of Captain Gofnol, and asiat Gentlemen,
a Commiffion was granted by King James of Great Brittain, wc. fot eftablifhing a
Council, to direé& thofe new Difco ; Captain Newport (a well practic’d Mar-
riner) was intrufted with the Tran{portation of the Adventurers in two Ships,
xX and
a
:
/ —

i
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1
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—
"AMERICA. Chap. II.
were by
and a Pinace, who on Decemb. 19. 1606. fet Sail from Black-wall, and
ee
—

Storm, contrary to expectation, caft upon the firft Land, which they call’d Cape _
+ se
=: =

————
-

Degrees, or
Henry, at the Mouth of the Bay of (he/apeack, lying in thirty feven
aa
se =

thereabouts, of Northerly Latitude: Here their Orders were open’d and read, and
a year, who
eight declar’d of the Council, and impowert’d to chofe a Prefident for
place
with the Council fhould Govern that Colony : Till Ma 13. they fought a
a Fort to be
to Plant in, Mr. Winkfield was chofe the firft Prefident , who caus’d
in Newport ree
vais’d at Powhatan, now call’d Fames-Town: In-June following, Capta
turn’d for England, leaving a hundred Men behind him; fince which time they have
been fufficiently fupply’d from England, and by the indefatigable Induftry and Cou-
rage of Captain Jobn Smith, (one of the Council at that time, and afterward Prefi-
to
dent of the Colony) they made feveral Difcoveries on the Eaftern fhore, and up
the Headtof the Bay of Chefapeack, and of the principal Rivers which fall into the
faid Bay.’ |
Virginia being thus Difcover’d and Planted, King James by his Letters Patent
to
beating Date April 10. in the fourth year of his Reign, 1607. Granted Licence
Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Summers, and others, to divide themfelves into two fee
veral Colonies, for the more fpeedy Planting of that Countrey, then call’d Virgie
nia, between the Degrees of thirty four and forty five of North Latitude, that is to
fay, taken in that large extent, mention’d in the beginning : The firft Colony to
be undertaken by certain Knights, Gentlemen, and Merchants, in, and about the
City of London : The fecond to be undertaken, and advanc’d by certain Knights,
Gentlemen, and Merchants, and their Aflociates, in, or about the City of Briftol,
Exon, Plimouth, and other parts. |
Acthe firft Colonies Requeft, in the feventh year of the fame King, a fecond
Patent was Granted to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen, (including Sir Thomas
Gates, and fome of his former Fellow-Patentees) bearing Date May 23. 1610. where-
by they were made a Corporation, and Body Politique, and ftil’d, The Treafurer,
of Vir-
and Company of Adventurers and Planters of the City of London, for the firft Colony
ginia : And by this Patent, there was Granted to them, their Succeflors and Af-
figns, two hundred Miles to the Soéuthward, from a Cape of Land in Virginia, call’d
Point Comfort ; and two hundred Miles to the Northward of the faid Cape,along the
Sea-fhore, and into the Land from Sea to Sea. |
And on March 12. 1612. the faid King, in the ninth year of his Reign, Grants
them a third Patent, ofall Iflands lying in the Sea, within two hundred Miles of
for.
che Shore of that Traét of Land on the Continent, granted to them by the {aid
mer Patent, Jac. 7. ; a
In the Year 1615. Captain Smith procur’d by his Intereft at Court, and the
King’s Favor, a Recommendation from His Majefty, and divers of the Nobility,
to all Cities and Corporations, to Adventure in a ftanding Lottery, which was
erected for the benefit of this Plantation, which was contriv’d in fuch a manner,
that of 100000. Pounds which was to be put in, 50000. oneiy, or one half was to
return to the Adventurers, according as the Prizes fell out; and the other half to
be difpos’d of for the Promotion of the Affairs of Virginia, in which, though it were
three years before it was fully accompfifh’d, he had in the end no bad Succefs.
In the eighteenth Year of the faid King’s Reign, at the Requeft of the fecond
Colony, a Patent was Granted-to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen, of all that
Trad of Land lying in the parts of America, between the Degrees of forty and for-
ty eight of Northerly Latitude, and into the Land from Sea to Sea, which was
call’d by the Patent New England in America : For the better Government whereof,
one
 Chap.. If. AMER IC 4. 195
one Body-Politick and Corporate was thereby appointed and ordain’d in Plymouth,
confifting of the faid Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others, to the number of forty ‘
Perfons, by the Name of The Council eftablifh’d at Plymouth in the County of Devon, for
the Planting, Ruling, Ordering, and Governing of New England im America.
The Mifcarriages and Mifdemeanors of the aforefaid Corporation for the firft Ween
Colony of Virginia, werefomany and fo great, that His faid Majefty was forc’d, made void.
in or about Oétober 1623. to dire& a Quo Warranto, for the calling in of that former
Patent, which in Trinity Term following was legally Evine'd, Condemn’d,
and
made Void, by Judgment in the Court of thethen Kings-Bench; as alfo all other
Patents, by which the {aid Corporation claim’d any Intereft in Virginia. Thus this
Corporation of the firft Colony of Virginia was diffolv’d, and that Plantation
hath been fince Govern’d and Difpos’d of by Perfons Conftituted and Impower’d
for that purpofe from time to time, by immediate Commiffions from the Kings of
England. ° Dt
In the Year of our Lord 1631. the Right Honorable George Lord Baltemore obs ThePatent
tain’d a Grant of King Charles the Firft of Great Britain, exc. of part of that Land to gramcd‘
the Northward, which is now call’d Mary-land ; but this Patent of Mary-land was Batten ro,
not perfected till 1632. as you may underftand more fully by the precedent Dif-
courfe of Mary-land,. which by exprefs words in the faid Patent is feparated from,
and thereby declar’d not to be reputed for the future, any part of Virginia,
And in the fifteenth Year of che Reign of King Charles the Second of Great Bri: The Patent
tain, ec, on March 24. 1663. Edward Earl of Clarendon, then High-Chancellor of
granted to
England, George Duke of Albemarle, William, now Earl of Craven, Jobn Lord Berkley,
bie Peston
Anthony Lord Afbley, Sit George Carterett Knight and Baronet, Sir William Berkley
Knight, and Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet, obtain’daPatent from His
Ma-
jefty, of the Province of Carolina, which liesto the Southward of Virginia, in which
is included {ome part of that Land which formerly belong’d to the faid diffolv’d
Company of Virginia. Sothat Virginia at prefent extendeth it felf onely, and is fitu.
ated between thirty fix and thirty {even Degrees and fifty Minutes, or thereabouts,
of Northern Latitude, and is bounded on the North, by Marysland ; on the South,
by Carolina; on the Eaft, by the Ocean ; and on the Weft, by the South-Seas,
The Entrance by Sea into this Countrey is the fame with that of Mary. land, bee
_ tween Cape Henry and Cape Charles, plac’d on each fide of the Mouth of the Bay of
Chefapeak ; on the Weft fide whereof you firft meet with a pleafant and commodi- eis
ous River call’d James-River, about three Miles wide at its Entrance, and Naviga-
ble a hundred and fifty. | |
Fourteen Miles from this River Northward lies York-River, which is Navigable
fixty or feventy Miles, but with Ketches and fall Barques thirty or forty Miles
* farther,
Pafling hence tothe North you difcover a third ftately River, call’d Rappabanock,
which is Navigable about a hundred and thirty Miles - from whence following
the Shore to the North you enter into Patomeck-River, which is already defcrib’d in
_ the precedent Difcourfe of Mary-land, to which Province this River belongs, whofe
_ Southerly Bank gives Bounds to that part of Virginia and Marysland.
To thefe Rivers many other Inland Branches and Rivulets are reduc’d, the chief
of which are hereafter fjpecifi'd. | |
The Countrey is generally even, the Soil fruieful, the Climate healthful, and np eS
agreeable with English Conftitutions, e{pecially fince the increafe of Inhabitants,
and accommodation of good Diet and Lodging, which che firft Planters found
great want of heretofore. For many years, till of late, moft New-comers-had the
) eee fick
_
 AMERI oh ; Chap. IT.
whereof many _
Gift Year in July and Augu/t, a Difeafe whichis call’d A Seafoning,
and, though’
died, like to what is mention’d before in the Defcription of Mary-l
Countrey,
more mortal aid common than in Mary-land, becaufe Virginia is a lower
Diftemper have
and fomewhat hotter, infomuch that formerly divers ill of that
; but now, fince
come purpofely from Virginia to Marysland, to recover their Health
no
the Countrey is more open and clear from Wood, few die of it, and many have
| i i 3:
Seafonings at all.
This Countrey affordeth generally all fuch Roots, Herbs, Gums, and Balfoms,
as are exprels'd before in the Relation of Mary-land.
All forts of Trees for Building and Husbandry; Fruit-Trees, Vines, oc. are
as _
found in both Countreys, equal in goodnefs.and quantity, ‘onely in fuch things
require more! Sun, and that may be produc’d by Induftry) there may be fome little
in
difference, becaule Virginia is fomewhat more to the Southward of Maryeland, as
Vines, Oranges, Lemmons, Olives, Silk, ec.
sik-Gat. There is a Plant grows naturally in this Countrey, and in Marysland, call’d Silke
Grafs, which will make afine Stuff with a filky Glos, and better Cordage than.
/ Hemp or Flax, both forftrength and durance.
‘The wild Beats, Birds, and Fith, are much'the fame alfo in this Countrey as are
before defcrib’d in the precedent Defcription of Mary-land : ‘Neverthelefs we fhall
think it proper not to omit fome Fruits, Plants, Beafts, exc. mention’d by the moft.
Fruits pec authentick Defcribers of New England, ias peculiar to that Countrey. The Fruits
gin, are, their Putchamines, which are a kind of Damfons ; Meffamines, a kind of Grapes ;
Chechinguamins, a forvof Fruitrefemblinga Chefnut ; Rawcomens, a Fruit refembling
a Goofe-berry ; Macoguer,a'kind:of Apple :Mettaquefunnauks, a fort of Fruit refems
bling hikian Figs ; Morococks, refembling a Straw-berry, befides a Berry which they
call Ocoughtanamnis, fomewhat like to Capers. of AQ | |
Their peculiar Rootsare Tockawaugh, good to eat; Wichfacan, of great vertue in
healing of Wounds5!Pocones, good to affwage Swellings and*Aches ; Mu/quafpen,
wheréwith they Paint their Targets and Mats. Alfo they have in great requeft a
Pulfe call’: Affentamen, andthe Plant Mattouna, of which they make Bread. ;
Bealls. Their peculiar Beafts are, the Aroughena, refemblin g ; the Affapanick or
aBadger
Flying -Squerril; Opaffum, a certain Beaft having a Bag under her Belly, wherein fhe
carrieth and fucklech het. Young ;°Muffafcws, which fmelling ftrong of Musk, re-
fembleth a WatersRat; Utchunquois, a kind of wild Cat. |
;
.

Their peculiar Fifh are Stingrais.

-

On the Weft fide of the Bay of Chefapeak, between Cape Henry and the Southerly
' Bank of the River of Patomieck, arethree fair Navigable Rivers, as is before men-
Rivuce, won’d, into which the other {mall Rivulets fall; which here we will give fome ace
count of, as alfo of the Indian, or antient Names by which thefe three principal Ris
yers were formerly known. Thefirft whereof is Powhatan (now call’d Fames-River)
according to the Name of a large ‘and confidetable Territory that lieth upon it.
The Rivers that fall into this Southward, are “pamatuck; Eaftward, Quiyonycohanuc,
Nanfamund, and Chefopeak ; and: Northward, Chickamabania: Hf
The fecond Navigable River is Pamaunkee, by the Englifh now term’d York-River'.
The Rivulet that falls into this is Poyankatanck. | .
The third (which isbefore defcrib’d, and ufually known by the Name of Rap
_ pahanoc) was formerly term’d Toppabanoc. :
This we thought fit bere to infert, to the endno colour of miftake might remain
to after Ages concerning the derivation or original change of fuch proper Names,
efpecially being Places of great advantage to the Colony. ‘
The
Chap. II. AMERIC A. 197
The chiefeftof thofe Tribes or Divifions of People among the Indiz Several Peo-
ms-tliat were byName known tothe Englifh at their firfearrival, were ees
uponthe- River Poubatanthe Keconr tansy the Pdpabeves: Con whole oe"
Mandsfeateds fames-Town) the WcAnocks, Ve the ‘Appame-
tycks, thie NC anfamunds, the Chefapeacks ;&c.'On thé River Pamaun hee;
arethe Youngtanunds, the Mattapaments,’ &c. On'the River Toppaha.
noc; the Manahoacks, the Moraghtacunds, and the Cuttatawontens. On
the River Patawomek, the W i bicconsdaie: the Onammanten
ts ; and the
Mboyanances.' On the River’ Pawtuxunt ; the Acguintatfaacs, the Paw-
ruxuntsyand the’ Matapunents.On the River Bows the Safqnefahanoes:
Southward from the Bay, the Chawonocks, the Miangoacks, the Mona-
cans, the Mannahocks, the Mafawomeks; the Atquanabucks, and the Kuf-
carawaocks, befidesia number not material to be nam'd , as having had
little of Tranfaction thatwe hear of with the Planters. w
>| Fhenumber of Englifh \nhabitants inthis Country are in this pre- Nomber of
fent Year:1671. about: thirty or forty thoufand, who are plentifully —
ftock'd with all forts of tame'Cattel; ‘as Cows, Sheep, Hortles, Swine,
ereiandallforts of Englifh Grain »’ seat ftore of brave Otchards for
Fruit; whereof they make great quantities of Cyderand Perry.
> They have been much oblig’d by that worthy Gentleman Mr. Ed-
ward Digges, Sonof Sir Dadléy Di ges, who was Matter of the Rolls;
anda Privy Councellorto King Charles the Firft,of Great Britain, (c:
Forthe faid'Mr. Digges athis great Charge and Indaftry, hath very
much advanc’d the making of Silk inthis Countrey, for which pur-
pofeihe hath fent for feveral/Perfons out of Armenia to teach them that
Art cand ho tow wind it off the Cods of the Silk-wormis ; and ‘hath
madévat his‘own Plantation in thisColony for'fome years laft palt,
corifiderable quantities of Silk, which 18 found to be as good Silk as‘a>
ny‘isi n which hath encourag'd divers others to profecute
the W orld;
that Work. | : a
«2 Phoughthis Countrey be capable of producing many other good Riri iessi
Commodities, yet the Planters have hitherto imploy’d themfelves for Firginis.
the smoft :part.in Planting of Tobacco, as they do in Mary-Land
whereof je are two forts, one which ts call'd Sweet_/cented, and the
other call’d Oranoack, or Bright and Large; which is much more in
quantity, butof leffer price than the formér ; and the Plantations up-
on’ York ‘River are efteem’d to produce’ the beft of that fort of Sweet-
Sfeented:T here ts fo much of this Commodity Planted in-Virginia,and
Imported from thence into England, that the Cuftom and Ex¢ifé paid
in England for it, yields the King about fifty or threefcoré thoufand
Pounds Sterling, per annum : With this Commodity the Planters buy
of the Ships that come thither for it (which are above a hundred Sail
ycarly from England, and other Engli/h Plantations) all Neceffaries of
Clothing,and other Utenfils of Houthold_-ttuffxc.
, which they want,
though they make fome Shoes, and Linnen and: Woollen Cloth in
fome Partsof Virginia, of the growth and Manufacture of the Coun-
trey ;and if they would'Plant lefs Tobacco (as it is probable they will
ere long find it convenient for them to do, it being now grown rtde 3
xX 3 0
4
 AMERICA. Chap. II.
of very low value, by reafon of the vat quantities planted-ofie) they
might in time provide themfelves all Neceflatiesof Livelyhood, ranch,
roduce richer and more Staple-Commrodities forthéir Advantages:
Their ufual way of Trafique in buying and-fellingis by exchange.of
by.
one Commodity for another;and.T obaccos the general Standard,
which all other Commodities receive theitwalue; butthey:have fome,
Englifh an d foreign Coyns, which ferve them. upon man roccafionsany
~The Government is by, a Governor and Council, Appointediand
Authoriz’d from time. to time, by immediate (Coin miffion-fromthe
King of Great Brittain: And Laws are madeby the Governor, wath:
the confent’ofia General Affembly, which confifts.of two Houfes, ant
Upperand a Lower; the firft confilts of the Countiljand the latter of
the Burgeffes chofen.by the Freemen of the Countrey,;)-and ‘Laws fo,
made arein Force till His Majefty thinks fitto alterthemss. 1) io sist!
. ‘The chief Court of Judicature is call'd The Quarter-Court, becatife
wiljtis held every quarter of a Year, whege.all GaufesiCriminaland Ci-
vil are heard and determin’d, and the Judges of this Court arethe. Go-
vernor and Council? The prefent Governorimthis Year 1671.0is Sir
William Berkley, who was made Governor by King Charles the Firft,of
Great Brittain, &c..1n the Yeari640. And thofe ofthe Council are
Sir Henry Chichefly,. whois one of the greateft and moft. confiderable
Planters there, and, Mr. Edward Diggs before-mention’d,) Mr. Zhomas
Ludwel Secretary, Major-General Kobert Smith, and diversiotheriwore
thy Gentlemen.
:
;
l~e
~~
423

‘That Part of the Country where the Englifh are Planted,is divided.
into nineteen Counties, viz. AN orthampton-County,in:Acomack,,on the
Eaftern hore ; and'‘on the Weltern fhore ,, Corotucky eiieoeieae 3
Noanfemund,Tfle of Wight,Surry,W arwick,Henerico, Fames, Charles, Yorks
New-Kent, Glocefter, Middlefex, Lancafter; Norchumberland,W eftmorer
land, Rappabanock, and Harford-Counties, ro WV apc
In every,one of thefe Counties there areinferior Gounty-Gourts
kept every Month, thefe take no Cognizance of Caufes relating to
Life or Member, or exceeding a certain limited Value,fuch being re-
fer'd to the Quarter-Courts only, to which likewife there lie Appeals
from their! nferior Courts... | por qo
’
oeneltenO Slices she
There are Sherifts, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officersinevery
refpective County, appointed by the Governor, for the Adminiltrati-
on of Juftice, who fit there according to his Order, and whereof thefe
..

County-Courts are chiefly compos'd. Meter ice reels

_ There.are few Towns as yet erected in’ this Colony; the Principal
Seat of the Engli/h there, isat.a Place call’d, james-City,, in. Honor of
King James of Great Brittain, &c. This is fituated in a Peninfula, on
the North-fide of James R iver, and has init many fair Brick and _o-
ther good Houfes: In this place are held theQuarter-Courts,General
Affemblies, the Secretaries Office, and.all other Affairs-and, greateft
Concerns of the Colony are here difpatch’d. On the fame fide; nearer
the Mouth of this River,ftands Elizabeth-City, containing alfo feveral
cood Houles of Brickand Timber. bait 2RoRes
‘ 3 Sir
 Chap: Il- AMERICA. 199
Sir William Berkley, the prefent Governor refides at a place fomewhat
diftant from Pames-City, call'd Green-fpring, a fair Brick Houfe, which
he’ himfelfcaus’d tobe Built. -' pga 20.¥ 3
~Thevothér Towns of Note belonging to the English
are only Henri-
copolis, or Feniy's-Town-Cfo nami'd from Prince Henry then livin built
in a very ‘convenient place, more within Laid about eighty Miles di-
ftant from Fames-City’) and ‘Dale’s-Gift, fo nam'd from Str J homas Dale
Deptty-Governor of the Countrey, about the Year réto.
VT he Indians of Virginia far exceed thofe of Maryland, in’ Treachery |
anid Cruelty'to the Engli/h there, as will appear by this following Ree |
lation 6f their Proceedings towards them,fince the firft Seating of that
Colony, wherein neverthélefsithe’Crvility offome particular Perfons
at their firft Landing tsnot to be‘omitted, e ST i |
TULpon'the fittarrivalofCaptain 4nizdas and Captain Barlow in Win- Tranfacti-
ons between
yAnddesd, now Viirginia, they were accofted by Granganinieo (the King’s the Englifh
and the Na-
Byetkier of ‘that Countrey) who, attended with vrai n of forty
or fif- tives,
Men} came in a very'civil manner to Treat about a Commerce of
Trade and Vraffique, which immediatly began between them,and fe-
véral Barters weremadeé': Granganimeo,
who was very juft of his word,
atid always kept his promus'd Day ofmeeting , fancying mofta Pew-
ter Difh, gave twenty Deer-skins for it, and boring a Hole therein;
hung it about his Neck fora Breaft-plate ; afterwards he, with his
whole Comipany, and his W ife and Children, frequently and famili-
aly did eat diid drink aboard the Englifh Ships the Kinghimfelf call’d
Wingina, lying fick at his chief Town, fix days Journy off, of a dange-
yous Wrouittd which the had receiv’d from a neighboring King his
mortal’ Eneimy.>Some’ of the Englifh going to Land upon the Ifle of
Roanoick) were metby Granganimeo's Wife, who, her Husband being
abfent;commanded her Servants fome to draw their Boat afhore,fomie
torcatry them on their Backs to Land |, others to carry their Oars into
the Houfe for fear*of ftealing ; and having caus'd a great Fire to be
madé'to warm them, and todry thofe that had been wet in their Voi-
_ age, fhe afterwards entertain’d them with a plentiful Feaft or Banquet
aftér that Country fafhion ; and when they took alarm at the coming
of two or three of her Men with Bows and Arrows, fhe caus’d the
Bowsto be broken,and the Men to be beaten out of the Houfe, befides
{everal otlier demonftrations of extraordinary civility ; and when not
withftanding ail thisthey could not be perfwaded to Lodg any where
but in their Boat, fhe us’d all means imaginable to make them quit
their Jealoufy, and accept of a Lodging in the Houfe. |
In the Year 1585. a Company that went over with Sir Richard Green-
vil, burnt theTown of 4quafcogoc, for a Silver Cup that was ftoln by
fome of the Indians, took Prifoner Menatonon, King of Chawonoc, who
gave Relation of a King about three days Journy off, who poffefs'd an
Yfland rich in Pearl, which was taken in adeep Water that invtron’d
it. Going towards the Countrey of the Mangoacks (among whom in
the Province of Chaunis Temaotan, they heard of a Mine of ftrange
Copper call’d Waffador, with Skiko, the King of Chawonock’s Son and
Manteo,
 200 AMERICA. ‘Chap. II)
Manteo, a faithful Salvage, for their Guide) they were treacheroufly
dealt with by Wingina, alias Pemiffapan (tor fo, his Brother Grangam-,,
meo being lately dead, he had alter'd his Name) who endeavor-dito,
ftir up a Confederacy of the Chawonocks, Moratocks, and Mangoacks-a-
,
gain{t them, yet by the urgent perlwafions, of An/fenore his Father,
the trueft Friend the Englifh had; after the death of Granganimeo, and;
feeing them fafe return’dfi om their Journey,wherein hethoughrithey,
had all perifh’d., aad efpecially upon, Menatonon's encangeulsi sngese
to themwith Pearl, and Okifco King of W copomeock, to. yield himfel
Vaflal to the Queen of England; his Hatred wasfomewhat,cgol dp but.
Enfenore deceating foon after, he return’d to his old treacherous, P Ta-|
ctifes again, and in che end, .while he was contriying Mifchief againfty
the Platters, he himfelf was fhot, taken Prifoner, and beheaded. ..., ‘
After the Company left upon Virgimaby Sir Richard Greenvil, for
he himfelf was return’d),tir'd out with hunger, hardfhip,.and thema.,
ny extremities they; were;at laftreduc’d to, had defertad the Placejand’
obtain’d pallaze for England, through the civility of Sir Francis Drake,,
itying their diftre{s, fifty Men more were Landed upon Roanoack-I, les
e the fame,Perfon,who how they were furpris'd.and.deftr oy'd by. this
was difcover'd at large to the Supply that was fent overin the
Nattyes,
Year 1587. by Mr. White. : "
-
rae
OQ
Pith “993
A {mall Party under Captain Smith goingidown the! River, toy
Keconghean,.were very fiercely aflaulted by fixty orfeyenty Indians,
but ther Mufquet-fhot did fuch Execution amongftithem, that they.
fled into. the W oods and left behind them the Image, of their Gody
which had been scarry’d before them,as their Standard,/and,not long
after fentyone ot their Queiongca/forks toiofter Peace, and to.redeem their
Okee; which Swuth granting, on condition fix onely of them would
come unarm’d and load his Boat with Provifions, ~h promifing-more
over to become their Friend, and furnifh them with Beads, Copper,
and Hatchets:. They accepted the Condition, and brought him Ve-
nifon, Turktes, wild Fowl; Bread, and what elfe they had., Singing
and Dancing in fign of Friendfhip till they departed,..cwgbiin silk eee
In his next V oyage for. the difcovery of the Head of Chickamahania
River, he was, through the negled of his Sea-men who were fentto
watch the Booty, taken Prifoner ..ia which, condition he was kepra
whole,Month: then being releas’d ,.he got Provifions forthe People
in Fames-! own; which had they not timely.receiv'd, theythadallia-
bandun'd the Place, and return’d to England. 2: ay : sel
While Affairs ftood thus in a mean condition, Captain Newport
ariving there with a Ship and fixty, Men to ftrengthen the
Plantations,
King Powe He went to Weromocomoco, where King Powhatan kept his Court, and
mea found him fitting on a Bed of Mats,and an Embroider'd Leather Cur
fhion, Cloth’d in Deer-skins ; ath:s Feet fata yonng Maiden, and on
each fide of the Houfe twenty Concubines; his Head and Shoulders
painted red,and a Chain of white Beads about his Neck. N ewportito
oblige him, gave him an Englifh Youth for which he receiv'd Powha-
tans Friend Mamontak; with whom returning,he found afad.accident,
for
 a
- oj

Chap. dI. - AMERICA. 201

_ forthe Fire had not onely burnt the Houles of the new Planters, but alfo the Pal-
lifado’s about James-Town, made for a Defence againft the Enemies Affaults, and James- Town
moftof their Store; which was fo much ‘the worle, becaufe it hapned in che urnt,

Winter, and indeed had prov’d very fatal, had not a Ship, which was fuppos’d to
be loft, happily arriv’d there with a confiderable quantity of Provifions.
Whilft the Town was rebuilding Smith fer'Sail in an Open Barqie with fourteen Smith's Voya
Men, and difcover’dtwo Ifles before Point Charles; to which’ he’ gave his Name ; i c.

then ram into the Inlet (hefapeack; inthe midft 6f which lay feveral Iflands, by the His remark-
Sea-men call’d Ruffels. Before the River Wighcomoco they founda difturbed Sea, and able
ploits,
Ex-

more Northerly a Bay with freth and hot Water, and at laft he met with two Virgi-
nians, which conducted the Englifh along a Creek to Onawmoment, where fome hun-
dreds of them lay in Ambufcade, accord Powhatan’s
ing :toht, to cut off
appointint
Smith ; who leaping forth on aifudden appear’d like Devils, allipainced » but the
Bullets flying about made them all run away. Smith,whofe Defign was onely to difs
cover the:Countrey, and the Silver Mine of. Patawomeck, ten Leagues-up into thé
Countrey, found the Metal to be of little value}: fo thatthe retiirn’d with: tittle Sucz
ces, being newly cur’d of a poyfonous' Wound in the Atm, which was given him
by a Fifh not unlike a Shark, whilft he lay aground ‘near Toppabanocks 0 8
» Awhile after being inform’d of Powhatan’s Defigh to deftroy the Engli/h, (though
he had been lately Prefented by Newport with a Silver Bafin, 2 rich Chair, Bed, and
Furniture belonging'to ic, with other things of value) he, to preventhim, chofe
forty eight out of two hundred Men which were Garrifon’d in JameseTiwn, then
going to Werowocomoco, Landed with much trouble, the River being frozen above
half a Mile from the Shore. | 7 |
A German Soldier amongft Smith's Company giving private notice to Powhatan
of the Defign of the Englifh, made his Efcape by ‘flight + But Smith going on to
Pamaunke, found King Opechancangough with feven'hundted Men in Arms, threats
ning a fierce Battel ; but Smith making dire&ly up to him, {et his Piftol on his
Breaft, and forc’d him to lay down his Arms. Powhatan by this time provided
with Swords-and Mufquets by two Dutch-men, alfo began to beftir himfelf afreth ;
but his Intentions being too foon known, he was again quieted, and forc’d a {econd
time to fend Smith a String of Pearl ; after which a Peace was concluded between
- all the Natives and the Englifh.
Many other Quarrels and Encounters there were inthe Infancy of the Planta+
tion between the Indians and the English, wherein it would be endlefs to recount all
the Treacheries and Ambufcades of the Salvages, fome of which had prov'd very
pernicious to the Planters, had they not been betray’d to Captain Smith by Poca-
honta, King Powhatan’s Daughter, who upon alloccafions fhew’d her felf a great
Friend to the Bnglifh, having fav'd the Captain’s Life,when, being her Father’s Pri-
foner, he was juft brought to Execution. |
This Lady was afterwards brought into England, Chriftned by the Name of
Rebekah, and Married to one Mr. Rolf, and died at Gravefend in an intended Voy-
age back to her own Countrey. ee?
~ Nor did their Cruelties and Treacheries end when the Plantation came to be
more fetled, for on the two and twentieth of March about the Year 1621. inthe
time of Sir Francis Wyat’s Government, they generally combin’d to deftroy all the
Englifh there; and carried on this devilifh Defign with fuch difiimulation and dex-
terity, that in one day they cut off feven hundred Men, Women, and Children,
there being at that time not above fifteen hundred in the Countrey. ©
Since which time, in the Year of our Lord 1643. there hapned another bloody
Maffacre,
 os |
AMERICA Chap. I.
Maffacre, wherein near five hundred Englifh were in one Night miferably butcher’d
by thofe barbarous and perfidious Salvages :. whofe Blood the prefent Governor,
Sir William Berkley, nobly and juftly reveng’d the Year following, utterly deftroying
‘moft of them, and taking Prifoner their chief Emperor, Opichancono, who.died not
long after in Prifon. | d
Having given but a {mall hint, in its proper place,, of the Story of Captain
Smith’s Imprifonment by Powhatan, and his deliverance from Death by Pocahonta;
we have thought not improper to referve che Story of it, being very. remarkable
for a particular Relation, before we conclude our Defeription of Virginia, fince
otherwife, we fhould have interrupted the Series of our former Difcourfe.

The Relation of Captain Smith's being taken Prifoner by Powhatan, and

of bis being deliver'd from Death by his Daughter Pocahonta.
Ts Salvages having drawn from one George Caffen', whither. Captain
Smith was gone, profecuting that opportunity, they follow’d him with
three hundred BowesMen , conducted by the King of Pamaunkee , who
in divifions, fearching the turnings. of the River, found two of his Men by
the fire fide , whom they fhot full of Arrows, and flew. Then finding the
Captain, who, as is faid, us’d the Salvage that was his Guide as his Shield,
(three of them being flain, and others fore gall’d) the reft would not come
neat him: Thinking thus to have return’d to his Boat, regarding ,them as
_ he march’d, more than his way, he flipp’d up to the middle in an OfiersCreek,
and his Salvage with him, yet durft they not come to him, till being near dead
with cold, he threw away his Arms: Then according to theit compofition, they”
‘drew him forth, and led him tothe Fire, where his Men were flain; diligent-
ly they chaf’d his benumm’d Limbs, he demanding for their Captain, they fhew’d
him Opechankanough, King of Pamaunkee, to whom he gave a round Ivory double
compa{s Dyal. Much they marvel’d at the playing of the Fly and Needle, which
they could fee fo plainly, and yet not touch it, becaufe of the Glafsthat cover’d -
them; but when he demonftrated by that Globe-like Jewel, the roundnefs of the
Earth, and Skies ; the*Sphere of theSun, Moon, and Stars, and how the Sun did
chafe the Night round about the World continually ; the greatnefs of the Land
:

; fi
if

and Sea; the diverfity of Nations, variety of Complexions, and how we were to
os
‘ t
e'¢
sir

“)
»
¥
§
i
‘
|
1 them Antipodes, and many other fuch like matters, they all ftood.as amaz’d with
:
M4

\
f

admiration : Notwithftanding, within an hour after they ty’d him to a Tree, and
as many as could ftand about him prepar’d to fhoot him; but the King holdingup ~
j :
:

a? ‘) .
e ty

the Compafs in his Hand, they all laid down their Bowes and Arrows, and ina
MM) ¢

) : '
fy

a,
4
re ie)
-
; triumphant manner led him to Orapaks, where he was after their manner kindly
.
:
*
i=
at
Sy
Feafted, and well us‘d. ,
Theit order in condugting him was thus; Drawing themfelves all in Fyle, the
a) iSft Ant

King in the midft had all their Bowes and Swords borne before him. Captain
' i
OR
1a

sak)
Smith was led after him by three great Salvages, holding him faft by each Arm ;
|
<—
tas! a
a
i

and on each fide fix went in Fyle with their Arrows nocked. But arriving at the
Al

vi ie
’ ie :
: i”

Town (which was but onely thirty or forty Hunting Houfes made 0! Mats, which
re

se

they remove as they pleafe, as we our Tents) all the Women and Children faring
4 A» |
»
‘

and gazing at him, the Souldiers firft all in Fyleawheel’d off to the Rear in good
Order; on each Flank were Officers, like Serjeants to fee them keep their Poftures:
A good time they continu’d this Exercife, and then caft themfelves in a Ring,
Dancing in fuch feveral Poftures, and finging and yclling out fuch hellith Notes
and
Chap. If. AMERICA. , er ys |
and Screeches; being Rrangely Painted, every one his Quiver of Arrows, and at
his Back a Club; on his Arm a Fox or an Orters-skin, or fome fuch matter for his
vambra ce; their Heads and Shoulders Painted red, with Oyl and Pocones mingled
together, which Scarlet-like colour, made an exceeding handfome fhow; his Bowe
in his Hand, and che Skin of a Bird with her Wings abroad dry’d, ty’d on his Head,
a piece of Copper, a white Shell, a long Feather, with a fmall Rattle growing at
the Tails of their Snaks ty’d fo it, or fome fuch like Toy. All this while Smith and
the King ftood in the midft, guarded, as before is faid, and after three Dances they
all departed. Smith they conducted to a long Houle, where thirty or forty tall Fel-
lows did guard him, and e’re long, more Bread and Venifon was brought him
than would have ferv’d twenty Men, ‘Ichink his Stomack at that time was not ve-
ry good ; what he left, they put in Baskets and ty’d over his Head. About mid-
night they fet the Meat again before him ; all this time none of them would eat a
bit with him, till the nexe Morning they brought him as much more, and then
did they eat all the old, and referv’d the new as they had done the other, which
made him think they would feed him for flaughter : Yet in this defperate eftate to
fend him from the cold, one Maocaffater brought him hisGown, in requital of fome
Beads and Toys Smith had given him at his firft arrival in Virginia.
Two days after a man would have flain him (but that the Guard prevented it)
for the death of his Son, to whom they conducted him to recover the poor man
then breathing his laft. Smith told them, that at James-Town he had a Water would
do it, ifthey would let him fetch it, butthey would not permit that; but made all
the preparations they could to afflaule James-Town , craving his advice, and for res.
compence he fhould have Life, Liberty, Land, and Women, In part of 2 Tables
book he writ his mindto them at the Fort, what was intended, how they fhould
follow that dire&tion to affright the meflengers, and without fail fend him fach
things as he writ for, and an Inventory with them. The difficulty and danger, he %
told the Salvages, of the Mines, great Guns, and other Engines, exceedingly af-
frighted them, yet according to his Requeft they went to James-Town, in as bitter
weather as could be of Froft and Snow, and within three days return’d with an Ans
{wer. =
’ But when they came to James-Town, {€eing Men fally out as he had cold thém
they would, they fled; yetin the night chey came'again to the. {ame place where
he had told them they fhould receive anfwer, and fuch things as he had promis’d
them, which they found accordingly, and with which they return’d with no {mall
expedition, to the wonder of them all, fuppofing that he could either Divine,or
the Paper could {peak : then they Jed him to the Youthtanunds, the Mattapanieuts, the
Payankatanks, the Nantaughtacunds, and Onawmanients upon the Rivers of Rapabanock,
and Patawomek, through intricate ways, and back again by divers other feveral Na-
tions, to the Kings Habitation at Pamaunkee, where they entertain’d him with moft
firange and fearful Conjurations. Not long after,early in the Morning, a great fire
was made in along Houle , and a Mat fpread on each fide thereof, on the one
they causd himggpfit, and all the Guard went out of the Houfe, and prefently
there came skippifig in a great grim Fellow, all Painted over with Coal, mingled
with Oyl ; and many Snakes and Welels-skins ftuff’d with Mofs , and all their
Tails ty’d together, fo as they met on the Crown of his Head in a Taflel ; and
round about the Taflel was a Coronet of Feathers, the Skins hanging round
about his Head, Back, and Shoulders, and in a manner cover’d his Face, with a
hellith voice, and a Rattle in his Hand. With moft ftrange geftures and paffions
he began his Invocation, and environ’d the fire with a Circle of Meal, which
| done,

ee ee, = £v
 Le

i.

“FAM ERICA. Chap. te

done, three more fuch like Devils came rufhing in with the like antique Tricks,
Painted half black, half red, but all their Eyes were Painted white, and fome red
ftrokes like Mutchato’s, along their Cheeks : round about him thofe Fiends Dance’d
a pretty while, and then came in three more as ugly as the reft, with red Eyes, and
whice ftrokes over their black Faces-, at laft they all fate down right againft him,
three of them onthe one hand of the chick Prieft, and three on the other; then all
with their Rattles began a Song, which Sutdieds the chief Prieft laid down five
-
Wheat Corns, then ftretching his Arms and Hands with fuch violence, that he
a
»
fweat, and his Veins fwell’d, he began a fhort Oration : at the conclufion, they
all gave a fhort groan, and then laid down three Grains more ; after that, began
their Song again, and then another Oration, ever laying down fo many Corns as
before, till they had twice incircled the Fire ; that done, they took a bunch of lit-
_-=
£ tle Sticks, prepared for that purpofe, continuing ftill their Devotion, and -at the
end of every Song and Oration , they laid-down a Stick between the Divifions of
Corn: till night, neither he nor they did either eat or drink, and then they feas
== —
aie
—-
==
—_
=-=

4 “, 7 >-=- -—>
~~ ~

fted merrily, with the beft Provifions they could make : Three days they us’d this
Ceremony, the meaning whereof they told him, was to know if he intended them
--*
“~=a
~”
>-
ms
—=o
.——=
=~——
=a
~=

well, orno. The Circle of Meal fignifi'd their Countrey, the Circles of Corn the
7.s-a
a’

—_
——
_-2~~?
—=————

bounds ofthe Sea, and the Sticks his Countrey. They imagin’d the World to be
wh
at
SEa
Psbeen,
weet3aan,
7-dejen+=—-
—_
>>
<r
-- - aeee
—

flatand round, like a Trencher, and theyin the midft. After this they brought him
SS
co a Bag of Gun-powder, which they carefully preferv’d till the next Spring, to Plant
as they did their Corn, becaufe they would be acquainted with the nature of that ~
oe
—>

4
—_
Seed. Opitchapam, the King’s Brother, invited him-to his Houfe, where, with as ma-
a
ny Platters of Bread, Fowl, and wild Beafts, as did environ him, he bid him well-
*_ come, but not any of them would eat a bit with him, but put up all the remainder
in Baskets. At his return to Opechancanoughs, all the Kings Women, and their Chil-
» dren, flock’d about him for their Parts, as a due by Cuftom, to be merry with fuch
Kragments.
At laft, they brought him to Meronocomoco, where was Powhatan their Emperor.
Here more than two hundred of thofe grim Courtiers ftood wondering at him, as
e had been a Monfter ; till Powhatan aaa his Train had put themlelves in cele
oreatelt Braveries. Reais a Fire, upon a feat like a Bedfted, he fit cover’d with a
great Robe, made of Rarowcun- Skins: and all the Tails habsind by. On either
hand did fit a young Maid, of fixteen or eighteen years of Age, and along on each
fide the Houle, two rows of Men, and behind them as. many Women, with all
their Heads aiidShoulders Painted red ;many of their, Heads bedeck’d with the
white Doun of Birds, but every one with fomething, and a great Chain of white
| Beads about their Necks. At his entrance before the Emperor,
all the People gave a
great fhout. The Queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him Water to wafh
his Hands, and another brought him a bunch of Feathers, in ftead of aTowel to
dry them: Having Feafted him after their barbarous manner as well as they could,
along confultation was held; but in conclufion, two great Stones being brought
before Powhatan, as many as dould, laid Hands on him, dragg’diiim to them, and
thereon laid hisHead, when being ready with their Clubs, to beat out his Brae
Pocahontas, the Emperors deareft Daughter, {eeing no intreaty could prevail, got his
Head in hed Arms, and laid her own upon his to fave him from death, whéteae
the Emperor was einveritel he fhould live to make him Hatchets, ai her Bells, .
Beads, and Copper; for they thought him a Man of all Occupations like thems
felves; for the King himfelf will make his own Robes, Shoes, Bowes, Arrows,”
Pots, Plant, Hunt, or do any thing as well as the reft.
Two
 ~ ) a | | iy

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)
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Aicaman

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Port Roya .!
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both Sarteret Fae

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 AMERICA. 205 |
Chap. Il.
“Two days after, Powhatan having difguis’d himfelf in the -moft fearful mannet
Woods,
‘he could, caus’d Captain Smith co be brought forth to a great Houfe in the
after, from behind a
and there upon a Mat by the Fire to be left alone.. Not long
Mat that divided the Houfe, was made the moft doleful noifle he ever heard; then
Powhatan, more like a Devil than a Man, with about two hundred more as black as
ntly
himfelf, came unto him, and told him, That now they were Friends,and prefe
he fhould go to James-Iown, to- fend him two great Guns and a Grindftone, for
as
which he would give him the Countrey of Capabowofick, and for ever efteem him
his Son Nantaquoud. So to James-Town with twelve Guides Powhatan fent him.
That Night they Quarter’d in the Woods, he ftill expecting (as he had done all
;
this long time of his Imprifonment) every hour to be put to one Death or other
for all their Feafting :but Almighty God (by his Divine Providence) had molli-
6’d the Hearts of thofe ftern Barbarians with compaffion. ‘The next Morning be-
times they came to the Fort, where Smith having usd the Salvages with what kinds
verins
nefs he could, he fhew’d Rawhunt, Powhatan’s trufty Servant, two Demi-Cul
y, but
and a Milftone, to carry to Powhatan : they found them fomewhat too heav
git the
when they faw him Difcharge them, they being loaded with Scones, amon
tumbling
Boughs of a great Tree loaded with Iickles,the Ice and Branches camefo
t laft we re-
down, that the poor Salvages ran away half dead with Fear. Buca
, and fent to Powha-
gain’d fome Conference with them, and gave them fome Toys
full content.
tan’s Women and Children fuch Prefents, as gave them in general,

SEC Tx: Vi

Carolina.
{3x Situation and
Om is that part of Florida which lies between twenty nine and thirty Defcription
csrslina,
Degrees and thirty Minutes of Northern Latitude: It is wafh’d on the of
Eaft and South, with the Atlantich Ocean ; on the Weft with Mare Pacifi-
n
cum, or the South Sea ; and on the North, bounds on Virginia. A Countrey wherei
the Inhabi-
Nature fhews how bountiful fhe can be without the affiftance of Art,
depending
tants (excepting a litcle Maiz which theit old Men and Women Plant)
ions,
meerly on the natural and {pontancous Growth of the Soil for their Provif
with
the Woods furnifhing them with ftore of Fruit and Venifon, and the Rivers
plenty of feveral forts of wholfom and favory Fifh.
ve fromthe natural
This Maintenance, which without forecaft or toil they recei
nefs of theit
fruitfulnefs of the Countrey, will, if we confider either the large
unhealthy,
Growth, or the duration oftheir Lives, be thought neither fcanty nor
ftrong and
their Stature being of a larger fize than that of Englifhemen, their Make
found in the
well proportion’d, a crooked or mif-fhapen Perfon being not to be
t continu-
whole Countrey ; and (whete the chance of War, which they are almof
of ©
ally engag’d in one againft another in their little Governments, {pares any
they
them) they live to an incredible old age ; fo that when the Englifh came there,
found fome of their Kings, who faw defcend from them the fixth Generation,
Grapes (Of Produations
The Soil is very rich and fertile, producing naturally Walnuts,
Apricocks, °° zl
which the Englifh who are there Planted have. made very good. Wine)
of very good
~ Bullys, with a multitude of others ;. befides the Woods alfo are full
Mul-
Peaches, and all the Seafon of the Year ftrew’d all over with Strawberries,
are the
berry-Trees are the common growth of the Woods ; and to affure you they
natural Offsprinofg the Place, and grow to an incredible bignefs,one whereof the
Y Engli(h :
; “.
 3 | A oe
AMERICA. | Chap. IT.
Englifh (who are new Planted at Albemarle Pomt on Afhley River) made ufeto faften the .
Gate of their Pallifado to, was folarge, that all who came from thence fay, they
never faw any Oak in England bigger, which is but the ordinary fize of the Mul-
berry-Trees of this Countrey, which is fo fure an Argument of the richnefs of the
Soil, that the Inhabitants of Virginia enquiring of the Seamen who came from
thence, concerning the Quality and Produé of the Countrey, when they were in-
form’d of the large Mulberry-Trees it produc’d, were fo well fatisfi’d with it, that
they made no farther Enquiry. There are alfo other Trees, as Afh, Poplar, and
Bay, with feveral forts unknown to us of Europe; but thofe which make it almoft
all one general Forreft of large Timber-Trees, are Oak, both red-and white, and
Cedar. There arealfo here and there large Groves of Pine-Trees, fome a hundred
Foot high, which afford a better fort of Maft than are to be had either in Mary-
Land or Norway. Thefe larger Trees weaving their luxuriant Branches into a clofe
Shade, fuffer no Under-wood to grow between them, either by their Droppings,
or elfe the Heads of Deer which loofening all the tender Shoots, quite deftroy it;fo.
that a great part of che Countrey isas it were a vaft Forreft of fine Walks, free from
the heat of the Sun,or the incumbrance of Shrubs and Bufhes,and fo clear and open,
that a Man may eafily ride a Hunting amongft the Trees, yielding a Profpecé very
pleafant and furpaffing. On the Skirts of thefe Woods grow lefler Trees.and Shrubs
of feveral forts ; amongft them are fundry Dying Materials, which how well the
_ Inhabitants know how to make ufe of, appears in the DeereSkins that the chief of
them wear, which are Painted, or rather Dy’d, with feveral lively Colours. But
amongft their Shrubs, one of moft note and ufe is that whofe Leaves make their
(afini, a Drink they frequently ufe, and affirm to be very advantageous for the pre-
fervation of Health ; which, by the defcription our Bnglifh give of the fize, colour,
;
1

and fhape of the Leaf, the fort of Tree irgrows,on,and the tafte, colour, and effects
; ‘
i
A ie

of the Drink, which is nothing but the Decodtion of the Leaf, feemsto be the very
AD

fame with the Fuft-India TEE, and by thofe who have feen and tafted both, af-
| s
t
‘

firm’d to be no other, and may very probably be a {pontaneous and native Plant.
| dul

sy

of this Place, fince thofe who give us an account of it, tell us, that this fo much
\ ° '

/ ’
,
he,

valu’d Leaf grows moft plentifully in Nanking, a Province in China under the very
'
J ‘ |
‘
nl

fame Latitudejand very much agreeing in Soil and Situation with this of Carolina.
’
a
‘
: r
;
4

!
7

4
:
’

i!
:
Ty?
|
+
What Herbs elfe the Countrey produces, the Bnglifh Enquirers (who by minding
their Plantations and Settlement there, have been taken off from fuch unprofitable
‘
it a "
th
nul : :

A@tions) give us but little account, onely they fay, thatthofe Plats of Ground
Mt :
ADB } :
] AR ‘e

which have been formerly clear’d off by the Indians for the Planting their Corn,
4 : :
4 ae :
" n.* \

hr t \
4 iP.

they found thick cover’d with threesleav'd Grafsand Dazies, which the fertility of
iM"?
0 An |
:
lat 4

the Soil thrufts forth, whenever the Natives remove their Tillage to fome other —
aif) Fe.

place, and leave the Earth to its own produétion ; and in other parts they found
van "
4) —>
tai F ;
! a i :

plenty of Garden Herbs growing wild. The low and Moorifh Grounds are for
'
* S|a

Tpit
+ h
7

the moft part overgrown with Sedge and Reeds, andifuch other Trafh, which ufu-
« Nas
a J ‘>
+ iF, F

riko ty
7 :

ally incumbers rich and uncultivated Lands ; thofe they call Swam/fas, which with
ee ny
: a i"
,
~
_-

oe

a little Husbandry would prove very good Meadows. There are alfo fome large
and pleafant Savanas, or grafly Plains. ;
Thefe are a part of the Trees and Plants beft known to us, that Nature of her
oe
a
i.

felf produces, in a Soil which contrives and nourifhes any thing. The Englifh who
SO
--

eS
e

are now Planted in the moft Northern parts of it,atAlbemarle, bordering on Virgi-
ay
4—
nia, have Apples, Pears, Cherries, Apricocks, Plumbs, and Water-Melons, equal.
eer
alr
Ss
a
ee?
=aaa ling, and if you will believe the Inhabitants, both in largenefs of fize and goodnefs
of tafte, exceeding any in Europe. And they who are Setled farther South on Ajbley
———
ptt
é~‘

| | River,
 Chap. i. — AMERICA. ; 169
| River, have found that. the Oranges, Lemmons, Pomegranates, Limes, Pome-
citrons, exc. which they Planted there, have thriven beyond expectation: and
there is nothing which they have put into the Earth, that through any defect in the
Soil, hath fail’d to profper.
Befides thofe things which ‘do ferve to fatishé Hunger, or ptovoke it, the Land argew
doth with great return prodtice Indigo, Ginger, Tobacco; Corton, and othies Come Country.
modities fit to fend abroad and furnifh foreign Markets; and when a little time
fhall have brought thofe kind of Plants to maturity, ee given’ the Inhabitants
leifure to furnifh themfelves with Conveniences for ordering thofe things aright,
the Trials that they have already made of the Soil and its fitnefs for fuch Plan-
_ tations, aflure you, that befides Silk, enough to ftore Ewrope, and a great many
other confiderable Commodities, they fhall have as great plenty of good Wine
and Oyl, as any part of the World. .
The Mould is generally black; mellow, and upon handling feels foft, and (to
ule their Expreffion who have »been there) foapy, andis generally all over the
Countrey juft like the fine Mould of our well.order’d Gardens. Under this black
Earth, which is of a.good thicknefs in moft places that they have try’d, there lies a
Bed of Marle, and in fome parts Clay.
The Rivers are ftor’d with plenty of-excellent Fith of feveral forts, which are tae fim and
ken with great eafe in abundance, and are onegreat part of the Natives Provifion, ““""""
who are never like to wantthis Rectuit, in a Countrey fo abounding in large Rie
vers, there being in that one. fmall Tra& between Port Rafal and Cape Carteret,
which are not one Degree diftant, five or fix great Navigable Rivers, that empty
themfelves into the Sea. Thefe Rivers are alfo cover’d with Flocks of Ducks and |
Mallard, whereof millions are feen together, befides Cranes, Herons, Geefe, Cut-
lews, and other Water-Fowl,- who are fo eafie to be kill’d, that onely rifing at the
difcharge and noife of a Gun, they inftancly light again in the fame place, and pre-
fently offer a frefh Mark to the Fowler. At the Mouths of the Rivers, and along
the Sea-Coaft, are Beds of Oyfters, which are of a longer Make than thofe in Exrope,
but very well ‘talted, wherein are often found good large Pearls, whichthough the
unskilful Indians by wafhing the Oyfters do commonly difolaut. and {poil their
luftre, yet *tis not to be doubted, but if rightly order’d, there will be found many
of value, and the Fifhing for icin turn to fome account.
Befides. the eafie Provifions which the Rivers and Seaafford, their Woods are
well ftock’d with Deer, Rabbets, Hares, Turtle-Doves, Phefants, Partridges, and
‘an infinite numbet of Wood-Pigeons and wild Turkies, which are the ordinary
Difhes of the Indians, whofe Houfe-keeping depends on their Fifhing and Hunting,
and who have found it no ill way of Living in fo fertile a Countrey, totruft them-
{elves without any labor or forecaft, to the Supplies which are there provided to
their hands, without the continual trouble of Tillage and Husbandry. Befides,
thefe Woods are fill’d with innumerable cepts of {maller Birds, as different in
their Notes as Kinds. :
The Temperature of this Province is agreeableto a Countrey, whofe Pofition y.,rersnine
is on the warmer fide of the temperate Zone, but yet the Heat is not-fo fultry nor o' S
offenfive, as in Places under the fame Latitude in the Old World , to which modera-
tionofHeat, as wellas the healthinefs of it, the vaft Aslantich Ocean, lying toche
_ Eaft and South of it, may perhaps not a little contribute, an inftance whereof
fome think China to be ; to which defervedly admir’d Countrey Carolina exaGly an-
fwers in its Pofition and Latitude, the trending from North-Eaft to South- Weft
of its Coaft, and the lownefs of its Shore, and wants nothing but Inhabicants, to
Y 2 make
 -

AMERICA. Chap. i.
make it equal, ifnot excell, in all conveniences of Life, as it doth in richnefs of
Soil, that flourifhing Empire. The healthinefs of rhe Air is fuch, that ic is nor
onely benign and favorable to the home-bred Indians, and CokRiriiniots accuftom’d
to it, but the Englifh-men who firft Planted on Ajhley River, though for fome other
Conveniences they Planted on the fide, or almoft middle of a Morafs, and were en-
compafs’d with a falt Marfh, where the Air, pentup with Woods that furrounded
them, had not that freedom it hath in open ned cultivated Countreys, yet loft not
in a whole years time, of a confiderable number, any one Perfon, of any Difeafeto
be imputed to the Countrey, thofe few that dy’d in that time finking under lin-
gring Diftempers which they brought with chem, and had’almoft worn them out
before they came thither. The Bermudians (who beingaccuftom’d to the pure Air

other Place) affur’ d of the healthinefs of this Place, which isthe next Land to
them, and under the fame Latitude, venture hither. And generally all the Englifh
Planting in the Weft-Indies, are fo taken with the Convenienctes of this Countrey,
which, as fome of the moft confiderable of the Englifhin thofe Parts fay of it, pros
mifes allthat the Heart of Man can wifh, that they fend the overplus: of chest Peo-
ple hither ;to which the Inhabitants of Barbados, a skilful and wary fort of Plan-
ters, well knowing iin all the parts of the Weft-Indies, have been found to remove the
Hinds they could{pare. Asthe Summer is not intolerably nor offenfively hor, fo _
the Winter isnottroublefom nor pinching, but enough to correé& the Humors of
Mens Bodies, the better to ftrengthen them, and preferve their Healths, and fo far
to check the growth of Plants, that by this ftop they may put out more regularly,
and the Com and other Fruits the becter ripentogether, and be ready feafonably ae
the Harveft, the want whereof in fome Countreys hinders the beneficial Growth
of feveral valuable Commodities,the continual Spring all the year long making that
their Crops are never ready, their Trees being laden with green and ripe Fruit at
the fametime, which is to be feen in the Vines growing between the Tropicks,
where, shesagls they bear excellent Grapes, yet they cannot make any Wine; whileft
the mixture of ripe and fowre Grapes uponthe fame Branch,renders them titty for |
the Prefs, which from Grapes fo blended, though of a good kind, would fqueeze
out a very crude and ufelefs Liquor. This alfo is the reafon why ‘many Parts
where our Wheat will grow very well, do yet lofe the benefit of it, while the fe. -
veral Ears ripening unequally, never make the Crop fit for the Sickle. But this
Countrey hath Winter enough to remove that Inconyenience, and to put fuch a ftop
tothe Rife of the Sap, and the Budding of Plants, as to make the feveral kinds of
Fruits Bud and Bloffom in their diftiné& Seafons, and keep even pace till they are
fit to be gather‘d.
NawureCon 2 0 this happy Climate the native Inhabicants are very well fuited, a frong;
MamerofAufty, and well fhap’d People, who to their well knit and aétive Bodies, want not
tae ftout and vigorous Minds , they area People of a good Underftanding, well Hu-
mos’d, and generally fo juft and Honeft, that they may feem to have no nétice of,
as their Language hath no word for, Difhonefty and Cheating ; and the worft
Name they have for ill Men is; that they are not good. They are a ftout and yas’
liant People, which appears in the conftant Wars they are engag’d in, not’ out of
covetoufnels, and adefire of ufurping others Poffeffions, or to enrich cherhilehivée by |
7 the Spoils of their Neighbors, but upon a pitch of Honor, and for the glory of Vi-
mor
Re ctory, which is their greateft joy, there being no parts of their Lives wherein they
enjoy fo much fatisfaction, and give themfelves fo wholly to Jollity, as in their
=ea
-
-1.4
ll
<~~
«“
pane,
Caan
——_
i2.
tiie

——
oe
Se
—_—
-
Triumphs after Victory. Valor therefore is the Vertue they moft efteem and
mr
ee
reward,
:“

etSe eS
>
% vs
cart
*
-_-—
a
’=
= —
+
_-
4 =a—~—
—.
“ - ~——
 Chap. H. AMER IC a. 209
reward, and he which hath behav’d himfelf well in the Wars, is fuffer’d to wear
the Badges. of Honor, and is adyane’d beyond others with fome Marks of his
. Courage; which amongft fome isblacking the Skin below his Eyes with black
Lead, in fafhion fomething of an Half-Moon ; which Mark of Courage is not fuf-
fer’d to be worn by any, but thofe who by fome brave Adtion, as killing the Ene.
my’s Leader, wc. hath fignaliz’d himfelf in their Encounters. They are faithful to
their Promifes, fair and candid in their Dealings, and fo far from Difhonefty, that
they want even the Seeds of ir, viz. Forecaft and Covetou{nefs; and he will be
very little apt to deceive youto Day, who troubles not himfelf much about to
Morrow, and trufts fomthe Provifions of the Day to the Day it felf; which pro-
ceeds not in them for want of Wit, butdefire of Content and. Quiet, or by the hel p
of their natural Reafon they enjoy that Happinefs which the Philofophers could
not by their Study and Reading attain to, whileft thefe Men cut off thofe Defires
which Learning couldnever help the other to Govern, and which if once permit-
ted torun out beyond the prefent, are capable of no Reft nor Bounds. In their
‘Converfationthey are courteous and civil, and in their Vifits make Prefents to one
another; when they meet, their way of Salutation is ftroaking on the Shoulders,
and fucking in their Breath; and if he be a great Man whom they Salute, they
ftroak his Thighstoo; as civil an Addrefs, as thofe Patterns of good Breeding, the
Hero’s, usd to their Princes, who in their greateft Courtfhips, we are told, ems
brac’d theic Knees: After their Salutation they fit down, and it is ufual with
them to fit ftillalmoft a quarter of an hour before they {peak, which is not aneffeé&
of ftupidity or fullennefs, but the accuftom’d Gravity of their Countrey ; for they
arein their Tempersa merry, frollick, gay People, and fo given to Jollity, thac
they will Dance whole Nights together, the Women fitting by and Singing, whileft
the Men Dance to their Ayrs, which though not like ours, are not harfh or unplea-
fing, but are fomething like the Tunes.of the Difh: Sothat if we will nor let our
felves too fondly admire onely the Cuftoms we have been bred up in, nor think
Men are to be valu’d for making Legs after our Mode, or the Clothes they wear,
which,the finer and gayer they are, always the more to be fufpected of Luxury and
Effeminatenefs ;if we will allow but thefe Mento follow the Garbs of their own
Countrey, and think them fine enough in a fhape onely to hide their Nakednefs
_ before, ora Deer-skin hanging loofely on their Shoulders, and their Women not
ill Drefs’d in Garments of Mofs, and Necklaces of Beads, whileft the Fafhion of
their Courts require no other Ornaments ; if, I fay, along and pleafant Life,
without Diftemper or Care, be to be valu’d, without the incumbrance of ‘unne-
ceflary Trinkets; if Men areto be efteem’d for Valor, Honefty, Friendfhip, Hu-
manity and good Nature, though Strangers to the ceremonious Troubles we are
accuftom’d: to, the Natives of Carolina will as little, or perhaps lefs, deferve the
Name of Miferable, or Salvage, as thofe that give itthem. *Tistrue, the French and
Spaniards who have Planted amongft them, or with little Armies travell’d their
Countrey, have been ill handled by them; but yet the Indians never didthem any
harm, or treated them otherwife than Friends, till chofe Europeans by their breach of
Faith and feyeral Outrages, had provok’d their juft Revenge ; and they did nothing
but what moft vertuous and generous fort of Men are apt to do, to revenge thofe
Affronts, which did not agree with their Tempers tamely to endure. That
' this did not proceed from treachery and inconftancy in theis Natures, is apparent
in the contrary Correfpondence they have had with the Englifh Setled amongft
them, to whom they have been all along very kind, as they were at firft very, cove-
tous of their Company ; for after that fome of their King’s Relation had been at
7 = | ‘2 =i Barbades

%
 210 AMERICA: | Chap ih
Fafhions, and Strength of the
Barbados, and had feen and admir’d the Temper,
they were fo well
Englifh there, and had been very civilly Treated in that Iland,
e, the feveral litle
fatish’d with them, that at the coming of the Englifh vo Settlether them to
s they could ufe, each of
Kingdoms trove with all the Arcs and Argument
ng the richnefs of their
draw the Englifh to Plancin theit Dominions, by commendi
Countrey, the difparages _
Soil, conveniency of their Rivers, the healthinefs of their
d might allure the Bnglifhto
ment of their Neighbors, and whatever elfe they judg’
fond of Novelties,
their Neighborhood. Not was this onely the firft heat of Men
firtt Planced-at Albemarle
- 4nd as foon weary of them again, but ever fince the Bnglifh
manner of friendly Of-
Point, on Afhley River, they have continu’d to do ther alla
have obferv’d |
fices, ready’ on all occafions to fupply theni with any thing they
rtunity to’ en-
them to want, not making ufe of our Mens Neceflities, as an oppo
e have
hance the Price of their’ Commodities, 4 fort of fair Dealing we could {carc
s of any part
promis'd thent amongft diviliz’d, well bred, and religious Inhabitant
, both fmall and great;
of Europe ;and though they are much frighted with our Guns
uftour Power}
yet like innocent and well-meaning People, they do not at all diftr
and Womeny even their
but freely, without fufpicion, truft themfelves, both Men
ently whole
Kings themfelves, in our Town, Lodging and Dancing there frequ
our mutual
Nights together, upon no other Pledges but the bare confidence of
with chem,
Friendfhip ; nor do our Men ufe any greater caution in Converfing
their Woods
ftragling up and down, and travelling fingly and unarm’d through
treatment
for many Miles about, and are (o far from receiving any injury or ill
tain’d, and guided
from them, that on the contrary they are kindly us’d and Enter
any of our Men meet
by them in their Way whenever they defire ic; and when
are gone by, civilly Salu-
them in their Walks, the Indias all fand ftill rill they
ic felf within
ting them as they pals. Nor doth’this Affurance of theirs bound
their own Homes, they of their own accords ventuting S themfelves
aboard our Shipsips,
,
the Buglifh
have gone voluntarily with our Men to Virginia and Barbados. Nor have
y, being ve-
been wanting on their parts inany thing that may preferve this Amit
things they
ry cautious of doing them any injury, bartering with them:for thofe
of.
receive of them, and buying of them even the wafte Land they make no ufe
, that they havea
Befides the fimplicity of the Indians Diet, it is very remarkable
Palates, and
genetal averfion to thofe two things which are moft acceptable to our
in their Meats
without which few of us either eat or drink with any delight ; for
they
they cannot endure the leaft mixture or rellith of Salt ; and for their Drink,
large
utterly abominate all mannet of ftrong Liquor ; to the latter whereof, their
.
Growth and conftant Health, is perhaps not a little owing
Their mamer Every little Town isa diftinét Principality, Goyern’d by an Hereditar
:
y King,
;
the Succef-
who in fome places is not Son, but Sifters Son to the precedent King,
of Govern.
ment.
fion of the Blood-Royal being continu’d by the fafer fide.. The great Bufinefs of
t
thofe Princes is to lead their Men out againft cheir Enemies in War, or againf
‘to
the Beafts in Hunting , for unlefs it be to appoint them where to Hunt, orvelfe
Confule about making fome Attempt upon their Enemy, hehath but fmall trouble
in the Government of his Subjeéts, who either through their own Honefty, orthe
few occafions they have for Controverfies in their extempore way of Living, need
few Laws, and little Severity to keep them in order 5 but yet they ‘Govern their.
People without Contraé, and fail not ofa ready Obedience to theit Commands .
fo that when fome of them have bought things of fach of the English, who by the
Orders made amongft out (elves were not to Trafick with the Indians, they have,
upon Complaint made to their Cafiques, been reftor’d again, though in firic Rules’
Yt of
w ;
 Chap. If. | AMERIC Z. een 211
of Law they were neither bound by, nor oblig’d to take notice of the Rules which
were made onely to Govern our own People, and had at juft Prices bought what
they carry’d away ;. fuch isthe Honefty of Men, whole Principles not being cor-
rupted with Learning and Diftinétion, are contented to-follow the Didates of
tight Reafon, which Nature has fufficiently taught all Men for the well orderi
ng
_ of their Actions, and enjoyment and prefervation of humane Society, who do not
give themf{elves up to be amus’d and deceiv’d by infignificant Terms, and minding
what is juftand right, feek not Evafions in the Niceties and Fallacies of Words.
The {ame is to be {aid of the firft Dilcovery of this Countrey, as hath been fore cuosins
merly faid of Virginia and Florida, of both which it partakes; but as tothe prefent face 12
Patent ro
Intereft and Propriety, the Englifh, befides all Virginia intirely, have alfo fo much
(rm
of Florida as makes up this confiderable Province of Carolina, which foon after
the oath
happy Reftauration of His prefent Majefty King Charles Il. from whom it receives
Denomination, was granted by Patent to Edward Earl of Clarendon, L. Chancellor
of England, George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony
Lord Afhley, Sir George Carteret, Vice~Chamberlain of His Majefty’s Houfhold, Sir
William Berkley, Knight and Baronet, and Sir John Colleton, Knight and Baronet.
_ The Lords-Proprietors of this Countrey, for the better Settlement of it accord.
ing to their Patent granted unto them by His Majefty, and for the enlargement of
the King’s Dominions in thofe parts of America, have been at great Chargeto fecure
this fo rich and advantageous Countrey to the Crown of England, to whom of ans
cient Right, by the Difcovery of Sir Sebaftian Caboteinthe time of Henry the Seventh,
it doth belong,and for its Situation, Fertility, Neighborhood to our other Plantati-
ons and feveral other Conveniences, of too valuable confideration to be negligently
loft: By the Care therefore and Endeavors of thofe Great Men, it hath now two Their car
ee
confiderable Colonies Planted in it, the one of Albemarle, on the North fide, borders and Impro-
for Setling

ing on Virginia, where are fome hundreds of Englifh Families remov’d thither Pmuio
from New England, and fome of our other Plantations in the Weft-Indies ; and ano-
ther towards the middle of the Countrey, at Charles-Town, or Afhley-River, a Settle-
ment fo hopeful, for the healthinefs of the Land, and convenience of accefs by a
large deep Navigable River, and fo promifing in its very Infancy, that many of
the rich Inhabitants of Barbados and Bermudas, who ate now crowded up in thole
flourifhing Iflands, and many in our other American Plantations, are turning their
Eyes and Thoughts this way, and have already remov’'d part of their Stock and
Servants thither. Nor is it to be doubted, but that many, following the Example
of thofe who went to Albemarle, will be drawn to this better Plantation at Afhleys
River, from New-England, where the heat of their Zeal, and the coldnefs of the Air,
doth not agree with every Man’s Conftitution , and therefore it isto be thought,
that many well temper’d Men, who are not muchat eafe under fuch Extreams, will
be forward to remove hither.
The Lords-Proprietors, for the comfortable fubfiftence, and future enrichment Fair Terms
of all thofe who fhall this Year 1671. Tranfport themfelves and Servants thither, whomocrer
allow every Man a hundred Acres per Head, for himfelf, his Wife, Children and thither.
Servants, he carries thither, to him and his Heirs for ever, paying onely one Peny
an Acre,as a ChiefsRent ; which Peny an Acre is not to be paid thefe nineteen years;
and thofe Servants who go along thither with their Mafters, thall each alfo have
a hundred Acres upon the fame Terms, when he is out of his Time. But though
thefe Conditions are very advantageous, and the Countrey promiles to the Planter
Health, Plenty and Riches at a cheap Rate, yet there is one thing that makes this
Plantation morewvaluable than all thefe, and that is the fecure pofleffion of all thefe
ye 4 ~ Se aved | ¥ : Lone Ve. things,
 AMERICA. Chap. Li.
things wich as great certainty as the ftate of humane Affairs,and the tranfient things of this Life are
capable of,in a well continu'd Form of Government, wHerein it is made every Man’s Intereft to pre-
3 and thofe who have the greateft Power, have it limi-
ferve the Rights of his Neighbor with his own whileft they preferve ‘and pro-
ted to the Service of the Countrey, the Good and Welfare whereof no other aim, than tobe the
mote, they cannot mifs of their own, the Lords-Proprietors having his own fault, it being alate
greateft Men in a Countrey where every one may be happy if it be not Compani on of a miferable, un-
as uncomfortable, and much more unfafe, to be Lord over, than : 2h yep
happy, and difcontented Society of Men. g onthis Plantat ion,
With this Defign the Lords-Proprictors, who are at great Charge for carryin
Parts and Experie nce in Affairs
have put the framing ofa Government into the Hands of one, whofe what is convenient for the
of State are univerfally agreed on, and who is by all Men allow’d to know ions, as ma be equal,
right ordering Men in Society, and fetling aGover nment upon fuch Foundat
enough to with well to Mankin d,and to de ire,that all -
fate,and lafting 5 and to this hath a Soul large
the confent of his Bre-
the People where he hath to do might be happy. My Lord Ajbly therefore,by ion, fome funda-
thren, the reft of the Lords Proprietors, hath drawn up, totheir general fatisfact the Model and
mentalCouftitutions, which arefince, by their joynt approbation, ‘confirm’d to be
thereof (accords
Form of Government inthe Province of Carolina ; the main Defign and Ballance
oe
ing to the beft of my memory, having had a Copy thereof) infhortisasfolloweth:
The Model 2¢ 2 Very County isto confift of forty fquare Plots, each containing twelve thoufand Acres, Of
drawn Sp by 7 is thefe fquare Plots each of the Proprietors is to havéone, which is to be call'd a Siguiory.
tayfor th ”- Hone more of thefe (quare Plots ate to be divided amongft the three Noble-m en of that County, v2.
who are to have each of them two
Government a Landgrave, who is to have four of thems and two Cafigues, The other twenty
ef Careline. a niece; and thefe fquare Plots belonging to the Nobility, are to be call'd Barowies.
on of the People: And this Method is to be eb-
four fquare Plots, call’d Colonies, are to be the Poflefli Landis tobe
Countre y; fo that one Fifth of the
ferv’d in the Planting and Setting out of the whole
+n the Proprietors, one Fifth in the Nobility , and three Fifths in the People,
rietors and Nobi-
2. The Siguories and Baronics, thatis,the hereditary Lands belonging to the Pro
to their Heirs, with the Dignity, without power o alienation, more
lity, are all entirely to defcend and the
than for three Lives, or one and twenty years, or two Thirds of their Signiorie s and Baronies,
{pd :
reft to be Des#e/ne. Acresina
3. There will be@lfo fome Mannors in the Colonies, but none lefs than threeth oufand
Piece, which, like the relt of the Colony Lands, will be alienable, onely withthis difference, that it
cannot be parcell’d out, but if fold, it muft be altogether. =
4. There isto bea Biennial Parliament, confifting of the eight Propriet ors, the Landgrav es and -
Cafiques, and one out of every Precinét, that is the fix neighboring Colonies, for the People,
chofen by the Freeholders; thefe are to fit and Vote alcogether for the making of Laws, which thall
be in force no longer than fixty years after their Enacting, the great mifchief of moft Governments,
by which not onely the People are mightily entangled by multiplicity of Rules and Penalties, and
thereby laid opento the Malice and Defigns of troublefom Men and cunning Projectors 5 but, which
is far worfe, the whole frame of the. Government in traé of time comes to be removd frommits origie
_nal Foundation, and thereby becomes more weak and tottering. /
g. There are eight fupream Courts for the difpatch of all publick Affairss the firft confilts of the
Palatine, who is the eldeft of the Proprietors, and hath power to call Parliaments, and difpofe of
publick Offices. The other feven fupream Courtsare, 1. The chief_Juftices for the determining of
Controve fics ofAfewmt and Tuum, and judging of Criminals. 2. The Chancellors, for paffing of Char-
ters, and managing the State Matters of the Province. 3. The High-Conttables, for Military Affairs.
4. The Admirals, tor Maritime Affairs. 5- The High-Stewards, for Trade. 6. The Treafurers, for the
forCeremonies, Fafhions,Marriages, Burials, @c., Thefe
publick Stock 5 and 7. The Chamberlains,
are the feven fupream Courts, to whom liesthe ultimate Appeal in all Caufes belonging to them. —
Fach of thefe Courts confifts of one Proprietor, and fix other Councellors, whereof two are chofen
by the Nobility, atid two by the People. All the number of thefe eight Courts joyn’d together make
the Grand Council, which are in the nature of a Council of Staté, and are entrufted withthe ma-
=~- nagement of Affairs of greateftconcernment. Thereis alfo in every County a Couit, and in every
and fromthe
Precin& another 3 fromthe Precinct Court there lies an Appeal tothe County Court,
County Coert tothe Proprietors Court, to which the Matter in queftion belongs, and thefeis the
3a-=
ie laft decifion and determination thereof, without any farther Appeal. Andto keep the People from
the Charges and vexation of long Suits, to the enriching of Mencunning in Words, care 1s taken,
that no Caufe thall be Try’d more than once in any one Court, and that profefs'd Pleaders for
_.
-
-_
~~
2== ~
“ad
= =«+-«- =
al
when
a2=)-=ar
=

Money fhall not be allow’d. cs |

Liberty of Confeience is here alfo allow’d in the greateft latitude, but yet fo, that neither Atheifts,
rae
=-_
qlee
=1—
>
>r;
>=
>.
tn
~

or Men of noReligion, are permitted; Atheifim, Irreligion, and vicious’ Lives being condemn‘d,
=
—

as difagreeable to humane Nature, inconfiftent with Government andSocieties, and deftrudive to all
>.
>=
seis
thatis ufeful to, or becoming of Mankind; as on the other hand, rigorous Impofing of, and hot
-

Contentions about the Ceremonies and Circumftances of Religion, isan occafion of perpetual Strife,
Faétion and Divifion, keeps Men from fedate and temperate Enquiries after Truth, eats out the great
wan
—
Cement of humane Converfation, Charity, and cannot be found in any one, who hath but modefty
=
in enough to think himfelflefsthan a rope, and thort of Infallability.
There is alfoto be a Regifter of all Grants and Conveyances of Land, to prevent eventhe occali-
Ww

ons ofControverfies and Law-Suits. yas a.

and de-
a
“

Therevare feveral other lefs confiderable Particulars in this Government , all contriv’d
-” —

te
ee,
osa
SS

fign'd for the good and welfare of the People5all which are fo well put together, and in fuch equal
proportion ballance each other, that fome judicious Men who have feen it,fay, it isthe beft and fairest
Frame, forthe well-being of thofe who fhall live under it, of any they have {een or read of.
a
_CH A P.
 Chap. IIL. AMERICA. 23
| ERRTRLBLREP ELL LE SS COOL EE Se ote eee eet oe eo o.oo 4
CHAP. Ill.
Florida.
pee of Virginia lieth the {pacious Countrey of Florida, remarkable his Situation and
Bounds.
therto rather by the great pains which the Spaniards have taken, and the ill
Succeffes they have met with in the difcovery and {earch of this Province,
than by any thing elfe they have difcover’d in it anfwerableto their defires. Onthe
Eaft it hath the Atlantick Ocean, or Mare del Nordt ; on the South, and South-Weft,
the Gulph of Mexico and Mare Vifginium ; and full Weft, pare of New Gallicia, and
fome other Countreys, not yet perfectly known. i ae
This Countrey isalfo one of thofe, faid to have been firft of all difeover’d by
Sit Sebaftian Cabot, at the Charges of the King of England, abour the Year 1 497. but
afterwards more throughly fearch’d into by John Ponce de Leon, a Spaniard, who in Ponce’s Expe=
the Year 1512.fet Sail with three Ships out of the Haven St. German in Porto Rico, dition,

North-Weft to the Ifles Del Veto, Caycos, Yaguna, Amaguyao, Manegua, and Guanabani,
firft difcover’d by (hriftopher Colonus,and call’d St. Salvador : After that Steer’d North-
Welt by a Coaft, which (becaufe of its pleafant profpeét). was call’d Florida, or (ace
cording to the more: common Opinion) becaufe it was on Palm-Sunday, which the
Spaniards call Pafcha de Flores, or Pafcha Florida) that he Landed here: And to
find out, a Haven he kept fight of the Shore, which appear’d South-Weft from
him. Here the Ships met with fo ftrong a Tide, that notwithftanding they hada
frefh Gale of Wind, yet could they not ftem it ; one-of the Ships was driven to Sea
out of fight ; the other two cafting Anchor, which taking, drove toward the Shore ;
whither, being beckned by the Indians, they immediately went ;when no fooner
he Landed, but they ran in great Companies to make themfelves Mafters of the
Veffels, kill’d one Spaniard,and wounded two more: the Night approaching put an
end to the Fight. From hence Sailing to the River La Cruix far Wood and Water,
_ they were refifted by fixty Natives, which they put to flight with their Guns, and
took one Prifoner ; after which they erected a Stone Crofs. The Promontory, by
which glides the trong Current, lies in twenty Degrees North-Latitude, and call’d
Cabo de (Corrientes, as the Row of Ifles, before the Main Land Los Martyres, becaufe
the Cliffs at a diftance appear like Men ftanding on Poles. Laftly, after fome {mall
Encounters with the Floridans, Ponce return’d home, being onely inform’d falfly by
Water to ”
the Indians, that in Florida was a River, and-on the Ifle Bimini a Fountain, whofe make old
Peuple look
Waters made old People young. 7 young.

But after this Florida remained not unvificed ; for eight years after the foremen- Vafquez’s Ex
pedition to
tion’d Voyage, Lucas Vafquex de Aylom weighed Anchor with two Ships from Fil paz Florida,

ntola, to fetch Slaves from the adjacent Ifles for the Gold-Mines, which Labor the
Natives were not able to perform : therefore feering his Courfe Northwardly, he
Sail’d along the Coaft of Chicoa and Gualdape, by them call’d Cabo de St. Helena, and
Rio Fordan, where the Natives look’d upon the Ships as SeasMonfters, and feeing
Bearded Men in them, fled : the Spaniards purfuing them, overtook one Man anda
Woman; who being well Entertain’d, and Clad in Spanifh Habits, made the Strane
gers fo acceptable to their Countrey-men, that their King fent fifty Men Aboard of
them with Provifions, and to invite the Sea-mento his Dominions. The King fat
re 3 Z, with
 t
of 2 with a great Clot h abou t him, made faft on his Shoulders, covering his Belly; 2
Habi a
mn Breaft and Back with the Lappet-thereof, and being long, was held up by one
of Pearl that came three
his Servants; over one of his Shoulders hung a String
he wore a Cap full of
times about, and reach’d down to his Thighs; on his Head
a double Chain of Pearl; -
Pe

Ribbonds; his Arms and Legs were alfo furrounded with

i 2RRP
in his right Hand he held a very rich Staff: But the Quee
n went almoft naked,
onely a piece of a wild Beafts Skin hung down before her from
her left Shoulder
down between
to her mid-Leg, and a double String of Pearl about her Neck hung
to the Calves of her Legs;
her Breafts, and her Hair Comb’d behind reach’d down F
|
about her Wrifts and Ancles hung alfo Strings of Pearl.
infpeétion into
On the King’s Command, the Spaniards were permitted to make
Entertain’d, and not
the Countrey, in which they were every where courteoufly
uex invited the Indians
jie” Without Gold and Silver Prefents. Returning Aboard, Va/q
Favours which
to go with him, under pretence of returning them thanks for the
a confiderable number
they had beftowed, upon him ; but no fooner had he gotten
with the other fafe at
in his Ships, but he fet Sail, and lofing one Ship, arriv’d
griefand hunger died at Sea,
tndiam wil F7fpaniola with a few Indians, for moft of them with ‘
oe and thofe that remain’d alive, liv’d on dead Carrion.
Court of Spain
Some few years after, Va/quex, receiving Letters Patent from the
7

. which brought a
for the Government of Florida, fitted out a Ship thither in 1620
went not long af-
good Return of Gold, Silver, and Pearls; whereupon he himfelf
h prov’d not the
ter, and coming into the River Jordan, loft one of his Ships, whic r flain
they were all of chem eithe
afaner de. worlt Accident ; for Landing two hundred Men,
fore’d to found a Retreat &
Huridam. Oe sounded by the Inhabitants ;fo that Va/quex was
Coaft, and the rather,
And after that the Spaniards were lefs willingly drawn to that
what they procur’d
becaule the Inhabitants feem’d poor, and had little Gold but
the Countrey.
from the Otapales and Olugatono’s, fixty Leagues Northward up in
unfuccefsful Expeditions, Pamphilus Narvaex rerain’d fo
7a 3-
:: =er
oT
~1g

tand ing thefe Bry

.———~
=e
9!
“ >. ’

Nerve bis Notw ithf

Charles the Fifth;
much Courage, that obtaining Letters Patents from the Emperor
Expediti on,

he-
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 , 5 - -

AMERICY.
¥ .. - “a > 4
*, Fi. ag a :

Chap.. If.
tle -

he fitced out four Sail and a Brigantine, -weigh’d Anchor from. Ciba with fix hun»
‘ans
dred Men and eighty Horfe, in the Year 1528. On Florida he Landed’ three hun-
dred Foot and forty two Horfey:they found man y empty Huts,but in a great Houfen 3:3"
-
a golden Behid. ll amon
’gft the Nets, Chefts fullofMerchandife; and in each a dead '
Body coyer'd with Beaft'Skins,and painted; Pieces of Linnen Cloth sand Wedges of
Gold, whichthey had fromthe remote Countrey Apalache. Narvaex, though againft
the Opinion of Nunnez Cabeca, smarch’d up into the Countrey; whilft the Fleet
was
to. ftand along the Shore; and travelling fifteen. days. faw neither Houfe: nor Man,"
oncly, here and there fome Palmito-Txees ; Crofling a River on Floats; they were
Encountred.by two hundred of the Natives ; of which the Spaniards, having routed
them, took fix Prifoners,’ who furnifh’d them plentifully with Indian Wheats' Af
ter this they march’d fifdaystee farther
n ; without difcerning the leaft footsftep.of a
Man.;, butat laft they met an‘ hidian Lord with a confiderable Train, before
whom
march’d feveral Pipers : being, told by Narvaez that-his Journey was for Apalach
e,
he conducted the Spaniards with a Canoo over a River, and Landing again, walk’d
with the 'tom
his Village, where he Entertain’d them with great civility, arvaer,
after, along and croublefom. Journey, camgat latin fight of Apalache Village
which contained two hundred. and forty Straw Houfes, built between ‘the Moun
tains, a,Moorifh
on: , Soyl,; fullof Nut, Pine, and Savine-T rees, Oaks, Laurel, and
fhort Palmito’s,; befides the-Trees, which blown down in feyeral places by a {trong
Wind from betwee ithe Hills,
n and lying crofs, cumber'the High-ways-: There are
many, deep Pools, and alfo Bears, Lyons, and other ravenous Creatures, which
makeijthe Ways very dangerous. Narvaez falling fuddenly on the Village, took the
Cafique Prifoner, as alfo ftore of Wheat, Mortars to pound it, Hides, and Thred-
{pun, Gloaks. .Here he refted twenty five days, during which time fome of
his
Men. Journey’d farther into the Countrey, yet found none but poor People,
troublefom Ways; and.an unfruitful Soyl: twice they were fet upon by: the Na-
tivess, who kill’d fome of the Horfes and Men: They: being a very {trong People
run ftark naked, and as fwiftas a Deer, Diving under Water fromthe Spaniards
Bullets; which not a little amazing Narvaex, he thought it convenient to fet upon
the. Village Aue, lying on the Shore: Nine days he was ina miferable conditi
on He is ix
before he got any.Wheat, Peale, or other Provifions from this Village ; the getting great entre:
mix.
whereof coft him very dear,. for the Villagers behav’d themfelves fo valiantly,
that they kill’d many. Spaniards, and fome of their Horfes, which fince they left the
Haven,of St. Cruce had travell’d two hundred and eighty Leagues; fo that being
tir'd and out ofheart, they could not carry the Sick and Wounded, who not able
to, go, fell down dead in the Way : whereupon it was judg’d convenient to make
five) Barques; in which they made their Shirts ferve for Sails, the Horfes Tails and
Mayns, for Ropes, their Skinsto hold frefh Water ; with which putting out to Sea,
they faw no:Land in {even days; and running through the Straights of St. Miguel;
Steer’d along the Coaft of Rio del Palmes ,where they fuffer’d great Drought, info-
much, that fome drinking fale Water, died thereof: at lat Landing, they were
in
the Night fer upon by'a Cafique; who having given Narvaez a great Wound in the
Fafled,
ce leavin
, g behind hima Sable Cloak, fcented with Amber ; three days they
tang:d again along the Sea-fhore, when-the Barque of Nunnex, Cabeca being behind...
was-by Storm driven on the Shore, where ahundred Indians waited to cut them off, 2 is
7” Stranded, |
but were pacifi'd with fome Trifles :_Thus being bereav’d of Arins, Proyifion;.
and all maninerof Neceffaries, they found themfelves on an Ifle; by the Inhabitants
call'd Malhado,, where they were lodg’d and maintain’d fo long as they had. His #eange
any thing left; but Famine) grew at laft to luch a heighth, that they devour’d Entertain- !
mmsae
= One
 AMERICA. Chap. IID.
one another, and in a fhorttime of eighty Men there remain’d onely four alive, viz,
to New
Nunnex Cabeca, Caftillo, Orantes, and Effevanico, who at laft by Land reach’d
s
Galicia, and foon after to Mexico, having efcap’d a thoufand Dangers. Of Pamphilu
Narvaez never any tydings being heard, it is fuppos’d he wasdrown’d.
_
-)

years,
Sottus’s Ex-
After this miferable Adventure, the Bufinefs of Florida lay dead for eleven
or
till Ferdinandus Sottus, chofen Governor of Cuba, obtain’d fo much of the Emper
pedition very
remarkable.
Befides Sea-
Charles the Fifth, that he ventur’d one Expedition more for Florida:
men he carried five hundred Foot, and three hundred and fity Horfe ; with which
whom
Landing in the Bay Del B/pirito Santo,he march’d againft the Cafique Vitacucho,
the
he took Prifoner, with a thoufand of the Natives, whom he either put to
Sword, or caus’d them to be torn in pieces by Dogs ; and ftaying all the Wincer in
Apalache fortifi'd that place, and furnifh’d himfelf with Provifions ; he was inform’d,
that thirteen days Journey from thence lay the Kingdom of Cofachiqui, abounding
with Gold, Silver, and Pearls, which made every one of the Spaniards very defi-
the vali-
rous to.go thither, ‘notwithftanding the Way was very dangerous ; for
of
ant Floridans lying in Ambufcade in the Corn-Fields, wounded and kill’d many
them by Shooting from thence. Sottus, fo foon as March approached, fet forward on
his Way. Inthe poor Province of Achalaqui he founda few young People, and the |
Strange deal-
ing of the Co- old moft of them blind. From Cofachiqui he was follow’d by fourthoufand Natives,
fachiquians.
who carried the Spaniards Luggage, and ferv’d them as Guides through Woods
and Wilderneffes.. The feventh day they ftopp’d at a great River, whither Sottus
fent four Companies to feek out a Paflage over, whereof three return’d without
any effe&, but the fourth, Commanded by Captain Annafio, and a Colonel of a
thoufand Cofachiquians,cametoa Village built along the River;in which they made a
a miferable Rout, killing all they lighted on, and hanging the Sculls of the Dead by
theirs fides : this done, they march’d back. Sottws at laft efpying a Village on the
other fide of the River, beckned tothe Natives to come over to him; whereupon
ance
fix came immediately ,who underftanding that he defir’d theit friendly Affift
who
A Maid Go-
and Trade, promis’d to acquaint theit Governefs, being a young Maiden:
he come
foon after came over to Sottus, and prefenced him with a Stringof Pearl:
verns the
Countrey.

plain’d to her for Provifions, which the promis’d in part to ftore him with. Crof-
Peafe,
fing the River he found a brave Countrey, where were Pearls as big as gray
Great Trea-
Copper of a golden colour, but no Gold. Out of the Tombs of their Princes: the
an
Spanifh Officers, with the leave of the fore-mention’d Maidtheir Governefs, got
fure of
Pearls.

incredible Treafure in Pearls. In the Village Tolomeco they did the like. But here
their Provifions growing fcarce, the Army was divided into two Bodies, Balthafar
n
de Gallegos leading one, and Sottws theother ; yet the Defign of them both waso
nt
the Province of Chalaque ; whither marching, they were furpris’d byfuch a viole
Storm, that few would have been left to relate their Adventures, had not the Trees
bore it off from them ; for it not onely Thundred and Lightned as if Heaven ‘and
Great Tem-
pelt.
beat
Earth would have met, but alfo Hail-ftones fell down as big as-Eggs, which
down the Boughs of Trees. Inthe pleafant Valley Xualu, belonging to the King-
of
dom of Cofachiqui, they refted fifteen days; and then tmarch’d through Countreys
esof
Sottus’s far
Guaxale, Acoftes, and (oxa, where above a thoufand Indians, adorn’d with Plum
ther Journey
defire them
very remark-
able, Feathers andrich Furr Cloaks, came to meet and weléom them,and to
from the (afique to ftay there all the Winter ;but Sottus refolving to go to the Haven
d
Achuji,refus'd the fame. After this he view'd Taliffe, fortifi'd with woodden-an
earthen Bulwarks ; where the Cafique Tafealufa, a Man asbig again as an ordinary
Mavilla, lying in
The City Spaniard, receiv’d Sottws with great civility, and conducted him to
fill’d up ps
a pleafant place. The City, furrounded with double Pallifado’s,
Mavilia,

| Fart
 Chap. Ih AMER ICH 2i7
Earth between, (where alfo at eighty Paces diftant from one another, ftands a
Tower to contain eighty Soldiers) hath two Gates, eighty Houfes, in every one of
which dwell a thoufand Men, anda large Market-place in the middle, where
whilft the Spaniards were in the midft of their Mirth; they on a fudden heard a
great cry of Arms ; the firft Aflaule was made by feven thoufand, ‘which ftill in-
creafed by frefh Supplies ;but the Spaniards at laft fetting the City on fire, broke
Cruel Fight,
through them, and left above elevenghoufand flain, either by the Smoak and
Flame, or by their Bullets, Swords, Horfes Heels and Dogs; the Spaniards alfo loft
eighty three Men and forty three Horfes. Thence going to Chicora they were ftopt
by the Natives before a deep River with high Banks, which at laft croffing, not
without great trouBle and blood-fhedding, they Winter’d in the Village Chicora,
where the Inhabitants let them reft very quietly for two Moneths ; at the end of
which, joyning together inthe Night, ‘they fhot Fire into the Straw Roofs, and
maintain’d a Fight of two hours long, in which the Spaniards loft forty Men, fifty
Horfes, and all their Hogs, which were burngiin the Houfes. From thence going to
Chicacolla they were refifted in moft places, andin the Fort Alibamo Engag’d by four
thouland Floridans, who waited for their coming ;but thofe were fo fhrewdly hand~
led, that half of chem “were flain, and Sottws became Mafter of the Fort, as
allo of
Chifca, which he Storm’d and took. unawares. With nolefs trouble and danger did
he get over the River El Grande, where he difcover’d a Village that contain’d
above
four hundred Houfes,and many delightful Fruit-Trees. The Cafique Ca/quin, main-
tain’d the Spanifh Army fix days in this place, and taking five thoufand of his Sub-
jects, march’d with them to (apaba, which hath a deep and broad Moat on three
fidesthereof: the fourth was fottifi’d with ftrong Bullifado’s, through which
the
Spaniards breaking, made way for Cafquiny who put alltothe Sword, the Governor
onely efcaping in a Canoo to a neighboring Ifle. The Entrance being thus taken by
the Spaniards, Cafquin return’d home. After which Sottus concluded a Peace with
Capahaes the Governor, and took up his Quarters in the Village Vitangue, where he
receiv'd continual Sallies ; but taking fifteen Cafiques Prifoners, threatned to
burn
them alive, unlefs they would procure them fome Gold ; yet not being able
to get
any,they had only theit Hands cut off and were (ent away. Moreover, Sottus
help’d
the Guachacoya’s,to ruine thofe of Anilcow; which Defign prov’d fuccefsful,
yet not ace
cording to Sottus’s defire, for he found not the Gold-Mines which he expeéted,
but
{pent in this five years Progrefs the great Treafure which he took out of Atibaliba’
s
Palace ; and the Pearls which he got in Florida, for the Oyfters being open’d
againft
the Fire, and the Pearls drill’d through with a hot Iron, loft much
of their luftre,
neither would his People confent to build a City in the Haven Achufi. Inthe
midft Settus died}
of thefe Tranfadtions Sottus died of the Bloody-flux, and his Body was Interr’d
in
the River Al Grande. After which his Succeflor Ludovicus de Alvarado had worfe fuc:
cefs, for half of the Army being wafted by the exceffive
heat, the reft refoly’d
to defert Florida, utterly de{pairing to be ever able to refift the valiant
Natives. In
the Province of Auche they procut’d a Guide,whom, becaufe he
mis-led them in their
Way, they caus’d to be'torn in pieces by their Dogs : after. which they march’d
without a Guide through fuch bad-Ways, that they loft a hundred of their Men
and _
eighty Horfes, befides many Floridans that carried their Luggage: At laft coming
to the River El Grande they conquet’d two Villages, which fortify
ing, they took
up their Winter Quartersin them. But this being the fourteenth year, in which
the River us’d generally to overflow and drown all the adjacent
Countreys, ona
fudden, to their great amazement, the Wood which they had
gather’d for the build.
ing of Barques to carry them home, was wath’d away, their Provifions’ fpoil’d,
Z 3 and
 AMERICA. Chap. III.
and their Habitationsdrown’d: and tothis Inconvenience was added another yet
greater; for the Govegnors round about. rais’d (all the Forces they could poffibly,
ro revenge themfelves on the Spaniardfor s their great oppreffion. But Alvarado
being inform’d of this Defign by the Cafique Anilco, caus’d thirty of the Abet-
tors of the Plot.to have their Hands cut off. Not long after this the Spaniards fer
Sail, when a thoufand Canoos that came to Engage them lay fixteen days amongeft
Strange
Fight.
them, killing and wounding feveral of thefeamen,: and funk a Barque with forty
eight Men, and alfo kill’d many Horfes which were yeton the Shore ;the Prifoners
they took were ftrappado’d'to death, and the Horfes fhov: yet fome of them got
fafe from Panuco to Mexico. | Vac!
Expedition of
Abumada and
Thefeabove-mention’d Expeditions to Florida, notwithftanding they fell out
Samane,
unfortunately, neverthelefs by the permiflion of Philip the Second, King of Spain,
Peter Abumada and Fulius Samano, with five Dominican Monks, made another Attempt,
and Landed with feveral great Crofles, that thereby they might reduce the , Flori-
dans, whofe Language they underftogil{not, to their Faith: But they fearing treas
chery, refifted them, and kill’d the Monks with Clubs, flay’d them, and hung their
Skins in-their Temples. lintG > @nae: 2 wulvela | |
The Expedi- Notwithfanding thefe and many worfé Accidents that hapned, yet the Spani/h
King ventur’d once more, and fent Peter Menendex tov Florida; whither he was fol-
tion of Ake-
sendez,

low’d by three fefnits from Rome, viz. Peter Martinins, foan Roger, and Francis Villare-
gius: The Mafter of the Ship in which they went being ignorant where he was,
judg’d it convenient to Land; whereupon nine Netherlanders and four Spaniards,
amongft which was Martinivs; went afhore on Florida, whilft a Storm arifing drove
the Ship to Cuba; by which means thofe that were Landed wete left in a miferable
condition, having no Food but wild) Herbs, on which they fed twelve days: fothat
this Expedition alfo came to nothing. | oie
Voyage of: At laft the Frenth following the footsteps of the Spaniards, John Ribald and Rene
Laudoniere having Sail’d feveral times to Florida, difcover'd feveral Coafts; but their
Ribald and
~Landoniere,

Men were often fet upon by the Spaniards,and cut off. $i ROS bs 7.9
The Expedi- - Anno 1567. Dominicus Gurgius fer Sail thither with three Ships, which cartied two
hundred Soldiers and eighty Sea-men ; with whichentring the River Tacatacours he
tion of Domi-
nicus Gur-

Landed, and found a Youth call’d Peter du Bre, who efcap’d when the Spaniards cru-
gus.

elly maflacred the French in the Garrifon (arolina; after which du Gre ranging up
and down, at laft ferv’d Saturiona, Governor of Florida; whomdeferting, and now
meeting with the French his Countrey-men, he brought feveral ‘Cafiques to joyn with
Valiant Ex-
ploit of Gur-
them againft the Spaniards, whom they drove out of three Forts, which were all by
gus, the Command of Gurgius difmanteled.
~—
- Floridais call’d by the Natives, Irquafa. The Spaniards have built two Forts on
the fame, the one erected on the Promontory Helena, is Confecrated to the Apoftle
_ City Augt- Matthew. The City and the Fort Angu/tine liesnear the Rivet May. - Both City and
Fort ftand on a Hill, which is pleafant and well fet with Trees. Between the Fore- .
frine,

land isa deep and wide Channel,which wathes the City and Fort ; it is eight-fquare,
at each cornet there ftands a round Tower, in whichithe Soldiers keep Guard; the
>—
. --
~~

oe=-—
.

Countrey is water’d by two Rivers, which gliding between the Main andthe Fore-
land, are great Safeguardsto the Fort. The City isalmoft {quare, onely againft the
- —_a.
*=+

=-a =.=3a:

Fort ic is much clofer built than in any other place; and divided into four Streets.
“i
7:=- ~
as

—
-—>
ae
a
ager
a, rer

The Church ftands without of the City, and before it the Augujtine Cloyfter.
Py
=
>>
=man
‘ msSox
ox: =
==~
;
——
—a«>

- The Inhabitants of Florida are ai Olive colour, tall, and without ‘any defor~
=_
-
cael
ree
- -
re!
eos
--=-
—
—-—<.
~_> —
5
w—> 7
=F
==
- Conftitutian

mity ;their Skins generally painted, and theit Bodies naked, onely a Deer’s Skin
-ae
-~

7
of the Flort-
= a
se
dant.

about their middle, their Hair long and-black, hanging down to their Hams, Z,
oe
—_—
—Sle

| mo
——
—oo
aaa

--
ay
=

=
a
=
—
 eat
ast
il bs ‘f
, ‘2 i antl
1 -
hs
y
cea

PTL
eh

a
“—
Puy
 Chap. III. AMERICA. 219

moft, of ‘them tie ic ina Knot on the top of their Heads ; two {mall Boards co-
ver their Breafts, and_fix leffer hang on their Arms, two Bells at each Ear, and a
Capon their Head, with aFeather; Their Quivers, which are always full of Ar-
_ rows, fharpned with Fifh Bones, hang by their Sides ; In their left-Hand they hold
a.grear Bowe, with which they goto War, the King walking before with a Club.
They Confult daily about warlike Affairs inthe King’s Palace, where he himf{elf Their ftrange
fits on ahigh Seat, the Grandees falute him firftwith their Hands lifted over their (Confulta-
tion,
Head, crying Ha, He, Ya, at which the reft cry Ha, Ha; then every one fits down
on a Stool roiind about the Room. .If they'have any Bufinefs of Confequence to
debate, then the King fends for the ancienteft Perfons and Priefts, call’d Jawas s
this done, they give-a Cup of(a/Sine (which isa hot Drink made of Herbs) to the
King ; after which every one drinks in order out of the fame Cup. This Liquor
occafions Sweat, quenches Thirft,
and fatisfies the Appetite for twenty four hours.
When they March againft their Enemies they live on Indian Wheat , Honey; Their Food
fmoak’d Fith, and divers forts of wild Roots, amongf which they mix: Sand and in time of
War,
Cinders, to preferve them the longer. No fooner are the two Armiés come within
fight one of another, but the Kings of both Parties roll their Eyes about in theit
Heads, mutter fomething to themfelves, and make ftrange Geftures and Exclamatis
ons ; which is anfwer'dbya general.Gry of the whole Army: then each King turns
ing himfelf with great Reverence-to the. Sun, takes a woodden Platter with Water,
whichhe throws over his Army fo farras heisable, and begs of the Sunto grant
him, that.he may {pill his Enemies! Blood in like: manner. then throws another
Difh-full into the Fire, wifhing that his Soldiers may thus Offer the Bodies oftheit
Foes to.thie'Flames: | then ftep forth the Priefts} who are always skill’d in the. Art Their Priefs
: of Necromancy, and feating themfelves;ona Shield in the midf of the Army, are Sorcerers,

draw a Citele, in which they makeimanyrttange Geftutes, not without muttering

to themfélves, and feemingly fay aPrayerof/a quarter of an hourlong ; during
which they deport themfelves fo ftrangely, that theyirather feem to be Devilsthem: Strange aéti-
0.8,
felves, than. Charmets! of the Devil: They turn their Eyes quite round, and their
Bodies
 AMERICA. Chap. Th
Bodies as if without Joynts ; at length being wearied they leap out of the Circle,
and inform the King of the number and condition of the Enemies Army. Thole
©. whom they take Prifonets they flay alive,and drying their Skins at the Fire,tie them
<veigy
to long Poles, and carry them homeas Trophies of their Victory, and afterwards
to
fet them up in fome Field or fpacious place, putting both Men and Women
watch them ; then comes the Prieft with a woodden Image, and utters Execrations
againft the flain Enemies ; ata corner of the Fields kneel three Men, one of which
ftriking with great force on a Stone, gives asmany Blows as the Prieft pronounces
Curfes, whilft the other two fhake their Calabajhes fill’d with Stones,and Sing many
ftrange Songs: No fooner is this ended, butthe Women whofe Husbands are flain
‘in the Battel, walking to the King, cover their Faces: with their Hands, make many
ftrange Geftures,and defire liberty to take what revenge they can,and licence allo to
, return thus coms
they
Marry at the limited time , all which the King permitting
Jeanie forted home ctying. Not long after they go to the place where their Husbands lie
fertieDead. buried, where they crop their Hair up to their Ears, and throw it on the Grave, as
alfo the Arms and Drinking-Cups which the Deceafed us‘din their life-time ;after
which they may not Marry before their Hair be grown again to their Shoulders.
The fame Cuftomis alfo obferv’d when their King is buried , but then alfo all his
Subjeéts Faft and Howl three days together, fick his Grave full of Arrows, and
burn his Houfe and all his Goods.
firident "The Floridans differ amongft themfelves very much, for thofe that inhabit the
uemicve. Dyovince Panuca, which borders upon New Spain, are valiant and cruel People,
Offering their Prifonersto their Idols,and eating them. The Men pluck up the Hair
of their Beards by the Root, make holes through their Nofe and Ears, and Marry
not till cheir fortieth Year. mee
Next to thefe follow the Realms of Aranaris and Albardaofia,inhabited by a Peo-
ple, which exceed all others in fubtilty. ; il .
The Natives of Jaquazia run fafter than a Deer, and tire not though they travel
a whole day. Fi Sy : pack ve! | |
The beft Swimmers are found im Alpachia,’ Authia, and Someria, where the Wo~
men Swim through deep and great Rivers with their Childrenin their Arms. Here
Hermophro- alfo are many Hermophrodites, which carry all the Luggage when an Army is
upon a March. f :
o
We find mention’d alfo two other Provinces of note, viz. Colas (which lies neat
g _
the Point call’d Cape Florida) and Tegifta,orFlorida properly fo call’d, being thatlon
it
Peninfula, which pointing upon the Ifle Cuba, by the Cape. Los Martyres, ftretcheth
(elf North-and South:about a hundred Leagues in length, but not above thirty in
breadth where it is largeft. In this Province is the Rio de lo Spirito Santo. The Soyl,
though it produces Indian Wheat twice a year, yetitis never Dung’d, but when
the Corn (which is planted in March and June) isin, they burn the Weeds ; the
Afhes of which ferves them in ftead of Soil. The: King divides the Corn accor
ding to every Mans Family. In the Winter they dwell four Moneths in the
“Woods, where they build fmall Huts of Palm-boughs, feed on Venifon, f{moak’d
Fith, and Crocodiles, which have pure white Flefh, and are caught after this mane
Theiemaner ner: On the Shore of the Rivers they build licrle Houfes full of round Holes, in
Crocotifes. which they place a Watch, who is to give notice'to ten OF twelve Affociates, cos
ver’d all over with Boughs full of little fharp Prickles, which they thruft into the
Crocodiles Throat, who with open Mouth comes running at them, and fothrows
ing him on his Back, ftick his Belly full of Arrows, and kill him with Clubs. But
e with more fubtilty and art they take theit Deer, viz. They hide themfelves under
fuilfseit
a
Chap. III. AMERICA. 22h
a Stags Skin, fo cunaingly, that it feems as if living, which they place near the
Rivers where the Deer generally come to drink, when ona fudden they fhoor
them. |
Their Priefts ferve in ftead of Chiturgeons, wherefore they always carry a Floridans ;
Bag full of Herbs about with them, which are chiefly good againft venereal Di- though libie
dinous, yet
ftempers ; for thefe People are exceeding libidinous; nay, Sodomy and defiling of live long.

young Children is accounted no fin: Yet though they are much inclin’d to Wo-
men, they attain to a great Age.
Rene Landoniere Landing not far from the City Augu/tine, fituate on the Banks of
the River May, met with the Floridan Governor Saturiona, who conduéted him to the
French King’s Court of Arms, erected two years before, which Saturiona, asa tefti-
mony of his zeal to the French, had Crown’d with Laurel and Flowers. Saturiona
had with him alfo his Son Atoreus, who had begotten divers Children on his Mo-
ther ;whom his Father afterthat time no more acknowledging, refign’d her up
wholly to him : At which’timealfo his great Grandfather being then living, was
above a hundred and fifty years old, and faw his Childrens Children to the fifth
Generation. |
The Religion in Florida is abominable, wicked, and cruel: When they return Their horrid
Religion, _
Conquerors from a Bartel , the old Women take off the dry’d Hair from the
fore-mention’d Poles, hold it aloft, and thank the Sun for their Victory. But the
Offerings of their firft-born Sons are terrible, for they knock out their Brains with
aClub in the prefence of the King. Their annual worfhipping of the Sun is alfo
very ridiculous ; for filling the Skin of a Stag full of fweetefmelling Herbs, they
hang the Horns and. Neck with Garlands, and carry it with the noife of their kind
of Vocal and Inftrumental Mufick, toa high Trunk or hollow Body of a Tree, ony
which they place the ftuff'd Stag, with his Head towardsthe Sun ; which done, they
falling down, defire that he would pleafe to afford them plenty of all fuch Fruit as
they Offergo him ; after which taking theit leave; they let the foreemention’d Skin
remain there till the following Year. . 0
The Spaniards fince their Defeat in the Fort Carolina, and theit Engagement with
Sir Francis Drake, Anno 1585. have had-little difturbance on Florida.
Drake having burnt and plunder’d Domingo and Carthagena, fteer’d along the Coaft Drake’s Ex-
ploit on Flo-
of Florida, and difcover’d a Beacon on the fame ; whereupon he {ent out Spies, who rida, ?

fail’d a League up a River, on whofe Banks they faw a Fort, and fomewhat higher
the Town Auguftine, built full of woodden Houfes ; all which being related to
him, he fteer’d thicher, fir’d his Guns twice againft the Fort St. John; which the —
Spaniards anfwering onely with one Volley, fled, with their Commander Peter Me-.
nendex ; when the'Englifh prepar’d to Storm; a Prifoner, being a French-man, came in
a Boat from themto Drake, and inform’d him that the Spaniards had left the City
Auguftine and Fort St. John; to which Drake going, found there Pallifado’s of pleited
Boughs, cover'd with Earth; and a Cheft with twe thoufand Pound, for the pay-
ment of the Soldiers, and fourteen Brafs Guns, with which he fet Sail’ from thence.
“The Mountains of this Countrey are onely the Apalatei, fuppos’d by the Na-
tives to haverich Mines of Gold in them; and which the Spaniards faw, bat had
not time, nor other accommodation to ftay and fearch them, by reafon they were
fo much wearied-and wafted witha long March beforé they gat thither, and found |
the People fo ftout and obftinate thereabouts, that in ftead of entercaining them
with their Hens and Fowl, as other places:had done, they were welcom’d with
Blows, and made to return, leaving not a few of theit beft Soldiers behind.
Rivers there are many, and thole very large and commodious, as 1. Rio Secco,
, or
 AMERICA * Chap. itt
ot The Dry River, fo call’d by the Spaniards (as fome think) becaufe they could find
,
no Gold in it. 2.Rio Grande, ot The Great River. 3. Ligerts. 4. Carunna. 5. Sequana
fome time had,
exc. Thefe laft, fo nam’d by the French, who, after the Spaniards, for
but never held any long poffeffion of the Countrey. Thereare alfo Rio de Flores,
Rio de Nieves, and Rio de Spirito Santo, lefler Streams, yet all of them, wich the reft,
them not a litthe
falling at feveral places into the great Lake of Mexico; and fome of
be-
haunted by the Caymans or Weft-Indian Crocodiles, a Creature, as hath been faid
fore, dangerous both at Sea and Land, “sno
The Natives, who as yet hold Poffeffion and Command of it for the moft part,
are themfelves generally forted into certain Tribes or great Families ; all which are
Govern’d feverally by Chiefs of their own, whom they call Paracoufs, and by rea-
fon thereof are almoft continually in Feud and War one with another. |
The Towns and Places moft known in this Province, are 1. St. Helens, feated on
or near unto a Promontory of the: fame Name, where this Countrey bordereth on
Virginia. 2. Fort Charles, or Arx Carolina, built and fo nam’d by the French King, but
afterwards ruin’d by the Spaniards.’ 3. Port Royal, 2 well frequented Haven, at the
Mouth of 2 River which beareth the fame Name. More within Land there is,
1. Apalache, an.old Town of the Natives, fotmerly a Place of great refort, but now.
a poor thing of about forty or fifty Cottages 5 ‘and yet 4s poor as it is, Pamphilius -
Narvaez, as before related, when he fearch’d the Countrey, found the Natives
not willing to pare with ic : for though he took it from them, it was not without
fome refiftance, and they quickly recover’dit again : and at the 2. nam’d Aute, ane
other old ‘Town ‘of theirs, nine days March from the other, they. overtook him, and
fell fo refolutely upon him, that he lefc not afew of his beft Soldiers dead upon the
place, and was'content himfelf to march quietly away) with the'reft. 3. Ochala,a
Town .confifting of about five or fix hundred Sheds and Cottages. likewile of the
Natives. 4. Vittacuche, a Burrough of two hundred Houles....- >. oh miller
There is alfo on the the Eaftern Shore of this Penin/ula, St. Matthews, .a Place pot 4
{efs’d and well fortifi’d by the Spaniards , and St. Auguftines on the fame Shore, but
lying fomewhat more Southerly than theother, atthe Mouth of a River of ;the
fame Name, taken and fack’d by Sir Francis Drake in the Year, 15 85. ‘iz

S. £6) Bele

Jucatan.
_-_—

Pine is a Peninfula, or half-Ifland, being encompals’d with the Sea onall fidem
fave onely to the South-Weft, where itis joyn’d to Guaxata, its farther. and
more Eafterly, Point looking towards Cuba, The knowledge of, when, and
by whom this Province was difcover’d, is included in that, of New Spain, of which
fome will have it to be a part. The whole Province containsincompalfs nine hune
dred Miles or more, and lies between eighteen and twenty two Degrees) of Nor-
thern Latitude, or thereabouts, the Air fomewhat hot; and the Soil not altogether
fo fertile as fome other partsof New Spain are ; but in recompence thereof the
People are fo much the more induftrious, living for the moft part,by Handicraft
Trades. Neither is it altogether unftor’d with Corn. and divers forts of Frnits,bes
fides what it hath of Fowl and Beafts, as Geefe,, Hens, Deer, ec. particularly. at
yieldeth plenty of Wax and Honey, by reafon of its frequent Swarms of Bees, _
They report fome fpecial things of this Proyince, as namely, that the People of the
Countrey us’d generally, and long before the-Spaniards came thither, a certain Cee
7 remony
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 * of

Chap, Ill. fMERICA, - 2.223

remony of Religion, not much unlike to our Baptifm, and.which they call’d by
a Name that in their Language fignifi’'d Regeneration, or A Second-Birth ; that they
obfery’d it fo diligently, that few or none amongft them omitted to initiate them-
felves by it, believing, that thereby the Seeds and Ground-work of all Goodne(s
was laid in them, and that they were fortifi'd by it againft the affaults and tempta-
tions of evil Spirits ; that aftet they were three or four years old, till they came to
twelve, they ufually thus Wafh’d and Baptiz’d themfelves ;and that none were
permitted amongft them to Marry, that were not firft initiated afcer this manner ;
that they chofe likewife a folemn Day upon which to do this ; and that the Friends
and Relations (efpecially the Father and Mother) of the Parties to be initiated, as
well as the Parties them({elves, always Fafted three days before the faid Initiation ;
and that a great many of the Natives had a Tradition, or general Report amongft
them, that of ancient time this Province of Fucatan was poflefs'd and cultivated by
a certain People which came thither from the Eaft, after a tedious long wander-
ring, and many hardfhips endur'd at Sea, having efcap’d the Hands of their Ene-
mies onely through the power of the Deity they worfhipp’d; who help’d them,
and made them to pafs fecurely, even through the Waves of the Sea. All which, if
true, feems nota little to confirm the Report which goeth for currant in the Welfh
Chronicles, of one Madoc ap Owen, the Son of Guineth, a Prince of that Countrey,
who is faid to have fall’n upon'a far Countrey this way in his Travels, which he
lik’d fo well, that having fecur’d to his Com panions their fafe abode there during
his abfence, he return’d himfelf into Wales for more Men; and that he tranf ported
thither as many as he could carry inten Barques full fraught. This he is {aid to have
done about the Year of our Lord 1170. but neither he nor any of his Men were
ever heard of fince; and the fuccefs of the Expedition, it feems, little enquir’d after
by the Welfh. However, the Relation feems not altogether incredible.
The chief Towns of the Province are, 1. Merida, in the Navel of the Countrey,
and the Seat of the Governor, twelve Leagues diftant from the Sea on either fide.
2. Valladolidt, thirty Leagues diftant from Nerida. 3+» Campeche, a great Town, con-
fifting of about three thoufand Houfes or more, when fir conquer’d by the Spani-
ards ; who found {uch Monuments of Art and Induftry in it, as did clearly argue,
that the Place had been once poffefs’d by fome People that were not barbarous. It
is now call’d St. Francifco, and was furpriz’d in the Year 1596. by Captain Parker,
an Englifh-man, who took the Governor himfelf and fome other Perfons of Quality
with him, together with a Ship richly laden with Gold and Silver, befides other
Commodities of good yalue, 4. Tabafco, by the Spaniard now call’d Villa de Nueftra
Sennora de Vitoria, and commonly Viétoria onely, in memory, as ‘tis thought, of the
firft great Victory which Cortez obtain’d over thefe People at the Battel of Potonchan,
as hath been faid. 5. Cintla. 6. Potonchan. 7. Salamanca.
All along the Coaft of this Countrey there lie certain Iflands, fome within the
Bay or Gulph call’d Honduras, pertaining to the next Province, as 1. La Zarza.
2. La Defcone/cida. 3+ Vermeia. 4. Los Negrillos ; and fome without it, as 1. Zaratan.
2. Pantoia. 3. De Mugeres, or The Ifland of Women, fo nam’d by the Spaniards, who at
their firft Difcovery of thefe Parts, for a long time together could. meet with none
but Women. The chief of them is call’d Acufamil, commonly Cozamul, and is fifteen
Leagues in length, and about five in breadth, and was as it were the Thoro-wfare,
or Common Road of the Spaniards, when they firft difcover’d-
the Countreys of
New Spain: For firft here Landed Ferdinando de Corduba, after him John de Grialva,
and-others; and laft of all the fortunate Cortex. It is now call’d St. Crux.
-*
J » - +

: a
> omy tgs

CHAP.
 Guatimala.
. _

Its, Situation
and Bounds.
) Uatimala ftretcheth to the Isthmus, or Neck of Land, which, as we faid, join-
eth the Northern and Southern parts of the New World together.
This Countrey is bounded Northward with ‘the Peninfula of Fucatan
abovefaid, and part of the Gulph or Bay of Hionduras:, on the South, with Mare del
Zur; onthe Eaft and South-Eaft,ic hath Caftella Aurea; and onthe Weft, New Spain.
The length of it lieth uponithe Coaft of Mare del Zur, and is faid-to be little lefs than
three hundred Leagues ; butthe breadth not half fo much, and in fome places very
narrow. It is generally a fertile and good Countrey in all re{pects, but efpecially
abounding in Cattel and good Paftures; it is fubdivided into feven inferior Pro-
vinces. or Countreys, which are 1. Chiapa, 2.Verapax. 3. Honduras. 4. Nicaragua.
5: Veragua, 6. (ofta Rica; and 7. Guatimala, {pecially fo call’d: all differing
in
Language and Cuftoms one from another. i
The Bifhoprick (as it isnow call’d) of (hiapa is border’d on the Weft with New
Spain, on the Eaft with Vera Pax; and on the South with Mare del Zur. It isa
Countrey much fhaded with Woods, and thofe replenifh’d with many fair and
goodly Trees,of divers forts, and of the largeft fize,as Oaks, Pines, Cedar, Myrtle,
and Cyprefs-Trees, befides others which yield them a good kind of Rozen, precious
Gums, crc. alfofeveral forts of Balfom, as white, red, green, and black, not onely
pleafant to the Scent, but an excellent Remedy for all manner of green Wounds :
the beft of it drops out of the cut Bodies of the Trees ; and the worft is prefs’d out
of the Wood and Leaves. : | <<
Trees and There are alfo proper to this Countrey feveral other kinds of Trees and Plants,
Plants,
as that whofe Fruit taftes like Pepper and Cloves, being of a great heighth,; a
Tree whofe Leaves cure all ulcerated Sores, or the bicings of any poyfonous
Beaft. ;
There is a fort of Cabbage call’d Ilantas, which grows to the heighth of a Tree,
fo that Birds make their Neftsin them, they are eaten likewife like other com-
mon Cabbages.
There is alfo an Herb with narrow Leaves, which is no fooner touch’d, but it
fhrinks up tonothing ; but at the going away of thofe which touch it, it obtains
its former vigour, |
Here are likewife Quails, Ducks, Geefe, Pheafants, Parrots, Turtle-Doves, Pi-
geons, and the like, in great abundance. | .
_ Amongft the feveral forts of Falcons which breed in this Countrey, there is one
fort which hath one Foot proper to its kind, the other like that of aGoofe; it feeds
on Fifh along the Rivers. ;
The Bird Toto-Queztall, which is fomewhat {maller thana Pigeon, with green
Feathers and along Tail, .is taken onely for its Tail, which when. the Indians have
pull’d out, they let the Bird fly again, there being a Law amongfethem, that who-
foever kills one of them, is to fuffer death. ©
The Cranes here are of a dark Gray; the biggeft of them havea tuft of -Fea-
thers like a Crown upon their Heads,
The
Chap. IV. JAMERICA 225

-'The Birds Guacamayes, which ate ted and blue, ate like a PeruanGoole: - Birds}

‘Morcover, the Countrey yields brave Horfes, Goats, Sheep, Rabbets, and Foxes! Beafts)
alfo wild Dogs, Leopards, Lyons; and Tygers. | Oc
~The wild Hogs which breed here have their Navels on their Backs, and have!
no Tails, they {mell exceeding ftrong, and feed together in great Companies.
The Taquatrin, a'cercain Beaft proper to thof' Parts, hath a Bag under its Belly,
in’ which it generally carries feven of more young ones, ‘and'hath alfo a bald Tail ;
it creeps into Houfes in the Night co fteal Hens. | | )
Here is alfo a certain Beaft (whofe Name we find not) about the bignefs of a
Rabbet; and like a Rat, and carriesits young dneson its back whenfoe’re it comes
abroad. : ! :
The Serpents, which ate very numerous here, trouble the Inhabitants excees
ditigly, efpecially near the Village catepeque, where ‘there are fach an abundance
on two little’ Hills, that none dares approach them; fomeof them are very poy
fondus, foriftouch’d with a Stick, the Poyfon runs up the fame + and whoever are
anointed with the Blood of adead Serpent, diealingring-Death. Jobn de Laet reo’
lates, that'the Indians took one which carried thirty young ones, which being 2
Finger long, crep up and down immediately ,and the old one, being above twenty
Foot long, ferv’d the Natives for Venifon.! 6 % « AT ee ee
Amongft other ‘Beafts is alfo the. Teuthlacokaubgut,otFortre/s “of »the’ Serpents 2!
it hath a Head like an Adder, thick Belly, glittering Scales, a black Back, fprinkled
with white Crofles ; at its Tail’theregrowS yearly a Bonie,ewithhwhich it makes 4
noife when it ftirs ; its poyfonous Teeth deftroy thof@ which are bit‘therewithid
‘twenty four Hours, unlefs the part which is wounded’beheld in the Earth {6 long
till the pain be over. Notwithftanding-the noife; terrible afpect, and gefturesofthis
Animal, the Indian Hunters make nothing to take'the faine'by the Tail; and wrap
itup in Linnen, and carrying it home make ittame) Ivis able to livea whole Year
without either Meat ot Drink ; ity Head when cur‘off grows to the bigefs of a
Man’s Thightin ten days times (oS
,

@ Beene es Se 7 |
e@¢

Aa No
 bed Shn ‘Chap. IV,
No def hggee
‘ Ay sin taking the Ibitobaca, which isan ElkJong, of a
they wear
cron lif ackandaes ee Bones whereof
bit
cirt =A
The Serpent 1A
The pete i
ich
R. pentie doth no: manner ‘ofhae thoughteitible to look
a glittering Comb
Iquanna,

upon to thofe yb know itnot, having a Bag under-iits Chin;a

on its Heads ‘an obits Back tharp Bones, which ftand like a Saw,anda long Tail :
It lays fifty.Ex508.ata time asbig asAcorns, of a verygood take,andfitto cae:when
boyl’d :. Tt-alfo livesboth:in:“the:‘Water:and on the Land.
Baboons., Here'aré alfo many Baboons, which.are big and heavy, with setidlies, fhort
Legs tike a Man;"*and ‘Tails. ftanding upwards ; they eat‘all forts OFFruit, but
chiefly covet after Wine and Bread;and are to lafcivious, that they often fet
upon Women : 3 “The Females generally bring forth two, one Male, and the other
Female. There is a another fort, whofe Skins,» beesaed, are | ‘full oF . little
Spots. astiss as ee
Pree ancient.‘inhabiciaes of: Chiapas (divided into the C Hapaneca55= ikelae. the
Zeltates, and the Quelenes) atevery Civil and Witty,alfo skilful:inn Painting,Singing,
Breaking of Horfes;and many other Trades:
Towns and
Villages of The Placts of more principal note in. this.Countrey,, fithabited by:the Stotidtds;
Note,
are 1. (indad Real, pleafantly feated in the midft of a pind Vale‘or Plain, and al.
moft encompals’d with Hills reprefenting the form:of an Amphitheatre ;; alfoat
the Foot of one which ftands in the midft of the reft, the City is built. Itisa City,
{pecially Priyiledg’d by the King of Spain, haying a.Court of, Juftice, Cathedral,
and Dominican. Cloyfter of a pure and temperate Air, and, the, Countrey ropnd
about plentifully abounding both in Corn,and Fruit, onely. fomewhat.too;cold te
produce Lemmons and Oranges; but for Pears, Apples,, Beaches, Quinces, Cher-
ries, and. the like, they grow.here in great abundances 3%:
2. .(hiapa, which giveth Name.to the Valley aforefaid;Ic is-a Bifhop’s See, and
pices if but for one of its Prelates, wiz. Bartholomeo delas Cafas, of the:-Order, of
Predicants, who was Bifhop of this City, and his Memory juftly precious, amongft
the poor, Americans at this day, for his Charity towards them, and forthe ftout and
zealous oppofition which he: made againft.che Spaniards cruel and inhumane.deals
ings with the Natives at the beginning of their Conquefts : by which ar laft,nat-
withftanding much difficulty and refiftance made by.interefted| Perfons ofthe other
Side, he procur ’d them liberty, and.an Edig.from the Emperor in favor of them;
whereby, they were declar’ dito be.a Free People, and not, Slaves, and: the Spaniards,
forbidden, to ule chem,any longer as fuch, ox to force them, toany kind of Labour
againft heir. wills, of otherwile, than by agreement. with,them, which Liberty they.
enjoy to this day¢atid though, thé, Spaniards are faid to give them very. {mall Wages
infome places, and fot their, Work in theis.Sugar-Mills. (which.is no{mall,.Labor)
not above five Reyals, 68 Two fhilling’ fix.pencea Week, for the Maintenance. of
themfelves, their Wiyes.and Children, Yer by, reafon it is with Confent, and. in a
Countrey where all things:aré plentiful and cheap, their Condition is much better,
than it,was,and the favor which thae good Bifhop did them, never to be. forgotten.
Itisat ptefenta great and populous City, and lieth almoft.in che mid-way, betwixt:
the Cities of Mexico and Gyatimalas
3. St. Bartholomews, if the Countrey of the Qatleness:
4. Tecpatlan, the chief of twenty five Villages, faid.to belong to the Zogpes
Here the Dominicans have another Cloyfter. |
The Zeltates poffels a fruitful Connie. have irceet Villages inane with,
Trees that yield Cochenile, being under 4 Common-wealth Government,
The
 Chap: dV) AMERICA. 27
The chief Place of the Quelenes is (opanavatzla, where there is good
Cheefe, and
ftore of brave Catrel : The River (hiepa gliding through the midft thereof, lofeth ir
felf in the Northern Ocean. In this part of the Country are Beafts not unlike Apes,
with long Tails, which they wind about the Legs of thofe whom they find fwim-
ming and fo pull them under Water; wherefore they that go to Swim take Axes
along with them, to cut off their Tails. |
The Water of the River Blanco is clear and wholfom, running for the moft pare
through Rocky Grounds, which neverthelefs are over{pread with Trees,
In the higheft Ground of Chiapa, a League anda half from the City Reall, {pring
clear Fountains, whofe Water ebbs and flows every fix hours. |
Near the Village call’d Afixa isone which runs three years together, though in
the drieft Seafon, and is dry three years, though it Rain never fo much,
Not far from the Village Cinacatan is another Spring, whofe
Water cures feve-
ral Sicknefles, but kills all Birds and Beafts which drink of the fame. I
Here are likewife divers Baths.
The Rivers which run out of the Valley Chiapa, fall into two great Pits,
Near the Village Bartholomew, in the Province Quelenes, isa firange Cavern, out
of which by the throwing of a ftone into the fame, are heard mighty noifes
like
claps of Thunder.
Not far from the Village Chicomucolo, appears a Cavern, in which is a great Plain
on one fide, and a ftanding Lake, whofe Water is like Sand, on the other.
~The Spaniards, if they wanted not Slaves, might dig good ftore of Gold, Silver;
Copper, Lead, Tin, and Quickfilver, out of the Mynes on the Mountain Ecatepeck,
which is in nine Leagues compafs: The Wind blows fo ftrong after Sunsrifing,
that no Man is ableto travel for it, but in the Night.

Sheth: Uh

Vera Paz..
Era Pax, or The (ountrey of True Peace, wasfo nam’d by the Spaniards, as they
Situation and
\ fay, becaule it was never conquer’d by the Sword, but reduc’d to Obedie ounds, .

_ ence onely by the Preaching of the Dominican Fryers. \t is bounded on the

Weft and South-Weft with Chiapa, on the Eaft with fome part of Guatimala and
Honduras ; and on the North with Fucatan. It contains about thirty Leagues in
length, and almoft as much in breadth, being a woody and mountainous Countrey
for the moft part, yet well diftinguifh’d with Valleys and lower Ground. It is
much fubjeé& to Rain, which ’tis faid to have for nine Moneths of the Year almoft
continually ;by reafon whereof the Countrey, being otherwife hot, is much an-
noyd with a kind of Mo/quit, or great fort of Gnats, which fpoil the Fruit very
much, and are otherwife not a little trouble to the People, Moreover,there happen
oftentimes terrible Earthquakes and Storms, with Thunder and Lightning.
The chief Commodities of this Countrey, are a kind of Amber, which fome call (Commodi-
Liquid Amber, which drops from divers of their Trees, and is faid to be 2 Commo- ties of [the
Countrey. «
dity very precious, and of much ule ; Maftick, Sanguis Draconis, Gum Anime, Sar[apa-
villa, (hina-Wood, and divers other Medicinal Drugs, which it affordeth in great
plenty. The Woods afford a {weet fmell, and the Trees in the fame grow a wone
derful heighth, .
The Canes which grow here, being a hundred Foot long, and proportionably
thick, ferve for Timber,
Aas There
 228 AMERICA. Chap. IV.
its hardnefs or colour, or
There is alfo a hard Wood call’d Iron-Wood, either f10m
| |
both, which never rots.
ment to innumerable
The abundance of Flowers which grow there afford nutri
y, which
warms of Bees, which are about the bignefs of {mall Flies. Theic Hone
er fort,
is fomewhat tart, they hide in the Roots of Trees, or in the Earth. Anoth
Senfes.
which is made by the Wafps, bereaves thofe that tafte of their
Mule, hath
The noted’ft Beaft in this Countrey isthe Danta, which refembles a
thin Legs, with
no Horns, but Afh+colour’d long Hair, fhort Neck, hanging Ears,
Eyes, a
three Claws before and two behind, long Head, narrow-Forchead, little
is fix
Nofe hanging over its Mouth, little Tail, fharp Tceth, and a Skin which
,
Fingers thick, and {carce penetrable by any Weapon. This Beaft is taken in Fraps
Water.
Holes, or elfé with Dogs, which he often kills when hunted towards the
.
They fay that this Beaft taught Men firft to Let-blood; for if it be too full of
very
Blood, it pricksitfelf againft a fharp Cane, and ftops up the Orifice again
carefully. The Fleth thereofisgood Meat, asalfo that of the Roff-Lyons, which
/
|
- ‘

:
, ; »

s.
inthe day-time fleep on a high Tree, where they are fhot by the Indian
i
:
- ‘ I :
:

The Tygers are much more dangerous to be taken ; yet the Indians Hunting
9 -
:
e , He
a. oe 1 ‘

‘
4 ri

them, eat them in fteadofBeef; and alfothrough all New Spain.

:
>}
'
»)
we Tl

The Bears, which make the Ways very dangerous to travel, have black frizled
. : :
P*) 7
+
‘

Hair, broad Tails, Feet like Mens Hands > but fince the Indians have made ufe of
')
;
a

Guns, which they leatn’d from the Spaniards, they have much leffen’d the number
7 '

a bs

r’ ~d ian?
|

: 1
'
/
both of Bears and Tygers.
There are likewife many Leopards, Apes,and wild Goats (whofe Skins ferve the
:
- la

: SS |
: |
:

Natives for Drums) Hogs, and Armadill’s.

“4 i}

: :
vt. a

: |
Amongtt their Fowls, are Eagles and Parrots.
5 :
: + :
j uv
b ’ :

The Countrey is fo well ftor’d with Water, that inthree Leagues {pace are
« vil
-
4
{ '
1

7
above thirty Rivulets, and as many Fountains.
‘
' ‘
ev i
; '

k 4 F :

On the Mountains grow great quantities of Sarfaparilla, Mechoacan, and the Chinas
« | hd
)

gmc)
: js)
;a

Root, which being yellowifh hath feveral Saffron-colour’d Knobs on the top. The
: ‘
1 u
"
+ :
}
i : {

Sarfaparilla grows with many Stalks, creeping along over the Ground ; the Body
' ’
ri] «
‘ » 1;

thereof is tough and full of Prickles, the Leaves broad and fharp at the ends, and
hi ,
iy i ‘al
‘ i’
a j

are of a bluifh colour on one fide, and green on the other, and bear Clufters of |
+ ‘ : " 7

ri ‘ U
ie t ' :
‘ i! Ve

Flowers, which clofe like Buds, and are firft green, next vermilion-red, and laftly
- !

+! : Le BY
+
r : ~

blackifh : within are two hard Stones, which inclofe a white Kernel, by the Indi- _
ri i; : f
' 4
| 4! yat
y ' ‘y
‘ss 1 ' : . 4

; Ad “a iq
io
v
“Mes
vi
.
Viol} ans call’d JFuapecanga.
The Bay Golfo Dulce, which pours its muddy Water into the Sea, feeds the great
' j -
‘ ‘er ny ‘en
\ *
. ;

:
- . 4 : :

Fifh Monati, and a great number of Crocodiles.

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Several Rivers abounding with Fifh fall alfo into the fame, having their Banks
”
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fet all along with Trees, in whofe Boughs, joyn’d together on the top, thofe fort
A ; —s
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hae
:
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——
of Birds make their Nefts which prey on Fifh. a |
4
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The Women in this place are much fhorter Liv’d thanthe Men, fo that thereare
i.
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ty
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often thirty Widowers to one Widow. Women with Child are Deliver’d by
alg
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themfelves in the High-way ; and from thence they go to the next River to wafh
o**—
themfelves and the Child. | |
rine Sy As for any Towns or Places of much Traffick or Note, inhabited by the Spani-
s———e
me

ards, we find not any nam’d, fave onely St. Augaflines ; near unto which there 1s
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ae
.

;
faid to bea Cave and Fountain within Ground, which converts the Water that fal-
leth into it out of feveral lefler Springs, into a kind of Alabafter or Stone, per-
-aos
—

ok
-— 2a

featly white, and fafhions it likewife into Pillars, Statues, and other artificial Forms
aee pane
——————

--
°08
=

of very curious Workmanhhip, as Laet reporteth.

| Yr ic} ' Sect.
 hap: IV. AME Rt A 229

Secr. II.

Honduras.
He hath on the South, Guatimala abovelaid ; on the Weft, a cettain Bay, Sioualon and
or Arm of the Sea, which they call Golfo Dulce, from the abundance of
fref{h Waters which run into it from all Parts - onthe North and North-
Eaft, the Atlantick Ocean ; and fomewhat to the South-Eaf, Nicaragua. It contains
in length, viz. from Eaft to Weft, Coafting along upon the Sea, about a hundred
and fifty Leagues, and in breadth eighty... The Countrey is rich both in Cornand
Pafturage, being faid to be very much advantag’d that way by the conftant over-
flowings of the Rivers, which are very many, about Michaelmafsetime, and which
the People order fo well, that they water their Gardens, and exceedingly fertilize:
the whole Champain, or lower part of the Grounds by them.
The fruitful Valleys of this Countrey were anciently very well inhabited, till.
vaft multitudes of the Natives were deftroy’d by the Spaniards Cruelties, of which
the Bifhop Bartholomeo de las Cafas, in-his Letter to the Emperor Charles the. Fifth,
gives this Relation :
» |
‘¢ The young Children (faith he)they murder’d, beating out their Brains againft Cruckies of
“‘ the Stones ;the Kings and Princes of the Countrey they either {corch’d to death, ora.”
“or threw them to the Dogs to be torn in pieces ; the poor People they drove in-
“to their Houfes, and then fet them on fire ; thofethat remain’d were condemn’d
“‘ to the greaceft flavery imaginable, being us’d in ftead of Mules and Horfes, and
“ having greater Burdens laid upon them than. they were able to carry, infomuch
* that thoufands of them fell down deadsunder them ; fome out.of defpair rune
“ ning into the Woods were famith’d, after they had kill’d and eat their Wives and
“Children for Hunger. Inthis one Province onely they maffacred above twenty
“¢ hundred thoufand Men, and amongit others, Perfons of Quality, which had cis
“ villy Entercain’d them : nay, they tortur’d the poor innocent Natives all the
‘* ways they could poffibly invent, onely to know of them where their Gold lay ;
“‘ patticularly Diego de Vala/co {par’d none that ever fell into his hands; infomuch
“ that in a Monethstime above ten thoufand were flain by him: He hang’d thire
“teen Noble-men, to twelve of whom he gave the Denomination of The twelve
“ Apojftles.; and the chiefelt of themhe call’d in a derifion, Jefus Chrift. Some they
“ fuffer’d to ftarvero death, with their Heads compre{s’d between the cloven Barks
“ of wild Vines ; fome alfo they buried alive, and leaving onely their Heads to
‘“appear above Ground, bowl’d Iron Bullets at them, and fore’d them to eat one
“* another , \befides infinite other. hellith Cruelties, too horrid and dreadful to be
“¢ recounted. TT
This Countrey produces much Maiz, Wheat, Honey, and great Calabafhes, from Crnmodiies
whence the firft Difcoverers call’d that Sea Golfo de las Ybuexas, becaule they met with. 75h Cous
abundance. of Calabafhes , floating: on the Water, which at Santo Domingo bear the
Name of Ybueras. |
This Countrey is water’d by three Rivets, the firt Chainalucom, which glides by
the City San Pedro; the fecond Ulva, inhabited on both Shores; the third Ha-
S#aro, the Grounds adjacent to which would prove very fruitful, were the Inhabi-
tants nottoo lazy.’ In ftead of a Plough they ufe a long Pole, with two crooked
Staves at itheend, one bent downwatds and the other upwards, with which they
eut and turn the Earth: The Natives feed on féveral Roots; Flefh, and Vermine:
| | | fea j Ag
 230 AMERICA. Chap. IV.
Attheir Feaft they make themfelves Drunk with a Drink made of Honey,
Noble-men heretofore onely drinking the Liquor of Cacao; but of late it is coms
mon, and made by all People, though never fo mean. They {peak feveral Langua.
ges, the chiefeft whereof is that of the Chontales, a falvage People. They divide their
Year, call’d Joalar, that is, Pa/sing, into eighteen Moneths, and each Moneth into.
twenty Days. They formerly meafur’d the Year by the Nights, and began the Year
forty days fooner chan the Europeans. |
by the Indians nam’d Comayagua,
The Towns in this Province are 1. New Vallodolid
lyingina pleafanc Valley under a temperate Climate. The Cattel brought hither
from Spain increafe exceedingly. The Silver-Mynes are alfo fo well ftor’d, that they
keep the Melting-houfe in the Town always employ’d.
The Governor of this Place hath his Refidence next to the Treafury-Chamber.
Anno 1588, the Bifhop’s See was tranflated hither from Truxillo : Nineteen years
before which Francifco de Monteio fent his Lieutenant Alphonfo de Cacenes thither, to
build a Village half way between the Southern and Northern Ocean ; who accor-
dingly erected the Town Santa Maria de Camoyagua, near a River Navigable for (4-
noos, which difembogues in Puerto de Cavallos. The remaining part of the Way to
the Haven Fonfeca being paflable for Carrs (which was a means to prevent many
Inconveniences which us’d to happen to Travellerson the Way between Panama and
Nombre de Dios) the Spanifh King was fo much concern’d at the fir propofal hereof,
that he fent the famous Surveyor Baptifta Antonello thither, and the rather, becaufe
he received information, that the new Way, along which they carried the Mer-
chandife from Peru, Mexico, and other Countreysalong the South Sea,lay very plea-
fantly, by reafon of the brave Vineyards, Corn-Fields, Fruit-Trees, Paftures,
Streams abounding with Fith, Herds of Deer, and Cony-Warrens ; yet Antonello
meeting with many troubles, would not undertake the Bufinefs. :
New Valladolid is adorn’d with a great Church, a Cloyfter, belonging to the
Monks De la Merced, and handfom Streets. | |
ratory 2. Thirty Leagues Weftward from this City lies another call’d Gratias a Dios, be-
gun by Captain Gabriel de Royas, Anno 1530, that fohe might be near the Gold-Mines :
But becaufe the Natives kept the new Inhabitants in continual alarm, and daily
Storm’d the unfinifh’d Fortifications, Royas was neceffitated to leave off building
any farther, the rather, becaufe none came to his affiftance from the neighboring
Garrifon. ii
Six years after Gonzales de Alvarado undertook this Work, and built the City on a
Rocky Mountain; which, though otherwife barren, produc’d lufty Horfes and
ftrong Mules, |
sigur: 3. San Pedrothough lying under a hot and unwholfom Climate,us'd formerly to
bea brave City of Trade; but it is gone much rodecay fince Golfo Dolce hath been
difcover’d, becaufe from that Bay the Commodities are carried in Barques up into
the Countrey.
Pee The Village Juan de Puerto.deCavallos, inhabited by Faétorsand Moors: Tt re-
Foande
tes, ceiv’d that Denomination, becanfe not far from it feveral Horfes were forc’d to be
thrown over-board in a Storm. Though it be but ill fortifi'd, yet it hath an ex-
ceeding large Haven. Captain Chriftopher Newport arriving here Anno 1591. found
two hundred Houfes, andin them a confiderable Booty left, notwithftanding four
Ships richly laden had lately fet Sail from thence. )
Six years after Newport, Capt. Ant. Sherly re-took the Place,and leaving the Haven
open for Pyrats, Alphon/us Coriado judg’d it convenient to remove the Trading Place
to Amatique ; he built the Village Thomas de (aftilla, and fortifi'd the fame againft all
manner of Affaults. Behind
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 Chap. IV. "—” AME Rf OL ; 231
Behind Cavallos lies the Valley Naco, which is exceeding fruicful, being fituate
between high Mountains, where formerly was found plenty ofSilver.
5. Eaftward from Cavallos appears the famous City Truxillo, near a large Bay; {e- Ti uxille.

cur’d from all Storms by two Cliffs, full of Trees ; the Mouth of the Haven call’d
Joan Gil, is above two Leagues broad, and receives two Rivers, one from each fide
of the City: TheStream Quaimarotte flows Eaftward, and the River Antonio Welt.
ward, both abounding in Fifh. The Countrey round about produces abundance
of all forts of Provifions, and chiefly abounds in Grapes, which are gather’d
twice a year: Eight days after Augu/? they cut their Vines, which afford them ripe
Grapes again in Oétober ; they have two Harvefts of Corn; alfo Lemons and
Oranges are very plentiful: The Cattel brought hither from Spain are exceedings
ly increas’d to an incredible number.
Truxillo it {elf lying on a fteep Mountain, is defended on that fide which re-
{pects the Sea, with a thick Wall of fix Foot high; .between which and the Haven
are many brambly Bufhes, which prevent the accefs to the Wall, onely a narrow
and fteep way leading up to the City, which hatha ftrong Gate, guarded with two
Brafs Guns, and fufficiently Fortifi'd to oppofe an Enemy. The Eaftern Cliff,
which bends before the Haven is call’d Puntala Rye, on which ftands a Houfe with
a high Beacon : Beyond the Wall Eaftward, near the Haven, isa Ship-yard, before
which ftands a large Woodden Crofs: The Caftle in which the City Store is
kept, joyns tothe Wall, near unto which, within the Town appears St. Francis
Church ; but the Cathedral call’d Eglefia Major, is {een above all other Buildings :
The Houfes cover’d with Palmito-Leaves, have Walls of Pleited Bufhes, Plaifter’d
over within and without : Behind the City, where it lies open, are exceeding high
~ Mountains. | | .
Anno 1576. the Englifh falling on this ftrong Place, carry’d a rich Booty from Attempts up-
on this place ,
thence; after which, Capt. Anth. Sherly and Capt. Will. Parker ventur’d once more on by the Eng-
life and Dutch,
the fame, but being difcover’d by the Centinel, were forc’d to Retreat, not without
a confiderable lofs: When not long after, Captain John Van Hoorn a Hollander, ate
tempting the fame, had much better fuccefs; for he Weighing Anchor for Pernam-
bac, with four Frigats , three Ketches , anda Sloop , fet Sail to Truxillo, where
atriving, lay clofe before the City with his four Frigats, which fired very fiercely
on the Town; the Inhabitants of which not being idle, kill’d three Men in one
Ship, forc’d her to fall farther off from the Caftle : Whilft the Ketches and Sloop
went about a Gun fhot Weftward beyond the City, towards the River Antonio,
where they Landed two hundred and fifty Soldiers, which march’d with all {peed
upthe Hill, where the Caftle lay which they Scal'd at Noon-day,; the Befieged
being provided with feven Guns, fhot, and threw Stones continually amongft
them, yet were forc’d to Retreat from the Dutch Hand-granado’s: During the
ftorm, the Admiral himfelf Landed, but before he came out of the Boat, the fore-
mention’d Soldiers had made themfelves Mafters of the Fort, with the lofs of one-
ly eight Men, and were bufie Pillaging all places they came at, and carrying their
gotten Booty to a Watch-houfe near the Caftle on the Shore; when on a fudden
a Fire happen’d in the Eaft part of Truxillo, which increas’d-in {uch a manner, that
infew hours two third parts of the City lay in Afhes ; very one then had enough
to do to fave themfelves, yet for all the hafte they made, feveral Hollanders were
kill’d at the blowing up of the Magazine, and moft of the Booty loft by the
Fire ; infomuch that they carry’d but two hundred thirty nine Skins, fix Bales of
Indigo, eight hundred and twenty Pounds of Sarfaparilla, feven Brafs, and three
Iron Guns, four Clocks, and fome few trifles with them ; having before made an
agree-
 AMERICA Chap. TV.
agreement for twenty Pound of Silver, with the Governor Joan de Miranda, "who
inform’d them, that they had not the leaft knowledge of the Hollanders Fleet, till
the Evening, when the Beacon on Punta La Rye was fir’'d: Moreover, that the Ci-
ty was inhabited by two hundred Spaniards, andas many more Mulatoes and Moors,
and that the Trade thereof was much gone to decay, becaufe there had been no
Gallies there in two years before. |
Twenty feven Leagues from this City lies the Village forgo de Olancho, where
four thoufand Spaniards force Tribute from fixteen thoufand Indians, who poflels
much Gold.
S-eic itl,

Nicaragua. |
Sirmation and
bounds.
Noo is a County of this Province, border’d Northward with Honduras,
on the Eaft, with the Atlantick Ocean, and part of Veragua; on the South,
with Mare del Zur ; and on the Weft, with Guatimala, being call’d by Diego
Lopex de Salzado, The New Kingdom of Leon, and comprizing feveral little Territo-
ries, as Nicoya, Nequecheri, Mabyth, Deria, Mafaya, Mandigua, (acoloaque, Cepeoco, Los
Micos, Madira, and the Contales. It hath few Rivers in it, the want whereof is fup-
ply’d by the benefit of a great Lake, in the midft of the Countrey, call’d by the
Spaniards, Laguna de Nicaragua, containing , as is fuppos’d , above one hundred
Leagues in compafs. ‘It empties it felf by the Port of St. Juan into the Atlantick or
North-Sea, but reacheth as far as the South or Mare del Zur, at leaft within a very
few Leagues, and from whence fome Spanifh Captains are faid to have madeva pale
fage, though with much difficulty, into the Lake, and from thence tothe North-
Sea. It isabundantly well ftor’d with good Fifh, but withal much haunted with
Crocodiles; andthe Countrey about it fo plentiful in all things, efpecially Cattel,
Cotten-Wool, Sugars, and all kind of Fruits : Amongft which, the chiefeft is the
Zeiba, which is of fo great a thicknefs, that fifteen Men holding Hand in Hand, can
{carce encompafs the fame. The Callabafhes ripen here in fourteen'days time: The
Sea along the Coaft, breeds Whales and other Sea-Monfters, which are often {cen
above Water. po dah
Nature of the “The Inhabitants of this ‘Counttey, (except the Chontales, which live on the
Mountains, and” maintain their old Salvage Cuftoms) have for the moft part
Inhabitants,

learnt the Spanifh Tongue and Manners, and exercife themfelves in all forts of
Arts and Siences, efpecially in Working of Silver, making of Clothes, Wax-Work,
and the like: From the Mountains they gather Balfom, Liquid-Amber, Turpens
tine: They alfo drive a great Trade in Cotton, Skins, and feveral forts of Provi-
fions, to Panama, and Nombre de Dios.
The Lake Laguna de Nicaragua, which hath a hundred and feventeen Leagues in
Circumference, and round about inhabited, is by three Leagues of Land fepara-
ted from the South-Sea, and difcharges its Waters into’ the River De/aguadero,
which falls into the Northern Ocean. Alphon/us (alera , and Diego Machuca de Zuafo,
were the firft that Sail’d out of the foremention’d Lake into the Sea , not without
many dangers, by reafon of the great Waterfalls, call’d RQondales; which fall into
the River Defaguadero, and fore’d them often times to draw their Barques over the
Land. | CDS. meg: Se i
The chief City is, 1. Leon, whichis furrounded with Woods , and lies clofe by
the Lake; hatha great Church, five Cloyfters belonging to the Monks, dz la Mercede,
feveral Houfes for the King’s Officers, and a hundred and twenty thoufand Fami-
: lies
 Chap. 1V. AMERICA, 233
lies of Indians which pay Tribute. Three Leagues beyond Leon appears a high {piry
Mountain, from whole top, both Morning and Evening, rifes a mighty {moke,
and fometimes cafts out great fulphurous Stones over the neighboring Fields, and
ona fudden mighty Flames. A Dominican Monk, in hopes to get fome melted Gold
out of its burning Mouth, went up the fame with four of his Fraternity, and
carry’d an Iron Chain anda Kettle, which were no fooner let down into the hole,
but they were immediately melted; yet not fo difcourag’d, they refolv’d to venture
a fecond time with ftronger Materials, which neverthelefs had the fame, or rather.
worfe event; for the Fire flew out in fuch a manner, that the Dominicans fadly
{corch’d, had enough to do to efcape with Life, fince Which none durft prefiime to
aipptoach the fame.
But befides the Epifcopal City Le Bredcd by Francifcus Fernandex, 2. Granada
acknowledges the fame Builder, and lying alfo on the fhore of Laguna de Nicaragua,
is adorn’d vrith a Caftle, Church, and feveral Sugar-Mills : Not far from ic li¢
the {mall Lakes Mafaya saa Lindiri; the firft which is inclos’d between exceeding
high Mountains, covers the Foot of the burning Mountain Ma/faya ; the other falls
into Laguna de Nicaragua, neat which is the {moky Mountain Munbacho, furrounded
with Fruit-Trees.
3. 7 4. The Toivas Fuk, sledNeuva Segovia, which are not far from thence, are
of little confequence.
5. Realeio, this is, as it were, the Chattam of America, being a place on the Souths
Sea, where the King of Spain hath all his Ships built that are made of American Tim-
ber, and inhabited by few or none bue Shipwrights, Mariners, and Men of that
kind of Profeffion. —
6.% 7. Nicoya, Avarines.
8. Cartage, forty Leagues diftant from Nicoya, and lying almoft in the midft of
the I/thmus, or Streight of Darien, equally diftant both from the North and South
Sea, on both which it is faid likewife to have a convenient Port or Haven for
Shipping. .
The Spaniards, when firft they Landed here , call’d this Countrey Mahomets Pa
radife, becaufe of its exceeding Fruitfulnefs. The Cacao which they ufe here in ftead
of Money, is not unlike the Stone of an Almond. The Inhabitants, in ftead of
ufing a Steel and Flint to ftrike Fire withal, rub two pieces of Wood together fo
long, till one of them is kindled ; and wii the Boughs of Pine-Trees in ftead of
Candles. Amongft the feveral Languages which they {peak, the Mexican is the chief-
eft : Amongft their Recreations , Dancing is principal, which is perform’d af- Strange trate
ner of Dan |
ter a very ftrange manner, for they meet fometimes two or three thoufand toge- cing.

. ther, according to the bignefs of the Province, in a {pacious Field, which is made
clean before for that purpofe : He that leads the Dance goes backward, and with
many ftrange Geftures, turns himfelf about, which the reft, following four and four
together in a row, imitate, whilft their Tambores beat on hollow Inftruments, and
fing Songs , which are firft an{wer’d by the Ring-leader of the Dance, and then
_feconded ‘by the whole Company, each of them wavinga Fan ora Callabajh,
‘and being all adorn’d with Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Strings with
Shells about their Arms and Legs; they alfo a& feveral antick Tricks, the one,
the blind Man, the other, the Cripple, one feigns himfelf to be deaf, the other
makes a wry Mouth, one cries, and another laughs, whileft others drink healths
in Chocolate, which continues till Midnight.
A King of thisCountrey in former times.us’d to feed the Fifh Manati with Bread, The Fit .
Manati,
in the Lake Guainabo, where it would appear at its being call’d Matto, Matto, which
oo fignifies
 ra

AMERICA Chap. IV.

fignifies Noble-minded, and oftentimes carry eight or ten Boys on its Back from one
. fide of the Lake to the other; but being fhot by 2 Spaniard with an Arrow, never
appeard again, |
There is likewife a black Beaft in this Countrey call’d Ca/ca, refembling in fome
things a Hog; it hatha hard Skin, little Eyes, open Ears, cloven Feet, fhort Nofe,
and makes fucha terrible noife, that it affrights thofe which hear it.
No lefs flrange and wonderful is the FoxeApe, which hath two Bellies one under
another ; in the lowermoftofwhich it carries its Young, which are never brought
into the World till they are able to fhift for their own Food. It hath the Body of a
Fox, Feet like a Man’s Hands, and Ears likea Batt.
It will not be amifs before we conclude with this Province, to give you a Rela-
tion of the Difcourfe which hapned Anno 1527. between the Spanifh Commander
- Francifco de Monteio and the Nicaraguan Cafique Alquinotex, who being a hundred and
ten years old, told him, “That before the Spaniards arrival there, great numbers
“* of his Soldiers perifh’d after a Rrange manner ; for after having vomited abun-
‘* dance of Worms, they fell down dead ona fudden: thofe that e{cap’d the Cons
* tagion differing amongft themfelves, made two Parties, which twice Engaging
*¢ with one another, each of them loft above a hundred and fifty thoufand Men.
“‘ Yet both thefe Plagues wereno ways to be compar’d to the Slaughter which the
“ Spaniards had made amongft them.
About the fame time an Italian, call’d Hieronymo Bonzo, Lodging with a Nicaras
guan Noble-man that underftood the Spanifh Tongue, was thus fer upon by him:
What do not (Oh Chrift) the Chriftians do! they no Jooner get their Foot into an Indian’s
Hut, but they commandingly call for Maiz, Honey, Winter-Clothes, Gold, Silver, and aWoman
to cool their luftful defires : Certainly there is nothing more vicious on Earth, To which
Bonzo gave him this Anfwer: The wicked Spaniards commit oftentimes unfeemly things.
The Indian again fuddenly retorted, laying, Where are any fuch Men to be found as good
Spaniards ? I have never known any but wicked Villains. To which Bonzo faid, Why
have you made place for them on Nicaragua ? Which was thus reply’d to by the Noble-
man: ‘All People round about took Oath on the firft News of the Chriftians ar-
“rival, to hazard all, and fight to the laft Man, before they would be. under the
** infupportable Yoke, with which they had heard other Countreys were opprefs'd
“ with by them. To which purpofe they made ready Bowes,"Arrows, Lances,
“ Stones, Clubs, and other Weapons of War: But when it came to the trial, the
*< Spanifh Horfe, of which they had never {een the like, ftruck fuch a terror into the
- “ Indians, that they fled, and fent two Agents to Monteio to defire Peace; but their
“* Defign was onely togain time, that they might gather new Forces, to venture
‘¢ a fecond Encounter ; which prov’d as fatal. to them as the firft. Then defiring
“© Peace once more, they gather’d all that were able to bear Arms, and fworeone
“€ to another notto ftir a Foot; and withal made a Law, That whofoever did
* fhrink fhould be kill’d immediately : But the Women being inform’d hereof,
** begg’d that they mighe rather fuffer under the Spanifh Yoke, than be torn in pieces
*¢ by their Dogs, orkill’d by their Bullets and Swords, alledging, that they were
“ not able to refift the Spaniards ; and entreated them, that if they were refolv’d
“to go on with their firt Defign, they would firft fend their Wives and Chil-
dren to the other World, that fo they might not fall into the hands of the merci«
**lefs and bloody Chriftians: Whereupon, moft Voices judg’d it convenient’ to
‘make ufe of the Opportunity, and to fubmit to’ Monteio. But his. cruel deal-
“ings made fome to contradi@ that Determination , for which they paid
‘dearly ;for not onely they, but their little Infants, were puttothe moft cruel
| “¢ Deaths
Chap. IV. AMERICA.
‘¢ Deaths imaginable ;which made many of them alfoto lay violent hands on
9
“© themfelves.
. bs) E Cc Te V.

Coftarica.
7 Oftarica borders on the Eaft with Veragua; on the Southand Eaft, with the Botinds and
Sea ; and onthe North, with Nicaragua. The Countrey ic felf is barren Nature of the
Councrey.
and mountainous ; whofe Inhabitants were valiant enough to Encounter
with the Spanifh Forces, being unwilling to lofe their former Priviledges, ¥
_ This Coaft was difcover'd firftbyChriftopher Columbus, who Anno 1502. Sailing
up the Rivers Belen and Veragua with Barques, took much Gold out of the Mynes
Urira,
but chiefly from betweenthe Roots of Trees which were grown together.

Secr. VI.
Veragua.
Vix isbounded on the Weft with Coftarica; onthe Eaft it hath the Diftridt, Bounds and
Nature of
f or Countrey of Panama, being otherwife wath'd on all fides by the Sea. It the Gountry,
) hath ict Name from’a River of great notein this Tract, by which it was firft
difcover’d. The Countreyis for the moft part mountainous, and the Soil oute
wardly barren, but recompencing all-defeéts with the abundance of its more inward
Wealth, that is to fay, in the richnef$ of its Mynes, of which it is {aid to afford
many, and fo inexhauftibly rich and good, that the Spaniards here know no end of
their Wealth ;although by the ftoutne{s and, untameablenefs of the Natives, it
was 2 long time, and they met with many difficulties,before they could make theme
felves Mafters of the Treafure,
_The chief Towns they have here are 1. La Conception, lying at the Mouth of a Ri- Ita chief
Towns, —
ver fo nam’d, and the Seat of the Governor. :
2. La Trinidad, upon the Banks of the fame River likewife, but down towards
Port Beleno, and about fix Leagues Eaftward of Conception. |
3- St. Foy, twelve Leagues more to the South, where the Spaniards mele their
Gold, and caftitinto Barsor Ingots,
4. Carlos, 2Town they have upon the Coaftof Mare del Zur.
§- Philippina, another on the Weft of Carlos ;both of thefe feated upon. a large
capacious Bay. before which. there lie certain little Iflands, to. the number of
thirty or more,which the Spaniards are {aid to have wholly difpeepled long fince,by
forcing the Natives over into the Continent to work in the Mynes, as ufually they
did before the Emperor's Prohibition : but now they ufe Slaves or Negro's, which
they buy for that purpofe from Guinee and other Parts, |

Sect. VIL, |
-Guatimala, properly fo call'd.
Uatimala, {pecially fo call’d, hath on the Weft the River Xicalapa, which di- Bounds of
the Coustry,
- vides it from Vera Pax ;on the Eaft it is bounded with the Countrey.of
Nicaragua ; onthe North, with Honduras ; and on the South, with Mare
delZur, <i | ; ’
| This

le
 236 AMERICA. Char 1
This Countrey was conquer’d by Peter de Alvarado, Anno 1525.1t issby reafon of its
neighborhood with Vera Paz,not altogether clear of Mountains,but otherwife well
water'd with Rivers, and enrich’d with fair and fruitful Valleys, which afford not
onely good Pafturage, and many great Herds of Cattel, but likewife good ftore of
Wheat,Maia, and other Fruits of the Earth. Great plenty of Cotton-Wool is generals
ly both here and in the other Provinces; viz. Vera Paz, Chiapa, &c. fome Medicinal
Woods likewife, and Liquors, and abfolutely the beft Sulphur in America. The Peas
ple are generally tractable and well difpos’d, both in point of Religion and ciyil
Government. | + : i oe
Towns of
note, The Towns of chief note are 1. Guatimala,now call’d St. Jago de Guatimala fince the
re-building thereof ; for about the Year 1586. ic was almoft buried in Afhes, which
one of the neighboring Mountains, for the’ {pace of fix Moneths together, conti-
nually -belch’d out in fuch fearful quantities, that ‘many People were flain,
the old ‘City deferted, and a new one built in another place. The day before this
‘fad Accident hapned, the neighboring Mountains were obferv’d to fhiver, anda
great noile was heard from under Ground ; which amazing the Indians, the news
thereof was carried to the Bifhop, Francifcus Moroquin, who narrowly enquiring
into the Caufes of thefe Accidents, and what they might portend, found that
a fad Event would’ fuddenly follow, as accordingly it did, for’ about mide
night on the eighth of Augu/t, Anno'1541. fuch a mighty ftore of Rain fell, as if
the Clouds had been -all diffolv’d into Water, which came rowling ‘from the
Rocky Mountains with firch violence; thatit ‘wafh’d down great Stones, which
carried on by the:ftrength of the Water againft the Houfes, beat themdown ; and
none could have feen how they were rnin’d, had not the mighty flafhes of Light
-_—
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ee
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ning, follow’d by terrible claps of Thunder, lighted the Night. Some. inftantly
vis
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eas
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-_—

._
.a
deferting this miferable place, fled up into thé Countrey, and there built a new
Guatimala (as aboveemention’d) fur-nam’d St. Jago, three Leagues farther towards
ad~~

the Eaft, in a Valley through which flow two Rivers, between two Vulcans, or
{moaking Mountains, which fometimes vomit forth terrible Flames, mix’d with
dreadful Thunder-claps, Afhes, and great Stones, infornuch that the Ground all
about it; which is exceeding fruitful, feemsto move. There are many of thefe
Vulcans in feveral parts of America, as namely at Arequipa in the Kingdom of Peru,
at Puebla de los Angelos, in the Provinee of Tlafcalla abovelaid, a Mountain of fo great
heighth, that they are fain to go little lefsthan thirty Leagues turning and wind:
before they can reach the top of it, and othets in feveral other places. They are ge-
nerally Mountainsof great heighth, and running fharp upwards, but at the top
containing fome quantity of plain and level Ground ; in the midft whereof is a Pit
or Hole; out of which abundance of Smoak and fiery Sparkles are vomited almoft
continually, and fodeep, that they are {uppos’d for the moft part to reach to the
very bottom of the Mountain. Some of thefe Vulcans caft forth neither Fire nor
Smoak, yet are clearly feen to burn-at the bottom with a quick Fire, and which is
fo extreamly hot, thar it inftantly melteth Iron, or any other Metal that is caft into
it, as by experience hath been found : for fome conceiving that the Matter which
maintains thefe Fires within the Bowels of the Earth fo long together, can beno-
thing elfe but melted-Gold, have endeavor'd feveral times to extra& and drawit
forth in certain Veffels of Iron and Brafs, which they have caus’d to be ler down
into the bottom of the Vulcan or Pit, by long Iron Chains made on purpofe: but,
as we faid, the extream heat and force of the Fire below always melted them before
they could’be'drawn up again, and by'that means hath rendred allfuch Attempts
fruftrate. In this Town, now call’d St. Jago, refide above fix hundred Spanifh Com-
manders,
 Chaps IV. AMERICA, 237
manders, and more than twenty five thouland Indians which pay Tribute. They
have alfo a brave Church and two Cloyfters, one belonging to the Dominicans, and
another to the Order La Merced’, and likewife a noble Hojfpital. Nort far from
thence is a place:call’d-Yealeos, where there are Orchards of Cacoa two Leagues
in
fquare; each of them: producing yearly as much as fifty thoufand
Men are able
to carty. ‘They reckon the Cacua by Contels, which is the number of four hundre
d ;
by Xequipiles, of eight thoufand ; and by Carga’s, of twenty four thoufand. In this
County is a Mountain, whofe top {moaking continually confumes by degree
s, and
oftentimes covers the neighboring Countrey with Afhess The Water which
flows
from the fame differs very much, for fome.of it is wholfom and fic todrin
k ; fome
foul and ftinking, and fome.turas Wood, if laid in the fame, to Stone.
Here is
alfo the Beaft whofe: Head is highly efteem’d for the Bexaar-Stone, which
it car-
ries in the fame. Here is likewife a little Bear, which in ftead of a Mouth
, hatha
Jong Nofe with a round Holein it, and a hollow Tongue, with which it
fucks
Honey, and difturbs the Nefts of Pifmires.. The Women in this Place: make
curi-
ous Earthen Ware, colour’d either red or black with the Mud of two
feveral |
Brooks, .; ‘The Indians call’d the boyling Fountains in this County Hell, becaufe
they
bubble.up a Bowes+fhot high, and make the River Caliente. which, notwit
hftand.
ing it hath pafs'd half a League’ through a wide Channel, retains its exceed
ing
heats Not. far from it lies a Stone:, which having a Crack in the middle
, fends
forth a thick Damp, and againft bad Weather a thundering noife. On the Moun-
tains grow exceeding large Trees, efpecially Oak. Here Pifmires which are of
an
extraordinary bigne(s, are brought to Market.amongft other Provifions.
2. St. Salvador, forty Leagues diftant from Guatimala Eaftward, and feated
upon
the River Guacapa, and having about it a {mall Territory, which by fome
is ac-
counted a diftiné Countrey or Province.
3» Acaputla, a Town of the Natives, fituated at the Mouth of the River,
and be.
ing as it were, the PorteTownto St. Salvador. , | |
~ 4 Trinidad, a Town of great refort, being the greateft Empory and Place
of
Traffick for all forts of Commodities, betwixt the People of New Spain and thofe”
of Peru. re 3 |
J+ St. Michaels, two or three Leagues diftant from the Bay Fonfeca, upon the
South Sea. |
6. Xeres dé la Frontera, onthe Confines ofthis Province, towards the Borders of
Nicaragua, befides feveral Villages which we fhall have occafion to mention.
In the middle of a Lake within this Territory is an Ifland, on-which the Indians
had’a Tradition, That a Man no foonet fet his Foot but he died immediately :
which: Opinion of theirs ‘was chang’d when the Spaniards went thichér in Boatfulls
and return’d fafeagain, with Relation that they had feen a large Stone Image,
’re-
fembling.a Woman; before which lay the Afhes and Bones of {lain People.
Round about the Village Guaymoco grow great Ballom-Trees, which afford
Timber of fifty five Foot long. From this Village leads a Way tothe City Sulva-
dor, ‘near which the fore-mention’d River Guachapa runs with fo many windings,
that the Traveller is forc’d: to crofs the fame feveral times before he can
come to
the Foot of aMountain which formerly caft out terrible Flames ; but now the
combuftible Matter being confum’d, there appears onely a great Hole
on che top,
with Afhesin a large compafs round aboutit. At the Foot of the{am
e are two Pits,
one of which fmoaks continually in fuch amanner, that it ftifles all thofe
that ap-
proach it; yet the Mountain is well over{pread with Cedars and Pine-Trees.
Three Leagues farther lies the Village Nixapa; and not far from thence the
Bb Hill
 AMERICA. Chap. V.
rfully mixt toge-
Hill Elmal Pais, which confifts of great Stones and Afhes, wonde
till Morning, and
ther: No lefs wonderful isa Brook which flows in the Night
is another, which hides
then finks into the Ground : And in the Countrey Choluteca
Cavern which formerly
it felf at Noon, and appears again towards Night. The
Village Curcatan, and
produc’d Fire and Smoke, now affords good Water to the
caft upAllom
City Salvador: Near the Village Yztepegve are five Springs, which
flock to the
and Sulphur. The Natives Chontales which {peak feveral Languages,
are two Pits, one of
Village Mimilla, to make Offerings; not far from hence
Cocori lies
which is full of boyling Water, and the other as cold as Ice: Moreover,
od
near a high Mountain, on the top of which is a very turbulent Lake.
Havens, The chiefeft Haven of thisCountrey, which lies along’ the South-Sea,. is Bahia
Ros
de Fonfeca, Difcover’d by Gonfalves Davila, Anno 1522+ and fo nam’d from Foan
drigas de Fonfeca, Bifhop of Burgos; In the middle thereof appears the Ifland Petro~
nella, with nine others, of which four are inhabited by Indians.
The good conveniency of the Haven. Fonfeca, induc’d fome of the Spaniards
2
to
ern, vigy
make a new Paflage from the fide of the Southern Ocean, to the North
Fonfeca,
from Panama to Nombre de Dios, defigning it to reach from the faid Haven
unto Puerto de Carellos, which are diftant one from the other forty five Leagues ;
made
moft of it good way, except fome over-grown Mountains, which might be
n-
paflable with little trouble; to which purpofe they built the Town Buena Espera
ca, yet neverthelefs the Work remain’d unprofecuted. 2 8 sto
Provinces
There are moreover reckon’d as appertaining to Guatimala, the {mall
Soconu{co, Suchitepec, and Chilulteca, the chief of them being Soconufco, to which be-
longs the Town of Gevetlan, where the Spanifh Governor hath his Refidence; the
reft fem to be onely {mall Territories about Towns of the fame Name, in like
manner as St. Salvador, and St. Miguel beforeemention’d. Iie
‘

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Spain, the chiefeft part of the Northern Aneriea, reckons in length from
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the EaftePoint of Yucatan; tothe place where Mechoacon juts againft Gua-
New-Spats,
‘
roy &
tl i?
dalajara three hundred and fixty Leagues; and in breadth from. the
Northern parts of Panucos, to the Southern Ocean, a hundred and eighty Leagues;
4
1s. j
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befides a great part which lies to the Northward, behind inacceflable Mountains
+ !
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and Wilderneffes ,;inhabired by the Tepecuaenes, Guachucules, Cacateguas, Tecaxquines,

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and others, and was, before the Spaniards Conquer’d and Difmember’d it, much,
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larger than now it is; for as much as it comprehended the whole Province of
New-Gallicia, and reach’d from the furtheft Point of the Peninfula of Fucatan South
ward as far as New-Bifcay , and the Confines of Califormia Northward ; containing
in length feven hundred Leagues and more, and about half as much in breadth :
But fince the Conqueft by Hernando Cortez and his Followers, the whole Countrey
of New-Gallicia is taken from it, and madea difting& Government ‘or Audiencia, «as
‘ | .
the Spaniards call it, of it felf.
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 Chap: Ve (i“stiCAA EE ROTO 239
The Natives of the Countrey are of the Race of the Chichiece; a Salvage and The Orginal,

Wilde fort of People, of the Province of New-Gallicia, efpecally in the Parts of

New-Bifcay, living in Forefts and in deep Caves under Ground whofe Pofterity do
ftillatthis day much trouble and annoy the Countrey thereabuts; notwithftand-
ing all the endeavors of the Spaniards, and the Garrifons whic they keep in thofe
parts on purpofe to deftroy them, About five hundred years agsor more,according
to the account of the Mexican Annals, divers Hoards,as they areall’d, of thefe Chichie
mece, weary, it feems, of their Woods and fubterraneous dwelings, iffu’d out into
the more open Air, and fell down in huge multitudes into yefe Southerly parts
of America, which are now call’d Mexico and New-Spain ; not <l at once, but at fe-
veral times, and under feveral names, viz. of the Suchimilci, Chlee,Tepanece, Tlafcal-
_tece, and others, who fubduing or driving out the People they ound in thofe parts;
Seated themfelves in their room :, And though at firlt every Jation or Company
of them, as they came, feiz’d upon fome Province apart by nemfelves, and held
it, as it were, in Soveraignty to themfelves, without acknowtdgement ‘of any des
pendance or Shiehion to their Neighbors, or thofe that wen there before them ,
yet in Tract of time, and by fortune of the Wars, which the) made one upon an-
other, they fell under the Government of one King, viz, theKing of Mexico,
whith was the chief City of the Province.
_ This Kingdom, at the time that the Spaniards firft Diteovedt the Countrey, was The ftate of
the Mexican
Govern’d by a Prince, nam’d Motezuma; one, who by his Vala and good fuccefs in Kingdom be
fore the spat
the Wars, had in a few years of his Reign, before the Spaniarls came thither, fubs wiards arri-
v

du’d the better part of a hundred Cities and great Towns tohis Dominion; and
held in aétual fubmiffion to his Government, and Tributaryto him, no lefs than
thirty feveral Cafiques or petty Princes; every one of which ptid him Tribute, and.
were able upon occafion to bring into the Field an hundred tioufand Men: Heis
faid to have been, for his Perfon, a wife and good Prince, juf, affable, and tender
of his Subjectsgood: but by hits of fome heavy exaétions,which his own pow- |
er,and the Pragtife of his Anceftors before him,gave him the jonfidence to Impofe
upon the Conquer’d People, a great part of his Subjegts liv’d but unwillingly un-
der his Obedience, and rather by conftraint than otherwife :being alfo further exe
afperated againft him by one barbarous Cuftom, which tie Mexicans frequently :
us'd, viz. the Sacrificing of Men. Their manner was, wheifoever they had any
folemn occafion of doing Honor to their Devil-god Vitziloprhtli, as they call him,
to fend out an Army of Men from Mexico, into fome of the fubdu’d Provinces, (in
cafe they had no Enemies nearer Hand) and to fetch in'as many Men as they
thought good, to be Sacrific’'d; whofe fleth likewife afterwards they did eat ina
folemn Banquet. This being a bufinefs of their Satanical Religion, and Motezuma
a Prince extremely Superftitious and Devoted to the Service of his gods, it is faid,
that he Sacrific'd commonly, one yeat with another, twenty thoufand Men, and
fome years, upon extraordinary occafions, not lefs than fifty choufand: So great
and grievous a Tyranny, by the juft Judgementand Permiflion of Almighty God,
for their great and unnatural fins, did the Enemy of Mankind exercife upon them.
He was likewife much given to Women, but it was onely to fuch as were counted
his Wives, of whichhe is faid to have had no lefs than a hundred and fifty with
Child by him, at one time.
The Bounds of this Kingdom at prefent are thus, on the Baft it hath a large The bounds
of the Afesi-
Arm of the Sea, which they call The Bay ofNew- Spat, or The Gulf of Mexico; On can Kingdom.

the Weft, ir hath fome parts of New-Gallicia, and Mare del Zur; on the North, the
reft of New-Gallicia, and part of Florida; and on the South, beh del Zur again, and
Bb2 | part
 40 CO”*| A ae
- part of Guatimala. Itxcendeth it felf in length from Jucatan South-Eaft, to the Bors
ders.of New GalliciaNorthward, above eight -hundred® Italian Miles, and in breadth,
from Panuco to the Suuth Sea, about half fo much. ‘It ‘lieth wholly under the Tors
rid Zone »-nor is it ACountrey generally fo mountainous or high feated, as fome
others of America ard but forthe moft part level‘or low ;' yet’ is it fo fann’d, (for
three partsat leaft o four, by the cooling Blafts of the Sea, and the Heats other —
wife fo moderated th frequent’ Rains, which it‘hath conftantly three Moneths in.
lee
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the Year, viz. June, ply;and Auguft) thatthe Airisrendred thereby exceeding tem-
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perate, andthe Clinkce nov unhealthful,efpecially to temperate Bodies, and fuch as

Riches of are never forlittle ugbtoit, A goodly Countreyitis, of inexhauftiblé Wealth and
Mexico.
Riches, whether we egard the Mynes of Gold, Silver, Brafs, Iron, &e. of all
6a
aol
‘4 es
(ele ni- ~
2= ~
which at hath man} and very good; or the Fruits of the Barth, abundance of
Cattel, plenty of Cofvand Grain, of which they have two Harveits ; or any other
ee
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Commodities and Edewments of Nature, which ferve for the enriching’ of the
World. Amongft otfer things} it affords €a/fia, the Fruit whereof is a thing well
knowg,and much copmended by the Apothecaries for’ its ufe in Phyfick; efpecially
in Pargations, and qmoving of all Obftrucions of Phlegin, Choler, ec. Such
ftore of Balm, Amb¢,all forts of Gums and precious Liquors,asno Countrey in
the World is better firnifh’d with excellenr’ Perfumes and Phyfick, than the King-
dom.of New Spain. ‘4: ASU Oe et) 3
\
) :
'
fin w-Tree, Amongsthe many }ther forts of Trees which this Counttey produces, the moft
remarkable is their Tigas, of which, there being five kinds, one is call’d (umbeba,
:
: )
:

:
:
:
from whence proceed that admirable Tinéture, commonly known by the Name
’
‘
:
Of Cochinele, which is thus made : On the top of this Tree is found a Worm, which
hath theibignefs and {lape of agreat Loufe, which fo increafes, that in one years
;

&
'
i
time a hundred Treesfhall be ftock’d from the feed of one of thefe Animals. The
Worm, itfelf being white, after the Skin is carefully pull’d off, put in cold Water
i]

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or Afhes, and fo dry’d becomes Cochinele. The beft fort of it is tobe had in Tlafcala,
a
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aid
un andithat in fo great a yuantity, that nolefs than five or fix hundred Arrobes of Spa-
' fen i
nd
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nifh Meafure (each Aijobe is as much as five Englifh Buthels) is yearly Tran{ported
thence. The other for, which growson the Mountains, and that which is not fo
Ti ‘ "ay
Pek a
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carefully gather'd, calfd Chichimecas, Dyes not fo well as the right (ochinele. The
Ty fh, Sy ee
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Tunas alfo bearsa Fruitlong and whitifh, with a {mooth Shell, and full of lit-
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of; tle Seeds like Figs: The red, which are inferior in tafte to the white, colours the
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Urine red.
The Pine-Apples which grow here differ from the Spanifh, for the Pulp is nat
; - i

aay.
Pine-Apples,
:

inclos’d in a Shell: They have a pleafant {mell, and a Pulp, which if eaten much
—
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r,- ord
-
of, caufes an Appetite, jit being of a tartifh tafte ; theykeep good a long time when
aeie
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ll
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oul
|ae Salted. ) athe
But much more beneficial is the Cacao, with which Fruit New Spain drives a great
a
—-
a
nied
De
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Fruit Cacao,
Trade; nay, ferves for Coin’d Money. When they deliver a Parcel of Cacao, they
tell them by five, thirty, and a hundred. Their Charity to the Poor never exceeds
above one Cacuo-Nut. The chief reafon for which this Fruit’ is fo highly efteem’d,
is for the Chocolate, whith is made of the fame, without which the Inhabitants (be-
ing fo us’dto it) are nor able to live, notwithftanding it caufes Phlesm and Vo-
miting to thofe that are ftrangers thereto. When the Englif> Commander Thomas
Candifh coming into the Haven Guatulco, burnt two hundred thoufand Tun of Cacao,
it prov’d no {mall lofs toall New Spain, the Provinces Guatimala and Nicaragua not
producing fo much ina whole year. The Trees on which this Fruit grows are di-
vided into four forts, differing in bignefsand fhape: all of them are very tender,
for
 a oe ee eee — ee ts
4 7

for they will not abaly grow in no place but on sheieafual ound)G bet cannot en-
dure the cold Nights Storms, or excefles of Heat ;wherefore the Cacao-Trees which
grow out of the Fruit that falls off, come to no , perfedtion, except in fhady and.
warm Valleys; which is alfo the reafon why the Planters of New Spain plant the
great Leafy Tree (acaoquanthly (that is, The Mother ofthe Cacao’s) near the Cacao-Tree,
that it miay the better grow under the Shadow thereof ; in which manner whole
Woods are planted : Inthe fecond year it bears Fruit, which is rt ripe in January,
and again in the midft of Summer. Amongft the baie forts the chiefelt is Quathuitl,
of an indiffent heighth, and full of fharp-pointed. Leaves, which are faft to the
Boughs without Stalks, and bearsa great Flower of a yellowifh colour, which fal-
ling off, leaves long, cough, and hairy Threds behind them, out of which growsthe
Cacavently, a Fruit which is oval, heavy like a-Melon, of a Saffron-colour, of a fat
and thick Juice, a bitterifh, yet pleafant'tafte, and very cooling ; being dry’d in
the Sun it is thereby made fit to keep; it is likewife highly efteem’d,becaufe the Cho-
colate is made of the fame. . Before the Spaniards made.them({elves Matters of Mexico,
noother Drink was efteem’d but,that of the Cacao; none caring for Wine, not-
withftanding the Soil produces Vines every where if great abundance of ic. felf.
But befides the Quathuil, New Spain hath three other forts of Cacao-Trees, viz, Meca-
nal, pleafant to behold for its heighth, large Leaves andiFruit ; the next.isthe Xo-
chucaual, which is lefs than the former; and laftly the leaft fort, which is call’d
Halcacabyal. The Fruit of thefe four forts of Trees, though differing in fhape, yet
is all one in power and operation.
The Spaniards to make (hocolate mix Maiz (by the Mexicans call’d Tlaolli) either
whole or Ground, or boyl’d before with Chalk. * Moreover, they put the red Kere
nels alfo in the Baek which grow in the Fruit of the Achiote-Tree.. Of the Kernels,
which are dry and cooling, boyl’d in Water, and ftirr’d till it comes toa Pap, they
‘make Cakes, which mix *d.with the Chocolate} gives it a cleanfing power, and takes
away all taftes that caufe vomiting.
|, The Pepper Mecaxochite, which grows creeping along the Earth; with long and
Bb 3 fragrant
 dan AMERICA. ‘Chap.V.
fragrant Leaves, round Stalks, hairy Roots, and three long Cods which fhoot up-
wander cBhis Pepper tempers the over- a ia property of the Chocolate. Laftly,
ic confilts alfo of Xuchinacatlis, Tlilxochitle, and the Rozenifh Gum, Holl. The Xocina-
catli is a“Exee with fmall Leaves, and great Flowers hanging on long Stalks that
bend downwards, within of a purple, and without of a dark-green colour, of a
{weet {mell sand refeinbling an Ear ;and this Flower alfo gives a pleafant tafte and
whol{om operation to the Ghacolate. The Tlilxochitle runs up to the tops of Trees
like Ivy;the Flowers, of a darkifh brown colour, cleanfe the Nerves, ftrengthen
the Brain, and raked way the rawnels ofthe Stomacha The Holli drops out of the
Holquabuytle, a {mooth barky Tree full of Moifture, which at firft appearance is
white, then yellowifh, and laftly black, which kneaded into round Balls and
| Roafted, is a remedy againft a Loofnefs and forenefs of the Bowels.
ore
Sy The Natives of the Countrey ate very ingenious in divers mechanical Arts,
efpecially in making of Feather-Pictures, a piece of Curiofity wherein they are held
to be incomparably,or rather inimitably excellent ;and fo induftrious at it, thatal-
though the Americans generally are not a People over-much addiéted to any kind of
Labor or Study, yet at this they will fica whole day together, without either
Meat or Drink , onely Qut ofa natural affection they have to the Work, and a defire
to be excellent in it; iw he Countrey indeed affords them great variety of Birds
and other Fowl, of molt rare and exquifite Colours, which is a great advantage to
their Skill, and helps much to the accomplifhment of their Work. They Paine |
likewife veryccurioufly upon their Cottons, arid are held'to be generally the beft
Gold(miths in. the World; .of molt perfed skill inthe purging ahd refining of all
forts of Metals, but» efpecially of Gold and Silver: And yet'in other things fo
ftrangely ftupidsand ignorantjthat when the Spaniards firft appeared amongft them,
not’a few of them: (a$)’cis\reported). took the Horfe and’ Man both for one Opek.
tiiré\y and. when the ioe Neighed, they would énquire wey PERRET wwitesa
faidh |
Takesof uD hete are‘ikiwwife hanesfair Lakes in this Province, be the principal techie
af Chapala and ‘Mexico 3 the former of which isin the more Northern parts of che .
Kingdom, towards the Borders of New Gallicia, and is chiefly famous for the abit
dance of good Salt chat is yearly made and Tranfported thence. The other of
Mexicoo is:one of the largett and ivoodlieft in the: World, of circular forth’ ‘(as
forme, {ay) litele lefs than nine hundred Miles in compafs, environ’d with the main
Land, the Peninfula, ot Cape of Florida, jucatan, and the Ifland (uba, having two
onely Paflagés:i and ott, and both of them well fortifi'd : the one betwixt the
Point of ficatan and the Ifle:Cuba, where the Tyde violently enters; and the other
betwixt che: faid Ifland: and the Cape‘of Florida, where it gotth: as Violently out >Ups
en which Golf the Kingoof Spain hath: always forme good Shipsin readinefs for’aM
occafionsi;; and by them *tis fuppos "dj he doth more affurehis Eftates in
i thofeBe
of intica: ithan.by all the Garrifons befides.
r |
voy The wihale Kingdomeof ‘Mexico, -or New Spal is fabdivided into ehefeInferior
Provinces
Thefeveral:" qaggio The Atch-bifhoprick sof Mexico. 2. The Bithoprick’, Mechoacon. 3. Los
zhi or. a vatGRaToen Sa‘The reac esl And 6. pie.Scotaaee
eae 7
‘Mexica,! re chsinf:Pithvinve of Neiw.Spain: {6 deliesinates ssovated the: chit |
City, not only-of the Province, batiof all\America’, lying between Tlafeale‘and Me-
choacan, extends in length from North to South, Bhindred and feventeen Leagues;
and in Probar along the Southern oti feventeen, but up in the Countrey, fifty
four |
 me RN wane Wes 3

si

}iit
1M" Aahf M
} ian
tad—
4
RRO UY
————

pad
° an
meeivintiras EW

er
ihe. SFP S. Sage S: Diego S. Marisls Redonda & Padves
deleCom®4§for Cile ios S. Lilyfinfe Si a She A keConception | 8. Offztulee¢ for Oipitel Real de Ios Tndsis dN Sencra del anorda Doris del Sper
steSente |so, Colggis alde Zantos 5.Juande Latran
{a S. yy. S. Fable S.- weg 7 S CF € Raw alrsnorits 7 fon Meg, Leetleread p N efeaioss San: Culp Santa de Juande Dors dele Miferuerdes de Tipokto yd 3. Lazare Suma 3 , A. o Real ,
3» Conmentes de ss gi fee Se lad 3 i 6. Wite/fte Semon del Carmo. ¢ © Mencerrate Si ¢ 9 Faregass 2.5. Cetherina Martir y le Mera. Cras . PB. Grthcered
 S
+ E
nce em ee See
:

ow
— .
ee
eea Ss
Chap. V. AMER ICA.
four Leagues: In which circumference lie to the North-Eaft, Latevtlalpa, Mexti»
slan, Xilotepeque, and Panuco ; Weltward, Matalzingo, and Cultepeque; Eaftward, Tuz-
coco; South-Ealt, (halco ; Southward, Suchimilco, Tlaluc, Coyxca, and Acapulco.
It is bounded on the Eaft, with the Guif of Mexico, on the Welt, with Mechog- Mixicaza,
Barts of
can; onthe North, with Panuco, and fome parts of New-Gallicia; and on the South,
with Tlafcalla. .
This Countrey is both large and rich, containing not much lefs than one hune Get
dred and thirty Leagues, both in length and breadth; and ifit yields any ching to
Peru in the plenty of Gold and Silver, -’tis certain. it much excels it.in many other
Commodities ; as namely, in all forts of Fruits, abundance of Cattel, plenty of
Corn and Grain ; in all which, the advantage this Countrey hath, not only of Pe-
ra, but of all the other Provinces of America befide, is well known: Not to {peak
any thing of thegreat plenty and variety of good Fifh, which both the Rivers and
Lakes of this Countrey afford, which is yery great; infomuch, that the very Tri-
bute of the one Lake of Mexico is {aid to yield an Income of above twenty thoufand
Crowns yearly, one with another.
The People of the ‘Countrey are generally Induftrious and Aétive, efpecially
fince the Spaniards came among them; rich Merchants, if they apply themf{elves to
it; and they fay likewifegood Soldiers, when they are train’d and imploy’d that
way: |
The chief Towns and places of the Province are, 1. México, both anciently and Cpitf Towns
at prefent, the Metropolis:and Capital City, being the Seat of an Archbifhop, and
the ordinary Refidence of the Vice-Roy, and chief Governors of New-Spain.
This City, by the Indians was formerly call’d Tenu/tatan, lies in nineteen Degrees (yeh
and a half to the Northward of the Aguinoétial-Line’, rais’d our of a brackifh Lake, “"*
full of muddy Waters: whofe>citcumference along the Mountains is feventy
Leagues: This Lake {warms continually with Boats, which carry the People to
nd again from one inhabited Ifland to another; four Stone-bridges, no lefs coft-
ly than artificial, with Arches and Gates in feveral places, lead from the City to
the Main Continent. la ae :
we: The freth Water which they fave in the City Mexico, is led into the fame through
Pipes that li¢ inthe bottom of the Lake, but none are to enjoy the benefit thereof,
before they have paid a certain Sum of Money to the King’s Collectors. sink a
Moreover, the City divided into Iflands, contains above fixty thoufand Houfes,
which being built on feveral Ifles,have large Bridges, which reach from one to ano=
ther; fome that lie inthe middle of the Lake, they approach in little Boats; round
about the Lake, efpecially where the:way leads from the Continent into the City,
lie feveral. Suburbs , all inclos’d with Walls, between which ftand ftrong Towers,
cover'd on the top: To’keep off the force of the Water, the Tenn/tatans have with
great labor and charge,made a Bank through the Lake,half way along the City: Buc
the Lake Laguna; from whofe bottom Mexico is rais'd, is divided in two parts, the
Sweet Lake} which is higher than the Salt, falls in to the fame through Sluces, with
Bridges built on the Bank that leads from the City to the main Land: The Sult-
Lake, whichhath brackifh and bitter Water, ebbs and flows according as the Wind
blows. no Fifh isable to live in the fame, becaufe the Water which’ in the fight
of Mexico falls into the fame out of the Mountains, hath a falphury Ground: All
along the fhore, much Salt is made, with which the Citizens drive a.great Trade:
There are continually above a hundred thoufand Boats (by the Indians call’d Acales,
and by the Spaniards ,Canoos) going off and on from one fhore toanother: The frefh
Water Lake, which is bigger than the falt, and feeds {mall Fifhes, hath aboye fits
ty
 SS

AMERICA. Chap. V5
ten
ty Suburbs about the fame, of which, fome boaft five thoufand, and others
thoufand Houfes: Nay, the Suburb Te/cuco, in former times was no way inferior
they ftopt
to Mexico in bignefs; fince the Spaniards have been Mafters of this City, |
;
up many Moats, co inlarge their narrow Streets.
Befides three publick Markets, every open place affords all forts of Provifions
firft
daily , the Indians call the Markets Tianguy/tly, and the Spaniards, Tranguer; the
in the mid-
and chiefelt ftands in Tatelulco, adorn’d with Galleries on three fides ,
next to the
dle of this Square, which is accounted the biggeft in the World, ftands
d
place of Execution, a ftately Fountain ; the Tents which are evety Week pitch’
up here for Trade, amount to above thirty thoufand. The fecond Market call’d
St. John’s, isin Mexico, and {warms continually with People. The third is call’d
Hipolito, from the Guardian-Saint of the City, whither every Wednefday and Thurf-
day comes fuch a multitude of People, that this {pacious Market is too little for
them ; for the fale of every Commodity , a peculiar corner is allotted; but great
> 4h
Packs are left to be difpos’d of in Boats, which lie near the fhore.
At.the four corners of the City, at prefent call’d St. Fobn, St..Maria la Rotonda,
thirty
St. Pablo, and St. Sebajtian, are above four thoufand Spanifh Families, and
a giok
thoufand Indians, befides what inhabit Tatelulco, now St. Jago.
is generally Se-
The Tempe-
The Air in this place is very ftrange ; in the day time, the Sky
rene; the North Wind againft the Evening brings Rain, of which the Mountain
rature of the

Tepeaquilla lying a little League beyond the City , gives certain Teftimonies; for
when a black Cloud appears on the top thereof, it is certain to be blown from
thence over Mexico with Rain: After a moift Evening follows a Star-light Night,
and a pleafant Morning : From September till May, it is generally dry Weather here,
but if it chances to Rain, the Rain is attended with a Storm, which occafions
di-
a fulphurous Fogg , very unwholfom, and fo dark , that one Man cannot
it
{cern another, and caufes a pain through all the Limbs, nay fometimes Death
felf,; wherefore, whenfoe’re it approaches, every one keeps clofe in his Houfe, or
goes into the Countrey. | a
Moreover, it is worthy of obfervation, how ftrangely this City is alter’d fince
its being Gonquer’d by the Spaniards, and efpecially when Anno 1629. it was over-
to the
flow’d by a mighty Deluge ; which alteration by Barnabe Cabo, in a Letter
Fefuite Hernande Leon, is thus fet forth:
Baruabe Cabo
Mexico, fays he, lying in a Valley between high Mountains, hath feventy
Leagues in circumference: The Valley being Oval, is for the moft pare inter-
his Defcri-
ption of

{pers’d with Lakes, which the Indians, and after them the Spaniards have digg’d, only
Mexico,

the Lake which wafhes Mexico is natural and to ftop the Warer-falls, there are
and
Banks and Sltces.every where :. The Flood before Mexicalcingo flows a Fathom
a half higher than before Mexico. The four other Lakes to the Northward’ have
much more Water than the Mexicalcingo, of which, fome have {catce four, others
but three Leagues in circumference, when as Mexicalcingo’s Lake reckons fifteen;
and Mexico’s fixteen. On the breaking of the Banks, Mexico hath often fuffer’d great
damage, wherefore the Vice-Roy de Valefco took {pecial care to make a vent for
the Water through the loweft Mountains, whereupon the Countrey being Sur-
the moft
vey'd, the Northern Coaft nedr the Village Gueguenoca , Was found to be
could
convenient. But about the manner of letting the Water out, the Surveyors
no ways agree; moft of them were of opinion to dig Channels, into which the
Lakes might difcharge their Waters ; others, thought beft to make a Gutter under
the Labo-
Ground, which laft Velafca putin hand with unhappy fuccefs, becaufe
ers who under-min’d the Ground, were choak’d with the falling in of the Sand,
of
:
BR:
 Chap. V: - AMERICA. xo 145
or ftifled with the fulphurous Vapors rifing out of the Earth : Neverthelefs, they
ave not over the Work though they began it quite another way,for a FrencheMan,
call’d Henry Martin, advis’d to deepen the River Quaiotitlan, which falls into the
Laguna, and by that means make it a Bay, into which the Laguna might pour her
over-charg’d Waters: Which defign,though contradicted by the Jefuic John Sanchez,
was put in practice; by which means the Water fell in a (hore time fo much, that
they could walk dry to the CliffE!Ponnel, lying a League from the City; where-
fore they continually labour’d on this Work, cill fuch time as Conde de Getues came
over for Vice-Roy , who judg’d the Charge to be unneceflary , nay Commanded
the Ditches to be broken down, which ftopt the Water along the Silver Mines of
Pachuca, that he might fee exactly how much it would over-Aow Mexico: After Aoxien one
which the Flood rofe yearly higher and higher; till at laft, Anno 1629. a mighty
Rain falling, {wole the Laguna in fuch a manner, that it over-whelm’d all Mexico,
wath’d down the Houfes, all Merchandizes which could not endure the Water,
were {poil’d, and had not they had innumerable Boats to help them, thoufands of
People might have perifh’d in this Deluge: But at laft, Alenry Martin reftor’d
again the fore-mention’d Channel to its former Perfection, and brought the Flood
which fell down out of the Mountains within the Banks of the River.
Quantitlan digo’d alfo a Channel of eight thoufand Fathom long, and made an
Arch’d Sewer under Ground of the fame length, which Sewer hath at every two.
hundred Fathoms diftance, Vent-holes,and a hole of fixty Fathom deep, and by this
means, diverting abundance of Water, they dry’d Mexicoin a fhort time : When the
Banks and Streets began no fooner to appear, but they fell to work to: raife the
Ground, and to lay Bridges, and.alfoto build more Boats. The Citizens like-
wife found it convenient to make another deep Sewer for the carrying away of
more Water, notwithftanding it requir’d twenty years labor. The River, which in
amanner runs through the middle of the City, is curb’d by a Wall; a crooked
Bridge, with many Arches, and of a long extent, leads to the City, in which ftand Stately Piles
many brave Palaces, with pleafant Walks of T'rees about them; the Cloyfters of
feveral Orders of Fryers, appear with high Spires and Turrets, above all other
Buildings. |
The Francifcans have here four very famptuous Buildings : The firt,Confecrated and Mom:
to St. Francis, ftands in the uppermoft part of Mexico, within a large {quare Court, Hi
andon each a pleafant Walk of Trees: The Cloyfter it felf is very high, and treb.
\ ble. Wall'd., with Towers and Galleries about it: In the middle of the City
\tands another Tower'd-Cloyfter, call’d St. Jago. The third lies a little diftance
from it, which being built long, hath a ftately Turret, and is call’d Maria de Rodon-
das The fourth, not far from the firft, but much fmaller, is nam’d San Diego; thefe
belong to the Francifcans. The Augu/tin Monks are alfo no way inferior to the Fran-
cifcans, for magnificent Struétures, with fpacious Halls, high Towers, and rich
Balconies: The firft is denominated from St. Augu/fine, juft behind which appears
San Pabla, lefs ftately than the reft. St. Seba/tian, near the Laguna, is built in mannet
like a Church, whofe Tower ends like a Pyramid. The Cloyfter San Cruz, belong-
ing alfo to the Augu/tines, built fquare, ftands near the Market, in the middle of
which ftands a ftately Fountain: The Court within inviron’d with thick Walls,
amazes the beholders by the pleafantnefs of its fituation.
Moreover, the Dominicans inhabit two brave Cloyfters, the chiefeft Dedicated to
St. Dominic, is eight {quare ; to which is adjoyning a pretty large Church, witha
Steeple: The fecond, which ftands on one fide of St. Jago, and confifts of three fez
veral Structures, is call’d Collegio de Porta Celi, O ppofice to St. Jago, near the great
. Market,
 AMERICA. ~ Chapoava
Market the Jefuits have a ftately Colledge, or High-School, where many are
brought up in the Latin and Greek Tongues, whence it is call’d, Cafa Profeffa Les
Eftudios. | .
There is alfo another Habitation of Religious Men, call’d Illefonfe Sanna Novictad,
which for State, may vie with any Royal Palace.
Cloyfters be- The Monks of La Merced dwell in two Cloyfters , both Confecrated to the Vir-
gin Mary, yet Sirnam’d Montferatte, and Carmel : The firft lying not far from the
jonging to the
Monks of La

River, isa mean Stru@ture, in comparifon to the laft; the uppermoft Tower of
Merced,

whofe Temple appears above all other Buildings, in the upper part of Mexico near
the Cloyfter of St. Francis. - 7 | °F
Womens The Women have alfo fourteen Cloyfters here, the chiefeft whereof is Dedica-
ted to Catharine of Siena ; but much more fplendid is that of Santa Terefa, built like.
Cloyfters.

an Imperial Palace; famous for its ftately Gardens, and round Fountain, which
continually fpouts Water. The reft, which we fhall onely name, are La Encar-
nacio , Santa Ines , JefuseMaria, Laurenfo, Las Des-calcas, Santa Clara, fuan de la Pe-
nitentia, Regina Celi, Santa Monica, las Rocogidas, Jeronymo, and Conceptione ; befides the
Almfhoufes, Real de los Indios, and Noftra Senora del Amor :.There are likewife eight
-
Hofpitals, viz. de Dios, del Spiritu Santo, Juan de Doys, dz la Mifericordia, de fan Hippoli-
to, and de fan Lazaro. “The three chief Churches beat the Name of Catharine, Mare
K i

y :
7 :
} 4: -

tin, and Vera Cruz; and the Clergy-men thereto belonging, enjoy many ftately Pa-
Ny Aah) d
j li

laces, amongft which are Fuan de Lateran, de Chrifto, and las Nivas.
4 i]
7 ra

:
: HAR)
PASE
|

The Refidence of the Vice-Roy which lies near the Dominican Cloyfter, Porto Cos
7 -

4
*
' ® The Vice-
-
Roy’s Palace
aa /
Riei and Arch-
bifhop’s Seat.
li, isfo {umptuous a Stru€ture, that it may ftand in competition with any of thofe
Edifices which were fo much cry’d up by the Ancients ; neverthelefs, ic is not to be
is be re
-
'

compar’d to the Arch-bifhop’s Seat, built round like a Theatre, whofe Lufter ex-
‘! ie :

P hig
4 a”
/
|
- .
his
'
i f

prefies the Quality of him that inhabits the fame, he being Governor of the Bi-
fhopricks of Fafcala, Guaxaca, Mechaocan, New Galicia, Chiapa, Yucatan, Guatimala, Ve-
. ,
,
: i? qj
‘

rapax, and the Philippinas. This marvellous Strudture was begun by Ferdinand Cortes
'

L/, '

- ray

fius, but was finifh’d by Sebaftian Ramires de Fuenleal ; and not much inferior theres
unto is the Cafa de Cabildo Alameda.
; i‘ '

u |

At prefent, Mexico is thought to be one of the richeft Cities of the World,

« :
+ is
f
| 4
“Fi
-
‘The gallantry
iy /4
of Mexico at
(if reports be true) in all kind of voluptuous gallantry and bravery,
v4, :

:
I
\
; y)
Ny i
H
‘
this day. abounding
even to excefs: It is fuppos’d to contain about fix or feven Miles in compafs, and
L
' Sh
( otiiw
mir AS
a it

to confit of above an hundred thoufand Houfes or Families, whereof not the tenth
4 tA
\ 0 \
. ak
f Wyo
Lie '

{ .)
’
‘
Li

ea
y
i

part Spaniards, but thofe that are, all Gentlemen, at leaft as to their garb and
manner of living; for they live moft {plendidly in all refpects, both for Diet and
b|
‘ ; ie :
- Th 1

pet Br
Lani”
; )
:
-
;

Apparel. 7
het Lae

For the firft, we have {poken fo much already of the general plenty of all things
Pe) s Kae
- -
ow

in the Kingdom of New-Spain, that pertain to this part of pleafure, that it isnot
f ‘ '

\§ <= ;
4 {

to be doubted: And for the fecond this may be fome inftance, viz, that it is no ex-
'

traordinary matter to {ee an Hat-band or Role all of Diamonds, in fome ordinary

Gentlemans Hat, and of Pearl among the common Citizens and Tradefmen.
es
-
The Coaches (which moft Gentlemen keep) almoft cover’d with Gold and Silver,
richly befet with Precious Stones, and within ordinarily lin’d with Cloth of Gold,
or the beft China Silk that can be gotten ;, of which Coaches, in time of year, atthe
Alameda, as they call it, which is, as it were, The Hides'Park of Mexico, and a place
made of purpofe for recreation and delight, a Man fhall obferve not feldom, above
a thoufand or two thoufand Coaches, full of Ladies and Gallants coming thither
onely to take the Air, and their Pleafure, both the one and the other attended with
a numerous Train of Servants and Mulattoes of both Sexes. In /a Plateria, which is
but
Chap. V. AMERICA. | Ty
bur onely one Street in Mexico, nigh to the Vice-Roy’s Palace, in lefs than half au
hours fpace: with the turn ofan‘Eye; you may fee Millions of Wealth in Gold,
Silver, and Precious Stones, in the Goldfmiths and Jewellers Shops thereabouts:*
In a word, there is nothing hinders Mexico,from being the moft abfolute City in
the World for delight and bravery, but onely two Inconveniences to which it. is
fubject :The one isthe danger of the Lake, with the Infalls whereof it may feem
to be almoft continually, threatned, and in ee Year 1629. did actually fuffera very
great calamity, the Waters bireking through the Banks, ‘and drowning a great
part of the City,with
w the deftrudtion of much People, and the lofs of all their
Goods intirely, through'the avarice (as isf{uppos’d) of the Vice-Roy that then was,
and fome other of the King’s Officers, who diverted the Money that fhould have
been employ’d for the fortifying and repairing of the Banks, to ‘their own proper
ufes : Theother is from the nature of the Soil and Ground it felf on which it
fkandeth ;which is found to havea tinGure of Sal Nitre in‘icr, fomewhat trong ;
and the Winds partly from the Lake ic elf, and partly from the Hills about it, rai.
fingthe Duft of this Earth conftantly every Evening, for many Moneths of the
Year together, fo violently, that the Air is even darkned therewith for fome time:
The Inhabitants are much annoy’d by it, and made fubjed to divers Hypocondrias
cal Pains and Infirmicties, and fates kill’d with it, efpecially {uch as either
cannot,or care not much to avoid it.
The City lieth about fixty Leagues, or ahundred and fifty Miles diftant from
the Atlantick. or North Sea, from whence by the Port of St. Jobn d’ Ullua, or Vera
Crax, (which are.the ufual Landing-places) there is a fair and eafie March to Mexico,
by the Cities of Xalabar, Perotta, Puebla de los Angelos, and Thafcalla, all of them open
and unfortifi’d Places, (as likousilt Mexico it felf) and the Countrey round about
very rich and well scesnmnudared with all things.
The next City of notein ancient times was (bulula, which being builtin a fruit- City ealnis,
ful Plain, had above twenty thoufand Dwelling-houfes, and as many more Ban-
quetting-houfes, The number of the Temples and Turrets were equal with that
of the days in the Year: The Government thereof belong’d toa Mayor. and fix
Aldermen, and one chief Prieft ; for they never wentupon the leaft Defign before
they had been at their Debotion in which’ the Prieft’s Office was onely to
perfume the Idols four times in twenty four hours, viz. inthe Morning, ‘at Noon,
after Sun-fet, and at Midnight ; at which times none durft be abfent, but they us’d
alfo a cruel Exercife on rhea felyes; and one much more cruel on ach for on
ufual Feaft-days.they abftain’d from Meat, Drink, and Sleep, {courg’d eis Bodies
with knotted Cords after a miferable manner, evacuated heir Seed, that fo they
might curb all flefhly Defires, and met every Night in a {pacious late, where fit-
ting down they wounded themfelves with Lances\in their Legs and Arms, fo long
till the Blood gufh’d out of the fame.;. which gathering ina. Cup, they shubnted
their Temples therewith, and dipt the Santas in che fame, and then hung them up
before the Temple in Bundles of Straw. Of thefe were a great number, and the
more,. becaufe they never us'd their Lances but once. But onthefe Days, which
were Confecrated to the Idol Tegcatlipuca, every one befides the Priefts wore a new
Rope made of the Hemp Mangey, of a Fathom long, and a thick Knot atthe end,
with which they beat themfelves fo miferably on their Backs, as if they eneto
have broken them: After which the Priefts ftay’d five days in the Temple,i
which they us’d the like cruelty, eating {carce once in.twenty four hours.
Their Prifoners they us'd after a moft horrid manner, viz.. in their Temples
flood a round Stage of Stone ; to the top of which they afcended by a — Scaf-
fold,
 AMERICA Chap.V.
fold, fupported by twenty eight Pillars, behind which appear’d thoufands of Mens
Heads, and amongft them the Prifoners that were to be Offer’d fat ftark naked,
and guarded by feveral Armed Men ; three Foot from the Steps which led up to
the top of the Scaffold , ftood a pyramidical Stone, ( by the Indians call’d Quauxi-
cali) and behind it two round Chappels, cover’d on the top like Mires, each had
four Holes in a large Gate, in which fat a horrid Reprefentation, worfhipp’d by
fix Priefts call’d Chackalmua, whereof one call’d Papas, or Topilzin, whofe Office was
to pluck out the Hearts of the Prifoners, being in greateft efteem, wore a red Man-
tle about his Body, not unlike a long Coat, with broad Fringe, which trail’d af.
ter him upon the Ground, and alfo a Crown of green and yellow Plumes on his
Head ; his Ears and under Lip were likewife adorn’d with Precious Stones: The
other five appear’d in like manner with their Hands and Faces painted red, but ha.
ving Leathern Fafcia’s about their Heads , and white Coats ftitch’d with Blackon
their Bodies, they might eafily be diftinguih’d from the Topilzin, who on a’ fudden
ran.down the Stairs to the Prifoners, and fhew’d each of them an Image, (laying,
This is your God) made of Bledo Pafte, Maiz and Honey, green Beads for Eyes, and
Grains of Maiz for Teeth: whereupon the Prifoners were led up, and laid with
their Backs on the fharp Stone Quauxicalli ; then the five Priefts took hold of their
Leggs, Arms and Head, put woodden Collars about the Sufferet’s Necks, whilft
the Topilzin fhew’d Reverence to the Idol; which done; with a fharp Stone he cut
open the Breafts of the Prifoners, -who ina deplorable condition lay on the pyta-
midical Stone, and pulling their Hearts out of their Bodies, fhew’d the fame reck-
ing to the Sun, and at laft threw them toward the Idol, and the dead Bodies down
the Stairs, where fome appointed for that purpofe carried the fame away; but eve-
ry one taking his own Prifoner, and roafting and boyling him, ferv’d him up to his
. Friends as a great Dainty. 7 he
- This kind of Murdering was not onely us'd amongft the Mexicans, but alfo by all —
the other neighboring Indians, and efpecially in the Gity Chulula, which (as we have
faid before) fignifies The Sanétity of all the Gods: for in this Town fix thoufand
Children were yearly Offer’d.
The Citizens hereof us’d to drive a great Trade, efpecially in Cochinele.
~. Their Habits were feveral , for Perfons of Note wore Cotton Coats, about’ the
Edges of which hung Feathers and pieces of Conyeskins : the meaner fort went in
_ Nequons, or a fort of Linnen Coats made of the hairy Leavesof the Tree Maguey.
3. The City Tezuco, fall of handfom Streets and fair Houfes, is built near
the
fale Mexican Lake, yet hathno want of frefh Water, with which it is fupply’d by
Gutters from the Mountains under Ground, according to Anthony Herrera, it twice
exceedeth in bigne(s the famous City Sivill in Spain, es
4. Quitlavaca, by the Spaniards call’d Venezuela, (becayfe it is, like Venice, furr-
rounded with Water, and divided into {everal Ifles,) boafted formerly above two
thoufand Families: From the Town a Cawley of twenty Foot broad, and
half a
League long, leads through the Lake to the Main Continent.
5+ Yxtacpalapa, a very populous Place, and lying part of it in the falt Lake, and
partly on the Main Land , where feveral frefh-water Pools afford ftore
of Fifh,
two Leagues diftant from Mexico, to which leads a broad, Way ; in the middle of
which ftands a Fountain, furrounded with high Trees, which produces’ excellent
Water. : !
' 6. .Mexicaltzingo, fituate upon the Lake Laguna,-2 Town confifting of four thou-
fand ftately Houfes. be
7+ C4ocan, in a fruitful Plain, containing fix thoufand, being but a League and
a
 249°
a half from Yetacpalapa : to which the neighboring Village Houcilopuche was nat
miuch-inferior.
Thefe three Places, before they were fubdu’d by the Spaniards, boafted many
brave Temples and high Towers, whole luftre appear’d ata great diftance, but
now being turn’d into Cloyfters, they are inhabited by Monks and Nuns.
The Salt made here of Earth, though not white, and onely fit to make Pickle of,
is Tranfported to many Places.
About Mexico there are alfo feveral Villages, the chiéfeftof which are 1. Ma- Towns and
pleafant Vib
fitlan, a Town pleafantly feated upon the top of an hiige Mountain, in the midft of lages about
Mexi¢¢.
moft delicate Groves and fhady Woods, and reckon’d to contain no lefs than thirty
thoufand Inhabitants in all, dwelling either in the City, or upon the fides of the
Mountain.
2. Antepecque ,;this isa Town belonging to the Marquefs de Valle, who is of
the Pofterity of Cortez, and {aid to be feated in the moft delicious place of all New
Spain. d a
s 3. Acapulco, a Town feated upon the South-Sea, or Mare del Zur, yet. belong-
ing to this Province... Itisa haven-Town, and one of the moft frequented upon
the South-Sea, fituate upon a large and capacious Bay of about a League broad at
the Entrance, and affording many convenient Stations and Docks for Shipping.
At the bottom of the Bay Weftward lieth the Town, with a ftrong Caftle very op-
portunely builc, both for the command and fecurity of the Port, well wall’d and
fortifi’d with Bulwarks, and having a conftant Garrifon of four hundred Soldiers
in it, or thereabouts. The reafon whereof, I fuppofe, may be chiefly this, viz. that
from this Port there is the greateft Traffick and Entercaurfe held betwixt the Eaft
and West-Indies, together with the Philippine Iflands.
The Countrey hath many rich Mynes of Silver in it, and fome of Gold; the
chief of which are by Herera reported to be thefe, viz, 1. Thofe of Puchuca, four-
teen Leagues diftant from Mexico. 2 Of Tafco. 3. Talpuiana, 4. Cultepeque. 5. Zache
alpa, 6. Zupanguo, and divers others.
The. reft of the Villages are Guatitlan, Tenyauca, Efcapufqlco, Tacuba, and Su-
chimilco.
The neighboring Province Xilotepeck, which is exceeding fruitful, is alfo famous Strangé
Fountain]
‘for two Fountains, whereof one‘near the Village Queretaro produces boyling Water,
which when cool’d, is a wholfom Drink for Cattel : The other for four years is
full of Water, and for four years after it isempty ; in great rainy Seafons it is
quite dry, and indroughty Weather it overflows.
Between the Villages Queretaro and San Juan, isa Plain which extends it felf feveg
Leagues in breadth, and feven in length, befides two Leagues farther beyond Quar-
tero, where a hundred thoufand Head of Cattel, andten thoufand Horfes, find
plentiful Pafture.
The Mountain Nevada, near the City Delos Angelos, deferves no {mall admira- The wonder-
ful Mountain
tion ; for it begins at thirty Leagues end to rife exceeding high, and being flat on Nevada,

the top, hatha wide gaping Mouth, whole bottom is fathomlefs , from which at
Sun-rifing and fetting rifes a Smoak up dire&tly towards the Skie, but immediately
after {preading like a Plume of Feathers, it is difpers’d by the Wind, and no
more feen till it appears in a dusky Cloud. Wichthe Smoak are alfo Afhes vomited
up; yet the Mountain is very pleafantly planted with lofty Cyprefs, Cedar,Oak,
and Pine-Trees. The neighboring Fields abound likewife with Wheat, Cotton,
and Maiz. There feldom appears any Rain here.
At the Foot of this Mountain lies the Village Tepecco, famous for the Cryftal
7a | Cc and
 250 AMERICA. Chap. V.
and Allom gotten there. The Village Ocotlan is alfo maintain’d by the fame : But
Tuculala by Gold-Mines, and fruitful Lands, which are twice a year fhaken by
Earthquakes; wherefore the Inhabitants live not in Stone Houfes, but in litcle
''
Straw Huts.
1h |; South-Eaftward from Nerada is excellent Sugar to be had, and on the Mountain
it felf che famous Gum Anime, which drops out of aTree call’d Jetaiba, which is al-
*

! i}

ways green, with hard white Wood, a pale yellow fpeckled Bark, three long foft
’ ’
‘

Leaves hanging one over another on one Stalk, and the Fruit on the middle of the
)

Body. After the rainy Seafon is paft in Ofober, then they cut a Hole in the Body
: :

of the Tree, out of whichthe Gum drops: ithath a pleafant {mell, and: is exceed-
‘
‘
’ ‘
4 c

-
14 ; -
oe
- |‘ ing good againft the Head-ache occafion’d by Colds.
Not far from hence appears the Valleys Matalzingo and Atzompam, which have
sy
i : 4 yf
t ’

-excellent Paftures, in which Diego Nunnex de Camargo bred forty thoufand Sheep out
ry
om | ‘f
. t 1 ;
7 i
a4) , '

18
- , + : 4 .

‘ : '

:
A if
hy
- of twoin ten years time.
And thefe are the chiefeft Towns, Villages, and Countreys, which {urround the
; - '

: :

ly
*

-
f

‘
-
.
y 7

‘ famous City Mexico. ahs,

Concerning the erecting of this City, the Indians relate thus: That the feventh
’ re

Pm
met
io.
ab‘
4 The firl
Vopr Family of the Navatlaca’s, Extraéted out of the Countrey Aztlan, rang’d up and
Jt
' :
:

46s down not without thoufands of Inconveniences, from one Countrey to another,
{ : ty
7 hu ‘7 ;
: : f

according to the Information which their Sages had given their Spirit Viztlputls,
' r
:
4% F

: \- . Om ; |
y
a imi
iv.¢ Cie :

j
till at laft fome ofthe Priefts ftraying from the Army, or rather Multitude,got into
a Wildernefs, full of Brambles and Thorns, and came at length to a Place where
4 ‘ 4 ‘
ita |
: : '
- - \ '
ai

was a Spring of clear Water, in which the Fifhes glitter’d like Silver; where tae
7 - g ,

7 \
: a} : ih :

king up their repofe that Night, their Spirit inform’d the oldeft of them ina
' i ;s
+ 4) _
in rae
en W
:

: i ,|

:
:
'
f
Uy
7
‘
by
fi
Ty
Dream, that they fhould find thereabouts a Tunal Tree (whofe Leaves grow out of
s
t :
a
s' IREe
77
i

Gy
‘na

kh
|
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A

oneanother) under which, on a Stone, lay the Heart ofthe famous Sorcerer (opil :
| ToeP ys

‘
i
4 :
4
a!
iY
This Tunal Tree fhould be difcover’d by a Crane on the top of it, which in one
Foot fhould hold.a Bird, and in the other a Bough of the Tree, near which they
+
. Dea
i
7s | .

were to build a City: The old Prieft waking, and relating his Dream, every one
+ ® :
; : -
ala ab
; bo

endeavor’d to find out the fore-mention’d Tree; at Jaft they found it, by difcover-
: > n
' ;
>» |
7

ing onthe top a Crane, with fpread-out Wings looking up towards the Sun, and
: a
; - [ -
j i
:
bp
r
a :

holding in hisClaws a fmall Bird, invefted with curious Feathers: Whereupon

Ja ah) j
beh de ;
WOR it
Tie |

they with all {peed built a Chappel of Turf and Clods of Earth, and cover’d the
\
, 5
»i wae *

fame with Canes, to keep their Idol from the Weather, refolving, fo foon as they
fe

; ? =.~»
— ‘

nw! 4

could, to build him a better Temple.

4
r- ;

be
>

The Lake on whofe Ifles they fetled, abounded with Fifh and Fowls, whichthey
-

ey
|
*
exchang’d with the neighboring People for Stone and Mortar for the building of a
Temple for Viztliputzli,and anew City ; to which they made a Cawley inthe Lake
Laguna, and divided it into four great Wards or Divifions, and fubdivided them
again into leffer , over which they plac’d peculiar Idols, and order’d a Crane like
that which they had feen on the Tunal Tree tobe their City Arms. The dividing
of the Wards occafion’d great diflikeamongft the Grandees, judging thofe to whofe
lot they fell, not to be worthy of them ; wherefore deferting the fame, and tra-
velling along the Lake Laguna, they fetled themfelves at laft in a fandy Soil, which
they call’d Tlattellulco, and entertain’d a bitter hatred againft their Countrey-men
who kept the four Wards of the new Tenujtitan, doing them all the mifchief they
could; wherefore the Affaulted were neceffitated to chufe a King, that they might
be the better able to oppofe their Enemies : But that they might not raifea Dif-
content amongft themfelves about electing a Governor, they judg’d it fitteft to take
a Foreigner; amongft whomshey found none fo capable of fo great an Office as
Acamapixtly,
‘Chap. V. AMERICA. 25%
Acamapixtli, Grand-fon tothe King of Culhuacan, whereupon fending Ambafladors
thither, they obtain’d their defires.
The new King was no fooner Crown’d, but he fettled all things in order with
great Prudence, infomuch, that Mexico grew daily to be more famous and fear’d :
But this fudden growth rais’d a jealoufie amongft the Neighbors, who dreaded
their growing Power and Valor.
The Tapunecans who were alfo a valiant People, being the neareftto them, and Proceedings
between the
having Axcapuzalco for their chief City, made ir their main defign, utterly to root Tapuneca’s
and Mexi.
out the Mexicans, before they grew to be more Populous and Potent; notwith- Cans,

ftanding they had hitherto receiv’d Tribute from them, for delivering the Lake
Laguna to them, which was a quantity of Timber and Plants ; yet they demanded
not only more Tribute than formerly, but alfo in fuch a suuaniier as was thought
impoflible to have been perform’d, which was, that thofe Plants which were far--
merly brought to them, as growing on the Land, fhould be fet in the Water, foas
to come floating to them, as they grew, to Afcapuzalco, which if they did not pay,
they fhould exped to be all puttothe Sword. The Mexicans much amaz’d hereat,
and not knowing how to produce the demanded Plants, Viztliputzli inform’d thin
oldeft Prieft, that the demands might be fatisfi’d and seepinanied him to throw
Earth on the Water, and to Sow Seed on the fame, eneer at the ufual time praduc’ d
Maiz, Axi, Chias, Tomates, and the like, with which the Tapunecans being fatishi'd, de- |
mand next aGoole, jaa a Hen which laid Eggs, out of which the young ones :
fhould appear, has on the floating Clods of Earth, the Nefts came oppofite to
Azcapuzalco, which by the advice of Vizehiputzli, they penforsa”d fifty years one after
another. Mean while, Acamapixtli (who had inlarg’d Mexico with Streets, Palaces,
Temples, and Markets) dying, would not name any one to fucceed him, but left
the choice of the Eleétion to the Commonalty, who Crown’d his Son itzilovitli,
and Marry’d him to the King of Tapunecans Daughter, that by that means they
might gain his friendfhip, and be eas’d of their ftrange Annual Tribute: Where-
upon Ajauchigual, the King of Tapanecans Daughter being Marry’d to /itzilovitli,was
within twelve Moneths deliver’d of a Son, which the Grand-father call’d Chi-
malpopoca, which fignifies 4 Gun which gives Siwike; and afterwards was fatish’d with
two Geefe, and fome Fifh yearly from the Mexicans, onely asan Acknowledgment
that they inhabited his Countrey. Chimalpopoca loofing .his Parents, in his tenth
year was Crown’d King, with a Bowe and Arrows in his left Hand, and a Waod-
den Sword imthe right: Soon after he oblig’d his Mothers Father to be kind to the
Mexicans, for they being in great want for frefh Water, he had leave by Channels
to bring the fame out of the Mountain Chapultepec, a League diftant from Mexico ;
to which purpofe they made a Pipe of Planks, and hollow Trees joyn’d toge-
ther with Clay, quite through the Lake; but this Pipe not being teight and dura.
ble, and the frefh Water by that means mixing with the Salc,they fent Agents to Az>
capuzalco, to requeft Stones, Mortar, and Workemen to make a fubftantial Sewer :
This meflage was ill refented by the Council of Azcapuzalco ; What, (aid they) do
the Mexicans think, fhallarambling company of People, which on Charity live in anothers
Countrey, Command thofe that Govern them to be their Servants ? This grudge went fo far,
that at laft they taok a Refolution without the King’s knowledge; (for he was fuf-
| pected, becaufe of his Grand-chil’d (himalpopoca) to forbid all manner of Trade
with the Mexicans; nay, to endeavor utterly to root them out; yer fome judg’d,
that they ought to {pare Chimalpopoca, while others on the contrary {aid , That he
ought to be deftray'd, becaufe his Father being a Mexican, he would to the utmojt of his Power
defend his People; which laft being approy'd of, fo sieuhied the King ofthe Tapunes
Ce 2 Pants,
 ’

— AMERICA. | Chap. V.
cans, that he dy’d of grief; for the Defign being foon after put into execution, and
the Tapuneca’s breaking in the Night into Chimalpopoca’s Palace, Murder’d him :
- -_
- La
-*
~
which Murder made the Mexicans thirft for revenge; whereupon,, fetting them-
felves wholly againft the Tapunecans, they enter’d into a League with Vexcuco, and
Culbuacan, and chofe Ixcoalt, for his great Valor , for their King; notwithftanding
:—

—_e
“
Acamapixtli had begotten him on a Slave. ‘
pe anne Ixcoalt was no fooner Crown’d,but he made great preparation for a War,though
ca
-» _ —

eal
Se
= —

—~<
-*

=-_beey,
>- ——
me
.
mapas againft every ones Opinion, becaufe of the Populoufnels of the Tapunecans ; yet it
ele,
-—
~ hate -_- was concluded on, that they fhould requeft Peace, and a place to inhabit on the
main Continent, that fo they might remove from the Ifles: This Requeft they
i
a

thought could not be deny’d them in Axcapuzalco, provided the Mexicans brought
their Gods thither, and wholly conform’d themfelves to the manners of the Tapu-
:=
~_ - ae
-

necans, for otherwife they could expect nothing but utter Ruine: Yet though eve-
ry one elfe imbrac’d the Propofal, Tlacaellel, the King’s Nephew, ftiffly oppos’d it;
alleging, that it did not'agree with the Mexicans quality, to make fo mean and fla.
vith a Proffer; and that they had beft confider , firft if there were no other means
to be found: and that he would willingly venture his Life in going to Azcapuxalco,
as a Spie, to pry into their wholé Defigns and Intentions, which was perform’d ac-
cordingly ; and foon after returning, he brought information, that the Tapunecans
were making great preparations for War, and made no mention at all of Peace;
which news {truck a general fear into all Peoples Hearts ; many defiring that they
might fave themlelves by flight ; but Izcoale putting frefh courage into them, made
an agreement with the People, that if he was beaten by the Tapunecans, they fhould
eat him up ; but if he prov’d Conqueror, they fhould all be at his Command ; to
which all confenting, they boldly march’d with their King to the City Azcapuzalco.
The Front of the Army confifting of the prime Nobility, wasled by Thcaellel, and
the Rear Izcoalt brought up, who was alfo to give the fign ona Drum, when they
fhould fall upon the Enemies; who having ten Men to the Mexicans one, fuddenly
Sally’d out of the Gates, where they were fo briskly entertain’d by Tlacaellel, that
in a confus'd manner they foon ran back into the City, whither the Conqueror
purfuing them, got within the Gates, where he put all tothe Sword which he
could meet with; fome fled to a fteep neighboring Mountain, whither being alfo
follow’d, they threw down their Arms, and begg’d Quarter, to ferve the Mexicans
as Slaves, which was granted them, whilft Ixcoalt found an unvaluable Mafs of
Treafure in Azcapuzalco, and diftributed the Conquer’d Countrey amongft thofe
who had behav’d themfelves beft.
This Conqueft made the neighboring People jealous of the Mexicans, whofe Suce
cefs and growing Power they dreaded, |
The Soa The Towns Tacuba and (uyoacan, though they had Governors of their own, yet
Tamar? Were fubject to the Tapunecans, whofe General advifing thofe of Axcapuzalco to try an-
_ other Encounter, they took up Arms again ; but before it came toa Battel, the
(syoacans play’d a fubtile trick with the Mexicans, for inviting them to an Idolatrous
Feaft, after they had Eat, Drunk, and Danc’d, they fore’d them to put on Wo-
mens Apparel, to their no fmall difgrace and ignomy; which remain’d not unre-
veng’d, for the Mexicans made a Poyfonous Fume in the Gates of Cuyoacan, which
made Women with Child to Mifcarry, and many to fall dangeroufly fick, yet laft-.
ly, both Parties march’d into the Fields, where whilft Izcoalt was elfewhere in-
gag’d, Tlacaellel marching about, came upon the backs of the (uyoacans with fuch
eagerne(s, that they fled toa flrong Temple, which.foon after was fet on fire by
Tlacaellel, who purfu'd the Enemy ten Leagues, +
_ This
 Chap. .V. "AMER Cd,
|
- 253
This Conqueft ftir'd up the Suchimilcos, the firft Family of the Navatlaca’s,
toftop
the proceedings of the Mexicans, that they might not, as they,had already done to
others, fall upon them; to which putpofe they thought to furprize the Conquer-
ing Army; but Tlacaellel who led the Yan, march’d in good Order to meet the Su-
chimilcos, fell refolutely upon their whole Army, and after a fhort conflia, put them
to flight, and took the City Suchimilco for Txcoalt, who being ‘Crown‘d King tliere,
Commarided the Conquer’dto makea direct Road betwixt Suchimilco and México,
of four Leagues long, both, that a [rade might the eafier be drove between thefe
two Cities , and to keep them the better in:awe: Notwithftanding thefe exam-
ples, Cuytlavacan,a City built at the Lake Laguna, trufting to the abundance of Boats;
which the Citizens knew how-to ufe with great dexterity , daily molefted Mexi»
co with them by Water, whereupon Jzcoalt refolv'd to fend his Vitorious Army thie
"ther, but Tlacaellel oppofing the fame, promis'd to fubdue the Rebelling City with
a confiderable number of Boys, which had skill in the managing of a Canoo, which
being permitted him, he accordingly made himfelf Mafter of Cuytlavacan, ftom
whence the Boys brought a great Booty,’ and divers Prifoners, whom they fent as
an Offering to Vitzlipultzii. ihe !
Thefe unheard of Victories being {pread far and near, mov’d Tezcuco after {eve- Texeuce fabs
mits to the
ral Skirmifhes and Conflicts with Tlacaellel, to fubmit to the Mexican King, who Mexicans.
chofe the Governor thereof for his Prime Councellor. Izcoalt Deceafing , after
having Reign’d twelve years, his Son Muteczuma was chofen his Succeflor; the Ele-
&ion and Coronation being perform’d after the following manner.
The new King mantled in Tygers Skins, was led into the chief Temple before a
Hearth, on which burnt Fire both Night and Day ; not far from which ftood the ™.
Throne, where fitting down, he Offer’d Blood, which was taken from his:Cheeks,
Ears, and Legs; after which, an Orator Congratulated him, in the name ofthe
Nobility ; which done, they ended the Solemnity in a great Dinner, EiresWorks,
and Dancing: At the fame time it was eftablifh’d, that all: Future’ Coronations
fhould
be kept with an Offering of Provifions, fetch’d by the King out of the Ene-
mies Countrey : wherefore Muteczuma going to the Countrey Chalco,. took feveral
of the Natives, whofe reaking Hearts he Offer’d to Viztlipuztli: Which done, the
Coronation follow’d, to which an innumerable company of People came flocking
from all the neighboring Provinces : Thofe which were. Tributaries, brought
Prefents with them, before which the Heralds carry’d the Coats of Arms belong.
ing to the Nobility of Mexico, in a good order.
Soon after the King’s Coronation, he march’d and fell upon Chalco, the Inhabi- Mutezuma’s
Brothertaken
tants of which defended themfelves very Valiantly , took Muteczuma’s Brother, Prifoner by
thofe of Chala
among feveral other Prifoners; to whom the Conquerors proffer'd the Govern- co.

ment; which at firft he refus'd, but at laft.accepted of on this condition, that a

high Maft fhould be ereéted with a Scaffold on the top, which made every one
{uppofe, that Mutecguma’s Brother did in that manner aim at a high Election, but
he at the appointed time, getting on the topiof the Maft, call’d with a loud voice,
and fpake to the taken Mexicans which were there prefent.to this effec : Chalco
feeks to fet me on the Throne, the Heavens will not permit it, learn by me rather to die, than
to live and be guilty of Treafon to your Countrey: which he had no fooner faid; but with
fome Flowers which he held in his Hand, threw himfelf down from the Scaffold;
‘which fo inrag’d the Chalcoans, that they immediately flew all the other Mexicans
that were there prefent; which not long after was reveng’d by Muteczuma, who An exdmple!
of great Fide
not onely fubdu’d Chalco, but feveral other Provinces, leaving onely Tlafcala une litys
attempted, that the Mexicans might have a neighboring Enemy to fetch Prifoners
C63 from
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from for their Offerings, and alfo by Skirmifhing with them, train up their Youth
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me in Martial Difcipline. | Py. |
Thus. his Predeceffors and he, having Conquer’d divers Provinces, infomuch
that he was now become abfolute Emperor over a vaft Tra& of Land, he refolv’d
to fettle the fame in good order; to which purpofe he erected Courts of Judica-
ture, with good Laws; built a ftately Palace and Temple; ordain’d fevetal Cu-
ftoms to be obferv’d in Religion ; which done, and having Reign’d twenty eight
years, he Deceafing, left Ticocic for his Succeffor.
Defctiption The foremention’d Temple was call’d' Cu, being built of Stone, in form like a
ae Serpent, of an.excéeding bignefs,. inthe middle thereof there was a {pacious open
place, and round’ about.it Habitations, two Stories high, the lowermoft for the
Inferior Priefts,:and the uppermoft for the High Priefts, in this place alfo above ten
thoufand People Danc’d in a Citele, on all high Feafts, four gteat Gates fac’d the
like number of broad Streets, each two. Leagues long: On’the outmoft Gate ftood
large Images, the Front of black Stones, Painted between each Lay with red and
yellow Colours, no lefs Beautiful than Artificial: On each corner of the Tém-
ple were plac’d two Marble Statues of Indians , fitting with their Arms ftreech’d
out, and holding a Candle, and on their Heads Plumes of Feathers: Thirty high
‘fteps led up to a round place, fet about with Deaths-Heads, which was a Stage ap-
pointed for the flaughter of thofe,whofe Hearts were to be Offer’d to the Diabolical
gods, and whofe Heads, their Bodies being eaten, were brought back to the Priefts,
who hung them under the Stage, where every Head hanging till it dropp’d off, the
vacant place was immediately fupply’d with a frefh Head. At the end of the
Stage ftood two Chappels, cover’d like a Cardinal’ssCap, in one of which fate the
Image of Tiztlputali, and in the other Tlaloc, to which led a hundred and twenty
Stone fteps. i
But befides this ftately Temple Cu, Mexico boafted nine more, ftanding not far
afunder in a large Plain, all adorn’d with curious Imagery, and fet out with large
Pillars, each being Dedicated to a peculiar Idol, and built with magnificent Apart-
; .
ake
oe
ments,
 Shap. Ve AMERICA. 255
ments, for the Priefts to lodge
in ; the chiefeft of them Dedicated to an .Idol
call’d Texeatlipuca, or Lord of the Humble. ‘This Temple was afcended to by eighty
fteps, and had before it a {pacious Court; within.alow and broad Gate appear’d
a high Vail, which open’d into a {pacious {quare Hall, hung with Tapeftry,. at
the end whereof ftood large Images, and beyond which were feveral Rooms, -
in which Affemblies: met, Scholars. were taught, Judges fate, and Priefts Re- .
fided.
But to return again to Muteczuma, his Funeral was no fooner finifh’d, but the Tlacaellel re-
fig
gns the
four Prime Councellors were attended by the Commiffioners of Tezcuco ab Tacu- Kinedoms to
Ticecie.

ba, in order to the Election of anew Kiitg : Tlacaellel being the chief amongft the
Dukes, was by a general Vote Saluted King, as being moft worthy theteak, for
his {pecial Services fhown in behalf of the Empire of Mexico: But he humbly re-
fufing the fame; was defir’d to’ Nominate another, whereupon he making choice
of Ticocic,; Muteczuma’s eldeft Son ; the Council itninabdiately bor’d a bole through
his Nofe, and hung an Emrauld iiv the fame. |But’ before he receiv’d the Crown,
he was fore’d,according to the Cuftom, to fetch in fome of his Enemies for an OF.
fering, atic though he perform’d, yet he loft more Mexicans than he took Prifo-
ners, not without fufficient teftimony of Cowardife ; which being ill refented by
the People, he was Poyfon’d in the fourth year of his Reign, and fucceeded by his
Brother Axayaca, by the appointment of Tlacaellel; who having attain’d to a great Axayacan
cholen King;
Age, and left the Charge of his Children to thenew King, departed this Life, to
the great forrow and grief
of thewhole Empire; by the States whereofhe was ik.
ry’d with great Solemnity.
In the mean time, Axayaca went with a ‘onhitieale Army to’ the remote Pro- His Vidtory
againft the.
vince Teguantepek, to feeck Prifoners to be Offer’d at his Coronation; and marche Teguante-
pecks,
|

ing before alone, Challeng’d his Antagonift, the King, to a fingle Combat, which
he refus'd, and chofe rather to fall upon..Acayaca with all his Forces; whereupon,
the Mexicans cunningly feign’d flight, ambufcaded themfelves till the Enemies pur-
fuing them, gave them their defir’d advantage, for rufhing out of their Ambufcade,
they fet upon the Teguantepecks, fo diforder’d, that they eafily put them to flight,
and hadthe purfuic of them as far as Guatulco, a noted Haven upon the South-Sea;
from whence Axayaca returning Viétor, receiy’'d a Crown for a Reward; yet
notwithftanding thefe Proofs of his Valor, the Lord of Tlatellulco Challeng’d him;
Whereupon he fent Agents thither, with proffers , that fince the Citizens of Tla
tellulco were of one Blood with the Mexicans, whom they deferted upon the divie
ding of the Wards and Towns, juft before the Election of the firft King Acamapixtli,
they fhould, if they pleas’d, be receiv’d anew into fellowfhip and alliance with the
Mexicans, acknowledging one and the fame King for their Supreme Head and Go-
vernor : But the Ambafladors being {corn’d and laugh’d at for, their proffers, re
turning, related the fame to Axayaca, who immediately marching thither to take
revenge, fent part of his Army to fall on the Enemy by Water, whilft himfelf
falling upon them by Land, ‘put the Lord of Tlatellulco, with his whole Army, to
flight, which was fo clofely purfu’d, that they fore’d shietn way into the City with
them, put the Governor to Death, and laid the Town in Afhes; thofe which
went by Water, having had no lefs fuccefs.
Axayaca, after eleven years Reign, Deceafing, bequeath’d his Crown to Autzol, Autzol fac
ceeds hint,
who fought to promote his Election by ingaging with the mighty Province Qua»
xutatlan, whofe Inhabitants, though buta little before, they had been fo bold asto
demand Tribute of the Mexicans, yet terrifi’d at the ‘approach of Autzol’s Army,
fled over an Arm of the Sea, where i had been fecure, had not Autzol invented a
floating
 | AMERICA — Chap. V.
floating Ifle of Planks, by which he got over his whole Army ; upon which the
pur-
amaz’d Quaxututlans immediately fubmitted themfelves to the Mexicas, who
fuing their Vitory, extended their Dominions to Guatimala, over a Tract of three
hundred Leagues. |
Auzl'sGe- The new King having now fubdu’d all his Enemies, and made himfelf glorious
Mrgntceney by his Victories, was alfo ambitious to be as much extoll’d for his Generofity
| aiid Magnificence; to which purpofe he diftributed all the Wealth which was
brought u ato him from the neighboring Countreys, amongft the Poor and the No-
bility; to the firft he gave Clothes and Provifions; to the laft, Plumes of Feathers
and Arms. Moreover he caus’d all mean Moufes to be pull’d down and new ones
to be builtin their places. Laftly, he confulced how to bring frefh Water into
Mexico, which was plac’d in a brackifh Soil: Upon this Defign he was fo bent,
that when one of his Sages diflwaded him from it, alledging, That the Water would
drown the City, he, in ftead of following his Advice, banifh’d him his Prefence, and
upon his flying to (uyaocun, caus’d him to be fetch’d from thence and Executed.
Then profecuting his Defign, he cut the Ditch before (xyaocun, by which means
great ftore of frefh Water came flowing into the, Lake Laguna, which the Priefts
welcom’d with ftrange Ceremonies ; for fome perfum’d the Water, others Offer’d
Quails Blood, whilft others play’d on feveral Mufical Inftruments, with many
sh

-*
-2
other Ceremonies, whichare at large defcrib’d in the ancient Mexican Chronicles, |
kept in the Vatican Library at Rome. But the Prophecy of the Executed Sorcerer
wasin a manner fulfill’d, for the Water overwhelm’d a great part of Mexico, and
divided the City into Ifles: But to prevent farther Mifchief ,Autzoll caus’d Banks
-ae
am
=
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to be rais’d, and Channels digg’d; and not iong after, in the eleventh Year of his
Reign, he deceas’d : After which the Mexican Kingdom tended towards its period,
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Amongft the Mexican Nobility, Mutexuma, a melancholy Man, yet very prudent,
who refided in a ftately Apartment near the great Temple (u, that there he might
the betrer converfe with Vizelipuatli, was elected King ; which he no fooner heard,
but fled from hence : but being found out,hewas againft his willled to the Grand
Affembly, and from thence tothe holy Hearth,where for an Offering he drew Blood
out of his Cheeks, Ears, and Legs ; and, according to an ancient Cuftom, the (oun
cil ofState boring a Hole in his Nofe, hung an Emerauld in the fame ; after which
the Lord of Tefcuco faluted him with a Speech ; which (fince it is mention’d by
Fofeph d’ Acofta, together with feveral other Speeches of Congratulation to their
Kings, which were taught to Schollars, to make them expert in their Language)
it will not be amifs to be annexed here, that of many this one may ferve for a pat-
tern of the Mexicans Eloquence, which is as followeth :

biden
_ Tefeuco bis 4 Wi great happinels, moft noble Muteczuma,which is befall’n this Realm by
Speech to
Atutecquma.
ce
your Eleétion, may eafily be conjeétur’d from the general joy, none bes
“ fides your felf being able to undergoan Office, in the management whereof fo
« much Prudence is requir’d : It isa moft certain teftimony that God loves Mexico,
‘that he hath given its Inhabitants underftanding to make fuch a Choice. Who -
«can doubt, but that you who have expatiated through the Heavens, and con-
<¢ yers’d with Viztlipuztli, may eafily Govern us Mortals on Earth? Who can de-
“ fpair, but that the Vertue inclos’d within your Breaft, will extend tothe Widows
‘and Orphans ? Therefore rejoyce, O Mexico ; the Heavens have granted usa
‘Prince without Vice; Merciful, and not a Violator of. the Laws ; Affable,
And you, > O King, let not this BFgreat Pres
pluns common Converfation.
© not defpifins
; ‘¢ ferment
 hap. V. 7 AMERICA 257
‘ferment occafion any alteration in your fo long known Vertues: The Crown
«* breeds care for the publick good ; the troubles thereof muft extend over the
‘* whole Realm, and every one in the Realm.

Muteczuma having heard out the Speech, would willingly have anfwer’d the Preparations

fame, but could not utter a word for Tears, which gufh’d from his Eyes. Before for the Coro.
Nation af

he went out to fetch Prifoners for Offerings at his Coronation, he firft fetled his Autecze una,

Houfhold Affairs. And whereas till this time the Kings had been ferv'd in their
Palaces by ordinary Citizens, he took Knights, and the chiefeft of the Nobility,
intending thereby to makea diftinétion between the Nobility and the common
People , and add more, Majefty to the Royal Dignity. This done, Muteczuma
marching againft a certain rebellious Province, fetch’d a confiderable number of
People to be Offer’d to Viztupuztli, At his Return the Coronation-Day. was ap-
pointed, againft which thoufands of People came to Mexico , even their very Enea
mies of Tlafcala, Mechoacan, and Tepeaca, which were never conquer’d by the Mexis
cans, flock’d thither in great numbers. All thofe Countreys which were under
Tribute bringing unvalitable Treafures,came in vaft Multicudes,which fo throng’d
the City, that the very tops of the Houfes were fill’d with Spectators, no King in
‘Mexico ever going to the Throne in fuch fplendor ;nor was ever any King fo His Gran-
much fear’d by his Subjeéts, none of the common People daring to look in his eur,

Face ; neither did he ever fet Foot on the Ground, but was always catried in a
Chair on the Shoulders of his ptime Nobility ; he never wore a Suit of Clothes
but once, nor ever us’d a Cup or Dith after it was once foul’d ; he ftri@ly main-
tain’d the Laws which he had made, and often -went himfelfin a Difguife, to make
a ftric&t enquiry after all Affairs whatfoever ; by which means the Mexican Power
was now arriv‘dto the higheft top: but, as otherRealms, grown top-heavy with
good Fortune, turn at laft topfiecurvy, juft fuch a Misfortune befell Mexico ; but
not without feveral fore-running figns of itsdeftru@ion: foriin the City Cholola The ruine of
their God Quealcoalt inform’d them, that a ftrange People were coming to take the Mexican
Empire preg-
pofleffion of the Mexican Dominions, and their Soothfayers ptognofticated the fame, nolticated,

for which Muteczuma committed them all to Prifon, and doubtlefs had put them all
to death, had not they efcap’d with the help of the Mafter of cheir diabolical Art :
and though they efcap’d them(elves, yet their Wives and Children were all put to
death upon the King’s Command : Soon after which appear'da mighty Comet,
or blazing Starfor a whole year together ; the gteat Temple Cu was fet'on Fire,
and burnt to the Ground none knew how; the Water which was thrown on the
fame to quench it, burnt like Brimftone , in the Skie appear'd three fiery Heads at
noon-day, and out of a long Tail fhot Sparks on the Earth ; the Laguna, between
Mexico and Texcuco, began to {well into a Tide, which turn’d fome Houfes topfies
turvy ; afhrill Voice was heard in the Night crying on the Water, Children, your
ruine is at hand ; whither fhall I carry you that you may not be loft ?
No lefs ftrange is what d’ Acofta relates of a Bird prefented to Muteczumd, not A miraculous
unlike a Crane, which the Fifhermen had taken on the Laguna; on the fhining Story of a
Bird,

Forehead of which there appear’d the refemblance of two Armies Engag’d, and one
defeated by the other, and that whilft the Sages, call’d to interpret the meaning
hereof, fat in Confultation, the Bird vanith’d,
Moreover, there goesa Tradition, That a Countrey-man being at his Labor, Another of a
Country.
was taken up by an Eagle, and carried through the Air into a gloomy Caye, where man,
a Man lay faft afleep fnoaring, when on a fudden he heard a Voice afar off, faying,
Do you know that Man > whereupon the Countrey-man taking [pecial notice of the
| dormant
 258 AMERICA. Chap. "V+" *
after which
dormant Man, knew him, by the Royal Apparel, to be Mutexuma ;
the time is coming
the Voice was heard again, faying, How foundly doth he fleep :
which he bolds
which provides Punifhments for many Crimes ; burn the Snoarer with the Torch
hereof, and look.
in his Hands, he will feel no pain: Not long after he being inform’d
Shai
ing on his Thigh, found the fame burnt, to his no {mall amazement.
'd news of a
Newsofthe ‘Having now poffefs’d the Throne fourteen years, he receiv’
painted on Cloth. This
earner Fleet, and therewith a Draught of the Men and Veffels
convenient
ftartling him, he immediately advis’d with his Council, who judg’d it
neverthes
to fecure the Coaft along the Southern Ocean with ftrong Watches; yet
the
le(s Ferdinand Cortefivs Landed with five hundred Foot and fixty Horfe, took
City Potanchanum, match’d through the Countrey Sicuchimalar to Tafcalleca, where
they had a fharp Conflié, in which the Spaniards were in great danger; and had
not they had fix Field-Pieces with ‘them, which did as much affright as hure the
Indians, they had without doubt been cut off there. In Chinrutecal they were in as
much danger;for certainly the Spanifh Army had been fet upon in the Night, had
not a Woman inform'd them of it. | |
Mean while Muteczuma con fulted with his Sorcerers to deftroy (ortefius by Charms,
who then was marching through Chalo, whereupon a confiderable number of Sorces
» yers went thither to the top of a high Mountain, where,as they were beginning their
an angry
Incantations and Charms, their Idol Tezcalipuca appear'd to them: and in
manner told them,’ That Monteczuma fhould lofe his Crown and Life ; and to con-
firm his words, he fhew’d thema dreadful [pcétacle ; for looking about, they faw
the City ina light flanie. This being toldto Muteczuma, he refolv’d to make him-
felf as fecure as he could, and went'to meet Corte/ins with coftly Prefents, delivering
him the Crown in the prefence of all his Council, to which purpofe he took one
Marina, experienc’d in the Caftilian Tongue, with him for his Interpreter ; all things
then {eeming to end in Friendfhip. But they continu’d not long in that ftate;
for (ortefins, whole whole Defign was to bring Mexico under the Spaniards Subs
jection, not long after accus’d Muteczuma, that Coalcopuca had on his Commands
ftorm’d the new Spanifh City Vera (vax, which he could no way excufe ; and not-
Mums Withftanding Muteczuma delive r’d him (oalcopoca, with fifteen of his Noble: s Prifo-
.
Reiley Pee who were all burnt with green Wood ; yet he was committed Prifoner, to
committed to ° '

the great difcontent of the Mexicans, who faid, “ That they were now come toa
« fine pafs, to be thus fool’d by a few Strangers, who had imprifon’d their King,
‘‘ trampled upon their ancient Images, endeavor'd to murther them all, and in de-
“foite of them brought their mortal Enemies, the Tafcaltecans and Guaxuzingans, ins
: “to Mexico.
Gores About this time there were certain Ships come to Vera Crux, which was -a new
zint Pea Port-Town of this Countrey, that the Spaniardhad s built fince their coming thi-
aes Pay ther. and had Landed near upon athoufand Men ; which was an Accident that had
like to have {poil’d the Defign of Cortéfivs and all his Company at Mexico, thefe
Men being fent by James Vela/quex, Governor of Cuba, exprefsly againft (orte/ius and
his Men, upon pretencethat they had acted not conformably to the Commiffion
which they had receiv’d from him, arid gave him no account of their proceedings,
which in a great meafure was true + for it muft be confefs’d, that Cortefius and his
Men finding themfelves to have fall’n upon an Adventure that was certainly rich
by
and good, ‘and having got {uch footing and intereft in the Countrey already,
their Succefs and Vitories, and chiefly by their Confederacy with fo many of the
Natives and People of the Countrey, revolted to them, did almoft at firft, by a'ge-
neral confent, renounce their Commiffion, and dependency upon Velafyuex, and
| profelsd
- ul?

Ghap. Vi. - AMERTES. 259

profeis'd tq act immediately from and for the King ‘of Spain. What pretences they
had for fuch a Refolution, feemingly at leaft irregular is not fo well known, What.
ever they were, they proceed in it, and the whole Company (excepting onely fame
few, who yet went along with the reft) chufe Cortefius anew for their Commander
in chief, and appoint likewife by common confent, all othe Officers of Juftice,
both Civil and Military, among themfelves: andto give the better colour at Court
to their Proceedings, they fend Portocorrero and Monteio, two of their Principals, in-
to Spain, with a rich and noble Prefent to the Emperor, both to make report of the
State of the Countrey, and to procure immediate Commiffion from his Majefty, ta
proceed ; after which they advance towards Mexico, as hath been {aid. Velafquez,
being at Cuba, and underftanding their Proceedings, labor’d to intercept both their
Meffengers and Prefent, but could not ; and therefore {ent Pamphilius Narvaez with
eleven Ships, and about nine hutidred or a thoufand Men to apprehend (ortefins,
and oppofe his Proceedings. This hapned about the time that the Differences were
but newly calm’'d betwixt the Spaniards and the People of Mexico ; and though it obs
lig’d Cortefis to leave the City in awavering and unfetled condition, yet he took
fuch order, that Mateczuma ftill remain’d under the Guard of the Spaniards as before,
affifted with thoufands oftheir Friends of Tlafcalla, and he himfelf taking the reft,
and fome few Spaniards along with him, with undaunted courage and refolution
marches againft Narvaez :and fuch was his good fortune,that not onely Narvaez be-
came his Prifoner without much blood-fhed, but likewife all his Men joyn’d with
him in his Defign, through the favour of the Chancery or fupream Court of St. Dos
mingo, and by the procurement of the Licentiat Va/quex de Ayllon,aJudge of it, wha
was fent with Narvaez to accommodate the Differences. With this Recruit Corte-
fius marches back again to Mexico; but at his coming finds things in a very bad con-
dition ; for the Citizens, gather’d together under the Command of one Quicuxte-
moc, had recourfe to Arms, and for three days and three Nights vex’d the Spaniards
with continual Stormings, notwithftanding what-ever Commands they had to the
contrary from theit imprifon’d King, who at laft, looking out of a2 Window,
endeavoring to appeale them, was hurt with a Stone, of which he foon after died,
as they fay, who would not have the Spaniards thought to have murder’d him, asthe
Mexicans fay they did, with divers other Noble-men} and fome of his Children, the -
very Night they fled. However it were, not long after his Death, out of extream
neceffity, and chiefly for want,of Vidtuals, the Spaniards were forc’d to leave the Ci-
ty in the night-time, and with the lofs of four hundred and fifty of their Men, who
were either flain or taken Prifoners at the pafling ofa Draw-bridge, the reft ma-
king a heavy Retreat to their Friends at Tlafcalla. There is ftanding at this day in
Mexico, upon the place where fo many of them were kill’d, a certain Hermitage,
which they call Los Martyres, or The Hermitage of the Martyrs though but improperly,
ifupon that occafion, as one of their own Writers confefles, though he alledges no
other reafon. |
This Retreat of the Spaniards out of Mexico hapned to be upon the tenth of July
after mid-night, in the Year 1520. whichthe Spaniards at Mexico call The Doleful
Night. Neverthelefs the undaunted Cortefivs being got, though with much diff
culty and trouble, by reafon of the purfuit of the Mexicans for a good part of the ~
Way,to his fure Friends of Tlafcalla, neither loft his Courage, nor gave over his Re-
folution of yet gaining Mexico, e{pecially the way being now laid open, and fuf-
ficient occafion given by the Death of Muteczuma, andthe provocations of the
Mexicans themfelves,to make himlelf abfolute and fole Lord of the Place: where:
fore having fent for, and procur’d a competent Supply of frefh Soldiers Hide
Y4Gntd
 4
260 “~A MERICA. Chap» Vv.
Santo Domingo, or Hispaniola, Almeria, Cuba, and other places, being in all nine huns
dred Foot, eight hundred Horfe, and feventeen Pieces of Ordnance; he joyns him-
felf with the Auxiliary Forces
of Tlafcalla, which were no lefs than a hundred thon-
fand Men, Arm’d with Bowes and Arrows: and with this Army: marches again
towards Mexico, and Befieges it both by Land and Water, viz, with the help of
thirteen Brigantines or Galliots, which he had built upon the Lake, and fix thoufand
Canoos, or little Boats, which his Friends and Confederates had procur'd him. By
which means, and by his Army on Land, in a fhort time he cut off all Provifioa
from the City,and after a Siege of full three Months or more, anda moft ftout and
obftinate refiftance made by the People within, in which they are faid to have loft
above a hundred thoufand Men, befide thofe which perifh’d by Famine, Sicknels,
Afexico taken or otherwile, he took it by Storm upon Tue/day the thirteenthof Auguft 1521. Sackt
by the Spanis
ards, it firft, and then burnt it to the Ground ,, yet afterwards he caus’d it to be Re-built
again, far more Beautiful than at firft it was; as in due place we fhall further fee.
They {peak not of above fifty Spaniards flain during the whole Siege, fix Horfes,
and not many Tlafcaltecans. ;
In this manner, and with fo little Charges to the Conqueror, there fell to the
Crown of Spain the richeft and goodlieft Kingdom (one of them) of the whole
World, viz, the Kingdom of Mexico, which the Conquerors prefently nam’d New
Spain, and in reference to which name, the Catholick King hath ever fince ftil’d him-
felf inthe plural number Hi/paniarum Rex, or King of both Spains; and all by the Va-
lor,Prudence,admirable Refolution;and happy Conduct of Cortex; who was at firft
Cortex ad-
vanc'dto Fa- but a privace Adventurer in the American Plantations and Difcoveries, though others
mors,
wife a Gentleman of a good Family in Spain, born at Medellin in the Country of
Eftramedura. The Emperor Charles the Fifth, who was alfo then King of Spain, for
his great Services; endow’d him defervedly with many gfeat and rich Territories
in the Provinces of Tlafcalla, Mechoacan, and other parts thereabouts, made him
Marquefs of the Valley, viz. of Guaxata, (which is his chief Title) a rich and flou-
rifhing Province of that Countrey, Captain General, or Commander in Chief, of
all the Military Forces of New-Spain, and General Difcoverer of all-the Maritime
parts and Coafts of America towards the South-Sea, affigning him ijn propriety the
twelfth part of whatfoever fhould be difcover’d, to him and his Heirs for ever; buc
deny’d him the Government of Mexico out of reafon of State, though ‘tis faid, he
much defir'd it. |
Among the famous Havens which lie along the South Sea, and Northern Ocean
The grand
the chiefeft is Acapulco before-mention’d, whither all Merchandize is fent to be
Haven Aca- tran{ported to (bina,which is aboye two thoufand Leagues diftant from thence . in
puleo,
which Voyage they generally {pend fourteen Months, four Sail, each of eight hun-
dred Tun,appointed for this Trade;generally two of them fer Sail to China in March,
and returning in Summer, have no fooner drop’d their Anchors, bur the other two
fet out from Acapulco, from whence the way by Land to Mexico , is feventy two
Leagues over fteep Mountains, dangerous Rocks , and feveral Rivers ; the chiefeft
whereof are, firft, Del Papagayo, or De las Balfas, which runs exceeding ftrong which
the Indias crofs on bundles of Canes ty’d upon (allabafhes : Next San Francifco,
which though the biggeft, yet hath many fhallow places to wade over. The Mu-
ftichoes are no {mall Plagues to thofe that travel this way, for their Poyfonous Stings
are the occafions of many Ulcerated Wounds, and oftetimes Death it elf,
In this way lies alfo the Countrey del Valle, from which Ferdinand Cortefius re-
ceiv’d the Title of Earl.. |
| The
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Chap. .V. IC 4.
“AMER, | 261
The Mouth of the Haven Acapulco gapes a full League North and South, and
within exceeding large, hath a nook call’d Boca Grande , where the Ships Ride fafe
atan Anchor: More Eafterly appears a Land Inlet, (bythe Spaniards call'd Puerto
del Marques) fecur’d againft all Winds; near which is the City of San Diego, to
which belongs a Fort, with fix Bulwarks, lyingon a Promontory ; the main of
the City is one large Street , confifting of fair and ftately Houfes, and leading di-
reétly to the Haven; the Church which is of an oblong fquare, hath a high Steeple
in the middle. ari 7 ,
A Dutch Admiral, one Joris Spilbergen, after he had done the Spaniards all the mif Spilbergen's
Expedition. .
chief he could along the South Sea, ran with five Sail under the Fort Acapulco,
which fir’d ten Guns at him, whereupon, the Dutch Admiral Manning a Boat,
witha white Flag, they agreed upon a Ceflation , andthe Spaniards went aboard
of the Admiral ; to whom Pedro Alvares , and Francifco Menendus , having been a
‘confiderable time in Holland, and {peaking the Language of that Countrey very
perfec, ptomis’d that all his Demands fhould be fatisfi’d , yet Spilbergen was ful
picious that the Spaniards had a defign upon him, wherefore he came and lay clofe
under the Caftle with his five Sail, and made ready hisGuns: But this fufpicion
.was foon clear’d, when Alvares:and Menendus proffer’d to ftay as Hoftages, till the
Governor of the Town fent the Admiral thirty Oxen, fifty Sheep, fome hundreds
of Poultry, Coals, Oranges, Cittrons, and the like frefh Provifions, as alfo Wood
and Water ; during which time, the Prifoners being fet at liberty, feveral Perfons
of Quality came to vifit the Admiral , amongft whom was Captain Cafilio, one
that had ferv’d twenty years in the Low-(omntrey Wars, and Melchior Hernando, Nez
phew to the Vice-Roy of New-Spain , who defirous to fee the Ships that durft fer
‘twice upon Rodrigo de Mendofe, Admiral of the King of Spain’s mighty Fleet, ftood
amaz'd that fuch little Frigats durft Ingage withfo many great Spanifh Ships ; and
carry’d the Admiral’s Son to the Governor of the City,call’d Georgius Perro, who cis
villy entertain’d him: Eight days Spilbergen {pent here-at Acapulco, admiring the
courteous Entertainment of the Spaniards, and the more, becaufe that having News
but eight Moneths before of the Dutch Fleet fetting out, they had in that fhort time
made all things ready for refiftance , the Fort having feventeen Brafs Guns, and
four hundred Soldiers, befides many Noblemen and Reformades, whereas at other
times there usd not to be above forty Men, and four Guns in the fame, i

-Secr. Il.

‘Mechoacan.
i next Province of New Spain is the Bifhoprick of Mechoacan, which hath Bounds and
Defcription |
on the North-Eaft, Panuco ; on the Eaft, Mexicana, properly fo call’d; on of Mechoacan
the South part, Tla/calla; on the Weft, the Main Ocean, or Mare del Zur ;
and laft of all, more dire@ly Northward, Xalifco, which is a Province of New Gale
licia: The Name fignifieth in the American Language, as much as J Fifh Countrey j
and fo it is, having many fair Lakes and Rivers in it, abundantly well ftor’d with
Fith. The Countrey fo exceedingly pleafant and healthful, that ’tis ufual for fick. -
Perfons of other Provinces to come hither to recover their health, only by the be-
nefit of a good Air. The Soil fo abundantly fertile of all forts of Grain, that of
four meafures of Seed, it hath been often obferv’d, they have reap’d the next Har-
vet, more than fo many hundred meafures of the fame Grain. Very well Wooded,
and by reafon of its many Rivers and frefh Springs, equally rich in good Pafture :
Dd and
 AMERICA ‘Chap. V.
and befides great plenty of Medicinal Herbs and Plants, it affordeth good ftore of
Amber nighthe Sea Coafts, Mulberry-trees, and confequently Silks; much Ho-
ney, Wax, and divers rhe Commodities, both for neceffity and pleafures The
People of the Countrey are generally tall, of a ftrong active Body, and a good
Wit, efpecially in comparifon of other Natives; not unskilful in divers curious
Manufactures, the moft excellent Feather-Pictures, afore-mention’d, being faidto
be found in this Province. They feem more Jepdediy inclin’d to che Humors and
Cuftoms of the Spaniards, than any other Americans ; and receiv'd the Preaching
of Chriftian Religion, when time was, with much willingnels. fo that the Countrey
is now entirely Chriftian, and divided into feveral Parifhes,
“iarneues The Languages which are {poken in Mechoacamare feveral, as the Ordvitae, Chibci-
tle
he Me chee:° ‘mian, and the Mexicans,which is common through all New Spain, and the Tara/can,a
t

cans,
neat and brief Language, which properly belongs to this Countrey.
Tygers. The Lions and Wilde Dogs of this Countrey devour great numbers of Cattel
yearly,» yet the greateft mifchiefs happen fromthe Tygers, which often-fetch Peo.
ple out of their Houfes; notwithftanding the Doors are lock’d, for they break in
thorow the Walls and Roofs, with much eagernefs and’ ftrength: Of the great-
nels whereof, Jacob Bontins tells us this tory, That the Governor Peter Carpentier:fet
a Trap without the Wallsof Batavia, of great Timber, Pleited with Iron, Baiting
ic with a Goat; which taking effect, the Tyger that was.caught therein , impatient
offuch clofe Imprifonment, rent the Timber, and getting out, left the Goat un-
pili d.
Hugo Linfchot relates, That the Tygers in the Weft-Indies hurt no Spaniards, exer-
cifing their cruelty onely on Indians ;\and that findingaBlack and a White Man fleep-
ing together, they devour the Black and not the White: How far thefé affertions
deferve to be credited, may appear by an evident contradiaion of the firft, forit
is well known, many Spaniards in the Weft-Indies have been eaten by the Ty gers
General Fedreman marching iin this Countrey atthe Head of his Army, was af-
faulted by a Tyger, which in defpight of them all killing a Spaniard, and three Ine
dians,efcap’d from them; no Trees ferve fora refuge again their fury, for they
climb up to the top cheneof, and fetch down their Prey; their Claws are fo exceeding
Venomous, that whoever is {cratch’d with the fame,is never to be cur’d, there ismo
Beaft but they will venture upon, wherefore they lie in the Bufhes, from whence
they rufh out upon them; but this difadvantage they have, thas nad other Beafts
are too nimble Footed for them, for they are a very heavy Creature,whatever hath
been deliver’d by the Ancients concerning the Tygers {wiftnefs.
As to the difference whichthey make in Humane Flefh,it is thus far true : That
they find more {weetnefs in Womens Breafts than other parts, and chofe a Black
Man before a White: Concerning the firft, France gives a fufficient teftimony,
when two Tygers , in the time of King Lewis the Twelfth, breaking loofe ,
left a great number of Women lying Breaftlefs in the Road. . The fecond is con-
firm’d by John Jobnfton’s Relation of a ftrange accident that happen’d in Bengale,
viz, A Moor dreaming that a Tyger fetch’d him out of the Ship , hid himfelf the
next Night between Decks, of which the Mafter asking the reafon., was ins
form’d concerning his Pixoach , which prov’d prophetick, for about Mid-night
a Tyger leapt into the Ship, and devouring the Moor, went away without touch+
ing any one of the Hollanders, of which there were thirty: But a Sea-man walking
on the fhoree{cap’d more wonderfully, for'a Tyger fetting upon him behind, and
a Crocrodile before, he leaping from betwixt them:, dilcover’d to the Tyger the
| Crocodile, to whom the Tyger directly running, and ingaging with the Crocodile,
fpar’d
 Chap. V. AMER
TEC 4. | 263
fpar’d the Sea-mans life : Notwithftanding the cruelty and mifchief of thefe Ty
gers, the Indians are led by their fottith Superftition to worfhip them; becaufe; as
they fay, the Devil often appears to them in that fhape. |
Befidesthe Tygers, the Inhabitants of Mechaocan are exceedingly miolefted with Squertils?

Squerrils, which-not only carry much Fruit into their Holes, but alfo under-mine
che Houfes,fo that they often fink or fall on one fide, the mifchief being the worfe,
becaufe they increafe daily. Moft of them bear four young at a time, which on the
third day run about for Prey , and can {carce be taken, becaufe of their exceeding
fwiftnefs, leaping a great diftance from one Tree to another , their Tails ferve
them on divers occafions; for leaping they ufe it like a Wing, and at their croffing
over 2 River, for a Sail; in tempeftuous Weather, they ftop their holes therewith,
to keep out the Wind. | :
There are fix feveral forts of thefe Squerrils ; the firft call’d Tlilic, cover them- Several kinds
of them,
felves with their Tails; the fecond Quapatchli, is as big again, and can never be
made tame; the third Techallotl, with a bald Tail and great Eyes; the fourth Tal-
mototly, hatha thick Head, and a Tail full of black and whice ftreaks ;. the fifth Qui-
mitchpatlan , hath a little Head and long Legs, and leaping from one Tree to ans
other, feems to flie, the laft fore call’d Yztaétechalotl, is whitith.
The Foxes do alfo great mifchief here, their Urine fmells fo horribly, that forty Foxes,

days after, none are able to abide near the place where they have urin’d, and on
whatfoever Stuff or Cloth a drop thereof chanceth to light, the ftink can never be
wath’d away. | |
Here breedsalfoa fort of Birds, call’d Auras, which are not unlike Moore- The Bird
ua.
Hens ; ‘they flie exceeding high inthe Air, feed on nought burt ftinking Carrion,
which they fcent ava great diftance ; they have a hairy Head and Neck, and ugly
Face : Some of the Fowls of this Countrey ftay here all the year long, others go
away, and return at certain times, |
The Natives, fince the Spaniards coming thither, have gotten their Habits and In genuity uf
the, Natives.
Language, learn’d all forts of Trades; their Tables, Chefts, and Cupboards made
of Brafile-Wood, are no way inferior to the beft that are made in Europe. Painting
is alfo in great efteem amongft them: They make handfom Clothes, Shooes, and
ftrange Copper Locks. They have a peculiar Art in Tilling their Ground : They
teach the Spanifh Dogs feveral tricks , but not feeding them well, they caufe them
torun from them, and turn wilde , whence they are call’d Cimarrones, becaufe they
do much hurt to the Cattel. v4
The Inhabitants, when a Feaver or Ague is upon them at the higheft, leap into
cold Water: againft other Sickneffes they ule Herbs, whofe foveraign Power Expes
rience hath long fince taught them. |
Since the Spaniards made Méchoacan a Bifhoprick, they have built ninety four
Schools, fifty Churches, feveral Hofpitals and Cloyfters, inhabited’ by Francifcan
and Augu/tin Monks. t :
There are {aid to be in this Bifhoprick ahundred and fifty Towns or Burroughs
(befides many fcatter’d Villages) moft of which have Free-Schools erected in
them, for the Training up of Youth in the Chriftian Religion, good Literature and
_ Arts; and few of them without an Hofpital for the Sick :of which Towns the
principal are as followeth :
1. Zinzoutza, the Seat of the ancient Kings of Mechoacan. 2: Pafcuar, a City Principal
forty feven Leagues diftant from Mexico, once a Bifhop’s See. 3. Valladolid, the Me- Towns,

tropolis or chief City of the Province, fince the Epifcopal Chair was'temmov'd from
Pafcuar thither. Ie lieth upon a great Lake, equal amoft for bignefs to that of
, Ddz Mexico,
 AMERICA. Chap.V,
Mexico, and is about feven Leagues diftant from Pa/cuar,towards the Eaft. 4. St. Mi-
chaels, a good Town, forty Leagues Weftward of Mexico, and in the Way to the
Zacatecas, but lying in a Road that is fomewhat dangerous, being nota little-in-
fefted with Salvages on both fides of it. 5. St. Philips. 6. La Conception de Salaya,
feventeen Leagues diftant from Valladolid, and a convenient Stage for Travellers,
being indeed, with the two laft mention’d, built chiefly for the defence and fecu-
ting of the Countrey againft the Salvages. 7. Guaxanata, a Town on the Bor-
ders of Panuco, where there are very rich Mynes of Silver. 8. Leon, another Town
likewife of very rich Mynes,twenty four Leagues diftant from Valladolid , and three-
{core from Mexico. 9. Zamorra. 10. Villa de los Lagos, and others.
Towards the Seathere is 1. Acatlan, but two Miles diftant from the Sea-Coaft,
and af{mall Town, yet by reafon of a fafe and very good Harbor which it hath for
Shipping, a Place of no little Trading. 2. Natividad, another well known and
convenient Haven upon Mare del Zur, pertaining to this Province,and from whence
they ufually fet Sail for the Philippine Iflands. 3. St. Jago de buena Speranza, fo call’d
by the Spaniards, perhaps from the abundance of good Pearls they found upon this
Coaft. 4. Colyma. 5. Zacatula, and fome others.
This Province, as we faid, wasat firft a diftin& Kingdom of it felf, yet fubordi-
nate and Tributary tothat of Mexico; the King whereof nam’d Tamgaiva,or Bimbicha,
(as Laet reporteth) at the firft- coming of the Spaniards thither, after the Conqueft of
Mexico, voluntarily fubmitted himfelf to them, and was Baptiz’d. Neverthelefs af-
terwards, upon a pretence of Iknow not what Treafon intended by him againft
them, and which the Spanifh Writers themfelves profefledly think to have been
feigned, by command of Nunnexde Gufman, Prefident of the Chancery of Mexico, he
was moft inhumanely burnt alive, and his Kingdom {eiz'd upon by the Spaniards.

poe ele of ITI,

Tiafcalla.
Situation and
Defcriptian
Se Bifhoprick of Tlafcalla, formerly call’d Tlaftalteca, Tlaxcala, and Tlafca-
of Tafeaila. lan, isa Province of New Spain, which extendeth it {elf entirely from one
Sea to another, viz. from the Atlantick to Mare del Zur, with which it is
bounded on the Eaft and Weft Parts, lying otherwife, and for the moft part be-
twixt the Provinces of Mexicana, laft {poken of, and that of Guaxata, which follows
eth, containing in length from one Sea to the other, not much lefs than an hun-.
dred Leagues, and in fome places fourfcore in breadth; but towards the South
Sea growing much narrower. It isa Countrey exceedingly plentiful both in Corn
and Cattel, fullofrich Pafturage, and fo plentifully ftor’d with Maiz, Wheat, and
other Grainj that it is accounted as it were the Granary of America; befides Deer,
all manner of Venifon, and great ftore of Fowl. There is likewife Copperefs, Al-
lom, SilvereMynes, Manna, Anime, and Liquid Amber, witha fweet fmelling Gum
whichdrops out of a Trees. The Rivers feed no Fifth, becatsfe, they. fall with ex-
ceeding force from the Mountains ; onely near Topoyanco, is adeep Lake of freth
Water, inhabited round about by Jndians, enjoying the pleafure and profit of the
many Cumbeba-Trees, which yield Cochinele, producing yeatly above two jhundred
thoufand Duckets worth of that Commodity. In this Lake fwim black. Hedge-
hogs, whofe Flefh is good and wholfom to eat. Sh
' !The ancient
State of the The Peopleof this Countrey, when the Spaniards came firft amongft themyliv’d
Zzlafcallans,
in the form ofaCommon-wealth, or Free-State,refufing to be fubject to hé:King of
Mexico,
Chap. joa eA M I KR te A; 26%

Mexico,
é 7%, with whom they had almoft continual War; ? and upon; that account; , as.
hath been faid,affifted Cortefixs inthe Conqueft of the Kingdom, without whofe help
‘cis moft certainhe had never been able todo any thing. They enjoy therefore ma.
ny {pecial Priviledges and Immunities more than other Americans do, They pay
no Tribute, but onely a handful of Wheat yearly for every Perlon, by way of ac-
knowledgment, otherwife living, under the Protection of the Spaniards, wholly in
the Form oftheir ancient Government. In former times they were great Man-
eaters, and not onely eat the Flefh of their Enemies, but alfo of one anotther, info-
much that Man’s-flefh hung in publick to be fold. :
The River Zabuatl, which rufhes out of the Mountain Xicoleucalt, oftentimes River Za-
wath. |

overflows all the Countrey near it, and wafhes away divers Houfes. Zabuatl figni-
fies Scabby Water, becaule all thofe, efpecially Children, that wafh inthe fame, are
fure to be Scabby. On its Banks the Spaniards have built many Houfes, the fafhion
whereof is now alfo imitated by the Indians of this Province, who formerly buile
quite after another manner ; for they made low Houfes of Earth, Wood and Stone,
with large and ftrange Chambers ; fome a Stones-caft one from another, others
clofe together, had narrow crooked Streets that ran betwixt them.
In this Province are two forts of Languages fpoken, viz, the Mexican, and that Tilafc
callaus
Language,
of the Ottomons, who formerly deferting Mexica, chofe the Tlafcallans for their
Protegtors : They are a toilfom and painful People.
‘Tothe Northward of Tlafcalla are Mountains, which all the year long, except
three Moneths, are cover’d with Mift , and the Woods on the tops of them are a
great fhelterto Lyons, Tygers, Wolves, and wild Dogs, call’d Adives, and other
wild Beafts, which do much hurt to the {mall Cattel, Here are alfo many Serpents
and Adders, |
The whole Province is faid to contain two hundred good Towns and Bur-
roughs, and more than one thoufand Villages, all of them exceedingly populous,
and fuppos’d to contain in the whole above a Million and half of Natives, befides
Spaniards, who have fome few Colonies in the Countrey for fecuring ofit.
The chief Towns of the Province are 1. Tlafcalla it-{elf, which denominates the Towns
Villages,
and

whole Countrey as the Metropolis, and where the Bifhop’s See was at firft, till in
the Year 1550. it was temov’dto Puebla de los Angelos. It is a fair Town,and com-
modioully feated in the midft of a large and fertile Champain of threef{core Miles in
compafs. It confifteth of four large and beautiful Streets or Quarters, and in the
midft of them where they all meet, hath a Piazza, or Market-place, equal to that
of Mexico, and able to receive twenty or thirty thoufand Perfons conveniently, to
Buy and Sell. in it ; and whofe Shambles {eldom fhew lefs than fifteen thouland
Sheep, four thoufand Oxen, and two thoufand Hogs. |
2. Puebla de los Angelos, or The (ity of Angels, a Town built by Sebaftian Ramirez,
a Church-man, and he that was the firft Prefident, or chief Governor of Mexico, uns
der the Crown of Ca/file. It was built inthe Year 1531. almoft in the Road-way
from Vera Crux to Mexico, and feated in a very delicate and fertile Countrey, and of
a good Air. It isa Bifhop’s See, and valu’d at twenty thoufand Ducats of yearly
Rent, the Ciry it felf {uppos’d to contain about fifteen hundred Families ; where
there is abundance of excellent Cloth made, and for finenefs not yielding to the
beft of Spain. Its chief Edifices are, the Cathedral and four ftately Cloyfters, be-
longing tothe Dominicans, Francifcans, Augu/tines, and Capuchins ; as alfo a Free-School
for five hundred Indian Children, endow’d by Ramirez with a yearly Revenue.
3+ Zempoallan, feared upon a River of the fame Name.
4+ Napalaca, in the Valley Ocumba, ows its original to an Indian call’d Juan, who
Dd 3 ; at
 AMER 12d. Chap. V.
at firft had onely one Houfe, and a Herd of Hogs there, till upon his invitation,
all the neighboring People came from the tops of the Hills ; infomuch, that in a
fort time, the place was Peopled by thoufands of Famibies.
5. Guaxacingo, all hitherto great and ancient Towns of the Natives.
6. Segura-de la Frontera, a Spanifh Town, buile by Cortez prefently upon the Con.
queft of Mexico, for the fecuring of the Confines, as the Name imporceth.
7. Vera Crux, a Town built by Cortez and his Companions, at their firft Land-
ing , and where afterwards, by a Stratagem, and out of a refolution either to Con-
quer or Die in the Countrey , he caus’d all his Ships to be burnt, that his Soldi-
ers might not fo much as think of returning back from whence they came. The
Town was at firft buile five or fix Leagues up within Land, but the place being
found not to be fo healthful, the Inhabitants in a fhort time delerced:-;it, and feated
themfelves upon a Bay of che Sea, right over againft Se. John D’ Ullua.
8, Medellin, another Spanifh Town. built likewife by Cortez, in memory of his
own Bitth-place, which was Medellin, a {mall Town of Efframadura, a Province of
Spain, but was afterwards deftroy’d by fome Spanifh Commanders, out of malice to
Cortez.
Laftly, St. fobn D’ Ullua, a noted, and the moft ufual Port to all this Province,
and likewife to the City of Mexico it felf, from the North Sea : but of difficult en-
trance, efpecially to fuch as are not well acquainted with the Paflage, or want
Ginldes, by reafon of certain Rocks and Quickfands, wherewith the Mouth of the
Haven is faid to be bar’d, but within, the ftation is more fafe.’ It hath likewile two
ftrong Bulwarks ot Potts raisd, on dither fide of the Entrance one, to defend the
| Paffage; befides a ftrong Caftle, built fince Captain Jobs Hawkins furprisd twelve
Ships richly Laden within the prety and thirteen others that arriv’'d with a new
Vice-Roy from Spain, valu’d at neat fisey Tun of Gold , of which he might eafily.
have made Prize, had he not trufted to the Vice-Roys Promife, to give him all fa-
tisfaction he fhould require, by which being deceiv’d, he loft allhis Fleet but two
. Ships.
Between Tla/cala and Los Angelos are the Fountains, out of which ihe River hak
its Original, which gliding by Machaocan and Zacatula, falls into the South Sea:
Great in
creafe of This River is fo exceeding full of Crocodiles, that they have made feveral places
Crecediles,
which formerly were Inhabited on its Banks, utterly defolate; for the Females lay-
ing generally Eggs as big as thofe of a Goofe, increafe prodigioutly ,, and were it
not that the Indian Mice, call’d Ichneumones, deftroy’ d them, they would grow ftill
to greater numbers: But this Animal creeping in at the Crocodiles Mouth, eats
his way out of the Belly again ;Water-Serpents, Hawks, Buffeloes, and efpecially
Tygers, are alfo their mortal Enemies, for they throwing the Crocodiles.on their
Backs, rend open their Bellies : They are more defitous of Mans ficth here than in
any siher place, becaufe the River of Tlafcala hath but {mall ftore of Fith; in the
day time they lie cover’d in the Mud, from whence they rufh forth, and fet upon
thofe that happen to pafs by them, they purfue the Canoos in the Water, and firike
down the Rowers with their "Fidils:
Burning Eight Leagues beyond Tla/cala, appears the Mountain Popatepeck , which for tem °
Mountain Po-
# —patepeck, years ceas’d {moaking, till Anno 1540. it broke forth in fuch a manner, that the
Countrey all about was terrifi'd therewith, for it vomited not only. a black
Smoak, but alfo horrible Flames, which fometiinies being blow’d downward,
burnt the Corn in the Fields, and he Afhes thereof flying as far as Guaxocingo and
(Chulula, burnt a great deal of the Town to the Ground; every one endeavor'd by
flight co fecure themfelves ,with intention never to return thither again, but the
| Flame
 Chap. V. “ AME RTC 264
Flame-and Smoak abating, Captain Diego de Ordas went up to view the placé,
whence the Fire was caft forth ; which curiofity and prefumption of his, had like
to have coft him his Life, for the fulphury Smoak breaking forth on a fudden, had
almoft f{tifled him.
Moreover, the Bifhoprick of Tla/cala, is on the North Coaft wath’d by the River Rivets of
Papoloava, fince call’d Alvarado, from a Spanifh Commander, who firft Steer’d his Mexicana,
Courfe thither: The next Stream nam’d Banderas, is fo call’d, becaufe the Natives _
held white Clothes on Poles, to invite the Spaniards afhore. The third is Almeria, on
which, Cortefins, a year after the taking of Mexico, built the Town Medellin, as afore-
méntion’d.
Along the Tla/callan fhore, wafh’d by the Northern Ocean, lie the Ifles Blanca,
Verde, and Sucrificios : The firft receiv’d ics denomination from White Land, the other
from Green Trees ; and the third, becaufe Joan de Greyalve, who firt Difcover’d Now
Spain, Landing onthis Iland, found a Bloody Altar there, with Sacrific’d People
with open’d Brefts, chopt off Arms and Legs. |
The River Almeria falling into the Ocean oppofite to the Sacrificios, the Spanifh
Ships came often to an Anchor there ; but in thefe latter times, they have forfaken
the fame, becanfe the Northern Winds us’d to blow very hard againft the fhore,
and {poil’d many Veffels: But Henry Hawks gives this reafon, That a dreadful ap-
parition of Spirits frighted the Spaniards from thence.
In the Bifhoprick Tlafcala, is alfo compriz’d the Province Tepeaca, whofe Metro- The Province
Tepenca,
polis was built by Cortex, when with great Lofs he was fent from Almeria. The
Soil thereabouts is barren and ftony; the Water which they have in the City, is
brought in Pipes from a River which flows out ofthe Mountains into the Market
place. ‘The plain Countrey hath many good Paftures. The Inhabitants thereof
fpeak four forts of Languages; of which, the commoneft is the Mexican ; others
ule the Popolucan or Otoman Tongues. |
The Village Alyoxacan appears afar off ona high Mountain, on whofe top is 2 Aljoxnan,
Lake of a hundred and fifty Fathom in circumference; the Water whereof is very
cold, and of abluifh Colour , and neither Ebbs nor Flows, to which the Villagers
climb along a narrow Path. at
Not far from thence, in the Plain, are two other vety deep Lakes: The firft
call’d Tlacae, is a League in circumference, and breeds delicate white Fifh, not
above a Fingers length: The fecond nam’d Achichican, about the fame bignefs,
which in ftormy Weather is very turbulent. |
Amongft the Fowls of this Countrey,, the moft noted is a little Summer Bird, Strarge fort
of Bird,
with a long crooked Tail; fpeckled Feathers, feeds on nothing but Flowers and
the Dew; about Harveft time, when the Rain ceafes, it hangs faft with its Bill on
a Tree, andas foon as the firft Rain falls, it revives again.
In this Countrey Tepeaca are five Villages, in each of which is a Francifcan Cloy-
fter and convenient Hofpital. :
In this Countrey they gather the Water in the time of the Rainy Moneths, in a
digg’d Pool, which every Morning produces little Toads with long Tails, which
infew days fall off; bur thefe little ones growing to be great,make a moft dreadful
noife in the Night: From Oéober till March, not one drop of Rain falls in this
Countrey , during which time, the Nerthern Winds make a dry and wholfome
Air, yet oftentimes a tempeftuous Sea, to the lofs of many Ships.
Farther up into the Countrey, between Vera Crux and Los Angelos, liés the Vil-
lage ‘Rinconanda, and alfo Xalapa and Perota built of Straw Houfes in the middle of
4 Wood of Cedar and Pine-Trees, inhabited by the Spaniards, for the accommoda>
ting,
 268 | AMERICA. 3 Chap. Vv.
ting of Travellers : To which purpofe there are likewife Inns built near the
Spring Fuente de Otzumba, which gufhes out of ahigh Rock. -
Nor far from hence is the Populous Village Chetula, where a {mall number of
Spaniards dwell amongft thoufands of Indians, who chiefly make ule of Mules to car-
ry their Loads.
Sec ¥.. FV.

Guaxata.
Siruation and Buss Los Angelos and Guatemala, lies the Bifhoprick of Antiquera or Guaxata
Deferintion
agi largely taken; it hath on the North, the Bay of Mexico; on the South, Mare
del Zur, on the Eat, Fucatan and Chiapa’ which is one. of the Provinces of
Guatimala; on the Welt, Tlafcalla. -
The Countrey extendeth it felf upon the South Sea about an hundred Leagues
in length, but from the Sea to the BordersofTla/calla, one hundred and twenty ;
Eaftward not above half fo much; having a good Air, and a Soil no lefs fruitful,
efpecially in Mulberry-Trees , and abundance of Silks, -which the Countrey
affordeth, morethan any other Province of America befides; nor is it lefs rich
in Mines of Gold and Silver, there being {carce a River in the whole Countrey,
but the Sands of it are faid to be Tin&tur’d more or lefs with that yellow Metal;
alfo Cryftal and Copperefs. It yieldeth likewife great plenty of CafSia and Cochinele,
two rich Commodities; and thé People generally, if they would take pains, might
ee
a
be the wealthicft, ‘tis thought, of any other in America: But whether it be through
any voluntary contempt of Riches, or through any natural floathfulnefs, as yet
‘Ty
7 4 +A!

they feemto Pine in the midft of plenty, living, for the moft part of them, little
ny |
j
: - ‘
;
: 17 bd

better than from Hand to Mouth ; neverthelefs, exceeding liberal of what they
' ; | {
1 t
‘ ; my, OA
7 tT
Ww M4 A -

i (Pate |
have, efpecially to fuch as bear the Habit of Religion, and attend the fervice of
“ai w !

i” 4
ti

their Souls ; maintaining in’a plentiful and good manner, as’tis faid, no lefs than
: i 4
At €@
: -
ge? ' ‘i

one hundred and twenty Convents of Religious Men, of feveral Orders;in this
\ :
n'y
7 i! ‘
"i
-

: | #
- '

onely Province; befides Hofpitals, Schools for the training/up of Youth, and o-
p> : : d
s ) all

4 T te)
-
a) y \

ther places of publick Charity ; it is faid alfo to have three hundred and fifty Vil-
i, a

|j ‘| 7
by hey

Divifon: ~—Jages,and near as many brave Countrey Houfles. It is fubedivided into many parti-
FY
| 1 :
- ay
. )

cular Provinces; which, becaufe they are many and but fmall, in comparifon of
- ‘ 7) |

' e ¢
i i
- U
" a ia 9

fome other, we may call Wapentakes, or Hundreds, ‘father than Proyinces : The
om” &
} Leet
: Pe
: “hie ‘']

principal whereof are thefe that follow, viz. 1~ Mijteca. 2. Tutepecque. 3. Zapoteca,
i! hae
(one
, ie L ¢

4. Guazacoalco. 5. Guextaxatla :: and 6. the Valley of Guaxata, from whence Cortez,af-

™~ >.
} 7 re
aiisatr '
.
ea : Pe :

} | 3
7 e ,
P
ter the Conqueft of Mexico, had-his Title given him by the Emperor; Marque/s of
the Valley. Iv is the richeft and moft pleafant»part of the whole Province, extended
Ar . | .
> ' i
& )
j

ina continu’d Traé together, full fixteen Leagues or more, ‘lying about fourfcofe
ul “a
oe ys
’ : ' : AS
- rh tate

Southward of Mexico,and wanting neither Mines of Gold and Silver, nor any other
yi ‘ ‘5
: :
>. wi b Wy
, * PL iy
‘ ’ i

-
"1 :

+ Dh
’

of the prime and beft Commodities ofthe New-World.. i 5 ref

-

In this Countrey they {peak thircéen forts of Languages, of which the Mexican is
- rahe
a : Le
: '
Languages.
ib
- 7) '

moft us’d. LkO | tA: ap

- ;
eit ui

‘ :
tl::
; t a) :

My om Amongft the Plants which grow here, is an exceeding Poyfonous Herb, which
% :
¥ u Al
F ii
‘

kills chofe whofoe’re pluck it, though along time after, that is to fay, if it be ofa
: H ? iA
j ‘
al

Years growth, it kills not before the Years end; if a Moneth old, at the Moneths
;

end, ifa Day, on the fame. . ttA

~eee
—

This Countrey formerly fuffer’d alfo many inconveniencies by Earthquakes,

but of late they are fomewhat abated, which the Spaniards alctibe to Martialis, Pro
tector of the Cathedral at Antequera, Fist . Ws
Mifteca
 Chap. V. | AMER IC AZ, : 265
Miffeca is divided into Alta and Baxa, both of which have River
s and Brooks
that afford Gold, whither the Indian Women taking Provifions, go for fevera
l days,
and gather Gold in Troughs, which they exchange at the Spanifh Markets for
Provifions. ,
Not far from the Village Cuertlavaca, lies a high Mountain, remar
kable for a Strange Cave
- ftrange Cave, whofe Entrance is very narrow, at the end whereof appea
rs a {quare
Place of fifty Foot; upon one fide whereof ftand Pits with Steps ;
near which be-
gins 2 crooked Way of 2 League long; at the end of which is a {pacious
Place
with a Fountain of good Water ; from the Foot of-which flows a {mall Broo
k:
But becaufe none have made any farther difcovery of this Cave, the
other parts of
it remain yet unknown.
On the top of St. Antonio, the Indians live with their Families in Caves
between
the Rocks. |
Not far from hence appear two Mountains, whofe tops, though they lie
ata
great diftance from one another, at the bottom they are fonear, that a
Man may
ftep from one to the other.
“The fix Rocks Pennoles, formerly Garrifon’d by the Kings of Mexico, have Gold,
Lead-Mynes, and a Root whichis us’d in ftead of Soap.
In the Village Totomachiapo, isa Cave of half a Mile long, ‘at the end whereof the
Water prevents a farther difcovery.
The Rocky Countrey Zapotecas formerly bred very falvage Inhabitants, Mantled
in Furrs, but now Civiliz’d, clad after the common manner. |
The People {pread over Guaxacualco, Yluta, and Cueztxatla, obferve Circumcifion
, Americans,
. according to an ancient Cuftom ; from whence fome have in vain fought fora whether Ex-
tes traéted from
ftimony, that thefe Americans. fhould be originally extracted from the {catter the ten
’d Tribes of g-
Tribes of Ifrael , but the Tartars more immediately, who at laft croffing the Straits ravi,

of Anian, furnifh’d the defolate Countrey of America with Inhabitants: But

this
Opinion is without any probability of truth; for it will never follow from their
Circumcifion, that the Tartars, the greateft People on Earth, muft owe their origi-
nal toa few Ifraelites, Prifoners, fince that Ceremony was never thought on
by
them till they embrac’d the Mabumetan Religion. And though they had been Cir-
cumcis’'d before Mahomet’stime, this would be no teftimony that they were
ex-
tracted from the Iraelites : for how many People embrac’d Circumcifion, which
were never extracted from Abraham’s Seed 2? It is affirm’d by Diodorus Siculus, that
the Cholchians ;by Philo Judeus, the Egyptians ; by Herodotus, the Moors ; by Strabo,
the Troglodytes ; by Cyprian, the Phenicians and Arabians Circiumcis’d themfelyes from
all Antiquity, which isto this day obferv’d by fome of them. It alfo plainly ap-
_ pears by the Prophet Jeremiah; that the Egyptians, Edomites, Ammonites, Moabites, and
Ifhmaelites, had the fame Cuftom anciently amongft them.
The Towns of principal note inhabited by the Spaniards in this Province, are Towns and
te Antequera, in the Valley aforefaid, a ftately City, and beautifi'd with a fair Cae chief Villages
of Guaxaca,
thedral Church, built wich Pillars of the fineft Marble, of great height
h and
bignefs. The River which glides by the Walls, {pringing out of the Ground,
runs
tothe Mountain Coatlan. Not far from thence lies the Village Herrera, which boafts
four hundred Spani/h Families, though fome fay that the greateft part of them
are
Indians, who pay the Spaniards Cotton Cloaks and Nuts for Tribute
.
2» Mlepbonfo de los Zapotecas, lieson a Mountain belonging to the Mixes, anciently
a falvage, ftrong, and long-bearded People, who {peak a grofs Language, and in
former times went naked, onely a white Deer-skin, Tann’d in Man’s Brains, about.
their Middle. They maintain’d continual War againft the Zaporeca’s, and could
neyer
 a

AMERICA. . Chap.V.
never have been fubdu’d by the Spaniards, had it not been for their Dogs, which
kept them in fuch awe, that thirty ‘Spanifh Soldiers ventur’d to. live in Hephonfo
amongft thirty thoufand Mixes, who now drive a Trade in Cotton, Maize, and
| ier
Gold.
3. San Jago de Nexapa appears at a great diftance on a high Mountain, where al-
.
fo twenty Soldiers with their Dogs were wont toawe the cruel Natives
u
4. The laftPlace, built by: Gongales de Sandovall, Anno 1522. is Villa del Efpirit
Santo, Commands fifty Indian Villages, which with great difficulty were brought
Sits engot ced
to fubmit.to the Spaniards.
The River ‘Aquivicolco affords a convenient Harbor, the Mouth thereof being a
. ba 9
hundred and ninety Paces broad.
Upon the Southern Ocean is the Haven Guatulco, where the Ships that Sail to
Honduras and Peru take in their Lading. The Cuftom-houfe belonging to this Place
was firftplunder’d by Six Francis Drake, and nine years after burnt by (andifh.
The River Ometipu, which {pringing out of the Mountain Cacatepec, falls into Tes
poanteque, abounds with divers forts of good Fifh, efpecially Cra-Fifh. There areal-
{o reckon’d of the Natives of this Province, no lefs than fifteen thoufand Perfons
that pay Tribute to the Spaniards, befides Women and-Children, and -alfo a great
number of Spaniards. wraecet) Sonali V sa al:

Sect. V.

Panuco.

Bounds and
Pp*::: isthe moft Northerly Province of New Spain, by fome call'd Guafteca,
Dofeription
of Pannce,
bounded on the Eaft with the Gulf of Mexico; onthe Weft with Uxitipa, a
Countrey of New Gallicia ; on the North with fome undifcover’d Countreys
of Florida, from which it is divided by the River ofPalms, on the South with Me-
choacan and Mexicana. It is call’d Panuco, from a River of that Name, which turns
ing from the Mountains Tepec/uan in New Gallicia, and dividing New Bifcay from
the Province of Zacatecas, pafleth through the midft of this Countrey alfo, and at
laft empties it felfinto the Gulf. ;
This Countrey is reckon’d to be about fifty Leagues in length, and not much
lef in breadth ; of a fruitful Soil, having fome Mynes of Gold in it, and once very
populous till the Spaniards, about the Year 1522. difpeopled it by their infatiable
cruelty. wD
Conguelt of Before Ferdinand Cortefius, Francis de Garay attempted to Conquer this Province,
it difficult.
but after much pains to no purpofe, he return’d with but a fmall remnant of thofe
he carried with him; and though Cortefius fubdu’d the Countreys Ayotetextetlatan
and Chila, yet it was not without many confiderable Loffes; for the Inhabitants
being valiant and cruel, not fearing the Spanifh Bullets, ran inamongft them, and
made great flaughter, and (according to an old Cuftom in New Spain) drank their
Blood. . Byes moi
Barbarous Thefe People, on their Feftival Days call’d RQaeaxipo Veliztli, which fignifies A
Flaying ofSlaves, us'd to pull off the Skins of a certain number of Slaves, with which
Caftoms of
-_
the People,
ee
A
they walkt about begging Alms from Hut. to Hut, and whofoever deny’d them,
was fure of a Blow in the Face with the bloody Skin ; of which fo.long as there
on
was but one Lappet remaining, they went a Begging ; and whatfoever they got,
was employ’d in Ufes and Neceffaries belonging to their'Idolatry.. On the fore-
mention’d Days they alfo us’d other barbarous Cuftoms, amongft which! this was
one:

—
ee
Se
—_———
ae
-

i‘+¢
ra ee m

oe
ee
Se
|—
 AMERICA. 271

one: The Prieft challenging the Slave which was to be Offer’d, to Fight for his
Life, he had one of his Feet ty’d to a great round Stone, and having a Sword to
offend, and a Shield to defend himfelf, Encountred with the Prieft, who was Arm’d
after the fame manner, whom if he conquer’d, he not onely prefery’d his Life, but
gain’d the Name of a valiant Man.
They alfo dealt ftrangely with Perfons that were yearly to.be Offer’d to their Strange ufage
Idols : for after having wafh’d them, they put on them the Clothes of the Idol, and of Prifoners,

gave them the fame Name, every one honouring them as a God ; were permit- :

ted to walk up and down, but guarded by twelve Men, that they might not :

e{cape ; for then the chiefeft of the Guard was to fupply the others place: More-
’
‘

; _

over, they refided in the chiefeft Apartments of the Temple, eat of the beft, :
1
q {;

were ferv’d like Princes, and attended through the Towns by Perfons of the
- aa

(cos —--
.
>

greateft Quality, who led them through the Streets; where they no fooner play’d
ona little Pipe, but all People came running to them, fell at their Feet and wor- —
=

fhip’d them : In the Night they lock’d them up in a Cage, fecur’d with Iron Bars, —

and at the appointed time flay’d them alive.

—
s» is
er
a
2- —

The chief Towns now remaining, and inhabited by the Spaniards,are 1. St. Lewis Towns and
a
om
——

de Tampice, a Colony of Spaniards fituate on the Northern Bank of the River Panuco,
=
=

Villages,

at the very Mouth of it ; where it hath a very large Haven, but fo bars’d with ——

Sands, that no Ship of any great Burden can enter or abide in it with fafety; and
yet the River otherwile {6 deep, that Veffels of five hundred Tun, might Sail up
threefcore Leagues at leaft within Land, and thereby vifit the rich Mynes of Zata-
tecas on the one fide of it, and of New Bifcay on the other, at pleafure, and without
fear of much oppofition. |
2» St. Stevan del Puerto, on the South fide of the fame River, eight Leagues diftant
from the Sea, or Gulf of Mexico, at prefent the Metropolis or chief Town of the
Province, built by Cortefius in the place where ftood old Panuco, which was likewife
the Metropolis, or Head Town ofthe Natives, before the Spaniards burnt.and de-
ftroy’d it.
3. St.
 277 2 | AMERICA. Chap. V.
3+ St. Jago de las Valles, which is a Fronteer Place, and enjoyeth certain {pecial
Immunities, and.fome: fair Poffeffions alfo for defence of ithe Gountrey againft the
Salvages. It is twenty five Leagues diftant from Sty Stevan del Puerto, lying in an
open or Champain Countrey, and is fenc’d about with a Wallof Barth.
Miles Philips
his Voyage. Miles Philips, an Englifhman, put afhore by Captain John Hawkins, in the Bay of
New Spain,Anno 1568. fuffer’d great hardfhip before he came to Panuco, from whence
returning, he made mention of a City lying along a River of the fame denomina-
tion, (which is there not above two Bowe fhoots-broad,) in a pleafant: Countrey,
containing two hundred Spanifh Families, befide the antient Inhabitants and Negro’s,
which all drive a great Trade in Salt, whichis made iin Pans Weftward from the
River : Philips travelling from Panuco to Mexico, faw by the way the Villages No-
bete, by the Spaniards call’d Santa Maria, and a Cloyfter of white Monks: Next he
view’d Me/titlan, where fome grey Monks had a Houfe, and the Town Pachuen.
Chilton’s Another account of this Province is taken from a Journal kept by Jobn Chilton,
Journal.
four years after Philips’s Voyage; he having aSpaniard for his Convoy, left Mexico to
find out Panuco; in three days time theyr reach’d the City Meftitlan, where he ob-
ferv’d, that eywelve Spanifhh Families liv’d amongtt thirty thoufand Indians. The Ci-
ty buile ona. high Mountain, full of Woods, is furrounded with Villages, through
which run’many brave Springs ; and the Air about them is no lefs wholfom than
the Ground fruitful ;the High-ways are fhaded with all forts of Fruit-Trees.
The Village Clanchinoltenec, four times more Populous than Me/titlan, belongs to
a Spanifh Nobleman, who built a Cloyfter there for nine Augu/tin Monks, of which
Order there alfo refde twelve in the City Guaxutld.
Moreover, they travel’d over the plain Countrey Guajtecan, to the Village Tan-
cuylabo, idkabited by a tall People, with blue Painted Bodies, and Pleited Hair,
hanging down to their Knees, going ftark naked, but never without a Bowe atid
Arrow. They efteem beting more than Salt , as being the onely Cure againft
certain’ Worms that grow between their Lips. From hence they travel’d to Tam-
pice, in which Journey they {pent nine days; and coming thither, were inform’d,
that of forty Chri/tians which dwelt in the fame, the Indians had (lata twelve, whilft
they were-gathering of Salt. From hencethey came to Panuco,then in a manner des
ferted, becaufe of the Indians oppreffing the Spaniards, of whick, at that time, there
were bue ten, and one Pricft. Chilton falling fick here, refolv'd neverthelefs to
change that Heaholtsad Air and barren place for a better ; to which purpofe, get
ting a Horfe, he took an Indian behind him for his Guide, "bie loofing his way ina
thick Wood, happen’d amongft 4Company of wild People, which dwelt in Straw
Huts, twenty of them immediately furrounding him, brought him fome clear
Suneice Water to drink} out of a Gilt Venice Glafs, which havitig drunk, two naked
Men led him into thehigh«way ; which ended at the Gate of the Wall’d City Santo
Jago de las Valles, inhabited by twenty five Spanifh Families, who inform’d Chilton of
the great danger which-he had been in, for the People which gave him the Water
were Man-eaters, who not long fince, daa burnt an Augu/tine Cloyfter, built on a
Mountain, had taken away, and eat the People,of which they had in all likelyhood
gotten thieVenice Glafs; and had they not obferv’d Chilton to be fickly, he had with-
out doubt been eaten by them, and his Skin, with fomeof his Hair, ( that being a
great Ornament amongft them) been hung about their middle.
During Chilton’s ftay in St. Jago, Frans de Page came thither with forty Soldiers
from the Vice-Roy Henry Manriques, and took five hundred Indians, good Bowe Men
out of the Neighboring Villages, Tanehipaand Tameclipa, with which he defign’d to
go to the Silver Mines at Zacatecas:Chilton joyning with this Company,came to the
| great,
 Chap. V. «h@MERICA 273
_ great River De las Palmas, which feparates New Spain from Florida, where they fpeiie
at-lafttoak pic-.
three daysin.vain, feeking to find a paflage over; ‘wherefore they-
ces of Timber, which joyning together,and ftanding-upon, they were Fow’d over
by Swimming Indians ; being gotten on the other fide, they March’d over fteep
Mountains, and thick Wilderneffes, and came at laft to Zacatecas, on whofe Silver
Mines, the richeft in all America, work’d above three hundred Spaniards daily.
°

Secr. VI.

Tabafco.
TT: laft Countrey belonging to New Spain is Tabafco, bounded on the North Bounds arid
Defcription
by .the Northern Ocean, and on the Eaft with Jucatan ; and however of Tabafco.

- fome account it a diftiné& Province, yet others make no mention of it, let
ting it pafs for that part of Fucatan which lies about the City Tabafco, from which
it feemsto be denominated :» The Ground level. and: without Mountains, hath
many great Woods of Cedar-Trees, Brafile, and others.. Here are alfo many good
Indian Fruits, asthe Manmeyes, Zapotes, Aguacates, and:Guajabos.. For three Moneths
they have continually dry. Weather, the reft of the.year' being’ for the moft part
rainy ; which viciffitude of Moifture and Heat makes the Countrey exceeding
fruitful, infomuch that they have three or four Harvefts of Maiz in a year.
Vines, Figs, Lemmons, Oranges, Rice, Barley, and all forts of Garden-Herbs
grow here alfo in great plenty. is Eula
_ The Pools, Brooks and Lakes, abound likewife with all manner of Fifh: and
for Sea-Fifh, befides the Tortugas,and Yguanras, the Manae,or Sea-Cow, is of principal
note. |
This Fifh is terrible to behold, having a Head like an Ox, little Eyes, two The Fish 22%
nate,
Feet near the Head in ftead of Fins, two round Holes in ftead of Ears, round
bones like Balls in its Brains, a fhort Tail, and briftly Skin » The Females have
two Dugs, with which they fuckle their Young.
Peacocks, Pheafants, Parrots, Quales, Hens, Pigeons, with feveral forts of Birds Birds,

altogether unknown tothe Europeans, are here in great abundance.

The Woods alfo abound with Tygers and Lyons, which do no little hurt to the Beatts;

Inhabitants, Wild Hogs, Deer, and Rabbets, are likewife here in great plenty ,
and Turtles of an exceeding bignefs: Likewife Apes, Polecats, and Squerrils,
which do very much hurt to the Fruit-Trees, efpecially the Cacao. The Mu/ticho’s
are a great annoyance tothe People, and difturb their reft at Night.
Since the Spaniards have conquer’d Tabafco, they have forc’d the Inhabitants to Languages |
of the Nay
obferve their Laws and Cuftoms. They fpeak three forts of Languages, amongft tives,

which that moft us’d, call’d (houtal, is copious of Words. The fecond, Zogues, is
{poken on the Mountains which divide Chiapa and Taba/co. The Mexican Tongue
was firft brought thither by the Garrifons which Mutecgzuma plac’d there in the
Forts Zimatlan and Xicalango, and isthe moft fpoken, in regard it hath not onely its
Accents, but is alfo of great ufe, partly -becaufe it is underftood in moft places of
America, and partly becaufe the Priefts have made Songs in that Tongue, with
which the Tabafcans axe much delighted.
The chief City Nojftra Sennora de la Vittoria, already mention’d in fucatan, was fo
eall’d by Ferdinand Cortefins, from the great Viaory which he obtain’d over the
Indians when he march’d firft towards Mexico.
Thus far of the Defcription of the feveral Parts and Divifions of New Spain, dif+
ee
Ee 3 fering
 Ve Wat,
: i P34: fi

Oe 7)
s] |AY f P=

fering in Cuftoms and Languages, though moft of them have fome affinity with
the Mexicans, who by force of Arms had made a way to the fupream Empire. All
of them acknowledge a Creator, but have no Name to exprefs the Word God, But
befides the Creator of the World they have made to themfelves Gods of many other
Creatures ; amongft which are the Sun, Moon, Stars, and the Manes of the De-
ceafed, the care of whofe Burial they committed to the Priefts, which was fome-
times in the Fields, fometimes in-their Houfes ; others carried theit dead Bodies
to the Mountains, fome buried them in Temples ; :and as they either burnt or bus
ried the Body, fo they buried or burnt their Clothes and Riches with them, efpe+
cially of Perfons of Quality, whilft thofe that accompanied the Corps fung a
mournful Song, after which they Feafted. The Heirs of Noble-men that had been at:
the Furiéral put themfelvesall into Mourning. A Perfon,after he isdeadjis ftretch’d™
out upon the Floor, where he lies till all his Friends come to Prefent and Coms
plement him, as if living: But-at the death of an eminent Perfon they not onely
bring him Prefents, but proffer him his Slaves, Steward, Butlers, Dwarfs, and
Houfhold Prieft, (all which a Lord muft keep) that they may ferve him in the other
World. The Prieftswhich performd the Funeral Ceremonies, walk’d before the
Corps with the Image of ‘the Idol which the Deceafed had appropriated to him-
felf, (for every Lord, according tothe greatnefs of his Quality, bore the Name
and Apparel of fome Idoler another;) ‘other Priefts beat on Drums, play’d on Pipes
and finging Dirges, petfum’d the Way with Myrrh, whileft the Servants and Res
lations made a doleful cry; a Herauld alfo carried the Coat of Arms and Tro-
phies of the Deceafed, artificially painted on Cloth ; at jaft they pyl’d {weet Wood
about the Corps, which being lighted, and the Body burnt to Afhes, a Priel ina
frightful Drefs, Vizarded with a gaping Mouth,: long Teeth, and fiery Eyes, came
ona fudden, and with a long Stick ftirr’d the Afhes about, and gathering it in an
Urn, buried the fame with the fore-mention’d things. ,
The Idols in New Spain are reprefented in terrible Figures, to which they Offer
humane Sacrifices. |
The
 ry a

Chap. V. AMERICA.
The Priefts, divided intohigheror lower Orders, acknowledge a fupream
Head, which they call Papas. Each Idolhad a peculiar forr of Priefts:) Thole that
ferv’d Viztlipuxli, obtain’d their Places by Inheritance; but others. were, chole by
the Commonalty, unlefs they had been bred Ptiefts from their Infancy.» |
The Mexican Cloyfters in the time of: Heatheni/m were’ generally builtin -the Cloyfters de-
dicated to the
chiefeft Temples, in,a great “Piazza, or {quare Contt, where for the moft. pare ancient 44e<
sisan Qeli-
two Monaftical Houfes ftood one againft another, the one. inhabited by a, Fra- gion.

rernity of Reclufes, and the other by a Sifterhood ; \which laft being Maids, of
twelve or thirreen years of age, call’d The. Penitential Daughters; {wept the Feniple,
prepai’d Meat for the-Idols and Priefts, which was plentifully fupply’d from the
Alms and Offerings that were daily brought in to the Priefts, confifting oflittle
Cakes. made like Hands and Feet, befides other ftrange-Meats, which being fet bes
fore theIdols, wasoon after taken away again,and eaten tip by the Priefts: They
were under a-Governels, who employ’d chem in making Embroideries to adorn
the Temple, and fometimes sofe up with the Priefts at’Mid-night, and play’d on
Pipes, perfum’d the Temple, and {courg’d. themf{elves till the Blood ran down
their Backs; befmearing their Faces therewith, and leaving it on a whole year ;
then going into a large Chamber, where a Ciftern ftood for that purpole, they
wafh’d ic off again ; after which, if they committed che leaft uncleannels, they were
put to a moft! miferable Death; which was judg’d upon fecingaRat run through
the Nuns Chamber, or a Batt flying by ict, or finding any piece of Cloth gnaw’n
bya Moufe or Rat; for they fuppofe thav the fore-mention’d Creatures dare not
come into a hallow’d place, unlefs.defil’d. In this reclufe manner they were onely
confin’d to live a year, which being expit’d, they had free leave to Marry.
The Houfe oppofite to the Nuns in the fame f{quare place of the Temple, was
inhabited by Youths of eighteen and twenty, years of age, whole Heads were,
fhaven like Monks, and. pleiced Tufts hung from the Crown down .to.their —
Backs, they liv’d alfo mean and chafte, kept the Priefts'\ Clothes and Perfumings
Veffels, carried Wood for Offerings, and kept always burning Lamps before Viztli-
puatli’s Altar. Amongft them were alfo Boys of a lefs Age, whole Office was to
gather Flowers and Herbsto ftrow the Temple with, to fharpen the Priefts°Lan-
ces, which they Let themfelves Blood with every Night in the Legs, and carry
them*Water.. Thefe Youths, Cloth’d in Nets, fell on their Faces on the Ground
when they met with a Woman, and went fout and four, or fix and fix together. to
beg Alms, and by turns, watch’d the fore-mention’d Fire; in the Morning they
drew Bloodout of their Thighs, with which they anointed their Temples dowa
to their Ears, and when the Blood look’d black, wath’ditoff again in a confecrated
Bath, which their ftrict'and fevere Life enduz’d a whole Year, ©
The particular Religion of the Mexicans, compos'd of cruel flaughters and Mexican Rew
ligion ab-
butcheries of Men, reign’d a long time againft the minds. of the other Indians that horr'd by the
neighborin
were under their Dominion, everyone beginning more to abhor the cruel, flaying People, ?

of living People, and teating out the Hearts of Men for Offerings; andthe rather,
-becaufe they were fore’d to fetch them out of their Enemies Countrey wich the ha-
zard oftheir own Lives, infomuch that they were ready long before to have, em-
brac’d another Doétrine, if any other Teacher had but appear’d amongft them;
which was’ the chief reafon why they fo eafily receiv’d the Roman Religion for
when. (ortefivs had conquer’d the City Mexico, the Mechoacan Agents entreated him
to fend them Teachers to prefcribe them Laws, according to which they might
_ live, becaufe their Idolatry, which had long opprefs'd them, was not to be fuffer’d
any longer, becaufeof the Cruclties which were.requir’d of them in the perfor-
mance thereof, | Ee 2 Their
 : ——e

276 AMERICA’ i Chap. V:

Their Pros
Ceflions.
Their Proceffions were ftately, and afcerthis manner : The chiefeft Nuns. rai-
fing a Pafte of Bledoi-Seed and. parched Maiz, kneaded it with-Honey,of which they
made an Idol refembling their Deity Viztipuztli, acrofs whofe Nofe and Forehead
they drew a blue Stroke; his Head they adorn’d with a Plume of Beathers, and
in the left Hand plac’d around Box,in the right a crooked Staff like a Serpent, and
Wings behind on his Shoulders; at the appointed Feaft-day the Nuns meet before
Sun-rifing, in new white Apparel, with Garlandsof Maiz about their Heads
and Necks, which hung down below the left Shoulder, their Faces painted
with feveral colours, about their Arms -hung Parrots’'Feathers from their Elbows
down totheir Hands : Thus adorn’d, they carried the kneaded Idol to a Court,
where the Youths that inhabited a Cloyfter in the fame Temple, fetching the Idols
blue Throne, with great Reverence fet it down at the lower Step of the Temple,
at which the People threw Dufton their Heads ;which was no fooner done, but
the Boys ran with all {peed to the Mountain Chapultepec: a League from Mexico,
whither the Multitude following them in manner of Proceffion, made all fhort
'

4
.
Prayers and Offerings there;from thence haftening into the Champain Fields Atla-
cuavaya, they petform’d the like Service as before; which done, they went"to the
-
7i
Jin :

Village Cuyoacan, a League farther ; from whence they came back in all hafte with
- ‘

mars
s
' ei)

\
F ;

ie
ae
theit Tdol into Mexico: Wherefore this Proceflioning for its expedition was call’d
hoe
: ahs
1
"| a
Ipaina Viztliputli. The Idol being brought into the Temple,was by four Cords
Wwe
of.
made faft tohis Throne, hoifed up to the Cieling with the noife of Drums and
Trumpets, whilft the fore-mention’d Youths ftrow’d the Temple both within
tan

Gb \
; 4
; i,

til
;

ment
qe:
:
and without full of Rofes ; after which the Nuns gave the Boys the tefemblances _
:
t

2
'
of Bones made of the Giiie Dough with the Idol, with which they were to cover
the Floor of the Chappel; then appear’d the Temple-Priefts, with Scatfs about
,

2 |
'

' “|
>
:
1.

;
their Bodies, Garlands on their Heads, and Strings with Flowers about their Necks,
. each going in order according to his quality to the place where the Bones lay;
which being Confecrated with Songs and Dances, were religioufly worfhipp’d for
Bones of the Idol ;after which fix of the Priefts went down to the Stone Quanxie
calli, on which the ‘Peifonees lying upon their Backs, had their Hearts pull’d oue;
which being finifh’d, the Maids and Boys before-mention’d went to meet one acs
ther, Dancing to the found of Pipes, Drums and Songs ;which their neareft Rela~
tions an{wering, Danc’d round about them, whither the whole City and Coun
trey People all about came flocking in great shina
During this high Feaft none, upon great Penalties, durft eat any other Food
but the Cakes made of the Gene Dough of which the Idol was made ; neither were
they permitted, though Children, to drink till the Afternoon.
Laftly, the Prieft climb’d up toa Chappel ftrow’d with Rofes, in which the
Idol fitting; they difrob’d him, broke his holy Arms and Legs into little pieces,
which they diftributed amongft the common People, who receiv'd them with
great Reverence, and with tearsin their Eyes, imagining they eat the Body of their
God ; for which honour every one paid a tenth part of the Charge which had
been fpent iin this high Feaft.. Then’ a Prieft admonifh’d them how they fhould.
lead their Lives, fince they were united with their God; which ended, they all
went to their Several Habitations in a wonderful good dedet from the Temple.
Ancient At+
tire of the Concerning the Mexicans Apparel, it is a fufficient teftimony, chat they are no
Mexicans. way of the fame original with. the feveral barbarous Nations, that run up and
down naked in New Spain: for the Inhabitants of Mexico went antiently Cloth’d in
Cotton : On their Heads they wore a high Plume of red Feathers , about their
Necks, over their Shoulders, Breaft and Back, a kind of large Tharase ofFeathers
eu lag
Chap. V. AMERICA 77

* YT] ja
My Y,

VE Hi) H Hl] fl + His

Th

i}

iA

"asia

curioufly pleited ; each Arm adotn’d with Atmlets, and their Middles girt with
broad white Girdles full of red Streaks; in ftead of Garters they wore Laces of
Feathers, as alfo a little above their Ancles. Their Priefts be{mear’d all their
Bodies, ef{pecially the Head, with an Ointment, whofe f{pecial vertue was to make
their Hair grow exceeding long, which they braided with broad Cottom Strings ,
they alfo{mutch’d themfelves with a kind of blacking Stuff; when they went to
make Offerings to their Idol in Caves, Woods, or on high Mountains, they bes
dawb'd themfelves with an Ointment made of Spiders, Salamanders, Adders,
Scorpions and Toads, which the. Temple-Boys caught for them in great abun-
dance, This Ointment they made with many Circumftances ; for having roafted
the foreemention’d Vermine on the Hearth of the perpetual Fire before Viztlipuztli’s
Altar, and ftamp’d the fame in a Mortar with Tobacco, living Scorpions, the Seed
Ololuchgui, (to which they a{crib’d a power of ‘reprefenting Vifions) hairy Worms,
and Soot, they kneaded all together, put the Ointment in Pots, and plac’d it before
the Idol, thenceforth reputing it a fanétifi’d Medicine, that would prove good
againft all manner of Difeafes ; wherefore the Priefts being always fent for to the
Sick in ftead of Doétors, perfum’d the Patient, fhav’d his Hair, hung Snakes Bones
about his Neck, and order’d him at a certain Hour to bathe himfelf, and in the
Night to watch before a Fireehearth, and to eat no Bread but what had been
Offer’d to their Idol. Moreover, the {aid Ointment is thought to have another
power, viz, to make thofe that anointed themfelves with the fame, valiant and
ftrong ; whichthe common People believ’d, becaufe the Priefts would go through
Woods and Wildernefles that abounded with ravenous Beafts.
Thefe Heathens alfo feem’d to have fomething of Circumcifion and Baptifm; for
they not onely cut offapiece of the Infant’s Ears and privy Members, which they
Offer’d to their Idols, but alfo wafh’d themas foonas they came into the World,
putting into their Hands fuch Tools as were of ufe in their Fathers Profeffion, bingtalUa
Their Marriages alfo were celebrated with great folemnity: The Prieft having *.
ask’d the Bride and Bridegroom, If they would joyn togecher in Matrimony? -if
Be 3. - they
 AMERICA. Chap. Vi
they both confented, he ty’d the Brides Scarf, and Bridegrooms Coat together,and
fo accompanying: ere home, ledthem nine times about the Fire-hearth: If the
Bride had no Impediments, then the Bridegroom made Prefents to her Father and
Mother, Offerings to the Gods, andabrave Dinner to the neareft Relations; after
which an Inyentory~was drawn of what each of them had brought, shit upon
their being Divore’d, (vwhich was very common amongft the.Mexicans) each might
have his fhare; and if they had Children, the Man was to keep the Sons, and the
fa~.
iwae
<~a
Woman the Daughters ; nor were they petmitcedson pain ofdeath sbeing once part-
ed, to joyn together again. ah
The Fealt On the ninteenth of May they kept the Feaft Texcoalt, *Conlecrated to the Idol
= _+ - on
.~eue
=
a-a --~
.—
sal
=—

———_—_
SS

es Texcatlipuca, beforewhomthey Offer’d a Slave; which’ was done after this manner:
Towards the Evening the Multitude coming into the Temple, the Priefts pulling
“a
-=,
2
off the Idois old, put on new Apparel, hung him full of P: cious Stones and Arm-
~—s
ee
_
lets, fer Plumes of Feathers on his Head; which done, theCurtains behin Pepin
>
he food, were drawn, and a Prieft Cloth’d exactly like the Idol commas |
sitar hieiel round, blow’d a kind of Trumpett towards the fo ir Win is, and
:
ee
ae
iee
Nt

2+
-aon
7—
~—’

Earth, which all the People imitated: whereof thofe which had Eee teed any”
hainous Offence,, Offer’d Incenfe to the Idol, and weeping, begp’d farghefaets of
their Sins. Thofe that were Soldiers belong hehim to grant them ftore of Prifoners, —
and ftrength to conquer their Enemies ;for which they would return him thanks
. with Offer’d Prifoners.
This Feaft of Texcoale lafting tenstds; ended on the twenty ninth of May with
peculiar Ceremonies ; for in the Morning a company of Priefts, black all over,
cattied’on'theit Shoolders'a large Chair of State richly adorn’d ; in which fat clei
Idol Tezcatlipuca, and Priefts with long pleited Hair, ‘and Gladin’ the fame Appa-
rel with the Idol, which they fet down at the Foot of a pair of Stairs which led up
toa Chappel; ovbiche® the attendant Youths and Virgins ame and {pread Car-
pets before it, and green Boughs of Manghey; after which two’ Priefts ‘carried the
Idol into afpacions Court inthe Temple, feveral others walking before, each with
a perfuming Veffel ; when they threw their Perfumes on the Confecrated Hearth,
they held their Hands towards the Idol, defiring him that he would fend their
Prayers to Heaven: Next follow’d the Multitude, who feourg’d themfelves till
‘the Blood ran down from their Backs. So foon as the Proceffion was ended,
the reprefented Teacatlipuca was hoifed up tothe Cieling, and abundance of Fiswels
ftrow’d before the Altar ; which done, every one went home to Dinner, whilft
the Youths and Virgins adorn’d theldol, and plac’d Meat before him: Laftly,
the Votarefles came two and two with Baskets of Bread, and Difhes of Meat:
their Governefs in a white Sur-Coat over a red Veft, with Wings on her Shoul-
ders, and broad Girts, at which hung Calabafhes fill’d with holy Reliques and
Flowers: Moreover, fhe conducted the Votareffes to the Steps of the Altar on
which the Idol fat; where having eaten Bread they came back, and the Temple-
Servants went in their places, and carried the Meat which ftood on the Altar to the
Priefts Cells, who by that time were to have Fafted five days: this done, the Peo-
ple came all to the Temple again, to be prefent at the end of the Feaft: then a
Slave, who had reprefented the Idol a whole year, appear’d, to whom every one
having fhew’d Reverence, the chief Prieft cutting open his Breaft, tore the Slave’s
Heart reaking out of his Body, and fhew’d it tothe Sun; then hie Confecrated
Youths and Maids made a great noife with Drumming, Singing and Dancing about
the Body till Sun-fet ; after which the Virgins going up to the upper Chappel,
_ d Bread and Frnit, made ay like dead’ Mens Bonesand Heads, before the Idol,
wie
Chap. V. AMERICA. 279
where, after it had ftood a little while, che Servants went up and fetch’d itdown,
whilft the Youths and Maids went to their feveral Cloyfters. |
Much after the fame manner, and with fuch like brutifh Ceremonies, not worth
mentioning, was alfo celebrated the Feaft of Quetzatcoalt, |
»* In the inner part of the Temple ftood a Stage, on which upon Feftival Days the
People Acted Drolls ; in which they fometimes feign’d themfelves deaf, blind,
lame, and the like, and begg’d to be cur’d of their Idols, fometimes were drefs’d
like Serpents, Adders, Crocodiles, or other ravenous Beafts, in which poftures
they fought one with another.
~ Thofe Feafts were. all kept on certain times, according to the Mexican Alma- Computati-}
on of Time a«
nack, in which the Year was divided into eight Moneths, and each Moneth into mongft the ,

forty five Days,which together made three hundred and fixty : The five remaining
Mésicans.

Days, to compleat the Year, they kept apart, on which all Affairs whatfoever were
laid afide, ‘as Selling, Buying, Offerings, exc. nothing elfe being thought. on but
Feafting one another for the pafling away of thetime. The firft Day oftheir Year
was on the'twenty fixth of February. Each Moneth had a peculiar Name and Sign,
Moreover, they divided the Year into four parts by as many Reprefentations, viz.a
Houfle,a Rabbet, a Cane, and aFlintto ftrike Fire with; and Figur’d it out by
@ Wheel with four Spikes jutting out round about it, colour’d green, red, blue, and
yellow, and’ in the middle thereof a Sun ; each Spike fignifi'd thirteen years,
wherefore ithad thirteen Divifions, diftinguifh’d by the four foreemention’d Re-
prefentations: At each Divifion of the Wheel they fer down what remarkable
things fhould happen that year by certain Characters ; as, 2 Man in red Apparel
typifi'dthat Year when Ferdinand (ortefius, clad in Red, conquet’d Mexico. When
the Wheel was fill’d with fifty two years Prognoftication, then on the laft Night
they broke'all their Pots and Veflels in pieces, and blew out their Candles, becaufe
they believ'd;that ac the end of the faid fifty two years the World would be at an
end,and therefore they had no need of Houfholdftuff,or ought elfe: But fo foon as
the Day appear’d again,they play’d on Pipes,Trumpets, and Drums,rejoycing that
God had deferr’d the deftrudtion of the World fifty two years longer ; then they
bought new Utenfils and Candles, and made folemn Proceflions.
Concerning the Art of ‘Writing amongft the Inhabitants of New Spain, Fofeph Art of Wri-
ting. 4
Acofta tells-us, That fome old Books, containing ancient Paflages, the Courfe of the
Heavens, nature of Beafts and Plants, were found in Jucatan, according to the Re-
lation of a Learned Indian, but were all burnt by Command of a Spanifh Bifhop, bes
caufe he fuppos’d them to be full of Matter touching the Black Art. Their Hifto-
ries they deforib’d with the Reprefentations of the Things. Rhetorick and Poetry
the Children ‘were taught by Rote in the Schools, fo that they never forgot what
they had once‘learnt ; Buc at prefent they ule Spanifh Letters or Characters.
~ Moreover, the Government of Mexico hath ever been kept in a good Order, the Ancient Go-
vernment,
King’s Power being exactly limited, that nothing might be loft of the common
Priviledges: ‘The fourth King Icoath made Earls, who next to the Lords of Tezcuco
and Tacuba, had-right tothe Crown ; which was like a Mitreturn’d up behind,and
rifing before witha Point. According as they increas’d in Power, fo they advane’d
in Royal Dignity ; in which Muteczuma the Second exceeded all others: And to
manifeft his fplendor, his Houle forall forts of Creatures, and many other things,
might ferve for a fufficient teftimony: for in it he kept Sea-Fifh in {ale Water,
River-Fifh in frefh Water, and all manner of Beafts in peculiar places: The Birds
Were keptin great Aviaries, {urrounded with golden Rails. -Next to the Kings fol-
low'd four Earls call’d Atlacobecalcatl, which fignifies Princes of the Throne Launces, a
| Weapon
 AMERICA. ~~ Chap.Wi
next in’ Degree were the Tlacate=
‘Weapon much us’d amoneft the Mexicans. The
qui, ot Lords of Black-
catl, or Man-cleavers; Efauahuacatl, or Blood-{hedders ; Tfallancal
efs in hand. High and
ne[s, without all which the King durft not takeany Bufin
Death were try’d, were in
leffer Courts of Judicatory, where Matters of Life and
rfies, andthe
mioft Cities: and other Courts alfo for petty Quarrels, Controve
every Moneth, The
like. The Collectors brought-their Revenues to the Court
s of Honor, confifted in
chief thing which preferr’d both Rich and Poorto Place
-_-

ly :fharp pieces of Flint made

""3

Valour and heroick Exploits. Their Arms were chief

es Head. They
Oe
SE

faft to a Stick, with which they could at one Blow chop off a Horf
-

five Armour,
alfo us’d Pikes, Clubs, and Lances, and fometimes Slings : For defen
_-
bsou

s Skins. They
they had Helmets and Shields, made of Tygets, Leopards, and Lyon
generally to take
always fellupon their Enemies unawares, their Defign. being
.Tg:
a?
“=

ings. to their
Prifoners rather than to kill them; for they referv’d them for Offer
>-**o-
-*~

giving them a
eee
+ _—*
--
Idols. Miiteczuma made feveral Commanders over his Armies,
ks ; for
Power one above the other, which were to be diftinguifh’d by feveral Mar
e411
i oe
.-ia

String, betwixt
-+ =
the chiefeft ty’d the Hair on the'top of their Heads with a red
els
which fuck a brave Pluime of Feathers; at the end whereof hung as many Taff
-
—_
= -7<a
-™

he King, who wore

as they had done noble Exploits. To this Order belong’d alfot
—
———
—_——
=i.
. ==

—=7 ne
ee
eg
arabe
a
7a1.
=-*>

Caty’don a
one of the fatme Marks with which King Muteczuma and his Son ftand
~.
aa—
~_
>
"|
dere
-‘pecker
a
ML_—
-ae
fa _
on,
a-—~_—
-_
—>
- :va.
>oe
-

. The Grey
Rock. The Ayulas, or ‘The Order of the Eagle, confiftedof valiant Men.
Ears,
Knights were of lefs Quality, and wore Collars which reach’d up to their
when going
the lower part of their Body being naked. Perfons of greater Dignity,
d to
tothe War, were Arm’d from Head to Foot: Which Order was alfo permitte
Silver; they
wear Cotto-Clothes, and Shoes richly embroider’d with Gold and
_us’d painted Veffels, and had Lodgings provided for themat Court.
in the
Theit Edu. © ‘Moreover, it is worthy of obfervation, what great care the Mexicans took
You, bringing up of theit Children ; to which purpofe they had Schools neatto their
nce, and
Temples, in which Youth was taughtto Sing, Dance, Morality, Obedie
for their
alfo Martial Difcipline. Children of noble Extraé& had Learned Men
s fore
Tutors. Their Punifhments for Tran{greffions were very fevere, the Mafter
cing their Scholars to Faft and Watch, carry great Burthens of Provifions to. the
to a
Army, and be in the midft of Engagements. Others, whofe Fancy led them
holy Life, willingly embrac’d the Services of the Temple. Tl eee
Their man- Their manner of Dancing in New5 Spain was very ftrange and differing1:;they us’d
‘ . -
to the
= Sspretty Inftruments, and Songs which contain’d antique Paflages, according
ner of Dan-
cing
en, Hune
Times ; they in their Motions imitated Shepherds, Fifher-men, Plowm
their
ters, and the like: Sometimes they Danc’d in Mafcarades, with a Man on
with
Shoulders, making the fame Motion with his Handsin-the Air, as the other
his Feet on the Ground. They had alfo Tumblers and Dancers on the Ropes,
which fhew’d ftrange Tricks on an ereéted Pole. But above all Dances, the Mitotes
was the chief, which was generally Danc’d in the King’s Palace, or inner Court of
the Temple, inthe middle of which they plac’d a great Drum and a hollow :Tub
ona large Image ; round about which the moft eminent Perfons made a Ring, Sang
fweetly, and Danc’d leifurely, when on a f{udden two that-are more nimble,
he
with divers Motions came into the midft of them, and Danc’d exaétly aftert
found ‘of the Drum and hollow Tub, which was feconded with the noife of Flutes
and Pipes.
- a”

CHAP:
 or"

Chap. VI. AMER IC 4. 283

GRUGRELL
LU RRRGRIR
OL ASEELEA
ILEELEIeGebsaeRB
fe CRAP: Vise
4... New Galicia.
:
\
Ry YEv Gallicia, by fome call’d Guadalajara, from the clitef City. This wtole- Bounds and
4] Provinceis the moft Northern Countrey of all “nerica, that is inhabited Extent of
New Galicia,
to any purpofe by the Spaniards. Here, tis true, they are {catter’d
up znd
downin all the partof
s it, but itis at a huge diftance, and for the moft part only
wherethe Mines are. It is bounded on the Eaft and to the South, with the
Kiig-
dom of: Mexico or New Spaim; onthe Weft, with the Gulf or Bay-of Californa ;
Northward, for fo mich as isyyet difcover'd, with Quivira and Cibola, lying betw:en
eighte and twent
eny eight Degrees of Northern Latitude, that is, from La Nutvi-
dad, a Port {o nam’d by the Spaniards, in the Confines ofNew Spain, to the moft
Northerly Borders of Cinoloa, a part of this Province, “containing, as is fupposd,
not much Jefsthan three hundred Leagues in length, and in breadth much move
;
and whereof nora tenth pattiseither usd or frequented by the Spania
rds.
The Air is generally here very temperate, inclining ratherto Heat
than Cold, Temperature
and fubje& now atidrhen ¢6 fidden Srormsof Rain, and great Claps of Thunder, and Nature
of the Coun-
which yetdonot hinder, but thar the Countrey is held to be'reafonably healthful, trey.

and the People obferv’d to live generally to a good old Age. The Soil,
by reafon
of the Climate, would bea little inclining to Drought, but ‘that, befide
s the free
quent Rains which, it hath, it is conftantly moiftned with frefh Morning
Dews,
which make it for the moft part wonderfully fruitful, almoft beyoid
belief, yield-
ing for every Buthel of Wheat chat is own, threefcore ; and of Maiz, two
hundred
for one ; befides great plenty of Sugar-Canes and Cochinele'; both
-which fieverthe-
lets the Spaniards axe {aid ro neglec& in fome fort, employing themfelves
wholly
about richer.Commodities :: for the Countrey affords them good 'ftore
of Mines of
_ Silver and Brafs, but of Gold or Tron, not many-as yet have been: found
: -Fhe Ri-
vers abound plentifully with Fifth, and the Woods with Venifony and
fome other
" wild Beafts.. The Countrey is generally more mountainous than plain,
frequently
Shaded with Woods,-and whole Forrefts of the ftatelieft PineeTrees' and Oaks that
areto be feen; amongft which breed abundance of Wolves, which do great
mif=
chief to the People, as alfo Scorpions and Mijtiechots:, The Hurts receiv’
d from
Scorpions, are heal’d with the Juice of the Fruit call’d Queon ; thofe’ from the My- -
fiiecho’s, by Vinegar and. the Juice of Lemthon. :Here is likewile a
green Stone,
accounted a, foveraign Medicine againft the Gravel. e% os |
The Trees peculiar to this Countrey, are, the Twids, already fpoken of int,
Gikati- Several forts
of. Tana
mala, and thought to be the fame we vulgarly -eall Indian Fig-Trees, and’are diftine Txegs,,..
guifh’d into fix forts. - | bStS dela vr 2 Ata ' Ati Ree
*»

‘The firtt, by the Portuguefe call’d Cardon, hath:fharp:Prickles, thitk Keaves, ‘fal -

. of flimy Juice, an odoriferous Flower, ‘oval (Fruit; ‘cover’d - witlt ati“Oranveb

colour’d Rind, and {niall Roots: The Fruit within confifts’of 4 awhite juicy; and
well tafted Pulp, full of black'Seed. 1 WOllsy dleq )
The fecond hath a round Body: full of Boughs, with Star-like Prickle
s hang-
ing downwa
the!rd
Flowers,
? white, -and the Fruit very ‘like that of thé Cardon,
Onely {mallets sbisr) ue c .
ak to i dale
- se
biat els {SadISS oil 2
as i;
- ion ve es EL are js
. a = Le * -
. .
oe . 2 " .
a rel “vs ,
. :
' C: . f
+ vee, ’ 4
- . “Le > Ves o Pas °
teak 4 : . : ; +g
 AMER 1C4. Chap. ‘VI.

= cle
aoma =—

‘prickly Cods;
The third isthe Caxabra, which fhoots Uptoa great Tree full of -
at the utmoft-end grows a Tiree white Flower; the Fruit, which.isas big again 2as
an Egg, is pleafant and cooling.
The fourth fort hath a ftraight Body full of Pricklessaruns leffer and leffer to the
_—
Oe
ee
top; atthe end of the {mall Boughs, eachthick Leaf produces ongcgat the Wood,
ee
--
if kindled, burns like a Candle.
The Gfch, nam’d Cumbeba, grows out of {mall Roots, with clineor fous corner’d
thick Leaves, full of Prickles, thé Flower fomewhat lefs than the former, the Fruit
oval, hard and red, having a aihike and juicy Pulp: The Prickles ofthis Cumbeba-
Tree are fo fharp, ana thick inj fo deep, that they can {catce be pull’d our. -This is
that fort of Tunas that produces Cochinele, ‘which is a Worm that grows under the
Leaves, and is.cover’d with a Skin, which being neatly taken off and dry’d in the
Sun, as formerly mention’d, becomesa rich Commodity. Jofeph de Acofta tells us,
that the Spanifh Fleet, Anno 1578. carried fo much Cochinele to Spain, as amounted to
two hundred eighty three thoufand feven hundred and fifty Ryals.
But the laft fore of the Tunas is the Unirumbeba, which hath a ftraight Body full
of Prickles, onthe top whereof grow divers prickly- Leaves, not unlike thofe of
the Palm-Tree.: It isonely found in barren places, remote from the Sea.
Moreover, all kind of Fruits tran{planted hither from Spain thrive very well,
as Apples, Pears, Granats, Figs, Peaches, A pricocks, Muskmelons, ee.
The Root
Caffannela.
« The Root Ca/tanuela ghicds a’ much better Feeding for Swine than Acorns. But ae
mongft many other Roots which are found here,as the ‘Xiguimas, Yaca, Cochuco,(ari,
The Batata, Totora and Mani, the chief isthe Batata, which is fat,fweet, and windy ;it rus over
the Ground spith a tough green Sprig, the new Fibres taking Root difperfedly up .
and down, being yellow withour, and within full of milky Juice ; the Leaf refem-
blingaHeart, is of a pale yellow colour on the top, and donuy underneath,
roafted in Afhes, it eats better than a Turnip: Ic isdivided into three forts.
The firft, call’d Omenapo-yeima, when boyl’d, fhews'like red Betel, bur Dyes of a
Skye-colour ; the innermoft Skin, which is of a dark Red, yields an Inkelike Juice.
The
 Ghap.: VI... AMERICA, 233
The fecondfort, call’d Parro, differs little from the firft, onely the Body, Root,
and. Veins ofthe Leaves, are of a Purple colour, a,
The third fore Jetiope, being white; hath a very. good rellifh, and cures the
Agiife sis qi lei. PR care Sree Mee | Severe e
The Pepper, which ishere call
Axi; 'd
grows in the warmeft Valleys, and the
more by being oftert water'd.s- thereiare
jof it divers kinds, differing’ in colour,
fmell, and tafte one from the other ; for-one fortis green, yellow, or red ; another
fore yields a ftrong musky-fcent ; and one fort is fharper, another milder: the
Veins and Kernels, thereof are eaten, with Sale.» 2 os se
The Herb:Cevadilla cures allmanner of Sores,’ ) oe oe
. This Countrey ,alfo breeds. an innumerable company of Deer, Hogs, Goats, Bealtd

Sheep, Oxen, and Horfes ; and of hurtful Creatures, Pifmires, which do great
mifchiefto the Plants, and Locufts, which fall in huge {warms on the Corn, and
cannot be frighted fromthe fame by any means whatfoever. “The want of Water
is alfo no {mall prejudice tothe Fields. _. | ; fara Ee
- The biggeft River, call’d Guadalajara, with many windings runs North-weltward
into the Southern Ocean; ‘and four Leagues from the City of thefame, falling
down. from’a fleep Rock, it -makes {uch a horrible noife, ‘that ic deafens thofe
which approach the fame. rie tie ueaee ec |
The Lake Mechoacan opens here alfo with a wide Mouth. -
The River before mention’d, produces all manner of Fifh in great abundance ; Two forts of
Hedge-hogs,
and alfo a fort of Hedge-hogs, call’d Iguana, which live both in the Water, and on
the Land, and are of two forts: The firft, call’d Senembi, is four Foot long, of a
deep green colour, with black and white Spots, hath a fcaly Skin, white Spots on
each fide of the Head, a row of fharp Prickles from the Head tothe Tail, wide ©
Noftrils, great black Eyes, and little Teeth. The fecond fort, call’d Tejaguacu, dif-
fers from the firft, in having white Spots on a brown Skin, a longer Tail, and a
red Tongue, whichis flit. Both forts are reported to faft eight Moneths together ;
and though often terribly wounded, and dead to all imagination, yet live a great
while after ;and though they fwim up and down in Rivers, yet they Lay their
Eggs in the Sand: their Flefh boyl’d is both wholfom; and of a good relifh. »
The Spaniards which inhabit New Gallicia,drive a confiderable Trade in Merchan- The manrer
of the Spani-
dizing, Husbandry, breeding of Cattel, and working in the Mines: They ule ards living,

Wayns and Carrs, drawn by Oxen, Mules, and Horfes,to carry their Loads, as al-
fo Spanifh Weights and Meafures. They are littletroubled withany other Mifchiefs
but what may happen from the treacherous Natives, who take all opportuniries to
run into the Woods, that there they may exercife their Pagan Religion in freedom ;
in which having {pent fome time, they gather a confiderable number together, and
oftentimes fall unawares on the Spaniards, who ufe Leather Shields and Helmets,
and furr’d Cotton Clothes, to fecure them from the Arrows which the Indians, ly-
ing in Ambufcades, fhoot at them out of the Bufhes.
' The Natives, though fubtile,
are lazy, and will not work, unlefs for great Re- The Nature;
Habits, ard
wards. They wear Cotton Shirts, fquare Cloaks of the fame Stuff, made faft with Cuftonss of
the Natives,
two Buttons on their Breafts ; Drawers, and foal’d Shoes : Flag-Matts ferve them
for Beds, on which they lie under Cotton Clothes: About their Necks, Arms,
and Legs, they wear green Stones, and Snale Shells for an Ornament. Their
greateft Recreation is Dancing, their Mufick being nothing elfe but the noife or
found of a piece of hollow Wood. Horfe-fleth, and Bread made of Maiz, is by
them accounted a great Dainty. The Drink Cacao is alfo highly efteem’d amongft
them ; but much more the Wine that they make of Maguey, which is the wonder-
ful
 AMERICA. | Chap. VI,
ful Tree that affords many neceffary things, viz. Syrrup, Honey, Oyl, Vinegar,
Yarn, Needles, Water, and Wine ; every Man making it his Bufinefsf@ plant and
preferve the fame with great care near his Houfe, notwithftanding they grow in
feveral places of the Fields ; they have broad thick Leaves with fharp ends, out of
which is drawn a Thorn, which ferves them for a Needle or Pin. Thefe Leaves
have a hairy Filament about them, which ferves in ftead of Thred: the young
Sprout being cut, produces a {weet Juice, which boyl’d,makes good Wine; when |
grown fowre, ferves for Vinegar ; but being twice boyl’d, becomes a Syrrup ; and
being hung over the Fire a third time, a perfect Honey : Alfo the Wood being
fpungic,keeps Fire as wellas Match. Moreover, the Inhabitants when they trayel,
carry Leather Bags with them full of (acao, Maiz, and Pepper, mix’d together. 7
Over each Village in this Countrey the Spaniards have plac’d an Indian (afique,~~
Alcalde, and Alguazil, where all forts of Provifions are fold at a Set-price..
The Cafiques are fucceeded by their Heirs, who refent nothing worle than Afe
fronts, and take pride in nothing more than their Valour. “i
The Moors or Negro’s which are brought hither from Guinee, do all manner of
hard Labour. | | |
The Guachichiles and Guamares area valiant People, and have each their peculiar
Language, utterly different from the Mexican. | |
Divifion of | "This Countrey comprehends thefe inferior Provinces : 1. Guadalajara ; 24 Xa-
ia ‘ifco; 3« Chiametta ; 4. Conliacan ; 5. Cinueloa; allof them on the Weftern Shore,
6. Zacatecas, to whichfome add Nova Bifcaiaand Nova Mexico, though others trea
of them as diftinct Countreys apart from the reft. ;

Sect ih

Guadala jara.
Bounds of Cy
Guadalajara.
is bounded onthe Weft, with Xalifco; onthe South and South-
Welt, with New Spain ; and onthe North, with Zacatecas. It is a Couns
trey exceeding pleafant, and rich in all kind of Commodities, but efpeci-
ally in its Mines of Silver. It is well water’d with the River Barania, which runs
neth through the midft of ic, and with divers other Streams: yielding abundantly
both Wheat, Maiz, and fome other Grain. Ina word, there is nothing faid of the
properties of New Gallicia in general, either for Soil, Climate, or People, but is pee
culiarly verifi'd of this Province.
Towns and The chief Towns are 1. Guadalajara, which gives Name to the whole Province.
ii It is feated on the Banks of,the River Barania, ina moft delectable and {weet Air,
and a rich Soil, by advantage whereof it is become the Metropolis of New Gallicia,
honour’d with an Epifcopal See, which was tranflated thither from (ompoftella in
the Year 1570. with the Courts of Judicature, and the Refidence of the King’s
Treafurers for that Province. ‘This City was buile on the Plain Molino, by Nunnez
de Guxman, in the Year1531. The neighboring Mountains afford ftore of Timber.
All manner of Spanifh Plants grow here likewife in great plenty. In the City is a
Cathedral, feveral Cloyfters, inhabited by Auguftine and Francifcan Monks. The
Bifhop of this City belongs to the Arch-bifhop of Mexico. The Air very tempe-
rate, neither molefting the Inhabitants with toogreat Cold, nor excefs of Heat.
2. St. Maria de los Lagos, a Town thirty Leagues Eaftward of Guadalajara, being
a Fronteer Place, and built on purpofe to fecure the Countrey againft the Chiche-
_ mece, which are a barbarous and unreduc’d People of the North-Eaft parts of this
| Countrey,
 -"

Chap: VRB CO AME RAT OA : LT,

Countreyyewho harbouring themfelves in Caves under Ground in the thickeft of
huge W and Forrefts, do oftentimes iffue out, and make foul fpoil in the
Countrey where they come, having firft intoxicated themfelves with a Liquor
made of certain Roots,’and would do much more harm, if it were not for this
Garrifon. |
3. Del Spiritu Santo, built by the Founder of the other two, vig. Nunnex de Guf-
man aforefaid, in'a part of the Countrey which they call Tepeque.

Sect. III.
.

CS

%
f
Xalifco.
» Alico, or Galefco, as fome call it, is bounded on the North, with Couliacan » Bounds: and
_ onthe South, with fome parts of New Spain; on the Eaft, with the Pro« Defcription
of zal
;

vince of Guadalajara, and on the Weft, with the Gulf or Bay of (alifornia.
The Countrey is chiefly fertile-in Maiz and Mines of Silver, not altogether {fo ape
for. Herbage and Pafture as fome other Countreys about it. ‘The People were Can-
nibals before the Spaniards came amongft them, eating Man’s-flefh, were much
given'to quarrelling and Contentions amoneft themfelves, but by this time, ’tis
fuppos'd they are reafonably well reclaim’d both from the one and the other.
_ Inthis Countrey, befides many other goodly ‘Streams, is the Great and famous towns of
River Barania, on the Banks whereof. are feared moft of their principal Towns, See
as 1. Xalifco, which gives Nameto. the whole Province, andtoa large Promontory
or Foreland on the Weftern Coafts, which fhoots it felf out into the Bay of (ali-
fornia, right over againft certain Iflands, which the Spaniards call The Three Maries.
This was an ancient City or Town of the Natives, but fack’d and taken by Nunnex
de Gufman, inthe Year 1530.
2. Compoftella, built by the aforefaid Gufman, and fo nam’d from the City in
Spain, fo famous for the Grave of James the Apoftle, who (according to the Roman
Writers)’ was buried there, lies near the South Sea ona barren Soil, within the
Torrid Zone ; yet the Ground breeds many forts of Vermine, befides other noxiou
s
Creatures ; amongft which the (apybara roots up whole Trees and other Plants in
the Night. - This Beaft, refembling an indifferent large Hog, hath fhore Legs and
Claws, thick Head, with a Beard, wide Ears, and on each Jaw-bone twenty for
Teeth, befides two Tusks, butio Tail; ic goes flow, but fwims exceeding faft,
and cr here Water for a confiderable time together; they often feed together
in great Herds, and'make a terrible noife. |
“<3. La Purification, a {mall Town on the Sea fide, towards the Confines of New
4

Spain. iT +2 sg Lie

“Sect. TV.

Chiametla.
ay, Gain Xalifco juts Chiametla,along the South Sea, where the Inhabitants wear centlen ot
“| fhort Cloaks, and Deer-skin Shoes; and in the Wars ufe Shields made of .
ftrong Twigs cwifted together. The Women, which are indifferent Kand-
_ fom, are clad down to their Feet.
The chief Town of this Province is Sant Sebaftian, fo call’d from the River upon irk adhy
Which it ftands , itwas built by Captain Francifcus de Yvarra, Anno 1554,
who difcos "=
| or Ff vering
'
 AMERICA. Chap. VI.
vering many Silver Mines, hath made feveral Melting:aos Vb
in al
Silver
being melted (wins upon theLead.

V. oR
ag
aa
Secr.

Couliacan.
Bounds
Couliacan,
of
Ext to Chizmeele Weftward and Southward of Cinoloa, lies Couliacan, Coaft-
N ing all along the Bay of (alifornia, which it hath on the Weft; on the
Eaft it hath New Bifcay ; and on the South, Xalifco. The Countrey.iis not
defective inany kind of neceflary Provifion, but more efpecially it aboundeth with
Fruits of all forts. But the Spaniards look onely at the Mines, of which they. have
fome few inthis Countrey. The People were generally Cloth’d with: Cotton-
Wooll when the Spaniards came firft among them, but yet never a whit the more
modeft, being exceedingly given to Venery, acidthatin a more Siamelee and
beaftly manner than many other Americans who went naked.
The Spanifh Towns are thefe, 1. Hinftula, feated on the Banks of a ‘fairrear
diftant about a days Journey from the Sea. 2. Quinola, 3. Quatrobarrios, an old
Town of ‘the Natives, but new nam'd by the Spaniards. 4. El Leon, an old Bure
rough. -§. (onliacan, thiechief Town of the Province. 6, St. Michael, in the Valley
of Mita, two Leagues diftant from the Sea, in a richand plentiful Countrey, both
for Corn “ad Fruit, whither ic was remov ‘4 from the Banks of the River Orala,
where it firft Rood ; it was built by Nuwnex de Gufman in the Year 1531.after oa
had burnt the Towns, and deftroy’d a great number of the Natives, Inhabitants of
the Countrey.
Nunnez de
Gufman firlt This Countrey was firft difcover’d by the aforefaid Nunnex de Gufman (afcer he
Difcoverer §
of this Coun- had built Guadalajara) after this manner : Marching from (hiametla to Piatzala, he
trey.
tuin’d this Province with Fire and Sword : he likewife conquer’d the Countre
of Zapuatun and Piaztla, the firft being a Plain, lay inclos’d within high Moun;
tains, where the Spaniards met none but Women, till they came to a great River
call’ d De'la Sall, whofe Banks on each fide were well inhabited, the’ fecond juts
|
againft the Ocean, and is water’d by a River of the fame Desomunation. Here,
within the Houfes, (which are built after a ftrange manner) lay thoufands of Ser-
pents mingled togeth er, with their Heads-fticking out on the top :andat the fi
and hiffing with open Mouth at thofe which approached them. The Inhabitants
fhew’d great Reverence to thefe Serpents, becaufe (as they faid) the Devil often aap-
pear'd to them in thatform. And this feems to bea Cuftome :among them from
the Tradition of Eves being tempted by the Devil in the fhape of a Serpent : Nor
was this Superftition peculiar onely to thefe Indians, forafmuch as divers Nations
ofthe ancient Heathens of other parts of the World,-worfhipp’d the Likenefs of a
Serpent. And even amongft the Greeks, according to Plutarch, Hlefychins, Clemens
Alexandrinus, and others, it was no unufual thing in their religious Worfhip to call
on Eva, and atthe fame time to fhew a Serpent. Plutarchus and Ahanus fay, ‘That
the Aeyptians honour’d a Serpent for their God. ‘The fame faith Fra/mus Stella of
the old Prufsians ;Sigifmund Baro, of the Liflanders; and Alexander Guagir , of he
Sarmatians and Samogethes. Moreover, fome write, thatin the Province aeCale
are Serpents with exceeding great Heads, and weighing as much as a great ae
to which the King fhews great Reverence; fo that it feems the Devil takes delic
“a
- -

to be worfhip’d in that fhape wherein he work'd the Fall of Man-kind, al

—
at
——
=a
ae
=

nl
=.
e =-
Gufman leaving Piaztla march’d to Bayla, where he found the teat River De Mi
es~out
-
a=
att
@u
. Zeres,

">x

St
ee
ae=,
. —=

—
Chap. VI. ° AMERICA.

———. a
See

geres, and the Countrey full of Woods and Paftures: thence travelling upwards
along Mugueres, they afcended tothe top of a Mountain, where they were aflaulted.
by the Inhabitants of the aforefaid Village Quinola, whom neverthelefs they foon
put to flight, but not long after receiv’d a fhrew’d Repulfe at the Entrance into a
Wood built full of Houfes ; yet neverthelefs being at length Conquerors, though .
not without fufficient lofs, they march’d farther in amongft the Mountains, till
their Provifions beginning to grow {carce, and they feeing no likelihood fy get-
ting to an end of this troublefom Journey, at laft their Neceffities forc’dthemto _
retire.
The Flood which comes out of the Sea upto the City St. Michael, through the The’ Fith
Guarapucn,

River (ignatlan, abounds with Fifh, and efpecially the Guarapacu, which is feven
Foot long whenit comes to its full growth ; it hath no Scales, but a{mooth Skin
of a Silver colour mix’d with Green: from the Head tothe Tail runs a crooked
Line of thin Scaleson each fide; it fwims exceeding fwift, feeds on leffer Fifhes,
and {pawns in the Sea: the Flefh being wholfom and good to eat, is falted up
againft Winter. At the fame Place is alfo the Piracarba, which fhines exceedingly, The Pirae
carba,
having Silver-colour’d Scales, a broad flit Tail, a long white Beard, four great
Fins, and a little Head. Farther into the Sea are a fort of flying Fith, call’d Pira-
bebes, which rife by thoufands up out of the Water, fo efcaping the Dolphins and Flying Fithes,

other Fifth which prey on them ; yet fometimes they are {natch’d up by the Birds,
or elfe by the Fifhes; when they dive down into the Water to wet their own
Wings, which confift of a thin Skin, diftinguifh’d in length by tough Fins. Thefe
flying Fith alfo differ much one From another, for moft of them are like Herrings;
others havea thick Head, round before like the Dolphins.
Moreover, the Countrey about St. Michael was always well inhabited. The
Houles, being artificially built, were adorn’d onthe top with many ob{cene Ima-
ges, and venereal Reprefentations : But fince the Spaniards have conquer’d this
Countrey they have deftroy’d them, and built other Houfes in their ftead, and alfo
beftow’d much coft and labour on the Silver Mines De las Virgines.
Ff 2 SECT.
 ’
o

AMERICA.
— r_ Secr. VI. q

>!
—=
a———
>
2:
=<
—«<
_ =a“ Cinoloa.
cud
a ew)
7~ = -i
ie
— -
a
oe
_--
=~r.

Inoloa is the moft Northern part of New Gallic ia, bounded on the Weft, with
Lem ad ,
C; fome part of the Gulf or Bay of California on the Eaft, with alon Ridg g e
Cibola; and
of Mountains, which they call Tepec/uan ;on the North, with
lity of the whole
ee
pee
ae
a
with Couliacan on the South. This Country,befides the general ferti
n whereof
zm
-—
&
Province of New Gallicia, yields great ftore of Cotton-Wool, by reafo
elfe-
both Men and Women here are better Apparell’d, for the moft part, than
e

—a
e Se

h defcend
where the Americans are ; isexceedingly well water’'d with Rivers, whic
nt from
from thofe Mountains Tepec/uan, not above thirty or forty Leagues difta
drous glidings, do
the Sea; and which, with the variety of their Streams and Mean
divide the Countrey into many and good Paftures, which are likewife ftor’ d with
ti |
abundance of Kine, Oxen, and other Cattel.
The chief Towns poffefs’d by the Spaniards are 1. St. Philip and Jacob, feated
ues
towards the Sea fide, on the Banks of a fair River, about thirty or forty Leag
—===
“ we
= ~-

|
ee
er
See
a==:

diftant from the Town of Couliacan.

ifco de
2. St. Jobn de Cinoloa, an ancient Colony of Spaniards, fetled there by Franc
fome few
Yvarra, in the Year 1554, which is all they have in this Countrey, except
furnifh’d ;
old Forts of the Natives, which they found, after their manner, poorly
but have fince repair’d them for Defence againft the Natives of thofe Parts, which
as yet remain unreduc’d. |
ee This Province was alfo difcover’d by Nunnex de Gufman, who having refted
River Pee
Travel, forme Weeks in St. Michael, proceeding on his Way, he Ferried over the
tatlan, which receiv’d that Denomination becaufe the Houfes were cover’d with
Mats, by the Indians call’d Petat.
The People hereabouts were generally Man-eaters.
es
Eighteen Leagues farther runs the River Tamochala, which hath many Villag
on both fides thereof. |
Between Petatlan and Tamocbala lie feveral defolate Wilderneffes, and Woods of
the Brafile-Tree. | | : |
But Gu/man travelling up twenty feven Leagues along the foresmention’d Ri-
ver Tamochala, came to the Province Cinoloa, where they ftay’d fix Weeks, by rear
fon of the abundance of Rains ; during which time the Villagers provided them
their
Turtle-Doves, Hares, Rabbets, and all forts of Fowls ; but at laft deferted
Habitations inthe Night : after which the Spaniards crofling Tamochala went along
fe
a barren Defart, where (had they not found Water in certain Wells, and likewi
ftore of Juice out of the TunaseTrees) they had without doubt perifh’d ; at laft get.
ting over the River Yaguinu, they found a deferted Village, out of which a broad
where
Path led along the Stream ; whither Gu/man marching, he came into a Plain, Spanifh
were routed by the
he fpy’d feveral Indians, which after fome refiftance
: : | |
Horfe.
of
The Villages built on the Banks of the River Tagninn, as alfo the Language
i |
the Inhabitants differ little from the former.
theme
‘Not far from hence a Ridge of Hills runs into the Sea, and alfo extend
felves a hundred Leagues towards Xalifco.
SECT
GhpoME AA MERTCA 289

ee Sect. Vik
Zacatecas.
Bounds and
T: Zacatecas, as they call them, are bounded on the South, with Guadala- Defcription
of Zacatecat.
lajara; onthe North, with New Bifcay ; on the Weft, with (ouliacan and
fome part of Xalifco; and on the Eaft, with New Spain.» The Countrey,
efpecially the more Weftern part of it, is very rich in Silver Mines, no Province of
this part of America richer; but not fo apt either for Wheat or-Maiz, But the Ea-
flérn parts of it are abundantly ftor’d with all forts of Fruits, the Woods every
where replenifh’d with Deer, the Fields no lefs with Corn, and every Tree almoft
giving Entertainment to fome Bird or other.
The Towns are 1. Las Zacatecas, forty Leagues diftant SL Giadaliiare. and Towns
Villages,
and

fourfcore from Mexico, but neighbor’d with moft rich Mines, and therefore both
Garrifon’d and well peopled by the Spaniards ; for “tis fuppos'd there are no lefs
than five hundred Families of them in the Town,and about the Mines.
2. St. Martins, rwenty feven Leagues diftant from Zacatecas, and as richa Place,
having a Colony of four hundred Spaniards at leaft.
3. St. Lucas de Avinno. 4. Erena, lefler Towns, but both of them rich, and feated
in fnmidft of excellent Mines.
. Nombre de Dios, in the moft Northerly part of this. Countrey, fixty eight
i irsdiftant from Guadalajara, and founded by the aforefaid Francifco de Yvarra,
who having fubdu’d and quieted the Natives, and thereby gain’d to himfelf the
Government of thefe Countreys, granted the propriety of fome Silver Mines both
to the Spaniards and to the Natives, and by that means drew fo many of them thi-
ther, that ina fhort time it became the chiefeft and beft peopled town of the whole
Province.
6. Durango, in she Valley of Guadiana, eight Leagues diftant from Nombre de
Dios, and built by Yvarra.
7. Deres de Frontera, a Place built on purpofe for the reprefling of the Chichemeca
4 forefaid, -and other Salvages that infefted the’ Borders of Guadalajara, in the Ree
gency ef the Marquefs of Villa Manrique.
8. Laft, St. Lewis, built by Alonfo Pacheco, in that part of the au which is
call’d Uxitipa, and peopled by him with a Colony of Spaniards, being diftant about
twenty Leagues from Panuco i in New Spain, to which the whole Countrey of Hits.
once belong’d.
*The aforefaid Francifcws de Yvarra, “Anno 1554. difcover’d the Mine cdi’ d Sant Several!
Mines difco«
Martin, and fince alfo Lucas Avinno, the Mine Del Sombrereto, lying near the City Del ver'd by the
Spaniards,
Erena: bur the Mines De los Ranchos, Chalchuites, De las Nieves, and Del Frifuillo, would
produce much more Silver, if the Mine-works were ftor’d with Quick-filver, The
Vice-Roy of New Spain, nam *d Lodowick de Velafco, order’d a certain number of Sol-
diers, Slaves, Horfes and Mules, for every Mine, to defend the Workmen from the
Affaults of the Natives, which oftentimes Sallied out upon them, Moreover, Vee
lafco {ent Priefts through all the Countrey to Preach the Go/pel: But Yvarra having
the care of the Priefts, guarded them with a company of Soldiers, ‘and in his Way
difcover’d the Valley San Juan, and the River De las Nacos, where he conquer *d
the rebelling Natives.
Near the Silver Mine Sant Martins the Monks built a Cloyfter ;.after which Yvarra
gave free leave’ to all that would, to dig in the Mine at Ayinno, which he had
Ff 3 bought,
 ‘, "+

AMERICA . Chap. VIL

bought, on condition they fhould pay the real fifth part of what they got, to the
Spanifh King : which Priviledge ftirr’d up many, infomuch that Avinno in a fhort
time grew very populous. Yvarra, though having brought his Bufinefs to this pafs;
could not reft, but fent Antonius Pacheco to a Valley in Guadiana, to build the fore.
mention’d City Durango, where feveral Rivers make a convenient and delightful
place for Habitation, whither Yvarra follow’d three Moneths after, and finifh’d the
new Town. But the chiefeft Silver Mines, which borrow their Denominations
from the Province Zacatecas, are: continually guarded by five hundred Spaniards,
| rer
and as many Slaves.

SiS SeSiS eS SaSeSS ee eS i SeSeSS SiSSS Se Si ie ei ei i iS SS SiSS

CHAP. VII.
New Bifcay.

Bovnds of N= Bifcay, by fome accounted a Province of New Gallicia, hath on the South,
Zacatecas, on the Weft, the Countrey of Cinoloa ; Northward it is boun-
New Bifcay.

ded with New Mexico, the Eaftérn Borders of it looking towards Florida,
not yet well difcover’d : fo call’d bythe Spaniards, onely from:itsneighborhood. to
New Gallicid. tis, as the other Provinces, exceeding rich in Silver Mines, and hath
fome alfo of Lead ; which ferve principally, as fome fay, for the refining or pur-
ging of the other Metal. The People generally are of a ftout and refolute Difpo-
fition, and with much difficulty fubmitting to the Yoke; yea, the Spaniards them-
felves confefs, that there remain yet to this day four great Towns unreduc’d,
_ though they lie, as it were, in the mid-way, betwixt the Zacatecas aforefaid, and the
Mines and Town of St. Barbara of this Province ; The Spaniards call them Las Qua-
tro Ceinegas, ot The Four Quagmires, as lying, perhaps, in the Marfhes, or in fome
Fenny and lower parts of the Countrey. | } |
Towns and The Towns which themfelves hold, are, 1. St. Barbara, famous for the rich
Cites.
Mines about it. | | |
2. St. fobns, equal to the other, and not above three or four Leagues diftant
from it. !
3. Ende, themoft Northerly Town which the Spaniards have in this Countrey,
diftant about twenty Leagues from the other. i US ar)
Thele be all Colonies of the Spaniards, and built on purpofe for fecuring the
Mines; which when they were firft difcover’d by Yvarra, he order’d Roderigo del Rio
to guard the fame, and took up his Winter Quarters at St. Juanin a ftrong Houle,
ftor’d with all manner of Provifions, and erected there by him, as a -place of de-
fence againft the Chichimece, who (though the Spaniards kept the place ‘with ftrong
Guards) kill’d above four hundred of their Horfes and Mules ; which lofs no way
daunted him, fo as to change his Refolution of going to Topia :| whither travelling,
he found many fnowy Mountains, and fuffér’d extream Cold, which kill’d moft of
their Horfes; being een fifteen days after to ftand {o ftiffly frozen, as if ftill alive:
at laft getting within the Borders of Topia, after he had fuffer’d many inconveni-
ences, he was oppos'd by the Inhabitants, till he pacifi'd them with Prefents,

SECT.
 Chap. VIII. AMERICA, ‘gi
Sect. If. | *

TYir Countrey hath many convenient Havens, viz. San Jago, Navidad, Ma= Cenverien
lacca, Chacalla, below the Promontory Corientes, the Bay Xalifco, the Road Xew
davens. of
Gallic:
Maffatlan, and Chiametla, fo call’d from a Town about eleven Leagues
from the Ocean. | we |
Here, and in feveral places of New Gallicia, grow Lillies, Rofes, Violets, Jeffa-
mins, and many other Flowers ; amongft which the Floripondium deferves peculiar
obfervation, becaule it flourifhes the whole Year; and its white Blofloms, which
are bigger than Lillies, opening in the Morning, yield an exceeding fweet finell.
Inno lefs efteem is the Murucuia, by the Spaniards call'd Granadilla, which will Legdbhety
not grow, if bereav’d of any of its Leaves: it bearsa Flower from the refem-
blance of our Saviour’s Suffering, call’d The Pafsion- Flower, which exceeds the bigceft
Rofe in circumference ; the uppermoft Leaves green, thofe underneath ofapurple
colour; onthe top hangs a round Buth of a thoufand interwoven threds of divers
colours, diftinguifh’d by whice and red Specks ; the pale Stalk which fticks in the
middle of the Flower,is divided into five others, that bend.downwards with 4 yel-
low Button-like Knob ; on the middlemoft Stalk ftands a pale yellow Flower,
which appears three hours after Sun-rifing, and clofes again a little before Suncfer :
the Fruit, which is very round, {mooth, and of a pale Green, hath white Specks, a
thick Rind, Saffron-colourPulp,’d’ which is wholfom, of a good rellifh, and hath
abundance of black Seeds inclos’d in little Husks. '

STIRS TRSTRSTSSie SaaS SieiS Se SS eS 9S Se Seieea

,

ee
CHAP. Vill.

New, Mexico. »
Ew Mexico (as’tis call’d for diftingtion’s fake) is bounded on the South-Welt, Bounds
of
N with New Bifcay; more diredtly Weftward, with fome parts of
Quivira, *” “eae
- the Countreys Northward of it not yet difcover’d ,; Eaftward
it extends
it felf as far as Florida. | |
This Province doubtle{s for largenefs may compare with New Galicia, having >
been fearch’d and difcover’d by the Spaniards above a hundred, fome fay
two hun-
dred Leagues direétly Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft: and they report’ Wonde
rs
of it, if we may believe them, at-leaf in refpec&t of what was gener
ally found in
thefe Northern parts of America at their Arf Difcovery ;* as namely,
That they have
Towns fairly and well buile of Lime and Stone, Houfes of four Stories
high, and
moft of them provided with Stoves forthe Winter Seafon, as well as
any in Europe ;
the Streets fairand broad, and the People as curious and expert in
divers Arts and
Manufaétures as any of theirs. More particularly they tell
us of a Town call’d
Chia, of the Province of Cuames, {o big, that it is faid to conta
in eight feveral Mar~
ket-places. Another call’d Acoma, agreat Town, but feated
on the top of an high
Rock, without any ordinary way ofaccefs to it, but by a pair of
Stairs hewn out
of the hard Stone, or elfe by certain.Ladders, which the Inhab
itants let down and
takeupas they pleafe. And likewife of athird, which they call Conibas, containing
,
as they fay, no lef§ than feven Leagues in length, and about half
fomuch in breadth,
feated
 AMERICA. Chap. VIII.
feated upon a Lake, but fcatteringly built, and much ofthe {pace taken up with
Mountains and many fair Gardens, in the midft of which the Town ftandeth,
of all which more hereafter. This is certain, that the Countrey to which they give
the Name of New Mexicé, is of a vaft extent, reaching from the Mines of St. Barbara —
in New Bifcay Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, above two hundred Leagues al-
ready difcover’d, but doubtlefs taking up no {mall partof thofe Countreys which
are fometimes aflign’d to Florida, if not of the Confines of Virginia alfo.
Travels of
Ruyz Efpejns This Countrey was firft, Aino 1581. difcover’d by a Francifcan Monk, nam’d
and others.
Augn/line Rayx, who with two other Monks of his Order, got eight Soldiers of
Conde de Coruna, Vice-Roy of New Spain, for his Companions ; with whom he trae
vell’d from the Valley Sant Bartholomew, to the Province De los Tiguas, where one
of the two Monks was kill’d by the Natives, which occafion’d fuch a fear amongft
the Souldiers, who judg’d themfelves too weak to make any refiftance, that they
refoly’d to return, notwithftanding all the arguments which Ruyz usd to diflwade
:
:
4
whe
;
ils
> 2
: them from it; yet neverthelefs he and his Brother Francifcus Lopex, and four Indis
ans, went onward of their Journey; which news the Souldiers carried back to
‘
/. ar
| | i

' :

r
the Francifcans in Sant Bartholomew, who fearing theit Brethren would be deftroy’d,
fent feveral Souldiers anda Monk, call’d Bernardyn Beltran, after them, who were
4

{
i

alfo accompanied by Antony Ejpejus,who {pent a great part of his Eftate in raifing of
oh : é
oo
+} i)
‘ -

niet? Men, providing Arms and Provifions, loading therewith a hundred and fifty
- '

‘ ;
“eh thee
Lu
'
:
oo

ii
!
Rt
a
i
Horles and Mules; with whichhe travell’d dire& North from the fore-mention’d
Valley, and after two days Journey found a People call’d Conchi, who went naked,
+ :
i 1
; UO

and liv’din Huts built.together like a Village: They were Govern’d by Cafiques,
’ ae |
taal

: ve

| r 4 a.
®

le fed on Hares, Deer, Rabbets, Maiz, Calabafhes, and Melons. Several adjacent Ri-
ihe
a »\ I vers afford them plenty of Fifh. They were amaz’d atthe Crofles which the Spa-
niards there erected, till they were inform’d of a Crucifi'd Saviour. Espejus being
| . "
tip)ty iy hi
tia |

v !
‘ H
: |

\ + every where kindly Entertain’d amongft them, and conducted twenty two Leagues
r |
hl
-
7!
: a

in
A
4

farther, came amongft the Indidns call’d Paffaguates, of the like Conftitution with the:
r '
Conchi’s; who had skill in Minerals, and judg’d that there were many Silver Mines
in that Countrey, From whience the Paffaguates travell’d with the Spaniards to the
-
yr

Borders of the Los Tobofos, who no fooner faw them, but they fled, becaufe a few
years before they had been miferably deale with by the Spaniards;but being inform’d
by the Interpreters, that they needed not be afraid of any thing, they allappear’d,
and condudted Efpejus to the Borders of the Patarabueyes; which People poflefs 2
large Countrey, Stone Houfes and Villages built in good order. Great Rivers
which come out of the North, and others that difembogu’d into the North Sea, af-
forded them all forts of Fifh; as alfo the Woods plenty of Venifon, Fowls, and
wholfom Plants. In fome Pools alfo the falt Water afforded Salt. ‘
_ The Valour of the Inhabitants may fufficiently appear by the rough Entertain-
ment which the Spaniards met withall the firft Night; forthe Patarabueyes fell fo
fiercely upon them, that had not the Watch given notice thereof in time, none had
efcap'd with Life; neverthelefs five Horfes were kill’d, and a confiderable num-
ber of Men wounded-: after which retreating, they went upona neighboring Hill,
whither Espejus fent his, Interpreter, and an Indian the fame Countrey, to inform
them, That the Spaniards came not to moleft them, and if they pleas'd to cometo
them, they fhould meet with none but Friends ;, which was the more eafily credis
ted, becaufe the Cafiques receiv’d fome Prefents ; after which being reconcild, they
conduéted the Spaniards twelve days Journey up a long River, whofe Banks were
inhabited in feveral places. Fromthence they reach’d to a Place, inhabited bya
People richly Cloth’d, who alfo feem’dtohaye fome knowledge of God;: for in
. their
 Chap. VIII. . AMERICA, 19}
their Difcourfe they pointed up-to Heayen, call’d the Creatar and Preferver of all
things Apalito, and fignifi'd that they had receiv’d that Knowledge formerly from
thofe that were left of Pamphilins Narvaex’s Army, who having rang’d through
Florida were driven hither. bt.
-Thele People alfo Prefented E/pejus many tann’d Skins, with which he went
to
a great Village, the Inhabitants whereof were very courteous, and barter’d them
for brave Plumes of Feathers and Cotton Cloaks, ftreak’d with blue and white:
but E/pejus having no Interpreters whom they could underftand, could not learn
by what Name they were known,yet by figns they exprefs'd what time of the year
they had Precious Stones brought to them ; and alfo what their Countrey produs
eed ; and alfo that abundance of thofe Riches was to be found in a Province about
five days Journey Weftward from thence, whither they freely offer’'d to condud
the Spaniards, which accordingly they did, bearing them company one and twenty
Leagues to the next Province, inhabited by a People whofe Name alfo they could
not be inform’d of,yet ftaying three days amongft them,they were Entertain’d with
Prefents and Dances both Nightand Day. The Countrey afforded them alfo ftore
of Venifon and Fruits : Thofe that underftood Minerals, judg’d that there were
likewife feveral Gold Mines.
Leaving this Province, they entred into a great Wildernefs of Pine-Trees, in
which they travell’d twelve Leagues in fifteen days, without feeing either Man
or Houfe ; but at the end of the Wood they {py’d a Village of Straw Huts, where
there were great quantities of white Salt, and Deer Skins neatly drefs’d, The Peo-
ple of the Place courteoufly Entertain’d the Spaniards, and conduéted them along
the River Del Norte,to New Mexico: The Banks of the River on each fide was plan-
ted with Nut-Trees and Vines, which {pread themfelves out above three Leagues ;
through which they had fcarce pafs’d three days together, when they faw ten POs
pulous Villages pleafantlyfeated on the {aid River, from whence came ma ny thou-
fands of the Natives to meet E/pejus, who was not fo much amaz’d at the great
number of People, as at their extraordinary Civility and decent Habits. for they
Entertain’d him with well drefs’d Meat, roafted Poultrey, and pleafant Fruits:
Their Garments were Cotton Cloaks, Deer-skin Breeches, Shoes and Boots of good
Leather. ‘The Women wore their Hair neatly Comb’d and Pleited. Their Houfes:
were almoft four Stories high, handfomely built, and divided into fair Chambers,
had Stoves or Cells under Ground againft the Cold in the Winter. Every Village
was Govern’d by a Cafique,whofe Commands were publifh’d by the Alguaziles, Each
Houle had a peculiar place in which their Idol ftood, before whom they fet Meat
twice a day. Near the High-ways ftood Temples very curioully painted, wherein
their Deity, as they fay, diverted himfelf in his Progrefs from one Village to ano-
ther. At certain Diftances near their Plough’d Lands, ftood Portico’s, fupported on
four Columns, under which the Husband-man us’d to eat, and take his Noon-fleep,
Befides their Swords, which were ftrong enough to cut a Man through the Middle,
they us’'d Bowes and Arrows: Their Shields were made of Deer Skins.
Efpejus having ftay’d here four days, went to the Province De las Tiguas, which
had fixteen Villages , in the chiefeft whereof, call’d Poala, Auguftine Ruyz, and his
Brother Monk Francifcus de Lopex had been flain, befides four others; wherefore
the People being con{cious of this Crime, and fearing that Revenge would follow,
‘Hed to the Mountains, from whence they could not be enticed, whilft the Spaniards
found their Houfes full of Provifions and fome Minerals,
Now thole being dead whom they fought for, fome thought it convenient to re-
turn’; but A/pejus and Beltran perfwaded the contrary, alledging, That farther up,
according
 AMER 1C 4. Chap. VUE. .
according to the Indians information, lay feveral Provinces which were worth the)
whilft
difcovery, and advis'd that the chiefeft part of their Forces might ftay there,
y, which accor-
they and fome few refolure Men went farther upon the Difcover
dingly was perform’d. Efpejus having travell’d two days, came into a fruitful
d by
Province, jutting againft Cibola, in which he found eleven. Villages, inhabite
worfhipp’d
a>?
ee
4 ‘ _= ,:
above fourteen thoufand People, who were clad in Skins and Cotton,
many Idols, and receiv’d the Spaniards with great Civility.
Thelike Entertainment they met withall in: the Countrey Los Quires, wath’d by
che River Del Norte; near which ftood five Villages, inhabited by about fifteen
7
= = °-a

“ae
r=
ew
~4OF< thoufand People. 5
Thirteen Leagues farther they found De los Cunames, having alfo five Villages, the
—
~_
‘=~aa
7

chiefeft of which being Cia, boafted (as above mention’d) eight Marketplaces:
+2
~Pa
a3a?
=~~.

-“ ==

The Houfes, made of Lime, were neatly Painted, and compris’d in all above
twenty thoufand Perfons, all civil People, who prefented /pejus and his Company
-—
od,
9
7- _:—. —_ "—
r~
nai
en,
e<: 4i=—-
e=
aul
a"
<~~—:

=
.:-==, —*
2a
=—a
jae 3
ae
a .ad
soo-_-~~
-—
=
-: ——
= a ny
*)
==
——
—Ss
—

rich
with handfom Cloaks, fet good boyl’d Meat before them, and fhew’d them
Minerals, and the Mountains out of which they got the fame. '
Of the like Conftitution were the Inhabitants De los Amires, which being thirty
- thoufand in number, refided in feven well built Villages, lying North-Weft from
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(unames. ‘i Bit a
After this théy march’d Weftward, and found the eminent Village Acoma, men-
tion’d before, built on an exceeding high Rock, to which led onely a narrow Path
up a pair of Stairs cut inthe Rock; as alfo many Wells to receive Rain, -befides
r——_—s?
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what they have out. of a River, led by Moats round about their Plough’d Lands,
The Spaniards ftaying here three days, were Entertain’d with all forts of good Meat,
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Dances and Drolls. | | i

From hence travelling twenty four Leagues more Wefterly, they entred the Pros
vince of Zuny; where the erected Croffes which had: remain’d there till that time,
were fufficient teftimonies of Cornaro’s having been there, after he was deferted by
Andreas de Cuyocan. Cafper de Mexico, and Antonius de Guadalajara, being ferled on Zuny,
(otherwife call’d Cibola) and {peaking the Indian Tongue better than their Native
Language, inform’d Efpejus, that fixty days Journey farther Jay a great Lake,
whofe Shores were crown’d with many brave Villages, inhabited by a People
which wore Golden Armlets and Ear-rings ; whither Francifcus Vafquez, had gone
a fecond time, had not Death prevented him. This Information fo encourag’d
E/pejus, that notwithftanding it was fo great a Journey, yet he refolv’d to venture
thither, though the Monk Beltran and moft of his Company perf{waded him to the
contrary ;whereupon Beltran return’d: After which E/pejus went. on to the faid
Lake , whither he was accompanied witha hundred and fifty Indians. Having gone
“twenty fix Leagues, he found a populous Province, whofe Borders he no fooner
approach’d, but he was told, That ifhe was willing to lofe bis Life, be and his Party might
enter into a forbidden Dominion ; yet notwithftanding this: threatning Meflage,: he
wrought fo much upon the Cafique by the Prefents which he fent him, that he was
permitted to comein freely ; nay, the Inhabitants of Zaguato ftrow’d Meal on the
Earth for the Spaniards to go over, and prefented Ejpejus at his departure with forty
thoufand Cotton Cloaks, and a confiderable quantity of Plate, which he fene with
five of his Soldiers, and all the Cibolan Indians, back to Cibola, keeping onely four
- Companions and one Guide, with whom he travell’d forty one Leagues Weftward ;”
where he found.a Mountain, to the top whereof led a broad Path; which, afcends
ing, he took up Silver Oar with hisown Hand. The feveral forts of People that
inhabited here wereall civil and courteous, living in good fafhion, in pretty large
| . Houfes,
Chap. VIL “AMERICA, 403
Houfes, built on the Banks of a pleafant River, fhaded with Vines and Nut-Trees,
and thick planted with Flax: They inform’d E/pejus, that near a ‘River whieh
runs eight Miles towards the North Sea, were fuch ftately Palaces, as could not
be beheld without great admiration. But E/pejus going back a plain Road to Cibola,
found not onely thofe whom he had fent from Zaguato, but alfo Beltran, with the
other Soldiers,who having been detained there by the Civilities and kind Entertain-
ments of the Indians,-wete now upon returning home; fo that E/pejus was left
alone with eight Soldiers, who refolv’d to venture their Lives and Fortunes with
‘him. They travell’d-along the River Del Norte, through the Provinces Dé los Guires
and Habutas, whofe Mountains, over-{pread with Pine-Trees and Cedars, have
many rich Mines. The-Natives wore painted Cotton Cloaks, and dwelt in ftately
Houfes five Stories high. At the Borders of the Realm Los Tamos they were ftopt,
and not permitted to come on farther; wherefore being but few in number, and
feveral of then fick, they judg’d it convenient to crofsthe River De las Piscean (fo
call’d from the abundance of Cows that were thereabouts) to the River Conchos and
the Village Bartholomew, where E/pejus was inform’ d, that Beltran was one before
his arrival gone to Guadiana.
And now that we may have the better Account of New Mexico (which Ruz,
Efpejus , and Beltran endeavor’d to difcover) it will be neceflary to begin with che
firft original thereof, according as feveral ancient Hiftories make mention.
The moftancient Poffeffors of that part of Northern America call’d New Spain, pep hg
were for their fierce and falvage Nature call’d Chichimece, who dwelling in Caves, Mesicant,,
fed on Moles, Rabbets, Hedghogs, Serpents, Roots and Herbs. Whilft the Women
accompanied thief Husbandsin their Travels, the Children were put into Baskets,
and hang’d in a¥T'ree. No manner of Government was to be found amongft thém.
They never Till’d their Ground till the Navatlacans came from New Mexico (which
was anciently divided into two Countreys, Aztlan and Teuculbuacan) to New Spain;
si which they Sow’d their Lands.
~ The Navatlacans (who us’d to dwell in Houfes, worfhip Images, flint their
Lands, and obey their Governors) were divided into fix Tribes, each Tribe poffef-
fing their limited Bounds : and there goes a Tradition, That out of fix Pits thac
are to be'feen in New Mexico, the Navatlacans had their original, The time when
they deferted New Mexico, as their moft authentick Hiftories or Records declare,was
(according to our computation)’ Anno 940. and they farther affirm, that they {pent
forty years ina Journey, which might have been travell’d in a Moneth: The
reafonofwhich tedioufnels was, becaufe they refted in all places where they found
a fruitful Countrey ;bur as they had advice from their diabolical Spirits, which (as
they fay) appear’d vifibly to them, they ftill'went on farther and farther, yet left
behind thofe that were aged, fick, and decrepid, building convenient Houfes for
them, andappointing Overfeers to look after them. The Ruins of the Honfes ate
yet to be feen on the Wayalong which they pafv'd. |
The fix Tribes: divided themfelves after this maniier’; Four of them fetled .
round about the great Lake of Mexico. The Sichumilans taking the South part, buile,
befides two other Towns, a Metropolis of their own Name; as the (halcans on the
North: >The Tapurecans built Axcapuzalco in the Weft, which fignifies -¢ Pi/mires Hole,
becaufe of the abuadance of Inhabitants. The Baftern part was taken up by the
Chalhuans. And all thefe Names have a peculiar fignification ; the firft fignifes
"People of Flowry Fields": the fecond, PeopleofMouthes ;the third, People of Bridges ,and
the fourth; Crooked People: Not long after, the Tablivicanns:: a ftrong People, wentover
elieMountains on the vite fide of the Maxiciah Lake, where they built feyeral Towns
) on
 AMERICA - “Chap. VIE
on ahot, yet fruitful Soil, the chiefeft whereof they call’d Quahunachua, that is, 4
Place where an Eagles Voice is heard. The Tlafcaltecans went near the Snowy Moun.
tains, one of which, being between Mexico and De los Angelos, vomits horrid Flames
and Smoke up into the Skie. Here {cattering up and down, they built feveral Vil.
lages, befides the City Tlafcalla ; the Inhabitants whereof alfifted the Spaniards, as
hath been related in the taking ‘of Mexico, for which good Service they live free,
without paying any Tribute.
When thefe fix Tribes came firft from México thither, the ieliietoaes made little
or no refiftance againft them, but hid themfelves amongftthe Rocks : yet fome of
them not long after taking courage, flew to Arms, and had without doubt deftroy’d
im.
—,
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~-
the.Tla/callans, had not-a fubtile Plot fav’d them : for under a fhew of Friendfhip
they falling on the unarm’d Chichimecans, kill’d every Man of them.
*

=
—tes
-2-61
Jofeph de-Acofta tells us, that Anno 1586. he faw a Grave in Mexico; wherein a Chi-
-_ +
chimecan of a Gygantick fize lay buried.
After this Congueft gotten by the Tla/callans, the fore-mention’d fix Tribes liv'd
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in Peace and Quiet, and fkrengenned them{elves the more by Marrying into one
anothers Families.
f The Chichimece keeping on the Mountains ‘left the new People iin quiet pole
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re gan to build Huts, chufe Governors, and live according to their Laws,
Theft The Tlafcallans having poflefs’d New Spain three hundred and two years, a feventh
#evicen: ine Tribe (a valiant and civiliz’d People) came. thither, upon their Demon Viatli-
w Spain
Sores puztli’s promife of having the fupream Government: wherefore he was carried in
.
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an Ark by four chief Priefts, whom he inform’d whither and when they fhould
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= travel or reft, for where ever they ftopt, they built a Tent in thegmiddle of their
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Army for their Idol, ‘whom they {et on an Altar; which done, they Sow’d the
.
Ground about them: yetif their Demon commanded them to march before Harveft,
then they left. the: Produé& to the ancient and fick People. But at laft Mexi, from
oe
=:
whence the Name of Mexico is deriv’d, conduated the Army into Mechaocan, where
the pleafant Soil among the Lakes entic’d many to take up theit Habitation. But
Mexi proceeded on his Journey, yet not without great Crofles, in regard Vigtli-
puatli’s Sifter (fome Inchantrefs probably fo call’d) did much hurt to, the’ whole
Army by her Sorceries, becaufe they would not honor her as a: Goddefs, till. Wizeli-
puatli inform’d one of them that carried the Ark, that the Army fhould march, on,
and banifh the Witch fromthem : whereupon fhe accordingly being driven away;
buile the Village Malinalco,as a Habitation for Conjurers.Mean while,the Army grew
weaker and weaker by their leaving fo many People behind them in moft places¢
therefore they. judg’d it convenient, to reft a, while in Tula, wherea great River
—water’d the Ceuntrey; which, according to Viztlipuztli’s Commands, :being dry’d
up, made a large Lake about che Mountain Coatepeck, whofe Banks being planted
with Willow and Poplar-Trees, were exceeding pleafant,:andthe more, becaufe
of the variety of Birds.that made their Nefts.in the fame; which fo delighted ma-
ny of the People, that being tir’d with travelling, they:refolv’d .to fettle theres
which Refolution was-fo illrefented by Viztlipuztli,chat he'commanded the: Bank to
be broken, that the Water:might have. liberty to flow its former Courle; and threats
ned them with heavy punifhments:.after which, in (the:Nighta terrible Cry- of
Murder was: heard in one part ofthe Army.» which being inquir’d after-the next
Morning, they found’ divers People lying on,thé Ground. with their Breafts: cit”
open, and their Hearts pull’d out: whereupon thofe that.remain’djwent, on to
Chapultepec, where wi afortifi'd themfelves in the Momntains:- againt the oer
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Chap. VIII. AMERICA. | 194
People, which Copil, Son tothe Malinalcon Witch, had rais'd up againft them; and
foon after the Tapunecans and Chalcans went againft their new Neighbors, with
whom they began a bloody Fight, when Vitzslovitli, at that time General of the
Mexican Army, preffing in amongft them, broke their Ranks, and made way for
all his Army (though with his own Death) to march Conquerors to Culhuacan;
The Prince of which Province gave them a Place to fettle on, near the white Water
Ticaapan, whofe Shores fwarm’d with Adders and Serpents, upon Defign that the
Strangers might be deftroy’d by them ; burt it prov’d quite otherwile : for they
without regret eat the poyfonous Animals; and Dunging the unfruitful Soil, re
ceiv'da plenciful Harveft : They would willingly have fetled here; after their fo
long ranging up and down, if Viztlipuztli would have approvd thereof; but he
told them; that they muft poffefs themfelves by Arms, and make a (ulbwacan Maid
their Goddef$ :.whereupon they defir’d the Cafique’s Daughter of Culbuacan, who
was fent them in rich Ornaments, and with a ftately Retinue: But fhe was no
fooner entred on the Ticaapan Shore, but they flay’d her alive, and her Skin being
ftuff'd, ‘and nam’d Tocci, was réligioufly worfhipp’d. But not fatish’d with this
cruelty, they fent for her Father to vific his Daughter in her Dignity; who ace
cordingly coming with great Attendance, was led into a dark Chappel, where by
the burning Tapers he knew the Goddefs to beno other than his Daughters Skin
ftuff'd full of Cotton ; whereat burning with rage, he afterwards fell upon thefe
Murderers with all’ his Forces, and drove them to the Place where they afterwards
built Mexico,
We have often madé tention heretofore of the Governor of this Journey,
Viztlipuztli, it will therefore be neceflary to give an exacter Defcription of him, as.
followeth : - : |
_ He was’ a woodden Image liké 4 Man, fitting on a blue Seat ina triumphant Defrinticn
Chait : at each end ‘of which was plac’d a Staff with a Serpents Head upon it, from, Vicslipusth
whofe Forehead, which was Painted blue, ran a Streak of the fame colour, crofs
his Nofe to both his Ears; upon his Head ftood a Plume of Feathers, the ends
whereof were tipp’d with agolden Varnifh; his left Hand held a white Shield, on
which ftuck five Feathers, and on the top a Laurel Bough ; next the Shield lay four
Arrows, pretended to be fent from Heaven ; in his right Hand a Truncheon, full
of blue crooked Streaks like Serpents , behind on his Shoulders appear’d Wings,
not unlike thofe of aBat, his Eyes large and round, and his Mouth reaching from
Ear to Ear, madehimterrible to behold, alfo gaping, and full of Teeth, which
ftuck out ofhis Belly; in his Breaft alfo were two fiery Eyes, and under them a
fhrivell’d Nofe; his Feet endedin Claws, hung round about with Precious Jems,
golden Boxes and Shields fer out with divers colour’d Feathers. The Curtain bes
hind which this Idol fat, was not drawn open except on aFeaft-Day.
Next Viztlipuztli ftood generally a leffer Image, call’d Tlaboc, and alfo the God-
def Tocci, Daughter to the Prince of (iilhuacan, who (as before mention’d) was
flay’d ‘by their Demon's Command. Since which time they {uppos’d, that they
Were never more acceptable to their Gods, than when they appear’d Cloth’d in an-
other Man’s Skin ; and accounted no Offering better, than a Heart taken out of
their Enemies Breaft, fince their Spirit deftroy’d fo many after that manner in the
Army at Tula. ,
But Tocci, they fay, had alfo a Son much inclin’d to Hunting, whofe Imagethey 7's Fe
carry, attended by a thoufand People, with the found of Horns and Trumpets, to
an Arbor on a high Mountain; which being made of green Leaves pleited, had in.
the middle an Altar, on which they fet the Idol, whilft the Multitude furrounded
Gg | -_
the
 298 AMERICA, Chap. IX,
the Foot of che Mountain, and fet all the Bufhes about the fame on Fire; which
done, they fhouted and hollow’d, and play’d on feveral Inftruments ;which fright.
ing the wild Beafts that lay fhelter’d in the Woods, made them run to the top of
the Mountain, where they were more and more inclos’d by the People, infomuch
that many of them were flain for an Offering before Tocci’s Son’s Altar; which
done, they carried the Idol backto his Temple, and the People made Merry with
the flain Venifon. |
Defcription As great Reverence they fhew’d to Texcatlipuca, becaufe (as they faid) he pardon’d
‘asimage, their Sinse This Idol was made of a black fhining Stone,richly Apparell’d, having
=_
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Golden Ear-rings ;in his undermoft Lip a Silver Sheath, in which ftuck fome.
times a green, and fometimes a blue Plume of Feathers ; his Hair was ty’d withan
embroider’d String, atthe end of which hung a Golden Ear, whereon Smoak was
Painted, fignifying the Prayers of opprefs'd Sinners; moreover, the String hung
full of Pearls, and about the Neck in a String hung a Jewel ; on his Breaft, as al.
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Plate, in which ftuck many colour’d Feathers: this Plate. glittering like Glafs,
was in ftead of a Mirrour for Tezcatlipuca, to obferve all worldly Tranfaétions in
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tial Diftempers; wherefore he had quite another fhape, fat ona Stool behind a
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his Head ftuck full of Quails Feathers, a Quiver with four Arrows in his left, and
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a Rod in his right Hand, which made the Image feem very terrible. .
The Idol Quetzalcoalt, being their Guardian over the Merchants, was.plac’d in a
high Temple, being fhap’d like a Man, his Face onely excepted ; for that refem.
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bled a Bird’s Head, with a red Bill full of Teeth, a Comb, and a long Tongue ;
on the hind-part of his Head flood a Mitre, and abont his Legs Silk Garters befer
with Pearls,

MERIT RRR RESCH Se EE SRS SS Se SeSe Se SieSS Se Se a ee

CHAP. IX. |

Cibola, T ontonteac, and Nova Granada.

Hough the Province of Zuny above-mention’d in the Chapter of New
Mexico, inthe Voyage of E/pejws, be there otherwife call’d, and appear to
bethe fame with Cibola, yet we find it not treated of by any as part of
New Mexico, but by fome asa diftiné& Province, by others as a part of California
largely taken ; for befides that California, properly fo call’d, hath formerly been ta-
ken rather for a Peninfula than an Ifland, and ftill affords to fome an Argument of
queftion, whether it be one or the other. The whole extent of the Province gene-
rally fo term’d, hath been reputed to comprehend the fuppos’d Penin/ula it felf, Ci-
bola, Quivira, and Nova Albion ; but fince, according to the beft Maps and Difcoves
ties, there feems little doubt to be made, that California, ftriétly taken, is a perfect
Ifland : and fince upon that Confideration we have referved it to be defcrib’d
- amongft the Iflands of Northern America, we alfo confequently judge it moft requi-
fite to confider thofe Countreys apart that were included in the extended California, |
Cibola
 '

Chap. XI. AM-ER_IC 2.

Cibola lieth Southward of Quivira, betwixt it and New Gallicia, to the North and Situation,
Tempera~
Eaft : on the Weft it hath Mar Vermiglio, or the Bay of California. The Air of th e ture, and

- : . ' Productions
Province is indifferently temperate, efpecially if compar’d to the fharp Frofts and » si.
Colds of Quivira. The Countrey is for the moft part level and plain, as Quivira is,
having but few Trees in it, except here and there fome Woods of Cedars, which
yet do abundantly fupply the Natives both with Timber and Fewel. The Ground
affords plenty of Maiz, and fome {mall white Peafe, of both which they ufually
make Bread. ‘There is great ftore of Venifon, and a kind of Sheep (as they fay, and
as it fhould feem by their Fleece) as big as fome little Horfes or Oxen, fome of theit
Horns weighing forty or fifty Pound : But perhaps by fome miftake of Authors,
this Beaft may be no other than Taurus Mexicanus, elfewhere de{crib’d, whofe Hair
is extreamly thick and fhaggy, and of which they make Cloth as of Wool, as hath
been faid.. There are alfo Lyons, Bears, and Tygers in this Province, in fuch
numbers, that the People ofthe Countrey are not a little troubled with them, and
would gladly deftroy them if they knew how. The People are generally well
Limb’d, tall of Stature, and feem to be a little more Ingenious than their Neigh-
bors of Quivira; yet they go naked many of them, onely cover’d with Mantles made
of Skins, which are many times painted, and that with fuch Curiofity and Art, as
do fufhciently argue, that neither themfelves nor their Neighbors ofQuivira, from
whom they have themia Traffick, domakethem, but that they are the Merchan-
dife and Commodity of fome other Nations, perhaps of (athay or China, who, by
the North-Welt Seas, do Trade with the Maritime Parts, and People of Quivira,
This part of the Countrey hath been reafonably well fearch’d by. the Spaniards,
but as yet nothing difcover’d fo confiderable, as to perfwade them to ftay in it.
That which feems moft obfervable, is the great Lake Tonteac, ficuate almoft in
the midft of the Province ; upon which, or near unto it, they found feven or eight
old Towns of the Natives, fome whereof contain’d four or five hundred of their
Cottages or little Houfes, and were fortifi'd alfo with Ramparts, and other Works
of Defence, fo asthe Spaniards could not become Matters of them, but by Force and
Storming : Inthe attempt whereof Va/quez (oronado, their Commander in chief,
_ was twice beaten down with Stones by the Natives ; yet at laft carrying the Place,
he found in it good plenty of Maiz indeed, which was fome refrefhment to his
Army, but nothing elfe + whereupon having nam’d the Place Granada, in memory
of the Vice-Roy of New Spain, who fenthim upon that Expedition, he departed.
In his recurn homeward he fell upon a certain Countrey, which he nam’d Tu-
cayan, of which his Companions report great matters ; as firft, of a certain River
call’d Huex, on the Banks whercof,in the {pace of twenty Leagues, or thereabouts,
there ftand no lefs than fifteen good Burroughs, well built, and furnifh’d likewife
With Stoves or Hot-houfes, againft the Cold, asin other Countreys of Europe ; as
alfo of a very fruitful and pleafant Valley, which they therefore-call’d Aroba de Cora-
zones ; of another great Town and Territory, call’d Chichilticala, and laftly, of the
Valley of Nueftra Sennora, or Our Ladies Dale, in the South parts of the faid Terri-
tory, all of them defcrib’d for flich tichand delicious Places, that fome take them
for the Campi ElifiiofAmerica, efpecially feeing the Spaniards were never known to
vifit them a fecond time, the Difcoveries that have beet made fince being oncly
of the North-Weft Parts of the Countrey, along the Coafts of Mar Vermiglio, and
this no farther than onely to give Name to certain Capes or Promontories which
they met with, asmamely x. Porto de St. Clara, neat tothe Mouth of the River
which they call Rio del Nordt. 2. Las Playas. 3. St. Michael. 4. Lago del Org, which
bordereth on Quivira ; and laftly, El Rey Coronado, Eaftward ofthar,
G g 2 Tontonteac
 300 . | : A M E R 1 4, 2 Chap. IX.

Fontonteae. Ontonteac is mention’d by fo few, and by thofe few fo obfcurely, that it can
not well be determin’d to be any other than that Countrey which lies about
}%=
=>
’‘ the great Lake Tonteac, above {poken of in (ibola, and which being made Habitable
~»—
+om
¢
¢
by fix or feven Towns notinconfiderable for Habitations of native Indians, might
.<i,
>= —
haply pafs for a diftin® Province. And perhapsthe reafon why this Province hath
.-.ov
4+_~
--
a»:
- _~ ——
“9 ‘-
~—
=
=
”~—— been fo obfcure, and little taken notice of, might be from the ruine of thefe Towns
eo
,—
by War, or fome other Accident : and to this purpofe are the words of a late Wri-
ter, The Province ofTontonteac (faith he) bath five Hloufes onely left, which ftand on the
Shore of a fale Lake. ; : ;
—_
Neve Gra N Ova Granada, befides that it is a generally known and defcrib’d Province of
Southern America, is alfo nam’d amongft the Provinces of Northern America,
- *
as
a vince of Nor-
tN
el
reg
a
thern America
particularly by Bertins, Cluverius, and Golnitzins, and in fome late Maps of America fo
|=«
>
--~
+
aes
agear
- : —7">5_ Se
7 = ~=
-=-
+

h conf{picuoully {pecifi'd, that ic might appear to be all chat Tra@& of Land which
contains both New Mexico and the feveral Provinces adjoyning to it ; but fince we
wre find it not defcrib’d by any at large, it will with moft verifimility pafs for that
=
part of New Mexico where ftands the City of St. Foy ;and this ismoft plainly exprefs'd _
’
by Monfieur Martini, though there are who confound Cibola with New Granada. Wae
-
~~
--
ving which Decifion, we fhallonely infert a fhort Defcription of the Place, accors
ding to (ornato, who feems to have been one of the firft Difcoverers of thefe Parts,
at
+oe—
——
~—.
—

24>~ —_
_he =

and whofe Credit is preferr’d before that of Marcus de Niza.

ItsDeferp= Nova Granada (faith he) confifts of feven Villages, built in the circumference of
four Leagues, the chiefeft whereof boafts two hundred Houfes, which for the mokt
part are four or five Stories high, and built of Stone ; the Gellars thereto belong-
ing, being neatly Pav'd, ferve for Stoves againft the Cold: they afcend!'to their
upper Rooms by Ladders. The Inhabitants go naked, onely fome Covering about
their Middle, and over their Shoulders Cotton Cloaks, painted with divers Cos
lours. They live on Maiz, white Peale, Hares, Rabbets, and Venifon: their Salt
wherewith they feafon the fame, they fetch from aneighboring Lake. ‘The Ture
kies, which they have in great numbers, are kill’d onely for their Feathers, ‘note
withftanding their Fleth is exceeding csood Meat. The Soil is for the moft ‘pate
plain, yet hath fome high Mountains; and the Paftures flourifh with Graf. The
Woods abound with Bears, Tygers, Lyons, wild Hogs, Rhinocerots, and thelike
ravenous Beafts, which make the Ways dangerous for Travellers. Befides large
Deer, there are alfo Sheep, which in bignefs may compare with Horfes, having exe
—_
«=
ceeding great Horns, and little Tails. : jack, Dyba
= r-~
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on
a-
=
al
ae
~~»
2
id
at=*
1 o‘-7eee
a?
one
rr?
Fue
——_
-—ar
7=
Concerning the abundance of Turkoifes, of which Niza makes mention; Cornato
could give nocertain account, becaufe a little before his Arrival the Granadians had
convey’d their Children, which were under fifteen, and the. aged People, who were
.—_
’-a
_.=-“
~~
x=
:ae
=—
tea
—4Be
=

=—s
aie
:oy
i
-~an
-—=
above fixty years of age, with their chiefelt Goods, into remote places: However,
——
>=?p
it is not unknown, that this Countrey affords Turkoifes ; for Cornato in his Journey .
pr
=<=.
+
—=
—
--E .
to Quivira, Befieg’d a City in thefe Parts neara great River; the Inhabitants
yal— _cal —_
'h-~
=-~— «=
avs
=-a==
_-

—-
ns
al
ae
=~—
=
-—
=I35
Z+ c --">
whereof, when they were not able to defend themfelyes any longer, throwing theit
Cloaks, Turkoifes,and other Riches into the Fire, Sallied out upon the Spaniards, and
|
ee
es
le
ee
— -r:+
eget
le
“elt
ai
“—s.*
4_—
— a
-—
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=-
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dj
i.
Pt
nt
>.
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oe
——
—#5=e
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-_

es oa
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died not altogether unreveng’d, as fhall be fpecifi’d more at largein the Defcription |
of Tignes, which being nam’d among the Towns of Quivira, will upon the compas
ring of Circumftances, be apparently found to be the fame with this.
~ Laftly, New Granada hath no Fruit-Trees, but little Cedars fit for Building.

CHAP,
ChapX. | AMER Ve, "i S 38i
ann RRGRSARGeeneReenereeeneshees Renegeeeed
CHAP.X.
Quivira.
Uivira is the next Region accounted of California, largely taketi ;yet appeais
ing by fome Charts to lie fo vaftly remote, that: all New Mexico, Gallicia,
and other Provinces already mention’d, lie between that and the Ifland.
And whereas New Granada is by feveral made a part of New Mexico ; yet moft cer-
tain it it is, that by fome it is confounded with this Countrey, or at ‘leat accounted
a part thereof, as hereafter fhall more plainly appear, according to the Account of
thofe that have moft fully and particularly defcrib’d ic.
Quivira takes up the moft Northern and unknown part of America towards the Siuation ofQuivira, and

Welt, reaching as far as the fuppofed Straight of Anian aforefaid (if there be any Defi
fuch) or elfe joyning to the Continent of Tartary. Ic is likewife the leaft fruitful b=.
part of all the Weft-Indies, efpecially for Corn. Cattel it hath good ftore, and Pa-
fturage indifferent good, the Countrey being for the moft plain and fevel’ and nos
thing elfe but Pafturage. The Natives are few and falvage, living in Hoards of
great Companies together, after the manner of the Tuartars, to whom they are
Neighbors, and (as it is not imptobably thought) of their Race. The Men
Clothe themfelves moft commonly in that kind of Oxes Hide, elfewhere {poken of
under the Name of Taurus Mexicanus. The Women wear little elfe but their Hair,
notwithftanding the Countrey, efpecially for one half of the year, is exceffive
cold. Their Cattel, though they are much lefs than the ordinary Kine of Europe,
are the chief Sinftendsige and Employment of the Natives ; by Pafturing huge Herds
whereof from place to place, the People live, and maintain a Traffick with other
Parts. Yet fome of them inhabit Towns, the chief whereof, as yet difcover’d, feem
“to be thefe which follow:
1, Acus, or Acuco, a {mall Town, but {eated in a ftrong defenfible place, and Tepeas(of
being a great Staple for Cotton, the Territory about it hath been taken for a di-
ting Province, and by fome call’d The Kingdom of Acuco.
2. Tignes, 2Town feated upon the Banks'of a River bearing the fame Namie,
and inhabited, it feems, by a ftout and refolute People, and whom the Spaniards,
coming amongtt them inthe Year 1540. had much ado to mafter :for they endur’d
a Siege for the {pace of fix Weeks; and at laft finding themfelves fo ftrongly begire
by their Enemies, that there was no means to efcape but by Death, or yielding up
themfelves, rather than they would fall aliveiinto their hands, theyfirft buried and
fpoil’d all {uch Treafure asthey had (which were chiefly Saphires, and a few other
Gems, that the Countrey afforded) and after that fetting on fire their Houfhold-
ftuff, clteytook their Wives and Children with them, and made a defperate Sally
out upon the Spaniards ;wherein although they were moft of them flain, and trod =.

underthe Horfes Feet, or drown’d in paffing the River, yet was it not without (ome
lofs to the Spaniards themfelves: nor would thofe few thae were left behind deliver
up the Town, till i¢ was fir’d about their Ears, and that they could no longer abide
init. This Town, by all Citcumftances, muftneeds be the fame with that before
mention’d in Nova Granada, which makes good what we have {aid above, viz, That
New Granada is by fome confounded with, or at leaft taken fora part of iis Region.
Gg 3 3. Cicnics
 laa AMERICY, | Chaps!
3. Cicnt, another fmall Town, four days Journey from Tignes. The Countrey
about this place, although generally. it be-all.good Pafturage; pa maintains abun.
dance ofCattel, yet is it fo open and plain, that for almoft a hundred Miles’ toge.
ther, the Spaniar ds,in theit March hither ftom New-Spain, found neither Stone nor
Tree, nor any effigies elfe that could ferve them for a Land- mark; fothat they were
fore’ d.asthey march’d alohg,to raife up Heaps of Cow- dung, to ferve them for
diseetioisin their coming back, which was not long after :for not findingthe Com..
modities they fought for, and fearing to be furpris’d by Winter in thofe cold Coun-
treys, where they had no;kind of accommodation, they made. fomewhat aha
Retreat, leaving behind. them onely. fome, few. Religious Men, of ‘the; Otder pe
St. Peat bots Endeayours to'do. the People good. by Converting them torthe
true Knowledge and Worfhip of Almighty God , procur’d) chem) not long
e
after, the
Crown of Martyrdom, being murder’d all of them, except one, by che Natives,and
he not withour much Aiftigulg clcaping their dap ds,i Spt apise ce dy:

Neva dibion, N Ova Albion was fo denachtnaens bySit,Bisnis Drake, whines ‘iwas; hin Enter-
tain’d by the King of that: Countrey ¢but whether it werein Quivira that he
was thus Entertain’d, and left that Denomination, or in the Ifland of California, ap-
pears not either frend the Relation, or from the common Confent of Cofmogra-
phers, finee fome there:are, who neat have Quivira and Nova Albion to be one and the
fame Province. others reckon it\to be the utmoft North-Weft part of California.
others make it difting from Quivira, yet determine ic not to the Ifland Califernia,
feeming rather to make itan adjoyning Countrey to Quivira: wherefore finding
little elfe that concerns the Defcription of the Place, exceprthe faid Voyage of
Drake, we fhall here fet it down,.and leave the farther Difquifition concerning the
Situation of the Place; till, we come to defcribe the [land of California it ff
Sirxancs Captain’ Francis Drake fet Sail from Plymouth Anno 1577. and after much hardfhip
rivalthere, Gettingg through the Str aights of Magellan, axriv'd in the Haven Guatulco, having be-
Fone biscoming thither Egle as many rich Spanifh Ships in the Solifherh Ocean as
he codld pofibly have with’d for;:fo.that his onely care now needed to have been
how to get fafe home; yet he put on a Refolution, not to come fhort’ of Ferdinandus
Magellanus, who Saild about the World. Which rane Refolution of Drake’s was
‘Approy ‘d ofby all his Sea-men, whereupon hefet Sailalong the North: of »Galifor-
nia the fifth of June; being gotten into forty two,Degrees, which wasithe farthelt
that Cabrillo went, he came on a fudden out of a. warm Air into fo frigid a Climate,
that the Sea-men were almoft kill’d, with Cold, and the farther they went, the
colder it grew.» wherefore falling down three Degrees’ more-Southerly, they got
into a convenient Haven, where the Natives. who'liv’d along the Shore brought
them Prefents;which Drake left not unrequited, by cruaenitt them oneti that
were to them morenoyel, and not unufeful: |
Naureand —_Thefe People are exceeding hardy;.for snotwithftanding shinentradidiciary cata
People, nels of the Climate, the Men. go naked; but the Women wear Garments of |pleited
Flags or Rufhes, which being put sbent their Middle, hang down to their Ancles ;
on their Stomachs hang the ends of a hairy Skin|ty’d together; which hanging alfo
over their Shoulders, cover their hinder Parts) They fhew+great Riefpéct and
Obedience to their Husbands. Each Houfe is fusrounded- with an Earthen Wall,
and ali the Corners thereof being clofe ftopp’d, and Fires made in the mid of
them, they are very warm. Rufhes and. Flags ftrow’d thick'on the Ground near
the Walls, ferve them in ftead of Beds.
The Indians coming a fecond time to Vite thee Enlif brought shieitnPlumes of
—-
ee
—- Feathers,
i
ee
——
.

~<a
 ~

Chap. X.. oe MERICA 203

"2

bea
| ?
a
\
rr

Feathers, Neckbands of Net-work, and ftore of Tobacco : Drake pleas’d with this
their kindnefs, built Tents on the Brow of aHill, on che top of which the Indians
ftood that brought the Prefents, whil’ft one of them with a loud voice maintain’d
a long Difcourfe; which he had no fooner ended,but every one laid down his Bowe
and Arrows, and walk’d unarm’d down tothe Tents to proffer their Gifts: their
Wives ftaying behind on the top, pinch’d their Cheeks, and made fad lamentation;
which Drake fuppos’d was becaufe they made Offerings there: whereupon he alfo
caus’d all his Men to kneel down and fay their Prayers, which made the Indians to
look very earneftly upon them, and to return him the Prefents which the day before
they had receiv’d of him.
The rumour of thefe Strangers arrival {fpreading all over the Countrey, made Pratt's Bx:
the Inhabitants far and near defirous to fee them; the King himfelf fending Am- >y‘heKng
tertainment

bafladors to Drake, toinform him that he was on the Way comingto feehim,; ally
which the Agents related at large, and defir’d fome Prefents, as a teftimony that
their-King fhould be welcome ; which he being affur’d of, came witha Retinue of
above twelve thoufand Men, before whom walk’d one of a Gygantick fize, carry-
ing a coftly Scepter, on which, by three long Chains made-of Bones, hung a
great and a {mall Crown made of Feathers; next follow’d the King himfelfin a
Sute of Cony-Skins ; then came a gteat confus’d company of People, each of them
. cartying a Prefent: whereupon Drake putting his Men into good order, march’d
to meet the King ; at which the Mace-bearer made a long Preamble, and when he
had done, Danc’dto the Tune of aSong, which he Sung himfelf; then the King
and his whole Retinue alfo fell a Singing and Dancingfo long, till being weary
the King went to Drake, and humbly defir’d of him, that he would accept of the
Realm, affuring him, that all che People fhould be under his Obedience; which
faid, he put the fore-mention’d Crown on his Head, and hanging three double
Chains about his Neck, call’d him Hioh: whereupon Drake took pofleffion of the
Countrey in Queen Elizabeths Name. The King ftaying alone with Drake, his Re-
tinue went amongft the Englifh, every one looking very earneftly upon them, and
to
.
 ’ -

| AMERICA. | - Chap-XE>
304
ng,
| to thofe whom they lik’d belt, being the youngelt, they falling down and’cryi
proffer’d Offerings, as to Gods, and held their Cheeks to draw Blood out of them ;
which the Englifh refufing, they defifted ; but fhew’d them great Wounds, and de.
.
fir’d fome Plaifters of chem, which they fuppli'd them with
Woods,
The Englifh going up into the Countrey found the fame well grown with
which abounded with Coneys, whofe Heads differ'd little from the European, but
ein
having Feet like Moles, long Tails like Rats, and in their Sides a Bag, wher
-
when they had fill’d their Bellies they put the remainder. They alfo faw nume
rous Herds of Deer,with whofe Flefh having been courteoufly Encertain’d in feveral
Villages, they return’d to the Fleet. Drake, juft before he weighed Anchor, caus’d
rip-
AMonoment a Pillat to be fet in the Ground with a Silver Plate on the fame, with an In{c
Drakebeforetion, mentioning the Day of his Arrival, Name and Arms of Queen Elizabeth, and
sities delivering of that Realm to him by the Indians : he alfo nail’d a Sixpence with
the Queens Effigies on the Plate, under which he caus’d his own» Name to be—

Northern America.
—_— eS ee

C HUA
Ps XT, =e .
Terra Nova, or NC ew-found Land, with the Ifland of Ajumption,
veg Aving treated at large of allthe feveral Regions and Pro-
EAH vinces of the North part of the Continent of America, we
come now to thofe Iflands that lie within. the fame De-
rees of Northern Latitude with that part of the Conti-
nent: The firft is Terre Newve, or Newsfound Land, difco-
ver'd together with feveral other Parts upon the Continent
before mention’d by Sir Sebaftian Cabott, by the Counte-
nance and Charge of King Henry the Seventh of England:
Claim thereunto, and Intereft cherein, hath been own’d by
the fucceeding Kings of England, as hereafter fhall be more particularly related.
Pena — New-found Land ‘is fituiated betwixt the Degtees of forty fix and fifty three of
xewsfomd “Northern Latitude, and is divided from the Continent of America by an Arm of
the Sea, in like diftance as England is ftom France The Ifland is as large as England
in length, greater in breadth, and lies near the Courfe that Ships ufually hold in
their Return from the We/t-Indies, and is. near thé mid-way between Ireland and
Virginia. hg : Sebel sd
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{Ohap« XI. of MER ICA 305
We fhall not much need to commend the wholfom temperature of this
Cotin- Temperature
trey, feeing the greateft part thereof lieth above three Degrees nearer
to the South,
than any part of England doth, fo that even in the Winter it is pleafant
and health.
ful as England is. :
The natural Inhabitants of the Countrey, as they are but few in numbe
r, {6 are Nature of
they fomething a rude and falvage People, having neither knowledge the Inhabi«
of God, nor tants,
living under any kind of Civil Government. In their Habits, Cuftoms,
and Man-
ners, they refemble the Indians of the Continent, from whence it is
to be fuppos’d
they come; they live altogether in the North and Weft part of
the Countrey,which
is feldom frequented by the Englifh ; but the French and Bifcainers (who
refort thither
yearly for the Whale-fifhing, and affo for the Cod-fifh) report them
to be an in-
genuous and tractable People (being well us’d) and very ready
to affift them with
great labowr and patience, in the killing, cutting, and boyling of
Whales, and ma-
king the Trayn-Oyl, without expectation of other Reward than a little
Bread, or
fome fuch {mall Hire.
» It hath the moft commodious Harbours in the World, and the
moft fafe Seas to Commodi-
Sail to it,there being not any Iflands,Rocks or Sands between the Lands ous Harbors.
-End in Eng-
land.and New-found Land and for the moft partit is not above three or four
Weeks Sail
thither, and lefs coming back ; and is the moft commodioufly fisuated
for the dif-
covering of the North-Weft Paflage, and other Inlets into the South Sea
; whereby
the ordinary Voyages to China, Japan, and the Eaft-Indies, are much eas’d
inthe ex-
pence of Time and Charge , and the moft open to Trade to all Parts, of
any Ifland
of the Weft-Indies.
On the Eaft fide of the Land, are the Bays of Trinity and Conception, which ftretc
h
themfelves towards the South-Weft.
LorsBay and Capelin-Bay lying alfo on the Eaft, ftretch themfelves towar
ds the
Welt. | |
. The Bays of Tre/paffey, St. Mary, Borrel, and Plaifance, onthe South
part of the
Land, extend their Arms towards the North.
The great Bayof St. Peters lying on the South-Weft fide of the Land, and
Sou-
therly from the great River of (anada,bein g about twenty Leagues diftant, the
fame
ftretcheth toward the Eaft. :
Trinity Harbour lies in near forty nine Degrees of North Latitude, being
very
commodioutly feated to receive Shipping in feafonable Weather,both to
Anchor in,
and from thence to Sail towards either the Eaft, Weft, or South. Ithath three Arms
or Rivers, long and large enough for many hundred Sail of Ships to moare faftat
Anchor near a Mile from the Harbours Mouth. Clofe adjoyning to
the Rivers
fide, and within the Harbour, is much open Land, well ftor’d with Grafs.
fuff-
cient, Winter and Summer, to maintain great ftore of ordinary Cattel, befide
s Hogs
and Goats, if {uch Beafts were carried thither , and it ftandeth North mofk
of any
Harbor ia the Land, where our Nation praétifeth Fifhing : It is near unto
a great
Bay lying on the North fide of it, call’d The Bay of Flowers ; to which
Place no
Ships repair to Fifh, in regard of fundry Rocks and Ledges lying even
with the Was
ter, and full of danger.
|
The bottom of the Bay of Trinity lieth within four Leagues through
the Land
South-Weft, Southerly from Trinity, as by experience is found ; and
it comes neat
unto the Bay of Trefpaffey, and the bottom of fome other
Bays.
Tre/paffey in like manner is as commodious a Harbour, lying in a more
temperate
Climate, almoft in forty fix Degrees of North Latitude, and
is both fair-and plea-
fant, and a wholfom Coaft free from Rocks and Shelves, fo that of all other Har-
bours
 P ¥

AMERICA. Chap. XI. -

bours it lies the moft South of any in the Land, and moft conveniently to receive
our Shipping, paffling to and from Virginia and the Bermuda Iflands ; and alfo any
other Shipping that fhall pafs toand from the River of Canada, and rhe Coaft there-
of, becaufe they ufually pafs, and fo return in the fight of the Land of Trefpaffey,
and alfo for fome other’ purpofes, as fhall be partly declar’d in the following
Difcourfe.
Fruitful Soil, The Soil of this Countrey in the Valleys and fides of the Mountains is fo fruit-
ful, as that in divers places the Summer naturally produceth without Tillage, great
plenty of green Peafe, and Fitches, fair, round, full, and as wholfom as ours-in
England.
Berries and Of Berriesand Fruits, there grows Strawberries, red and white, and as fair
Rafpiceeberries and Goofe-berries as there be in England , as alfo Bilberries, which
Fruits,

are call’d by fome Whortes, and many other delicate Berries peculiar tothe Coun-
' trey, in great abundance. Likewife {mall Pears, Cherries, Filberds, ec.
Herbs ang
Flowers.
There are alfo Herbs for Sallets and Broth, as Parfly, Alexander,Sorrel, exc. and
alfo Flowers, asthe red. and white Damask Rofe, with other kinds, which are moft
beautiful and delightful, both tothe fight and {mell. And queftionlefs, the Coun-
trey is ftor’d with many Phyfical Herbs, though their Vertnes are not known.
When Corn was firft Sow’n here, it was obferv’d to grow very fair, the increafe
was gteat,and the Grain very good ; and feveral forts of Kitchin Plants that have
been Set here, have prov’d very well.
In divers parts of the Countrey there is great ftore of Deer, and fome Hares, ma-
ny Foxes, Squerrils, Beavers, Martins and Otters, yielding excellent Furrs, Wolves
and Bears, with other forts of Beafts, ferving as well for Neceflity, as for Profit
and Delight. | %
Variety both of Land and Water-Fowl isin this Countrey infinite : The chief °
Land-Fowl, befides a great number of {mall Birds, that live by fcraping their Food
from the Earth inthe hardeft Winter,are Hawks, great.and {mall Partridges, Thrufh,
and Thruffels abundance, very fat ; as alfo Filladies, Nightingales, and fuch like,
which fing moft pleafantly. There are alfo Birds that live by prey, as Ravens,
Gripes, Crows, @c. For Water-Fowl, there is certainly fo good, and as much
variety, asin any part of the World, as Geefe, Ducks, Pigeons, Gulls, Penguins,
and.many other forts: Thefe Penguins are as big as Geefe, but do not flye, for
they havesbut alitele fhort Wing; and they multiply fo infinitely upon a certain
flat Ifland, that men drive them from thence upon: a Board into their Boats by
hundreds at a time, as if God had madethe innocency of fo poor a Creature to be-
come fach an admirable Inftrument for the fuftentation of Man : And alfo God-
wits, Curlews, and fach like; which Fowl do not onely ferve thofe that Trade —
thither for Food, but alfo they are a great furthering to divers Ships Voyages, bes
caufe the abundance of them is fuch, that the Fifher-men do bait theix Hooks with —
the quarters of SeaeFowl on them ; and therewith fome Ships do yearly take.a great
part of their Fifhing Voyages with fuch Bait, before they can get others.
Springs: The frefh Waters and Springs of that Countrey are many in number, and with)
all fo very pleafant, delightful and wholfom, that no Countrey in the World hath
betcer : And Fewel for Fireing, no where more plentiful. :
In like manner there is great abundance of Trees fit to be employ’d in other fer-
-_yiceable ufes : There are Fir and Spruce-Trees, found, good, and fit to Maft Ships
with, and as commodious for Boards and Buildings as thofe of Norway; and out
of thefe come abundance of Turpentine. Moreover the Pine and Birch-Trees here
are {carce tobe compar’d for heighth and greatnels, |
' The
Chap. X. AMERICA.
The Rivers alfoand Harbours are generally ftor’d with delicate Fith as Salmons,
397
Peals, Eels, Herrings, Mackrel, Flounders, Launce, Capelin, Cod, and Trouts,
the faireft, fatceft and fweeteft, that ever were feen in thefe Parts. The like for
Lobfters, Cra-fifh, Mulfsles, and other variety of Shell-fifh. » |
The Seas likewife all along the Coaft, do plentifully abound in other forts of
Fifh, as Whales, Spanifh Mackrel, Dorrel, Pales, Herrings, Hogs, Porpofes, Seals,
and fuch like Royal Fith, ec.
But the chief Commodity of New found Land yet known, and which is grown to
bea fetled Trade, and that it may be much better’d by an ordinary Plantation there,
(if the Traders thither will take fome better courfe than formerly they have done,
as fhall be declared) is the Cod-fifhing upon that Coaft, by which our Nation and
many other Countreys are enrich’d.
Almoft. incredible is the benefit of the Fith, which the French, Bifcainers, and
Portuguefe fetch yearly from this Coaft of New-found Land, and the Bank, which
lieth within twenty five Leagues from the South Cape of that Countrey, where the
French ule to Fifh Winter and Summer, ufually making two Voyages every year
thither. To which Places, and to the Coaft of (Canada, which lieth near unto it,
are yearly fent from thofe Countreys, more than four hundred Sail of Ships.
This Iland of Terra Nova belongs properly and juftly to the Crown of England,
having been under the fole Jurifdiction of the Englifh from the firt Difcovery there-
of, which was by Sir Sebaflian Cabot, Employ’d by. King Henry the Seventh, to find
out fome other part of America, than what had been difcover’d by Columbus, as hath
been above declar’d in feveral places.
Afterwards King Henry the Eighth continu’d the Englifh Intereft there, and
Employ’d one Rutt into that Ifland, in order to the Plantation thereof.
Queen Elizabeth no lefs careful to preferve that Plantation, fent Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, a Devonfbire Knight, to plant a Colony there, the better to fecure the fame,
and to increafe Trading there; and accordingly the faid Sir Humphrey with two
good Ships and a Pinnace in her Name, took poffeffion of that Countrey, ‘in the
Harbour of St. Jobus.. He Sail’d from thence towards Virginia, and by reafon of
fome unhappy direétion in his Courfe, the greateft Ship he had ftruck upon Shelves
on the Coaft of Canada, and was there loft, with moft part of the Company in her ,
and he himfelf, being then in a {mall Pinnace of twenty Tun, in the company of
his Vice-Admiral (Captain Hays) returning towards England, in a great Storm, was
overwhelm’d in the Sea, and fo perith’d. |
In the Year 1608. ic was undertaken anew by John Guy, 2 Merchant of Briftol,
and with fo good fuccefS, that the Colony in a fhort time were well furnifh’d with
Wheat, Rye, Barley, and other Grain of their own Sowing, with Turnips, Cole-
worts, and abundance of other neceflary things, not without fome probable hopes
of Metals, a certain and plentiful Trade of Sables, Musk, and other rich Com-
modities.
In the Year 1620, Sir George Calvert Knight, then principal Secretary of State, Th Province
of Avalon in
anda Privy Councellor to King James the Firft of England, &c. purchas’d 3 part of Newfound
New-found Land, which was afterwards inthe Year 1623. granted to him and his
Heirs by Patent from the faid King, under the Great Seal of England, bearing Date
the feventh of April, in the One and twentieth Year of his Reign : by which
means
the faid Tra& of Land was ereéted into a Province, and at the Inftance of the {aid .
Sit George Calvert, call’d Avalon, from Avalon in Sommerfet-fhire, where Chriftianity was
firft Planted in England.
|
This Province lies in the forty feventh Degree of Northern Latitude, andisthus
bounded
 AMERICA. Chap. X
‘bounded : Ic begins Southerly from the middle part of a certain Neck of Land or
Promontory, fituate between the two Harbours, Fermofe and Aquafort ; and from
thence following the Shore towards the North unto the middle part, or half way
over alittle Harbour, call’d in that regard Petit Port, or Petit Harbour, which boun-
deth upon the South part of the Plantation of St. Fobus, including the one half of a
certain freth River, that falleth into the faid Port of Petit Harbour ;and fo tending
along the South Border of the faid Colony of St. Jobns, extendeth it felf to a certain
litcle Bay, commonly: call’d Salmon Cove, lying on the South fide of the Bay of
'
: ‘ 1
- i

Conception, including the one half of the Riverthat falleth into the faid Cove, as alfo
tf '
1 4
‘ yw

one hal offthe Cove it felf ; from whence pafling along the Shore of the faid Bay
; ;

i
j '

towards the South, and reaching unto the bottom thereof, where it meets with
_* FF

: Fi
iy é

the Lands of the fore-mention’d John Guy, nam’d Sea-Forreft, isbounded with a cers
it
‘ “.
i '

tain River or Brook, which there fallethinto the Sea, and from the Mouth of the
« h -
’ \
;>

faid Brook afcendeth unto the fartheft Spring or Head thereof ; from thence paf-
‘
i
' i
, ee at
: ‘
’

fing towards the South for fix Miles together along the Borders ofthe {aid John Guy's
‘ ’

: ‘ .
: a !

Plantation, and there croffing over Weftward in a right Line, reacheth unto the
1 ‘
» ' :
’ : i
‘

Bay of Placentia, and the {pace of one League within the {aid Bay from the Shore
Bt
j '
:

thereof , whence turning again towards the South, pafleth along the Harbour of
_ \
- .
: : ep

Placentia, with the like diftance from the Shore, and defcending unto New Falkland
r Lm, i
vr

towards the-North and Weft part thereof, ftretcheth it felf in a right Line Eaft-.
| i}. ‘
7 > e+
: Tt

ward, continuing the whole Southerly length upon the Bounds of the faid New
Jy / a

’ ‘ass
t
rt -

Falkland, unto the middle part or Point of the Promontory, or Neckof Land be-
, ’
f \ ‘ “a
ya
'

fore mention’d, between the Ports Fermofe and Aquafort ;av which place is deferib'd
: (| ‘
‘ ‘ rE
: :
a4
: ; ,

and finith’d the Perambulation of the whole Precind, whofe Extent may be thus
- ;
;} i :
4
: f

computed ,commencing from the Promontory between the Ports Fermofe and Aqua-
;
7 : ~
ts \ q
'¢ (a - i =
“ye 4
«

fort, which is fifty or fixty Miles from South to North diftant from Petit Harbour;
, ¥ 7
i 7
: :
i +

from whence croffing Weftward to the Bay of Placentia, is judg’d to be fixty Miles
y# 4
ie
’ n ii

ole
«

more or upwards, from Eaft to Weft.

i. N
: > we

aes
And thereby was alfo granted to the: faid Sir George Calvert and his Heirs, all
\ t
- An
:

Iflands and Iflets, within ren Leagues of the Eaftern Shore of the faid Region to-
, ;
iT . :
4 it
NF ,

wards the Eaft, together with the F ifhing ‘of all forts of Fifh, faving unto the Englifh
rif
J i

1
al

free liberty of Fifhing, as well in the Seas as in the Ports and Creeks of theProvince
Mf aforefaid, and the Priviledges of falting and drying their Fifh upon the Shores of
the faid Province,as heretofore they reafonably us’d and enjoy’d the fame, fo as they
do no injury or notable lofs or detriment unto the Lord Proprietary, his Heirs and
=aon
a

ee Affigns, or to the Inhabitants of the faid Province, in the Ports, Creeks, and Shores
aforefaid, and efpecially in the Woods growing within the faid Province.
—
And by the faid Patent all Royal Jurifdidtions and Prerogatives, both Military
and Civil, within the faid Province and Iflands thereunto belonging, were farther
“granted to the faid Sir Géorge Calvert and his Heirs, and he and they thereby created
the true and abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the faid Province, faving the Al-
legiance due to His Majefty, His Heirs and Succeflors, to beheld of them in Capite,
r,
>’
a
she
a
.ee7
etee
aoe
- ttyl
-

yielding and paying unto them therefore a white Horfe, when, and as often as any
_
et
rag
ee
gS
_
- of them fhallcome into the faid Province, and the fifth part of all Gold and Silver
——
=
ren
ee
:—
-=
>: _.
~
Oar which fhould be found there, . rake | aie
JS—"
_

Sir George Calvert, before the obtaining of this Patent, had caus’d a fair Houle
~and Fort to be built in the faid Province, at a place call’d Ferryland, and inthe Year
1624. having obtain’d a Difmiffion from his Employment of Secretary of State,
and being then created Lord Baltemore of Baltemore in Ireland, he did. inthe Year
1627. Tranfport himfelf to Avalon, to infpest his Concerns there in Perfon; We
: 3 : whence
Chap. XI. | uA MER IC A. a. 309
whence returning thefame year,he Embarqu’d him(felf again,togethet wich his Lady
and all his Family, except his eldeft Son, for Avalon the year following ; at which
time (there being then War between England and France) he redeem’d above twenty
Sail of Englifh Ships, which had been taken there that year by French Men of War,
whereof one Monfieur De la Rade had the chief Command, and fhortly after Sok
fix French Fifhing-Ships upon that Coaft, and fent them the fame year, with a great
maay French-men Prifoners, into Fincheids Coming thence, he left a Deputy there,
and continu’d- the Plantation till his ‘Death, which was in April 1632. After whole
Deceafe it defcended of right to his Son and Heir Cecil, now Lord Baltemore, who
thereupon fent one Captain Wiliam Hill as his Deputy thither, to take pofleffion
thereof, and to manage his Intereft there for him. Captain Hill, according to his
Commiflion, fhortly after repair’d thither, and liv’d fome years at the Lord Bal-
temore’s Houfe at Ferryland above mention’d.
In the thirteenth Year of King Charles the Firft, of England, &c. about the Year
of our Lord 1638. Marquefs Hamilton, Earl of Pembroke. Sit David Kirk, and oth
under pretence that the Lord Baltemore had deferted that Plantatio sail a
Patent of all New-found Land, wherein Avalon was included, and fhortly after dif-
poflefs'd the. Lord Baltemore of his Manfion Houfe in Ferryland, and other Rights
there, and during the late Rebellion in England kept poffeffion ; but His now Mas
jefty King Charles the Second, immediately after his moft happy Reftauration in
tha Year 1660, upon the now Lord Baltemore’s Petition, thought fit to refer the
whole Matter to be Examin’d by Sir Orlando Bridgeman, then WLord-Chicf-Juftice,
now Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal of England, and others, to report the true ftate
thereoftoHis Majefty, together with their Opinions thereupon ® The Referrees
accotdingly, upon full hearing of Councilon both fides, certifi'd, That they con-
ceiy'd the {aid Patent to Sit George Calvert, to bea good Patent, in force, and nor
avoided by the later to Sir David Kirk and others; and that the Title and Intereft
to the faid Province did therefore belong to the Lord Baltemore. Whereupon His
Majefty, on the twentieth of March in the fame Year, Order’d the Pofleflion thereof
to be re-deliver'd to his Lordfhip, which wasaccordingly executed: Since which
time his Lordfhip has peaceably enjoy’d the poffeffion thereof, and continues the
Plantation to this:day, by deputing Lieutenants there from time to time, for the
better Government of that Province, the reft of New-found Land remaining ftill to
the aforefaid. Proprietors, claiming by the Patent of 13 (ar. 1.
The Commodities thatare.either by Art or Nature produc’d there, are the fame
with thofe of the remainder of New :found Land. The Winter there is extream cold,
the Summer very hor, but withal pleafant; and during that Seafon there is great
plenty of Pafture for Cartel.
The Coaft of this Province is very fafe,:- and. as well furnifh’d with variety of
bold and pleafant Harbors, as anyother part of New-found Land ; where the Eng-
lifh likewife Fifh for Cod, the lefler fore whereof is call’d Poor-Fokn, Which is there
caught in great Lgadance; efpecially at Ferryland, and in the Bay of Bulls. Befides
thefe two there are divers other excellent Harbors on the Eaftern Shore of Avalon,
as. Capling Bay, (ape Broyle, Brittus, Tle of Spears, Barrom Cove, Whitburns Bay, and Pecit
Harbour above mention’d. .On the Weft are the hey of Placentia, and feveral other
good Harbors,
There ate no Indians in Avalon, and bin few Englifh, by reafon of the exceflive _
Cold in Winter; though Sir David Kirk and his Lady, and alfo his Family, liv’d in
the Lord Baltemore’s Houle at Ferryland for the {pace of ten years and upwards.
The Soil feems to promife great {tore of Mines, which probably may in time be
Hh difcover'd.
 AMERICA Chap. XI.
difcover’d. The late Lord Baltemore took accidentally a piece of Oar up that lay
there upon the furface of the Earth, and brought it with him into England, which
was found upon trial to yield a greater proportion of Silver, than the Oar of Potof
in the We/t-Indies, but hitherto no Mine of it hath been difcover’d there.
The Trade of Fifhing being of fo great concernment to the Nation of England,
the fame (if it be well manag’d in this Ifland of Terra Nova) will employ every
year above two hundred Sail of Englifh Ships, and ten thoufand Mariners, befides
the great benefit which may accrue unto the Nation by Impofition upon Strangers
there, which would amount to feveral thoufands of Pounds per Annum; with which
thofe Coafts may be Guarded, and Ships Trading thither fecur’d : befidesthe great
Cuftoms by the Ships call’d The Sacks (being commonly in great numbers every
year) who carry Fifh from New-found Land into the Straights, France, Portugal, and
Spain, and who bring their Returns into Bngland, as Bullion, and all other native
Commodities of thofe Countreys.
Ifthe Ifland were well fortifi'd, we might Command all thofe of other Nations
that’com@sm Fifh in New-found Land, to pay ContributioninFifh or otherwile, for
their Priviledge to Fifh there, the faid Ifland being firft Planted by Englifh, and per-
taining tothe Kingdom of England ; or if occafion fhould require, they might be
~i=
2--
ne utterly debarr’d of Fifhing there.
The Trade of Fifhing is of fo great concernment to France, Spain, Portugal, the .
Straights, and other Parts, thatthey cannot well be without that yearly Supply
ee

nes
a )eee
ae
ier
-aa>
in Fifh which comes from that Ifland: Neither can the Hollanders, Spaniards, or
-_
1¥-

*
Portuguefe, well fet any Ships to the We/t-Indies, without New-found Land Fifh, there
| being none that will endure to pafs the Line found and untainted, but the Fifh of
i ee
od
eee
~~
>_
«
ee
iat
that Countrey, falted and dry’d there. And folong asthe A& continues ftill in
ee
we ee

force, That no Fifh be Tran{ported from the faid Ifland, but in Englifh Bottoms, it
will contribute very much to our encreafe of Shipping there, and by confequence,
of the employment of Mariners; and the Fifhing of that part of the Ifland will
be folely appropriated to the Englifh Nation, to whom of right it belongs, which
eyo
ER
ee
ES
5
—-on:
will prove the greateft Ballance of Trade in that part of the World; and
that whereas above two hundred Sail do Trade thither yearly to Fifh, if a
thoufand Sail come, if there be but Fifheremen enow, they may all have Fraughtage
there.
The French, if once the Ifland be fortifi'd, will be depriv’d of their Nurfery of
_ Mariners, this being the onely place, befides Canada, and one or two adjacent Coafts,
where they come for fupply of Fifh, with which that Nation cannot be furnith’d
{o well from other Parts.
By well Planting and Fortifying New-found Land, the Trading to Virginia, New
England, and thofe Parts, would be much encourag’d, New England having had of
late great Traffick with New-found Land, where they vend the Growth of their
Plantation. Befides, New-found Land isa Key to the Gulf of (Canada, which if the
Englifh had again in their poffeffion, as they had in the Years 1628. and 1632, they
might give a Law to all foreign Kings and People interefted in any of the parts of
_ America, and a Proteéion to all the Englifh Plantations upon that Continent, wheres
ee
Te
ET
ed
ae
gla
a
Ee
ella
SO

by great fecurity, comfort and profit would arife'to the Nation and People of it:
ath
=
a=
~
hn
=

whereas on the contrary, if the French, Spanifh, or Dutch, fhould poffefs themfelves
of the faid Plantation, they would not onely deprive this Nation of all the Ad-
vantages aforefaid, but would alfoderiveto themfelves fo great 2 Power to preju-
dice all the Plantations of the Coafts of America belonging to this Nation, ‘that the
Inconveniences thereof are {carceto be imagin’d or exprefs’d. | |
After
a
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Cp 2 =
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5.34:5-68 ohhee SD 5 he

deine
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On ks ee -
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ee - : -
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 Chap. XII. AMERICA. ait

After the granting of the Patent aforefaid of 13 Car. 1. Sit David Kirk’s great |
and conitant Endeavours, were beyond expectation blefs'd with a cone
Pains there,
tinuance and prefervation of Trade in that Place ; in the carrying on of which, he
had always a {pecial regard to the real Advantage of this Kingdom, and the parti-
cular Serviceof His Majefty.
Before this Iland, right over againft (ape Ray, at the diftance of twenty fotit 7,wonéer:
Leagues or more, there lieth an huge Bank or Ridge of Land, extending it felf in #44.
length out of the Sea, above a hundred Leagues, but in breadth not above four ot
five and twenty, when it is broadeft, and in other parts much lefs, fharpning tos
wards each end intoa Conus, or narrow Point. It is accounted one of the Wonders
of the Sea, which round about, at fome diftance, is very deep, and hardly to bé
founded, efpecially betwixt the Bank (for fo they commonly call it) and Cape Ray,
but drawing nearer, it grows by degrees more and more fhallow, infomuch that
nigh the Land there is not much more Water than isneceflary for the Ships to Ride
, in. It runneth out in length, as was {aid, from North to South, from forty one
Degrees of Latitude to fifty two; and round about it there lie {catter’d a multitude -
of leffer Iflands, which Sir Seba/tian (abot, when he firft difcover’d the Place, call’d
by one common Name Los Baccaloos, or The Iflands of Cod-fifh, from the great quan- TheBaccalit
tity of that fort of Fith hethere found ; which was fuch, that they hindred the pale
fage of his Ships, and lay in fuch multitudes upon the Coafts, that the very Bears
would come and catch them in their Claws, and draw them to Land.

ie the Gulf of St. Laurence, towards the Mouth of the River Canada, is anothér The! Ifle of
lefs a Ifland, faid to have been firft difcover’d by Quartier, and by ai
him call’ Ifland of Affumption ; by John Alphonfo, The Ifand of Afcenfion; by the
Natives, Natiftcotec : It extends it felf from the forty eigtith to the fiftieth Degree,
and North-Weft.
between the South-Eaft )
Quartier makes mention of a ftrange kinde of Fifh, found in the River of (anade,
like unto a Sea-Hog, but having the Head of a Hare, it is call’d by the Natives
Adhothuys.-
“Not far from this is a little Ifland, call’d by the French, Ile de Sable, or The Sandy
Ifland ; and another on the Welt of Terra Nova, call’d Ile de Bretons, or The Ifland
of St. Laurence, befides feveral little {catter’d Iflands in the Gulf of St. Laurence, as
Menego, and The Three Iflands of Birds; in which are found a kind of amphibious
Animal, call’d by the French, Cualrus, and by the Ru/fians, Morfh ; fomewhat like a
Sea-Calf, but more monftrous. |

“eee SR UROERsseee LeeeEGSe ees Sse eeseeese esos

CHAP. XII.

The Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands, yee

Sisutioi
He Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands (probably fo term’d as to the firft Appellatis the of
, Bermx-

on from certain black Hogs, by the Spaniards call’d Bermudas; which from 2 “:
Ship bound with them to fome other parts of the Weft-Indies and caft away
upon that Coaft, fwam afhore, and there increafed ; or, as others fay, from John
Bermudes; aSpaniard, who is faid to have been the firft Difcoverer ; or, as to the
fecond, from one George Summers, an Englifh-man; who there fuffer’d fhipwrack)
Hh 2. gre Si pe
| : .
af » ‘wa x - ; y
f ‘ - : Lf 7 7 : 4 n |
: 7 |

é . ff 4 *~ :
 312 AMER IC 4. Chap, XII.
are ficuated in thirty two Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Northern Latitude,
about -fixreen hundred Leagues from England, twelve hundred from Madera; four
hundred from Hi/paniola, and three hundred from the neareft Coat. of Virginia,
The firfi that endeavour’d to fettle Plantations here was a Spaniard nam’d Hlernandp
Camelo, being defign’d Conduéor in this Expedition: And this Undertaking was
fo much the more eagerly profecuted, upon confideration that the Plate-Fleet
Sailing from Havana through the Straights of Bahama, might here have a conveni.
ent Harbour; but thofe who were inyited to become Adventurers, with proffers
of great Advantage, fhewing themfelves very flack in the Bufinefs, and Charles the
Fifth being at that time intangled in War and other troublefom Affairs, the Defign
-x
=—_
- —A
came to nothing, and for abovefixty years after no farther Attempt was made by
any for the Planting of thefe Iflands, till at laft che French made a Voyag
ar;
e thither
under Captain Barboriere,but by Shipwrack were fruftrated of their hopes;nor made
they any more Preparations in this Defign.
—
TSS
--: -—-

In which neverthele{s. the Englifh

———
=<
Sr
ees
:-~~’-
-_

were not fo eafily difcourag’d ; for firht Captain Gofnol and Smith fer forth,
at the
Charges of Mr. Edward Wingfield; next, Captain Nel/on ; then fucceflively Wef,
Gates, Argql, and Wyat, but all with little or no fuccefs, till at length in the Year
1612.a Company was eftablith’d in London by the King’s Letters Patents, who
fent
-ae
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w~=~ one Mr. Richard.Moor with fixty Men to the Bermudas, where ke {pent three years
in fortifying thofe IMands: but that which puta little ftop to this good beginning,
was akindof Misfortune that hapned ; for che Rats which were gotten afhore from
a Shipwrack increas’d fo exceedingly, that they devour’d all the Plants in the
Field,
and the Provifion in the Houfes, infomuch that a great Famine proceeded from
thence, all means to deftroy the Vermine being in vain ; till at laft Providence fent
a Difeafe amongft them, which kill’d them all in a very {hort time, Mean while
Moor went on in thefortification of the Ifland, and was ere long fupply’d
with frefh
People. Mr. Barlet was fent over with fixty Men, and carried from thence with
him eighty Pound of Ambergreece. And foon after three Ships more, viz,
the
Blefsing,
the Star, and the Margaret, conyey’d thither four hundred and ten, Men
and
Women. As foon as Moor was,call’d away, Damel Tuckard coming from
Virginia to
fucceed him, beftirr’d himfelf very much, Planting all places full of Trees fetch’d
from the WefteIndian Mlands ; as alfo Tobacco, with which
he fraighted a Ship to
Londun. Moreover, the Countrey was divided into Acres, that every Planter might
have an equal fhare, and know his own Lands. Anno 1619. Tuckard
was fucceeded
by Nathaniel Butler, who. in four Ships brought thither five hundre
d Men and Woe
men, to fupply the firft Plantation, which was much decay’d fince the Rats had
devour’d their Provifions, fo that it was little look’d after by the Company in
Lon-
don : But now they built. a Church and ere&teda Court of Judica
ture, and all
things were order’d conveniently for the publick good. After which many
Noble
Perfons fet Sail thither in the Magazine Frigat; and the Planters being
now fifteen
hundred in number, inhabited twenty Leagues of Land in length.
Fai bik On the longeft Ifland, call’d St. George, (for the Bermudas confifts
of feveral
mud. — Jflands, great and {mall) they built Warwick and Dover Forts
, with other Fortifica-
tions ‘and Towers, which had their Denominations from thole Noble-me
n and
Gentlemen that were Undertakers in this Plantation,as Cavendifh,Paget, Herber
t, &c.
from the Earl of Devonfhire, the Lord Paget, che Earl of Pembroke,
and others. _
Amongft the Havens the eminenteft are, Southampton, the Inlet Farrin
gton, and
the Great Sound. ) ro on
All thefe Mlands lying together refemblea Half-Moon,
and are furrounded with
Rocks, which appear at Low-water, and at High lie but fhallo
w, for it feldom
er Ebbs,
;
Chap. XI]. AMERICA, 313
Ebbs or Flows above five Foot. The Shore, for the moft part Rocky, and hardned
by the Sun and Wind, receives no damage by the Waves which continually beat
againft the fame.
The Ground it felf differs; for in fome places it is fandy or clayie, and in Nw *
others partly black, and partly white, or Afh-colour’d Earth; which laft is ac-
counted the worft, and the black the beft. Three Foot deep under the Afh-colour’d
Earth lie great Slates, and under the black, a white fpungie Stone, like che Pu-
mice, in whofe moift Crevifes Trees take root. |
The Pits or Wells, though they Ebb and Flow with the Sea, yet produce a
wholfom and fweet Water. i
The Skie is generally ferene,but when over-caft with Clouds, is fubje& to Lights irretke|
ning and Thunder, yet the Airis of a good temper, being neither exceeding cold, ae
nor exceflive hot : for which reafon the European Fruits grow better there than in
their natural Soil.
Their Harveft is twice a year ; for that which they Sowe in March, is ripe and
gather’d in June; then what they Soweagain in Angu/t, they gather in January. 4
Thefe Iflands breed no hurtful Creatures, nay, the yellow Spider which fpins off/70Con
the Coui-

filken Cobwebs, is free from Poyfon. trey,

The Plant Nuchtly, which bears fpeckled Pears, grows betwixt the Rocks which
are drench’d with Sea-water. Ca
The Hogs which above a hundred and fifty years fince {wam afhore out of the
Spanifh Wrack, are exceedingly increas’d there, but becaufe of their poornefs are
{carce eatable, they feeding onely on the {weet Berries which fall from the Palmitoe
Trees.
About the white and red Mulberries, which grow plentifully there, breed
thoufands of Silk-worms, which fpin Silk according to the colour of the Mul-
berries.
The Sea produces fome quantity of Pearls and Ambergreece.
From the beginning of the year till May, the Whales are {een to fwim not far
from theShore. — |
A ftrange fort of Sea-Fowl breed in Holes like Rabbets ;and amongft other
Birds, here arealfo ftore of Cranes.
The Tobacco which the Englifh have planted here grows very well. |
‘Here are likewife great Tortoifes, which Lay their Eggs in the Sand on the Labia
Shore, where they are’Hatch’d by the Beams of the Sun, andare taken after this ". —
manner: Inthe Night fome are fet to watch where they Land, and whileft they
are digging a deep Hole in the Ground, are thrown on their Backs, and not being
ableto get upon their Legs again, they lie and groan very pitifully : fome of them
having above two Bafons full of Eggs in their Bellies; which being about the big-
nefs of a Tennis-Ball, have a thin Shell, which inclofetha Yolkand White. If thefe
Eggs lie buried fix years, then the young Tortoifes breaking the Shell, come out of
the Sand, and inftantly creep intothe Sea. Their Flefh is not onely wholfom but
toothfom. The Oy! made of them isnot inferior to Butter.
Moreover, the Bermudas produce Cedars,the like of which ate not to be found in Caiitsof a
the whole World : The Leaves are douny and prickly at the ends,almoft like thofe
of the Juniper ‘T'ree : The Wood hath a {weet {mell,and the Berries, which are like
the Myrtle,ofa pale Red, inclofe four white Kernels ; the outermoft Skin where-
of is {weet ; the innermoft, which covers the Kernel, fharp, and the Pulp tartifh :
The Trees are always flourifhing, being at the fame time full of Bloflonis, green,
and ripe Fruit: The Berries, when grown ripe, begin to gape, and fall off in rainy
h Weather,
 AMERICA. Chap. XIII.
Weather, leaving a round Stalk on the Boughs, which lofes not_ its Rind till two
years after ; half which time the Berry requires, before it attains
to its perfect ripe.
nefs, which generally happens in the Winter : The Boughs fhoot ftraight upwards,
and become in time fo heavy, that they caufe the Body of the Tree to bend. This
moft excellent Wood grows in divers places of the Bermudas.
We fhall conclude with the refolute Exploitof five Seaemen, Anno 1616, who, to
the great admiration of all People, fet Sail from thence in an open Veflel of
three Tun through the main Ocean, and after having f{uffer’d. terrible Tempefts,
arriv’d in the {pace of feyen Weeks fafe in Ireland, . iis ae
Thefe Iflands are remarkable for divers forts of Plants, unknown in other Parts,
as the Prickle Pear, Poy/on Weed, Red Weed, Purging Bean, Coftive Tree, Red Pepper, and
the Sea Feather, Alfo feveral ftrange Birds, as the Egg Bird, Cabow, Tropick Bird, and
the Pemlico, which prefageth Storms. Rig | any

CRARL ALLELE ELA RLY RELY IEEE EeGe aes

ee) oe. ae
‘Hifpaniola.
He Iflands call’d De Barlovento, by which are underftood Hifpaniola, Cuba,
Jamaica, and Boriquen, as alfo the Lucaies,with the Caribes, and laftly the Ifles
call’d De Sotayento, viz. Margareta, Cabagua, and Tabago, are by fome com-
prehended all under the general Name of The Ifles Antilles ; though others reckon
the Antilles to be the fame with the Caribes onely. But leaving this Controverfie
undecided, we fhall begin with the Ifles De Barlovento; the chief whereof is Hi-
‘

4 -

Jpaniola. meant
+ 7 7

. > : }
- a

»! > | @4
» :
‘
;
-
.
sn _. Hifpaniola, or Little Spain (as Columbus nam‘d it) is, though not the largeft, yet the
7 of Bifpeniola Faireft and goodlieft of all the American Iflands, call’d by the Natives anciently Hiayti
and Quifqueia : It lieth about fifteen Leagues Weltward of Porto Rico, and diftant
+ |
/ °

J :
Ve Ta

ef

from the main Land of America about one hnndred and twenty; “tis of a tri-
' J.

>)
; ‘

angular form,the fharpeft Point whereofisthat towards Porto Rico, which they call
' | f

i ' i
! og (*
: ‘

Cabo de Enganno: that towards the Weft inclines to.a Semi-circle, containing a
' “1
- 1.
i} 4

a
iid
.
>
‘a
Re
1 ie
good and convenient Bay betwixt the two Points, viz- St. Nicholas to the North,
and Cabo de Donna Maria towards the South. It is not. thought to be lefs than a
a we
» i? oe
6 \.
Rat
-,

hundred and fifty Leagues in length, and in breadth fromthreefcore to thirty, and
:
| ———>
« |
' |
Di
7
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to contain in the compafs of the whole, four hundred Leagues at leaft, lying be
br, : oR:
- uy
ied

1
‘
m
‘}
,=
Pr
ae
. v
‘
twixt cighteen and twenty Degrees of Northern Latitude, having an Air fomewhat .
infefted with the Morning Heats,but well cool’d again in the Afternoon, by a con-
Tt ‘
hi
3 # -
'

ftant Wind from the Sea, which they call there Vira/on. Ivis, for the fertility of the
; :

'
ea J f
‘
iff rT 7

4} a” oe
Soil, one of the richeft’'and moft flourifhing Countreys in the World ; the Trees
fh)
| - ti

>
a
4
and all things elfe there continually clad, ‘as it were, in their Summer Livery,
Pha.VPs
‘ oR,
® i a
e the Meadows and Paftures always green, and. of fuch anexcellent Herbage, that
gst
TI,
ER,
i
Ii Yue Cartel both breed and thrive there beyond belief; both great-Cattel and {mall,. as
:iy u 4
7 i

Kine, Sheep, Hogs, ec. brought thither out of Spain, having multiply’d to fuch
- :
B 4)
} 7

numbers, that they live wild now in Herds in feveral places, and are both hunted
£ : i ,

’ ; ‘Th

and kill’d, like Stags or other Venifon, onely for their Hides, which they fend yearly
: ‘
: t

i if
j \

into Spain and other parts of Europe, as a great Merchandize and Commodity of
:

: ry

huge profit to them.

‘The
Chap. XII. AMERK IC A. 315

Wild Hogs alfo have been formerly feen to feed in the Woods in great multi.
tudes, but the Dogs fince they were brought over hither, have made great hayock
amongft them. ©
The Animals peculiar to this [land are 1, A little Beaft call’d Hutias, not much Bets
pew
unlike our Coneys. 2. (hemi, almoft of the fame form, but alittle bigger. 3. Mobui, **™
A Beaft fomewhat lefs than the Hutias. 4. A Beaft call’d Coxi.
Likewife amongft other ftrange forts of Creatures here, the: Cuyero is very obfer- TheFly éxy:
vable, being about an Inch big, and having four Wings, of which two are larger —
than the other : when they flie they fhine after fuch a manner, that in, the Night
they make a Room as light as day, infomuch that fome have made ufe of them in
ftead of Candles to Read by. |
No lefs wonderful is the Fith Manate, whofe fhape hath been defcrib’d elfe- lay Syne
where : It breeds forthe moft part in the Sea, yet fometimes {wimming up the
Rivers, comes afhore and eats Grafs. The Cafique Caramatexi kept one inthe Lake
Guaynato, which was fo tame, that when call’d by the Name Maton, it us’d to come
out of the Water,and go direétly to the Cafique’s Houfe,where being fed, it return’d
to the Lake, accompanied with Men and Boys, who with their Singing {eem’dto
delight the Fifh, which fometimes carried ten Children on its Back over the Water ;
but at laft.a Spaniard fttiking at it with a Pike, it would never come forth again
when it efpy’d a Cloth’d Man: Icliv’d twenty fix yearsiin the fore-mention’d
Lake, till by accident the River Hlayboaic over-flowing into the faid Lake, the Fith
return’d to the Sea. i ly :
Befides this great Fifh, here is alfo a fort of {mall Fith, call’d Abacatuaia, with a teckel
little Mouth, black Ey.es encompa(s’d with Silyer-colout’d Circles, four black Fins,
two longones under its Belly, one on the Back,and one on each fide of the Head,
the Tail flit and cover’d with a glittering Skin : It is as big as a Flounder, and not
ill Meat, but thick and’round. ifsio:E.. |
_ When the Spaniards firft fetled on Hifpaniola, they. were exceedingly ‘tormented eae
with a fort of leaping Infedts call’d Nigua, whichus’d tocat through their Skit into
= the
 316 eA MERIC A. Chap. XII,
the Fleth in fuch a nature, that many of them loft their Arms and Legs ; butat laft
they found out a Remedy againft this Evil, wiz, the fearing the Wounds with hor
Irons.
pa " Befides the aforefaid plenty of Flefh, they have many excellent Fruits all the .
year long, as Banana’s, PinesApples, Cuftud-Apples, Plantens, Papans, Musk.
melons, Water-melons, and many other peculiar Plants, as 1. the Auguba, a fair
large Tree, the Fruit whereof is call’d Pinnas, refembling a Malecotoon: Of this
Tree there are three forts, Jaima, Boniama, and Jaiqua; 2. Quauconex; 3. Axi; of
which there are alfo feveral forts, as Carive, Huarabuac, Axiblanco, Acafran-Axi, and
Axi-Coral ; 4. Yuca, the Root of which ferves in ftead of Corn ; 5. Certain Trees
call’d Guaibes, befides plenty of Mint and Potato’s.
TheProvine ~The Ifland of Hifpaniola was formerly divided into feveral Provinces, amongft
‘find. which the Mountainous Countrey Ahyguey lies towards the Ifle of Porto Rico. On
the Mountains, which are flat on the top, are great variety of fharp-pointed
Stones, The Soil isafort of colour’d Earth, which produces all forts of Fruit,
efpecially the Root Cafabi, and Melons, clan on
_ Fiyguey alfo conterminates with Yeayagua ; Northward lies Samana ; Southward,
Yaquimo, where there is ftore of Brafile Wood : And between the:City Domingo and
Yaquimo, is the Countrey Baoruco, which with its Mountains extends fixty Leagues
in length, and above twenty in breadth, without any Water, Pafture, or Food for
Cattel or Mankind. | ". 7
Next follows the Countrey Xaragua, lying at the great Inlet which divides Hi-
*

t
Jpaniola , for one fide extends to the Promontory of St. Nicholas, and the other to
oo
4 ’
:
the Point Tiburon. This Countrey produces abundance of Cotton.
Laftly, the Provinces Guahaba, Haniguagya and Cabay, are very eminent ; as alfo
id iv
: -
’

Cibao, which is full of Gold-Mines ; and Lavega Real, with Magnana, which lie bee
‘

»
(

nae
>
—.
—
a
.
-
7
4
|
tween the two great Rivers Neyba and Yagui ; the ftony Countrey Ciguayos, and the
- 4
:
s

-
:
:
low Coaft Darica, where Chri/topher Columbus built the City Navidad, which he after.
wards deferted. i
i &
Z ‘ :
| i '

Ginger was formerly brought hither from the Ea/t-Indies, but now grows here in
ta : %) :
: ;
Nomi ie} } (
4 ‘

fuch great abundance, that above two and twenty thoufand Kintalls are yearly
: -
1 - f :
:
: : ; '

Tran{ported from thence to Spain.

a

i fee ;
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ry 1

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With as good fuccefs grow here alfo the Sugar-Canes and Maiz.
° .

- 24
; ema | fl

;
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we
+ fay
:
Peter Martyr, a Councellor to the Emperor (harles the Fifth, relates, That Hli/pae
: rh
a
9 ty wh

&
Mw
1
'
niola produc’d in his time, befides Silver, Copper, and Iron, five hundred thou-
-

-
an
-

: fand Ducats in Gold: Neverthelefs the rich Mines lay undifturb’d, becaufe they
wanted People to work in them, infomuch that had they not planted their Royal
‘ \ y ' + ,

a
Dm |

Seat in Domingo, the Ifland had long fince been deferted, notwithftanding the ex.
- * i 7 |

' H 4

: ib ay §
« ‘

f
1 ab eh
| aa)
\
s
ceeding fruitfulnefs of the Soil, becaufe the Spaniards exercis’d their Cruelty in fuch
a nature, that of fixty thoufand Inhabitants from the Year 1508. to Ammo 1514. fcarce
M
: 148. y
t wy
‘
* ‘74
:
f
7 \

.
4
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A
fourteen thoufand of them were left alive ; all which is affirm’d bythe Bifhop De
-
las Cafas. Nay, the fore-mention’d Peter Martyr relates, That the Men wearied
with working in the Mines, kill’d themfelves, defpairing of ever being re-
leas’d from their Slavery ; and Women with Child deftroy’d the Infants in cheir
Wombs, that they might not bear Slaves for the Spaniards. He adds hereuns
to, That of a hundred and twenty thoufand Perfons, few were left in a fhore
7
=
-
a

TheGaiety Thefe Provinces in former times had each of them their Cafique, whofe fplendor
sefemt — confifted chiefly in Dancing to his Devotion, with a Girdle full of Bells about his
Middle, a String of Pearls about his Arms, a Covering over his Priyities, anda
-a-—
_
—
Plume
=

—
ee
>ee
~
+e
ah
-a
o=-
Chap. XU. - AMERICA. 217

sah

5
it

WOME
Oi

‘ vemire
im,
:
ee
to
—RE.
5)
ee
Ge
ee
: Seti = —< + woes a te ee
eee —

Plume of Feathers on his Head, with 2 Drummer before him, anda {mall Train
of Arm’d Men after him. | 7 :
On the Coaft are firft the Point of Nifao, ten Leagues to the Welt of Santo Do- Peas and
mingo. : |
Eighteen Leagues farther is the Port Ocoa, which is a Bay where the Fleets of
Nova Hipania take refrething, when they do not Anchor in the Nook of: Sepe/epin,
which is near unto it, of in another call’d The Fair Haven, two Leagues before you
come to Ocoa.
| Twenty Leagues beyond Ocoa isthe Port of Afua. .
. Thirty Leagues more Weftwardly is a large Point right againft the Ifland of
Bola, which lieth five Leagues fromthe Coaft. »
The moft Wefterly Point is call’d Cape Tiburon: It hath an Ifland three Leagues
fromitWeftward, call’d Caprio ; and Sailing along the Coaft, you will fee an Ifland
call’d Camito; and farther in the Nook of Yaguana another call’d Gyanabo of eight
Leagues long.
On the North fide of the Ifland, the moft Wefterly Cape and Port is St. Nicholas,
from whence North-Eaft and by Eaft, lieth the [land of Tortuga, near the Coaft
of Hifpaniola : It is of five Leagues length. |
Farther along the Coaft is Monte Chrifto, the Weft Cape of Natividad ; to the Eatt
of which there isa great Bay call’d Port Real. ,
This Iflandis fo full of Harbours, that he that will Coaft it, cannot well mifs
ef one where he pleafeth, moft of which afford'frefh Meat and good Water.
Moreover, Hi/paniola hath many brave Rivers, the chiefeft-of which are Hayna ;
Nizao, along whofe Shore the firft Sugar-Canes were planted . Neybs, a great Ri-
ver ; Yaquimo ; Yaqui, which Columbus call’d Rio de Oro, becaufe the Ground thereof |
glitter’d like Gold, and laftly, the Rivers Nicayagua, amongft whofe Sands is’
Gold ; Nigua, which borrows its Denomination from the fore-mention’d leaping
Infe& ; the fwift Stream Juno, whofe Barks are crown’d with handfom Houfes ;
and jaguin, which hath many Salt-pans.
The
 318 aAMERICA. Chap. XII.
The Rivers Itabo, Ocoa, Cepi, Bia, Cazui, Sanate de Plata, and Chiabon, have fome
one, others more SugareMills upon them. er ee
But the chiefeft River is Oxama, broad, and fo deep, that the biggeft Veflel may
lie clofe by the Shore ; and alfo wafhes $+. Domingo.
Dariprion "This City, the Metropolis of all the Ifles round about, was built by Bartholomens
5. Deminge. Columbus, and was peopled Anno 1494. after which it flourifh’d eight years, when 3
a terrible Storm blowing the fame down to the Ground, Nicholas Olanda remoy’d
it tothe Weftern Shore of Ozama, that the Spaniards, who had for the moft part fer-
led towards the Weft, might not be neceffitated to Ferry over: but the firft place
ftood much more conveniently, being not onely provided of a Fountain of {weet
Water, butalfo freed of thofe unwholfom Vapours which daily’ rife with the Sun
at this new-built City. To prevent the inconvenience of croffing to the fore.
mention’d Fountain, of which the Inhabitants. found themfelves oftentimes in
great want, Olanda went about to lead the neighboring River Hayna into the Ozama,
but the Defign not being profecuted, bereav’d Domingo of the onely thing which
—
al
a
would have made it able to ftand in competition with any City in the World ; for
it lies ona Plain, the South fide whereof is wafh’d by the Sea , the Eaft fide, by
the River ; on the North and Weft are many delightful Fields.
~=

--
~~
The City, which ina manner is built fquare, is divided into long ftraight
Streets, full of fair Houfes after the Spanifh manner: in the middle thereofis a
{quare Market-place, with a handfom Church, the Yard whereof is encompa({s'd

;
fi

with a high Wall, which upon occafion would ferve for a place of great Defence.
-S7“a
aS
a=
-#
-n
+eee
-

The Collectors of the King of Spain's Revenue dwell in ftately Palaces; and
‘: ¥
—~~=~"

the Dominicans, Francifcans, and Monks De la Merced, have brave Cloyfters, befides
two more for the Nuns. ;
| “ The Latine School and Hofpical belonging to the City, are Endow’d with great
a
“ne
-*'
a yearly Revenues. i |
', The Atch-bifhop of St. Domingo hath Command over the Bifhoprick of Concep-
. A
8
ee>.
—_—
ad
ee
tion, La Vega, Cuba, Venezuela, and Porto Rico.
i
The City is furrounded witha Stone Wall, and fortifi’d with a Caftle, which
‘with two Bulwarks reaches to the River Ozama, and within them two Half-
Moons. . ary |
On the utmoft Shore ftands a round Tower near the Southern Bulwark.
Before the new difcover’d Countreys entic’d away many People from St. Do-
mingo, and the Silver Fleet put into Havana, the Inhabitants drove a great Trade in
Hides, Tallow, Sugar, Ca/sia, Horfes, and Hogs. 7 |
Anno 1586. Sir Francis Drake Landed here with twelve hundred Englifhemen, took
the City by Storm, ftaid a whole Moneth in the fame, and upon Compofition with
the Spaniard, left it undeftroy’d. | | |
pines sticf Other chief Towns in Hispaniola are 1. Salvaleon, twenty eight Leagues diftant
Hifpariols. from St. Domingo, towards the Eaft.
2. Zeybo. 3. Cotny, formerly inhabited by thofe that work’d in the Gold-
Mines ; the laft efpecially was once a rich Town, and much frequented, but now
in a manner deferted.
4. Azua, or New Compoftella, eight Leagues diftant from St. Domingo, famous
for the Sugar-Mills not far from it, and one of the Ports before-mention’d.
§+ Yaguana, for its brave Harbour alfo call’d Maria del Puerto, in the more We=
'ftern parts of the Ifland ;a {mall Town not above a League diftant from the Sea;
It was burnt by Captain Chriftopher Newport.
6. Con-
 MENGO IN HISPANIOLA-==

ened
A et kk oe

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areee f guru os
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r § sruercl vuarw A;Jor 0 EF —
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e

Chap. XIII. A MER_IC A. 319

6. Conception de la Vega, adorn’d with a Cathedral and Cloyfters of Fryers, and
lying twenty or thirty Leagues Northward of St.Domingo: It was built by Columbus,
and from thence he had his Title of Duke de la Vega.
7+ Sant Jago de los Cayalleros, a very pleafant Place, ten Leagues Northward of
St. Domingo.
8. Puerto de Plata, or The Silver Haven, four Leagues diftant from St. Domingo to-
wards the North: It hath been counted the fecond Place of Trading and Wealth
in the whole Ifland, being commodioufly feated on an Arm of the Sea, and forti-
fi'd with a Caftle.
9. Monte Chrifto, one of the Ports alfo above-mention’d : It lies fourteen Leagues
Weftward of Plata, and extends it felf along the Northern Coaft : it is wafh’d by
the River Yagui, on whofe Banks are many Salt-pans.
All thofe Cities are much decay’d, and thinly inhabited, the Spaniards being moft fe Beney
of them drawn by the temptation of new difcover’d Gold and Silver Mines in vars he
other places, and the firft Inhabitants having been miferably deftroy’d. The Bi- 4
fhop De las Cafas, an Eye-witnefs, relates, That the King Gauccanarillo fecur’d the
Goods of a ftranded Ship,of which Columbus was Commander, and receiv’d the Spas
niards very courteoufly ; but not being able to continue fupplying them with that
quantity of Gold they requir’d, wanting Men to gather fo much out of the Streams
and Mines, and feeing no way to rid himfelf from the Spaniards Oppreflions, fled
tothe Province of Ciguayos, the Cafique of which was his Deputy ; -whereat the Spas
niards werefoenrag’d, that they burnt all that they could meet with, neither {pa-
ring young nor old; and at length taking Guaccanarillo, put him in Trons, and keevresnge
thought to.have carried him to Madrid ;. but the Ship in which fe went fuffering mesrtenite
Shipwrack, he with many others was caft away, being before almoft dead with =
grief for his Confort, who had been Ravifh’d by a Spanifo Commander. Likewife
Anacoana, Sifter to the Cafique, or Governor of the Province Xarana, and Partner
with him in the Government, {eeing three hundred of her Councellors burning in
a great Houfe, fet on fire by the Spaniards, and her Subjeéts torn by Dogs, or cutin
pieces, hung her felf out of defpair. The fame Death died Higuanama, Queen of
Huguey. Others fay that Anacoana was put to death together with her Brother-in a
moft barbarous and cruel manner, by Nicholas de Olanda, who fucceeded Diego de
Arana in the Government of this Ifland. Many Women and Children were kept
alive onely to Manure the Ground. The Men dying of their hard Labour in the
Gold-Mines, and thofe which endur’d ftoutly the cruel Labour under Ground,
were never fuffer’d to go to their Wives ; from whence proceeded'a great decreafe
of People, the Spaniards feeming purpofely to defign the deftruction of the Na-
tives of Hi/paniola, thoughthey receiv’d great benefit by their Service, for Gold in - eiuge
former times was found between the Cracks and fplit Stones of the Mountains, si
whofe Veins the Mine-workers digg’d for not without great and dangerous La-
bour. |
The firft Planters of Hifpaniola are, according to the common opinion, deriv’d gi:m cisinal
from Matinio, a high and Mountainous Ifle, from whence the moft eminent Inhabi- oleofEifpas
tants were driven by certain Rebels, as formerly the Syrians under the Government “”™”:
of Dido, were driven from Tyre to Lybia, and the Batavians from Heffen to the Couns
trey between Rhyne and Wall, at prefent inhabited by the Gelders and Hollanders.
Thefle Matininoenfians thus expell’d from their native Countrey, fetled themfelves on
_ Cabonao, near the River Bababoni : The firt Houle they call’d Camoteia, and afters
wards turn’d it into a Temple, towhich they fhew’d Reverence, and made great
Prefents: In like manner the Tyems,which ftood ona high Reck belonging to rag
of
 320 AMER TC =, Chap. XIII.
of the Canary Iflands, was by the antient Inhabitants of the Place had in great vene.
sation, infomuch that many leap’d down'from the fame, being perf{waded by the
Priefts, That the Souls of thofe which threw themfelves offthis facred Break-neck,
fhould immediately be tranflated into a place of everlafting happinefs.
Thewe TAG Ifland was, as we faid before, firft call’d Haity, which fignifies Wild, be.
Ifland. caufe in many places it {wells with wondrous high Mountains; and in other places
is over-grown with great Woods: it was. afterwards by the antient Inhabitants
Seal
nam’d Xu/queia, that is, Unmealurably great, becaufe they fuppos’d itto be the
whole World, and that the Sun fhin’d in no other place. .
—-
3
—Pe
eg) Indian Songs The Natives of this Ifland, though wholly rude of acquit'd Knowledge or Lite-
hom is
ee
<7
~ calldarevee. sature, likethe generality of the Americans, yet they took care to inftrué their Chile
ee
ion *=~
CgE,
dren in the Original and Antiquities of their Countrey, and the Wars and Exploits
4 n = ——
a=
» —--

of their Predeceflors, both which they contain’d in Songs call’d Arcitos, which they
us'd to Sing to the found of Drums and Trumpets ; .but efpecially theit Pérfons of
chiefeft Quality ftudy’d moft-thefe Areitos; dnd:exercis’d themfelves in Dancing.
ateorae he moft remarkable of thele antiént -Areitos, ‘were fuch as pretended to’ pros
Spniards hefie of things to:comey which if of-fad confequence, were Sung very mournfully
; and with many-Sighs ; nor,were they always, however infpir'd, without effect, as
appear'd at laft by woful event : for long before thé Spaniards Landed on Fi pani-
ola, it was foretold by one of them, that Magudcochios, fignifying Clothed People, fhould
Land on Hii/paniola, who with fharp'Weapons:fhould cut off Heads and Arms, and
under whofe infupportable Yoke their Succeffors muft fpend their days without
hope of ever being releas’d. 2n
:

It might be difputed whether thefe Preditions were di@ated by good of evil

Spirits.; but itis generally believ’d; that all their Oracles, whether hapning true or
falle, were fuggefted by diabolical Spirits to the Priefts, who commonly convers’d
withthem,; and chat thefe Spirits knew the Defign of feveral People to difcover
new, Countreys.-
;

me Knagee Their Images, Zemes, ftuff'd full of Cotton, were fafhion’d into very frightful
- fens. “Shapes, and. might pafs for thofe things which we call Terricula, ‘or Bugbears ; of
which fome were made very {mall; and thofe they ty’d on their Foreheads when
they..went.tothe Wars.. Every Governor hada peculiar Zemes,towhom he fhew’d
Reverence, in return whereof -he expeéted Rain, fair Weather, and to conquer his
Enemies, {uppofing him'to be a Meffenger of a perpetual and endlefs Being, by
them call’d Jocauna Guamdonocon, whom neverthelefs they fuppos’d to have a Mo-
ther, to whom they gave five Names, viz. Attbéir, Mamona, Guacarapita, Liella, and
Guimazod. is ots ,
Opinion
of | Lheit opinion of Mah’s Creation was thus : They fay, that out from a Moun-
the Creation: tain in the Province Cuanava, out of certain fmalland great Caverns therein, came
- dittle and great People; The biggeft Hole, call’d Cazibaragua, and the little one,
nam’d Amaiauna, were {aid to be lock’d up every Night, that none might pafs the
_., Sentinel Machchael, who out of curiofity leaving the Mountain Caata, and going up
>=
a
ee
-~.—
a
into the Countr was difcover’
ey, d by the Sun, whofe Beams he not being able to
endure, was turn’d intoa Rock. The like Mifchance hapned to many others, who
~ ~<
~>.
=~—
a:
—
sil s~a“
inthe dark Night going to Fifh, in the Morning attheir Return were chang’d in-
re
ET
ai
ee
ee
Ce
ee
——
—_—
a——
—>=..-
—
to.Oaken Trees, onely one of the Fifhermen was fent away
by the chief Comman-
der Vaguoniana, who moved atthe Complaintof a'Nightingale’s Singing, fuffer’d all
the Men to:go. into the,Hole, and the Women and Children ‘he Tianfpotted to
Matinmo, Butto make. flort of thefe non-fenfical Stories, in conclufion; the Men
being let out of their Caves, faw many ftrange Beafts zmonght
the Woods, which
being
.'
Chap. XIII. MUM MER ICA. 321
being turn’d into Women, were éntertain’d by them, and bfought forth. anume-
rous Progehy, which {pread over all Aispaniola. sci) | Aaid
No lefsridiculous an Account do the. Priefts give concerning thé Original, of rei foot
the Sea, viz» That faia, a mighty Man, buried the Bodyvof his deceafed Son sin a a
Pumpion,which fome Moneths after, out of meer affection tothe Deceafed, he cute
ting open, abundance of Whales fprung out of it. This Wonder being every where
known, amongft others, entic’d four Brothers born at one Birth (whole Mother
died in Childbed) to get the Pumpion into their poffeffion;) which ‘their Defign
prov’d {uccefsful + but'afterwards ftruck with a pannick fear of Jaia’s coming this
thither (who oftentimes came to mourn over the Bones of his dead Son) they fled,
and threw away the Pumpion, which breaking with the fall, the Sea gufh’d out. of
all places thereof, and cover’d’'the Plains in {uch a mariner, that hothing of them
was feen, onely the topsof the higheft Mountains appetar’d ;\at! which the four
Brothers terribly afrighted, rang’d through barren Defares, in which they had died
of Hunger,
had they not come-to a Baker’s Houle, which one of them entring;
ask’d for. (azabi; but the Baker denying them Bread,fj
pitomthem, which, caus’d
a mortal Dropfie, which the Brothers upon. confiltatiqn| found no way to cure;
but by cutting a hole in the Skin -with|a fharp Stone, and to let our the Water’,
but out-of cach running Wound fprung a Woman, who bare them four »Sons and
four Daughters.) b'Shil ei. solr |
., There.is'a certain Caye call’d Jovana-beina, which is adorn’d with a thoufand obey
Pictures, ih great efteem amongft them, atthe Entrance on each fide whereof &ina.
ftands a Zemes ; that onthe right fide is call’d Binthaitelles, the other Marobur, to
which they come from all places to pay their Devotions, becaiife (they fay) the
Sun and Moon came out of the {aid Cave to lighten the) World. |
Much after the fame abfurd rate is theit Opinion of the Deceafed; for they fu p- Genie
pofe that they range through Woods.and Forrefts in’ the Night, eat of a Fruit call’d t Psceated
Guannaba, and fteal'to the Embraces of Women in Moon-thiny Nights. A Tras
veller, fay they, if he be frighted at the appearance of a deceafed Perfon, great ins
conveniences will certainly attend him, but if he goes ftoutly towardsit, then the
Goblin vanifhes. |. + ote | | vas
Thefe Delufions are made great Myfteries amongft-them, and contain’d in
Songs, which their Priefts Boiti Sing to a kind of Tabor made of a piece of hollow
Wood, pretending that they have familiar Converfatio
with
n the Zemes concern-
ing future things, ain
Their Ceremonies about their fick, efpecially if Perfons of Quality, ate likes ee as,
wife very temarkably odd and conceited : Firft they chewaa ftrong kind of Herb, tisk.
call’d (ohobba, with which having fufficiently intoxicated their Brains, they foam at
the Mouth, and run with a Storie and a piece of Flefhein their Mouths to: the fick
Perfon, whofe Family they drive all out of Doors, except one or two, whole’ pres
fence the Patient requires ; then the Boiti walks four times about the fick Perfon’s
Bed, making ftrange Geftures, pinching his Lips aid Nofe; blowing upon his
Forehead, Throat and Temples, and fucking feveral parts of his Body, alledging,
that thereby he draws the Diftemper out of the Veins ; after: that! he chafes'and
rubs his Shoulders, Thighs and Legs, and ties his Hands and Feer: together, then
running to the Door, proclaims, That the Sick in a fhort time fhall be reftor’d to
his former Health ; which faid, he returns with his Arms ftretch’d out towards:
the fick Perfon, ‘takes the piece of Flefh out of his Mouth, which he gives him
backwards, faying, You fhall rife and.go forth in Health, for I bavetaken away your Sickness
Butifhe judges the Diftemper nor curable, he makes the Sick believe, that Zemes is
{0s difpleas’d
 *«
-
1

322 AMERICA. Chap. XIII.

_- ne
~~
=
- difpleas’d with him, becaufe he did not build a Houfe for him, or confecratea
Gardento him, or in fome refpeét or other did not worfhip him as he ought to
ao
aoe
’

—
a
-_-_e_——
. ° ew

have done. When the Soul departs out of the Body, they conjure the Body with
+- : —_—
<‘ - =4
=—
.~
-a
= — ~."
-- -

-.bind4of

many Adjurations, to reveal whether it died according to God's dectec, or through

negleét of the Boiti, as not having fanctifi'd himfelf enough by Fafting when he
A went firft to the Sick, or not prefcrib’d fufficient Medicines: wheréfore if (as they
>
fay) the Devil anfwers them from the Mouth of the Deceafed, that the Boiti did
om
-
_an
—
not perform his dye Office, then the neareft Friends revenge themfelves on the Boiti,
but if otherwife, then they are highly efteem’d amongft them. The Women ta-
4 -=

king the Stones which the Boiti kept in his Mouth, wrapthem up ina fine ‘Cloth
asa holy Relique, fuppofing that they will much facilitate their Childbirth. La
odal
-_

The Cafiques defirous to’ know future Events of War, or whether the approach-
_.
a~ -

Their ma
=-_
——
—
a
Sl
ae
a
——
a> ner of Con-
ar
=—
“
fuling
with ing Years will be fruitful, go into a Chappel confecratedto the Zemes, and {nuff
the intoxicating Herb Cohobba up their Noftrils ; whereupon they break’ out into
ae
«
loud Exclamations, and fome kind of ftrange extravagant Actions,till the power of
the Cohobba begins to decay, and the Frenzieceafe ; then coming again to their Sen-
“é
oe
*~
—4r= ,

=ak
~~
fes, they bow their Heads, and lay their Elbows on their Knees, in which pofture
they fit for a confiderable time, then lifting up their Eyes they yawn as if they
eee
ee
So

they came from fleep ; then they mutter tothemfelves whileft their Retinue which
ftand about them (fornocommon Perfon is fuffer’d to be there) thankthem with a
loud Voice, for the pains they have been at in difcourfing with the Zemes ; chen
he
>: e
the Cafiques begin to declare what hath been reveal’d to them): Viz, whether they
SSeS
2
os
—
—
~
fhall be fortunate in the Warsor not ; whether it will be afruitful. or un fruicful,
: ‘
=
-;
——
-
—:-
healthy or fickly Year. 7 fi roe se Dae
Geflipping- Moreover, at the Birth of the Cafique’s Children,the neighboring Governors vifit
4. 5
' i
‘) 7 ;
,7 Pr “FF f Mv
: ,

iF,
“i ag .

:
the Women in Child-bed, ‘and everyone gives the Child's peculiar Name; from
whence it happens that one Mam hath oftentimes forty Names, and is highly im
eae
a,
7
a=
—
_ 1 rt
: oh ‘
re

cens‘d if any one of themchances tobe forgot in any Writing direfted to him.
; ‘
\
5°
oh
ia +
’ ti
: , '

yl Ln Manesof \Their mannet of Succeffion in Government is not unremarkable; for not the
7 yt ‘ -

: iJ

ihe )
eldeft Heiremale of the Family, but firft the King or Cafique’s Brother, if he have
any, and after his Deceafe the eldeft of the Sifters Inherits the Realm of Seigniorie:
rt
| io) &
: '
f + ’

if the Sifters have no Male-iflue, then the Brothers Sons Inherit; and-in cafe they
f r {
afy yf
» Ta
: = é

ut :
have no Male-heir, then the next of Blood, whether Male or Female ‘but if ‘the
Prince or Cafigue dies without Children, Nephews, or other near Relations, thenext
: 1 wit

i; lin
:
iF 1} LY

in Power in the Countrey Inherits, and Marries as many Wives as he pleafes ; of

Ja e

:
‘ ’

which fhe that he loves beft is burn’d alive inher beft Apparel with her Husband
4
| ie

when he dies, and near the Corps ftands a Cup of Water and fome ofthe Bread
(azabi. BEA ;
Languages, "There are feveral Languages in Aii/paniola, but differing from eachother + for in
the Province Bainoa they have a different,both Pronunciation and Dialect from that
in Caizima. - | singe E npt
In the faid Province of Caizimu is a very remarkable Rock, or vaft Stone to be
feen, at the Foot of a high Mountain ; and underrreath the faid Stone. isa great
Cave, into which they go through a large Paflage; not unlike a Temple Door; |
—
ean
—
ean
—
near which conjoyn many deep Rivers, with fuch a Noife.and Foam, that they
lofe both their Sight and Hearing, whoeVer approach the fame. is pov)
AMT
EE

Antample OF the Language of the Province Bainoa, Peter Martyr gives us this Specimen’:
ae
aa= -=—
7
:
—
———
-
_-. ss
=i
=
=
’ or
ae
~~
*.
er
-aad
-.
é;
.,
== —-
: a"
=a
c7 -

an Language © The Wife of a Cafique (fayshe) went to Prayers in a Chappel which was buile/by
“the Spaniards ; at her Return from whence het Husband defiringto etijoy her,
‘the refufing, {aid, Teitoca, teitoca, techeta Cynato guammechina, that is to fay,’ Be ih
| . 6 tented,
,
Chap. XIII. AMERICA. $45
<< tented, Be contented, God would be highly incens’d : to which the Cafique ati{wer'd,
«© Gnaibba Cjnato machabucha guamechyna, that is, What care I ifGod be angry,
The taking
Since the Spaniards had firft pofleffion of this Iland, it hath been twice Invaded ot St. De
mingoby Sir
by the Englifh, the firft time unde the Conduct of Sir Francis Drake, who took the Fran, Draky,

Town of San Domingo, ftaid in it a good while, and could if he had pleas’d, have
totally difpoffefs’d the Spaniards; the fecond time under Colonel Venables, fent
thither by Oliver (romwell during his ufurp'd Dominion; at which time it might
‘aseafily have been taken as at firft,had not che Bufinels been rafhly and indifcreetly
manag’d, as fhall prefently be declar’d more at large. The firft Expedition of Sir
Francis Drake hath been already hinted, but forthe memorablenefs of that. bold
Exploit, we fhall give a particular Account of it from a late Writer, who hath fer
forth the Life of that brave Englifh Heroe. In the Year of our Lord 1580. aboutthe
end of February fetting Sail from St. Chriftophers for Hispaniola, by the Way they met
with a fmall Frigat bound for San Domingo, and the Men ofher being Examin’d,
one affur’d them that the Haven of it was a barr’d Haven, and the Shore well
fortifi'd, fo that there was no convenient Landing within ten Englifh Miles of the
City, whither this Manundertookto condué& them. January the firftthey Landed
ten Miles from the City, and marching thither under the Command of the Lieute-
nant General, arriv’d about one a Clock in the Afternoon; when they came near,
about a hundredand fifty Gentlemen well Mounted, prefented themfelves againft
them ; but the {mall Shot playing uponthem, they departed, and the Englifh pro»
ceeded towards the two Gates of the City that lay towards the Sea, both which the
Spaniards had Mann’d, and planted their Ordnance without the Gates, and fome
fmall Shot in an Ambufh by the Way-fide : The Englifh being about twelve hun-
dred Men, divided themfelves ; the Licutenant»General leading the one half to one
Gate, and Captain Powel the other half to the other Gate, vowing that wich God’s
affiftance they would not reft till they met inthe Market-place : No fooner had the
Spaniards difcharg’d their Ordnance, doing fome little Execution, but the Lieute.
nant-General hafted, or rather'ran upon them, to prevent their Charging again,
and notwithftanding their Ambufh, entred Pell Mell with them into the Gate, not
ftaying till he came into the Market-place, unto whom fhortly after came Captain
Powel with his Companies. This Place they ftrengthned with Barricado’s, the
City being too large to be guarded by fo fmall and weary an Army, And after
_Mid-night they in the Caftle, hearing fome of the Englifh bufie about the Gate,
quitted it, fome being taken Prifoners, and others efcaping by Boats. The next
day the Exglifh enlarg’d their Quarters, and fortifi’d themfelves, and held the Town
for a Moneths fpace. During this time the General fent a Negro Boy with a Flag
of Truce to the Spaniards, who by the Way was met by fome Offcers of the Galley
which the Englifh had taken, together with the City, who furioufly thruft the poor
Boy through the Body; who returning to the General, and having declar’d how
barbaroufly they had us’d him, fell down and died in his Prefence. The General
being much mov’ d herewith, commanded the Provoft-Martial to take two Fryers,
and to carry them tothe fame place with a fufficient Guard, and there to hang
thém , and withal he fent one of the Prifoners to inform the Spaniards why he did -
it, and totell them, that till the Party who had thus murder’d his Mefflenger were
deliver’d to him, there fhould no day pafs wherein he would not hang two Prifo-
ners, till all were confum’d. Hereupon the day following the Murtherer was
brought, and an Offer made to deliver him to the General, whoyet thought it more
honorable to make them perform the Execution themfelves in the fight of the Eng-
lifh, which was done accordingly. he Rea
li2
ee
During
 —

324. | “AMERICA. Chap. XIII,

During their abode here, Commifliioners oft pals’d between the Spaniards and
them about the Ranfom of the City, but not agreeing, the Englifh [pent every
Morning till the heat of the Day in firing and deftroying the Houfes in the out-
ward part of the City, two hundred Mariners being employ’d therein for divers
days ;yet were the Houfes built fo magnificently and ftrongly of Stone, that they
could not confume one third part of the Town all that time, arhereipg the Ge-
neral was contented to accept of twenty five thoufand Ducats of 55. Od, apiece to
{pare the reft.
Here his Soldiers met with good Pillage, efpecially of rich Apparel, but Trea-
fure they found none; for the Spaniards by their Cruelcies had fo deftroy’d the Na-
tives, who us’d to woth in
3 the Mines of Gold and Silver, that they were wholly
given over; and in that Ifland they were forc’dto ufe Copper Money: yet they
found here of Wine, Oyl, Vinegar, Wheat, Woollen and Linnen Cloth, fome
Silks, exc. which meh reliev’d them: there was but little Plate found, Sethgood
Rote of Porcelane, or China Dithes ; yet fome they found, and very coftly Houf.
hold-ftuff.
vnables bis Venables his Expedition was in the Year 1654: when Cromwell having gain’d the
worsen
De.{Upteam Power under the. Title of Proteétor, and having us’d fo many Engines for
ov the getting of Money to maintain his Greatnefs and ufurp’d Authority, thac
he was almoft brought to his laft Shifts, bethought himfelf of this Projeé, (or,
as fome fuppofe, had it put into his eu by Cardinal Mazarine, the then great
Minifter of State in France, with whom he had intimate Correfpondence) thinking
thereby to kill two Birds with one Stone: for on the one fide, he thaught by this
notable Exploitto advance his Fame abroad, and gain Creda. and Applaufe with
the People at home, by enlarging his Empire, and {preading the Renown of the
Englifh Nation, and foconfequently to eftablifh himfelf the more firmly in his new
gotten Power; and at the. {ame time by, the great Riches he promis’d to himfelf
from this Adventure, to recruit his Stock, which all his gtiping Exadtions, e[peci-
ally from the King’s Party, could {carce fupply for the keeping up of bik Army,
maintaining Intelligence,and other vaft Expences :To this end he fets forth a con-
fiderable Fleet with extraordinary {peed and fecrecy, it not being known whither
this Fleet was defign’d till they were almoft upon the very Place, that the Spaniard
might not be forewarn’d to provide againft them, onely in ‘Patek: terms it was
given out, that the Defign was both advantageous to the Nation, and would prove
a great enrichmentto all that went uponit; forhaticis no great wonder,if within
a fhort {pace'a good competent Army was got together of fuch as having neither
Eftates nor Employments, willingly offer’d themfelves, as Men that went from the
‘fear of Iron Grates,to the hopes of Golden Ingots ; and many of them were fuch as
having been in the late King’s Army, and difdaining to take any Employment. at
home under that Government,were eafily induc’d to Lift themfelves in this Armada:
~~
on
—_
——
~
a-—
=~
eop<
—=
é
nor was Oliver a little glad of this occafion of fending out of the Land,and employs
ing upona defperate Adventure thofe Men,who he had reafon to fulpeé&t would up-
~_——
—
-zs"
——
a
P<
on any Opportunity offer’d, be the firft Denotes of his ufurp’d Power. This Army
being fent to Port/mouth ous Embarquation, and there making fuch_ Preparations
c—<{_
—sa
4~+>
-?.

ee
a —_?
: _—
=
~-
~.
as was convenient, which a Moneths time or thereabouts was thought would ac-
complifh, a Meflenger came from Desborough (who was there to fet them going) to
the General, that he fhould prepare to Embarque on Chriffmas--day ; which at the
firft the General receiv'd with great impatience, alledging, That it was not poflis
ble fo to do, and that he would not fet Sail without his Arms and other Neceflaries,
which were not yet come from London + non at his going to Deshorosigh he was
eee ‘d
 4

Chap. XII. AMEK IC 4. SS

prevail’d “upon to fet Sail, with a promife that the Ships with the Arms. fhould
immediately follow him to the Barbado’s, »where he wasto ftay till their arrival ;
fo on Chriftmas-day they fet Sail, and about the fourteenth of Febraary atriv’d at Bar-
bado’s with three thoufand Men, and a Company of Reformado’s, which there
were doubled, and then,and nottill then,it was told them, That the reafon oftheir
fo fudden going away, was becaufe there was a Plot forming in England for refto-
ring the King, and that they were not thought fic ro be left there at the Head of
their Regiments, to be tempted with the advantage of joyning with any fuch Party.
At Barbado’s they ftaid till they had almoft undone that Place by eating up their Pro-
~-yifions,the Planters there {eldom preparing morethan they have occafion to {pend
in their Houfes, and for their Servants (having better and more profitable Employ-
ments upon their Hands) and the Soldiers not being content with fuch Provifions
as their Servants would be well pleas’d with, fo that they were in danger of ftar-
ving the Ifland and themfelves too: Thereupon a Councihof War was call’d, and
the neceffity of leaving that Ifland declar’d, and Orders iflu’d out to fet Sail for
Hifpaniola, where they might make fuch Attempt as their Condition would allow,
wanting Arms and other Neceflaries ; when they came within five or fix Leagues
of Hifpaniola the Fleet lay by, and a Council of War was call’d by the Commiffio-
ners (for fuch they had who were never Soldiers) with fome few Officers of the
Army, where it was refolv’d\to attempt Sat Domingo, and an Order made, That in
cafe it be taken, no Soldier fhould offer to Plunder, bue that fatisfation in lieu
thereof fhould be given by the Commiffioners ; the Officers of the Army in vain
oppofing and protefting againft it, which occafion’d the Soldiers to fay, That the
Commiffioners fhould take the Town themf{elves, for they would not ; Lots were
there drawn by the feveral Colonels who fhould firft Land, which fell upon. the
Black Regiment, who had no Arms but Half-pikes of eight Footlong, made of
Cabbage-Tree in the Barbado’s ;And Orders were then given out to the feveral
Colonels to Land at the River Hind, within two Leagues of San Domingo; fo they
fteer’d their Courfe thither, as was thought,by. Night, but the next Morning found
themfelves twenty Leagues at leaft from the place of Rendezvouz, though one Re-
giment Landed there,who durft not attempt the Town for want of Orders,though
doubtlefs they might have taken it, had they not ftaid in expe@ationof the General
and the reft of the Flect; but when they were thus caft Leeward of the Town,
they muft Land their Men, who no fooner went on Shore, bucthe Order againft
Plundering was read, and the Soldiers in a Mutiny to whom it was read, which
made the reft forbear to read it, judging it notime now to-difoblige them, who
had in their Officers opinion too juft a caufe of difcontent: However this was
made known to the reft, and difcours’d asthey march’d, That they had not thought
to be under a Committee here, but they would make them weary of their Em-
ployment ere they had done: And this indeed was enough, befides the faintnefs
and unufual Heat of the Countrey, to difanimate Men of good Refolutions, efpe-
cially the ordinary Soldiers, whofe hopesof Plunder is the.chiefeft prop to their
Courage, and exedted Gain the {purr to their Valour. After they had Landed their
Men, next Morning early they march’d towards San Domingo; but before Nooh
the Heat and Drought which they felt made them fenfible of their firft Errour and
- Inadvertency, in coming from England without their Neceflaries ; for through want
of Bottles; which were lefe behind, and came not till three Moneths afterwards,
the Men fell down dead in the High-ways, every one fainting and languifhing,and
crying out for Water: fhortly after they met with a Field of Oranges, which was
no unwelcome fight, with which they ftor’d themfelyes, but ere they had masch’d
7 hi 5 four
 . :

4
9 - ¢
va”
:
;” : t o +p

AMERICA.
we o

_ Chap. XUT
‘) |

326
4} a
' 4 i\
: - a!
’
4 '

four or five Miles thought they had quench’d their prefent Thitt, and their
ape

“toe ty ;)
. ,

? ee
Drought began to increale however, they march’d on, leaving fome of
their
: 4
’ dy ‘val

Men dead onthe place, others fainting, were fet upon the Troopers Horfes till
: y ta
' a
4 ai ‘
‘Y | '
il”
r j
they came that Night to fome Water, which gave them new life, and the
Morrow
-
-

i
7
:

t
,

i
:
:
’

early march’d again till they came within fome Miles of the appointed Rendez-
vouz,where they heard of.the other Regiment that Landed at the right
: '
,
are. place: And
now having refrefh’d themfelves with Reft, Water, and Provifion, they march
eT
’d
to the taking of theTown ; the General himfelf, with a {mall Party and a Guide,
f ‘
+4
i + ey
1 eo :

went towards the Townto

‘

find out fome Water, which he knew the Soldiers

:
- v | t i]|

} 7

would want, (not having Bottles to carry any) but as they were on their Marc
8
; |

h,
]i Ve
i)

which was very leifurely by reafon of the Heat, they heard a firing’
-
ber

of Mufquets,
, :
P}4

then making more {peed in their March, fuppofing an Engagement, in

|
the High-
way, about a Mile from the Town, .was found one of the General’s
; + ’
> .

Secretaries,
7 )

Ve!

with others,dead ; and not long after fome came back to the General,and
ti { ‘“ ,

7
-
' told him,
+
: '
vr
4
That looking for Water with the Guide, an Ambufeade iffa'd out, and
had kill’d
' se |

the Guide that fhould have fhew’d them the place of Water, and fome other
-
Bi

s ; and
- : :
J +
{ ’ i :
4 ‘ ‘
i
wit
4
; ' although fome which Commanded the foremoft Regiments
were very forward and
willing to affaule the Town, yet it was not thoughefitfo to do till the Army
‘
. vy

came
4 ‘
-
} * ,

up, by which time it was Night , and though they were then within half a Mile
'
of
the Town, yet the Soldiers were fo impatient for Water, that they could
! :

Wi
f q ahi

‘Ff
not ftay
till the next Morning to affault the Town, but were fore’d to march back
| H

to the
: » TRIG
-
: wv

b BY
’

: . River Hind about eight Miles ; (and this Relater did at that time drink
J } r
his own
Water) there they ftaid till they had again refrefh’d themfelves, and
hy - \s a
: 7 i!
eat. +)
then prepar’d
for their Return to attaque the Town ; and notwithftanding the March it felf
(2 1 fe"
; ‘

in a
be
>

hot Countrey was irkfom.enough, yet they were fore’d to make “the Soldiers
i%,

: _ +

‘i :
A. ‘
|
to
17 nl by

draw the Ordnance and other Carriages for want of Harnefs and other Necefl
aries,
- -

which were left behind ; however, they willingly underwentit by Turns

|
4 > i

: : : yr
: And
)

nowa Forlorn wasdrawn out, and other Orders given for a March,
efpecially it
' rf
,

being taken notice of, that the Enemies:manner of Fight was and would be
:
: *
-
,
P
:
)
-
|

by Am- .
al 4

_bufcades, a File in every Company were order’d to ftand till the other
came up,
‘ ‘ ie

* F i

and to face to the Right and Left to the Woods,which were all along as they went,
ad 7
ipa -
het oe
a
';
we |
todd 4
for fear of a Surprize ; and the Forlorn marching near an old Fort,
call’d Jeronymo,
: 3
ub tee >

*
=’, j .
which we had been poffefs’'d of before, but thought not worth the keepin
r
g, and
fearing they might meet with fome {mall oppofition there, began to fortifi
if ’ r

e thems
rae ‘

+ <i
4 t? * 2
‘ r :
felves, and took a Dram of the Bottle, which as they were drinking, and
others
- : ‘ el
? ‘
7 : ree

/
SP
>

1;
wt

. i
fs
e
-
‘
VF
r
eating abit, fuddenly rufh’d forth an Ambufh of abouta hundred and twenty
Blacks, witha Spanifh Commander in the Head of them, which fo amaz’d
- +

:
and fur-
ptiz’d them, that fome few onely Difcharging, the reft immediately fled ,
Te « :

the Blacks
("st r
- ;

quickly falling in with their Lances, and doing fuch Execution as the time
‘ hiv /

would
sey
J ’ H ,

- : - is
ny
allow them ; for prefently the Alarm being taken, and Supplies marching out
for
5

their relief, the Enemy, whohad done more than they could poffibly
5 '

f >
|

expeé to
_ have done, retreated into their Fort, which they had better fortifi’d
» : A e

. of
than before,
La 7
:
y t

and had planted fome fimall Drakes there upon it ,, theExecu

tion was fo fhort,
1 a
- - 7

that they had not time either to ftrip or pick a Pocket, left they had
: ’
-

: PI 4
paid too dear
| for it. After this Defeat a Council of War was call’d; and there
ow
; 4 :
:

it was agree
-

next Morning early to fall on upon that little Fort, and fo proceed to the takind the
g of
the Town ; but very early, asthey were in that expectation, Orders came fromt
he
General to the Army to march back tothe River Hind, for what reafon
this Relator
(though a confiderable Perfon) never yet knew ; where after they had
flaid fome _
‘ime, that Mifcarriage was queftion’d at a Council of War, and one of
the chief
. Officers
 -——-

»
~ 4 - . j
1 !—

Se

re Ae
ff 4
AlyBN . )
r =

fle 5 I ites
Sa \ iui
ye
gee
a,
Ee
Le
a

.
: , Pe = ; 3 sb (UT
: ETE er
;
. = y Ss “is Hi hey : : a F
= : SiN a
a wa Reo ai}
mi 4 ; , A:
\ ay a> ‘ | a =e Ta why ) Mc an te
LyVW yp
ae ' . ‘ .
~ a hi ik . 4
- ;_ i NA : BS es = lif
— a
—
.
oe : ' ,
=
vate
teat : ;
+ = |
==

ee :

Ming
At eae
piiestt
fe “ al Fa I
i)||Toh

il
: ra
(|!
|
—_—
4
en
an

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«il
 5 > 2. '
ig
->
4h
2
. 7 7-
. “ ~-_
a += —= spe,
a
fe —.
+ —— &
 Chap. XIV. AMERICA. ie’f
OGicers of the Forlorn order’d to have his Sword broke over his Head, with other
difgraceful Impofitions, and two Colonels of the Army were order’d
to draw
up the Caufes of this Mifcarriage to fend to England ; which, becaufe
’twas
thought would too much refleé& on them in Power that were to
fupply them, was
by thofe Colonels judg’d inconvenient, and fo twas never done. The number
of
Men loft by Stragling, Sicknefs, and this unhappy Engagement, amounted in the
whole to about two hundred and thirty. In afhort time after this, it was order’d
to Ship the Men ; which done, after fome Debates amongft the Commiffioner
s
what was beft to be done, Provifions nor Utenfils yet coming fit for the Defign in-
tended, which was to poflels {ome confiderable Place in the Main, it was agreed,
That they fhould fteer their Courfe for the Ifland‘of Jamaica; which they did accor-
dingly, and on the tenth day of May 1654. with little Oppofition pofflefs’d ir:
where the fame Soldiers have fhew’d not onely fuch Courage and Refolution upon
all occafions, (in many and frequent Encounters and Invafions made by the Spani-
ards, not onely with Soldiers of thofe Parts, but {uch as have been fent from Spain,
Naples, Catalonia, and other Places) as might {peak them Englifh-men,
but fuch hath
been their Patience and Sufferance, as’none of this Nation inthe memory of Man
have ever been put to, the Effeéts whereof their King and Countrey, ‘tis hop’d,
will have occafion to remember, to their immortal Honor and Renown.
Hifpaniolais {urrounded with feveral other Ifles, as 1. Eaftward appears
Saona,
full of pleafant Woods and Paftures, with Cattel feeding onthem : in former
times
it produe’d much (azabi for the City Domingo. but fince the Spaniards murder’d all
the Inhabitants Anno 1502. it hath never been inhabited. 2. The Rocky Shelf
St. Catalina. 3. Abaque. 41 Navaza. 5. Guanabo. 6. Tortuga, abounding in Hogs.
and 7. Beata, famous for the excellent fpeckled Wood which grows there, and
a
{wift River, which oftentimes detains the Ships there whole Moneths,

UERLLEADEE
EE EELE
RELLLERS LEOBILS
EB oeEE
eeoege
| CHAP. XIV.
Porto Rico, and Monico.
A Nother of thofe call’d The Ifles of Barlovento, is Boriquen, anciently fo nam’d, Bounds and
but now more generally Porto Rico,from St.Fuan de Porto Rico,fschief Town , Porte
.

Rice.
: . . of

is an Hland fifteen Leagues diftant from Santa Crux, to the North-Weft,

and about as many from Fii/paniolg to the South=Eaft, but from the Continent or
main Land of Paria (which feems to be the neareft) a hundred and thirty, or a hun.
dred thirty fix, as fome feckon. It lieth almoft in a quadrangular Form, being
fuppos’d to contain about thirty Leagues in length, and not
lefs than twenty in
breadth, in eighteen and nineteen Degrees of Northern Latitude.
The Ifland on the North, which is lefs fruitful than the
South part, produces et
* Gold, and is generally water'd with many Rivers. There is alfo
Silver, Tin, Lead, ee; iS
Quickfilver, and Azure, us’d by Painters. The Rain generally
falls there between
May and Auguft, A little before, or in the beginning of Harveft, the
breaking forth fromthe Clouds, rage in fuch a
Hurricanés
matiner, that it is impofible for any
Ships to endure the Sea, and 2 Northern Blaft gen
Plants here.
erally doth great damage to the
Ten: Leagues towards the South-Eaft beyond Porto Rico, | £
appears Sierra del Lo= Sere
Loquilla,,

quillo,
 AMERICA. Chap. XIV.
See. >

quillo, being,a continu’d Ridge of Mountains which runs through the whole Ifland
from Eaft to Weft, extending both ways to the very Sea-fhore. |
Rivers, Twenty three Rivers difcharge their, Waters alfo into the Ocean ; amongft which
the chiefeft is Cairabon, particularly noted for ten Sugar-Mills which-are erected
upon its Banks. | 7 ioists cay
The Hills, Plains, and Valleys, “are invefted with variety of Trees peculiar to
this place, as Tabunuco, which affords a medicinal Gum, good againft. Lameneds,
and green Wounds: it is alfo of great ufeto prelerve a Ship’s Keel from the Worms.
Another Tree call’d Maga, is everlafting Wood, and bears a great Flower likea
Rofe.
The Leaves of the Higillo Pintado-T ree cures all manner of Bruifes.
The fame power is alfo in the little Tree Santéa Maria ; as likewife in another
by the Spaniards call’d Bal/amo. 7
The Body of the Tree Zoyla is fo thick, that fifteen Men holding Hands toge-
ther, cannot encompa({s the fame. ;
The {peckled Wood, and Cafsia Fiftula grow alfo here in great abundance,
The peifon- Here is likewife AppleeTrees, which grow by Rivers fides, or on the Sea-fhore,
whofe Fruit is rank Poyfon, and who-ever fleeps under the fhadow of them, will
ous Apple-
Trees

certainly be Lame: The Fruit eaten generally caufes Death; or if Nature be fo

ftrong in him that eatsof it, to overcome the fame, yet he is certain to lofe his
Fipit.); > :
As hurtful is the prickly Herb Quibey, which bears white Flowers like Violets.
‘The Tree But this Ifland receives the greateft prejudice by the Tree Guaiaba, becaufe it
grows in moft places, and over-runs Plains and Hills, fo fpoiling all the Grafs, be-
@aiaba,

tween which and the foreemention’d Tree there is fuch an antipathy, that none
will grow near it. The Tree bears a brown Apple full of Kernels, which are eate®
by Beafts and Fowls, and from which falling on the Ground when ripe, grow UP
1
in new Trees, which makes the Countrey a meer Wildernefs: The Body of it
ering, and grow two and
fmooth and of apale colour, the Leaves hard, and glitt
rwe
Chap. XIV. AMERICA. 329
two over one another ;. the Flowers have-alfo five Leaves, if the middle of which
rifesa Crown like that on a Peacock’s Head : The Fruit, which is cover’d with a
foft Doun,. and fomewhat longer than the Exropean Apple, when cut through,
hath a pale red Pulp, full of eatable Kernels : before ie 1 ripe, itis of afharp tafte,
yet good boyl’d, but when ripe, of amoft-delicious and pleafant rellifh , neverthe-
lefs too much of it caules a Lask The Roots, which are red without, and white
within, are juicy, {iweec, and very long,che Leaves fallow and fowre oftafte.
_ Amongft the fkrange Beafts the Javaris, Opaffum, and Tatow are the ‘moft temark- TheBeat
able. The Javaris are'taken for .a fort of wild Flogs, and have fhort Ears anda
Navel ‘on, their Backs; litle’ Tails, fome black, and fome fpotted white.
|
The Opaffum is as big.as a Cat, hath a fharp Mouth}the upper Jaw-bone
hanging The opaffum
over the lower, long, ftraight,and broad Earsjand a very long Tail,bald at the end,
which winds ina Circle , On -its Back black Hair {prinkled with grey
Spots, arid
with its fharp Claws clini
up thebs
Trees; where it feeds on Fruit, and fornetimes
preys.on Fowls. Nature hath furnifh’d’ this Beaft with a ftrange Bag under its
Belly, whereof the in-fide hath a farfofter Doun than the out-fide, in which the
young ones lie and fuck, after which the Bag opening, they creep out upon the
Ground... The Males have alfo-a Bag; which fetves onely to carry their Young
in,
for they and the Females carry them by turns | |
The Tatow, which is arm’d with fharp Scales, hath the Mouth of aHog, and at The Tatow,
each Foot five fharp Nails: when it isHunted, or goes to fleép in the Night,
it
draws its Head, Legsand Tail under its {caly Coat of Mail, like a Tortoife, and
in
that manner lies fecure againft all manner of danger.
_ The Venifon taken here is very delicatés but difficult to be got; for
this Beaft
having a breathing-place in its Back, never tires with running,
b? and when encome
pals’d by the Dogs, falls valiantly on thofe thac are neareft to it, and often tears
them in pieces.
The chief Towns in this Ifland, dre 1. Porto Rico it felf, cominonl |
y call’d Crit Towm
St. John de Porto Rico (fo term’d by Chriftopher Columbus, as being the
firft Land difto-
ver'd by him in the Year 1493. at that time when he could not perfw
ade his Seas
men, wearied out with continual hardfhip, from returning, if they
difcover’d not
Land in two days) a ftrong and neat Town, built by the Command
of Philip thé
Second, King of Spain: It was attempted by Sir Francis Drake
in the Yéat 15953
without fuccefs, but a few years after takenby the Earl of (Cumberland;
2. St. Germans, inthe Weft part of the Ifland, three or foiir Leagu
es diftant from
the Sea. | eo
3+ Arrecibo, Welkward from Porto Rico, where the rioft noted
Haven is of thofe
Parts, for all the others are full of Rocks and Sands: -
_ The antient Inhabitants of this Ifland maintain’d conti
nual Wats with the
Cannibals (probably the Natives of the Iflands fo call’d) who
us’d every year to
Come thither: cthofe that were conquer’d, as well of the one
fide as of the other,
were eaten by the Conquerors, fo that in effeét, both fides
Were but a different fore
of Cannibals. |
Columbus Landing here, found a great Houle futrounded with
twelve others, buc
all of thern empty and defolate. | igh
This Ifland (which formerly is faid to have béen under the ab(elute
one fole King) the Spaniards not much regarded
Power of
at firft, having enough to do with
Hifpaniola, where they found more Gold than on Porto
Rico,
Anno 1510. John Ponce de Leon obtain’d a Commiffion
from the Court of Spain, to FM building
be chief Governor : of this Ifland, and built €aparra; which Place was inhabited ™
fF St, Ger

twelve
 AMERICA. Chap. XIV.
twelve years, notwithftanding it ftood behind a {craggy Mountain, in a defare
place far up in the Countrey ; but their thirft after Gold, of which fome Veins
were difcover’d there,made them difpence with all other inconveniences: yet at laft
beginning to be weary of this defolate and barren place of Settlement,they remov'd
to Guanica, water'd by many Rivers, whofe Sands had great quantities of Gold-
duft. Not ftaying long there, they went four Leagues farther, and call’d their
new Plantation Soto Major. Laftly, returning again, they ferled themfelves in the
former Valley Guanica, and built the foreemention’d Town | St. Germans by the Ri-
ver Guaorabo, which makes an inconvenient Haven. |
TheSiuati- Juan de Porto Rico ftands Eaftward at the beginning of the North Coaft,on a fmall
prion.and Peninfula, joyn’d tothe Ifland by an high [/thmus call’d Puente de Aguilar. Neat the
jemdeFor Mouth of the Haven lies on a rifing Hill the Fort Morro Empinado, built triangular
by John de Texilaand Baptifta Antonelli (who alfo planted there forty Guns), and fur-
rounded with the Sea, which renders it a well fortifi'd place. The Governor Diego
Mendez de Valdez had in it fifteen hundred Menand eighty Horfes, when the fore.
mention’d valiant Duke of (wmberland with a far lefs number fell upon him in the
Year 1597. and not onely took the City Porto Rico, but feveral other Fortifications
and befidesan invaluable mafs of Treafure he carried away eighty Guns. Sometime
before this Defeat the Spaniards under the Government of Chriftopher,Son to the Portus
guofe Duke of Camigna, were Invaded by the Cannibals, and all that were then up-
on the place utterly deftroy’d, none of them efcaping but the Bifhop and his Ser.
vants, who betimes fled away with the Church Ornaments ; fo that the Iflanders
from that time were put out of doubt that the Spaniards were mortal, for they fup-
pos’d them immortal when firft they faw their great Ships, and heard the noife of
their thundering Cannon. |
The Cafique
Tuguara’s Hugh Linfchot relates, That the Cafique Yaguara threw a Spaniard into the Water,
meet. eo try whether he would drown or not,and feeing him wholly depriv‘d of Life, he
concluded by confequence that the reft of them were mortal, and thereupon hefet
upon them when they were feeking for Gold, and kill’d above a hundred and fifty
of them. . .
Peter Martyr relates farther, That thefe People, though very expert in Arms, yet
were oftentimes beaten by the Cannibals, who at one time carried above five
. thoufand People out of Parto Rico for their Winter Provifions. —
The Ava Nor was their Condition better’d after the Spaniards conquer’d the Ifland,for thofe
ofteSpe-- that could not furnifh them with Gold, were certain of Death: Nor were their
__Cruelties in other places undivulg’d to this People before their Arrival , where-
upon (as is related by Peter Ordonnex de (arellos) the Cafique Hatvey being inform’d
of the Spaniards Approach, took an Oath from his Subjects, That they fhould never
difcover where the Gold lay, though they fhould be put to death for it ; For ({aid
he) Gold is their God, for which they make fo many curfed Blood-baths where-ever they come ;
therefore throw the Gold into fome very deep Waters, for when the Spanifh God is funk, the
Spaniards will lofe their Courage, and not plague ws fo much for ite | er a
Ceiemonics Many were the Idolatrous Ceremonies of the old Natives of this Place, which
Naive. would be too tedious to relate ; but amongft the reft, they annually kept a great
Feaft, at which the Cafiques fummon’d all their Subjeétsto 2 Temple appointed for
that purpofe, where the Priefts had prepar’d an Idol ready fer forth in all its Pa-
geantry ; neat which the Cafique plac’d himfelf, when upon the beating of a Drum
all the Commonalty camealfo into the Temple ; the Men painted with divers Co-
lours, having on their Heads Plumes of Feathers, about their Necks, Legs, and
Arms, Strings of Sea-fhells. The Married Women had alight Covering about
3 | ‘- their
Chap. XV. _ eA MERIC ZA. 33!
cheit Middle, but the Maids went fark naked, all of them Dancing and Singing
Songs in praife of the Idol; after which having faluted the Cafique, they thruft
little Sticks down their Throats, foto bring up all they had upon their Stomachs;
which done, and fitting down with their Legs under them, they begari to Sing
anew, often bowing and fhewing Reverence to the Cajfique ; whileft fome Women
catried Baskets of Bread. amongft thofe that Sang, and utter’d certain Prayers, which
were anfwer’d by fome of the Men; the Bread being blefs’d by the Priefts, they
gave every oneia picce, with which they return’d home very merry and jocund.
But the. God of this Ifland, whoever he was, hath been a long time left
without Worfhippers; for thofe that were left by thé Invading Cannibals, were
He maffacred by. the Spaniards, infomuch that they have been thereby néceffi-
tated to furnifh themfelves with Negro’s to work im their Mines and Sugar-Mills ;
and thefe alfo not able to endure fuch-hard Entertainment, ran moft of them away :
for when a Negrodid not bring Gold enough homeiat Night, his Mafter tying him
naked to a Stake or Poft, and beat him with Rods or Switches fo long, till the
Blood ran down his Back, then pour’d boyling Oy! into the Wounds, and then
threw Pepper and Salt into them, and fo let him lie, or elfe put him into a Pit, out
of which his Head appear’d onely. But thofe that fled gathering together, fome-
times met with the Spaniards, and paid them in their own Coin. |

Aftward of Porto Rico, and betwixt it ard Hifpaniola, there lieth a little, birt ThMn:
i, fruitful Mland call’d Mona; and Weftward of that, another call’d Monico, or
Monetta , which laft the Englifhy when time was, found fo admirably ftor’d with a
fort.ofwild Fowl, that the huge Flights of them feem’d to darken the Air over their
Heads, and upon their Landing found fuch plenty of their Eggsupon the Shore’
that they prefently laded two of their Boats with th em.
and Ground thereabouts,
But how peopled or poffefs’d, not fo well known.

ERLREARERR
GYEEEEEEGEE EEOC EEEEG BEBE eee st
| CHAP. XV...

Cuba.
big esas ot tather to the North-Weft of Hifpahiola, lieth Cuba, ac- abe
counted one of the four HMles of Barlovento, and by Columbus, upon His ¢uba.
firft Difcovery, call’d Joanna, afterwards Fernandina, then Alpha and
Omega, vill'at laft the prefent Name prevail’d ; it is parted from the other by a
Frith, or narrow Channel, which runneth betwixt the Capes of St. Nicholas, bez
longing to Hii/paniola, and that call’d Mayzi; belonging to (tiba ; On thé North it ts Bounds
hath a Frie of little Iflands call’d The Leucaye Iflands, of which more in their propet
place, fo many and fo-thick {catter'd, that they ferve for no {mall Security and De-
fence of the Ifland on that fide; befides, a part of the Peninfula of Florida, which
Coafteth it likewife Northward ; on the Weft ic hath the Countrey of Jucatan,
which is part of the Continent, but ata diftance of forty or fifty Leagues ; and on
the South, Jamaica. It is reckon’d to bein length from Cape Mayzi, which looks
towards Hifpaniola toi the Cape of St. Anthony, which isupon the Bay of Mexico, two
hundred and thirty Leagues, but in breadth in fome places not above fifteen or fix-
teen Leagues over; in the broadeft place from Jardines to Lucanaca, not above forty,
in
 ~
+

33% AMERICA. Chap. XV.

in others fixty five. But for fertility of Soil, contending with Hii/pani
ola it felf ‘and
for temperature and healthinefs of Air, much exceeding it; nor
lef$ tich formerly
in good Mines both of Gold and Silver, and plentifully fter’d at pref
ent; not onely
with Sugar-Canes of the beft Growth, but likewife with abu
ndance of Ginger-
Roots, Ca/sia-Fiftula, Mattick, Aloes,Cinamon; Long-Pepper of Americ
a, as they call
it, and divers other forts of Spices. The Pafturesno lefs abound
ing with Cattel‘6f
all forts, efpecially of European Breed ; the Rivers and Coafts of
the Sea with’ good
Fifh ; no {carcity of Fowl, whether wild’or tame; good Braf
s and Iron fill found,
with fome Gold in the Rivers, efpecially thofe which fall into the Bay
*Xagia on
the South fide of the Ifland ; the chiefeft thereof are Avimao;
La Luna, De Mares,
and Canto; the biggeft of them falls Southward into the
Sea; all’ of them bréed
ftore of Crocodiles, which have oftentimes {eiz’d both upo
n Men and'Beafts, and
carrying them into the Water, -devour’d them there. | |
2h Ca Re i 17 2 U

Trees,
The Cedars breathe forth a moft excellent fweet fmell;
nd:
and grow fo large, that
out of the fingle Trunks of fome.of them Boats’ are faid to
———

have been made, ‘capa-

ble to hold forty, fometimes fixty Men.) « Ran WD =J 1, JO0Ch
qg262-+4
aaee
= me

There are alfo many other very odoriferous Trees, yiel

——

dingacertain Rozéi'or
Gum, no lefs precious than the Storax. ~ .

120g cpepathetaans Lehi

Birds. But nothing grows here more plentifully than Vines,
the Bodies or Stdcks of
which are as thick as a Man’s Middle, and bear excellent Grap
es
Befides Partridges, Turtle-Doves, and other Fowl; the Seasf
hore breeds thon.
fands ofCranes, which when young, are white, but when old,
become of ‘{everal
Colours ; they ftand commonly with their Legs in fale Wate
r, which they: drink.
Manner of ta-
king Parrots,
The Parrots which breed here us’d
to be taken bythe Natives’ after!" ftrange
manner: A Boy having a Bundle of Herbs about
his) Head, “climbsjiip»t6 the top
of a Tree, holdingaParrot over his Head; which by gripi
ng: he’ fotées"to make a
noife, and thereby draws others to come flying about him, upon which,
pert in this Art, he throws a String with a Noofe made being’ex-
faft to a Stick about them,
and pullsthemtohim. «+. -. RRERT AQSSAS Sass Seage.
There are a fort of four-footed Serpents, by the Natives
call’d Yeuanas, of which
they us’d to eat, . ee | |
The Fleth of Tortoifes or Turtles, was.accounted
a great Dainty amongft them,
efpecially thofe of the biggeft fize,of which fome
have been knownto weigh a hun-
dred and thirty Pound: The Feet of them are faid
to cure the Leprofie and Scabs,
Amongft the peculiar Trees of this Countrey, are the Zagua
and the (aninga.
The Cotton, which is of the natural Growth of this
Place, is exceeding fine.
Here is alfo the Bird Flamingo, and another fort of Bird
call’d Bambayas.
In former times Cuba was Govern’d by feveral Lords,
each Commanding over
his own Province, Lot :; | . thay Sade.»
Chief Pro-
vinces of -
The chiefeft of thefe Provinces are Mayxi, Bayamo, Cueyba, Camguey, Macaca, Xagua,
Cuba. Habana, and Ubima ; fome of them are plain, others
mountainous, and being more
or lefs fruitful,
were very populous, before the Spaniards came'thither, but
cruel Maffacres, {earce any of the antient Natives fiice their
are left! Nor are the Spaniards
here at prefent very populous, confidering
the largenefs of the Ifland. ’ Yee
In the Province of Camaguey is’a Valley three Leagues in
~

*+
-—

bignefs, where Nature

produces a great nuinber of large Stones fo exaé
tly round, that no’ Man with 2
Compafs can make a more
-

exaét Circle. mseoees 21 2h

lames boris)
°a
a.e=ttag~~
=-"*
-
- .a
-
Though theGold, which is digg’d out of the Mines,
and°found in Rivers, is
none of the puref t, yer the Copper which this Countrey affords is acto
unted ex
——
to
i

—-
—
——-
-a
ential
cellent.
aQsIe fies
. The
|rg

LAnavi
U1 Aceon Mis c=
. ——
=

nr

|‘

inl
BT

= \S\e
r<—— =
SSS =— =
=
=
Chap. XV. AMERICA 333
s « Serpenes,
The Serpents here are about the bignefs of aHare, having Heads ‘like Weezle
they prey on little Beafts call’d Guabiniquinazes, and have been accounted delicious
and wholfom Meat.
Theantient Natives went formerly naked. The Men made it a Cuftom to for- Aanlent Cx-
(ake their Wives when they pleas’d ; yet the Women were ftill oblig’d to be faith- Nauves.
to
ful cothem, though from the very firft day of their Marriage they were taught
Cuckold them, by a certain wicked Ceremony in ufe amongft them; forthe
Bridegroom lay not’ with his Bride the firft Nighc, but fuffer’d her to be enjoy’d by
one of his Friends of equal Quality withhimfelf, whether he were Lord; Mere
chant, Laboring-man, or what Eftate foever. :
This Ifland was reduc’d under the Spanifh Government not without great effu- Th Spent,
fion of Blood ;. forthe Natives having had continual Wars with the Cannibals, as passes bye
hath:been faid, were not ignorant in the Exercife of Arms. The firft Spanifh Com- :
mander fent againft them was Valdivia, whom they flew with all his Men,and hew’d
his Ship in pieces. Little better efcap’d Fogeda, whofe Men were all cut off, and
he himfelf efcaping very miraculoufly , died not long after of his Wounds in
St. Domingo. | |
Withintwo. years after, viz. Anno.1514. Diego Valafquex, with better fuccefs fee id a
forth for Cuba, where the firft thing he did was to build a City, which he call’d
St. Jago, lying near a Southern Bay, full of Fith, and defended with feveral {mall
Ifles, behind which the Shipsin the greateft Storm may Ride very fecure , by reas
fon whereof the new City increas’d fo much, that ina fhort time it could fhew
two thoufand Inhabitants, a brave Church, a Cloyfter, and was made a Bifhop’s
See, but fubordinate to that of St. Domingo.
Threeor four Leagues from the City are thofe famous Mountains, by the Spa- tron
niards call’d Sierra de Cobre, or ‘The Copper Mountains, from the abundance of that Me-
tal which the Mines in them afforded, and do yet afford ; but the City was aftere
wards almoft left defolate, (divers Houfes in the fame ftanding empty) having init
{carce two hundred Inhabitants ; which made it the eafier to be taken by a hun- s+. Fare
dred and fixty Englifh-men, led by Captain Cliff, Anno 1601. who carried from thence 2rx!.
a hundred thonfand Pieces of Bight, and a Ships Lading of Hides and Sugar,
a Befides St.Jago, Valafquex built the Town Baracoa,on the Eaftern Shore of Cuba, Baracos.
wath'd by the River Mares, which falls into the Ocean between two Mountains on
one fide, and a flat Point on the other, and is a moft excellent Harbor: Not far
from which grows the beft Ebony Wood.
3. He alfo built the Town St. Salvador, one of the moft healthful Promontories +. Ssvsde.
of all Cuba, near the River Bayamo, which produces round Stones, us’d there in ftead
of Bullets. | |
4. Helikewife built Trinidad, before which hardly acceffible Harbor many a Ship "#4.
hath been caft away : But this Fort was bya mighty Storm levell’d even with the
Ground.
5. Near the Haven before the Town Puerto del Principe is a Fountain, out of Sos ag
which at certain times flows liquid Pitch. |
6. The Town call’d Villa Santti Spiritus, fix Leagues from the Ocean, boalts YuleSe
fifty brave Houfes, and is wafh’d by the River Saaz.
7. The chiefeft City which the Spaniards pofiels in the Weft-Indies, and the pre- #4.
fent Seat of their Governor, is Chriftovall de Havana , which ftood firft on the South
fide of Cuba, but was afterwards built onthe North, oppofite to Florida: The Har-
bor before itis large and fafe, for itis able tocontain a thoufand Ships, without
the leaft endangering of one another, and yet the Entrance fo narrow, between a
Kk Promon-
 te Dh
- n
7

AMERICA. Chap. XV.

Promontory and a fquare Fort, that two Ships cannot Sail in toge
ther : the fhal-
loweft part thereof hath fix Fathom Water. On each fide
the Mouth of the Har-
bor is a Fort, the one call’d Mefa de Maria, which ftan
ds built on a Champain
Ground ; the other call’d Morro, which lies at the Foot of two-
Hills, on whofe
tops feveral Guns are planted, which Command the Town and Hav
en.
Betwixt thefe two Forts.isa Tower cover’d, on the top whe
reof is'a round Lan.
tern, wherein ftands continually a Watch-man, who puts fort
h as many Flags as he
difcovers Ships at Sea, to give notice thereof to the City, which
is a Mile from
thence. i !
Before Havana ftands a third €aftle, well for’d with Guns, as
likewife the reft
are, in all tothe number of twohundred and forty, and ftrongly
Garrifon’d , of
which great care was taken by the General Fean de Texeda, and Baptif
ta Antonelli, an
Architect, f€nt thither by Philip the Second, King of Spain, to
fecure the Place from
all foreign Affaults, becaufe the Plate-Fleet, and other Ships
that come outof the
Weft-Indies, have their place of Rendezvouz here, and from
hence fet Sail altoge.
ther for Spain. The City ftands along the Haven, and hath
two Churches with
{pity Sceeples. The Houfes are now built after the Spanifh mann
er. |
Havana {e- But Havana was not fo ftrongly fortifi'd in former times, for Anno
vera] times 1536. it could
Affaulted not refift a mean French Pyrate, who lofing the reft of his Fleet
and taken, was driven hither
by Storm, and conquering Havana, had burnt the fame, confi
fting at that time of
woodden Houfes cover’d with Thatch, had not the Spaniards redee
m’d them from
the Fire for feven hundred Ducats ; with which Money the
French fet Sail, when
the day following three Ships arriv’d from New Spain before Havan
a, and having
unladed their Goods, and preparing themfelves for Batte
l, purfu’dthe Pyrate ,
whom getting fight of, the Admiral, who Sail’d before, durft
not venture to Engage
him alone, but ftaid for the other two Ships: from whic
h cowardly Aéion
the French Pyrate taking Courage, fell on the Spanifh Admiral,
who without firing
a Gun ran his Ship.afhore, and deferted the fame: the next
Ship thereby difcou-
rag’d, Tacking about, made away from the Enemy; on whic
h the third alfo fol-
low’d, infomuch that at laft they were all three taken by the
French ; who encou-
rag'd with this unexpegted Vidory, fteer’d their Courfe a fecon
d time to Havana,
where they got as much more Money from the Inhabitants as
before. After this
the Spaniards buile all their Houfes of Stone,and a Fort at the
Mouth of the Harbor,
yet neverthelefs the City lay open on the Land fide ;of whic
h the Englifh Fleet,
Cruifing about in thofe Seas, being inform’d, Landed not far
from Havana,and ens
ter'd the City before Day-break : the Spaniards thus fuddenly furpriz’d,
fled into the
Woods, whileft the Englifh plunder’d and ranfack’d the City
without any refiftance.
But this was notthe laft Blow which Havana receiv'd, for durin
g the Wars between
the Emperor Charles the Fifth, and the French King Henry the Secon
d, a Ship fet Sail
with ninety Soldiers from Diep to (uba, where they made themf
elyes Mafters of
St. Jago, and carried great Treafure away with them: Thuse
ntrich’d, they fet in
the Night on Havana, but found their Expectations fruftrated
, for all the Houfes
were empty, the Spaniards (being fo often Plunder’d) having remov
’d all their
Goods to their Countrey Houfes, which lay {cattering about
the Ifland. Whileft
the French were fearching the Houfes, two Spaniards came under
. pretence of agree-
ing withthem, but their Defign was chiefly to take an Account of
theit Enemies
Forces. The French demanded fix thoufand Ducats of them : to
which
the two
Spantards reply’d, ‘That all their Goods would not raife fo much
: then going to
their Party, inform’d them of the number of the Enemies, and their Demands ;
whereupon Confulting, fome judg’d it beft to comply with a fore’d
Neceffity, and
if
Chap.. XV. UMERUCA. 335
if they could not get any thing abated, to pay the demanded. Sum :.but moft of
them were of another opinion, alledging, That the number, ofthe. French was not
equivalent to their Demands, and that it would not be for their Credit, to yield
up their Eftates fo tamely, without trying their Title by the Sword :, This being
judg’d fitteft, they march’d to Engage them with a hundred and fifty Men, which
about Midnight fell on the French, and at the firft Onfet flew four of them ; but up-
on the firing of the Gun they were all alarm’d, and after a {mall Skirmith, put the
Spaniards to flight. The Conquerors enrag’d at this treacherous Plot of the Spani-
ards, fet fire on Havana, in which dt that time was a good quantity of Pitch and
Tarr ; with whichthe Gates, Windows,Roofs, and Pent-houtes being all bedaub’d
over, were in few hours all in alight Flame ; after which the Churches in order
for their firing, werealfo going to be over-laid, with the fame combuftible Matter ,
at which a, Spaniard boldly defir'd, that the Temples ‘erected for Gods Service
might be fpar’d:.to which he was anfwer'd, That People who keep. not theit
Promife, nor had any Faith, had no need of Churches to profefs their Faith in.
The French not fatish’d with burning, pull’d down the Walls, and utterly demo-
lifh’d the Fort.
The Haven Xagua alfo is not inferior to any, the Mouth thereof being a Bowe- Mt
fhot wide, and within, ten Leagues: The Ships are fecurely fhelter'd behind three
Iflands, and alfo the Mountains, which rife along the Shore. | |
Moreover, the Inlet Matancais not onely eminent, by reafon of the round Moun
tain Elan de Matancas, which rifes from alow, Ground, but chiefly for the Expeditis The Succ
ons of Admiral Peter Peterfon Hein, who being fent out by the Weft-India Come Per tein.
pany, to Crufeup and down before Havana with one and; thirty Sail, was from
thence by a {trong Current driven down to Matanca; where he.ftood from the
Shore, when ten Ships came juft running amidft his Fleet, and were all taken but
one: About Noon they difcover’d nine Ships more, ,which Sailing along the
Shore, got into the Inlet Matanca, where they ran aground ; whither Hein follow-
ing, came up to them the next Morning by Break-of-day, and after a fmall Refi-
ftance took them, being valu’d to be worth above.a, hundred and fifteen Tun of
Gold, befides the Musk, Ambergreece, and Bexear with, whichtwo. other Ships
were laden, and another rich Prize, | i :
This large Ifland Cuba (as we have before obferv’d)' formerly divided into fo
many populous Territories, is. now ina manner defolate; for according to the
Spaniards Relation to the Admiral Henry Jacobfon Lucifer, when he was before Ha-
vana, Cuba had upon it not above fixty thoufand.Perfons inall, in 4mmo1627. But
who-ever Reads that which Bifhop Bartholomeo de las Cafas hath written in his Book,
(Printed. firft in Sivill inthe Spanish Tongue, and afterwards, with the King of
Spain's leave, in French at Antwerp) will, eafily find the reafon, why Cubs and
many other Indian Countreys
lie fo.defolate ;-and how. fenfible the Indians were of
the Spaniards ufage, appears by this following Story, related by the {aid Bifhop, of
a (afique call’d Hathuey, who before the Spaniards approach’d his Countrey, Anno 1511.
fled from Hifpaniola to. Cuba ;where afterwards he was taken by the Spaniards, and “
condemn’d to beburnt alive with green Wood: whileft he was tying to a Stake,
a Francifcan Monk Preach’d to him the Myfteries of the Chriftian Religion, of which
he had never heard; and likewife that he fhould afcend up to Heaven if he dy’d in
that Belief; but if not, burn perpetually in Hell : Whereupon Hathuey asking the
Francifcan, If there were any Spaniards in Heaven? and being told there were, an-
{wer'd, I will rather converfe amongst the Devils in Hell, than among/t the Spaniards, whofe
Cruelty is fuch, that none can be more miferable than where Spaniards are,
Kk 2 Before
 -_

AMERICA. Chap. XV.

Before we conclude the Defcription of Cuba, it will be material to add fome
Paflages of a Letter from Major Smith, Governor of the Ifle of Providence, who was
taken there in the Year 1665. which will give light to the knowledge of the pre-
fent State, not onely of Cuba, but of fome other parts of America, belonging to the
Spaniards ; which is as followeth : — ,

“$1dating Co isa very good Ifland, and in it is generally the beft Land, for: fo large a
aa ee Countrey, as.Ihave feenin America, although I have travell’d the maia Conti-
Pars. nent in feveral places, and have crofs‘d from the North Sea to the South Sea, as
alfo the North fide of Hifpaniola, and moft parts of Jamaica. ek
poten

‘This great Ifland is eafie to be conquer’d, and would make the beft Plantation,
befides the prejudice it would be to the Spaniard, and the great advahtage to our
Nation, for inftance, Had we the Port and City of Havana, which might in all
probability be reduc’d with two Regiments of good Soldiers from Jamaica, carry~
*

ing with them two or three Sloops or Shallops for Landing Men, fitted with good
Armsand other Neceffaries for an Affaule, prefently after-cheir Armado hath pafs'd
out of the Indies, which is once in two years, towards the latter part of the Summer,
-
. . od
--*

~=
a
r ..a
ae.
=
zs~

There is good Landing on the Weft fide of the City, where it lies open; and you
a
_
=

need fearno Ambufcado’s : but not on the Eaft fide on the Harbor, for there you
eee will be gawl’d by the ftrong Caftle of the Moare , until the City be fecur’d ; bue
when that is once taken, you may eafily reduce that Caftle alfo, there being ho
danger of their re-taking it, until the next Armado arrives there, which will be al-
.S - a
|
<i
—
As
ee
tl

—
—_—
moft two years, againft which time you will have Planters enough from other of
our Iflands; to Manure the Land, and affift the Soldiers in defence thereof: This.
once effegted, would utterly ruine che Spaniards, for thefe Reafons: Our Ships lying

|
a
—————_i
eel.
both here and at Jamaica, would be at all times ready to gather up their fragling
* —
=
.
:
; Fleet, which it is difficult'to keep imbodied without the help of that'Port of Hae
*
EEE
ae
=p
_ome
.a
o - “+
=~<a
'
-‘ —
er
vana, it being impoffible for their great unruly Ships to‘turn up: to Windward from
‘
the Bay of Mexico, or Puerto Bello, without feparation ; and on the other fide, to
pafs the Gulf of Florida, is for them as impoffible, where they always Rendezvouz,
7 -

fr 4

Victual, Water, and provide all things neceflary for their Return into Spat ; after
s
arr
”oe
J:=
=
es

all which they diligently wait for a convenient Seafon of Winds and Weather (be-
ing much obferv’d from the Changes of the Moon) when to pafs that dangerous
:
Straight : for to fay truly, the Spaniards are neither very fit for Sea nor Land-Service,
excepting fome Officers and Soldiers bred in Flanders for Land-Service, and a few
a
:
4 .?

sa
wh
- : h
Bifcainers for Sea-Affaits. They are fo fenfible of their Weaknefs, and jealous of
their Riches in thofe Parts, that it is very difficult for any ingenious Man toget his
Liberty, being once taken, fearing he might give fuch Intelligence, as to be thereby
i

the caufe of their ruine, witnefs their blind-folding of all Strangers, when they pafs
¢
Enea
2=aA
-.
i"

their Cities and Caftles, for'they much dread an old Prophecy amongft them, wiz,
:

)
4
|
ae
a
>
=. 4->=
cs
-
7“ate That within a fhort time the Englith will as freely walk the Streets of Havana, as the Spas
niatds now do, which indeed had been eafily perform’d witha third part of the
—_—
2-2Mee
—|
- -*
|» =
?_: —
:
-i
———_=
a. <

Englifh Army ent to Jamaica, and afar geater advantage to the Nation : for I efteem
: :
: ‘
A N
ri) :
\ ry

that Port and Harbor of Havana in the We/?-Indies, equivalent (againft that Nation)
:
: ‘
-

to Tangier in the Straights of-Gibraltar ; and if we were at once Mafters of both, it -

: - os
: ; " ’

| e
bd :

re.
would without doubt fo ftraiten the Spaniards, as abfolutely to admit_us a freé
Trade into theit Ports of America, where they impart our Commodities, and fell
them for ten times more than they firft coft in Spain, by reafon of the great plenty
of Silver : which Trade would not onely beof infinite advantage to us, but alfo
prevent them of their future enflaving of our Nation in Chains as now they do;
| for
 iii

'
St James
_ St Maries
“

\ Hobbios hale
ee
we
mene
eee
oe

~
~
: 4 _—
o.
“~ ~~ =
bad}
ret
~~. a
~
7

7 Se eee ee
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 AMERICA. 337
Chap. XVI.
, all things con-
for being employ’d about their Fortifications, they are worfe us’doe el |
ks). |, We
fider’d, than if they were taken by the Tur
iards might be fleee’d of
[ have feen other parts.of the We/t-Indies, where the Span
Silver Bars lic pyl’d up
confiderable quantities of Riches, as at Panama, where their
for five or fix Moneths
in Heaps in the open Streets Day and Night without Guard
d in Puerto Bello;
together, waiting the arrival of the Armado, which when arriv‘
a Treafure, as would
they Tran{port it thither with fo flendera Guard, for fo great
ordinary value for
be an eafie Prey to a thoufand refolv'd Men (although of extra
ning, they being fo
{o {mall a Charge ; ) but here is no refting, nor long. remai
Wealth, and
numerous (as in all other:places of the main Land) though of great
purpole, |
eafily gotten with a Catch and away : But to my
Fifhing ;
. This Ifland of Cuba hath adjacent to it great Conveniences of Salt and
wild and
and in it are very great plenty of Horfes, Neat, Sheep, and Hogs, both
of ‘America: It hath alfo
tame, ofa far larger and better breed than any other parts '
is the onely Place that fups
many very rich Mines of Copper already open, and
they have
plies all the We/t-Indies with Metal forthe infinite number of Ordnance
South Seas; but whether. it
+ all their Ports and Caftles, both in the North and
any fuch, they
hath any Mines of Silver or Gold, I know not ; but if there were
ery, fearing the Invafion of that
would not adventure their opening and. difcov
import to their whole
Iland, whereunto is fo eafte acce(s by Sea, and of fo greatwork any Mines in Flo-
to
Intereft in America: for which reafon alfo they refufe
but do ra.
rida, that are nigh the North Sea, (although they have there very many)
rey, although with
ther employ themfelves about others farther up in the Count
Mexico. And
greater Labor and Coft, for conveyance of the Product by Land to
Ports and Harbors of
— Jaftly, (for ies full, , ae Ifland hath many very good
keep
great advantage to Ships, for fafe-paffing the Gulf; and fhould the Spaniards
and that of
end of Cuba
three os four Frigats always plying between the Weftern
that came from Jamaica
Havana, off and on, it were impoffible for any Ships of ours
Cafe to all America. Neither
to efcape them; the Scales turn’d would be their
s, and very
wants it great Sugar-works, which have Water-mills and Horfe-mill uceth
in fhort, it prod
many large Cocoa Walks, the moft and beft Tobacco: and
have knowledge of.
all other Commodities, that any of our American Iflands

Jamaica.
Sitvitiot
Southern Continent of America, Extect and
] WHe Ifland of Jamaica lieth North from the Cuba about fm
of

sn the Sea call’d Mare del Nort; and South from the Ifle of
cwelve Leagues; and Weft from Hifpaniola twenty, in eighteen Degrees
, a hundred and
of Northern Latitude; and beareth from Rio de Hacha North«Weft
thirty five ;
fifty Leagues, from Santa Martha North North-Weft, a hundred and
, four-
from Rio Grande North-Weft, a hundred and thirty ; from Carthagena North
and ninety ; from the
teen; from Porto Bello North-Eaft and by North, a hundred
Bay of Darien, North and by Eaft, a hundred and feventy ; from the Bay of Mexico,
tej
a hundred and fifty. It is of Form fomething nearly refembling oval, being in
ty Miles ; a
length from Eaftto Weft,about fifty four Leagues, or a hundred and feven
Kk 3° | from |
ae
 338 \ “MERI Chap? XVL
from Northto South?in the broadeft and middlemoft part, about three and twenty .
Leagues, or feventy Miles over, and fo groweth narrower and narrower towards
duck Extream ; in circumference about one hundred and fifty Leagues, or four
hundred and fifty Englifh Miles.
Se caany, This Ifland is well water’d with Springs and Rivers, and isall over, efpecially |
in the Weftern parts, fullof high Hills and Mountains: It is alfo well Wooded .
for the North and South parts chiefly abound with talland large Woods: Nor dh
there wanting every where Savanas, or Paftures, which are thought to have been »
Fields of Indian Maiz, till the Spaniards arriving here, brought in Horfes, Cows,
Hogs, and Afinego’s to feed.
Zemperature The Air inthis Place is more . temperate, andthe Heat more tolerable, chasisin
any of the reft of the Barloventi,by reafon of the cool Breezes which conftanily blow
from the Eaft, and the frequency of Showers of Raitiy and refrefhing Dews which —
fall in the Night.
This is alfo the onely Mfland. of the Barloventi;Which isj nott fabjet to violent
Storms and Hurricanes ;and the Difeafes which are predominant here, are onely
bred by Intemperance, 4s Surfets, Feavers, and Agnes, or occafion’d byill Diet or
Slothfulnefs.
Commodicies "The Commodities of this Ifland are very many ; and firft for Vegetables, the
Sugars are fo good, that they now outefell thofe of Barbado’s 5 s. per Cent.
Cocoa, of which there are many large"Walks; and greater plenty by improve-
ment may eafily be produc’d.
'- Tobacco, fo good, that the Merchants give Six pence a Pound forit, aindboysit
fafter than the Planters can make it.
Indigo is producible in great abundance, if there wefe, Hands fufficient em- |
ploy’d about it.
The Cotton of this Place isaccounted very firm and fubftantial, and preferr’d
~ before“Shy that grows in the neighboring Iflands.
OF ‘Tortoife-fhell there is alfo good ftore, by reafon that much of that fort of
Tortoife is taken on this Coaft.
Here are alfo great variety of Dye--woods, as Brafiletto, Fuftwick, Red-wood, a
kind of Log-wood, and feveral others, befides divers of thofe that are accounted
the moft curious and rich forts of Woods, as Cedar, Mobogeney, Lignum-vite, Ebony,
Granadilla, and others, which are Béghintly Expoited.
Moreover, there are very probable teftimonies, that there are Mines of Copper
here, fince Bok there have. been thofe who afi to have feen the“Oar wrought
out of ane of them, and the Spaniards report the Bells that hang in the great Church,
=-—_
_*
lied
=—
—
->
+-
-
to have been Caft out of this Ifland Copper. As for Silver, the Englifh are faid to
have been fhew’d a SilversMine behind the Mountains, Wet of Cagtay.
= —

=:9:

Pp.
~=?+
Ambergreece the Spaniards report to have been often found on this Coaft.
bs
—_
- +~>
—_.
—_
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-.«=- — Salt might be made here in great abundance, there being three good Salt-pans;
4™ ee
A2
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= ~~
al
~~
‘7«iA=aa
><"---e
m and Salt-petre hath been found in many Parts. |
Ginger is reported to grow better here than in moft of the Caribbee Iflands ;and
are
-~7——
‘Z=
a—%=-——
»_ Cod-pepper very plentifully ;and alfo a certain kind of Spice call’d Piemete, being
oe
“a!tal
t-2
~=ee
-="
p—a
-a__
es
ee
ira
ee
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in the form of Ka/t-India Pepper, of avery aromatical and curious tafte, partaking
=_
=a
avo
*"
oge-
~~.
2—
-*cz
x ~=.—
z.=
——
=+ge
>
a- a
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Saag
=
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va
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ra"
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.ane
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a a;-ae
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Pn.
ee-y-«-~~
as it were of divers {pecies together: it grows wild in the Mountains, and is we
highly valu’d amongft the Spaniards.
dont
=% ~—
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Of Drugs and medicinal Plants there is here a very great shrridanicey as Guat
xa#~_—
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-»~
peas
pe
es
-%’es
- ——
-_=:rio
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oe cum, (hina-Root, Cafsia-Fiftula, Veuillard, Achiotes, Tamarinds, Contrayerva, Ciperas, Adi-

antum Nigrum, Aloes, (ucumis Agreftis, Sumach, Acacia, Miffelto, with feveral others,
‘both Drugs, Balfoms and Gums. Cochinele

wus

oe
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a

ceeeenteet
aTE

4S
:ee
—
-
—"
—
—_
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--
Chap. XVI. AMERICA,
Cochinele is produc’d by a Plant that grows in this Countrey, but it is not made
339
without much care and curiofity, and the Englifh are not yet well experienced in
the Husbanding thereof, befides that the Growth of the Plant is much obftructed
by Eafterly Winds. (Wa.
There is here greater ftore of Cattel than in any of the reft of the Englifh Plan- pts,
tations in America, as Horles, which by reafon of the great number of them, are
bought very cheap.
Cow’s, of a large fize, and of which vaft numbers are yearlykill’d.
Afinego’s and Mules, both wild and tame, being a very {erviceable fort of Cattel
in thofe Countreys. ALY:
Sheep, large and tall; and whofe Fleth is counted exceeding good, but
the Fleece
worth little. : i ~ «6 74 WE
Goats in great abundance, x: a fort of Cattel very peculiar to that Countrey:
But ofall other Cattel, HogSare here in the greateft plenty, both wild in the
Mountains, and tame inthe Plantations; and they are morte in requeft for Food
than any of the reft, their Flefh being counted both of a better tellith, and more eas
fily digeftible than the Hogsefleth of our Parts,
The Fifh that is very plentifully caught in thefe Coafts is of infinite variety, and Fit.
quite of another kind from what we have in'this part of the World, the principal
whereof is the Tortoife, which is taken in great abundance both on thefe Coafts,
and in the Iflands (amavas. | ‘}
The tame Fowl in this Place, are chiefly Hens, Turkies, and Ducks ; but of Birds
wild Fowl infinite ftore,.as of Guinee Hens, Flamingo’s, Teal, Ducks, Wigeon, Geele,
Pigeons, Snipes, Plovers, Parrots, Turtles, Parachites, Machaw’s, with divers
others. | ° |
Choice and excellent forts of Fruits aré here in great abundance, as Cocao-Nuts, Fruit-Trees
Mannes, Maumees, Supatas, Suppotillias, Avocatas,. Lafbuds, PricklesApples, Pattekleé Pinta
Pears, Sower-Sops, Cujind-Apples, and many others,
For Timber-T'rees, Platanes and Pines. |
And for Garden-Herbs, Radith; Lettice, Parfley, Cucumbegsy Melons, ec.
The antient Inhabitants us'd two forts of Bread, the one made of ftamp’d
Roots, and the other of Corn, which is Reap’d thrice every year, and stows with
fuch fuccefs, that one Pint fow’n yieldstwo hundred. |
They had a ftrange way to make their Cazari Cakes of the Root Fuca, which
keep good a year: They firft prefs’d out the Juice with great Weights, which if
drunk raw, occafions fudden Death , but boyl’d, is pallatable
and good.
Potato’s are here in great abundance, and gtow like Artichokes in a moift Soil,
and fhoot forth Leaves of a dark-green Colour, likeSpinage ; they {pread upon
the Earth by Stalks, and beara FlowerlikeaBell, at the end of which stows the
Seed : the Rootsare generally White, but fometimes Red, Matble-colour’d, Yel-
low, and Violet ; they are not onely pleafing to the Pallat, but accounted very
wholfom when ftew’d in a clofe cover’d Pot, with a little Water,
But much daintier are the Ananas, which grow on a Stalk of a Foot long, furs
rounded with fixteen large fharp Leaves, between which grows a Fruit likea Pines
Apple, but much bigger, with an uneven Rind, of a pale Green, and inclining toa
Carnation on a yellow Ground ; on the top fhoots out a red Bunch of Leaves and
Flowers ; the innermoft Pulp melts on the Tongue, and is of fo delicious a tafte,
that ic exceeds all other Dainties ; the Seed produces Fruit once. |
Of this Fruit there are feveral forts, the chief whereof is accounted a fjpecial Re-
medy againft a bad Stomach, Gravel, Poyfon, and Melancholy.
The
 ~
7 al

AMER_IC A. Chap. XVI.

340
‘The Drink made of Ananas is no way inferiortoMalvafia Wine.
A fort of
{enfitive Here you may obferve a remarkable Secret of Nature in acertain evergreen
Plant,
Plant, which grows either on the Bodies of old Trees, on the Rocks, or in the
Woods ; the Stalk whereof furrounded with Leaves, full of dark red Spots, bears a
{weer-fmelling Violet-colour’d Flower, the Leaves whereof as foon as touch’d,
clofe up together and die, and according as they are held in the Hand a fhorter or
longer time, this ftrange alteration continues. v3 7-5
Ging:r. Since the Spaniards planted Ginger on Jamaica, it hath grown there in great.abun-
dance ; the Male Plant (for it is divided into Maleand Female) hath, génerally
bigger Leaves than the Female ; the Stalks, which are without Knots, have more
Leaves upwards than downwards, and {preads along the Earth, fill take Rooe
beet.
~«
-
anew ; when the Leaves wither, then the Ginger is commonly ripe, but! itshath
not that poinancy whileft green as when dry’d. ©) oy) Sp dy tes
Cotton The’ Cotton of this Mand (of which the Clothes and Hammocks that aremade, ©
are vended in moft parts of the Weftern World) grows on a Tree of equal heighth
lh
ia
+e- =»

with a Peach-Tree,with a ftraight Stem or Body, out of which fhoor Boughsofan

equal length, and at equal diftance , between the Leaves, which are natrow and
long, grow red Flowers, and from them, oval Cods, which when ripe,“ inclofe the
n,like Pepper.
and a Seed
Cotto AiegtSO SULTON F id i3itonE tot ieyp
Defcription
of the Alij-
Of hurtful Creatures here, befides the Manchonele, and a fort of Snakes call’d
ad
wi
~=e
7>="=
—= - -
-::
—=as
2fe‘_-—
}—
=.
--
gater, Guaana’s, wherein ’tis thought there is little or nothing ofa poyfonous quality; -
7ss
=_.:»=-
—_
SS
=<
-a
:-—=
es.
4
=;
the moft obfervable is the Alligator, with which many Rivers and Ponds abound ;
it isa very voracious Creature, but is feldom known to prey upon a Man, it moves
{wiftly and ftrongly forward, but turns flow; the biggeft of them areabouttwenty
antl
—<_
——
.”~*
.’a<-"

~a
ss.—=
——
=
=rot
ao
—“—

Foot long, their Backs fcaly and impemetrable, fo that they are hardly kill’d but in
a
—a:
——*-
—
‘
a,"
> =i__
-s«*
_
-s
a
ae
‘=~.a
~

the Belly or Eye; they have four Feet or Fins, with which they go or fwim indifs
ee r ==
a:.b.
|S
——
*=3ad
~——
-—
- —~>
os
——
Pe
>
el
P=+
= ’-~~
—_
-
“a
=—_
eS
er
~*a
.

ferently ; are obferv’d to make nokind of noife ; their ufual courfe for getting
A
b

~llt
atin

\.
their Prey, is to lie on their Backs as'dead, then with a fudden onlet to furprize
_—
z
—_—
7

what-ever Fowl or Beaft comes fearlefly near them ; the beft caution othet Crea-
tures have of them is from the ftrong f{mell that flows from theit Bodies : to re-
-
:

quite the harm done by them, they have fomething of vertue, for the Fat or Oyl of
f, :

ly
4

their Bodies hath been experienc’d to be an admirable Ointment for all kinds of
7
|
Pains and Aches; they Lay Eggs no bigger thana Turkies by the Water fide, ftill
tie covering them with Sand, which heated by the Sun-beams, hatcheth the young
, au
Bice ones, who naturally creep into the Water. 7
;| Die, Mufchilli and
Marrywings,
In fome parts of the Countrey there are alfoa fort of ftinging Flies, call’d Mu/s
i
chilli and Merrywings, but the Englifh Quarters are little infefted by them.
Hugh Linfchot writes, That the antient Natives of this Place were a fubtile and
fharp-witted People, skilful in Handicrafts, and expert in warlike Affairs, above
all the Americans befides.
Ficht Difco. - The Ifland was difcover’d by the Spaniards under the Condu& of Columbus, who
very of the
Tfland. firft built there the Town of Melilla, which difliking, heremov'd again to Oriftana,,
and finding that an incommodious and unhealthy Situation, he-remov'd again to
another Plantation, where he built a very fair Town, firft call’d Sevilla, afterwards
St: Jago de'la Vega; confifting of about feventeen hundred Houfes, two Churches,two
Chappels, and an Abbey, being the chief, if not the onely Seat of the Spaniards be-
fore the arrival of the Englifh, for their Eftanchas, ot {mall Plantations, »were com-
mitted wholly to the cuftody of their Slaves. | 3
Diego, the Son of Chriftopher Colonts, (or, as he is vulgarly call’d, Columbus) was
the firft that was conftituted Governor of this Ifland, and fent Juan de: Squibello
em : ‘Commans
 341

‘ ’, ——. oa (Z
ia Ww? oe aoe
mei 4 —

Commander, who upon their firft arrival here committed fiuch horrid Cruelties
and Maflacres, that (as the fore-mention’d Bartholomeo de las Cafas writes) five thou-
fand Inhabitants were in a fhort time reduc’d to lefs than three hundred, multitudes
being put to death in a moft inhumane and barbarous manner, fome-roatted alive,
others torn in pieces by the Spanifh Dogs, befides many other:ftudied ways of But-
chery, too dreadful to be read with patience; nor were they free from Civil War
amongft themfelves, which firft began in this Ifland.
The firftand onely Attempters upon this Ifland fince the Spaniards made thems gear
felves Mafters thereof, have been the Englifh, who in the Year 1592. under the Cons upon, this
duct of Sir Anthony Shirley Landed upon it, & got clear pofleffion thereof,none of the
Spanigrds that. were then upon the Placedaring to make the leaft refiftance ; butnot
thinking it worth the keeping, they foon deferted ir, and made Sail back again for
England : after which they remain’d unmolefted for a long time, till in the Yeat
1654. a Fleet of Englifh was fet out for Hiifpaniola by Cromwell, under the Command
of Colonel Venables, witha Defign for the taking of St. Domingo; but meeting with
| ill fuccefs in the Enterprize, and being forc’d to quit that Iland with lofs of Men,
and fruftration of their hopes, they fteer’d their Courfe for Jamaica, and on the
tenth of May in the Year abovefaid, with little oppofition poflefs’d themfelves of it.
bon their approach to St. Jago the Inhabitants thereof deferted it, and betook
them to the Mountains, gaining time by a pretence of Treaty, to fecure their Wo-
sen and Goods; and oftentimes making Incurfions upon the ftragling Parties of
the Englifh, flew and took many Prifoners by furptize: but being weary of this
gild and irregular kind of living, they betake themfelves at laft co the Ifle of Cuba,
Where many of them, the:Grandees-efpecially, were permitted’ by favour to con-
tinue, the reft being by the Vice-Roy commanded back, with promife of {peedy
und confiderable Supplies; by that timethis remnant of the Spaniards was near
tyr’d out with hardfhip and neceffity, {ome being very much difcourag’d and driven
th utter de{pondence of Mind, others deftroy’d out-right, pattof the long promis’d
aind expected Supply arrives, the greateft part being to follow foon after; but
finding
 AMERICA. ' Chap. XVI.
finding the Iflanders fo few in number, and in fo fickly and neceffitous an Eftate,
they would not joyn with them, but maugre all che Governor's Perf{fwafions or
Commands, retreat to the North part of the Ifland, and there-fortifie at.a place
call’d Chireras, expecting every day frefh Recruits; which not coming time enough,
and their Quarters being difcover’d, they were fet upon by the Bnglish, and mot
of them either flain or taken Prifoners: not many Moneths’after the reft of the
Spanish Forces Land, being in all about thirty Companies, with Ordnance /and
good ftore of Ammunition ; who falling prefently to make ftrong~ Fortificas
tions at Rio Novo, are neverthelefs in a fhort time utterly defeated by: the
English :Upon which, and feveral other ill Succefles, defpairing to resgain the
Ifland, they Ship off their Women and the richeft of their Goods; and the Negro
Slaves grown Mafterlefs,by the general either flaughter or departure of their ‘Pa-
«a:
trons, fhake off their Obedience to the Spaniards, and conftitutea Governor of their
own,.a Black, yet fubmit themfelves, and own Subjection to the English Govern.
ment, the Spaniards from Cuba, both by their Perfwafions and monethly Contri-
har ’=a
butions, in vain endeavoring to reduce them; onely fome few there were that ftood
-a
==e
>—
-
out, whom the reft not onely made ittheir bufinefs rodifcover, but help’d the Eng.
lishto take them, infomuch that at laft the Spanish General not having above fifty
rie
=~<a
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sa5
a
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—_
ea_
i,
i
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or
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Men left him, was fore’d to feek for Peace, and offer’'d Terms of Accommodation :
———
i
-.
See
*on
—
—s
- -_
B,

which the English General would not be drawn to accept of, unlefs upon Condi-
tion that he fhould deliver up to Jufticeas many as were left of thofe that had
barbaroufly murder’d any of our Men, either in time of Treaty, or after Quartet
iven. .
: The Englifh in this Mand are fetled for above a hundred Miles along the Coun.
trey from the Eaftward. : aay
Chit Tow. "Their chief Towns are 1. St. Jago, (built by the Spaniards, as aforé.mention’d)
which lieth fix Miles within the Land, North-Weft from the Harbor\of Cagway.
Here the English have built a {mall Fort. | 7
2. Paffage, afmall Town, built alfo by the Buglish fix Miles from Sr. Fz
the convenience of going to Cagway, confifting of about fifty Houfes and
whence crofs this Harbor , about three Leagues diftant is the’ Town of 3. Cagway,
feated on the Extream end of the Point,containing in it above fix hundred Haufes,
all built by the English, befides the Governor’s Palace , and the Houfés wherd the
Stores for the Army are kept. aT me
This is counted the moft healthful Place in all the land, andthe very Scal¢ of
=a Trade, where all Merchants, Strangers, and Sailors refide. =
“a
—
-+
--
Here, upon the utmoft Angle of the Point towards the Sea, is a round Tower,
built of Lime and Stone; about which is rais’d aftrong and regular Fort, contain
-=s .

ing fixty pieces of Ordnance. 7 ge

rorRyat- This Town is now call’d Port Royal, and is thought to contain about fixtecen
7D
2-

thoufand Inhabitants.
~*~
=-~"Z
-,

| |
‘ t=
—
———
——
?
.
4™ ?—"_
ibo
>-~—-
y=
Landward. A Mile from hence is another Fort, call’d Landward, which runs from the Hat-
+
->7 —
bor to the Sea, to defend the Town from any Attempt by Land.
~~»
= -+s
~ ~~“ _=
Meoo
--
see
«AST
; =-—
= a ae
Off the Mouth of the Harbor towards the Sea, lie divers {mall Iflands, the
mo\ft
Weftern of which being within half a League of the Fort, and between whic/h
and the Fort every Ship that comes into the Harbor is neceffitated to pafs: Iciis
- 7.
'tne

——a

Little Ifland, call’d Little Ifland ; where a Fort is likewife rais’d, to defend the Mouth
of the Hake
bor, containing eight pieces of Ordnance. |
:

Another Fortification is at Portmorant, which we fhall make mention of among,

the Harbors. as oa
: if he
 Chap. XVI. AMERICA. 343
The chief Harbors of this IMand, are 1. Port Anthony, on the North, avery fafe Chief Ports
Land-lock’d Harbor, onely the coming in is fomewhat difficult, theChannel being
and Harbors.

narrow'd by a little Hland that lies off the Mouth of the Port.
~ 2. Onthe Eaft of the Ifland is Portmorant, a very capacious Harbor, where Ships
do conveniently Wood and Water, and Ride {afe from all Winds.
3- On the South is Port Cagway, a Harbor wonderfully convenient, fecure and
capacious, being five Leagues over in fome places, in others four, and atthe nate
rowelt, three; itis Land-lock’d by a Point of Land that runs twelve Miles Southe
Welt from the Main ofthe Ifland, having the great River that comes by Los Angelos,
and St. Jago running into it, and divers Springs about it, where Ships do conveni+
ently Woodand Water. Here is every where good Anchorage, the Road being fo
deep, that a Ship of athoufand Tun may lay his fides to the Shore ofthe Point, and
load and unload with Planks afloat. |
4. On the Weft is Point Megrill, a Port very convenient and’ fecure ; to Wind-
ward from which, a little North-Weft, is the Seat of the old Town of Melilla,
founded by Columbus, as afore mention’d. det
The chief Plantations of this Ifland, are 1. Portmorant, above the Harbor be-
fore mention’d, and by the two Rivers that run into it. Here are good Plantatie
ons of Sugars, Cottons, Tobacco’s, ec.
2. Hence about ten Miles lieth Morant, where a thoufand Acres of Land have
been taken up for my Lord Willoughby, and a Company of Merchants,
3. Hence farther Leeward lieth Yalow, having good Plantations of Cotton, To-
bacco, and other Provifions, excellent Savana’s, and fomeftore of tame Cattel.
4. Thirty Miles hence, onthe North fide of Cagway is Ligonce, where are excel-
lent Plantations of Sugar, Cotton, and Tobacco, very pleafant Savana’s, and fome
ftore of wild Cartel.
5. Twenty Miles farther Weft, nines Miles from the Harbor of (aeway, is Los
Angelos, having fome Plantations of Sugar, Cacao, and Tobacco, all which were old
Spanish Plantations, and are lefs confiderable than thofe made by the English in
other places.
6. Eight Miles from hence, North-Weft, is Guanaboa, where likewife were ome
Spanish Plantations, fince improv'd by the English, who have very many excellent
Plantations of Sugar, Cacao, &c. ; 7
7. Hence Weft South- Weft lieth Guatabacoa, a moft pleafant rich and fertile pare
of the Countrey, abounding with Cattel, and excellent Savana’s. Here the Negro’s
fetled that revolted from the Spaniards, who are endeavouring to make fome Plane
tations of Tobacco’s and Provifions, and with them are ferled fome few English,
who have divers Walks of Cacao.
The feveral Governors of this Ifland fince the taking of it by the Englifh, are as The fevera]™
Governors of
followeth : General Robert Venables ftaid upon the Place about three Moneths af- the Englifh in
Jamaica,
ter the taking of it, and at his coming away for Bugland he left the chief Command
to Major General Richard Forte/cuwho
e, liv’d Governor about three Moneths ; af-
ter which Lieutenant General Edward Doyly was by the Army elected Prefident , but
upon his coming away foon after for England; Lieutenant General William Brain was
fent over Governor in his room ; who living in the Government about three quare
ters of a year, did asit were bequeathe it again to Doyly, for he was chofen by ver-
tue of aBlank Commiffion, wherein Brain had inferted his Name whom he would
have fucceed, and remain’d Commander in Chief both by Land and Sea till His
Majefty’s Reftauration, and then by His Majefty’s Letters Patents was confirm’d in
the Government, and fo was the firft that was Governor there for His Majefty :
The

a
; : .7
 344 AMERICA. Chap. XVII.
The next that fucceeded was the Lord Windfor, upon whofe coming away Sir Tho.
mas Muddiford was {ent Governor, and after him Sir Thomas Linch, who remains
Governor at prefent. —

SELL EAE EEE es CEE EEE E TEE EE Ee YET E TESS

CHAP. XVIL
The IMands call’d the Lucaies.

ic Aving done with the four Iflands of Barlovento, as they are term’d, viz. Hit-
cftheLwcaies Ph (paniola, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Jamaica, we come next tothe Lucaies, fo call’d,
as fome think, from Lucaioneque, one of the biggeft ofthem ; they lie over
againft Florida, Weftward from the Bermudas, South- Weft and North of Hispaniola,
and the reft of the Barloventi ; and becaufe they are but {mall ones, and lie fo near
the Continent, Geographers fometimes defcribé them asa part, or appertaining to
the Continent. The chiefeft of thefe Iflands are Lucatoneque afore-mention’d,Babama,
and Guanahani , Lucaioneque is accounted the biggeft of them all, and lieth in twenty
feven Degrees between Bahama and Guanabani. Babama lies neareft to the Coaft of
Florida, and gives Name to the Straights fo call’d, which rua between the Cape of
Florida and it, with fuch a violent Courfe and Torrent, that although it be above
fixteen Miles broad, yet many times neither Wind nor Oars, can prevail againft it ;
that though the Winds be profperous, Ships cannot enter it; and if it be crofs, they
go with the Current ; yet thofe Straights the Spanifh Fleet muft pafs in their Return
from the Havana towards Spain. Guanahani was the firft piece of American Ground
difcover’d by Chriftopher Columbus, and therefore by him call’d San Salvador, ot St. Sa-
yiour, becaufe that thereby he was deliver’d from the mutinous rage of the Sea-
men, who threatned co throw him over-board, ifthey difcover’d not Land in fuch
atime. There are befides a number of {mall Ifles fcatter’d up and down, which are
generally comprehended inthe number of the Lucaies ; one is Little Ifland, encom-
pafs'd with a company of Shelves call’d the Bimini, fo that it is hardly acceffible :
there goes a Tradition, that it hath been inhabited by very beautiful Women, the
fame of whom drew many to attempt to Land there and takeup their Habitation;
in which Attempt many were caft away : There is faid to be a Fountain in the
midft of it, of fuch a Vertue, that whofoever drank of the Waters of it, had their
Youth renew’d. Alfo three Iflands, or rather Rocks, call’d Los Martyres, lying to
the South-Eaft of Cape Florida, and cover’d for the moft part with a whitifh Sand
anda few Bufhes growing on them : they feem at a diftanceto-bear a refemblance
of Men, impal’d, or bound to Stakes, as the Martyrs in the primitive Times ufue
ally were, which occafion’d the Spaniards fo to Namethem, “tis very dangerous to
come toonear them, but to have fight of them is of great ufe to Men at Sea ; for by
pafling thefe Rocks, and leaving them on the South-Eaft, they certainly know, that
they are now entred the Straights of Bahama, that is, that they have left the Ocean,
and_are fall’n in amongft thofe many IMlands, which,do, as it were, Bartacado and
Block up the Egftern Coafts of America, towards Nombre de Dios and Terra Firma, as
by reafon of con-
they call it, through which the Continent is fometimes dangerous,
trary Winds; and always fuch, that it requires the skill and care of an experiencd
Pilot to conduét the Ships well thither. The reft are Abacoa, twelve Leagues long ;
Yuma, twenty Leagues in length, andeight in breadth, between twenty four and
twenty
Chap. XVIII. AMER 2. 34.5
twenty five Degrees Yumeata, fifteen Leagues inilength, between twenty three and
cwenty four Degrees ; Jamana,feven Leagues every way ; Yabague, cen Leagues like-
wife, and lying becween twenty two and twenty thice Degrees ; Magaguana, twenty
Leagues long, and ten broad ; Quagua, ten Lédgues every way, and lying between
in the
twenty and one and twenty Degrees ; (aycos,: five Leagues, in length, and
with
one and twentieth Degree ; Mackre, in the twentieth Degree, encompafs’d
Shelves; Abreo, environ’d alfo with Shelves, and fifteen Leagues long 5. alfo Guas
tao, Cigateo, Guanima, Jabaka, Triangulo, and feveral others.
On thefe Iflands are ‘no Inhabitants; thole that did live there were a harmlefs [eiacn"
fimple People, and therefore the eafier taken and carried-away by the Spaniardsthat bY ieSP
have made them fo defolate: Many of them feem of a good Mold, and the Latie
tude promifeth much fertility. The Air is certainly good and wholfom, and not
fo extream hot as other Parts of thatheighth. There is fearce any Beaft on them,
fave a Coney that hath a Tail like a Rat, but Pigeons and other Birds in great
|
numbers.
There is the Gum Benjoin, of the beft and work fort; Guaiacum, Safaparilla, and
Saffafras ; and on fome of them Red-wood and Ambergreece, :
Our Englifh Sea-men are little acquainted with chefe, Iflands, though they Sail
round them yearly. | |
In thetime of the Rebellion one Captain Sail and others, obtain’d a Patent, mae Faglife Lan«
ing upon
ia ; his Ship was *™.
king thither on the Coaft ofan Ifland, which was call’d MWuther
wrackt, but the People recover’d the Shore with a few Neceffaries.
_ The Coafts of mioft of them aredangerous,and bad to make, and that Ship that
fhall bé near or amongft them, muft keep the Lead always going; but with a wary
Pilot, and care in giving the Iflandsa fair Birth, they are eafily recover'd.
The Spaniards know this Place well, and have a yearly Trade thither for the
aforefaid Commodities,and amongft the Iflands are Wracks of divers of their Ships,

“PRREPERESRAEREERES RELREERRERESEREEEEE ESS SeLes

CHAP. XVIII.

The Caribby Iflands,

seiition and
: ainCaribbee Iflands, as they are generally call’d, are a Row or Ridge, as it
were, of leffer Iflands, which extend themfelves almoft in fafhion ofa F275,
Bowe, from the Coaft of Paria as far as St. John de Porto Rico ; they are ty
otherwife call’d The-Caraibes, fometimes The Camercanes, and by fome The Iflands of
Cannibals, or Man-eaters, (though this Appellation cannot in reality be more appro-
or Parts of the Contis
ptiated to thefe Iflands, than to many other, either Iflands,
nent of America; ). laftly, whereas all the Iands between Florida and New Spain,and
Southern America, ave by fome comprehended all under the Name of The Antilles ;
yet the Caribbees and the Antilles are moft generally, and, we conceive, moft pro-
perly accounted the fame; and they are fo call’d, either as lying like a Bar before
the greater Iflands, or Quaft Ant-I/les, i. €. Oppofites Ifles ; they lie all under the Torrid
Zone, between the eleventh and nineteenth Degrees of Northern Latitude, and are
twenty eight in number: butbefore we cometo treat of each of them in particu.
lar, we fhall cake notice of the moft obfervable of thofe things wh ich are common
to them all in general,
LI The
 — + i a

34.6 | AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

Fenp:rature "The Air of all thefe Iflands is ofa good temperature and healthy, and the Heat
not fo exceffive in them at any time of the year, as might be conjectur’d from-their
Situation under the Torrid Zone, by reafon of a gentle Eaft Wind, which rifing in the
Morning, continues moft commonly till towards the Evening, allaying the fcorch-
ing heat of the Sun, and refrefhing the Air; but the Nights are. commonly very
cold; and it is obfervable, that by how much the hotter any Day hath been, fo
much the colder the Night following happens to be, whereof this reafon is given,
That the Vapors rais‘d in the Day-time by the Sun, and falling down condens’d at
Night, do very much cool the Air; butit is never fo cold as to Freeze.’ -
For half a year together Day and Night are equal in thefe Parts, and the reft of
the Year the Day fourteen hours long, and the Night ten.
From April to December there commonly fall here great Rains, andall that Seafon
is accounted Winter, and the Drought and Heat of the other Moneths is taken for
a.
‘ae
,= Summer ; but the Woods of thefe Parts looking ever green, make as it were con-
=
i
a—a a =~
=i —

tinual Summer. vee

ine'soi Whe Soil is generally’as fertile as in moft places of Europe, and each Ifland’ fur-
——
nifh’d with fair Rivers, Brooks, Lakes, Springs, Wells, and other Sources of frefh
ge
lg
ae
Pe ° ee.
~_—
__*
Water, befides in many places Mineral Waters, which are us’d with good fuccefs
in the cure of feveral Difeafes ; alfo out of fome Mountains ftore of Brimftone
Tt.
a=a
—-_

-—*-. - ~- - - ee
_ .oe
—
; ee
asee
_—=.-
1+?
7x
pa
eX
’Seez
oe
_ame
LnTo
48

is digg’d,and it is conjectur’d that there are not wanting Mines of Gold and Silver,
if they were well look’d after , and there hath been often found Cryftal upon the
-a
©

—|
rn+—
ae
Sands by Rivers fides. | !
mata 2 he Vine, though wild, and naturally growing in the Woods, yet yields a very
nes’ Care large fair Grape ; and thofe which are cultivated in their Gardens ot Vineyards,
bear excellent Grapes twice 4 year, but very little Wine is made of them, in regard
they find it will keep but very few days.
toga, © Wheat in the (aribbees grows up no farther than the Blade, and the reafon is
mes, judg’d to be, becaufe through the rankne(fs of the Soil,and for want of Winter, this
Grain {prings up faft, and hath not fubftance enough left inthe Root to fupply it
up to maturity ; but no doubt but Barley, Rye, and thofe other Grains, to the ripes
ning of which more Heat is requir’d; would thrive there very well.
Befides Lemmon-Trees, Orange-Trees, Citrons, and Pomegranates, and other
Fruit-T'rees growing in Europe, there are very many forts of Trees, Herbs, Pulte,
and other Plants, of a different kind from thofe amongft us, and peculiar for che
moft part to thefe Iflands. |
FruiTrees: Of Fruit-Trees; the moft obfervable are the Goyavier, fomewhat refembling the
Laurel, onely having a fofter Leaf; and of a brighter Green ; sits Eruit about the
bignefs of a Pearmain, but fullof little Kernels like a Pomegranate.
\ The Papayer, which is of two kinds, one generally growing in all the Iflands, the
other proper to SantaCrux; the firft hath a Leaf not much unlike that of the Fig-
Tree, and the other bears a Fruit about the bignefs of a Melon, which by the Por-
tuguefe is call’d Mamao, from its refemblance of a Womans Breaft : the Tree is hol-
low and {pungy within, and grows up fometimes to the heighth of twenty Foot.
The Monick, call’d by the Manders Corfot, from the Name of an Ifland from
whence the Seeds were firft brought by the Dutch, and bearing a Fruit like a {mall
Cucumber not perfeétly ripe. r
~The Funipa, or Jenipa, by the Portuguefe call’d Fenipapo ; and by the Brafilians, Fenis
paba ; having Leaves like thofe of the Walnut-Tree, Flowers like the Narciffus,
and a Fruit like a bak’d Apple, which when it falls from the Tree makes a noife
like the Report of a Gun difcharg’d, which is faid'to proceed from the burfting
ve fe, forth
Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 4. 34.7 .
forth of the Seed out of the thin Skin enclofing it, and breaking with a violence ;
the Juice of it Dyes of a Violet-colour, and the Swine and Birds that feed upon ir,
| |
are {aid to have their Flefh and Fat of the fame colour.
A fort of Vine commonly call’d The Raifin-Tree, and by the Caribbeeans, Ouliem ,
whofe Fruit being like a large Violet-colour'd Grape, hath in ftead of the feveral
(mall Grain-ftones which are inclos’d in the Husks of common Grapes, one hard
Stone, like that of a Plumb.
The Acajou, bearing for Fruit a kind of Chefnut, in form of a Hares Kidney,
which ferves for a Creft.to a very fair Apple that by degrees grows under it, of
which the Iflanders make a Drink, very much in efteem amongft them, being of an
excellent tafte. .
The Icaco, a kind-of {mail Plumb-Tree, fo much coveted, and held for a Delis
cacy by fome People that live nearthe Gulf of Hondures, that they are from thence
tly |
call’d Icacos.
The Monbain, which Fruit being a kind of yellowifh Plumb, is chiefly made ufe
of to mix in the Drinks of Oaicon and Maby, to make them tafte the better.
The Courbury is by fome reckon’d to be but a {pecies of the Monbdain, onely more
full of Leaves, and growing higher and bigger ; but che Fruit of the Courbury is fuf
ficiently different from that of the Monbain.
The Indian Fig-Tree, differing in Leaf from the common Fig-Tree, but whofe
Fruit both in figure and tafte is not much unlike the Fig growing in thefe Parts :
This Tree is commonly of fucha vaft Bulk, that the Branches of fome of them have
been feen to afford fhelter to two hundred Men.
“A kind of Service-Tree, differing from ours, by its exceeding heighth, fair
pal |
Leaves, and pleafant Fruit.
The Prickly or Thorny Palm, fo call’d from its, being atm’d all over with
Prickles, both Trunk and Leaves ; by incifion into its Branches a fort of Wine is
made; and it is conjeétur’d to be the fame Tree which the Brafilians call Ayry.
The Franc-Palm, an exceeding high and ftreight Tree, bearing on the top of
its Trunk a whitifh marrowy fubftance, by the French call’d Chonde Palmijte, or
Palm-Cabbage ; for being boyl’d with the thin Leaves that incircle ir, and well leas
fon’d, itis reckon’d amongft the Delicacies of the Carsbbees.
Latanier, another kind of Palm; and Cocoa, which is alfo reckon’d amongft the {e-
veral forts of Palms, this laft is a Fruit-Tree famous all over America, and hath
been at large defcrib’d elfewhere. tigian
There are alfo many other Trees fit for Dying, Joyners Work, and Building,
(befides the Acajou before mention’d, of the fingle Trunks whereof are made thofe
long Shallops call’dPyrages, which are able to carry fifty Men) as
The Acomas, of the fame bulk and heighth with the Acajon, and equally efteem’d
by Joyners and Carpenters, and of the Fruit whereof the Woodquilts grow fat at a
certain time of the year.
The Rofeewood, to be rank’damong@t the thiefeft of thofe Trees that are made
ufe of by Work-men. |
Indian Wood, avery precious and ufeful Tree for feveral forts of Materials,
and of a very fine {cent. | |
The Itan-Wood, fo call’d from its hardnefs, weight and folidity, above all that
meriste been fpoken of, and beyond either Cyprefs or Cedar for incorrupti-
ility. yc
BrafileeWood,focall’d as growing moft plentifully in Brafile, |
Yellow-Wood, denominated from its Colour, and much efteem’d for its ufefulnefs
Ll 2z in”
 -—-

343 AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

in Dying green Ebony, eafily taking the luftre of the true Ebony, and
being very
ufeful for the making of Cabinets and other curious Pieces of Work ; It alfo
Dyes
of avery fair Grafs-green, ; | > bit
The Roncon, by the Brafilians call’d Urnex, in the Husks, fucceeding the Flowe
rs
whereof, which grow in little Buthes at the end of the Branches, is enclos
’d a mot
tich Vermilion Dye, of a very foft and vifcous Matter. |
Here are allo many other Trees, either ufeful-in Medieine, or other ways
ad.
vantageous, as the Cafia-Tree, of the bignefsand figure of a Peach-Tree
; the long
Pipes or Cods whereof, containing the Medicinal Fruit, are well
known amongft
us by the Name of Cafsia-Fiftula, and to be had at every Apothecaries.
Medicinal Nuts,each Nut containing three or four Stones in fo
many Cells,every
one of which is inclos’d within a thin white Pellicle, pleafant enoug
h to the tafte,
and out of which is extracted an Oyl, us’d by the Portugue/e in feveral both
Culina.
rie and Phyfical occafions. i
The Cinamon-Tree,fonoted for its aromatick Bark ; alfo Sandal-Woo
d, Guaia-
cum, and Saffafras.
Cotton-Tree and Soap-Tree, whofe Ufes the very Names imply,
and which
Trees have beentouch’d upon elfewhere. |
The arch’d Indian Fig-Trée, the Bodies of which Trees have
been antiently the
{culking Holes and Retreats of the Inhabitants from cheir Enem
ies; the Bark is
ufeful for Tanners. | a
The Gourd-Tree, of the bignefs and heighth of a great Apple-Tree
,and of which
are made moft of the Honfhold Veffels and Utenfils, which are
in common ufe at
prefent among ft the Inhabitants. .
The Mahot-Tree, of the Bark of whichare made Lacesand Points.
The Manyoc, or Mandioque, of whofe Root the Caffava Bread is
made, and which
growing in feveral places of America,hath been already taken
notice of ; as likewife
the Banana»T ree, and that call’d The Apple-Tree of Paradice, other
wife Adam's FigeTree,
the Fruit being reported to be of a very delicious tafte.
ze.
Other Trees not known in Europe, are the Mapo/u, divers kinds of
Thorny Wood,
the Milky Tree, being of a venomous quality, the Mancen
ilier, and that whofe Root
beaten to Powder, and thrown into Rivers, intoxicate
s the Fifh, with feveral
others of lefs note. |
Innumerable forts of Shrubs might here in like manner be recko
n’d up, but the
chiefeft are, That remarkable Plant, anciently known by the
Name of Ricinus, and
commended for its Vertues by Galen and Diofcorides. -
Coral-Wood, fo call’d from its little Seeds, which being as redas |
any Coral, are
usd for Bracelets.
|
The Ja/min, bearing a Flower of an admirable {weet {cent.
The Candle-Wood, fo call’d from its combuftiblenefs, by reafo
n of an aromatick
Gum which is within.
{ala
The Herbs, Flowers, Roots, and Pulfe:which grow here, are fome
of them coms
monamall parts of Europe, as Cabbages, Onions, Chibols,
Melons, all: forts of
Millets, Cucumbers, Cicruls, Parfnips, ec.
i
Others, if not peculiar to this Ifland, yet growing chief
ly'there, and in fome -
few parts of America befides, as the Raquettes, fo call’d
from the refemblance its
Leaves have witha Racket, a thorny-{preading Buth, whofe Fruit bein
g of a Ver-
milion colour, makes the Urine of thofe that eat of it as red
as Blood, Some
this Plant to the Tunas, already deferib’d, which yields that rich Scarlet Dye liken
call’d
Cochi nele. Pb ) |
The
Chap. XVIL et MER EOCA 349
The Torch, fo call’d by the European Inhabitants; by the Native Iflanders, Akou-
lero; agreat Thiftle, or thorny Bufh, putting forth from the middle of it long
freight Stalks like Torches, and bearing Fruit like a great Fig, not unpleafing to
the tafte. ~
The Lienes, creeping upon the Earth, and {preading up and down like Ropes,
and bearing brown Husks of a Foot long, wherein are enclos’d a Fruit call’d Seas
Cheftnuts of which are made Boxes to keep Snufh, Tobacco, or the like.
A fort of Sempervivum, which runs twifting upon Rocks, bebe of old Trees;
like Miffeltoe, and fometimes on the Ground.
A fort of fenfitive Plant, call’d by the Inhabitants Aizefiel, or The Living Herb;
of which kind‘of Plant fbincrhing hath been already touch’d upon, and which bes
ing tran{planted, is keptin feveral Gardens of the Curiofi as a Ratity.
The Sweet-Rufh, whofe {mall Root dty'd; and reduc’dto merrdtr;, helps Women
in Travail.
The Balifier, whofe Leafapply’d, mollifies and cools inisialdnaisone of Wounds.
The Dart-Herb, whofe Root bitiigd and apply’d, draws away the Venom of
empoyfon’d Darts, befides Scolopendria, a fort of Albee feveral kinds of Maiden.
hair, and other ried Gival Herbs.
The Granadilla, or Pafsion-Flower, brian in feveral other parts of America, and
defcrib’d elfewhere.
There is alfo a fort of Peafe in psi of thefe Iflands, differing from ours, and
call’d The Peale ofAngola, as firft brought from thence. Likewife a fort of Beans ©
call’d The Seven-years Beans, by reafon the fame Stalk bears feven y¢ars one after
another.
The Herb call’d The Musk-Elerb, from the daily “aleuk afi its Flower, and the
fweet {cent of the Seed, grows alfo in thefe Parts very frequent.
~The Pyman, or American Pepper, is the fame with that before defcrib’d under the
Name of Axi.
Their Potatoe is a Root not unlike the Toptharibous, ot Jerufalem: Artichokes, other-
wife call’d Saligots, aati: plentifully in our Gardens, “but more wholfome, and
of a better tafte.
The Anana’s, or Pin- Apple, accourited a moft delicious Pai of an admirable
fweet f{cent, and verypleafant to behold, grow not onely plentifally” in thefe
‘Iflands, bitin intott places of America ; befides the‘Sugat Caties here, and in many
other places, but not fo generally.©
The Plant from which is got the Dying Material call’d Indico, is wlérydifferent
from that which grows itt Madaga/car, which bears {mall odoriferous Flowers, of a
white and purple Colour mix’d together. |
Of thefe Trees, Herbs, and other Plants, which are pied d in thefe Caribbee
Iflands, fome'are more peculiarly of the Growth of one Ifland, fome of another;fo .
that we fhall have occafion to {peak more largely of fome of chien. when we come
to {peak of each Ifland in particular. ~
- The four-footed Beafts found in thefe Iflands, are chiefly the Opaffum, the Javaris,
the’ Tatan, the Agouty; and the Musk-Rat, which beidy all of them no lefs known in
other Parts of the New World, have been already taken notice of, and of which we
may havealfo occafion’ to treat more at large’ ‘in the sivdeubit Iflands, we fhall .
therefore onely name'thie other Animals, whéchtr'Birds,Reptiles, Infects, or Fifhes,
as partly having been heretofore treated of, aridpartly to be defcrib’d tlevexfeer,
The Birds are, the Fregates, Faives, Crav--fowl,ot Grandgawfiers, Flammans, Swallows
of America, Arras, Canides, Parrots, Parvogiitys,° Trembld’s, Sparrows of “Amerita,' Eagles
LI 3 of
 of MERIC te Chap. XVIII.
of Orinoca, Manftenys, Colibrys, befides what are common amongftus, as Herons, Coots,
or Moor-hens, Black-birds, Feldivars, Thrujhes, Turtles, Woodquifts, Pintado's, Sc.
Reptiles, The Reptiles are, Anotis, Zoquets, and Maboujats (of which farther mention will
occur inthe Ifle of St. (hriftopher) Globesmouches ,nam’d by the Caribbecans,Oulleouma,
Scorpions, and feveral forts of Lizards, call’d by the Caribbeeans, Quamayaca ; by the
Brajilians, Senembi ; and by other Indians, Jaquanas. — | ,
Infects, The Infeéts are, befides thefe common with us, as Glow-worms, Palmer-worms, Spi-
ders, Bees, &c. the Cucnyos, mention’d in.tifpaniola, and the Flying Tyger. Llane.
Fifhes, The Fifhes are, Sea-Parrots, thie Dorada, by fome call’d The Sea-Bream, by others
The Amber-fifh ; the Bonite, the Needle-fifh, the Epadon, or Sword-fifh, the Marfovin, the
Requiem, the Remora, the Laisantin, the Becune, the Sea-Urchin, the Sea+Woodcock, be-
fides Whales, and a cettan Fith call’d, for its hideous fhape, The SeasDevil, and laftly,
the Sea-Unicorn, with a particular Defcription of which we. fhall conclude, as ha-
ving it from Monfieur du Montel, who was an Eye-witnefsthereof. _
Defcription
of the Sea-
“ This Unicorn (faith he) was purfuingaCarangue, or fome other Jeffer Fifh, with
Unicorn, ** {uch earneftnels and impetuoficy,. that not confidering that it meeded.a greater
“ depth of Water than the other, it ftuck with halfthe Body dry .on-a Sand-bank, -
‘* whence it could not récover the deeper Waters ere it was deftroy’d by the Inha«
“bitants: It was about eighteen Foot in length, being at the largeft part of its
*
+ea~
“© Body about the bignefs of a Barrel: It had fix great Fins like the ends of Galley-
“ Oars, whereof two. were plac’d near the Gills, and the other four on the fides. of
‘the Belly at equal diftances, they were of a Vermilion red colour: All the up-
ee
Pal
=ee
“~~
=
**

=
<=
‘per part of the Body was cover’d with great Scales, about the. bigne(s of a
_ =

“‘ Crown-Piece, which were of a blue colour, intermix’d with feveral Spangles of

“* Silver ;. near the Neck the Scales were clofer, and of a:dark colour, {eeming as
a.
. A
-

=2

‘Cit wére a Collar; the. Scales under the Belly were yellow,. the Tail forked, the
Ls
_—
_=. ~-_—

:
|
Meta ‘* Head fomewhat bigger than that of a Horfe, and near the fame figure: Ic was
*“ cover'd with a hard and dark-colour’d Skin ; and as the Land-Unicorn hath one
:

'?
} “* Hornin his Foreshead, fo this SeaeUnicorn had a very.fair.one iffuing out.of the
‘
4
<< fotexpart of his Head, jabout nine Foot anda half in length,; it wasas ftreight
- : “as could be, and from the place whence it came out it grew fmaller. and {maller
“to the very Point, which was fo fharp, that being thruft hard, it wouldenter in-
' : ; :
i 4 sd

is -

a]
‘
*‘to Wood or Stone, or fome more folid Subftance ; it was at the place. where it
,

| ¥
“y
*< came out of the Head, about fixteen Inches about, and from thence. to. two thirds
** of the length it was like a Screw, or, to fay better, made waving like a wreath’d
“‘ Pillar, fave that the Channels grew{maller and fmaller, tilithey.gently ended in
“‘a Point, which was two Inches beyond the fourth Foot: .All the lower part had
“over itan Afh-colour’d Skin} which was all over cover’d with a {mall foft Hairs,
“ fhort as Plufh,: and of the colour of a wither’d Leaf, but under that it, was as
“white asIvory : Astothe other part, which feem'’d naked, it was naturally po-
| *¢ lifh’d, of a fhining Black, mark’d with certajn {mall white and yellow Strokes,
a
”"—_wo

“and of fuch folidity, that a fharp File could hardly ger adittle {mall Powder from
“it: It hadno Ears ftanding up, but two fpacious Gills, asthe other Fifhes, the
a
=.
ss
ee
.ee
—"
“ Eyes were aboutthe bignefs of a Hens Egg ; the Ball, which was of a Skye-colour
“Enamell’d with Yellow, was encompafs’d with a certain Vermilion, which had
=
_—_— ——
~

“beyond it, another as clear as Cryftal: The Mouth was wide enough, and furs.
“‘nifh’d with feyetal Teeth, whereof thofe before were extreamly fharp,.and thofe
‘towards the Throat in both Jaws were broad, and alittle knobbed):. The

Fifth
had
Chap! XVIII. fh MER ICH. _
« had upon the Head a kind of Crown, rifing above the Skin about two Inches,
“ and madé oval-wife, the Ebvietiicies whereof ended ‘in a Point. Above three
« hundred Perfons of that Ifland did eat of the Meat of it, and that plentifully, and
« thought it extreamly delicate ; It-was interlarded with Fat, and being boyl’d it
<‘ came up in flakes like frefh Cod; but it hada much more excellent tafte.
« Thofe who-had feen this rare Fifh alive, and had with great Levers broken
«¢ the Back of it, afirm’d, That he had made prodigious Attempts to thruft them
‘with his Horn, which he turn’d with an inexpreffible dexterity and nimblenéfs,
“ and that if he had had as much Water under him as would have born him up, be
< would have been too hard for them all. When the Entrails were taken out, ic
«¢ was found that he liv’d by Preys; for there were within him the pak ie of Rveral
«‘ kinds of Fifh.
© What could be preferv’d of this miraculous Animal, efpecially the Head, and
‘‘ the precious Horn faftned in it; hung up near two years at the Guard-houfe of
‘¢ che Ifland, till Monfieur Le Vaffeur, the Governor of it, prefented one Monfieur
‘¢ Des Trancarts (a Gentleman of Xaintonge, who had given him a Vifit) with the
* «Horn. Not long after, coming over in the fame Ship with the Gentleman, who
‘had. that’ precious Rarity put'up in a long Cheft, our Ship was caft away neat
‘¢ the Ifland of Payala, one of the Affores, and all the Goods were loft, but riothing
« fo much regretted asthe lofs of that Cheft.
. The Natives call themifelves ((ubao-bonon, that is, Inhabitants of the Iflands, and Ca4- The Natives
ribbeeans ; which laft Denomination was not onely receiv’d amongft the American ws
Ifles, but alfo onthe Main Continent of cheNorthern and Sather’ America, long
before the Spaniards coming thither, - fH
Concerning the original of thefe People, there are feveral Opinions , for thofe Theis Orig
who make them to be Extracted from the Jews, have no other teftimony, but that
they abftain from Swines-fleth ;“Thofe that take them for a People fled from the
great Iflands, Hiifpaniola, Jamaica; Cuba, and Porto Rico, to fave themfelves from the
Spaniards Cruelty, difpute againft a known Truth; for who knows not, that the Ins
dians who e{cap'd the Spanifh Slaughter, have: not the leatt refemblance either in
Language or Cuftoms with the Cannibals ? nay more, they are mortal’ Enemies to
them; befides that, the Cannibals ac that time when Columbus firft arriv’d , poffefs’d
‘thofe Places which they now inhabit. The Cannibals feemiignorant thenifelves
in this Point: fot they affirm their Extraction to be from Gryana, where the Cali-
bites {peak the fame Language, and alfo obferve the fame Cuftoms and Religion:
The occafion ‘of their removal they afcribe to the King of the Arovages, who made
all the adjacent People about his Court, Slaves to him; which to prevent, they firft
went to Tabago, where being ftrengthned by new Coiners, they refolv’d to take
revenge on him; and Engaging with him in a Field-Battel, utterly defeated him,
and {par’d none of his Party alive, except the Women; silica’ it proceeds, that
the Arovdge Women have the Suva Cuftoms and Language with the (aribbeans. But
Briftock, an Englifh Knight, by long Converfation experienc’d in the feyerall Ayeri-
can Tongues, faith, That the Caribbeeans have their Original frorn the Apalachites in
Florida, who being avaliant People; deftroy’d many of the Natives that inhabited
Mexico, that fo they might Settle themfelves there ; to which purpofe they buile a
City like that of Apalache. The (ofachites inhabiting Northerly, and {pred over a
barren and Rocky Countrey ,made ufe of this Opportunity to conquer their deferted
Habitation: for on a fetetime they fet fire to all the Villages, and fpoyl'd all things
which they could not carry away with them; that hot the leaft hopes of return-
ing might be left them; therefore they rant either Conquer or Die; which re-
folv’d
 €

352 AMERICA. Chap. XVIII,

folv’d upon, they fell unawares on the Apalachites, whofe King had neverthelefs
much time, that he Guarded the ufual Paths which direéted to the inhabited Vil.
lages: But the Apalachites leaving the common Roads, climb’d over almoft inac-
ceflible Mountains, and fo got into’the heart of the Countrey, which exceedingly
amaz’d Paracoufis (for fo that-King was call’d) who lay Encamp’d at the Foot of a
Mountain, whether the Van of the Apalachites were marching : whereupomhe fend-
ing his Army to meet them, they began a moft fierce Combat ; when at laft both
*
Parties wanting Arrows, they fell upon one another with Glubs till the Night
The exfati- parted them ; and neither could boaft of the Vigtory. At laft this War was
turn’d
Terms of A~ into Peace, and the Articles of Agreement were thefe, viz.
withthe dpe That the Cofachites fhould for ever poffefs the Province Amana, and become
one People
with the A palachites, and acknowledge the King of Apalache for their Chief Governor.
After which the (ofachites were call’d Caribbeeans, which fignifies Accidental Sub-
Thy fallof jects : But thefe two forts of People did not long agree ; for the Caribbeeans fleight
ed
a
»a-f : -.A
ieee
—_
the Cuftoms of the Apalachites in the Countrey Bemarin, and at the fame time
--
:~7=*7~

- i_ -
rs
--a
-— threw off their Obedience to the King, chofe one Ragazin for their Governor, fub-
du’d the neighboring Province Matika, and’at laft defi'd the Apalachives ; who infe- *
-——<
~~=
==° 7.

——-
=<
-—2=-
—-,
=='
—

rior to them in Strength, and making ufe of fubtiley, fuppos'd’ it the beft way to
es
aan
—
+
Pom
f~~
ae
ry. ‘f
:.-&«a
_: »«=

eae
==—".
*. - x
— ss
-=
_et
+. -n

make a Difference amongft the Caribbeeans themfelves ; to which the Priefts freely
me
i
Met
“a4-—— =ft
a
~_rs
-———
——
——
om

! proffer’d their Affiftance, and their Defign proy’d alfo fuccefsfal ; for the Caribbee.
ais regarding no Religion (onely dreading the angry Deity Mabouya) the Apalachite
me
- ~-
aU

* tea
La

Are brought Priefts call’d Jaova’s, took great pains to perfwade their Neighbors tothe worfhip.
>a
-lle
—

: : ag ping of the Sun ; which fo prevail’d, that a confiderable number of them afcending
the Mountain Olaimi, fell down and fhew’d Reverence to thaticeleftial Luminary,
‘

; : ee

which Opportunity Paracoufis taking notice of, caus’d the Jaova’s to publith amongft
ae
ee the Caribbeeans, That.in the beginning of the Maairims, or March, a great
Fealt fhould
: +

be held in Reverence tothe Sun on the ufual place, ‘where the King would
- ; -
ae

Enter-
1 Fi
; ,-
ee,
AP
;
> :
: oa,
tain, and give Prefents to all theWorfhippers thereof.
'
7 Py 1

a Gonalil insag
ia | The Sun ge- _ How great a Religion this Sun-worfhip was antiently amongf
t the Gentiles, aps
f A

: :
nerally wore
4 ,
/ -
ee’ty pears from the Writings of feveral authentick Authors. ;

Heathens The Syrians, whofe Idolatry the J/raelites learn’d} honor the Sun by the Name
4

rer

of
41
-

ia Z|

fr
Bahal, which fignifies Lord.
‘
lee
ut
*

bape lod
*
‘

The Phenicians call’d the Sun Beelefamen, Lord ofthe Heavens ;-and the Citizens
° le 7
y 7

(hy
o
of
Accaron, Baal-zebahim, Lord of the. Offerings , but God chang’d the Name to Baals
:
-_

Rebub, or The God ofFlyes.

:

ey | | | ml
» Moloch; or Milcom alfo fignifi'd the Sun amongft the Ammonites; in honor of which
Children were carried by their Parents, and fer between two great Fires, or elfe by
the Priefts, upon pretence of cleanfing them ; and {fometimes parch’d to death
in
an Image of Moloch, which had feven Cavities heatedJike Ovens, _ r
Macrobius tells us, That the Affyrians afcrib’d the fiipream Command to the Sun,
under the Name of Adad, and to the Goddefs Adargati, reprefenting the
Image of
Adad with Beams darting downwards, and Adargatis with thofe that fhot-
upwards :
by the firft they exprefs’d, that the celeftial. Power confifted in Sun-b
eams, which
{hooting downwards warm the Earth ; and by the fecond, that all thing
s by thofé
Beams were cherifh’d and’ enliyen’d.
|
The moft magnificent Temple which Syria Apamena boafted, was Confecrate
d ‘to
the Sun. ial |
The Arabians Offer’d Myrrhe on the tops of their Houfes at the Rifing of the
Sun ; who alfo wasthe Chamos and Bagl-Peor' of the Moabites and Medians:
|
Near the Red-Sea, lay the City Baifam/a, which fignifies The Hufe of the Sun,
fa-
mous for the many Feafts which were kept there in honor of this Planet.
The
Chap. XVIII: of MER ICA
The Perfians accounted this Luminary for the greateft God, and Conféecrated to
him three feveral Feafts, looking upon him as the Author of Wildom, Goodnefs, os
and Power, and is exprefs’d by three feveral Operations, viz. Warmth, Light, and
Diftingtion of Time. |
The Egyptians honor’d the Name of Ofiris, whom fome will have tobe the fame
with Mifraim, or Cham/zoon, the firft Founder of the Egyptian. Monarchy.
In Egypt alfo was famous amongft many other Cities that of Heliopolis, which
fignifi'd The City of the Sun; wherethe Ox Mnevis or Menapis ‘being Confecrated to
the Sun, was religioufly worfhipp'd. This Image is deferib’d by Macrobius.
The Moors made likewife great Offerings to their Affabin, for fo they call’d the
Sun ; and allow’d their Priefts onely the priviledge to gather Cinamon, ‘and that
with this Provifo, Thatthey fhould firft Offer forty four Oxen, befides’ Goats and
Rams,to4ffabin, nor fhould fetch the leaft Stick of Cinamon‘either immediately
before or after Sun-fer : The Cinamon brought altogether, -was'to bé divided by
the Chief Prieft, and the reft having each their Portion affign’d, that which re-
main’d was fold to the Merchants, to Trade with into Foreign Parts ; but if the
Sun chane’d to fet the Cinamon on fire, then they concluded they had not dealt .
juftly. |
The Greeks,. according to Proclus, hungalong Pole full of Laurel and Flowers
on every feventh day of the Moneth ; on the top thereof was a great Copper Ball,
from which hung others ftill lefler andleffer ; about the middle of the Pole hung
three hundred and fixty five Garlands ;and the bottom thereof was cover’d with a
Womans Garment of a yellow colour: The uppermoft Ball reprefented the Sun,
the leffer the Stars, and the Garlands the Days of the Year; in which manner they
worfhipp’d the Sun. | |
The fame Luminary the Maffagetes and old Germans adot’d in antient times,and to
this day the People.in the urmoft North, Japanners ,Chinefes, Tartars,and the Eaft and \|

Weft-Indians, pay their chief Devotions to the Sun ; the reafon of which may eafily Why Divine
|
7 |
: ——

be made out ;for it is the common Opinion of all Men, as Ari/totle, Simplicius, The- geerally i
:
4
ti
miftius, and other Heathens witnefs, to place the Omnipotent Godhead in the up- Su. ai

|
. |
permoft Orb, which furrounds the Earth ; wherefore thofe that Pray, lift up their
Hands to Heaven : but becaufe the reft of the Heavens appear not fo refplendeng as ,

~~
=
the Sun, therefore they take the Sun for the onely chief God, whether for its ex-
ceeding luftre and glory, or for its being a hundred and fixty times bigger than the
a a

Earth; or for its{wift Courfe, in running ten hundred thoufand Leagues in fo ——S eT

fhortatime, or for its nourifhing and genial Warmth, which gives Life co all _

things, or for its neceflary Light, by which all worldly Affairs are manag’d, or for
its meafuring the Days by its moving from Eaft to Weft, and the Seafons of the
Year, by a Courfe from the South to the North, for all thefe excellent qualities =:
ee

being well confider’d by the moft Learned Heathens, or obfery’d by thofe of leffer
Judgment, have made them fhew that Honor to a vifible Creature, which is onely
due to the invifible Creator.
Thefe and fuch like Arguments induc'd the Caribbeeans to go to Bemarin, where
the Feaft of the Sun was to be kept.
The Apalachite King alfo Enterctain’d the neighboring People exceeding courtes TheApelach-
oufly in the chief City Mélilot ,from whence he was carried in a Chair on the Shoul- sy Moa
ders of four Men, with found of Pipes and Drums, and an innumerable company Paik.
of People, to the top of the Mountain Olaimi, where he made a ftately Offering to sini,
the Sun, and afterwards Feafting and Carefling the Caribbeeans with Gifts, he fenc
them home all well contented and fatish’d with their Entertainment. This Cu-
ftom

ad

~
Nee
Aa
“,
 —
Sd

oa
s 354. AMERICA — Chap. XVIII.
Part ofthe‘ftom was yearly obferv’d, when at laft they began to negle& their Duty, wherefore
revere from Toltlabin refolv'd to proclaim War againft the (aribbeeans, if they did not continue
Che Apars- : : ". na ¢
chites,, paying their Devotions tothe Sun: which ;
Injunétion was differently receiv'd .
fome judg’d it to be inconfiftent with their purchas’d Freedom, to receive Laws for
Religion from a neighboring King, alledging, That if any Reverence was due to
the Sun, it might as well be given on the Mountains of Amana as within Toltlabin’s
Realm : others, whe lov’d Peace, and had a zeal tothe Olaimi Religion, would not
be againft the Propofals, which occafion'd a Contention amonoft themfelves, and
every one apply’d himfelf to thofe that were of his Opinion , neverthelefS thofe that
ftood upon theit Freedom, were of the greateft Party; wherefore the Worfhippers
of the Sun clos'd with the Apalacbites, who going out with their Forces, routed the
\ other Party, and receiv’d thofe Caribbecans that joyn'd with them in Religion into
Co- partnerfhip alfo.in the Government, fo that they united into one People: But
thofe that were routed rally’d again, and not without thoufands of Inconveniences
made towards the Sea, where Embarquing, they Landed firfton the Ifle Ajay, now
They People call’d Sancta Crux, and in procefs of time grew very populous ; for from thence by
peal degrees have been peopled all the little Iles which lie before America, and grew fo
confiderable, that they were fought to by the (alabites, to fide with them againft
the Arovaces, Yaos, Sappayos, and other People their Enemies on the Main Conti-
nent, where they have taken many large Countreys, extending as far as Brafile,
where they are greatly re{pected and feat’d for their Valor and Policy in warlike
Affairs:
But becaufe the memory of antique Paflages hath no firm foundation in Books,
having been onely taken by Tradition from time to time amongft the Caribbeeans,
therefore we cannot give you an exaét Account of their Removal from Florida, yet
it remains without contradiction, that it hapned above five Ages before the Spaniards
Arrival, which time at leaft was requir’d ro the peopling of fo many great Iflands
and Kingdoms. . 7 }
Dette sé Concerning the Original of the Apalachites, they themfelves affirm, that they
“u- cannot certainly determine thetime when they firft Setled here: however, they
report that they have peopled the Provinces Bemarin, Amana, and Matika, many Ages
ago. That they are Extracted from the Tartars, appears not obfeurely, by their
_ Cuftoms, Idolatry, and Language. -Amongft other things, they have learn’d from
the Tarcars religioufly to remember thofe Kings which perform’d-any grand Ex-
* ploits in the Service of their Countrey. Amongft others, the Apalachites make men:
tion in their Areitos, or Songs, of a King call’d Mado, eminent for his noble At-
chievements, and prudent Governing of his People.
wea ae. - They believe that the Sun many Ages fince was Darken’d or Ecclips’d twenty
ligin, four Hours together, during which time the Waters over-flow’d the higheft Moun-
tains, except that of Olami, where there ftood a ftately Temple, built in honor of
the Sun ; in which all thofe that fled thither were preferv’d, and difpers’d after-
wards into feveral parts to re-people the World as foon as the Waters were abated,
and the Sun appear’d in his full luftre again : whereupon they imagine, that to this
day their Bird Tonatzuli, at the Rifing of the Sun congratulates his appearance
with great joy, and at his Setting, requefts his fpeedy return from under the
Horizon.
pokebeie | The Tonatzuli isa Bird like a Bull-Finch, onely its Belly and
Wings are of 4
Golden colour; the Back and Tail blue, its Head adorn’d with divers colout’d Fea-
ies thers, its Claws and Bill like Ivory, and it Sings likea Nightingale,
;
oftheMoun As for Olaimi. it is a perfect round Mountain ; the Way which leads, to
rs oP
| thereo
 Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 42 355
thereof runs winding two Leagues long, and is planted‘on each fide with Cedar,
Pine-Trees; (4/Sine,and Saffafras; the top of which isa fair'Plaina League in circum-
ference ; Eaftward from iris a Cavern, to which Nature hath afforded more Con»
yenienceand Ornament than could be given tothe fame by Art and Charges : The
_ firft Beams of the Rifing Sun dart into'the Cavern, which being oval, appears like
a white Vault, which on the top hatha great Hole for the Air to goinat: The
bottom is like the pureft Marble ; on the’Floor ftands a Stone Ciftern to receive
the Moifture which drops out of the Rocks. Whileft the People Dane’d on the
fore-mention’d Plain,Feafted and Sung, the Priefts Offer’d Myrrhe, and all mannet
of Perfumes. > |
The Clothes which the Rich gave to the Sun, were diftributed amoneft the
Poor, according to a Lift which was taken of them.
But in procefs of time the Apalachites have moft of them embrac’d the Chriftian the occasion
Religion ; the firft occafion thereof was this: When John Ribauld had brought a his chites embra~

French Colony to Florida, and gain’d a Fort, (which from King (charles the Ninth he sip oe
nam’d Charles-Fort) the Spanif> Commander Peter Melendez fell unawares upon him,
and fo far impowert’d his Men, who had of themfelves a natural hatred againft the
French, that they {par’d neither Man, Woman, nor Child ; onely ten Men efcaping
the bloody Banquet, fled to the Floridan King Zaturiona, where they were kindly ree
ceiv'd, and hearing of the Civility and Power of the King of Apalache, defir’d that
they might go thicher; which Zaturiona not onely granted, but alfo furnith’d the
feven French-men (for the other three were dead) with good Guides, who vifited
Zaturiona’s Relations, living in feveral Villages along the pleafant Stream Selay,
over which they pafs'd on large Boughs artificially joyn’d together, and travell’d
through Woods, Marfhes, and Mountains full of ravenous Beafts, and fometimes
Engao’d with the ftragling Floridans which lurk’d in the moft defolate Wilder.
neffes: having travell’d two. days Journey, by an Ambulcade of King Timago’s
People, they loft two of their Guides, the reft being dangeroufly wounded, and
through many Difficulties came at laftto Avoeka, ahd from thence to the King of
Apalache's Court, who receiv'd themall with great kindnefs: Whereupon they re-
folv’d, being induc’d thereto by their courteous Reception, fruitfulnefs of the Soil,
and good Cuftoms of the Inhabitants, to Settle themfelves, all buc two of them,
who retyrn7d with the Guides to Zaturiona : the reft that ftay’d there, endeavor’d
by promulgating the (hriftian Religion, to reduce the Pagans tothe belief thereof ‘i
which many embrac’d, and alfo learn’d the French Tongue, notwithftanding their
Prielts Jaova’s oppos’d the fame. After the death of the French (which the Apalachites
much bemoan’d) their Idolatry had like to have gotten the upper hand again, had
not fome Englifh Bamilies, fleeing from Virginia from the Cruelties of the Indians,
and not able to reach New England, Landed at Florida, with intention at firft onely
to get frefh Provifions, buc Rowing up the River Selay, and taken with the plea.
fantnels, they chofe the Province Bemarin for their Habitation, where accordingly
they Setled Anno 1621. Amongftthem were feveral Learned Men, which fo effe
Ctually perfwaded the Heathens to embrace the Chriftian Faith, that in twenty eight
years time the King and moft of his Nobles were Converted and Baptiz’d by them
in the chief City Melilot.
But fince our Defign is onely to give you an exact Account of thofe People
which inhabit the Iflands lying before America, it is fufficient that we have fhew’d
you how they are Extracted from the (of achites and the Apalachites.
As tothe Cuftoms of the Caribbeeans, fince they are very much alter’d by their
long Converfation with the Auropeans, we cannot better inform our felves of their
antient
 256 AMER_IC A Chap. XVIII.
antient Cuftoms, than from thofe which to this day are obferv'd on St. Vincent, and
fome parts of the Main Continent, where the Caribbeeans have learn’d nothing from
any Strangers,
peiptio’ ~—--The Caribbeeans are a well proportion’d People with Sioa Shoulders and Hips,
hen round Faces, ‘without Beards, wide Mouthes, white Teeth, little Eyes like the Tar
tars, Feet fo hard, that they are almoft Dare-proof, flat Nofes, fo made by {queezing
them down in their Infancy, and long black Hair. There are few or no deformed
People amongft them; all of them goftark naked, and paint their Bodies Red
with a Plant call’d Rorev; and Oyl; about their Eyes they draw a black Circle
with the Juice of the Apple Junipa. This their Painting ferves them both as an
Ornament, and to make them ftrong. Others anoint theit Bodies all over with a
glewy Stuff,on which they ftick all forts of Feathers. Others ufe Gum and Flowers,
Moreover, they adorn their Head with Plumes, their Ears with Fifhsbones, or
Scales of the Caret, or pieces of Cryftal, which they alfo hang in their Lipsand
Nofes. The Men wear Armlets near their Shoulders, and the Women about their
Wrifts ; about their Legs they tie for Garters Strings of Seeds: others take a pride
in wearingthe Bones of their flain Enemies, and the Teeth of the Agouty, Tygers,
wild Cats, or Cockle-fhells. When they appear in greateft luftre , then they
wear Armlets under their Arm-pits, and alfo Scarfs of Feathers, which either hang
over their Shoulders, or are girt about their Middle, fo that one end thereof ton-
ches their Thighs. They fet an exceeding value on certain pieces of Copper call’d
Caracolis, the leaft of which they hang in their Eats, and the biggeft before their
Breafts :and becaufe they are fetch’d out of the Province of the Arovages their Ene.
mies, they are efteem’d as Marks of true Valor, and he is highly efteem’d that
| wears them.
gage.” The Caribbeeans which Converfe with the Europeans, {peak two forts of Langua-
ges, the oldeft of which is {mooth, acceptable, fluent, and for the moft part {poke
between the Lips. According to the feveral pronunciations one word hath divers
‘fignifications : but the Myftety of their oldeft Language’ they will difcover to
none. Itis very obfervable, that the Caribbeean Men {peak feveral words, which
though the Women underftand, yet are never {poken by them: andalfo cheantient
People ufe feveral Sayings which the younger never mention, and the Youths fuch
likewile as are never {poken by the Antient, which being fpoken apart by each in
the time of War, are underftood by none but their Soldiers, that fo their Defigns
may the better bekept fecret. But their mix’d Language hath many of the Ewro-
pean words, efpecially of the Spanifh, which they {peak whenfoe’re they converfe
with the Europeans. Moreover, though the Caribbeeans on the leaft occafion laugh
aloud, yet they are of a dull Spirit, ftubborn, and nothing to be got out of them |
but hyfair means.
raw Masz_. Their Employment is Hearing, Fifhing, Tilling, Building of Houfes, and ea
like. Theft is not known amongft them, fo that no Man is fufpicious of his Neigh-
bor; wherefore they leave their Huts open both Nightand Day. They are alfo
feldom at Variance one with another,but generally Love {ways amongft them, yet
if a Quarrel doth happen, then the injur’d Perfon revenges himfelf to the heighth.
Perfons that profefs Chaftity are much honor’ d amongft them ; and here Your
bears great re{pect to Age.
Their Tg They are alfo very ignorant in natural Kapadedee, infomuch that when the
Moon is Eclips’d, they fuppofe that it is devour’d by Maboya,; and wherefoe’re
they fmell any ill fcent, they believe the Devil to be not far frost thence. Gun-
powder they fuppofe to be a Grain, and are very fearful of Rixe-Arinea Though
they
Chap. XVHI. “A MER,IC A. 3°7
they have many brave Salt-pits, .yet they ufe no Salt, nor eat any Swines-flefh,
though all thofe Iflands abound in that fort of Animal, fearing that if they fhould
eatthe fame, it would caufe them to have little Eyes, which they account very
homely, though it is a property generally incident to chem ; neither will they. eat
any Tortoife, becaufe they would not be fo grofs as that Creature. Laftly, they
know now no greater Number than they reckon on their Fingers and Toes, for
what exceeds twenty is to them innumerable: They hold that good Spirits, whom
they call Akamoue, refiding in Heaven, never trouble themfelves. with Earthly
Affairs. :
Their Offerings confift in Caffave and the firft of their Fruits, which are fer at the
end of their Huts in Veflels on {mall Tables, cover’d with Leaves or Rufhes,
without uttering any Prayers ; for they never Pray but in publick in company of
the Boyex or Priefts, and that either for revenge againft Injuries, or for recovery
from Sicknefs; or that they may know the Events of War, or for Protection againft
the Maboya. x. : |
Each Boyehath his peculiar God; which, Singing with a conjuring Verfe, he calls
to him in the Night whilft he Smoaks a Pipe of Tobacco.
air
Some have been of Opinion, that this Gonceit of the | Maboyaproceeds from the the Mabiys.of
Kear
phlegmatick Nature of the Caribbeeans; who. in their melanclivly Dreams imagine
themfelves to be grievoufly beaten by the {aid Maboya, But there are fufficient telti-
monies to prove, that thefe Heathens have often really fuffer’d much by this Muboya,
often appearing to them in fuch horrid fhapes,that the poor Caribbeeanswould {weat
and quake at the fight thereof, and inflicting {uch fad Pinches and bloody Stripes
all over their Bodies, that they liv’din perpetual fear of this evil Spirit : and yet
notwithftanding thefe cruel Sufferings, they fhew’d no manner of Worfhip to Ma-
boya, onely they believ’d that they had fome cafe, when they wore little Pictures
‘about theit Necks, made refembling the Shapes in which Mabaya appear’d to them ;
but their. beft Remedy was to flye to the (hri/lians. :
They believe their Boyez able to refolve any Queftion they.ask of them ; parti- fitiony
ful tations a-

cularly, when any one dies,the neareft ally’d to him asks the Baye this Queftion Who wr ny
is the occafion of bis Death 2 to which if the Boye names any one, they never reft pith Farteoes
they have difpatch’d him tothe other World. Concerning their original brutifh
way ofliving, they give much credit to. an ancient Fable, which is to this effect :
The moft antient Caribbeeans, living undet no other Roof than the Canopy of Psp
Heaven, fed.on nothing but what the Fields naturally produc’d, which falvage
Life an old Man much beamoan’d; when a certain Deity clad in white Apparel
defcending down onthe Earth, faid, That he would have come fooner to have fhew'n them
the way of a civil Life, had they reque/ted it before. Moreover, the Angel fhew’d them a
place along the Shore where there lay fharp-cutting Stones, with which he told
them they might cut down Trees; and with the Timber build themfelves Houfes,
and cover them with the Leaves of the Palm-Tree to keep out the Rain ; which
faid, he broke his Staff into three pieces, which being Planted, foon after produc’d
the Root Manioe, which ftamp’d and dry’d, made good Bread.
The Caribbeeans have alfo a ftrange Opinion concerning the Soul, that is to fay, Thi Or
That every one hath as many Soulsashe hath Pulfes, but the chieteft is the Heart inst Soul
it felf, which after Death removes with Jeheizi, (that is every ones peculiar Godor |
Genius) to the Company of the other Deities, where they live after the fame man-
ner as here on Earth; wherefore thofe that are Perfons of Quality give Charge at
their Deaths, that their Servants may be kill’d and buried with them, that fo they
may ferve them in the other World ; That the other Souls, which are the Pulfes,
Mm are
 a)

| AMERICA. ‘Chap. XVIII.

are of two forts, whereof the firft call’d Maboya’s, range through Woods and Wil.
derneffes ; and the other call’d The Oumekows, refide along the Sea, and overetury
the Ships that Sail by ; That the Souls of Heroes remove to pleafant and delightful
Iflands, where they are ferv’d by the “rovages ; That Cowards at their Death go
behind a high Mountain, where they become perpetual Slaves to the Arovages.
So foon, as they hear a clap of Thunder they run into their Huts, and place
themfelves on little Stools round the Fire, cover their Faces, and laying their
Heads on their Knees, make a doleful noife, as fuppofing that Maboya isexceed ingly
enrag’dagainft them. | | ‘> Spex
Their man-
ner of Dwel-
Their Huts, for the moft part built near Rivers and Streams » are of an
.
ling. oval fafhion, their Roofs made of Palm-Tree Leaves or Sugar>Canes, the Walls
nothing but Boughs fet in the Ground and pleited together, and the Floor of
fifted Earth or Sand, ramm‘d in and kept very even and {mooth ; befides 2 Room
¥_

wherein they Sleep and Entertain their Friends, they have/alfo a Kitchin to drefs
, 7-

their Meat, and a place to lay their Bowes, Arrows, Clubs, and the like,in ; they
_ ufe Mats in ftead of Walls, to feparate one Apartment from the other. Their Hout.
hold-ftuff is little ; the richeft of them have Hammocks in ftead of Beds ; the
Aerie
ie
———
.*-
es
bem
a.
a eo
-
meaner fort ufe Stigks laid crofsone another, and cover’d thick with the Leaves of
the Banana-Tree, made faft at the four corners with Cords. Hollow (alabafhes, and
Earthen Ware call’d (anaris, ferve them for their Kitchin Utenfils. In the little
« _?
—
—— Canaris they prepare their Tumalis, or Pepper-pottage, and in the biggeft their Liquor
?>.
- : >as —SSE
i-.
ee
eee,
~
c.—Cx
a
7 Ovicou. M
—=
Their Cleanlinefs may appear by this, that when they goto eafe Nature, they
make a Hole in the Ground with a Stick, and after they have done, ftop it up again,
—

burying their Excrement that it may not be feen. |

-oie
7

:
a
—
odSz
Round about their Huts feed many Hens and Turkies, which they breed not fo
much for their own ufe, as to exchange for Iron. :
They remove their Habitations very often, either out of fear of being
haunted
by the Ghoft of fome deceafed Perfon, or to avoid fome Smell which
they find
noifom and offenfive, or becaufe their Hut hath been {et on fire by Lightning.
Their Houf- The Women are always employ’d to keep their Families in good order
hold Affairs , to pre-
and Diet, pare Venifon and Fifh for the Mens. Tables, to {pin Cotton, Comb
their Hus-
bands, and paintthem Red. The Men {pend their time in the Wars, Hunti
ng or,
Fifhing. They have alfo learn’d of the Europeans to burn Train-Oyl in Lamp
s in
the Night, when as before they burnt Twigs of a gummy Shrub before menti
on’d,
which for that reafon the Hollanders call’d Candle-Wood. Each hath alittle Stool
, and
a Table call’d Mantoutou, on which he eats his Meat when he pleafes, havin
g no
feteMeals. The broad Banana-Leaves ferve them for Napkins and Table-clot
hes,
Their chiefeft Dainty is Crabs roafted in the Shell with the Juice-of Lemm
on and
Pyman. At great Feaftsthey drefs their Meat withthe Fat of their Enemies,
being
the Arovages,. Their ufual Drink is Mabby, made of Potato’s, which
refrefhes, and
is good againft the Phlegm; alfo another Liquor call’d Oko; made offteep
’d Caffa-
dar, and is like Beer intafte, ftrength, and colour. They alfo by making an incifion
into the Palm-Trees, tap a Liquor from the fame in (alabafhes, like
White-wine.
They ufe little of the Drink Coufcou, becaufe it fwells the Body, notwi
thftanding
it is pleafing to the Palate, Butthe Liquor which is moft efteem’d among
ft them,
is the Wine madeof the Sugar-Canes, which:are fqueez’d in Mills made
for that |
purpofe, and then boyl’d in great Kettles, During the dreffing of their Meat ¢whic
h
being done leifurely, is fometimes half a day before itis ready), they: Sing,
and
Dance to the Time, which one keeps with a Calabafh fill'd full of little Stones,
in
| is which
~~

f.
.*

i , a
= -*
 Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 2. ; 259
which they believe the greateft happinefs they fiall enjoy in the other World coti-
Gifts: But the Caribbeeans never Dance more antique than when. they meet in the
a
Carbet, which is a publick Houfe of Entertainment ; whether the Women carry
bring
Drink made of Caffave, which makes Drunk as foon as Wine: The Men
d with Plumes
Fith and Hedge-hogs:; all of them painted with Roncon, and adorn’
keep
of Feathers, commit all manner of Debaucheries. At other times they alfo
Feaft«days, which is either when they are preferr’dto fome Office, or Place of Ho:
nor, ot when they have defeated their Enemies, ot when they mourn forthe Death
of one of their neareft Relations.
Their Boats, which they call Periaquo’s, are made of fingle hollow Trees, full Their Beaits.
of Benches, and painted with feveral ftrange Shapés,and are able each to carry fifty
or fixty Men. ) ,
Their Mufical Inftruments in which they take moft delight, are Drums, Strings Teele Mull :
of Silk-grafs ftretcht upon Calabafhes,and Flutes made ofthe Bones of their Enemies, mens.
4: They keep Watches on high Hills, to defcty the Ships offat Sea, and no fooner their warch-
have they efpy’d one, butthey immediately give notice to one another ; whereupon painft Be
_. thofe that are moft valiant put off to Sea in their Canoos, and know by the Lan- ot
guages to diftinguifh between a Spaniard, French-man, Englifh-man, and Hollander.
If they find that ’tis an Enemy who Lands on their Coafts, they guard all their
Avenues,liein Ambufcades, and gather together in by-ways, and where they fee
any advantage they fhoot thoufands of Arrows, which done, they fall in amongft
them with great Clubs: but if they chance to be defeated, then they lurk behind
Bramble-bufhes, or climb up inacceflible Mountains, or elfe, if near the Sea, they
fave themfelves by Diving and Swimming under Water above two hundred Paces
before they appearagain, andifa Party of them chance to meet together afters
wards, they venture a fecond Engagement: But if thofe that come on their Coafts their Enter
are Friends, they Swim, or go in their Boats to meet them, climb up their Ships, reed.
and carry the Sea-men on their Shoulders afhore, where the Cajique in the Name of
the whole IMland bids them welcome, and conduéts them to the Carbet, where an
antient Man falutes the old Men, and a Youth the young Men ; after which asking
their Names, the Conban calls himfelf by that Name ever after; and defires the
Sttangers to accept of his Name; during which their changing of Namies they ule
many Ceremonies of Friendfhip: this done, they proffer them Cotton Ham-
mocks to reft themfelves in; and pleafant Fruit to eat, till they have prepar’d other
Meat ;which isno fooner Ready, but a little Table is fet before every one of
them, and a Difli of Meat confifting of boyl’d Hedge-hogs, boyl’d Crabs, and Pot-
herbs which if the Guefts do not eat heartily, or drink up all che Liquor which
they give them, they take irasa great Affront ; but if they cat and drink heartily,
they take it kindly, and fhew great forrow at their departure.
‘Their Offices of Government have been ufisally three ; the meaneft belong’d to
the Tiouboulibauthe, whofe Place was to Govern over the (arbet,a Houle where Stran-
gers were Entertain’d,Matters of War difpuced of,and publick Feafts kept. Tioubou-
d Canoos inthe time of War, that is, under the Nabalene, who
tonti Commandethe
Commanded the whole Fleet: But the chiefeft Officer of all was the Ouboutou ; to
which degree of Honor none attain’d, unlefs he had kill’d feveral Avovages, or at
leaft a Governor.
When the Caribbeeans drew all theit Forces out of the Iflands to a Battel, then
they chofe one out of the Ouboutox, who during their March Commanded the
Army as General, which his Office ended with the War, and extended no farther
than his own Ifland. , 2
Mm 2 | Their
 360 dabei AMERICA — ° Chap. XVIII.
rete Their warlike Confultations were no lef
‘aims obfervable, for the Oubouton ap.
pointed a Day, on which the Iflanders met
at a Feaft in the Carbet, whither they
accordingly came all at the time appointed
, and having Eat and Drunk, and
Danc’d a confiderable time, an antient Woman
with tears in her Eyes, and mourn.
ful Countenance, enter’d the Carbet, and defir’d
Audience ;which being granted her,
and every one filent, fhe began to relate the
Damages which from antient times
the Arovages did to the (ari
bbeeans . and that in the laft Engagement fo man
liant Men were flain, and afterwards devour y Vas
'd by them ; therefore it would be a
fhame not to take Revenge ; which being
feconded by the Onboutu, put Valor into
the Hearts of all that were prefent: Whereu
pon the following day Meflengers
were fent tothe other Iflands to acquai
ntthem with their Intentions, that the
y
‘Se
—

might prepare their Clubs, malee fharp

and poyfon their Arrows, String thei
Bowes, prepare Provifions, and fit out their Canoos r
« They poyfon’d their Arrows
with the Juice of Manchenillo’s, which
+ mJ

made the leaft Wound mortal. Their Pro

vifions and Arms they laid up in their Canoos, -
fo to preferve their Periaguo’s (which
are Boats that can carry fifty Men), if the
aee
eeeerere y fhould chance to over-fet, which often
happen’d, though they were foon turn’d up
ee
a
ee
eee
—_
4 again. They went from one Iiland to
a
eee
=>
=a
2S
a_
another, where they not onely ftor’d themfe
lves with freth Provifions, but increas’d
their Fleet with new Affiftants ; with which
approaching the Main, they hal’d their
ae
<—ane Boats afhore in the Evening, and dri
ving four Stakes into the Ground: und
-c=‘ om
“

Trees, made faft their Hammocks to the fam er the

e, in which they flept till Mid-nighe,
ee
~Seee
and then fell on their Enemies, but if difcover
+
’d by them, they retreated to their
Boats and return’d home, but if they were not
of the Arovages ; who refifting, they
difcover'd, they fell upon the Huts
fhot Arrows with burning Cotton into
a
7

if
t and fo fetting them on fire, fore’d the Arovages them, |
5
to ventureaBattel in the open Field ,
et
| where having {pent all their Artows, they
Engag’d one another with great Clubs,
with which at one Blow they broke eith
*,
F ! .

er Arms or Legs, or knock’d out their

Brains, If the Caribbeeans chanc’d to be
defeated, then chofe that remain’d of thei
7

Party made a lamentable noife, howling for r

thofe that were kill’d, and mix’d their
Tears with the Blood of their flain
Friends, whom not without the grea
they fetch’d from amongft their Enemies, teft danger
and carried them aboard of their Boats :
But returning Vidtors, they were won
t to infult over their Prifoners with
bitter Taunts imaginable, and then taking all the
advantage of thofe fharp Upbraidings
which their cruel ufage extorted from the
m, to put them to death with moft inhu-
mane Tortures, and then to Feaft the
mfelves upon their mangled Bodies,
claiming a Right to their feveral Prifoner all
s, as to fo many Beafts appointed to the
Slaughter ; But of late Ages they have con
tented themfelves to difpatch them fpee-
dily with their Clubs, and fo affign them
to their Shambles,
Their En As the Arvovages had been formerly,
Spaninds Of the (aribbeeans itreconcileable Hatred fo the Spaniards at length became the Objet
, infomuch that oftetimes being Invaded by
them, they gave them fuch rough Entertainment, that
felves by flight ; for the Caribbeeans not they were glad to favethem:
regarding their Guns, prefs'd upon the
and many times took Veflels richly laden m,
from them, till of late years that a Peace
hath been concluded between them, wherei
n neverthelefs thofe of the (aribbeeans re
fufe to be concern’d, that inhabit St. Domi
nico and
day forget the cruel Outrages committed by the SpanSt.Vincent, who cannot to this
Their Mat: To.come to their Marriages, they wer
iards. ;
e allow’d as many Wives as they plea
‘i to have, infomuch that their Governors wer s’d
e in efteem according to the numberof »
their Wives ; nor were degrees of Confangui
niry fo regarded, but thatan Uncle
mig
ht take his Neece 3; whom he no fooner
had carried to his Houfe, but the Mars
riage
Chap. XVIII. “AMER IC A. 361
riage was finifli’d. They feldom Divorc’d their Wives after they had bore them
Children, buc otherwife the Man would break the Bond of Matrimony when he
pleas'd. A young Man that had noRelation might court a Stranger, and if her
Parents allow’d of it, the Match was made. One that had behav’d himfelf vali
antly againft the Arovages was fure of feveral good Matches, for he was refus’d by
none whom he Courted:; and the abundance of Wives was the greateft ceftimony
of their Valor. Each Wife hada peculiar Dwelling, fo to prevent all Diffentions :
So foon as one of them was with Child, her Husband Lay not wich her till after
Delivery. If any Woman committed Adultery, her Husband was permitted to
knock out her Brains, or rip open her Belly ; which done, he acquainted her Fa-
ther with the Deed, who return’d him thanks for the fame. Murderers were ei-
ther burnt or cut in pieces. Children were born here with little trouble, for the
Women were no fooner Deliver’d, but they carried the Infant to wafh at the next
Brook ; which done they return’d home to their Houfhold Labor, whileft the Man
on the contrary kept his Bed, and ate nothing but a piece of Caffava Bread, which
he hollow’d out in the middle, and left the edges till the Feaft, which was kept
at the Naming of the Child :, Moreover, he fed on all manner of Dainties for a
whole year after. But this Cuftom was obferv’d onely at the Birth of the firft Son,
at which time they fcratch’d the Pather’s Shoulder with a fharp Curry-combe, at
which if he flinch’d not, it was accounted a good Omen of the Childs future Valor.
At fifteen days old they made Holes in the Childs Ears, Lips, and Noftrils,through
which they puta String for the tying on of what-ever Ornamentals. With the like
Ceremonies the Child receiv’d.a Name, taken from his Predeceffors, Trees, Fifhes,
or fome remarkable Paflages during: the Mothers bearing of the Infant in her
Womb, or of the Father’s Lying-in: But this Name waschang’d fo foon as they
went to War, ot kill’d a Commander of the Avovages; whofe Name they exchang’d
for their own: After which the Mothers took fpecial care in bringing them up;
and at fix Moneths the Children were ableto rtin alone : When they attain’d to
the age of two years, they curoff their Hair,ata great Feaft made for that purpofe ;
from which time forward they exercis’d them in Shooting with Bowes and Ar-
rows; to which purpofethey hung up pieces of Meat for them to fhoot at, which
they mutt either hit down, or Faft.
Their Ceremonies to make Soldiers were very ftrange, viz. The Father con- hhitiaion «
ducted his Son to the Carbet; where he told him the Duties of a Soldier, beat him
with a Bird of prey, call’d Mans-fenis, cill he had bruis’d the Head of the Bird, and
{cratch’d his whole Body all over with a Curry-combe till the Blood came, and
then put Lemmon Juice into the Wounds, afterwards put him in a Hammock,and
hung him up for feveral days without giving him any Meat ; all which Torments
and Trials if he endur’d with patience, then he was accounted a good and appro-
ved Soldier.
Few bred up their Children to be Boyex, or Priefts; yet thofe that were brought OF es
up to it, abftain’d from certain Food from their Infancy, and before they couldbe
receiv’d into the Order of Priefthood, they were forc’d todraw Blood from every
part of their Bodies.
The Caribbeeans attain to an exceeding great Age : Charles de Rotchfore wicnefleth, Gres ageof
That in his time there liv’d Men whoremembred the firft Arrival of the Spaniards «™-
under the Command of Chri/topher Columbus, which confider’d, they could not be lefs
than each of them a hundred and fixty years old. Many Women alfo were found
there,who bare Children after they were cighty years of age: yet neverthelefs they
are not free from Sickneffes and Diftempers,which cannot juftly be attributed to the
Mm 3 Climate,
 AMERICA. Chap: XVIIL.
Climate, that being extraordinary healthful, but to their ill Diet. Befidesthe trou-
blefom Difeafe call’d Pyans, which makes their Bodies fwell full of great Knobs,
they have been much troubled with peftilential Sores, occafion’d by the cating of
Crabs, and poyfonous Tortoifes, Lamantins, and Hedg-hogs. Againft which Evils
they wanted not Medicines, confifting of Herbs, Roots, Gums, and Oyl. The bit.
ter Bark of the Chipiou-Tree, fteep’d in Water, and mix’d with Lanbys, hath a lovee
raign operation. The like vertue is in the Juyce of the Myby-Tree, which they us’d
to take inwardly : and for outward Means, they us‘d a Salve made.of burnt Cane-
afhes,cemper’d with a Water prefs'd out ofacertain Tree. To draw the Matter
out of the Sores, they us’d the Juice of Junipa. Letting Blood was never cuftomary
=e —>e+
+-
_—
- PS-
——_
a
<a
—.
-——
Se
ai%,;

pas amongft them, but to cutand fcratch the fore part was to them in ftead of Phiebo-
comy. Butif all the fore-mention’d Medicines would not help them, they fled for
r=—

a2

\
aid to the Boyez, who immediately order’d the Hut wherein the Patient lay to be
made clean, the Table call’d Matoutou to be over-{pread. with Caffave, Ouycou, and
ee
SL
ee
Sermo

Garden Fruits, for an Offering to the evil Spirit Maboya, and as many Stools to be
plac’d about the fame as there were People to be prefent at the Ceremony; and af-
ter that all the Fire and Gatidles-were put out, the Boye enter’d into the Hut about
Midnight witha Lighted Roll of Tobacco, then muttering fome words to himfelf,
flamp’d with his left Foot, and blew the Smoak of the Tobacco tp into the Air,
which done, and tearing the Tobacco in pieces, he threw the fame over the Hut,
- -7" a
.~
.— ae
Ss
sete
Si
ee
eS
59S and call’d up his Spirit, who fhaking the Roof of the Houfe, made a terrible noife ;
a
then the Boye drew near to the Patient, fuck’d his Sores, and anointed them with
the Juice of Junipa ; after which if the fick Perfon recover’d, he made a great
Feaft, and an Offering to the aforefaid Spirit: But if the Diftemper were mortal, ©
then the Boye inform’d the Patient’s Relations, That his Spirit had compaffion up-
*- i™
.
‘ i
' : |
| Fy 4
‘

on the Sick, and was refolv’d to carry him above the Stars, te accompany the other
‘es SF
oT
: La
ng|
a:

hy ina ty.
i

Gods which refide there. |

"a J

Thus much in general of the Inhabitants of the Iles that lie before Northern
‘ontT

7 /
‘

America ;it will next be requifite to give you an Account of them in particular.
-
‘ 1 t ;
i,
|

There are generally reckon’d of thefe Iflands twenty eight by Name, though
i]

~ The number

there are:many more in number ; for befides that there are a multitude of {mall ob-
t
of the Cavib~
éce Iflands.

{cure Iflands that are not nam’d, there are of the more confiderable fometimes two
Their {eve-
or three that go under one Name ; the twenty eight are thefe following: Anegada,
Sombrero,Las Virgines, Anguilla, Saba, St.Crux, St.Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbouthos ot
tal Nanies,

Barboude, Rotonda, Nevis, Euftathius, Antego, Montferrat, Guadalupe, Defeado, Mariga-

lanta, Todos Sanétos, De Aves, Dominico, Martinego, St. Lucia,Barbados, St. Vincent, Bekia,
Granada, Tabago, St. Chriftopher.

Sec. Il.

+ Anegada and Sombrero. |

Situation of “Ete, the Notth-Eaft of Porto Rico, at eighteen Degrees and thirteen Mie
nutes, lies Anegada, feven Leagues long, furrounded with Shoals and
Anegada and
Sombreros.

Banks, as alfo the neighboring Sombrero, being in the fame Latitude with
the other, and focall’d by the Spaniard, becaufe it appears like a Hat: Both ofthem
The anf. being uninhabited, harbor abundance of Birds, amongft which is the Mansfeny;
a little Eagle, andthe remarkable Colibry, whole Body being a little bigger than a
fen).

The Colibiy. Wren, is adorn’d with divers colour’d Feathers, refembling 2Rain-bowe,; about
endsofe the Feathers are of a
its Neck acis hi
eh ah;the Belly andBier
tiCircle
a Carbuncle red eee ele olden
 Chap. XVII. AMERICA. ie 563
Golden colour, the Sides of an Emerauld greeny: the Bill and Legs black like pox
jith’d Ebony, the Eyes glittering like Diamonds, om the Head a curious green tuft
of Feathers = the Cocks far exceed the Hensin beauty., they flie {wifter than any
| Bird whatfoever, and the fluttering of their Wings makes a noife like a Whirl.
wind: they live upon the Juice of Flowers, and efpecially of Cotton-Flowers ;
they {mell like Amber, and build their, Nefts amongft the thick Leaves of a little
Bough, where they cannot eafily be found ; the Neft it felf open towards the South,
is curioufly madeof the fine Fibres of the Plant Pite, furrounded with pieces of
Bark, and within fill’d with Cotton, douny Feathers, and Silk; the Eggs oval, are
fomewhat bigger than an ordinary Pearl.
In the Moneth of May that fort of Crabs call’d Painted Crabs (for fome have Painted rahi
Violet-colour’d Shells,others yellow,full of purple Specks, and others tawny, with
red Streaks) come creeping down the Hillsin good order, eatu p all che Herbs and
Plants, and go four times one after another into the Water to wath themf{elves,
which done they return to the Woods ; but the Females at a fetetime betake them-
felves to the Sea, in which they Lay their Eggs, which afterwards being caft on the
fandy Shore, and. warm’d by the Beams of the. Sun, produce young Crabs in a
fhort time, which no fooner come out of the Shell, but creep towards the Woods,
when grown fomewhat biggerthey climb up the Rocks, where the old ones keep
in vaft multitudes, and ftop up the Entrance of their Holes in fuch a manner; that |
they cannot be found out, whileft they caft off their Shell, creeping out backward
through an opening at the Tail {carce difcernable ; thus for a certain time they lie
bare, and ftript of their Shells, being onely cover’d with athin Skin, which grow- ©
ing harder and harder, becomes at laft a firm Shell like the former.
Thefe Crabs area wholfom Meat, unlefs they feed under the MancheneelsTrees,
which commonly are poyfonous. |

S 8 c:7, Uf.

Las Virgines.
N: Sombrero, at eighteen Degrees, lie alfo the two Ifles Las Virgines, furs Situation of
rounded by ten others (and flat Shelves), without Trees or frefh Water ; ss
but the Sea thereabouts abounds with Fifh, and chiefly wich the Perroket,
which hath Scales likea Carp, but greenifh ; the Eyes furrounded with Silver Cir-
cles fhine very bright; in ftead of Teeth they have ftrong Jaw-bones, wherewith
they Grind all manner of Shell-fith, whicharetheir Prey. ‘Thefe Fith have an exs
cellent Rellith, and weigh generally twenty Pound.
Here is likewile great plenty of the Dorade, which isa very large Fith, and about TM! 24
five Foot long, full of little Scales, with a prickly Back, two Fins at the parting of —
the Head, and as many under the Belly. This Fifth {wimming very {wift, often-
times follows the Ships that Sail that way.

Sect. IV.

Anguilla,
Outhward at eighteen Degrees and twenty Minutes, on this fide of the Line, Statins
appears Anguilla, inhabited by the Englifh, containing ten Leagues in length
It makes a pleafant Profpect, becaufe of the many Funipa-Trees which grow
: ae
upon
 AMERICA. Chap. XVIIE-
upon the fame, whofe Boughs bend towards the Ground ; the Leaves are not un.
like thofe of an Oak ; the Flowers both in {mell and fhape come near the Narciffus ;
the Wood firm and grey, may be neatly Plan’d , the Tree bears frefh Leaves every
Moneth, anda Fruit like Apples, which generally crack in their fall from the Tree,
becaufe of their thin Shell, as hath been already defcrib’d. |
cece, Lhe Oculiem, or Vine, makes the Shore alfo very pleafant ; the Leaf round and
thick, hath a mixture of Red and Green; the Bark inclofeth a Violet-colour’d
Wood ; the Boughs whereof are loaded with Violet Grapes, which in ftead of Ker-
nels contain hard Stones. { 7

Sect. V.

Saba.
ryeida: Eftward from Anguilla, at feventeen Degrees and thirty five Minutes,
j lies Saba, which fhews at a great diftance like a Rock. The Inhabi-
tants of St. Eu/tathius going thither, found a pleafant Valley, able
tomaintain many Families. 3
The Sea about this Ifland is fo clear, that 2 Stone may be feen lying on the bot-
* tom of it. |
ate, Poth Amongft many other forts of Fifh, the Bonito isthe moft remarkable, which is
thick and flefhy, two Foot long, with a dark green Back, and white Belly without
Scales ; It devours greedily all manner of Carrion. |
Sect. VI.

tig: Crux.
SituationandNN‘ of St. Chriftopbers, in eighteen Degrees and fome Minutes, lies St.
Crux,
tion of Se.
Crux,
which the Caribbeeans who were beaten by the Apalachites, firft inhabiting,
call’d Ayay, where Columbus found great oppofition, for the Women theme
felves {hot poyfonous Arrows at the Spaniards, and before the Iflanders fubmitted
to them, they took many Spanifh Ships, burnt their Villages, and flay’d many of
the Spaniards alive.. The Soil, though Hilly, is rich and fruitful.
The Englifh Landing here Anno 1587. found a ftanding Pool, whofe Water made
{well the Faces of thofe who wafh’d themfelves with the fame before Sun-rifing,
in fuch a manner, that they were not able to {ee for feveral days after, but they at
laft found a Fountain of wholfom Water. ane
Chinesat Since the Spaniards deftroy’d the Inhabitants of this Ifland, it lay defolace for a
Raise” Confiderable time, notwithftanding it hath fourteen Leagues in length, and little
lefs in breadth, till at laft the Englifh and Hollanders took poffeffion of the fame, each
in a peculiar place ; but not agreeing together, the Englifh fell upon the Hollanders,
_ and made themfelves Mafters of the Ifland in 1649. and not long after they were
ferv'd in the fame kind ; for the Spaniard judging themto be weakned by the Hollan-
ders removing from the Ifland, fet Sail thither from Porto Rico, burnt all the Houfes,
flew the Inhabitants, and brought St. Crux again under the Spanifh Government.
Mean while the Lord Poincy fitted out two Sail of French Ships, to drive the Spani-
ards from St. Crux, and fucceeded in his Enterprize; for the Spaniards immediately
fled to their Ships, left at liberty fome Holland Prifoners whom they had taken,and
the Illand in poffeffion of the French; who ftraightway fent Captain Auger thither
as
 MARTINI

©*-e7eeeu)
s72-
 a
+k

=
= ———= a andi ee. eee ee Lo i - v x -
°* = : — s a . on oe = = . Pr : ’ De oo ee, = ors :
Soue Ss a$a IE
—
SS= ae
—
SSS
— =
a = a
—-—— oe -
-— ‘i Sy ~ SS -.
ee
i
i.-; oa
‘ . so ee eee
a SePSS eee
< = ee ee =
 Chap. XVIII. AMERICA 355
as Governor, who defign’d to build a Fortto fecure the Harbor, but died before the
fame was finifh’d. Poincy fucceeding him, made an end of the Fort, and ftor’d the
Ifland with Ammunition and Provifion. The Crofs-Church built there by the Ore
der, and at the Coft of a Company of Flufhing in Holland, was deliver’d alfo to the
French. | i |
The Trees which grow here are of four beneficial Kinds, ferving for four feve- Fruit-trees.
- sal ufes ; fome yield Fruits of a-pleafant tafte, and wholfom to eat fome excellent
Medicines ; others Timber for Building ; and others Stuff to Dye with.
Granates, Oranges, Lemmons, andCitrons, gtow better here than in any place
of the World. | ee ) 7
But the Papaye-Tree is particularly worthy of our Defcription 5 Itgrows twenty The Papa:
Foot high, without Boughs, thick and ftreight, hollow and fpungy within, bears
threeecorner'd Leaves hanging on long Stalks, hollow in the middle, and of a Fin.
gers thicknefs; on the top round about the Body of the Tree, grow a fort of Fruit
like Quinces. | |
‘This fort of Papaye-Tree grows on moft of the (aribbee Iflands ; but the fecond
fort call’d Mamoa, is to be found no-where but on St. Crux; it hath more Leaves
than the firft, and a yellow Bark with: green Streaks, within full of rouad and
fharp biting Grains ; the Bloffoms thereof yield a {weet fmell; every Moneth the
Tree produces new Fruit, not unlike a Womans Breaft (whence it hath its Denos
mination as before obferv’d,) and rellifhing incomparably well,

| me Fr Gt. VII.

St. Martin:
Ot farfrom St. Crux, at eighteen Degrees and fixteen Minutes, lies St. Martin, Situationof
N which hath -feven Leagues in length and five in breadth) and is famous for
a many excellent Salt-Mines’; to preferve which, the Spaniards built a City
and Fortthere. 9°» |
Adrian Peter and Martyn Thy/zoon, fent with eleven Sail of Ships from the Texel Tie, Dura
by the We/t-India Company, to Crufe for the Spanifh Plate-Fleet before the Flemmijh |
Ifles, finding their labor loft, Steer’d tothe Inlet of Todos los Sanétos ;where finding
no Enemies Ships, they Sail’d along the Coaft of Pernambuck, and from thence
(meeting with no Prize) to the Caribbee Iflands ;and Landing on Granada, receiv’d
fome damage from the Inhabitants: thence going to'Blanca, they got:above a thous
fand Goats, and ten thoufand Lemmons from ii/paniola ;. neat Cuba: thoy.were fur:
pris'd with continual Thunder, Showers, and Storms, which fore’d them to fland
to and again off the Ifland a confiderable time, where'they thought to wait forthe
Spanifh Ships that came from Nombre de Dios , but being defeated of their aim, ‘by
reafon that Fleet was re-inforc’d with a confiderable Supply, they fee Sail Anno
1629. towards the City and Fort of St. Martin, where coming’ to an Anchor ‘they
found the Place in this condition : On the right fide of the City glides: a fréefh-
Water River,with many meandring Streams from the Mountains ; on theleft fide
the Ocean makes a great Opening or Bay,which fora little {pace growing narrow-
er,becomes at laft an Inland Lake ; from the Counttey oppofite to the City on the
other fide of the fore-mention’d Inlet, runsa Ridge of Hills toward the Sea; onthe .
utmoft Poine theredf-ftands a {quate Fort, defended from the force of the Water
} “with great Stones; pyl’d up at the Bootthereof, cover’d like a Houfe, having on the
top'ofica Watch-tower, and not far fiom ita Chappel; moreover, the Mountain
“a Bey me ann Feed LE 2st Calvaria
 Chap. XVIIL

oie M«
:
SSS.
—pe
a aes
=
a
— — . =
A sore ee
—— | eae
aw ——— — j a —- ——— wegen
—_— =
ee ris x.
te a rc
al on
ae
—— ne

At
==
ET a
- — oe
~~
—

from
Calvaria, rifes on each fide and behind the City, with high Precipices ; not far
rks,and thereon
the Mouth of the River appears a ftrong Caftle with feveral Bulwa
City
reat Guns; along the Inlet is a fair Market-place ; in the middle of the
Hofpital,
fands a Church Confecrated to Dominicus, neat which thereis a large
and
which-fronts the Sea; the Cathedral ftands at the farther end of the City,
Govers
on the declivity of 4 Mountain a fair Chappel; near the great Fort the
to any of
nor hatha pretty Palace; nor are the Francifcan Cloyfters much inferior
Form, by
the other Structures of this City, which taken altogether bears a sood
reafon of the uniformity of the Streets.
The Ifland “But Anno 1648. the Spaniard totally deferted this Iland,which Michael Adviaen{xoon
fion of it
Ruiter hearing of,brought feveral People from St.EuStathins,and took poffef
peffefs’d by
the Dutch,
the
in the Name of the States of the United Netherlands : Yet they enjoy’d not long
were
entire Propriety, for the Spaniards again went and claim’d thofe Places which
them, they
theirsupon the firft gaining of the Ifland ; which the Hollanders allowing
es, Stores
liv’d peaceably and quietly together, each having their own Church
Zealand
houfes, Land, and Negro’s. TheDutch Plantation was maintain’d by the
Lords, Lam/en,and Van Ree.
There are divers Pools of falt Water in this Ifland, which afford the Inhabitants
ftore of Fifh, and efpecially Tortoifes. Th
The Woods produce wild Hogs, Pigeons, TurtlesDoves, and Parraquito’s ree
ee
ee
all
as,:.
fembling a Parrot, and which though much {maller, are more apt to be taught.
daw,
Near the Saltspools alfe breed Birds call’d Flammans, not unlike a Jack-
‘=
>>
--
w,
=ag
le
Tece
=_
a

Flammans.

gy
a
i
: ‘lg onely differing in Feathers, for they are firft white, next ath-colour’d, and at laft
in
turn red; they feldom flye or fit alone, but for the moft part in great Flocks
under
open places, and Moorifh Grounds ; when fome of them feek for their Food
—_

Water, one of them ftands Centinel, and on the leaft noile or appearance of a Man,
; thole
gives notice by Chirping to the reft, who hereupon immediately flee away
that fhoot them liecommonly hid under an Ox Hide.
with crooked Bills,
American About the fame Pools breed likewife the American Swallows,
Swallows.
Feet like Ducks, black Bodies, white Bellies, and long Tails5. © | SECT.
: ‘¥
Chap. XVII. § AMERICA 367

n ‘mail

Si
Myih
Th }
~

a
—

Secr. VIll.
St. Bartholomew:
Ear St. Martin, at fixteen Degrees, lies the [land St. Bartholomew, which be- Sirdation id
ing about five Leaguesin circumference, is furrounded with Rocks, and ofSt.Bar
was firft Planted by De Poincy : It makes a delightful Profpect, becaufe of
the many Trees which grow on the fame ; amongft which the moft noted are the
Soap-Trees, whofe Wood makes the Water Lather, and wafhesas well as Soap ;
but they are of two forts, for in fome this foapy Quality is contain’d in a tound —
yellow Fruit, not unlike a Plumb ; in othersa white foft Root fupplies the office.
The little Tree Canopia, out of whofe Bark drops a Gum, grows alfo very pleas Thcanpis-
fant, the Body being divided into feveral Branches ; the Leaves are difcolour’d, be-
ing undernéath of adatkGreen,and of a brighter at the top ; the Flower confifts of
five Leaves,’ and:clofes at laft into akind of Cherry, full of yellow Juice, and white
Pulp ; it blofloms generally in Ofober and December, and bear ripes Berries the two
following Moneths : a Fire being made abour the Tree caufeth the Bark to crack,
whereby it yields abundance of Gum, chiefly us’d in Medicine for its opening and
loofening Quality.
Likewile the Paretuve-Tree, which grows along by the Sea-fide and by Pools, is ThePar
fufficiently remarkable, for the Boughs thereof gtow downwards, twin’d and plei-
ted together fo thick; that in time of War they ferve for Bulwarks, and arethe Re-
cefles of wild Swine.
Moreover,ion this Ifland, as on all the other hereabouts, grow Calabafh-Trees, Titel
which have thick Boughs and oval Leaves joyn'd one to another, and bear every
Moneth frefh Flowers and Fruit, grey Flowers, mark’d with green Streaks and
black Spots, and Fruit with hard Shells, full of juicy Meat and flat Seeds, which
being taken out ferve for Boxes, Cups,or little Dithes.
Along
 368 | AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.
Sea-Star.
Along the Shore is alfo found a fort of Fith call’d the Sea-Star, which is a yel-
lowifh Fith, whofe hard Skin full of little Knobs fhoot forth five Darts or Beams,
in ftormy Weather they faften themfelves to the Rocks.
Sea-Apple, No lefs wonderful is the Fith call’d the SeaeApple, whofe. brown Skin is full of
Prickles, which when the Fifh dies fall off, nothing remaining but a white Shell,
curjoufly embroider’d with little Holes.
On the Banks, and near the Rocks, grow alfo Sea-Trees, whofe thickeft Boughs
putting forch ftill leffer and leffer Branches, are pleited together very wonderfully,
and being all glaz’d as it were with Salt-petre, feem greyifh. |

Siz-o*r. : TAR

- Barboude. |
Situation of Arbouthos, which fome call Barboude, others Barbada, being five Leagues in
Barbouthos.
B length, lies at feventeen Degrees and thirty PAinneess and North-Eaft from
Monferrat, in a {hallow Sea.
Englifh mo- Here the Englifh Planting, have from their firft Arrival been ian molefted by
Jetted by the
Carthbeeans, the (aribbecans of Dominico, who for a great while us’d twice a year to Invade them
in the Night, killing and deftroying whom and whatfoe’re they met with, onely
Women and Children, with fome other Booty, they carried to Dominico.

S ECT. fe

-Rotonda.
: ' Tf
;

;
-
Situation of a [“He Ifle Rotonda, which. is much leffer, hath receiv'd that Denomination
j ’ Rete naa.
: 7
from its round Form, for it rifes in the:middle into a Hill, which at a
:
i
:
i diftance appears like a Steeple; It lies at feventeen’ Degrees awd ten Mi-
‘nutes. The Seaabout the fame being very deep, makes a good isi to the Ifland
;
-

’ : ‘ -with Ships.
ak}

7 1
+
~ {

:
Srcr. XI ai
4 '

Nevis. .
7

} i ;
' -
- ;'
: - N Lf

IN fight of Rotonda; at feventeen Dégrets and nineteen Minutes, lies Nevis, which
. if
+) ‘
‘ Situation of
:’ , Nevis,
| hath fix Leagues in circumference. Out of the middle-of the Ifland: rifesa
'*}) A
:Pe:

‘ Mountain all over wooddy ;round about which the Englifh, who Setled there
Anno 1628. have their:Plantations, and have increafed from a {mall number to
:
‘
j
-
above three thoufand, and make a good Advantage of their Sugar, Ginger, Cot-
ton, and Tobacco, which they Plant there.
|
Ry :

,
4
;
:
f
Goed Go-
vernment. of
They are Govern d by a peculiar Governor and a Council, who punifh Thieves,
thie Enghifh
ther
and all manner of Debofhes very feverely. fs
There are alfo three Churches, which on the SabbathsDay are all thedag d with
People, who refort thither for the Worthip and Service of God.
The Harbor call’d Bath»Bay, and the Store-houle built by the fame, are fee
red by a great Fort full of @reat Guns,
Several Springs on this Ifland afford the Inhabitants MF Water. Here is alfo
a Mineral Spring, a place to Bathe in, which hath been found to cure the fame Di-
ftem pers which the Waters at Bourbon have done. 7
Moreover,
 - <

Chay XVIk AMER DCL 359

Moreover, this Ifland abounds with the Pitdcie or Piftick-Nuts, which grow on The Pick
fmall Frees, with foft long Leavés, round at bottom,and ending in three Points :
Thefe Trees being commonly full of thick Boughs, ferve commedioufly for
Hedges ;the Wood and Leaves fweat a milky Juice, dropping out of the fame with
the Rain; the yellow Flowers which grow on the fame are like glittering Stats,
and the tafte of the Nuts like a Hazle, but if the Skin which covers che Kernel
be not, pull’d off before they are eaten, they purge to Death: ud
But the great’Profit which Nevis receives by Nature is attended with (ome In: cagei
: 85 which trouble this and all the other Iflands: amongft many may be
© Mufticho’s; a fortof little Bugs, whofe poyfonous Sting caufes fuch in-
tolerable Itching, thar thofe who are ftung by them cannot forbear to (cratch them-
felves till the Blood.comes, by which their Sores feftering, prove often very dans
gerous, | | Lei
Alfo the Muringoms, who are fo much the le{s dangerous, becatifethey make al- T
ways a great noife before they fting. 7
Wafps likewife are here very troublefom, |but their Stings are cur’d with Rue,
as the Stings of Scorpions are with the Juice prefs’d outof the fame Animal.
» The Wood-Lice, which are here in great abundance, have a foftand white Bo+ Wot tie-
dy, onely the Head, which is mark’d with a black Speck, their Mouthes are fo
very hard, that in two hours time they eat through thick Chefts. And no lefs da- .
mage do the Bayettos. | |
‘Butthe Chigos are a kind of {mall Fleas,that breed in Duft, Afhes,and the like,and tis
are of all the moft pernicious ; they firft get in under the Nails of the Toes, and
from thence run over allthe Body, but efpecially the bottoms of the Feet, where
they firft,occafion an Itching, and then eat Holes through the Skin, they make Bli-
~~
fters as big as Peafe in the Flefh, wherein a fwarm of young ones breeding, caufe
Ulcers and rotten Flefh, which miuft be eaten’ away with Aqua-fortis and burnt
Allom. . } bod ony

Sect. Xi oo) c

Euftathius.
|Rigen is fathér a Moiintain, ‘rifing out of the Ocean like 4 sugar- sig
"-* Loaf, than an Ifland, lies.at feventeen Degrees and forty Minutes: Ic hath
“ {carce five Leagues in.circumference, yet receiv'd {ome while fince a Colo»
ny of above fixteen hundred People, {ent thither from the States of the United Nes
therlands, under the Command of the Lords Lampfen and Ree. Befides the natural
Strength of the Place, whereby a féw are able to keep off a great number, it is for-
tif'd with a ftrong Fort, which Commands the Harbor. The Inhabitants are very
induftrious, and make great profit of the Tobacco which they Plant.
In the midft of this Ifland is 2 Mountain over-grown with Trees, which feems
to endin a Point, and hath about it a pleafant Plain. |
The abundance of Fowls, Hogs and Goats, afford the Inhabitants ftore of Pro-
vifions ;for their Store-houfes are never fo empty, but that they can fupply their —
Neighbors Wants. seit fs a 7
_ The want of freth-water Brooks they fupply with fain-water, which they pre-
ferve in Cifterns. | | 1% 2¢(90 :
Though the Air of the Ifland be wholfom, andthe Soil fruitful, yet itis fubject
fo many great Inconveniences; for befides the terrible Thander-claps and Earth-
, Na | ~ quakes,
 . . « ™e « _ “rales

ers

379 AME RICA. Chap. XVII,

Terrible
Hurricanes.
ai aheds that rendthe Ground, the Inhabitants are exceedingly troubled in Auguft,
and September with the Winds, which in twenty four hours blow from all Points of
the Compafs with fuch mighty Gufts, as if they would turn all things into their
firft Chaos. The Caribbeeans callthefe Tempeits Hurricanes, which formerly us’d to
happen but once in feven years, but of late every two years, and fométimes twice
inayear. What damage thefe Winds caufe is {carce to be exprefs’d; the Sea raj-
fing its turbulent Waves upto the Skyes, caftsthe Ships onthe Shote, whieh though
in Harbor, are certain to be wrack’d, whileftthe Land feems to labor under a ge-
neral Ruine, whole Woods being rooted up by the fame, or at leaft bereav’d of
Boughs and Leaves ;the Corn is beaten down, ‘the Plants blafted, Houfes turn’d
topfie-turvy, Mosintaints rent afunder, and fometimes pieces of Rocks blown intro
the Sea. Before the Hurricanes there are feveral fore-runners, which give notice of
their {udden approach, viz, the Sea on a fudden is fo calm, that the leaft motion ’is
not perceiv'd; the Birds flye from the Mountains into the Valleys, where they
lay Hicfalelves flat on the Ground ; and the Rain which fallsis bitter and falt.
Charles de Rochfort obferv’d, chatin his'titne fome Ships laden with Tobacco be-
ing loft in a Hurricane bebo St. Chriftophers, foon after the Tempeft ceafed, thous
fands of Fifhes were feen fwimming with their Bellies apwards, intoxicated no
doubt with the Tobacco.
Sect. XII.

FLntego,
Situation of
Antego,
rs Nevis and Monsferrat; at fixteen Degrees and dina Mieies lies
Antego, being {even Leagues long, and about fix broads ‘Te is dangerous to
" ‘come at with great Ships, becaufe of the many Rocks which lie before it,
and remain’d the longer uninhabited, becaufe of the want of frefh Water; yet at
laft the Englifh taking poffeffion of it, liged Pits, and made Troughs to catch and
preferve Rain-water in, fo that it is now inhabited by at leaft eight hundred Peo-
pie, who live on Plants, Venifon, and Fifh. |
The Sword-
Fifh,
Upon the Sea-fhore appears often-times the Sword-fifh, which hath no Scales,
but a grey Skin, and white Belly, rough like a Fyle, a flat Head, two Fins on each
fide, two on the Back, and one in ftead of a Tail, with which it makes a fwitt mi |
tion : the Sword of it is'a long Bone, arm’d on each fide with ewenty. feven:| 7h
and ftrong Teeth. This Fifh ftriving, tobe Chief of the Sea, Encounters with a
zs other Fifhes whatfoever, even with the Whale himfelf, whofe Belly he often rends
open; neat his Eyes are, two Noftrils, out of which he blows the Water he ssn
«*
+
x“<
:* into the Aire
~ —se
+7=> ‘-a
—=
-

SecT» xIV.
om7

eh
le
.—
a

ton
*
Montferrat.
Qasferre, iyingjuft.at the feventeenth Denil is. s fo call’desim 2Spi
pega
nt
tO
yg
“i
=az
:“+ --.
Defcription
"of AMontfer-'
rat, Hill beyond Barcellona, whofe fhape this Ifland reprefents off'at Sea; It is
about three Leagugs in length, and almoft as much in breadth, andis
very Mountainous, except a little towards the Eaft, and as much Weltward. |
_ The Englifh havea Church here, iln’din the inefide: with Cedar, which this
Ifland produces in great ebiindatiers
| Alfo
Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 4. 371
Alfo the Acajou-Tree, which grows an exceeding heighth, with mighty Boughs, TheAion
under which many judge it very wholfomto fleep: But there are two forts of the
Acajou-Tree, the one differing from the other in tallnels of Body and Colour; of
which the moft efteem’d is the red and {weet-fmelling, which is not fubjed& to any
decay;for that which is white, and yields Gum when cut, is of a lefs value.
The Avomar
The Acomas is alfo no way iaferior’3in bignefs to the Acajou, which bears long 7H,
fwarthy Leaves, and yellow Fruit not unlike a Plumb; but becaufe of their extras
otdinary bitternefs they are not eatable, onely the eiitd Pigeons at a certain time
dfthe year feed on them, after which their Flefh becomes bitter alfo , from the
Bark when cut, runs a shilky Juice.
The Cyprefs-Trees when plan’d, yield a pleafant Marble colour tothe Eye, and7e0r"
a delightful fragrance to the Scent.
The Iron-Tree, with fharp-pointed Leaves, crack’d near the Stalk, bloffomsin 7%."
March and September, after the Violet Bloffors follow a black kind affFruit like a
Cherry, being an excellent Food for Birds; the Wood whilft flourifhing is red,
but cut down:changes its colour, yet is fo hatd that it never decays.
Moreover the Musk-Herb yields a fweet{mell, and grows like Brambles with- TheMuske
out Thorns ;between long dusky Leaves hang Jellow Flowers, which afterwards
become Cods full of Seeds, that fmell exaély like Musk.

S Ec T. XV.

Guadalupe.
Waele, or Gardelupe, formerly call’d Carricneira, lying at about fixteen De- situaionof
C3 grees, and containing fixty Leagues in circumference (for it is the biggeft me
and nobleft of the (aribbee Iflands,) is divided in two by a narrow Chan-
nel; wherefore one part is call’d Grand-Terre, and the other properly Guadalupe,
| Ghote Eaftern Point, nam’d Cabes-Terre, andi its Weltern, call’ d Baffe-Terre, are Both
inhabited by the Frevich.
- Several high Mountains, efpecially towards the Center, ftart up from very low Mountains
Grounds, with their ers Crowns towards the Skye, faite whereof are overs
grown with Trees.
At the Feet of fome of the Mountains are large Plains, water’d by {weet
Streams which formerly invited the Spani/h Fleets thither to ebsites:
There is alfo a fulphurous Mountain, which fmoaking continually gives the
tafte of Sulphur tothe Streams which flow about the fame.
This Ifland boafts likewife feveral boyling 2 lelwhich cure the Dropfie, and
all other Diftempers proceeding from Colds.
Towards each.of the two fore-mention’d Points, are large Gulphs that produce strange Fit
abundance of Tortoifes, and all manner ofFifh, and amongft others one fort not
known by Name, which is generally about four Foot long, having a fharp and big
Head, with glittering Eyes, a Back ftreak’d with blue and green, anda Belly half . ~
white and half red, eight yellow Fins, and abroad Tail, with which it {wims ex-
ceeding {wift.
Near the Shore fwim the Sharks, an ugly Sea Monfter, which bites 2 Man afun- ™ beapis
der in the Middle at once; their Head is hard and pefckly, their flac Mouthes opens
ing difcover three rows aFTeeth.
After this Fith {wims generally the Pilot-Fifh, or Rambos, which is fo curioufly fie"
fpeckled, that Nature feems herein to excell orfae.-ever can be reprefented by ‘the
Nn 2 artificial
 1? » . _= a = -~

37% AMERICA. Chap. XVIII. —

artificial Pencil) and move either {wifter or flower, according as the Shark
leads,
- The Brain of this Fith is judg’d exceeding good againft the Gravel and Stone.
ris Guadalupe was firft dif{cover’d in the Year of our Lord 1635. by the French, under
the Command of the Lords Du Phefsis and De Olive, and after them one of the Cap-
tains of St. Chriftopbers : Since which the Champain Ground being Till’d and Ma-
nur’d, brings forth in great plenty, Rice, Maiz, Manicock, and Potato’s.
Father Raymond Breton got poficfion of the fruitfulleft part of the’ Ifland for the
Reformed facobines, or White-Fryers; and fince the prefent. Governor Monfieur De
Howell {ent alfo for the Fefuits and Carmelites,to build Cloyfters in a new City, which
lies in Baffe-Terre, and which is alfo built full of Storeehonfes and Dwelling-houfes
two Stories high. 3 heh
The Caftle, which lies near the City, hath four Bulwarks, with great Guns.
The next neighboring Mountain is alfo crown’d with a Garrifon’d Fort.
Ths sow The Countrey hereabouts bears Moubane-Trees, which produce yellow oval
~ Plumbs with great Stones, wherewith the Hogs are exceedingly fatned..| _
The Gorbary, "The Corbary, which grows higher than the Moubane, hatha hard fhelly Fruit, in
which liesa douny Pulp of \a Saffron colour: The Gum’ which drops out of the
Tree is hardned by the Sun, and becomes very clear, wherefore the Caribbeeans
make ufe of it for Arm-rings, and other Ornaments, Jas

Secr. XVI.

Defeado.
Station of Bye Leagues to the North-Weft of Guadalupe, and at fixteen Degrees and
ten
é Minutes, appears Defeado, or Defirado, like a Galley, of which the North-
Eaft end hath alow Point, to the'Northward lie Sand-Hills fullof red
Veins: It was fo call’d by Chrifopher Columbus in his fecond Voyage, from obtain-
ing of his Defire, it being the firft of the Caribbees which he difcover’d, as St. Salva-
dor the firft Land in all America. ; a |
akeGraw. "The Soil is wholly barren, and deftitute of Trees, and breeds the amphib
ious
- Creaturescall’d Guano’s, which in ftead of Fins to fwim withal, have four Feer ,
the biggeft of them are fifteen Inches long ; their Skin full of little Scales fhines
like Silver, and in the Night they make a loud and fhrill noife from the Holes
in
the Rocks. | Basler | | tind

The Frigates’ On this defolate Ifland are an innumerable company of Fowls, call’d Frigates,
which have a Body like a Duck, but larger Wings, and flye fwifter ; fo foon as they
perceivea Fifh in the Water, they falling upon the fame, catch them in theit Claws,
and efpecially devour abundance of flying Fith. | tye }
The Faw) But the Fauves, which are much leaner, are no way fo {wift., they refemble
a
Moor-Hen, have Feet like Ducks, Bills like a Snipe, and in rainy Nights reft on
the Ships in ftead of Rocks, fo that many times they become an eafie prey to the
Mariners. | | |
SE % T XVIL

_ Marigalante,
Situation of N: far from hence, at fifteen Degrees and forty Minutes, appears Marigalante,
Marigalante,
like a Wood in the Water.
On the South-Eaft fide, about half a League from the Shore, lie black
Stones’
Chap. XVII AMERICA, ; 373
full-of white Specks. Wefterly the Shore is vety plain, whither che Governor |
Monfieur De Howell fent fome People from that Ifland, of which twenty were
kill’d by the Caribbeeans, who had Gardens and Fifh-ponds thereon : Not long afs
ter which Howell built a Fort here, and Garrifon’d the fame with Frenchemen.
The Woods afford a delightful fight to the Eye, asalfo the Cinamon-Trees,
whole Leaves never wither, a {weet {mell to the Nofe.
The Ocean hereabouts produces plenty of Lamantins, which are dry’d_ like Hae the Fim raz
berdine. This Fifh grows eighteen Foot long and fark thick ;the Head thereof is mi
like a Cows, with little Eyes, and a thick brown Skin, rough and {peckled in fome
places, and hath two little Feet in ftead of Fins; it feeds on Weeds, which grow on
the Rocks and Banks; the Females bring two young ones at atime, which tick for
fome days; their Fleth palatable and wholfom, is ftreak’d with Fat, which when
melted never putrifies ; they are oftner taken in the Mouthes of Rivers than in the
Ocean.
About this Ifle, as well as the reft of the Caribbees, are Fifhes call’d Sea-Devils, The Sea-De-
four Foot long, and proportionably thick, their es rough, their Heads flat, their
Backs arm’d with Prickles, little black Eyes, wide Mouthes full of Teeth, and two
Tusks that ftick out of the fame, four Fins, a long flit Tail, with which they {wim
exceeding {wift, above their Eyes ftick broad fharp Horns curn’d towards the Back;
the Flefh is deadly poyfon.
The Becune, which is eight Foot long, fallsupon a Fifh like a mad Dog, biting rhe asa:
great pieces ofthe Flefh out of the Body, which occafions prefent Death; its Fleth
is likewife poyfon.

Secor. XVIII.
‘Todos Sanctos.
Outhward from Guadalupe, and at the fame Latitude with Marigalante, lie four Situation of
S defolate Ifles, call’d Todos Sanétos, and on their Shores a fort of Shell-fith call’d -tiny:
Lambis, from the refemblance of:a Tongue; the Shells whereof the Indians Curious tors
Sound in ftead of Horns when they give an Alarm; asalfo another fort call’d Por. ivan
celenes, of which the moft efteem’d are without of a Carnation, and within of a
Silver, or Skye-colour mix’d with Golden Beams. Thenext arethe Black, mix’d
with a pale Blue, andlittle Veins. But the moft remarkable Shells are thofe, whofe
Back Nature hath mark’d in fuch a manner with Mufical Notes, that one might
almoft exprefs a Tune by them.
Moreover, it would amaze the Beholder, to fee the Mothersof-Pearl Oyfter mos Mater-of
ving at the Foot of a Rock; for at the Rifing of the Sun they appear above the Wa. fx.
ter, and gape for the Dew, ‘of which they have no fooner receiv'd a Drop, but they
clofe their Shells, and fall to the Ground again.
s

SecrT. XIX.

De Aves.
Eftward from Todos Santbos, at fifteen Degrees and forty five Minutes, Sitanrion of
| lies the Ifle De Aves.
Befides Ducks, Pluvers, Moor-hens, Geefe, and the like Fowls
(that fuffer teonmlelaceto be catch’d by she Hands of Men, which are very ftrange
Nn 3 to
 ~

374. | AMERICA. _ Chap. XVIII.

tothem) there are here alfo many rare forts of Birds, as the white Birds call’d
A igrettos. Aigrettos, which are fomewhat bigger than Crows, with red Bills and Feer, and
curious Plumes on their Heads, they often flye a great way off at Sea.
Craw-fowl, The large Bird call’d The Craw-fowl, which feeds on Fifh, hath a thick Head, a
long flat Bill, hollow Eyes, and a fhort Neck, under which hangs the Maw, big
enough to contain a Pail full of Water: On the Trees along the Seaefide they
watch for Fifh which {wim near the top of the Water, and by their attentivene({s on
their Prey, are eafily fhot themfelves. ' | De: |
Here is likewile the Bird Arras, of the bignefs of a Pheafant, but more refem-
bling a Parraquito: their long Tail confifts of divers colour’d Feathers, fome
have fhining skye-colour’d Heads, Backs, and Necks, their Bellies and Wings of a
pale Yellow they are fo ftout, or rather fo fimple, that if they are not hit with the
firft Shot, they will ftay fora fecond: They alfo learn to talk, but not fo di-
ftinétly as the Canides, which are no way inferior in beauty.
to the Arras,.nay exceed
them very much: Monfieur da Montell above mention’d, feeing one.at Coraffap, de-
{cribes it after chis manner : | |
Defcription
of the Canin
‘* It deferves to be numbred (faith he) amongft the moft beautiful Birds in the
aes.
‘‘ World: I took fo particular notice of it, having had of them in my Hands ma-
“ ny times, that I have the Idea’s of it ftill frefh in my Memory. Under the Belly,
“ Wings, and Neck, it was of a waving Aurora-colour, the Back, and one half of
‘‘the Wings, of a very bright Skye-colour, the Tail and, greater Feathers of the
“* Wings were mix'd witha {parkling Carnation, diverfifi'd with a Skye-colour,
‘as upon the Back a Grafs-green and fhining Black, which very much added to
** the Gold and Azure of the other Plumage: But the moft beautiful part was the
“ Head, cover’d with a Murrey Doun, checquer’d with Green, Yellow, and a pale
“Blue, which reach’d down wavingly to the Back: The Eye-lids were white,
“and the Apple of the Eye yellow and redas a Ruby Set in Gold: It had upon
“ the Head a certain Tuft or Cap of Feathers of a Vermilion Red, fparkling like a
“* lighted Coal, which was encompals’d by feveral other leffer Feathers of a Pearl.
“¢ colour. | |
“ If ic were recommendable for all thefe extraordinary Ornaments, it was much
“‘.more for its Familiarity and Innocency ; for though it had:a crooked Beak, and
“that the Claws with which it held ics Meat and brought it to its Beak, were fo
** fharp as to take away whatfoever it faftned upon, yet was it fo tame as to play
“¢ with little Children and never hurt them;and when one took him into his Hand,
« he fo contracted his Claws, thatthe fharpnefs of them could not be felt : He had
“this Quality of a Dog, That he would Lick with his fhort and thick Tongue
“ thofe who made much of him and gave him fomething he lik’d, put his Head to
“‘ their Cheeks to Kifs and Carefs them, and expreffing his Acknowledgments by
‘‘ a thoufand pretty Infinuations, he would fuffer himfelf to be put into what po-
“ fture one would, and took a certain pleafure in diverting thofe he thought his
«Friends: But as he was mild and traétable to thofe who were kind to him, fo
«was he mifchievous and irreconcileable to fuch as had injur’d him, and he could
“‘diftinguifh them from others, and make them feel the fharpnefs of his Beak
“¢ and Claws. |
“ He pratled in the Dutch,Spanifh,and Indian Languages, and in the laft he fung Airs
“as anatural Indian: He alfo imitated the Cries of all forts of Poulcrey and other -
“* Creatures about the Houfe ; he call’d all his Friends by their Names and Sir-
“names, flew tothem as foon as he faw them, efpecially when he was hungry ; if
“they had been abfent, and that he had not feen them along time, he exprefs’d
he ‘¢ his
 Chap: XVIII. AMERICA 37%
“his joy at their return by certain metry Notes; when he had {ported himfel
“‘ they were weary of him, he went away, and perch’d himfel f till
f on the top of the
‘¢ Houle, and there he talk’d, fung, and play’d a thoufand tricks, laying his
Fea-
‘ thers in order, and drefling and cleaning himfelf with his Beak. He was eafily
“kept; for not onely the Bread commonly us’d in that land, but all the Fruits
< and Roots growing there, were his ordinary Food ; and
when he had more gi-
«¢ yen him than he needed, he carefully laid up the remainder under
the Leaves
“ wherewith the Houfe was cover’d, and took it when he had need. Ina word,
I
‘« never faw a more loving or more amiable Bird ; “twas a Prefent for any Prince,
‘¢ if-he could have been brought over the Seas This Bird had been brought from
“ the Caribbee Mlands to Monfieur Rodenborck, then Governor of the Fort and Dutch
¢ Colony, which is in the Ifland of Coraffao. | *
*

Smee KK:
Dominico,
: T fifteen Degrees and thirteen Minutes, lies the Ifland Dominico,fo call’d bee Situation of
caufe it was difcover’d on a Sunday, about
thirty Leagues long,+and not
-

much lefs in breadth, and diverfifi’d with

highMountains, and exceeding
deep Valleys ; of which the Caribbeeans that dwell
there relate, That formerly in
one of the deepeft of them, a huge and monftrous Serpent had an Army of Ser-
. pents to defend an invaluable Carbuncle which he had in his Head ; which b
ein
cover'd with a thin Skin, was onely difcernable whenhe drank or play’d, for then, :
the luftre thereof lightned the whole Valley.
When firft the French approach’d this Coaft with their Ships, the Iflanders go-
ing Aboard in their Canoos, barter'd Provifions for Coral , Cryftal, and other
Trifles. ik h |
_ On this Ifle alfo grows the famous Manchenileree, -T which bears long Leaves, The Maenhe:
and {weet fmelling Fruit, ftreak’d red, and tafting like a Hazle-Nut, but bringing nile Tree,
a deadly Sleep upon thofe that eat of it; it feldom rots though it fall into the Sea,
or any frefh Rivers, but is crufted over with a Shell refembling Salt-petre, and poy-
fons the Water in fuch a manner, that all the Fith dying, are {een floating upon it ;
in the Trunk and Boughs thereof is a milky Juice, which dropping upon the Body,
caufes it to break out in Scabs, and if it chances to touch the Eyes, ittakes away the
Sight for nine days: and not lefs hurtful is the Moifture which drops from the
Tree.
The Caribbeeans dip their Arrows in this poyfonous Juice, againft which Nature
hath provided an excellent Medicine, being as followeth :
There are amongft the other Reptiles of America a fort of Snails, which creep A Medicine
into the Legs of dead Crabs, to keep themfelves from the Weather ; when taken Perfo he
they makea noife, and being laid before the Fire they come forth; the Water rene
{queez'd out of them, or the Oyl drawn from them’
by the Sun, cures the Parts
poyfon’d by the Manchenile-Tree.

SECT.
 ~~

AMERICA. Chap. XVIIL.

Sect. XXI. |

Martinico.

Situation of Cries to Dominico lies Martinico, bythe Indians nam’d Matunina, which
Martinice. lying at fourteen Degrees and thirty Scruples, is forty five Leagues in
likethree Mountains, the higheft”
circumference ; It appears at a diftance
whereof refembles a Hat, and is feen in all parts of the Hland, which, on the North
where three Rocks deny accefs for Landing, feems'to be divided into three Ifles.this
el
to s,
furre nder up
_. The (aribbeeans have been forc’d, after many bloody Batt
Ifland to the French: But before they were well fetled, the Caribbeeans marching _
over exceeding high Mountains, deep Concavities, and thick Woods, fell upon
them with all the Rage imaginable: the Reafons of which fome attribute to Du
h:men over to Gra-
Parquet, who in prejudice of the Martinican Caribbeeans, {ent Frenc
nadaand Alouzia : others {uppofe, that they took up Arms to revenge the Deat h of
deftr oy'd by’ the Frenc h with poyfon'd
who were
: their Countrey-men on St. Vincent,
Brandy. But the French furnifh’d with new Supplies, took fufficient Revenge;
¢ i
>

j
.

for theyedrove the (aribbeeans out of their Houfes, and chac’d them into Woods
|
4 :
.
:
}
a
t

and Deferts. | |
ii

The Hills that are over-grown with Trees, are Receptacles for wild Beafts,
-

7
*

efpecially Hogs and Serpents. The other Hills are Till’d and Sow’n, though not
'

| piace
: i he

without great trouble. |

:

vo

4» The Tobacco which grows on the fteep Afcénts much exceeds that which grows
{
4
’

~ in the Valleys, or in the Traéts of Land fhaded with Trees.

;
: 1 +
|
7 |
\

"The Itand Since the French, Anno 1635. (being fent-from St. Chriftophers by the Lord De/-
Ww '
ra
ay
“

fie Wards nambuc) Setled themfelves on this Ifland, under the Command of his Deputy Da
’ Bea ’

; :

:
’

h
\ Pont, they divided it into five Wards, feparated from that part of the Ifle which
was inhabited by the antient- Natives: Each Ward hath a Church, or at leaft a
>}
re (\S

4
+
?
- Chappel, Atmory, Store-houfes, and Dwelling-houfes, like an intire Village.
The firft Ward is call’d Pyloot, from a Caribbeean Captain, who was very familiar
:
i ace
: ey

| Wis
:
:

4
'
'
with Du Parguet, and inform’d him of his Peoples Defigns. Ls ‘

* ‘The fecond, nam’d Capot, is wafh’d by a River of the fame Denomination, and
; ¢ ;
+
; ;
;

:
ey
yt
f
q -
hath many fruitful Plains. | Waters
The third retains the Caribbeean Name, being Carbet, fignifying a Publick Stru=
‘ v4 ;
4 :
; . 44

. ey
ture, to which they us’d to refortto Feaft, or hold Councils of War ; not far from
ay, ; <
| ‘
: ah

:
4
l
if
a which the Governor dwelt in a Stone Houfe : Near the Harbor ftood alfo an Are
Be: '
mory ina Valley, water’d by a frefh River which falls out of the Mountains,fhaded
1 ’ with Trees and Gardens full of Rarities: But fincethe Governor gave this and
many other, fair Buildings to the Jefuits; he remov’d to the fourth Ward, call’d
5

St. Peter; where he built a Caftle, and furnifh’d the fame with Brafs and Iron Guns
SO ee

: 4 .
y
4
,
’
7
uv
U
to defend the Harbor. 4
A Stones-throw from the Governor’s Houfe lies the Fefuits Cloyfter, onthe
;? :
f L* -
,' sta
: ’

Banks of a pleafant Stream, built very artificially of Marble and Free-ftone, and
i
:
)

having a pleafant Profpect over the River, and adjacent Gardens, beautifi’d with
-

the choiceft of Flowers, Fruits, and Trees’; and alfo a Vineyard, out of which they
prefs a confiderable quantity of Wine. rats, 3 |
The laft Ward, call’d Preacheur extends Eaft and Weft, fome parts whereof fwell
into high Mountains, at the Feet whereof ftand fair Structures ; others fink into
low Valleys or Savannas. its
‘Between
 g The Afahor-
Tree,

ry
fret land. <..

>

——
pa

—
=
=

——

.
eo

aa / . Rocks
geeeet |Fee eeteese

Sitwation’of
SP. Lucia,

BARBADOS.
DESCRIPTIO
per - ‘

JOHANNEM OGILUIUM.

ia
uct,i
a
Mil
 —
ee ee
 - .

Chas, XVIII. AMERICA. 77

Between the French Settlements and the Caribbeeans runs an
Arm of the Sea, along Tissaber.
whofe Shores grows abundance of the Mahot:Tree, which
is full of Boughs from om
the top down to the Ground. The Bark ofthis Tree ferves in ftead
of Ropes,and is
alfo us'd to ticup Tobacco, the Wood it felf is durable, and
good for Building,
wherefore moft of the Houfes built on Hills are of this Timber.
_\ The beft Harbor for Ships is between the Wards Carbet'and
St. Peter, defended
from the Winds by high Hills. | |
Not far from the Inlet of the Salt-pits, appears about half a
League off at Sea, a The Dio:
Rock call’d The Diamond; being a Receptacle for an innumerabl
e multitude of Birds;
and efpeci ally wild Pigeons.
7
Befides the Streams that in the rainy Seafons run
through the Dales and Sv
vana’s, there are ten Rivers, which falling from the Mount
ains, glide through the
Valleys into the Sea. Sometimes they {well in fuch a manner,
that over-flowing
their Banks, they wafh down the Trees and Houfes
; which Inconvenience hath
taughe theFrench to build their Houfes on Hills or rifing Grounds,
. The good Situation of this Ifland hath invited many Famili
es thither ,

SE 1.’ XM

St. Lucia.
T. Lucia (by the French, Alouzie) is fo call’d beca
ufe it was difcover’d on the Situation'of
S thirteenth of December, Dedicated inthe Kalendar
to the Virgin Martyr Lucia, . Lecta,
who was burnt at Syracufe : It lies Southerly from Dominico at
thirteen De.
grees and forty Minutes, and is ken’d ata great diftance
by two fiery Mountains ;
the moft Eafterly of which is higher than the other.
At the Feet of thefe two Mountains lie pleafant Valleys,
fhadow’d by clofe
Woods, and moiftned by clear Springs ;near which heretofore
a {mall number of
Caribbeeans dwelling, maintain’d themfelves with
Fifhing , they went ftark
naked,
and painted their Bodies with red Oker, and drew a
Vermilion Stroke from their
Ears to theit Nofes. |
An Englifh Ship fent to Guinee to fupply the Plantations
there, Landed fixty fix
mutinous Perfons here, who were all kill’d by the Inhabita
nts ; but when Henry
Facobfon Lucifer putting into the Bay of Lucia to Water ther
e, Anno 1627. Landed to
difcoyer the Ifland, he found neither Man nor Houfe, nor
any thing but a barren
Soil , yet notwithftanding Du Parquet {ent his Deputy Roffe
lan with a Colony to
- Plant inthis Ifland.

Sect. XXIII.

Barbados.
He Ifland Barbados, which was Planted by the Englifh,. Anno 1627. lies bes Siruaion’of
tween thirteen and fourteen Degrees, and hath twenty five Leagues
in |
citcumference,and fomewhat more in length than breadth,
and is fupply’d
‘with a frefh-Water River, and feveral Pools. The Ground being fruicful in the
producing of Tobaceo, Cotton, Ginger, and efpecially Sugar, invited many
Peos
ple to Settle there, infomuch that in a fhort time
it could fhew twenty thoufand
_ Inhabitants befides Negro Slaves. : ;
_ The Trees which grow on this Ifland, arenot onely
delightful, but profitable :
amongft
 AMERICA. Chap. XVII
amongft which the Reucen is one, with fhasp Leaves, white Carnation Flowers
turn
like Stars, which hang by Clufters at the end of the Boughs, and after 2 while
to a Cod full of vermilion Kernels: The Juice dry’d in the Sun and kneaded into
and
Balls, is of agreat value. Of the Bark of this Tree they make ffrong Ropes;
| part We
the Root is very wholfom, and ofapleafant tafte.
worthy
The Fly Ca- Moreover, amongft the Infeéts that breed here, there are a fort of Flyes
s
of a fhort Defcription ; the Caribbeeans call them Cayouyou, being about the bignef
jyouyon,

they ne-
a.

ofa Beetle ; they havetwo ftrong Wings, and under them thinner, which
ver {pread abroad but when they flye, and then they carry fuch a luftre in them,
+——
pe
~~
that they give as much Light in the Night asa lighted Candle, (their Eyes alfo
at the {aime time glittering like Fire) making no moife: when they flye ; they
feed on the Juice of Flowers, and are fo {mooth, that they are very-apt'to flip
through ones Fingers, and when they find themfelves tobe taken, they hide:their
4 4--

bs “ges |
glittering Wings under the other.
hdi ty
nd “=
~.i
-i
ane
=
*>|
ee
—
- :

The Indians tie thefe Flies to their Hands and Feet, fo to haveche benefit of their
Light in the: Night ;and anoint their Bodies all over (at certain Solemnities wheres
them
in Candles are forbidden ).with the Juice {queez'd out ofthem, which caufes
rere
2+,
oS

to fhine like a Flame of Fite: They catch them’with a pieceofWood which they
move in the Air, whereupon the Flyes going to fit, are taken with a Hat ; but their
Light vanifhes if they are kill'd. Oe
the
But as to what may farther be added concerning this Ifland, being one of
chief of our Plantations, we cannot better fatisfiethe curiofity of thofe who defire a
true Information of all things that concern that Place, than by inferting verbatima
Letter from an intelligent Perfon who hath been long refident there, viz» Colonel
Robert Rich, of no older Date than May 31. 1670. by which the prefent State and
Condition of the Ifland, the Buildings and other Improvements made there by the
Planters fince they firft poflefs'd ir, in what Commodities of the Growth of the
Countrey their chief Trade confifts, their Strength, Militia, Government, and flou-
rifhing Commerce, and what-ever elfe is materialtobe imparted, may be clearly
underftood. | | prt 16

SIR, ;
» Colonel Rich
his Defcrip-
i Have lately feen your Propofal concerning an Englifh Atlas, and having read Dr. Hey-
tion of the lin’s Book of the Chorography and Eiiftory of ihe whole World, his third Edition (orretted
and Enlarged, Printed Anno 1666. I find him-very fhort and erroneous in bis Defcription of
Barbados.

the Caribbee Iflands, ¢fpecially of this Ifland of Barbados, wherein I bave been an Inhabi
tant more than eleven years. Fie faith, .
1. The Ifland is feventeen or eighteen Miles in compals.
2. On the South ’tis furnith’d witha large and commodious Harbor.
3. The chief Commodities are Tobacco, and a kind of courfeSugar, call’d Bar-
bados Sugar, which muft be quickly {pent, or’twill melt to nothing.
‘4. That this Ifland is worth all the Plantations made by the Englifh, and yet that
we hold it at the Courtefie of the Spaniard, without whole Leave and Liking,
not of Forceto hold it. ,
This Defcription of Dr. Heylin’s, init felf very falfe, is alfo much to the Difhonor of the
ba-
Englifh Nation, which makes me prefume to trouble you with my own Obfervations , wherein
wy
ving onely aim’d at the Truth, you fhall not have canfeto doubt ofbeing mifguided.
This Iftand of Barbados is feated in thirteen Degrees and twenty Minutes, im length twenty
two Miles, and in breadth fourteen and an half; It ts naturally fortifi'd with Rocks and Shoals
on the North and Ea/t fide of it, where no Ship may fafely Anchor, onely, in tho or three pe
, | Jmal
 ~

Chap. XVIII. AMERICA. | 379

majl Boats may go.out and into Fifh. On the South-Eaft and Wefterly part, it is all along a
Road where Ships may Ride at Anchor, but more efpecially infour chief Places, Roads and. Bays
thereof. .
principal Road or Bay is call'd Cariitle Bay, and lieth on the South-Wejt part of the
Ifland near its Center, and is a good Road, where five hundred Ships of any.Burthen may
Ride fafely from all but South and Wefterly Winds, which feldom in thefe Parts happen, they ge-
nerally blowing Eafterly, whence it is that we call the Eaft parts Windward, and the Weft
parts Leeward. Here lies alfo the chief Town for Trade, call’d formerly the Btidge-Town,
but.now St. Michaels, and baving two Forts, anfwering each other, and a Platform between, :
which Commands the Road, and Defends the Town ; the firft and chiefeft Fort is call’d Charles Pa
Fort, /tanding on Nedhams Point, lying out in the Sea to Windward of the Bay and Town, fo
that an Enemy keeping out of (Command of this Fort, cannot (probably) come to do the Ships or '
the Town injury, for that they muft come full in or againft the Wind, ‘This Fort is built ftrong :
with Stone and Lime; the Platform joyns to the Windward part of the Town; alfo the other |
Fort joyns to the Leeward part of the Town, all which are well fortifi'd and ftor'd.with great
Guns. The Townconfifts offeveral Streets and Lanes,being about thirty Chain in length,and fife
teen in breadth, and hath many fair and large Buildings whereof the moft are of Stone and Lime.
The fecond Road and Town is lately call’d Charles-Town, fituate on OyfterseBay, and =
lies about two Leagues to Windward of St. Michaels, baving alfo two Forts and one Platform , |
the two Forts ftand the one to Windward, and the other to Leeward of the Town.and: Road, and
the Platform in the middle, all well furnifh’d with great Guns. And although this ‘Town be not 4
Place ofmuch Refort for Shipping, yet bere ave many confiderable Store-houfes for Trade, wherein
‘Monethly are kept the Court of Common-Pleas for that Precinft, and, Weekly Markets.
The third Road and Town is lately call’d St. James’s, formerly théHall, and is about two
Leagues to the Leeward of St.Michaels, hath ong very large Platform;and és otherwife well fors
tifi'd with Breaft-works ;, and although few Ships come.to Ride here, yet in this Town is maina
tain'd agreat Trade with the Inhabitants adjacent , here alfo is kept Mangthly the Court of Com
mon-Pleas for this Precinét. : Vea “hay a q
The fourth Road and Town is lately call’d Little Briftol, but Ais Sprights.Bay,
which lieth about four Leagues to LeewardofSt. Michaels, and.bath two Forts well built, and
frongly fortifi'd. To this Place come many Ships, efpecially from the Cily of Briftol, the which
bere Ride, unload and re-load, st being the next greate/t Place ofRepute to St. Michaels in the
whole Ifland. : | 7 |
This Ifland is divided into eleven Parifhes, and bath in it fourteen Churches and Chappels,
and being [ubdivided into divers Plantations, mall and great, bath Sugar-works accordingly,
with fair and large Buildings:made of Stone andBrick, the which generally are pleafant Habie
tations, and delightfully fituated , moft baving pleafant Profpeéts to the Sea and Land.
The Inhabitants ofthis Iland areEnglith, Scotch, and Irith, and fome, but very few of
the Dutch and French Nation, who formerly liv'd here.a time of Servitude, and now dwell as
Free-men, fome by their Trades, and others on Plantations ; alfo fome few Jews live here and
Trade as Merchants, they having obtain'd Licence from Ha Mayefty fo todo, befides Mulat-
to’s and Negto’s which are bere kept, and accounted for Slaves, the number of which fome years
fince, upon fearch, were found to be fixty thoufand Perfons, viz. forty thoufand Whites, and .
twenty thoufand Blacks. oi
The ftanding Militia of this I/land that are in readine[S to meet together on all occafions, and :
which at other times are often and well Di{ciplin’d, confift-of two Regiments of Horfe, and five
Regiments of Foot, wherein.feveral Companies have near two hundred in a Company, and m [ome
Troops more'than a hundred Hor{e in'a Troop; by all which you may eafily apprebend how little
oftruth there is in that Saying, That we hold this Ifland at the-Courtelie of the Spani-
ards when thofe few Englith in Jamaica give the Spaniards (uch work todefend meat
. | . ‘ | be
-
 380 AMERICA. adjacent, is~~SugarCha p. XVIIL
s ofall forts, viz,
The Growth and Manufatture ofthis Ifland and parts
made as any is in
Mufcovado, Clay’d,and Refin'd ; (IfuppofeIhave feen here as good Sngar
yellow,
the World) Gingers,Indico,and Cotton-wool ; alfo Tobacco, Log wood, Fuftick , green and
in this
and Lignum-vite : Of thefe four laft heretofore much, but now no quantities to be had
e prejudice
Ifland, onely to the Leeward great ftore. The firft four mention’d Commodities receiv
proper Seafons : alfo
to their Produtt by abundance ofRains or Droughts not happening in their
d. The chief time
violent Winds lodge the Sugar-Canes, whereby the quantity and goodnefs is lefSne
for Expectation is from January to September, when comes in the wet Seafon,.that makes
the Roads not Cartable, and ufually puts an end to Making and Tranfportation of them. We
come in, in. May and
have two (rops of Cornin ayear, Planted ufually when the Rains firft
November, whichis gather'd in about October, and in March and April following. Wines
“of all forts are-here Imported, but of Portuguefe and French the greateft quantities, viz.
of Madera, upwards offifteen hundred Tun yearly , of Spanith, upward oftwo hundred Tun,
ofFrench-Wines, upward offeven hundred Tun ; befides Brandy and Englith Spirits ; but of
thefe latter now no great quantities Imported or fpent, by xeafon of the general-ufe of the Spirit of
Sugar-(ane, call’d Rum, which the meaner fort, as Servants and Slaves, do not onely drink
in great abundance, but much alfo i hence Tranfported into Virginia, Bermudas, and New-
England. Here is alfo Imported great tore of Provifions of all forts, viz. Beef, Pork,
Fifh, &c. from Ireland, New-England, Virginia, Bermudas, New-found Land, ee.
alfo Peale, Flour, Butter, Cheefe, and Bisquet , likewife Timber, Boards, Pipe and Hogfhead,
Staves, &c, alfo Negro-Slaves from Guinee, and live Cattel, as Bulls,Cows, Afinego’sand
,
Horfes, from the Cape de Verd I/land, New-England ; and from England, Servants,
and all other Commodities for Plantations, and for Apparel ; of all which great quantities are °
hither brought and fold. ten bliss weg 4
The Shipping that comes to Trade to this Ifland belongs generally to England ; \fome few
Veffels are here built, and pafS to and fro to the Leeward Iflands’;. and Some belong to New-
England, Bermudas, oc. The number ofVeffels which come bither to Trade in one year is —
found upon fearch to be about two bundred of allforts, (fome years more, fome. lef?) as Ketches,
Sloops, Barques, Uc. containing in Burthen fifteen thoufand five hundred and five Tun, accord-
ing as they were here Entred, which is at the leaft a third part le/s. than their true Burthen, by
reafon every Ship pays one pound of Powder per Tun, the means ordain'd by this Country for
froring the Magazine ;the greateft part of which Ships re-load with Sugars for England, and _
many go for New-England, Bermudas, Virginia, Tangier, exc. not always full loaden
with this Countreys Growth. ‘The ufual Rate for Tunnage from hence to London, is from
41. to 51. per Tun; fometine when Ships are very. plentiful, it sat, 31. and lefs; and at
other times when farce, from 61. to’ 7 1. inthe late War with the Dutch, it Was at to, 11.
and 12 1, per Tun. ited
The Government is Conftituted by the Laws of England, and Laws not repugnanttothem,
onely fome particular Laws-are here made, proper for this Place, by the Governor (or Deputy) and
bis Council, (which ufually are from feven to twelve in number) and.an Affembly that confifts of
twenty two Perfons, chofen by the Free-bolders, two out ofevery Parifhe

Sect. XXIV.

St: Vincent. -
Situation of
: a Ifland of St. Vincent, South-Weft from St. Lucia, and having fixteen De-
grees of North-Latitude, was fo call’d by the Spaniards, as having, difco-
S?. Vi nce,

ver'd it on that Saint’s Day, being the fifth of April :_ Ic is accounted eight
Leagues long and fix broad, and rifesround about with high Grounds and feveral
Mountains, which are feen at a great diftance. i

~*~
Chap. XVUL ef MERICH, 381
This Ifland hath avety fruitful Soil, and for the bignels of ic hath been long
fince well peopled with. Carsbbeeans before the arrival of the Spaniards poffefling here
feveral Villages, to, whom they are ftill {worn Enemies, but Truck’d with the
Hollanders for Provifions, Horns, Axes, Knives, and other Trifles. At the Weftand
South fides are convenient Bays to lie at Anchor and take Water in.
_ The Inhabitants highly efteem the Momen, growing to the bigne(fs of an Apple- lie
Tree ;the Fruit which it bears refembles a green Cucumber, andisof apleafant
Juice, the Skin always green and prickly ; the Seed which is in the fame about the
bignefs of a French Bean, is generally black, and ftreak’d with Golden-colour’d
Veins. |
Here is alfo that Plant mention’d elfewhere, by the Spaniard call’d Granadilla, by yo"
the Dutch Rhang-Apple, and La Fleur de la Pa/Sion by the French, and itis fo call’d, as
being fancied to reprefent the thorny Crown of our Saviour, together with the
Crofs, Nails, Hammer and Pillar ; the Plant runs along the Ground, unlefs it meet
with a Pole bywhich itruns up. °
Sect: XXV.

Bekia,
Ot far from St. Vinceitt lies the Iflarid Bekia, which reckons twelves Leagues Situation of
N in circumference, and lies at twélve Degrees and twelve Scruples of Nor- vi
thern Latitude : It hath a fecure Harbor againft all Winds; but becaufe
it is without frefh Water, isis onely frequented by the Caribbeeans that dwell on
St. Vincent,who come hither to Fifh,and vifit certain little Gardens which they have
there for their pleafure. |
The Soil produces ftore of Water-melons, whofe red juicy Pulp yields; when ©
{queez'd, a great quantity of {weet Liquor, which is very refrefhing, and good to
create an Appetite ; their white Flowers, notch’d at the end of the Leaves, afford a
delightful {mell.
| Anno 1 633. Captain John Fobnfon Van Hoorn putting in to Bekia to catch Tortoifes:
founda fine Inlet on the Weft, and Eaftward a Ridge of Rocks, Cotton growing
wild in the Fields, and upon the Shore a kind of Snails call’d Burgun, under whofe
firft Shell.appear’d another of a Silver colour with black Specks.

Granada.
Ranada, lying at twelve Degrees and fixteen Scruples,like a Half-moon, front Steenion ‘ap
the North tothe South, is full of Woods. Towards the South-Weft runs '
a frefh River into the Sea. The Shore very low affords good Anchorage
at twelve Leagues diftance. The Current grows exceeding ftrong here, and the
Water alfo ebbs and flows in a few hours. Dirick Simonfzoon Witgeeft Sailing from
Tabago, was amaz’d to fee with what force the Current drove him to Granada.
Hither Du Parquet at his own Charge fent three hundred Men from Martinico, beeaby
who {cuffed with the Inhabitants fix Moneths before they could poffefs the fame in
Peace ; and {carce had they obtain’d ic at laft, but by telling them that the French
Affiftance would be very advantageous unto them againft the Arovages.
The Duke Seryllac in Paris inform’d of the Fertility of this Ifland, bought it
Oo of
 ?

AMERICA. Chap. XVIII.

of Du Parquet for a confiderable Sum of Money : And inded Granada is none of the
meaneft of the (aribbees, the Soil producing very good both Fruit and Timber.
Trees, amongft which is the LatineeTree, of a tall Body, but ordinary thicknefs, and
in ftead of Boughs, hang Leaves like Fans in long Stalks, which being ty'd toge-
ther, ferve for. Roofs. of Houfes,. re ue £
There is alfo the Tree Coco, which yet grows not fo high here asin other parts
of the Weftelndies. : (STEUER ES

“Seem, RXV o.

s=
‘Tabago.. ;
_- Staaion of He next which comes in view is Tabago, (fo call’d, as fome think, from the
quantity of that Drug there Planted) eight Leagues long and four broad,
_ lying in the eleventh Degree and fixteen Minutes of Northern Latitude,
m=e
“+
ias
=—+ -=
and hath many high Mountains full
of Wood, out of which glide eighteen Streams,
which watering the Plains fall into the Sea. ~ | ae ye
?ae
——
* Re
*:
Ged
al—en
|v

Captain Vitgeeff coming to an Anchor ‘here, found a convenient Inlet on the

_
ame
a
-
Eaft, and frefh Water to fill his Casks. Half.a League from the Shore rife five
Rocks, through which he Sail’d with his Ships. Within the Cliff open
fet
_—

a Bay,
s in-
wee
a
4 to which runs a River well ftor’d with Fifh.»-More Wefterly lies a larger Inler,
which receives two delightful Streams. Fromthe Weftern Promontory runsalfoa
——=< “~~
a

——-
+-

a
<=

ry
oe
¢a
-~> Cliff Northward into the Sea. . .
—_~
Ane
~ This Ifland is eafily known by high Coafts which rife on the Eaft fide, and fo
growslower by degrees. It is likewife made pleafant by many Walks of Trees.
The Sea produces abundance of thofe forts of Fifh which are common amongft
us, befides Tortoifes, that lay their Eggs inthe Sand. |
Cra-fith, The Cra-fifh thereabouts are not much unlike Lobfters, have white and well
tafted Flefh, but hard to digeft ;they catch them ia the Night on fandy Shelves
with lighted Torches. ) a |
The Crabs get their Food very wonderfully here.; for when they obferve the
Musfles or Oyfters to Gape for frefh Air, they put Scones between their Shells, fo
that they not being able to fhut chem, they pull out the Fith withtheir Claws.
The Woods feed an innumerable. company of Beafts fomewhat refembling
Hogs, (whole Navels are ontheir Backs) Opaffums, Javaris’s, and Tatews, as alfo the
Avoutys’s and Musk-Rats. 1 ie tag |
Agourys.: The Agoutys’s are of a dark brown colour, and have little Tails, two Teeth in
their upper, and as many in their lower Jaw ; they make a noife as if they {poke,
crying Cowes if hunted by Dogs, they run into hollow Trees, out of which they
are routed by Smoak. es ard ‘4
MukRatss The great Musk-Rats are as big as a Rabbet, and-like them live in Holes made in
the Ground, but refemble an Avropean Rat, onely their Skins are black, except one
part of their Bellies which are whitey they {mell fo trong of Musk, that it over-
comes thofe that carry them. 2 | SSW bits tse ui
Serpns- = ’s« Amongft the Brambles breed alfo Serpents of a green
colour, two yards long,
and an Inch thick, feeding on Locufts and Birds, which they take in their Nefts,
but do no hurt to Mankind. | | ‘
Thesapifiss But Tobago boafts chiefly of the SaffafraseTree, which refembles the Pine.Tree,
hath a firm and ftreight Body, and on the top Boughs {pread like a Crown, the
- Bark ofa dark colour and fmooth sand {melling very fweet;the Leaves thin snotch’d,
3 and
Chap. XVIII. AMERICA. 393

and of a deep Green, have alfo a

delicate {inell ; the thinneft Roots appear above |
the Ground, and are exceeding good to cure green Wounds, ftoppings and fhortnefs
of Breath oceafion’d by Colds. . Tanah iy |
The Tobacco, by the Caribbeeans call’d Y-ouli, Planted. among the Fruit-Trees,
grows very plentifully here ; it fhoots up from a ftringy Root, bitter of tafte, with
a thick Stalk, which fhoots out Boughs with great Leaves, woolly underneath,
and bearsa kind of Violet Flower, which when dry’d, are fucceeded by little Cods |
full of black Seed ; and to prevent the over-growing of it, they cut off the top of
the main Stalk.»
The Bird Colibry, which is exceeding beautiful, makes his Neft under the To- a
bacco-Leaves. |
A company of Town{men of Walcheren, having a Grant from the States of the
United Provinces fent a Colony to Tabago ; but they being {carce two hundred in all,
were for the moft part deftroy’d by the (aribbeeans ; the reft weak or fickly, fearing
the fame Entertainment, foughtto favethemfelves ;fo that the Ifland has not fore
merly been frequented but by the French from Martinico, and Guadalupe, who for
fome time came over onely to catch Turtles and Lamantins there.
The (aribbeeans afo either in,theit March againft, or Return from the Arovages ,
Landed here for neceflary Provifions; Butof late the Lord Lampfen hathSetled a
. a

Plantation in this defolate Ifland,._»

SecT. XXII,

St. Chriftophers.
T. Chriftophers, a pretty diftance from Tobago, receiv’d its Denomination from Simatonof
Chriftopher Columbus, invited thereto by the fhape of 3 great Mountain, having prs Iland,
as it were another leffer on one of its Shoulders, being fancy’d to reprefent
the-Figure of the fuppos’d Giant Chri/topher, who is reported to have carry’d our
Oo 2 Saviour 2
 384 AMERICA. — Chap. XVIII.
Saviour in the appearance of a little Child on his Shoulders through a deep Sea.
This Ifland lying feventeen Degrees and twenty five Minutes Northward of the
Fquinottial Line, hath twenty five Leagues in circumference. ,
The Soil light and fandy, refufes not the produétion
of divers forts of Fruits
common amongft us. a. “
Inthe middle of the Ifland rifes a high Mountain, out of which run frefh
Streams, that fometimes fwell fo high with fudden Rains, that they drown all the
Countrey nearthem, § 0 SR ie ee
et This Ifland being jointly the Plantation of both Englifh and French, was divided
Wad. into four Wards, two whereof have been long fince in pofleffion of the French, and
the other two in pofleffion of the Englifh, ftrangely divided one from another ; for
- -

the Englifh in one. Ward cannot go to the other without troubling the French; and
’ fo on the contrary’; the Englifh have more Rivers and Peover te French more plain
:
4
4
"J a Land, fitter for Cultivation, and Forts furnifh’d with Gun: and Soldiers, A
Entrances of the Paths which lead into the feveral Wards ftand Watchtho
; a a ’

’ |

ul |
“t
a i
where Sentinels, or Watchemen ftand daily in theirtturns.

'

ye 1 be
’
>
-
.

a
. -é
—. =
*.
: -7i lish and French claim equal Inter
| 4
want of Miners. 3 “0
. The high Mountains, the Springs of boyling filphurous Water, and‘brambly
Woods, hinder all paflage through the middle of the Ifland: ‘The Ground runs
\ a
more and more floaping to the’ Sea-fide, and is ‘divided into feverat High-ways,
along which ftand convenient Houfes,’ cover’d with red’ or!glaz’d Slate, fhaded
| with Trees, and environ’d with pleafant Gardens, to which ‘there is a delightful
Sa Pro{pecé from the Fields, of the green Tobacco.Leaves, the yellow Sugat-Canes,
~~"
---
ee
Se
seme
—P
a
se
td
—
—
nas
ey
-1
—_=-
i=a
ea
bin
Ginger, and Potato’s. 9° 9 Wo ee , ;
rg-ro __ Befides the f{catter’d Buildings, the French have built a compleat Town neat the
—~-
~ ==sea
.

-=
the chief
nr
ep
4
Town be convenienteft Harbor of their Quarter, call’d Baffe-Terre, where the Merchants
ak. diel in fair Houfes built of Brick and Free-ftone ; whither all forts
‘of People
bring their Commodities, and Truck’ their European Goods for'fuch as St. Chrifta-
phers produceth. All manner of Trades and Handicrafts live alfo in this Town,
and a Court of Judicature is kept every Week. Tde Church built of Free-ftone, is
cover'd with the aforefaid red Slate, and was formerly Govern’d by the Capuchins ;
but they being difmifs’d Anno 1646. the Government was given to the Je/uits and
Carmelites ; who alfo built'themfelves other ftately Edifices : bt: the Jefuic Henrick
=so
an
-
du Vivier was the firft whobore the chiefeft Command over all.” | a ae
The Sick that have not fufficient Means to maintain them, have an Hofpital ap-
>
=
as
~=\‘i
~~
—¢=

~rBy
-

pointed, where all Neceflaries are provided for them; and towhich is added a
School for the bringing up of poor Children.
Deferiptin But the chiefeft Strugture is the Caftle, on the building whereof the Lord Poincy
{par’d no Coft ; it is built half a French Mile from the Sea at the Foot of a high
ea
oe
ee
——

——<——
Mountain, fhadowed with great Trees.. In the Way thither ftand the Houfesof'
the prime Officers;and a long Walk of Orange and Lemmon-Trees leads to a large
Court beforethe Front of the Caftle it felf, whichis built fquare with Bricks and
Free-{tone three Stories high ; and the Entrance into it is afcended by a large pair
a
a

of Staits ; near the Gate which opensto the Welt, ftand great Stone Cifterns, into
which they receive the Water through Pipes laid under Ground , the Chambers
rae sa and
 Chap:XVIII. AMERICA. 38
ia flat
Halls are very lightfom and high, and the Walls of them adotn’ d with Cedar :
Terrace on the top yieldsa pleafant Profpeé all over the Countrey ; the Windows
. in the Front look open not onely upon the Orange Walk, but alfo igi feveral des
lightful Plantations of Sugar-Canes and Ginger. |
‘Weltward appear feveral Mountains, whofe high Heads are invefted with evers
flourifhing Trees ;and between the Palace and thofe Mountains’4 very large and
ftately Garden, full of all manner of Flowers and other delightful Plants, as well
thofe commonly known amongft us, as thofe peculiar tothat part of the World,
in the middle thereof ftands a Fountain, deriving its Source from the Foot of 7
neighboring Hill.
The Winds which blow from the Hills, and efpecially thofe cool Blafts daily
coming out of the Eaft, fo tempers the Hot Climate, that it becomes very to-
igeables
When any News arrives here of the French Conquefts in Europe, they found the
Trumpets on the top of the Caftle, and the Standards and Enfigns formerly taken
bythe Governor in the Field, are hung out of the Windows.
On one fide of the Caftle ftands a Chappel, and fomewhat farther on a rifing
Plain,a row of Houfes, inhabited by certain Retainers to the Governor, and is call’d
Angola. The Offices oa Lodgings for the Governor’s Servants are built of Brick,
about the Caftle, which is fortifi’'d with five Sconces, whereon are planted feveral
Guns.
The Governor keeps nine hundred Slaves, and a hundred Frenchemen, to work
in his three Sugar-Mills, to till his Ground, and for his Houfhold-Service.
Several French Gentlemen have alfo built many fair Houfes here ; amongft which
the chiefeft are thofe on which Poucy, Treval, Benevent, Girand, Auber, de la Roziere,
de St. Andant, del’ Efperance, and de la Loche {pent great fums of Money. _
The Englifh alfo are not much inferior tothem in their Counties.
Their Churches are fivein all; firft onthe Point of the Palm-Tree ftands a fait The Engi
Church, a fecond near the great Road sbelow the English Governor’s Houle ;a third istbis Mand.
at the Seatly Point ;which are all well built, and large enough for a ésufiderable
Congregation ; the other ewo atthe Inlet Cayoune are fhort of the three firft: The
Minifters thereof receiv’d formerly theit Benefices from the Bifhop of Canterbury,
in (romwell’stime from the Tryers, as they were call’d ; but of late, fince the King’s
Reftauration, from the Bifhop of Canterbury again.
The beft Houfes belonging to the English were built by Mr. Warner, Mr. Rich,
Mr. Evrard, and Col. Geffreyfonall fucceffively Governors of the Place.
It was in the Year 1625. thatthe English and French jointly (De/nambuc Commans TheirSuet
ding the French, and Thomas Warner the!English) Landed on this Eland of St. Chrifto» aang,
phers, ata certain time when the Caribbeeans, perfwaded by their Boyex to deftroy all
Strangers, were ready up in Arms, but they met with fuch Entertainment, that
they foon loft their Courage, and yielded poffeffion to the Affailants: Not long af-
ter which De/nambuc and Warner went (the one to Paris, and the other to London) to
inform their Kings of the Condition of St. Chriftophers, and to raife a Company
which might promote the Planting of it: Both attain’d their Defires, and had frefh
Afiiftance given them ; for both Kings favor’d the Defign, in regard of the good
Conditions that were ‘proposd to thofe that fhould go Undertakers thither: ‘And
to prevent all Contentions between the Bnglish and French, they made Boundaries on
each fide;but Hunting, Harbors, Fifhing, Mites; Trees for Wainfcoting, and the
_ like, were to remain in common; and each was to’ aflift the others The English
Plantation increafed daily more thattthe Freneb; having cOnftant Suppli¢s from the
. 8c 3 Company
 386 AMERICA. Chap:"XVIIL.
Company in London ; when.ason the contrary,the Merchants at Paris grew Weary,
being defirous firft tohave a Return for what they had already {pent, though the
Countrey was not yet Manur’d ; wherefore De/nambuc going thither himfelf, made
the Company underftand that they could not poflibly expeé to receive a Return,
unlefs the Countrey were Planted with Tobacco, Indigo, Ginger, and Sugar,
which requit’d both Timeand People. But whilft the BufinefS feem’d to go on
ptofperoufly, a great Accident hapned which threw down the Work to nothing :
for the Spanish King fet out a Fleet within the foreemention’d Year, of one and
thirty Gallions, three Galeafles, and four Pinnaces,with feventy five hundred Men,
under the Command of Frederick de Toledo, Emanuel de Minefes, and John Fajardo, from
Cadiz, when before the Ifland St. fago there lay at the fame time twenty two Portn-
guefe Galleys, fourteen Carvils, carrying four thoufand Men, Commanded by Anto-
nto Nunnex Barreio, and Francifco de Almeida, who joyning with the Spaniards, took
the City St. Salvador, and went about wholly to chafe out of the Caribbee Ifles all
the English and French: in which Attempt nine English Ships lying before Nevis,
were all taken by Toledo, who Sail’d within Cannon-fhot of St. Chriftophers, Come
7
manded at that time by the French Captain Roffey, the Forts caft up by the Englifh
:
:
and French not being ftor’d with Provifions nor Ammunition, and confequently no
:
¢
-
way able.o endure a Siege, and the lef, becaufethe Works were not quite finifh’d,
neverthele{s Defnambuc immediately drew up his Soldiers to the Low-land, where
_
-
-

: 4
4 j i!

:
7
Pp
i
*

he lay Intrench’d along the Coaft, to prevent the Enemies Landing ; but Roffey
fuffer’d the Spaniards to Land without the leaft Refiftance : whereupon young Dx
‘ . '
5
+ .? is
7]
rd ‘ wa)

Parquet Sallying out of the Sconces, fell valiantly upon the firft Company, but be-
; rs We

lo ‘ ,
: \ 2
}
Bit
|
i
‘
Wh4
ial
ing forfaken by his Men, was rundown by the Multitude and kill’d : In the mean
i . - oion4 time all their Sloops full of Men Landed, infomuch that Roffey fearing to be fur.
rounded, left his Trench and went up into the High-lands, whereby the Spaniards:
’ if St
4 5
} |]
- 7

became Matters of the Fort, but did not purfue their Victory, as {ulpeéting that the
+ ii 4 lek
: i
an - *
f “y

French might lie in Ambufcade in the next Wood ; andindeed they fufpedted not in
< - f

3 :
wr ’
an
i a ieee
vain, for the French having undermin’d their Forts, had laid Gun-powder in fome
1
Pu Med:
% VAR
7 ei]

;
"new

/,
of the Cellars, which firing, blew up very many of the Spaniards, whilft Defnambuc
:
Py:
‘| Embarquing himfelf, fav’d thofe.which were not flain by the Enemy’s Sword.
® ii
:
Mean while the Englifh relying on the League between the King of England and
the
Ps r
; '

Spaniard, made no Refiftance, (notwithftanding they were inform’d that Frederick

47 -
: jy :
ian. rit
8 pa
2 ¥f

" Toledo had quite ruin’d the French Plantation, and put them all to the Sword)
' ;
rics?
4 ny may! at
but.
-fent Agents to Toledo, to put him in mind of the League between Spain and England,
" oh ae
- PB ln, 44)
_ |
° + .

which henot taking notice of, alledg’d, That Pope Alexander the Sixth, when a.
; ha ‘ re

+ ¥ tal . KS
& ; ‘pay
ix ib
d
1,
’ - 4
;
Controverfie arofe concerning the new Difcoveries in the Eaft and Weft, betwee
\ |i as . &
n
the Crowns of Caftile and Portugal, had determin’d that Caftile had fole Right to the
t C23 Vi
7 na Ge

:
y |
5 ee a
“4]
hy
«| f
4

+ia
:
Weftern, World, and therefore that St. (hriftopbers, being a pare of the. Weftern’
aw
:Y s]»
)
(4
World, according to the Pope’s Gift, belong’d to his Mafter Philip ; and infifting up.
on that Allegation, he commanded them to quit their Righttothe Place
; *

: : me Ae r ; to which
:
‘
-
)
purpofe he reftor’d them fix of the nine Shi ps taken at. Nevis, on Condition that
:
they fhould immediately ferSail for England, onely thofe whom the fix Veflels were
not able to carry, were, permitted to ftay on the Ifland tilkthe next opportunity :
:
|' - -

r 4

;
‘

After which Toledo weighing Anchorjwas {carce out of fight, when the English began
— to take new Courage,and gathering togetherto repair their ruin’d Works as well as
poflibly they could with what Forces they had left ; for befides thofe who went for
England in the fix Ships, being near two thoufand, the Spanish Admiral took fix hun-
dred choice English, which he diftributed amongft his Fleet ; whilelt Defambuc {ul-
fer’d a great deal of hardfhip, not onely through ill Weather at Sea, but alfo for:
| want
 < ““_r ’ . {

Chap. XIX. AMEK IC 4. 389

want of Provifions ; Having during this time been on the Iflands St. Martin, Mont-
ferrat, and Antego, thinking to have poflefs'd himfelf of fome or other of them in
ftead of St. Chriftopbers, but not finding fuch a fruitful Soil, and convenient Situa-
tion, as what he had been forc’dito forfake; he was not forward to fixthere, but ra-
ther judg’d it convenient to enquire concerning the Condition of St. Chriftophers,
and at laft being inform’d bya Ketch, that the Enemy was gone to Havana, and the
English were bufie in Tilling their Lands, he return’d to his old Station ; where nes
verthelefs their Endeavors'to repair what was ruin’d, had been in vain, by reafon
of the {carcity of Provifions, and want of other Neceflaries, had not in their greateft
extremity fome Netherland Veffels arriving there, furnifh’d them with Provifions,
Clothes, and other Neceflaries, on bare promifes of payment: But not long after
growing rich with Tobacco, Sugars, Ginger, and Indigo, they made Satisfa@tion
to all their Creditors, and at laft attain’d to the Condition before mention’d.
In the late War between Us and the Dutch, the French taking advantage of our
Engagement, endeavor'd to deftroy our Plantations there, and to make themfelves
Mafters of the whole Ifland ; but the Matter being at laft brought to fome Agrees
ment, Sir Charles Wheeler hath been very lately fent over thither by His Majefty to
re-fettle Affairs there, and order the Capitulations between the French and Englifh.

LRGERGEL EOE EEe Boe CECE ECE ECE EEEE sees ee ees eee
CHAP. XIX.

The Iflands Sotavento, andthe Ifle T rinidado.

ifthe Divifion we found to be made of the Iflands that lie between Florida and
New Spain, and Southern America, the laft are the Ifles of Sotavento, which are
reckon’d to be thefe three, Margareta, Cubagua, and Tabago,* but the laft is by
moft accounted, and hath been mention’d amongft the Caribbees. :
Margareta, fo call’d from the abundance of Pearls (of which the Spanish Appel- Srosionof
lation comes near the Latine Margarite) found there by the Spaniards at their firft
Difcovery, lies about the twelfth Degree of Northern Latitude over againft the
Main Land of Cumana, from which it is diftant about feven Leagues : It is ac-
counted fixteen Leagues long, and half as much in breadth, and was difcover’d by
Columbus in his thitd Voyage in the Year of our Lord 1498. and wasat firft in great
reputation, in regard of the rich Pearl-fifhing upon its Coafts, wherein the Spaniards
(more favorable it feems to the Natives of this Place than ufual, becaufe of their
readinefs to difcover their Treafures) employ’d Negro’s, brought from the Coaft of
Guinee, whom by fevere Punifhments inflidted, they forc’d to {uch exceffive Labor,
that many of them, though excellent Divers, were drown’d,others either devour’d,
or lam’d by the ravenous great Fifh thereabouts, and by deftroying the very Seed
through their infatiable greedinefs after Pearl brought the Trade of Pearl-fifhing in
a fhort time to a very {mall Account, in refpecét of what it might have been, had it
been well husbanded. Nor hath this Ifland oflate Years been much frequented, only
inthe Year 1601. Captain Parker with a Fleet of English put on Shore here, and
took as many Prifoners as he had fivehundred pounds of Pearl for the Ranfom of,
and at his coming away took a Ship he met from off the Coaft of Angola, with three
hundred and feventy Negro’s aboard her, who were going to be fold for Slaves.
The Soil is notunfruitful, bringing forth feveral forts of Fruit, and ftore of
: Maiz,
 339 AMERICA. : Chap. XIX,»
Maix, and probably if improv’d, would as well bear Wheat, and other ufual kinds
of Grain ; but there is great want of Water, which the Inhabirants aretr
oubled to
fetch from the neighboring Continent. | , |
Pine af Lhe Places of chief note, are 1. Monpater, a Fort built by the Spaniards in a Nook
cust noe. of the Ifland, lying Eaftward to fecure the Pearl-fifhing Trade, and to defend
the
Town where the Governor refides, as alfo the Treafurer of the King of Spain’s Cue
ftoms of Pearl, which have been formerly valu’d at yooool. yearly,
2. El valle de Santa Lucia, two Leagues from this Town, and as much from
the
Sea, a Spanifh Colony, i |
3+ Macanao, the onely noted Place belonging to the Natives,

$ gfe Tedh

Cubagua.
Situation of ice South-Welt of Margarita, about the eleventh Degree of North
-
apr Latitude, a League or thereabouts diftant from Margarita, and fix Leagues
from the meareft Continent, and about three Leagues in circu
mference,
Thisis alfo a very great Place for Pearl-fifhing, the benefit whereof hath been
fo
confiderable, that the King of Spain’s Fifths are {aid to have amounted fome
years
to fifteen thoufand Ducats , but otherwife ofa poor and barren Soil, not
onely de-
ftitute of Water, but of Fruit, Grain, Herbage, and all manner of Cattel
and eata-
ble Beafts, except a few leanConeys ; neverthelefs, in refpect of the
Pearl-fifhin
Trade, the Spaniards have Planted herea Colony, which they call’d
New (adiz, ha-
ving plenty of Provifions brought them from the adjoining Coafts, and
foon after
their firft Planting grew in a fhort time fo powerful, that
they became Mafters of
one of the beft Ports of thofe Seas, call’d Maracapana Venezu
ela ; bur pon an Alarm
of the Salvages of (umana,for a while deferted the Ifland, and betoo
k themfelves to
Eitfpaniola ;from whence neverthelefs being remanded back with
freth Supplies,
under the Command of James de (a/tellon, they foon re-inftated themfe
lves in their
former Plantation, and made it more ftrong and flourifhing
than before ;in which
ftate they remain’d as Jong as the Pearl-fifhing Trade continu’d,
but that decaying,
the {plendor alfo of this Colony declin’d : fothat at prefent the
onely thing which
makes.the Place remarkable, is a Fountain on the Eat part
of the Ifland, not far
from the Sea, yielding a liquid bituminous Water, of fingular
nfe in Medicine, and
fometimes found floating on the Sea at two or three Leagues diftance.
con? About four Leagues diftant from Cubagua there is an Iland call’d
Coche, about
three Miles in compafs ; It was difcover’d in the Year 1529. and was
formerly lit-
tle lefs confiderable for Pearl-fifhing than the othertwo.

SEcT. III. -

Trinidado,
porevarng “He MMland of Trinidado was firft difcover’d
by (Columbus, Anno 1447. in his
thitd Voyage, and by him fo call’d,asfome guels, from its three Poin
~
ts or
Promontories ; but that feems not fo probable, in-regar
d it)is otherwile
call’d La Trinidad, or Infula Sanita Trinitatis, and therefore is
likely to have been dee
nominated upon a religious Account: It lieth nine Degr
ees or thereabouts diftant
from the Line, at the Mouth of the River Orenogue, and is fepa
rattd from the Be
| | ©
 of Paria, over againft which it lies by a Straight that is three Miles over, and which
for the dangeroufnefs of pafling it, Columbus, the firft Difcoverer of it, call’d ‘Bocca
del Draco ; the length thereof from the moft Southern Angle call’d Punta del Andrada,
to the North-Eaft, call’d Punta del Galera, is reckon’d twenty five Leagues, (thofe
that reckon fifty, may be {uppos’d to miftake Leagues for Miles) and the breadth
about eighteen. |
The Air ofthis Place is fo impure, that it is accounted the unwholfomeft [fland “hie Com:
of all the Indies; neverthelefs the Soil is not unfertile,as bringing forth Sugar-Canes, thefad
- Cotton, Maize, Tobacco of the beft kind, with other Commodities of the general
growth of the We/t-Indies, befides ftore of good Fruit and Cattel , and one part of
the Ifland call’d Terra de Bea, produceth great plenty of Pitch, but not of the bett
kind ; and there have been difcover’d feveral Veins of Gold and other Metals.
The Natives,fome fay, were antiently call’d Cairi, or Carai, and were diftinguifh’d
into feveral Claws or Tribes, each under the Government of a Cafique, or petty
Prince ; but moft of them dreading the Spaniards Cruelty, deferted the Ifland, and
Setled themfelves in Guiana; and at prefent both this Place, Guiana, and El Dorado,
have of Cuftom one andthe fame Governor, whofe Place of Refidence hete is
St. Fofepbs, the chief, if not onely Town of the Ifland ; it ftands Southward upon
the Carone. Here moft of that Tobacco is made, which is fold amongft us for
Spanifh. In the Year 1595. Sir Walter Raleigh poffets’d himfelf of it, being then but
a petty Village of about forty Houfes, and took Prifoner the then Governor Antonio
Berreo, who, in all probability, to ingratiate himfelf with him, gave him fome light
towards the difcovery of Guiana.
On the North-Eaft of Trinidado, and not above eight Miles diftant from it, lies zdago.
the Ifland of Tabago, which hath been alneady treated of, as one of the (aribbees,
though fome willhave ic one of the Sotavento ; it is otherwife call’d New. Walcheren,
from a Town of that Name in Zealand, from whence a Colony of Netherlanders
was fent to Plant it. —
Amongft others of the {mall ob{cure Ilands hereabouts, is Virgin Gorda, which is Visin Gorda:
fometimes reckon’d amongft the Caribbee Iflands ; but fince there is nothing confi-
derable to be fpoken of it, it is fufficient that it hath been mention’d, though nor
punctually in its proper place.

SITES MGM Ge SeSS SS Se Se Se Se i SieSes SeShots

Os a. el Ae of

California>
4

Aving before’ made mention of California, as it is by fome taken for that catifornis
WH large portion of Northern America which lies moft.Southward, and alfo ut- mad
moft Weftofallthat is known of the New World, and having treated of
thofe feyeral Provinces which are generally reckon’d to be comprehended in it,
(excepting California ftrigtly taken, as itis generally granted to be an Ifland) viz.
Quivira,Cibolajand Nova Albion,lying on the Continent (though there want not thofle
who make Nova Albion onely the North: part of California) we fhall clofe up our
Difcourfe of thefe Iflands that lie Northward of the Equinoétial Lme with the afore-
faid California, {pecially fo call’d, which was by many thought and defcrib’d to be
but.a Peninfula, or half Iland, by.geafon that the Bay which divides it from Quivira
and .
 AMERICA. Chap. XX.
and New Gallicia, cowards the North runneth much narrower than it doth Sou.
therly, which made them think, that fomewhere or other at the North it was joyn'd
to the Main Land of America ;But later Difcoveries, as hath been faid, have found
it to be a perfed Ifland, and altogether feparate. from the Continent: for about
the Year 1620. fome Adventurers beating upon thofe Coafts Northward, acciden-
tally, and before they were aware, fell upon a Straight, the Waters whereof ran with
fuch a Torrent and violent Courfe, that they brought them ‘into Mar Vermiglio,
whether they would or no, and before they knew it, and by that means difcover'd
that California wasan Ifland, and that the Waters which were obferv'd tofall fo -
violently into that Seatowards the North, were not the Waters of any River emp-
tying it felfinto the Bay from the Main Land, as was formerly thought, but the
Waters of the North: Weft Sea it felf, violently breaking into the Bay, and dividing
it wholly from the Continent: It lieth North and South, extending it felf ina
vaft length, full twenty Degrees of Latitude, viz. from twenty two to forty two ;
but the breadth nothing anfwerable : The moft Northern Point of itis call’d Cape
Blanche ;that to the South,Cape Se. Lucas, memorable for that rich and gallant Prize
which Captain Cavendifh, in the Year 1587. being then in his Voyage about the
World, took from the Spaniards near to this Place. As for the Ifland it felf, it is at
prefent little, ifat all inhabited by the Spaniards, whether it be that they want Men
to furnifh new Plantations, or that they find no matter of invitation and encou-
ragement from the Gountrey, or perhaps that the accefs thither be not fo eafie :for
‘tis reported to be wonderfully well peopled by the Natives, and that there were
found onely upon the Coafts and along the Shore of Mar Vermiglo,twenty ot twenty
three Nations, all of different. Languages ; though from the particular Natrations
that have been made of the Voyages of feveral eminent Perfons into thefe Parts,
it appears that the Spaniards have taken great painsin the difcovery thereof, and alfo
if
from the feveral Spanifh Names of Places, that they have had Plantations here fore
- merly, however negleéted at prefent. |
-
|
=
oR

i 4 i
t
TheCufoms The Countrey is abundantly well ftor’d with Fifh and Fow!, as appears partly
:

.
4

r
1
ou Nt by the Natives, whotake a huge pride in making themfelves gay with the Bones
4 ;
| 7
af i}
2 ie
of the one, with which they-load their Ears, and fometimes their Nofes alfo; and
with the Feathers of the other, which ordinary People wear onely fticking about
44
HH
: -
‘} 4 ‘|

their Waftes; but Great Perfons, and fich as will be fine indeed, befet their Heads
:

'
iy
be

ftrangely with them, and have commonly.one Bunch of them bigger than ordi-
\y ys
‘ ‘ hd
ee a a'r?
: aa
. 4 om
2,
.
i wo
7
;
:
ee
! nary hanging down behind them like a Tail. |
:
en

iiiieae
Hod Having no knowledge of the true God, they worfhip what the Devil will have
them, that is, the Sun, attributing to it onely the increafe of their Plants, healthful
: « *

| a ie
’ if.
z.
7
ap
-
,}
‘Seafons, and moft of the other good things they enjoy, or arefenfible of,
TheirGo- Their Government is faid to be onely Oeconomical, each Father ordering the Af-
¥ "
* |

Fi
*" ‘
i
,;
:
*'.
fairs of his Family apart, without fubjection to any other Superior ; yet fo well
manag'd, that they live in good Peace one with another; not without many good
-b * \
a’ '

Laws and Cuftoms, viz, That they allow but one Wife toone Man; That they
: a“

punifh Adultery with Death ; That they fuffer not Maids to-talk or converfe with
4 ce
q * tt
i)
+

Men till they be Married ; That Widows may not Marry till they have Mourn‘d
‘
|
\
: ‘

at leaft one half year for their Husbands deceafed ;and divers others of like
‘
: {

nature, which perhaps, if the truth were known, do more propertly belong to the
—

Natives of Utopia, or New Atlantis, than to thefe, of California, | |

Pls of The Places therein, as yet ob{erv’d, are onely upon the Sea-coafts, 1. The Capes
of St. (lara and St. Lucas the one at the South-Eaft end of the Ifland,looking towards
New Gallicia, the other at the South-Weft, looking into the Sea, and towards Afia. —
= | | | 2. Ste
Chap. XX. AMERICA. 391

2. St. Crace; fo nam‘d from its being firft di{cover’d on Holy-RoodsDay, being a
large and convenient Haven, not far from Cape St. Clara.
3. Cabo de las Playas, fo call'd from a company of listlebare afillockd appearing
from the Sea, and is
i more within the Bay.
4+°Cabo Baxd, fo tér’d; as lyingzowards the bottom ofthe Gulf,
5: St. Andrews, another convertient Haven upon an Ifland of the fame Name...
6. St.Thomas, an Ifland at the Mouth of the Gulf or Bay, of abont twenty
five Leagues in compafs, rifing Southerly with an high mountainous Point, under
which is a convenient Road for Shipping, and twenty five Fathoms of Water.
On the other fide of the Ifland, towards the Main Sea, there is 1. St. Abad, a good
Haven, and almoft furrounded with a pleafant and fruitful Countrey. ,
2, Cape ‘Trinidado, 2 noted Promontory.
3. Cape de Cedras, foicall’d (together with a {mall [fland-near it) from the ftore of
Cedars grpwing thereabouts.
4. Enganno.~ 5. Puebla de las Canoas; {o nam’d from the sbundande of thofe lit-
tle Boats which the Americans generallyoe and do:call (anoos, whereof perhaps
fome ftore are made'there.
6. (abode Galera, from its refemblance to a Rar. |
It is believ’d chereake many more Promontories and Bays on both fides of this
Ifland, befides Rivers and Iflets, yet:noe nam’d; and alcogethet unknown. Moreo-
ver Dr. Heylin hath well dbidty’ d, that thofe above-mention’d:are the Names onely
of Places, and not of Towns and Villages, though'doubrlefs:there muft needs have
been fome fcatter’d Houfes, built formerly by the Spaniards in fo many Expeditions.
The firft Difcoverer of thefe Parts was Ferdinando Cortez, who having in the Year s.Be
1534 fet out two Ships to that purpofe from St. Jago, a Haven of New Spain, and pxof Set
not finding the Succe{s an{werable to his Expeétation, went next Year himfelf in
Perfon, and pafs'd a good way up the Gulf, but for want of Provifions was fore’d
to return without having done any thing to the purpofe.
In 1539. one Francifco, a Companion of Cortezinthe former Expedition, Set out
upon
 AMERICA. Chap. XVIIL.
and
~ upon his own Charges, and having Coaftedall about, both upon the Eaftérn
ion from the
Weftern Shores, he at laft Landed, but not without notable oppofit
his Men fo
Natives, who with much clamour, and many antique Geftures fet upon
, had
furioufly with Stones and Arrows, that they had met with a fhrew’d Repulfe
it feems they
it not been for the Valor of their Auxiliaries,the Maftifi Dogs, which
footing
us’d to carry along with them in thofe kind of Voyages ; but at laft he got
ufual For-
fo far, that he took poffeffion in the Name of the King of Spain with the
theExampleof Columbus, fetupa Crofs in the Place for a
malities ,and following
Memorial and Teftimony of his having been there,
e in-
,Much about the fame time Marco de Nifa a Francifcan, undertaking a Voyag
:

faker
of thele to thefe Parts, reported Wonders at his Return, of the plenty of golden Mines,
ftately Cities, fet out with magnificent Buildings, the very Gates whereof were
enrich’d with Turquoifes, and other Precious Stones, and whofe meaneft Inhabitants
went glittering in Gold and Mother of Pearl, and of the flourifhing Condition of
the Kingdoms of Acu, Tonteac, and Marata; whereupon the Governor of New Gallicia
was fent by the then Vice-Roy of Mexico, with great hopes of bringing back a;Con-
firmation of thefe Reports; but whether out of fpite to be deceiv’d in his Expe-
d thingsasmean anddefpi-
étation, or having real caufe foto do, he reprefenteall
ag |
cable, as the Fryer had proclaim’d them rich and glorious.
vas ‘The next that went upon this Defign was Ferdinando de Alarcon, who is reported
to have Sail’d many Leagues up a River call’d Buena Guia, and there to have fee
Tribes. E
ceiv’d Homage of Naguacatus, one of the Heads of the Californian
t
gurittit One more Attempt was made in the Year 1642. by Roderico Cabrillo, who difco-
| ver'd the Ifland of St. Luke, and another call’d The I/land of Poffe/sion ; and this was
the laft we hear of that thought it worth while to go an Undertaker to thefe
Coafts, andever fince all Undertakings hither, have been fo wholly laid afide, that
what-ever-was once difcover’d in.thefe Parts, feems rather to be loft and forgotten,
than any way improv’d. - wea , a tf
As for Nova Albion, whereas many determine it to be onely the utmoft Northern
|
patt of California, thoughit doth not abfolutely appear to be fo from the Relation
_ of Sir Francis Drake’s Dilcovery of it, we judge it agreeable to Method and Deco:
sum not wholly to omit the mention of it in this place,though it hath been already
fpoken of, and the aforefaid Relation deliver'd at large amongft the reft of thofe
Provinces of largely-taken California, which were taken for granted to be upon the
| Continent. le, ; | |
Drik’s Ac- Dake and his Company brought home this Defcription of the Countrey and its
Couey. Inhabitants, vig, That the Countrey was exceedingly well ftor'd with Deer, Grazing up and
down the Hills by thonfands in a company ; That the Men generally went naked all over, the
Women ufing onely a piece ofa Mat, or fome fuch thing in flead of an Apron ; ‘That their Flou-
fes were built onelyofTurf and Ofer, yet fo wrought together, that they ferv'd very well to
keep out the Cold ; in theamidjt of it was their Hearth where they made their Fire, and lay all
round about it together upon feveral Beds of Bull-Rujhes. What their Towns were, or whither
they bad any, isaltogether unknown.’ Sede Rode MES, ae Rie scene
 393
cE oe
ye

Gee
Se Ory
—_ Mh
yeas i ore
Gili, {>
os cA

eea
i“
the

REBOs

T h i r d B o o k . |
Th e
I P T I O N
A DESCR

SeeaAving compleated our Delcription of Mexicana, or Nor- Saha ae

nn = i thern America, being that great Peninfula which lies North- poesia
ee Z ek ward of the Iphmus, or Straight of Darien, together with all
Si the Iflands on the North fide of the Equinoétial Line, we
Ne) come now to the Southern Part, otherwife call’d Peruana,
Ea) from Peru the chief Kingdom thereof, being» the other
great Peninfula » which lies Southward of the aforefaid
| Straight : It is generally refembled to the form of a Pyra-
midestvers‘d.. ;“the Bafis whereof, that isto fay, the more Southerly parts of it to-
wards Magellanica and the-Straights, extend themfelves largely both Eaft and Weft,
becoming more fharp and freight towards the North, and thofe parts by which it
is joyn’d to Mexicana: in the whole itis fuppos’d to contain a Circuit of feventeen
thoufand Miles at-leaft, and is water’d with four of the greateft Rivers of the
World, befides seats of lefler Streams, which ifluing from the Andes and other
Mountains of the Countrey, dorun from all Parts both into the North and South
Sea, much icilizing the poueereys through which they piles- the four principal
are hele following :.
1. Orellana, fo call’d fiom the firft Difcowery thereof by Francifcus de Orellana) Te cet Re
otherwifle che River of Amazons, from a Generation of warlike Women, who (asthe
Tradition g0¢s) inhabited certain Countreys lying upon the Banks thereof. This
rifeth
ap .
 AMERICA. Chap. II.
rifeth in the Province of Peru, and runneth a Courfe of little lefs than five thou.
{and Miles, difcharging iit fel.at laft intothe North Sea through a Channel,as fome
fay, of threef{core Leagues broad, and yet with fuch a violent Current or Stream,
that it is faid to keepits natural colour and tafte almoft thirty Milesin the Sea.
2. Orenoque, by fome call’d-Raliana, from Sit Walter Raleigh, who endeavor’d to
difcover it, a River of the Province of Guiana, whofe Head or Spring is not yet dif-
cover'd’: Itis faid to be Navigable a thoufand Miles together by the talleft Ships,
and no lefsthan two thoufand by Pinnaces and {maller Veflels,and difchargeth it felf
likewife into the North Sea by fixteen fevetal Channels or Mouths, making thereby
feveral Iflands ; fome whereof are faid to be of good bignels, and to lie at a diftance
of a hundred Miles or more one from the other. — ,
. Maragnon, a River of a yet larger Courfe than any of the former, being, as
tis faid, no lefsthan fix thoufand Miles from its Head, which is out of the Andes in
Peru, to itsFall, which is likewife into the North Sea abinl Cape Blanco, by a Chan.
riel bEfeventy Leagues in breadth.
4. Rio de la Plata, otherwife call’d Paraguay, a River of two inated Miles
Bont and falling as the reft into the North Sea, by a Channel of threefcore
Miles over, and about thirty Degrees siguesep aa of cheLine, towards the Straights
of Micdibe.
The Moun- The Andes, or Mountains before Ras ee|being the moft noted, and biggeft
of all America, and indeed of the whole World, and thought by Cortefws to be the
fame with Sephar, {poken of in the tenth Chaprer of Genefis, run above a thoufand
Leagues in length from Timama, 2 Town of New Granada in the Province of Py
payan, and are in the narroweft place about twenty Leagues broad ; and alfo of
equal heighth with) if not higher than Caneafus it felf: i.Afcent to them j
is un-
paflable, except in very few places, by reafon of craggy Precipices, and wild over-
grown pathlefs Woods, ferving onely fora fhelrer to Serpents and other poyfonous
Animals, which arethere fo numerous, that a whole Army of one of the Kings of
Peru is teported, to have been deftroy’ 4 by them ; and whateever People there are
inhabiting in any of thefe Woods and Faftnefles, muft needs be in Sony very utmoft
degree of rude and brutifh falvagenels.
o7
Some divide Southern America into Peruviana and BrafiGidea:-Pernviana they fub-
———_—
-_
—

,<
divide into Terra Firma and Peru ;Brafiliana into Brafileand Paraguay : But the mot
OE
AEE

receiv d and commodious Dilateatedis into thefe particular Provinces following, all
of them wealthy and large, viz, 1. CaStella Aurea, or Golden Caftile. 2. Nova Granada,
or The New Kingdom, as they call it. 3. Pern, {pecially fo call’d. 4. Chile. 5 Para.
ghay. 6. Brafile. 7. Guiana. 8.Laftly Paria, with fome leffer Mands adjoyning to
all or moft of thefe Provinces, and commonly reckon‘d as part of them.

om
ila
ee
ee
hn
— Sch SCAU RAReGE Reet eiesseasnoaeeasnogeees
CHAP. IL
ll
lage
a

ous
_..
: Caftella Aurea, ‘ii oat call’d Terra Firma.
rigs 8 Ca del Oro, as the Spaniards call it, or Golden Caftile, taketh up allthe reft of
Aurea.
the I/thmus, or Straight of Darien, which hath not been yet {poken'of, being
bounded Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, with the Atlantick Ocean ; and
onthe Weft with Mare del Zur, and ome, part of Veragua; Southward iti hath the
new
 \

‘Chap. Il. wdMER IEC «A. 395

new Kingdom of Granada. Ic is call’d fometimes Terra Firma, becaufe it was one —
of the fit parts of firm Land which the Spaniards touch’d upon, after they’ had
pals d fo many Iflands, as fe¢m’d for fome time to block up, and bar them from
the Continentof America: It is fubdivided into thefe inferior Provinces ot Coun:
treys, vix.0 1s Panama. 24Dariens 23. Nova Andaluxias 4. St. Martha. 5. Laftly, the
little Province De la Hacha. ; |
The chief Rivers of the Province of Panama are 1: Chagre,as it was antiently call’d, *""*
but afterwardsfrom the great number of Crocodiles that harbor in it, Rio de La-
gartos, falling into the North Sea between Nombre de Dios and Porto Bellano. 2. Sar-
dinilla. 3. Sardina. 4. Rio de (olubros, fo call’d from the abundance of Snakes
breeding thereabouts.» 5. Rio de Comagre, which falls into the fame Sea. 6. Chepo,
famous in times paft for its Gold-Sands, 7. Rio de Balfas, whofe Banks are fhaded
with good Timber-Trees.. 8. Rio de Congo, which falls into St. Michaels Bay.

Sect.

Panama.
Anama, commonly call’d ‘The Diftrié, or Circle of Panama, is bounded Eaftward os
Dp with the Gulf, or BayofUrraba, by which it is feparated from the reft of the
Continent of this Southern part of America ; on the Weft ithath Veragua, one
of the Provinces of Guatimala; being on both the other fides wafh’d with the Sea :
Ic is {uppos’d to contain in length from Carthagena and Popayan, to the Confines of
Veragua, about,eighty or ninety Leagues, in breadth not ‘above threefcore in any
part; and where ic is narroweft, viz, betwixt the City of Panama and Nombre de
Dios, if meafur'd by a right Line, not above fix or feven over from Sea to Sea. It
lieth almoft under the Equinoétial ‘Lines but a few Degrees Northward of it, and
therefore fomewhat hot, and by the neighborhood of both Seas fubjec& to a foggy
and grofs Air,in comparifon of fome other parts, fo that it isnot counted generally
fo healthful a Countrey, efpecially for Strangers, and in Summer-time.
sk The antient Divifion of Panama, according to the Lordfhips of the (afigues that Thesilent
then Govern’d, were thefe following: Careta, Aila, Comagre, Chiam, Coyba, Chame, Parana.
Chiru, Nata, Tobre, Trota, Haylia, Burica, and Efcotia, where the South Sea with the
Spring-Tides flowing over the Plains, at its return being hardned by the Sea, is
turnd into Salt; but as ic hath always hapned in all other Countreys of the World,
that with the alteration of Government, the Divifion of the Countrey, and the
Names of Places have totally chang’d, fo.alfo here the antient Divifion of Regions
and Territories muft give place to the Modern,
The antient Inhabitants of thefe Parts were a very warlike People, the Women The Matar
always accompanying their Husbands inthe Wars. They us’d to hang onthe tops oftheani
of their Standards the Bones oftheir greateft Heroes, thereby to animate their Sole
diers. Their Arms confifted of poyfonous Arrows, Stone Swords, and Pikes made
of the Palm-Trees. They alfo carried with them the Idol Chiapa, to whom they
Offer’d living Children at the beginning of their Wars, and afterwards making
Merry with the Flefh, anointed the Image with the Blood : Moreover, if they re-
turn’d home Conquerors, they {pent feveral days in all manner of Debaucheries, as
Drinking, Singing, Dancing, Curting their Prifoners Throats, with their Blood
alfo anointing their Image. But if they were conquer’d, then they invented new
Offerings to reconcile themfelves with their Idol,-
The chief Towns and Places which the Spaniards inhabit here, are 1. Panama, ? Te" 24
Places ot chief
P Pp 2 the":
 AMERICA. Chap. Il,
the chief City of the Province, being alfo a Bifhop’s See, which is Suffragan to the
Arch-bifhop of Lima, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor and Courts of
Juftice for thefe Parts: Icis feared likewife upon the South Sea, and fonear, that
at High-water the Ships are {aid to Ride even under the Walls. Through this Town
the Wealth both of Peru and Spain pafleth once every Year ; from Spain by Nombre
other Commodi-
de Dios and Porto Bello, from whence whatfoever Merchandife or
ties come from Spain, are Tranfported to Panama by Land, and from thence by Sea
to all the Parts of Pera, and by Panama whatfoever comes from Peru, is fent
into Spain: It hath commonly a ftrong Garrifon of Soldiers in it, and is doubtlefs
a Place otherwife well fortifi’d, being of fo great importance. From the Haven
Pericos three Ways lead to Panama, the firtt along a Bridge over a River, whofe
Banks ate great Fortifications to the City, the rather becaufe the River is deep, and
next it a Pool over-grown with Weeds. The Way from Nombre de Dios plain and
without Woods, is wath’d by the Brook Levendero. The third runs along over a
Stone Bridge and Champain Grounds, that extend from the Haven Pericos to the
City. Eaftward from Panama appeat feven Royal Houfes on a Rock, wherein the
Courts of Judicature are kept. Five hundred Rods into the Sea lies an Mland re.
fembling a Half-Moon, and the Haven wherein the Ships when they unlade caft
Anchor, there being elfe not Water enough for laden Barques, and all lie dry, the
Tide beingont : At the Month thereof ftands a woodden Sconce. ‘The Places Venta
de (ruze, Chagre, Quebrada, and Ballano,are alfo fortifi'd againft any Invafion, where
elfean Enemy might eafily Land: But the’ ftricteft Watch is kept at the River
Chagre, which Weftward below Nombre de Dios falling into the Northern’ Ocean,
brings the Ships up to Venta de Cruze, from whence a Way fcarce five Leagues long
leads to Panama. Tche Spanifh Commodities confifting moft in Meal, Oyl, Biskets,
Cloth and Silk} are all brought from Nombre de Dios along the fame Way ; or elfein
“Winter when they cannot ftem the Current of the River Chagre, then they bring
their Goods by Land, not without great danger of being taken by the run-away
Negro’s, who fet upon them out of the Woods with poyfon’d Darts and Arrows ;
and as many Spaniards as they take, {q many feveral ways they put them to death,
becaufe they formerly in the time of their Servitude were us'd with all imaginable
Cruelties. "The Provifions fold here at a reafonable Rate are Maix, Peruan-Meal,
Poultrey, Honey, Cattel, Swine, Oranges, Lemmons, Cabbage, and all manner of
Garden Herbs or Plants. Round about the foreemention’d Royal Houfes lie Bul-
warks, with a ftrong Caftle on one fide. A fair Cathedral denotes the Place tobe
a Bifhtop’s See: And the Francifcans, Dominicans, and Monks of the Order De la
Merced, inhabit feveral fair Cloyfters here. Two Leagues Weftward is the Haven
it, is
Pericos, which being fecur’d from all Winds by three high Ifles that lie before
the chief Harbor in which the Peruan Plate-Fleet (confifting moft in {mall Barques)
comes to an Anchor before they touch at Panama... The Countrey is for the moft
part Mountainous, and in many places fends forth ftinking Damps out of muddy
Pools ; yet in fome places are Savanna Grounds for Cattel to Graze in. The Air
would alfo be more unhealthful, if it were-not clear’d by the Winds which blow
from the Sea. From July to Ofober there fall continual Rains, mix’d with terrible
claps of Thunder. The Inhabitants often recreate themfelves in Hunting ‘wild
Hogs, with Nets made of the Brambles call’d Nequen or Henachen, and that after a
ftrange manner: for they fet on fire the Bufhes all about the place wherethey fup-
pofe the Game to lie, which to fhun the Fire runs into their Nets, fo that the
{ame Bufhes are both their fhelter and deftruétion, as affording Material to make
‘the Nets wherein they are taken. Befides other Birds the Woods alfo abound with
| ”~” Pheafants
 Chap. I. | A MERIC 4. 197
Pheafants and-Tuttle-Doves ; and amongit Bealts, thofe that catry their Young |
about them in a Bag,.as alfo wild Cats.) The Sea’ abounds with Fifh,and produces
Crocodiles of a large fize, by the-Spaniards call’d Lagartos. The Trees are feldom
without Leaves, butbear little or no Fruit,
2 Nombre de:Dios, which hath broad Streets, high wooden Houfes, and a fair
Church : It extends from Eaft ro Weft along the Neaihens Ocean, in die middle
of agreat Wood on Moorifh Ground, having a great Fen on the Wett ; being ficu-
ate under an unwholfom Climate, it hath occafion’d the death of many People.
The Merchants which dwelt here had alfo'Habitations in Panama, (the reft of the
Houfes being moft of them Inns for Strangers) from whence as foon as they had
gotten an Eftate they went to Spain. The Countrey round about lies under Water
- jn many places. The Oranges, Caffada-Roots, and the like, which stow here, oc-
cafion many Diftempersto thofe that eat of them. In the Harbor, which hath on
* each fide a Ridge of Rocks, on which lies decay’d Forts, the Sea is often-times
fo turbulent, that the Ships are forc’d to Ride at fix Anchors apiece. Eaftward
from the City a frefh- Water River fallsinto the Haven, on whofe Banks ftand feve-
ral Garden-Houles-and Orchards, Anno 1595. Six Francis Drake arriving here, found
a Mill beyond the Cicy; not far from which on a Hill ftood a Watch-houfe, of
which having made himfelf Mafter, he fet fire on the Town Nombre de Dios, as alfo
on all the Veltels that were in the Harbor. The original of the Name NCoinbie de
Dios was on this occafion, biz. Diego’ Niquefa fetting Sail with three Ships out of
the Haven Carthagena to the Golden Countrey Veragua, was furpris’d by a violent
Storm, in which two Ketches, Commanded by Lupus de Olano and Peter Umbria were
and getting afhore, rang’d up and
driven out offight,whilefthe fuffer’d fhipwrack,
-down in'a defolate Countrey, where he found no other Food but Roots, tillarlaft |
he met with Olano ;when the Famine began to'increafe amongft them in fuch a
nature, that being {carce ableto carry their Arms, many of them werg kill’d by the
Inhabitants with poyfon’d Arrows, infomuch that of feven hundred there remain’d
{carce ninety : Nique{a fhipp’d as many of them in a new Veflel which they had
made as it could poffibly carry, and promis’d to fetch the reft off from Veragna as -
: foon as he had dilcover’d a Place fitco be inhabited : The firft Place he Landed at
was Puerto Bello; from whence being neceffitated by the Indians who gather'd toge-
ther to Retreat Ahosuds not without the lofs of feveral Men, he fet Sailto the Pro-
montory Mormor, beyond which he Anchor’d in a fecure Haven ;where, as he was
going afhore he call’d to his Men, faying, Saltiamo in tierra al Nombre de Dios, that is,
Let*us Land in the’ Name of God, and cafting up.a Fort againft the Aflaylts of the Naé
tives, call’d ic Nombre de Dios. |
_3- St. Philip, or Puerto Bello, fo-denominated by Chriftopher Columbus from its —
Haven lying alongthe North Sea, wonderful convenient and fecure, by reafon of
the good Ground for Anchoring, and a Creek in the fame, defended from all forts
of Winds, and which being furrounded with Woods, hatbimuch ovér-flow’d Land
about it, as alfo abundance of good Gravel for Ballatt. for which and feveral
other Biaalaris, the famous Architect Baptifta Antonelli savie’ d the Spanifh King, to |
"build this City for a Staple of Trade (in ftead of Nombre de Dios, which was found
unhealthy) having pitch’d upon an excellent Situation for it, viz, on a Plain at the
Foot of a Hill,where there are three freth Rivulets, meeting aie a fruitful and hot
Countrey : wherefore his Advice being taken, they firft built a Fore at the Mouth
of the Haven, put five Guns into the fame to defend the-new City, and’ on the
Shore a Qiong Tower with eight Drakes: Moreover, the Rocks along the Shore,
and clofe Woods about the Haven prevent the Landing of an cee But at
Pp 3 the
 :

AMERICA. Chap. II,

the very time that this City was juft begun to be built, Sir Francis Drake having
burnt Nombre de Dios, ran into the Hayen Puerto Bello, where he found ten Houfles,
belides the Governors Palace, and a Caftle whofe Breaft-works which the Spaniards
had lately rais’d of Timber,Stone,and Earth, were all demolifh’d by the Englifh: But
the Spaniards have fince re-built the fame, and fortifi’d the Haven, with two ftrong
Caltles, nocwithftanding in the Year 166x, it was furpriz’d and taken by the Englifh
under the Command of Captain Parker, and the Governor Petro Mélendex taken
Prifoner. | an
4. Nata, commonly call’d St. Jago de Nata, fituated on the Weft fide of this Pro-
vince,upon Mare del Zuror The South Sea; about thirty Leagues diftant from Panama,
_ towards the Borders of Veragua. ae |
5+ Acla, a Town upon the fame Coaft, but lying South-Eaft of Nombre de Dios :
It was at firft onely a Fort built by Peter de Arias, but afterwards grew up into a
{mall City, of which at prefent there is nothing remaining but the remembrance of
the famous Va/quez Nunnex, Beheaded by his Father-in-law Arias.
6. Laftly, La Crux Real, a few Leagues diftant from Panama, for the moft part
inhabited by a fort of Negro’s call’d Simmerones. rae’
Along the North Coaft of Panama are two {mall-woody Iflands call’d Cattiva and
Comagre, lying low in the Water ; alfo the Ifle De Pines, which rifes high out of the
Sea near the Main Land, ere | | |
rae * Onthe Southern Coaft are ole de lus Perlas, or The Ifles ofPearls, about twenty
five in number, bur indeed rather Rocks than Iflands, excepting two, viz. Taroreque
and Del Rios where in former times the Indians took great ftore of Pearls, by diving
for them to the bottom of the Sea; andthey were efteem’d of greater value and ex-
cellence than thofe of Cubagua, and great profit. was made of them by the Spaniards,
till by their Cruelties exercis’d upon the Natives through exceflive greedinefs, they
depopulated the Iflands, and loft that.alcogether of which before they were fo in-
fatiable ; they are now onely inhabited by.a few Moors and other Slaves, who keep
Cattel there for their Matters. | | | |
Coprain
Ox- Te will not feem amifs to conclude our Defcription of Panama with a fhort Ac:
pedo. count of the Englifh Captain John Oxenham’s Exploits in thefe Parts : ‘He being in-
cited by the Trealure which Sir Francis Drake fetch’d from hence, refoly’d to Steer
for the Northern Coaft of Panama, where he hal’d his Ship
of ahundred and twenty
Tun on Shore, and cover’d the fame with Trees, buried’ his Guns, and march’d
with two Field-Pieces and.feven Men up into the Countrey; and wasby the Indians
conducted toa River which falls into the South Sea, where he built 2 Pinnace
of forty five Foot long, and Sailing into the South. Sea, Landed on Tararequi,
one of the Iflands of Pearls; where he foon after took a Peryan Barque with fixty
thoufand pieces of Gold, fore of Wine and Bread, and the day following another
which came from Lima, loaden with a hundred thoufand Pound in Silver Bars,and
fome Pearls, with which being enrich’d he return’d tothe Main : The Governor
of Panama being inform’d of it, puta hundred Soldiers into four Barques, befides a
confiderable number of Negro Slaves ; over which Juan de Ortego having the chief
Command, was inform’d at Tararequi what Courfe the Englifh had fteer’d ; where-
upon he purfu’d them to the River whither they were gone, which falling with
three Arms into the Sea, they could not have known which way the Englifh went,
uniefs they. had feen fome Feathers of Fowls driving inthe Mouth of the leaft
Branch, by which they judg’d that they were not far off ; therefore Rowing up
they found after four days Journey the Pinnace hal’don Shore, and watch’d by fix,
Men, who were order’d to ftand Sentinel, whereof one being fhot by the gion
| ) Sats
 the sither Gv fled ; whom Ortega purfuing, found half League fromthe Shore a
Hut made of Boughs, wherein the Booty lay, which he {peedily carried to his
Barques ; but Captain Oxenham inform’d hereof,fell with two hundred Indians upon
the Spaniards, who having a Wood on their Backs made fuch advantage thereof; that
eleven Bnglifh were flain, and feven taken, and had not the teft fled, they had all
~ been either kill’d or ene Prifoners : Thole that were taken iaform’d Ortega that
they had been at difference amongft themfelves about dividing the Booty, which
was the reafon oftheir flaying fo long :_moreover, they difcover’d where and how
their Ship lay ; all which the Governor of Bisasinn writ to Nombre de Dios; from
whence four Sail were immediately fent to find out the Ship and the biveied Guns,
as alfo to take all {uch Englifh as they fhould find preparing of Boats or Barques,
and bring them to Panama; whereupon very many were taken, who were all mife-
rably flain, except a few Youths.

SecrT. IIL.

Darien.
D* which by fome Authors not being thought confiderable enough to Deleriprion
make a diftin& Province, is reckon’d one and the fame with, or at leah
part of, Panama, hath on the North the Diftri& or Circle of Panama ; on
the South, the new Kingdom of Granada; Eaftward it is bounded with the Gulf of
Urraba shpusiaid and fome part of the River Darien, which giveth Name to the
Province; and tothe Weft, withthe South Sea ; ofa moretemperate Air by far
than that of Panama, and a Soil fo admirably fenivfal and lufty, that they fay Me-
ons, Cucumbers, and generally all other Fruits of the Garden, are ripe and fit to
gather within twenty days or lefs, after their firft fowing, but very much infefted
by noxious Creatures, as Lyons, Leopards, wild Cats, Crocodiles, Serpents, and
Bats, after whofe Bitings a Man bleeds to death, unlefs he wafhes che Wound well
with Sea-water, or ftop it with hot Afhes; sd no lefs by the unwholfomnefs of
the Air, which is infefted by the many inking Damps that arife from the muddy
Pools. The Inhabitants are fickly, and feeming generally to be troubled with the
Yellow Jaundice, never attain to a great Age : they gonaked, the Men onely co-
vering their Privities with a Shell or Corton-Cloth : The Women wear.a Cloth
which reaches from the Middle downto their Knees, but if Women of Quality,
to their Feet.
The Spaniards have many years ago made thiingelivcs Matters of this Province of Sofie
Darien, in which Alphonfus Fogeda built the City Sebaftian, which was inhabited till whom bail
a Spanifh Knight call’d Ancifivs, Anno 1510. built Antiqua, and made it a Bifhop’s
See, which by reafon of the unwholfomnefs of the Place was remov’d to Panama,
when Vafquex, Nunnex difcover'd theSouthern Ocean,Anno 15 90-becaule Antiqua lay
on a low Ground between high Mountains, where the Sun burnt exceedingly,
and the Wayto the South Sea,being three Leagues from thence, it was very trou-
blefom to convey Merchandife thither.
But a worfe Accident befell the Town S¢. Cruiz, which being built by the Spanih
Captain Peter de Arias, was ruin'’d by the Indians.
The chief Riversare 1. Darien, which gives Name both to the Province and the Rirers
Provincial Town, and falls into the Gulf of Urraba, being a large Arm of the Sea,
eight Leagues over atthe Mouth thereof. 2. Rio de las Redas, which runs in like
manner through the Province of Nova Andalaia and falls seesinto the fame Gulf.
So
 4.00 uf M PREC oe Chap. I.
Solikewife doth. 3. Rio de la Trepadera. 4. Corobaci. 5. Beru, chiefly remarkable up-
on this Confideration, that fome curious Etymologifts have endeavor’d to derive
the Name of Peru from this River, by the alteration onely of the initial Letter.
Places of
chief note. The chief, and indeed the onely Town of this Traét is Darien, built as aforefaid
by Encifus, a Spanifh Adventurer, and by him call’d St. Maria Antiqua, and by others
The Antique of Darien, being one of the firft Towns that were built by the Spaniards
on the firm Land; though there are who make mention of two other {mall Towns
or Villages, the one nam’d at leaft, if not built by the Spaniards, viz. Los Angelos,
fcarce inhabited at prefent by any but the Salvages ;theother an antient Town of |
the Natives, call’d Bizu. Tur
i:

SECT. IV.

New Andaluzia.
Delcription
of New Au- Aftward of Darien and the Gulf of Urraba, lieth the Countrey of New Andalue
daluzia,
8 zia, otherwife call’d Carthagena, from the Name of its principal City: On
the Eaft it hath the Countrey call’d St. Martha; on the North, the Main
Ocean ; and New Granada towards the South. It is for the moft part a Mountains
ous Countrey, and full of Woods,which they fay yield abundance of Rozen, Gums,
and fome very good Balfams ; alfo a fort of Long-pepper, much fharper than that
of Eaft-India. But the Plains, by reafon of much Rain, towhich the Countrey ‘is
fubject, efpecially for fome times of the year, of but a fpewy and cold Soil. The
Spaniards at their firft coming found it a rich Countrey, not fo much from the Na-
ture and Profits of the Soil (thoughit be faid tohave fome Minesin it, and thofe of
Gold). but by reafon of a certain Opinion and Refpeét, which the Americans of thefe
Parts are generally faid to have born towards this Countrey, ‘infomuch that they
would be brought and buried there from other Places very remote; and accord-
ding to the Cuftom of the Countrey, not without'good ftore of Gold and other
Jewels, according to the Quality and Condition of the Perfon that was buried :
of which the Spaniards {oon gain’d Intelligence, and in ranfacking the Graves and
Monuments of the Dead, are {uppos’d to have found an infinite Mafs of Treafure:
but thofe Mines are long fince exhaufted, ye ar AG Te
Nature and
Cuftoms of
The Inhabitants of old fuffer’d great prejudice by Tygers and Serpents; yet
the antient
Inhabitants.
neverthele{s this Countrey was very populous before the Spaniards arrival here, the
Natives wore Cotton Aprons before, and Golden Rings about their Arms and
Legs, as alfo Strings of Pearl, and thelike. ‘The Women here, as in the reft of thefe
Parts, went with their Husbands into the Wars, and behav’d themfelves valiantly,
fhooting poyfon'’d Arrows, infomuch that Martin Ambe/us took a Maid, Anno 15095
who had kill’d twenty eight Spaniards. sief ft Tt Ty Me
The Coun-
trey Drraba.
To the Province Carthagena belongs alfo the Countrey Urraba, which is fo fiuit-
ful, that all kind of Spanifh Trees and Seeds grow better here than in’Spain : Befides
which it hath its own Fruit, as alfo abundance of Pine and Palm-Trees, whofe
Leaves ferve for Brooms. The Guaiana-Tree bears a fharp kind of Fruit like a
Lemmon, the Guaravana a Kind of Cittrons, the Mameifa a Fruit not unlike an
Orange, but tafting like a Melon, and the Hovos a great Plum.
Their Gardens abound with the Root Batata, whofe Leaves fend: forth feveral
Strings, which over-{preading the Ground faften in,the Earth,and take new Roots:
it is yellow without, and whitifh within, and bears pale green Flowers, whichat -
laft turn to a Cod full of Seed. Thefe Roots: roafted in hot Afhes, exceed our Eve
ropean
}
f
 ee
—
et
2
A

Ul
inm is
i i
4 vos
|4
Ae

4
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7.aien8ent ' ‘
I
TE
Pa a
I

KK
—
——
ee
Te
-
 Chap. II. | AMERICA. 4.61
ropean Turnip; and beaten and put in Water till ic works Over, makes a Dritik,
with which the Indians Drink and Caroufe till they are Drunk,
Moreover, Urraba abounds in Venifon, Fifh, and all forts of ravenous Creatures, A ating!
as Tygers, Lyons, and a particular ftrange Beaft as big as an Ox, having an Ele- —
phants Nofe, Horfes Feet, and hanging Ears,
The Trees likewife {warm with Birds, and eipecidlivanear Lakes or Pools breed
Pheafants and Parrots, of which fome sé bigger than Capons, others no bigger
than Chickens.
Againft Urraba juts the Mountain Abibe, whofe length Weftward remains un- Am Moun:
ain Abibe, —
known ; the breadth theteof in fome places is about twenty Leagues; it hath
many Ways which:cannot be travell’d with Horfes. The top of this Mountain is
uninhabited; but along the Valleys, which are many and large, dwelt formerly a
People that poftels‘d great Riches in Gold, which they gather’d out of Rivulets
that fell Weftward from the tops of the Mountains. It Rains here almoftall the
year long, which makes the Ways very bad for Travellers to pafs.
At the Foot of this Mountain, towards the South, lie two {mall antient Cafiique-
doms, if we may fo call thems, formerly inhabited iya valiant People, call’d Tarabe
de Zenu, whether chiefly che dead Bodies were brought from all the adjacent
Countreys, to be buried in great State, as hath been before intimated.
The principal Towns and Places of note are 1. Charthagena, (fo call’d either Tov
Places 4
of
from the refemblance of its Situation with the City (arthagena in the Kingdom of ma
Murcia belonging to Old Spain, or becaufe the firft Inhabitants were Citizens of the
faid City) which was begun to be built Anno 1532. by Peter de Heredia, but fully fini
fhed by Georgio Robledo, eight years after the firft Foundation thereof was laid.
This Epifcopal Metropolis is on'the North wafh’d by the North Sea over a plain
fhallow Ground ; on the Land fide the Sea flows through a narrow Bay by the
City towards the Lake (anupote, which ebbs and flows equal with the Ocean, and
receives and difcharges its Water through two Pipes which lie under along Bridge,. The Defcri-
ption of Care
joyning Carthagena to the Main Coaft. This City boafted long fince above five thagena,
hundred Stone Houfes, ,being divided into twenty fix large Streets, whereof four
are fix hundred and twenty Paces long: behind each Houfe is a Girden’; and the
‘Church appears above all the other Buildings : The Dominicans Cloyfter is alfo
fairly built ; neithex;is the Francifcans inferior to it, who alfo poflefs a fecond Edi-
fice on the Main Continent overs the Bridge. The Cuftom-houfe and Court where
_ the Courts for the whole Province of Carthagena are kept, are alfo ftately Struatures.
The Haven hath two Entrances, the chiefeft whereof lies half a League Eaftward
from the City, and the Weftern, call’d La Boca, is as far again ; both very dange-
rous, becaufe of the many blind Rocks that lie before them. Anno 1585. when Sir
Francis Drake took (arthagena by Storm, the whole was fortifi’d with Sconces,° be-
fides two Forts for the better fecurity thereof, whereof one lock’d up the narrow
Mouth of the Haven with a ftrong Chain; not far from-which ftood an Abbey,
Dedicated to the Francifcans, and Wall'd round about ; fince which they have {e-
veral Out-works, Forts and Towers, to prevent all foreign Invafions. The City
gtows wealthy daily by the Pernan Plate-Fleet putting in there before they go to
Spain, and efpecially by the Trade from New Granada along the River Magdalena.
The Ifland before the Haven, antiently call’d Codega, now Carex, inhabited by
Fifhersmen when the Spaniards Landed there, is now defolate, the remainder of
thofe that were deftroy’ d by them being fled to wild places from the Spaniards Cru-
elties; notwithftanding the People hereabouts were valiant enough to Engage
with them. But fince the Devaftation made by Sir Francis Drake, Carthagena hath
7 receiv'd
 AMERICA. Chap. Il.
receiv'd a more fatal Blow; for it was {carce fully repait’d, when five French Pri-
vateers burnt the City to Afhes : which Mifchief was oceafion’d by a Spanifh Sea-
man, who being whipt by Command of the Governor, refolving for Revenge,
went, from Spain to France, and conducted the foresmention’d Ships to Carthagena,
where he reveng’d himfelfoa the Governor ; for finding him afleep, he fittt wak’d
him, and after having told him of his caufing him to be Whipt, he kill’d him.
The Booty which the Spaniards carried from thence at that time amounted to above
a hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats. : ) 16
The Balfam
of Tel very
2. Tolu, by the Spaniards now call’d St. Fago, twelve Leagues diftant from Cur.
famous.
thagena, a Place memorable for the excellent Balfam which is brought from
thence, and commonly call’d The Balfam of‘Tolu:; it’ is gather'd in a Spoonful of
black Wax, ftuck under the Hole cut in the Bark of alow Pines Tree, out of which.
in hot Weather runs a Golden: colour’d Gum, very foveraign, and of an excellent
{melly ; a es
3- St. Crux de Mopox, a neat Town, feated a little above the confluenceof
’ the
two Rivers, St. Martha and Magdalena, which waters this Province. ) :
4. Baranca de Nolambo, a Place of great Traffick, efpecially for all Commodities
of the new Kingdomof Granada ;» it ftandeth upon the Banks of the River Magdas
lena, and about fix Leagues diftant from the Sea. hea |
5- Buena Vifta, otherwife call’d St. Sebaftian de Buena Vifta, a’ Town commodi-«
oufly feated upon a rifing Ground not far from the Gulf of Urraba, ot the Sound
of
Darien, abouts a Leagueand a half from the Sea. wee SG }
6. Villa de St. Maria, thirty Leagues Southward of Carthagena. EGS +
Rivers of
Carthagena, The Province of Carthagena is ftor’d with: many Brooks ‘and great Rivers,
amongft which the Stream Cauca falls into the River Magdalena, beyond Popayan
near Mopox.
:

The River Zenu, which gives Denomination: to the above-mention’d Ter-

ritory, makes a very convenient Harbor with its Mouth, where much Salt is to
be had, | |
The Daria,which runs between Panama and Carthagena into the Inlet Urraba, gives
its Denomination to the foregoing Province, through which jit alfo runs, as hath
been already mention’d, ~ | 2 :
The River which for its greatne(s is call’d Rio Grande, or Magdalena, (becanfe it £
_ was difcoyer’d on the Day Confecrated to that Saint) falls with fuch force into
the
Northern Ocean, about twenty thrée Leagues Eaftward from Carthagena, that rune
ning two Leagues broad and ten long into the Sea,itretains its frefhnefs of Water;
in which there lying many Rocks, makes the fame very dangerous for Ships. In the
Mouth of the-Haven lies an Ifland, which is divided by the River, the wideft
and
moft frequented Channel of which refpeéts Sts Martha, where thofe that carry the
Merchandife up this Stream to New Granada, {pend two Moneths in Toeing
, when-
as they come from thence in three Weeks. a Sy oo
‘Thunder and Lightning rages here many times after a terrible manner from
Midnight till Morning. In January there falls alfo abundance of Rain, which
gli-
ding from the Mountains {wells the River exceedingly. Je y
Chap. Ik: ud MERIC 4. 4.03
S tc teyVi |

St. Martha. °- pentaierrs® | |

T. Martha, fo call’d from the chief City of the Province, is boider’d on the Peirtion
Welt with New Andaluzia ; on the Eaft, with Rio dela Hacha; on the North,”
with the Ocean; and onthe South, with New Granada; It is about three-
fcore and ten Leagues in length, and not much lefs in breadth : It was antiently
diftributed into feveral little Seignories, Govern’d by (afiques, or petty Princes, viz,
Poxigueica, Betoma, Buritaca, Chimola, inhabited by valiant Men and beautiful Wo-
men, and above all the reft, Tairona, (whofe People for a- long time maintain’d
War againft the Spaniards) lying at the Foot of the high Mountains Sierras Nevadas,
whofe fnrowy Crowns are feen thirty Leagues off at Sea, and run along in a contis
nu’d Ridge through'Peru and (pili to the Straights of Magellan. 3
This Countrey was Difcover’d, and part of it Planted, Anno 1524. by Roderic de
Baftredas, who afterwards was murder’d in his Sleep by his own People.
The Sun fhines fo exceeding hot near the Sea-coaft, that there isno enduring of 7hNun
the fame, but upin the Countrey the {nowy Mountains occafion great Cold,and in ga st \
Harveft and Offober it Rains exceedingly, whereas at othertimes it is very dry Wea- 2% ofse
ther, and the Winds blow generally gut of the Eaft or North-Baft, yet the Lands cl
Breezes coming out of the Weft bring fometimes Rains with them. From the
Mountains, which are ftony and barren, fall many Brooks and Rivers, which wa-
ter divers Plains, the Grafs and other Plants of which are often blafted by violent
Storms ; neverthelefs Oranges, Lemmons, Granates, and all forts of Spanifh Garden’
Fruits grow hete in great plenty. The Woods afford likewife Pigeons, Partridges,
Venifon, and the like’, the Rivers all manner of Fifh, which are feen to {wim in
great numbers twenty Yards under the Water, efpecially in the Haven St. Martha,
near which formerly liv’d many Fifher-men, who with Nets made of tough Twigs
pleited together, caught fuch plenty of Fifh, that they furnifh’d all their Neighbors.
The High-ways are made dangerous by Lyons, Tygers, and Bears.
ry
‘The Countrey Buritaca affords the Inhabitants Gold , Tairona, excellent Stones ofSStPrecious
againft Bleeding and the Gravel, Jafper, Porphyr, and Gold ; the Valley Tunia, irae
many rich Emeraulds, which Stones us’d tobe in great efteem before America pro-
due’d {uch great numbers of them. Acofta relates, That a Spaniard defiring to know
the Price of an Emerauld, fhew'd two to an Italian Jeweller, who valu’d the one at
a hundred, the othet at three hundred Ducats ;but foon after feeing a Cheft full of
the Roman |
them,faid they were fcare worth a Ducat apiece ; and that the Sute which
Du-
Lady wore, being befer with Emeraulds, and valu’d at four hundred thoufand
‘cats, would not fell now for half fo much. This Stone or Jewel exceedingly fortifies
the Sight, wherefore the Emperor Nero reprefented the bloodydncounters of Fen-
cers inan Emerauld. It is alfo judg’d to be good againft the Falling-ficknels,
wherefore the Indians hang them in their Nofes to thisday, and adorn their Idols
and in
with them; they grow in ftony Rocks along Veins, not unlike Cryftal,
are
time obtaina glittering Greennels;the biggeft of them that are found in this Age
moff® efteem’d of in Gehia. The Emerauld Pillar, which as a wonderful Orna-
amongft
ment ftood in Hercules’s Temple in the City of Tyrus, being very famous
the Antients, was without doubt no more than a green Stone, and perhaps of the
fame Material, was'the Pillar erected by the Arabian King Miramamolines, in the Ca-
Zimenes,
thedral at Corduba. But the great fame of thele Emeraulds incited Gonzalvex
j ! Gover-
 Governor of St. Martha, to leave his Place and {eek for them; to which end he
Sail’d up the Rivulet Gayra with two Ketches and forty five Spaniards, who mecting
with the Cafique Bagotta, got much Gold of him, and afterwards went to the
Valley Teffuca; of which Simandoca being Governor, conducted Ximenex twenty
three Leagues farther to an Emerauld Rock, from whence he return’d exceedingly
enriched ; the rumor of which {preading up and down, made feveral travel thi-
ther ; amongft whom was Peter di Lugo, Governor of Terra Firma, who fending for
Aid from (arthagena, fought his way to Bagotta, who refifted him for fome time,
till ac laft being defeated he made Peace with them for a confiderable quantity of
“igfiat Gold ; which when Peter di Lugo had receivd, not regarding his Word, he plun-
othe Na~ der’d all the Countrey, and having committed all imaginable Cruelties on the Na-
| tives, return’d home with an invaluable Mafs of Gold and Emeraulds to St. Mar-
be al tha. Wot long after the Welfares, German Knights, came from Venezuela, (which Ci-
ty the Emperor Charles the Fifth Morgag’d to them Anno 1518.) and travell’d
through the fnowy Mountains of St. Martha with Indian Guides, whofe Inftrue
étions following, they digg’d many Emeraulds out of the Valley Funia ; the Inhaz
bitants of which affrighted at the fight of the Strangers, hang’d themfelves out of
defpair, though naturally valiant, and ingenious in working in Tapeftry the
fhapes of Tygers, Lyons, and other Beafts, and painting on the Walls of their
Houfes variety of Figures of divers colours, covering their Floors with Mats neatly
pleited of Rufhes® They fed on Fifh, Venifon, and Mans-flefh, and alfo on the
Roots Agies, tafting like Chefnuts, Yuca, Maiz, Batata, and Caffada.
Chief Cities The chief Cities and Places of principal note in this Province are 1. St. Martha,
ofnoie: which gives Denomination to the whole Province, it ftands built at the North Sea,
which makes a large and convenient Harbor, being defended from the Winds by
high Mountains and two Ifles, is a Bifhop’s See, and hatha large Cathedral. The
Houfes built of Canes are cover’d with Palmito-Trees, and {ome with woodden
Shingles. The Haven hath neither Fort nor Caftle to defend it, becaufe there is
no Trade but with the Indians, which bring Earthen Ware and Cotton Clothes to
fell, and becaufe the Spanifh Ships feldom come hither, the Place is much. gone to
decay, andthe-more, becaufe it is no way defended againft any Aflault of an Ene-
my, which the French, and afterwards the Englifh, under the Command of Sir Francis
Drake, and the following Year under Captain Anthony Shirley took advantage of, and
plundet’d and burnt the City.
24 Teneriff, built on’ the Banks of the River Magdalena, forty Leagues from
St. Martha. |
3. Tamalameque, otherwife call’d Villa de las Palmas, twenty Leagues South of Te-
™_—
——- -a neriff, lying ona high ftony Ground ; between which are plain Paftures for Cattel,
: _*
a5->*
+«—~«
furrounded with high Woods, asalfo Pools made by the over-flowing of the Ri-
vers, whofe Banks are inhabited by the Indians, who are much addicted to Sleep and
—_
.-al
~“ -

Drinking. The Pools before mention’d produce abundance of Fifh, as alfo Cro-.
i
i
©)
ee
eee
lt.
yy
ate

codiles, and the terrible Manati before defcrib’d. ©

4+ Qcanna, which hath an Inland Haven,
Se 5. Ramada, formerly call’d New Salamanca, ftanding at the Foot of the Mountain
call’d Sierras Nevadas. This Town is famous for its Copper and Brafs Mines...
6. Cividad de los Reyes, which built in the Valley Upari, fYands on the Shore of the
mighty River Guataporeya, where from the beginning of January till May the Eaftern
Breezes moderate the Heat, otherwife intolerable : But the continual Rains there-
about occafions the Quartan Ague, and many fuch like Diftempers. The Natives
hereabouts, falvage and valiant, would never fubmit to the Spaniards. The peculiar
; | ie 7 Plants
dbkp: iH. AMERICA. 3 4.0$
Tree
The peculiar Plants of this Place are the Tree Xagua, which bears a Britt like ite
4 Raifin, which dry’d and ground yields exceeding good Méal for Bread: |
The Root Scorzonera, which cures the Bitings 4: Serpents. The adsense alfo ule The Root |
againft the fame Evil, as they take Tobacco Scorgonera,
the Tail of aSerpent for a Remedy
the Powder in at nyt Noftrils, and drink ©
againft the Falling-ficknefs, and {nuff
the Juice thereof to caufe Loofnefs.
The chief Rivers of this Province, are 1. Polomino, fo call’d froma Spanifh Cap- Chief Rite
tain, that was drown’d there with his Horfe, falling ed the Sierras Nevadas.
2. Guatupori, whofe Water caules the Bloody-flux and Loofnefs, which again is
eut’d by the fame Water drink with beaten Cinamon. Gaatpori reckons many
Rivulets, amongft which the Cefar and Budillo are both large, deep, and abounding
with Fifh.
Near the City Los Reyes aré three great Water-pits, triangular between ftony
Cliffs; nigh which a Tradition goes, That of old there lurk’d a terrible Serpent,
whan. at times devour’d a thoufand People; infomuch that none durft dwell there-
abouts, till certain Spaniards having the hardinefs and curiofity to go {eek out this
Serpent, heard a great noife in the Pits, but faw ee like the fore-mention’d
Animal.
Here are likewife feveral Fountains of Pitch and Tir.
>

Sect. VI.

« Rio dela Hacha.

R' de la Hacha is the Name of a little Province lying 6n « the North-Eaft of Rive a Ha
St. Martha, wath’d on all other parts with the Waters of the Main Ocean,
or with theGulf or Bay of Venezuela.
The chief Towns of this Province, are 1. A {mall Town call’d De la Hacha, chiefTowne
which gives Denomination tothe faid Province, having no convenient Haven, vice
but otherwife feated in a Soil-very rich and fertile: not onely of all forts of Brits
and Plants, efpecially fuch as are brought from Shain) but likewife in many Mines
of Gold, Gems of a large fize and great value, and many excellent Salt-Wiches, as
they callthem; Itis eight Leagues diftant from Salamanca aforefaid, and eighricdd
frome Cape Villa, the moft Wefterly Point or Foreland of the Bay of Wihesila and
with the reft had the hap to be furpris’d and pillag’d by the Englifh with Sir Francis
Drake in the Year 1595. who refus’d twenty four thoufand Ducats, which the Go-
vernor proffer’d him for the Pearls he had taken.
2. Rancheria, fix Leagues Eaftward of La Hacha, inhabited chiefly by Pearl-
Fifhers, or fuch as get their Living for the moft part by Fifhing for Pear, which
was wont to be good on thefe Coatfts.
3. Tapia, five Leagues from La Hacha, and bch aderdule: for that the adjacent
Parts were laid wafte by the Englifh, to revenge the peridioulielt of the Governot
of Salamanca, refufing to pay the four thoufand Ducats he had promis ‘d,upon Con+
dition of their {paring the Town.
a ie
The laft King of thofe that Govern ‘d in any of thefe Provinces of Terra Firma, sites
was Abibeca, who could not be won to come down from his Palace, which he had hisProrat
on the top ofa Tree, till a Spanifh Officer, one Francifco de Vanquex began to lay an
Ax to the Root thereof.
After Didaco Nique/a, Alphoufo Oreda, and Ancifo, had made very large Difcove-
ries in thefe Provinces, Valboa was the finkthat difcover’d the Way to the South-Sea.
Qg - CHAP.
 ERI Cos. Chap. Ill.

SSeS
OSeteRGRRRES
eS

New Granada.
Fir Difeo. He new Kingdom of Granada, as tis commonly call’d, was for the moft
Graatae part both difcoyer’d and conquer’d by Gonfalvo Set about the Yeat
1536.and with fo good fuccefs, that in lefs than a years {pace, the whole «
Countrey was quietly fetled under the Spaniards Government, and the Captain with
his fmall Company had made fhift to gather together fuch a Mafs of Treafure as
may feem almoft incredible, viz, from the Reguli, ot petty Princes of thofe Coun-
treys, whom he had either deftroy’d or made Tributary. Buta more particular
Relation of Ximenes his Journey take as followeth:
Gewfalve X/ Being fent out by Peter Ferdinando de Lugo, to difcover the Countreys that lay
petition. along the River Magdalena, he travell’d upon the right fide of it with great trouble;
for not onely the brambly Woods, Moors, and deep Brooks, made the Way oaee
ding bad to be travell’d, but alfo the Erhabiceacs: who fellupon him from their
Ambufcades : yet at laft he reach’d Tor4, which Name he chang’d into Pueblo de los
Bracos, becaufe four Rivers unite their Watersthere. Here ordering his Brigan-
tines which were come up the River to caft theit Anchors, he judg’d it convenient
to ftay all the Winter, becaufe the fwoln Rivers had drown’d the adjacent Coun.
trey. Ximenes obferving that the Indians fetch’d Salt from the Sea-fide, judg’d that
the Countrey was inhabited, and therefore in fair Weather march’d up to the
Mountain Opox, behind which he found a Countrey full of Salt-pools, which pro. ©
duc’d Cakes of Salt. And fomewhat farther the Province Govern’d by the Cafique
Bogata, who at firft refifting
the Spaniards, was foon put to flight, when he heard the
-noife of the Guns. The Panches divided from Bogata’s Countrey by a {mall Moun-
tain, alfo maintaining continual Wars with him, fuffer’d the Spaniards unmo-
lefted co cravel through their Countrey, and the Valley La Trompetta, toa high bar-
ren Mountain, on the top of which Xémenes found feveral Emeraulds; and going
from thence fell upon the Cafique Tunia, and three days Journey farther, upon the
Governors Sagamofa and Diutama ; from which three Countreys he carried above a
hundred and ninety thoufand pieces of fine Gold, fifty. five thoufand pieces of in-
different Gold, and eighteen hundred Emeraulds ; all which the Spaniards left behind
with Guards whileft they went backto Bogata, whom they found lying dead of his
Wounds onahigh Hill: But Sagipa, Bogata’s Succeflor, receiv’d Ximenes with great
Civility, tHengage his Afliftance againft his Neighbors the Panches; which he did
not refufe him: but afterwards he fell moft perfidioufly upon the {aid Sagipa, whom
he caus’d to be Executed, becaufe he either could not, or would not difcover where
thofe Riches were which Bogata had left behind him. After he had pillag’d the
_ little Region Neyba, and brought into {ubjection the whole Countrey, he gave it
the Name of New Granada, from Granada the place of his Nativity, being the chief
City of the Kingdom of Seucalesin Spain, and buile the City Santa Fe ;whichdone,
he quitted the Place, upon information that Sebaftian de Bewaleazar. coming from
Popayan, was feeking a Way Northward , and not long after him Nicholas Federman
follow’d, each claiming New Granada as theit Right, whereas Ximenes. alledg’d,
That the firft Difcovery thereof was to be afcribed to him onely : ac laft Agree-
ing, they refolv’d that it fhould be at the King of Spain's difpofal.
| 7 The
 Chap ik =e MERICA ss
The antient Inhabitants, nam’d Moxas, A divided theit Countrey into two Chief the Nature é
- : Aas “ : é : - -, and Cuitom
Principalities, viz, Bogota and Tunica, which before the Spaniards Artival were cach oft Bax”
under their particular Cafique or Prince. The Men were of a good proportion;
the Women alfo handfomer, and of a fairer Complexion than their Neighbors :
Their Habit alfo confifted of black, white, and divers colour’d Cotton Cloaks,
and fome alfo had Bonnets of the fame. The temperatenefs of the Climate makes
little difference between Winter and Summer. Their Houfes were of Planks, and
cover'd with long Rufhes. Their chiefeft Food was Maix and Caffave, which firft
_ grows on Stalks as large as Canes, containing very large and weighty Spikes of
Ears, each Ear generally yielding feven hundred Grains, which are Planted in hot
and moift Ground; one Bufhel Sow’n, generally produces three hundred. Bur the
Maiz is diftinguifh’d into.a courfer or finer fort, which laft is call’d Moroche, the
Leaves and Canes whereof afford a wholfom Provender for Horfes, and the Corn,
Bread for the Inhabitants, who make it feveral ways ; for fometimes they boy] it in
Water,and at other times parch it in Afhes, or grind it to Meal, which kneading in- |
to Dough, they make into Cakes, Biskets, and the like : Moreover, Maix fteep’d in
Water,and after being boyl’d and fet a working,makes a very ftrong Liquor. They
alfo ufe CafJada, which they ntake of the Root Yuca, which being large and thick, is
cut in pieces, grated, and all its Juice, which is deadly poyfon, being preis’d out,
is Bak’d in thin Cakes. There is likewife another {drt of Yuca, which hath not fo
poyfonous a Juice, keeping good a long time, and isboth wholform, and of agood
tafte. The Natives of old liv’d much upon the Roots Yonws, and Cubids, all forts of
Venifon, Fowls, and Fifh, which the Rivers and Lakes afford in gieat abundance.
Thofe that are left of the Natives, area deceitful, crafty, and ingenious fort of
People, very apt to learn Art, and to Trade with Sale'to Rio Grande, and the
Mountain Opou. |
Befides Copper and Steel-Mines, this Couatiey hath alfo feveral of Gold; and
the Fields produce all manner of Plants.
The Panchas which remain are yet a falvage People, but their Countrey is an in- The Nature
of the Pan-
different fertile Soil, though not in all places alike ; for thofe which border upon chas.

Tunia fed much heretofore on Pifmires, of which fome being long, have double
Wings, others leffer and without Wings; which laft fort being roafted, are acs
counteda great Dainty, anda {peedy Remedy againft the Diftemper of the Giavel.
There are alfo a fort of venomous Pifmires, which ftinging a Man, caufe a {well-
ing and great itching, and thefe ate call’d Tayoques, whofe Stings are cur'd by a
Plaifter of bruis’d Pifmires. | :
The Countrey is bounded’on the North with (a/lella Aurea aforefaid ; on the The Bourds
and Dimenfi-

Weft, with Mare del Zur, onthe Eaft, with Venexwela; the Southern parts of it ons of Nova
Granada,

being not well difcover’d, by reafon of certain huge and unpaflable Mountains,
which block it up wholly on that fide, fave onely where a Paflage is kept open in-
to the Province of Peru, {pecially fo call’d : It containeth in length about a hun-
dred and thirty Leagues, and not much lefs in breadth, being for the moft part a
very healthful Countrey, and abounding in Mines of the beft fort of Metal, befides
others of Brafsand Iron. It is {ubdivided into thefe two Provinces, viz: Granada
and Popayana. |

Qyq i S£c tT.

 of M ERICA. Chap. Il.
Secr. Il.

Granada.
Defeription Cy a {pecially fo cali‘d, is a Countrey of a very temperate and good Air,
as hath been before obferv’d, neither fubje& to over-much Cold, nor to
extremity of Heat ; which isthe moreto be admir’d by reafon of its neare
nefs to the Line, from which it is diftant Northward buta very few Degrees.
tae The Towns and Places of chief importance are, 1. St. Foy, commonly call’d
St. Foy de Bagota, which was the old Name of ‘this Province, and to diftinguith it
from another St.Foy,in the Countrey of New Mexico above mention’d. Jt is the Me-
tropolis and Capital City of this Province, an Arch-bifhop’s See, and the ordinary
Refidence of the Governor, built by the above-mention’d Gonfalvo Ximenes upon
the Lake call’d Guatavita, and hath been long fince inhabited by above fix hundred
Families of Spaniards. | jt RS,
2. St. Michael, twelve Leagues Northward of St. Foy, and a well Traded Town.
The Indians that dwell about this Place being above five thoufand, pay great Tri-
bute yearly. Not far from hence lies the Lake Guatavita, where the Inhabitants in
former times Offer’d much Gold to their Idols. 7
3. Tocaima, fourteen Leagues Weftward from St. Foy, within a Territory which
antiently belong’d to the Panches,who yet poffefs the worft part of it, lying ftill wild
and unreduc’d : Ic is fituate on the Banks of the great River Pati, which falls into
Commodities the Rivulet Magdalena. ‘This City, which enjoys the benefit of a wholfom Cli-
treyofTe: mate, is furrounded with Mines of Gold, Copper, Silver, and Lead. And befides
"the Fruits of the Countrey, all Spanifh Plants thrive exceedingly after once Planted,
and though Sheep willnot breed here, yet Kine, Hogs, and Goags increafe daily,
but are often devour’d by Tygers, Lyons, and Bears. The Woods produce Nut-
Trees, Cedars, Guatacum, or Pock-Wood,and the wonderful Tree Zeyba, whofe Leaves
fall off every twelve hours, and grow again. The Fowls of this Countrey are maz
ny and feveral. Near the City are fulphurous Fountains, whofe Waters cure Scabs
and Leprofie. Inthe Valleys alfo flow Springs of fale Water, which thrown on
Herbs, turns to Rozen and Pitch, and is good to make Boats tight. The tops of
the Mountains are continually cover’d with Snow, notwithftanding fome of them
vomit forth horrible Flames and Afhes, which are blown feveral Leagues over the
Countrey. The viciffitude of the Weather occafions two Summers and two Win-
ters ; the firft Summer begins in December, and the {cond in Fune ; the firft Winter
accordingly begins in March, and the other in Oéober.. This alteration of Seafons
is not diftinguifh’d by any change of Heat or Cold, but the continuance of fair
Weather during the Summer, and inthe Winter, of fuch terrible Hurricanes, chat
blow from North to South, or from South to North, with fuch Thundering and
Lightning, as if the end of the World were athand. The chiefeft Trees that grow
here are Cedars, and one that bears exceeding great Almonds. The Quague allo
bearsa pleafant Fruit about the bignefs of a Goofe-Egg ; and the Fig-Tree, Figsas _
large as Oranges. The Agnapa which grows here is of fuch a nature, that an Euros
pean fleeping under it, {wells exceedingly, but an Indian burfts. The Bark and
Sprigs of the Hobo, which grows high and round, ferve againft Swellings and Ul-
cers, and occafion alfo Looinefs. Sugar-Canes grow alfo here in great abundance,
amongf{t which feed certain Beafts like Hogs, whole Navels grow on their Backs ; —
4 L] and large Stags. The Fountains in moft places of this Countrey run with falc
|
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 Chap. I «eo MER ICA | Diehl
s: The Natives,
Water; and (onietimes Salt is found berwen frefh-Water Brook
over eating
whoare valiant, fubtile, and well proportion’d, are fince their giving
Heathenifh Idola-
of Mans-Alefh much increas’d, and many of them forfaking their
try, have embrac’d the Roman-Catholick Religion.
4. La Palma, built Auno1572- ina certain Territory, the People whereof were
i |
antieritly call’d Mufi and Colyme.
out of
5. Trinidad, which is indeed the antient Tudela renew’d, or 4 City {prung
run-
the Ruines thereof. This Tudela ftoed on the Shore of the River Zarbi, which
the fame Terri-
ning between high Mountains, makes the Rivulet Turatena, and in
Spaniards,
tory as La Palma above mention’d, viz, of the Mu/i & Colyme,by whom the
who had here a Colony, were fo exceedingly molefted,that they deferted the fame,
en Place
together with their Governor Peter de Orfua: yet not long after the forfak
modi-
was again re-built by the Name of Trinidad. but that Place proving incom
be feen on a
ous, wasagain abandon’d, and a new Trinidad built, where now it isto
Paramo. From {eve-
convenient place Eaftward from the high and cold Mountain
ulds, Cryftal like Dia-
ral rich Gemmaries thereabouts are digg’d ftore of Emera
and Abipi.
monds, white Marble, and the Beryl, efpecially on the Mountains Ytoco
on , It lies
6. Tunia, having a Territory about it, to which it gives Denominati
Dorunican Frye
onahigh Hill, from whence the Church and two Cloyfters of the
t in New
ers are feen at a great diftance. Here alfo iskept the greateft Marke
| Granada.
abounding
7. Pampelona, fixty Leagues diftant from St. Foy to the North-Eaft,
with Cattel and Gold.
this Province
8. Merida, furrounded with Corti-Fields, the fartheft Town of
| |
WNorth-Eaftward towards Venezuela.
a Mountain that
9. Belez, which though it fuffers great prejudice by a burning
greateft Refidence
yomits Fire and Stones, and alfo Thunder and Lightning, isthe !
|
of feveral Orders of Fryers.
h lies under a hot Cli-
10. Marequita, otherwife call’d St. Sebaftian del Oro, whic
mate, and hath much Pafture. .
|
11. Ybague, the Habitation chiefly of Dominicans.
or St. John of the Plains,
12. La Vittoria de los Remedios ; and 13. Juan de los Lanos,
are good Silver and Gold-
feated in a rich Nook of the Countrey, where there
: . |
Mines.
the River Magdalena
The Merchandife that come to thefe Towns,are brought up
.
in Canoos of fixty Foot long.
S ECT. Ill:

|
|
y
Popayana.
is border’d on the Weft with
Situation

Opayana, the other part of this new Kingdom,

and Defcri-
ption of Po.
h the River St. Martha divides it for
p part of Granada laft {poken of,from whic
payana.

a, or Carthagena; on the
the moft part: On the North it hath Nova Andaluzi treys
or rather forne unreduc’d Coun
Weft, Mare-del Zur; and on the South, Quito,
lying betwixt them both ; It extends in length above a hundred Leagues from
r and the Sotith Sea, not much
North to South, but in breadth, betwixt the Rive
to be a little too much fubje& to Rain,
above forty or fifty. The Countrey is faid Inhabitants
try of the
yet not fo; butthat the fertility of the Soil anfwersthe induf
in moft places very well. Q4g 3 | Sebaftian
 -

410 AMERICA. Chap. II,

Sebaflian de Bevalcaxar, Governor of Quito, marching Anno 1536. with a Company
of Spaniards to Otabalo, where the Countrey Papayan begins, was often. fer upon by
the Natives from their Ambufcades, and the many Inconveniences which he f{uf-.
fer’d for want of Provifions, and trouble of travelling over the high Mountains,
had neceffitated him to return, had he not been refolutely bent to difcover the
Countrey ; to which purpofe marching on leifurely, he came into the heart of
Popayan, where his wearied People fufficiently refting themfelves amidft a fruitful
Countrey, where they found pleafant FruiteTrees, Houfes full of Provifions, and
frefh Rivers, which glided from the Mountain Andes, and fome ofthe Rivuletsalfo
affording Gold, were encourag’d to build feveral Villages, in which neverthelefs
they made no Settiement, either becaufe they could not get Gold enough, orelfe
being driven from thence by the valiant Natives. |
Cities and
Towns of
The Places of chief note in it, are 1. Popayan, fituate on the Banks of a fair Ri-
ufos, ver, but not nam’d, and in the midft ofaPlain in a place of great Wealth, and en-
joying a good Air. The original of the Name Popayan is from the (Cafique who Go»
vern’d there at the time of the Spaniards firft- Arrival. It is a Bifhop’s See, and the
ordinary Refidence of the Governor of the Province. ‘The chief Buildings are the
Cathedral, and a Monafteryof the Fryers De la Merced. The Savanna Grounds to-
wards the North feed many fat Cattel. The Fields produce the beft American Maiz.
Some of the adjacent Mountains either vomit Smoak,Flames, great Stones,or {calds
ing Water, leaving a Salt behind it. Beyond the City Popayan the great River Maga
dalena takes its original in the Valley Cali, where feveral Brooks gliding from the
Mountain Andes, inhabited by the Cocunocos, unite their Waters. — ,
2. Antiochia, otherwife call’d St. Fides de Antiochia, on the Borders of New Anda-
luzia, and about a hundred Leagues from Popayan. In the midft of a {mall Territory
to which it gives Name, in the Valley Nore, between the River Magdalena and Daria,
wafh'd by Rivulets, whofe Sands are Golden, and whofe Banks are fhaded with
all
forts of Fruit-Trees. The Inhabitants white and very rational, fleep in the Nigh
under the open Skye: Their Houfes are built a good diftance from the High-
ways; near which the Paftures feed abundance of Sheep. The Pools breed plenty
of Fifh, and the Mines ftore of Gold, efpecially in the Mountain Byritica.
3. Caramanta, feated likewife on the Banks of the River St. Martha, withi
n a little
Province alfo of the fame Name; the Inhabitants whereof being valiant and ftron
g
go naked, and dwell in little Huts, make white Salt out of a Fountain
and a little
Lake: they generally go to Antiochia in fix hours, which is forty five Leagues,
fo
fwift runs the Stream. | |
4. St. Anne, in the Cantred or Hundred of Anzerma, a Town neatly fituat
e upon
the fide of an Hill betwixt cwo Rivers, and in the midft of Plain
no lefs pleafant -
than fertile : It was fo call’d by Bevalcazar ,becaufe the Indians of this
Place name the
Salt Anzer ; it is furrounded with Villages and Woods on a high Plain
between
two Rivers. The Air being exceeding hot, lightens generally every day.
j- The Village Pueblo Liana, which is inhabited by little People,
who Trade in
Salt, and have alfo Golden Rivulets. Near this Place is the Valle
y Aburra, confifte
ing of many fruitful Plains, moiftned by feveral Rivers; the Inhabitant
s whereof
at the Spaniards firft coming thither, hang’d themfelves, with
their Wives and
Children,
6. St. Jago de Arma, built ina Wood of Palm-Trees, fo nam’d
from the Terri-
tory in which it ftandeth, rich and famous for its Mines of Gold,
which it is faid to
have many and very good: The Ground round about being Mountainou
s, hath
feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof call’d Dj 4rma, is dangerous to crofs,
effpecially
in
 <a

Chap. Il. AMERICA. Alt

in Winter. The unwholfom Air hereabouts occafions many Sicknefles.. Amongft
other Fruits that grow in this County, is the Pytabaya, which whoe’re eats, voids
Urine as red as Blood. Adjacent to it are the lictle Provinces Paucuran, Pozo, and
Picara, which-poffels Golden Mines: alfo the Territory (arrapa, which hath high
and rugged Land, and many Rivulets: likewife the County Quimbaya, which a-
bounds withthick and long Canes, wherewith the Natives build their Houfes ; in
the hollow Bodies of thefe Canes the wild Bees gather ftore of Honey ; and amongft
them breed alfo exceeding great Lyons, the four-footed Beaft Chuca, which carries
‘its. Young in a Bag,Stags,Rabbets and Guadaquinajes, which being bigger than Hares,
are exceeding good Meat. The Mountain Nevada, wonderful high, and fmoaking
continually produces the golden Rivers Tacurumbi & Dela Cequo. Twenty Leagues ot
more diftant from St.Jagois, 7. Carthago,the chief City of Quimbayaes and by which
the aforefaid Rivers run.’ The temperate Climate here gives Health and long Life
to the Inhabitants, who have feveral Fountains of falt Water, and the Fruit Caymito,
not unlike a Peach, black within, having little Kernels, anda Juice which Dyes
fo deep, that it can fcarcebewafh’d off. Horfes and Cows they have likewife very
plentiful. Carthago it felf Rands in a pleafant Plain between two Rivulets; the
Ways that lead to the. fame are very dirty, becaufe of the continual Rain which
falls there, with Lightning and Thunder. A League beyond the City flows the
Stream Confota ; near which lies a Lake, out of which Salt is made.
8. The City Cali, theRefidence for the Governor and Collector, lying under a
hot Climaté in a plain Valley at a River, which falling from the Mountain, glides
‘to the Stream Magdalena. Round about the fame dwelc antiéntly feveral People,
viz. the Gorrones, fo call’d, becaufe they nam’d a Fifh Gorron, the Chances, Giants,
with long Faces and broad Foreheads,the Aarbacoas ,Agnales, and Los Timbas, inhabi-
ting among barren Mountains; but moft of them were flain by the Spaniards, or
deftroy’d by one another, few onely. efcaping to the tops of the Mountains. The
Countrey alfo {warms with wild Beafts, which have alfo devour’d many of the
Inhabitants, both Indians and Spaniards.
g. The Haven Bonaventure, ficuate in a deep Inlet, about which live fome Fa-
milies which fend the Commoditiesthat come from New Spain to Popayan, Cali, and
other Places ; and though there be a Way along by the River Dagua, conyenient
for Mules and Horfes to travel, yet it is feldom us’d, becaufe the Cattel are fo weas
ried out with the long Journey, that they cannot go through with their Loads ;
wherefore they employ the Indians to carry their heavy Burthens over the Moun-
tains, which they do for a {mall Reward.
10. St. Fuan de Pajto, giving Denomination to the Countrey about it, and being
built on the pleafant Plains of the Valley Aeris, is fituate in a wholfom Climate,
and is moiftned by feveral Fountains.and the River Anga/mayo, the Boundary of
Peru. The Spaniards have feveral Houfes here, and breed ftore of Cattel, and efpe-
cially Hogs. They have likewife Sugar-Mills, with which they make abundance of
Sugar. The antient Inhabitants were falvage, deform’d, and of little Reafon.
11. Timana, giving Denomination to the Countrey about, is plac’d under a hor
Climate, yet the Inhabitants live long ; they drive a great Trade with T hred {pun
out of thé Herb Pita ; and alfo with Sweet-meats, Fruits Preferv’d with Honey and
Sugar, and efpecially a Kernel not unlike an Almond. In their Gardens they Plant
the Herb (ocoa, which they chew conftantly for the ftrengthning of their Hearts.
the Habitations
Near Pita isa Mountain with Load-ftones ; and fomewhat farther
of the valiant Yalcones in the Valley Aquirya, the Paexes, Pixaos, and Manipos, which
fo molefted the Spaniards, that they forc’d them to forfake the Towns Nera,
St. Vincent, and Ville de los Angelos. 12. Guada-
 AMERICA " > Chap. TV,
12. Guadalajara de Buga; and 13. Sebaftian de la Plata, built on a Plain near the
River Guali; the Countrey about which is exceedingly troubled with Earthquakes,
_and the Inhabitants with their Neighbors the Nineres, who bring the Pleth of their
Prifoners to Sale in the publick Shambles. © re |
14. Almague, built on a high Mountain, and lying upder a cool Climateé; is fur-
rounded with fruitful Fields, which feed ftore of Cartel, and enrich’d with feveral
Gold-Mines. 758 | of
15+ Juan de Truxillo, which the Indians call Yfcance. .
16. Madrigall ; 17. (hapanchipa ;°18. Malaga, and 19. Agreda, the Mountains
about which inclofe ftore of Gold. 3
Between the Promontory De Corrientes and the Ifland Palmas, are the Rivers Salj-
nas and Balfas, which fall into the Southern Ocean ; St. Juan, whofe Banks are in-
habited by a falvage People which dwell in the tops of the Trees, becaufe the Ri-
ver oftentimes overflows the Countrey. They fowe Peafe and Beans; and catch
Fifh, but buy other Provifions, with Gold.
Thelfle Ge- Againft the Mouth of this River St. Juan lies the Ifle Gorgona, three Leagues in
ae circumference, which is compar’d to Hell, becaufe of the difmal Woods which are
upon it, barren Mountains, Millions of Mufticho’s, whofe Stings are intolerable,
and never-ceafing Rain, infomuch that the Sun never fhines upon it.
teitePt WeftsSouth- Weft from Gorgona lies the round Ifland Del Gallo, about a League in
circumference ; it is divided by feveral Rivers, and round about Planted with
Trees, on which the Indians dwell as at the River St. Juan.

LUBE
LEEREEE Eee EEC ECE eee e seers eee ees ose
CHAP. IV.
Peru.
o=
a /

The Defer Eva, fo call’d, as fome think, from the River Beru afore mention’d, in the
= -o
"-
Dirifion of P Southern part of America, was antiently a great and mighty Kingdom, as
eo

“a
>er
«4
=
" ~~.
tine — Mexico in the Northern, and fell under the Power of the Spaniards much af-
,-
ter the fame manner that the Kingdom of Mexico did, viz, through the Diffentions
and Differences amongft the People themfelves, as in the Hiftory of this confidera-
ble part of the. New World will be related at large hereafter.
The Kingdom. of the Kings of Cufco, which in fome fence, and by fome Writers
upon occafion, is call’d The Kingdom of Peru, was extended by the laft Inca or King,
Eluayna Capac, from North to South above a thoufand Leagues together, com pree
hending not only a great part of the Province of Chile towards the South, but
alfo the new Kingdom of Granada, and.divers other Provinces to the North ; but
Pern, properly fo call’d, containeth little more than half fo much, viz. fix hun-
dred Leagues in length, and about fifty or threefcore in breadth, except onely in-
fome places, as in the Countrey of Chacopoyas, where *tis thought it may be a hun-
dred Leagues from the Andes to the South Sea: It lieth between the fir and-Afth
Degrees of Southern Latitude, and is bounded on the Eaft and North-Eaft with
that vaft Ridge of Mountains which they call the Andes ; on the Weft it is wafh’d
with Mare del Zar; onthe North it hath the Countrey of Popayan , and on the
South, (bile :. It is commonly divided into three parts, which they call The Plains,
The Fiill-Countrey, and The Andes ; the Plains are that part of the Countrey which lie
along |
 wre
WS ad as
+ ae
a - ‘
—> ee Sa Wilh
a aie nang >
> —— ~~ —S ‘
Se
ee Ee
Phisoadl AMERICA. 413
along upon the Sea- Coaft, being for the moft part a meer Level without any Hills
at all. The Sierra, as they call it,
j or Hille(Countrey, isi that part of Peru which is parte
ly mountainous iad partly plain, fertile and well inhabited inboth. The Andes are
fo‘high, rocky, and inacceffible, that they are fcarce inhabited at all bute by Salva-
ges, fave onely upon the piece of them. The Plains from the Sea-fhore to the
Hill. Countrey, are for the moft part about ten Leagues over or broad, upon which
it {carce raineth all the year long. The Hill-Countrey is common! twenty Leagues
in breadth where narroweft ; and from September to April hath Rain, the reft of the
Year generally being fair Weather ; but on the Andes, which dike up all the reft
of the Countrey of Peru, it raineth ‘almoft continually all the year long. In the
Hill:Countrey their Summer beginsiin April, as is {aid, and ends in September ;but in
the Plains it begins in October, and ends in May ;fo that in the {pace of a day a Man
may feell both Summer and Winter;be fcorch’d with exceffive Heat in the Morns
ing, and yet well nipt with Cold before Night. ‘The Andes generally are cover’d
with thick Woods and wild Forrefts. The Hill-Countrey is for a great {pace naked and
open; the Plains in many places fandy and dry, and would be much more {corch’d
with Heat than they are, but forthe neighborhood of the Sea, which affords them
many cooling Gales from the South and South-Weft Winds, whofe property, al-
though it benatural in other partsto be tempeftuous, to bring Rain and foul Wea- -
ther, yet here there is nothing but Serenity and fair Sun-fhine days all the yearlong,
although thefe Winds blow almoft without ceafing upon the Countrey, and no
other at any time, whereas the Sierra, or HiilleCountreys have Wind from every.Coaft,
and fuch as bringeth all forts of Weather with it, Rain, Hail, Froft, Snow, great
claps of Thunder, ¢xc. The Countrey affordeth not fo much Cartel of the breed of Commodi
Europe as fome other Provinces of America;but in ftead. of Kine and Sheep,the Woods« aecrd
ret ee 7

and Paftures are replenifh’d with ulcitudes of the Macugnes and Pacos, which are of
no lefs Profit and Service.. The Pacos here are {aid to be as big as fome young Hei.
fers of tworyears old, bearing .a Fleece like Sheep, and their Flefh no lefs pleafang
than the Mutton of Europe. But the great Wealth of this Countrey lies out of fight
in the bowels of the Earth, viz, in thofe rich and (asthey may feem) inexhauftible
Mines both of Gold.and Silver, which, as ’tis well known, the Countrey of Pery
affordeth more than any other Province of America befides. The Sierra opens into
large Valleys, amongft the chiefeft whereof are Xauxa, Andaguailas, and Yucay, all
of them well inhabited and fruitful. Below Cufco the Mountains Andes and thofe
of Sierra run a greater, diftance than elfewhere one from che other, leaving the great
Plain (allao inthe middle. Moreover, feveral fandy Wilds, without Water, Herbs,
Trees, or any living Creature, except Birds, extend from Tumbex to Taparaca. From
the Valleys flow feveral Rivers into the Southern Ocean. On the Mountain Pira
is a Fountain call’d Pachio, which {prings in
i the Night, but is quite dry in the Days TheFoun:
time. Alfo near the chief City Quito in the Valley Chilo, is a Fountain whole Wa- another
ters boyl fafter or flower according as any one {peaks faint louder ;and when un?
not a word is {poken, it ftirs not atall. If any thing exceed this for ftrangenels, nae ak
it isa Rock in the Province (oncuchos, which is all compos’d of black and white = patie.
Stones, which are fo neatly plac’d by Nature, as if Art had done a Mafter-piece,
in the exact placing of them one between another : but the chiefeft thing belong-
ing to it worthy of admiration, is a wonderful power either to heal or hurt; for
if the black Stones in this Rock be touch’d by any, they caufe immediate Death;
whenas the white ones cure all manner of Sickneffes, and being digg’d out, leavea
Seed behind them, out of which grow new Stones to fill up the empty place.
Iuca Garcilaffo, Extracted from the Peruvian Kings,tells us concerning Plants, That
he
 —
=,o=
P—

a
ie
=
rd
———
‘
-

7
+;
oo
is

he (aw a Raddifh which 4 Man with both Arms could fcarce embrace, and that.
Fruit the
“under the fhade of their Leaves, Horfes might ftand. But of allthe Peruan
ocoa is the crown, which grows on Trees of a Fathom long in hot and moift
_ Grounds of the Valleys between Andes and Sierra ;from whence it is carried to the
Sea-Coaft in long Baskets by Companies of three or four thoufand ata time on the
Backs of the Sheep Pacos. Before the Spaniards coming hither none might chew
Cocoa without the Governor’s leave : “A handful thereof chew’d and fuck’d-in the
Mouth, enables a Man to travel two days without any other Suftenance, and mix’d
with burnt Bones or Chalk, it is accounted an excellent Difh;there is fuch extraordi-
nary plenty of them,that the Inhabitants {pend yearly go000 Baskets of the Leaves
in Pottage. The Pernans alfo efteem Mamayes, a Fruit which grows round, not un-
like a Peach, with two Stones, hard Rinds, and a well-rellifh’d Pulp within,which
dipe in Sugar is a great Dainty; they grow for the moft part in the Iflands. The
Guaiyavas bears a wholfom and delicious Fruit like a large Plumb. The Palto, a
and
Tree with mary Boughs, bearsa Fruit refembling a Pear, having a hard Rind,
within the Pulp a great Stone. The Fruit which grows on the Annona hath out-
wardly the fame fhape, but white within, and hath many black Kernels, which
tafte very delicioufly. The Fruit Andas, fo call’d from the defolate Peruan Moun-
the
tains on which they grow, refemble the foreemention’d Cocoa, but, differ from
on
Eajt-Indian,becaufe they are full of hatd fhell’d Almonds,the like whereof grows
the Tree Cachapoyas,which are not inferior toany European Fruits that grow on Trees;
being ex-
in that part of Pers which hath its Name from that Fruit is the beft fort,
nds from their .
ceedingly devour’d by Monkies, who plucking the Cachapoya Almo
they may
Stalks, throw them on the Ground to break their prickly Shells, that fo
s, furnifhes
eat the Kernels without hurt. The Mille-Tree, being a fort of Grape
Pacos
with Wine. But the greateft benefic the Inhabicants receive is by their Sheep
;
and Moromoros, which carry great Loads, and feed on what they find by the Way
good 2
their Fleth is good and wholfom,and being either Smoak’d or Salted, keeps
make fine
confiderable time; their Wool drefs‘d affords Cumbi, of which they
| Table-
 Chap. IV. AMERICA 4 lS
Table-clothes and Tapeltry, which on both fides is alike. The chiefelt Weavers
liv’d formerly at Copachica, near the great Lake Titicacn : They Dye their Wool with
the Juice of boyl’d Herbs. It feemsalfo ftrange’ to confider what Loads the fore-
mention’d Sheep carried, for befides all forts of Merchandife ithey convey dthe Silver
from Potofi to Arica, a Way of fixty thrée Leagues ;but in former times they
brought it as far again to Arequipa ; and though they panied two thoufand Bars at
atime, amounting to above thirty thoufand Ducats, yet they had no other Guard
but a few Herd{fmen, who driving them flept with them in
j the Nights under the bare
Ski¢, yet loft none of their Riches, but when the bald Sheep call’d Moromoros being
wearied with their Loads, Randing ftill, ftretch’d out their Necks, and looking on
their Drivers; ona alee ran up into the Mountains, by which kbs che Silver
was oft-times loft, if they were not fuddenly fhot. Fhe woolly Sheep Pacos have alfo
ftrange Tricks, bistthey often fall down under their Loads, and cannot be got up
again, but enusttbe let aloge'till they rife of themfelves. So foon as one ait the
Sheep: hath gotten the Mange (which the Peruvians callTecarache;), they bury them
alive to prevent farther Infection.
The antient Natives, though differingin Language and Cuftoms, yer went all The Cutoss
Apparell’d after the fame fafhion, the Men cover’d themfelves with a Shirt; which oftheancien
came down below their Knees, and over that a Cotton Cloak; the Women wore
woollen Coats down to'their Ancles: Their Head- Ondine were different ac-
cordingto an inviolable Compaé between the Natives of feveral Provinces, for
fome were wrought, fome plain, fome divers colour’d Caps, with two, three, or
no Feathers, according tothe Cuftom of the Place: They were generally of a
middle Stature, but thofe that were near the Equinoctial Line leffer.. Their Hifto- Sims
me
ries make minting alfo of Gyants, who formerly inhabited the Promontory “""*
St. Helena, were each four times bigger than an ordinary Man, and fed not onely.
on the greateft Sea-Monfters, but devour’d each of them thirty Peruvians at a Meal.
The Stone Images of thefe Gyants are at this day to be feen not far from Puerto
Viejo. ~They likewife kept for a long time Annual Feaft-Days, on which they la-
mented the lofs of the Gyants, which (as they fay) was as followeth:
A Youth glittering in glory like the Sun defcended from Heaven, and breath’d
Fire, which rending the Rocks fo terrifi’d the Giants, that they fled-into a deep
Cave, where they were all kill’d.
Cornelius Whitefleet relates, That Helvins, Governor of Puerto Viejo, being Ritr'd, Hivien finds
up by the Repart of the fore-mention’d Images, caus’d all the Graves to be broke ‘Gian.
open; in fome of which he found Bones, which they fuppos’d to be Whale-Bones,
had not the Sculls manifefted the contrary.
Concerning the original of the Kingdom of Peru the Natives give his Account TPs,ofgivl
ofit: That the moft antient Inhabitants flock’d together like wild Beafts, with: domol Pow
out conftant Abodes, Cuftoms, Laws, or Gavainots; which falvagenefs is ftill res
tain’d in many Parts, dedonglt the Brafilians, Chunches, Chiruguanes, Y/cayungus, Piloco-
nens, moft of the Floridans, (binchemeco’s,and others, which degenerate from all Hus
manity. In time when fome kind of Government began to be obferv’d, it was ras
ther Popular than Monarchical ;yet generally thofe that were moft powerfil, vas
liant and fubtile, bore the oreatelt {way : Amongft whom the firft that five Ages
fince Commanded over the Inhabitants of the Valley Cufco, was Ingaroca, a {ubtile
and politick Perfon, who built the Fort Pucora, Eaftward near the Foot of the
Mountain Andes, that fo he might bridle the People which inhabited in thofe
_ Parts between the Rivers, Moors, and Lakes, where the remainders ofthe Fort are
to be feen at thisday: sce tk he conquer ‘dall che Countrey along the Sour
| thern
 416 | AMER 1624. | Chap. TV,
thern Ocean towards the North and South, giving out that he-was éxtradted from
Theovina! one of the feven Ingas (by which Name the Peruan Kings have been fty¥d ever
fince) which came out of the Cave Pacaritambo, where they were preferv’d againft
the Deluge (of whichthe Heathens in America had long fince an obfcuré knowledge,)
and reftor’d the drowned Families; wherefore every one not onely obey’d, but
paid him Tribute; and bound chemfelees to receive of him the true Religion,
which they defir’d he would teach them, as none knowing the fame better than he,
whom they look’dupon as Extracted from the Ingas. Amongft thefe Ingas the chie.
feft was faid to be Mangocapa, who, according to their fabulous Tradition, climb’d
through the Window Tambo out a the Cave Pacaritambo,and produc’d two Pamniltes?
viz. Hunan Cufco, and Urin Cufco; from the firft wheres Ingaroca affirm’d bine
felf Defcended, and having firft made himfelf Mafter of allthe Countreys about
Cufco, rais'd the Family Vicaquiquirao, and laid out a great part’ of his Revenues upon
Gold and Silver Utenfils, and Ornaments for his Perfon and Houfe, which-he in
his laft Will charg’d that none of his Succeffors fhould inherit, nor dwell in his
Palace, but that every one fhould build a new Habitation for themfelves: He alfo
cfeéted divers: Goldendale. |
Some Authors begin this Dynafie of the Kings of Peru in a very different mariner,
making Mango Capa to be the firft thereof, and to have been Succeeded by his Son
Chincaroca, which cannot but be the fame with this Ingaroca here mention’d. Yaguare
Paguarguoge QuOgt (chat is, Crier of Blood, becaufe on atime being Commander, and taken Pri-
ims. foner, out of vexation and exctedinig grief he cried Blood) Satcecding him aftet his
Death, raisd the Family Aocaillipanaca, and was Succeeded by his eldeft Son, thes
viracocha tn Wealthy Viracocha Inga, of whom, when the Spaniards conquer’d Pern, went a Re-
Rictes’ port, that great Riches lay buried in the Earth with him, wherefore Gonzalus Pi-
zarrus tortur’d the Natives after an inhumane manner, to nbs of them where the
Grave of the faid Inga was; at laft obtaining his Defire, he digg’d for the Body,
which ke. found fo well Embalth ‘d, that it feem’d to kivel but no Gold with it;
wherefore Pizarrus deceiv'd in his expectation, burnt the Corps ;the Afhes wheres
of the Indians gathering in Urns, worfhipp’d, though when he liv’d the Vulgar
were much incens’d at him, for taking upon him the Name ofViracocha, who was —
their fupream God and Oieasas of all things; but he pacifi’d them, Cavity: That
Viracocha appearing to him in a Dream, had commanded him to take‘elvaeName ups
on him.
tupargni’s
Policy to gain
"The fourth Inga, call’ dPachacuto Yupangui {ucceeded in the Throne after the Death
pai of his eldeft Brother,who was flain in a Field-Battel againft the Changas, inhabiting
People. the Valley Pee where the Pernan Army was utterly defeated, few of them
onely efcaping by flight; among whom was Yupangui, who perfwaded the reft to a
fubtile Defign, by alledging, That the Almighty Creator, angry at their Deftru-
tion, had reveal’d many Secrets to him, vig. That the Creator in Heaven was
call’d Viracocha Pachayachachie; That. he refented it very ill ; That whereas he for-
merly made Heaven, Sun, Moon, Stars, and Men, none worfhipp’d him for it,
but in ftead of him ehey reverenc’d the Sun, Thunder; andthe Earth, who had
their Beings from him; That he would Crew his Power againft the victorious
Changas by an unexpected Affiftance of an invifible Army. This being believ’d of |
every one, ftirr’d up the Peruans far and near, infomuch that in a fhort timea vaft
Army being rais’d, prefented themfelves to Yupangui, who made good ufe thereof;
and alfo told them that Viracocha had decreed in Heaven, that he Yupangui fhould be
his Vicegerent on Eatth ; which the Army believing, fetthe Perwan Crown which
they had taken from his Father, on his Head:. Thus promoted, he march *d againft
the
Chap. IV. : AM ERIC 4. 417
the Changas, whom in a bloody Battel he conquer’d, and brought them all under his
Obedience’: Moreover, he made his Soldiers believe; that they were not the Con-
ierors, but invifible Men, whom Viracocha had fentjand whocould be feen by none
but himfelfjand that after the Battel they were turn’d into Stones;which they mult
{eek for. Whereupon they gathering a great number of Stones on the Mountains, Grols Sipehe
Yupangat call’d them Pururancas; atid otder’d that they fhould be worlhipp’d, and ruakitt ?
éarried with them into the Field whenfoe’re they “fought another Barrel, hoping
thereby to ftir up his 'Soldiers to be couragious, who firmly believ’d, that with the
vifible Stones walk’d invifible Heroes that would ceftainly affift them. This Ima-
giiation wrotght fo'mich, that Yupangui’s Army aflur’d of Vigtory with the help
of the Stones, went on undauntedly on all Defigns,'infomuch that being fear’d by
all the adjacent People, he fore’d them'all to fubmifficn, This Yupangui rais’d the
Fartily Ynaapocoea, ‘and plac’d a’ great“Golden® Image call’d: hidyllapa on a Golden
Chariot, which fiace was religioufly worfhipp’d; and afterwards carried to (axa>
wnaled, for'a Ranfom of the Peruvian King Attabaliba; whom the Spanifh General Pizars
ras kept Prifoner, and at laft Strangled. ’The Couricellor Polis opening Yupangui’s
Grave, found the Body Embalm’d, and no way defaced, but the Eyes cover’d with
thin ‘Golden Plates, and on his Head appeat’d the Scar of a Stone which had been —
thrown at'him'; and though the Body ‘had lain ¢ighty years inthe Grave, yee. ic
feem’d'rather living than dead, being onely alittle grey. This Corps, as allo fevee
ral other Inga’s, ‘the Marquefs Camette brought from Cu/co to Lima, fo to prevent the
Peruvians worfhipping of them, ~~ > Pads nsw y: |
“Ynpangui after his Deceafe was fucceeded by Sopa Inga, and he by his Son of the
fame Name, who rais‘d the Family Ayoue Alles The. laft (for nothing worthy,of |
inémory was done by either of them) was fucceeded by Guaynacava; a wealthy and tesa
Valiant young Man, who was no fooner fetled on the Throne, but he manag’d all Ghia
things with great’ prudence, maintain’d War with feveral People; and conquet’d
the Kingdomiof Quito, four htindred Leagues beyond Cu/co, whither after his Death
his Body was carried, and buried in the famous Temple of the Suns but his Entrails
were buried in Quito not without many bloody Offerings ,thoufands of his Servants
_ Sacrificing themfelves at his Grave willingly, that fo they might ferve their Prince
in the other World. The invaluable Treafures which he left.behind him were care-
fully hid by’ the Peruvians till the Spaniards conquer’d that Countrey: The pav’d
Ways, magnificent Buildings, and ftrong Caftles, teftifieas yet the Power of this
Inga; wherefore in his life-time he was honor’d asa God. His Mother Mamiaoclo liv’d
to fee above three hundréd'of her Children’s Children, all Extracted from her Son —
Guaynacava..— | Bat |
The chief of the Family Fanebamba were Huafcar and Attabaliba,Sons to Guaynacas wat beet
va;(both by the Coya,or lawful Queen however fome have deliver’d to the contrary) NeBrosher
who falling at variance betwixt themfelves, refolv’d to decide the Quarrel by a .a
Field-Battel, in which Attabaliba, being the youngeft, was Conqueror. This Civil
War was at the heighth-when the Spaniards invaded Peru, which they could ne-
ver have conquer’d, had not the Realm been fo divided. During Aetabaliba’s Im-
prifonment by Pizarrus, histwo Generals, Quizaniz and Chilicuchima, took the Inga
_ Euafcar (formerly call’d Tito Cuft Gualpa, Attabaliba’s Brother) in Cufco, and carrying fealedt
himto the Valley Sacfabwana, burnt him alive. It is fet down as remarkable, “H
that Aluafcar after his being vanquifh’d, made gteat Offerings to Viracocha, thereby
to ain his affiftance in his extremity againft Atabaliba ; when he was inform’d, that
a ftrange People which came from a remote Place over the Seas, had defeated Actas
baliba’s Army,atid taken him Prifoner : From which News Huafcar taking courage,
| . Rt call’d
 18 AMERICA. Chap. IV.
to his
call’d the Spaniards Viracochas, and judg’d that they were come. from Heaven
: for
Delivery, and the more,becaufe his Brother had {pile fo much Blood already
Army, with
Attabaliba had not onely flain the Prince Atoco, which led Huafcar’s:
three thoufand two hundred Men; ‘and drank out of Atoco's Skull tipt with Gold,
but had alfo pluck’d out the Harts of above a thoufand Children, which the Canna:
rites {ent with Palm-Boughs to him, to defire Peace. | UPA
Mongo tee AWFrer Attabaliba’s and, Hluafcar’s Deceafe, Mango Inga theit Brother drove all the
Mountain Spaniards out of Cufco, whither they not long after coming with new Forces, necef-
ficated’ Mango, not without the lofs of many Men, to take his flight up into the
Mountain Vilcabamba, where he Setling, his Succeflors Reign to this day, fecurd
co-
from any Invafion by the natural ftrength of the Place. But the Inga Saritopa
ming from the fore-mention’d Mountain, fubmictted himfelf to the Spaniards, who
allow’d him the Valley Yucay to dwell-peaceably in; but the reft of the Family of
the Inga’s that fell into the Hands of the Spaniards, were all of them kill’d in Cujco,
not without great grief of the old Inhabitants, to fee fo antient and noble a Family,
by which they had been Govern’d in great State for three hundred years together,
put to death by common Executioners. en
cya te The City Cufco, which was the Royal Seat of all the Peruvian Kings, was made
Augufline de Tarrate,delcri-
Kin" More {fplendid than ever before, by Guayanacava,of whom
bing his Magnificence,relates, That when his Queen was Deliver’d of a Son, who
was to fucceed in the Throne, Guayanacava kept a great Feaft for tweaty days toge-
ther,and on that day when the Child was to be Nam’d,a Golden Chain, each Link
of which wasas big as a Hand, and contain’d in all feven hundred Foot in length,
was carried by twenty Peruvians to the Temple.
Themamer "The Succeffion of the Inga’s was after this manner : The Inga’s keeping many
cc kig, Concubines had many Children by them, none of which could lay claim tothe
Peruvian Crown, but onely the Son begotten on the Coya, or Queen, being generally
the Kings own Sifter,(whom they accounted lawful for them to Marry,as in antient
times did the Egyptian Kings) Inherited the Realm, unlefs the Inga had a lawful Bro-
ther, who Inherited before the Son, though born of a Cyya; orif the faid Brother
had a Son, he obtain’d the deceafed Uncles Crown before him, who in apparence —
was the elder Heir. | | tzitle |
The fame Succeffion was alfo obferv’d by other Governors, which the Peruyians
call Curacds. ee ere
nd difpolal The Burials of their Kings were perform’d with great folemnity ; and the Trea-
oftheir Trea furres which they left behind were’ beftow’d in building of magnificent Guaba’s,
which were Temples or religious Houfes, where a kind of folemn Worfhip was to
be perform’d, to celebrate the Memory of the Deceafed. Some part of the Treas
fure was alfo diftribured amongft the Inga’s Servants; but the Succeffor inherited
not the leaft Mite of what his Predeceflor had gotten, but was fore'd, according
to an antient Law, to build himfelf a new Palace, and purchas‘d anew every thing
- elfe belonging to it. |
theircrom Their Crown or Diadem wassonely a fine red woollen Coif with a Taffel,
‘that hung down over their Foreheads, which other meanet Princes wore hanging
on their right Ear. a hat
Their Coro- Their Coronations were alfo kept in great Pomp and State, the Nobility and
me Prieftscoming from all parts of the Countrey to (u/co, befidesan innumerable mul-
titude of common People. aah
The Noblemens Prefentsto the Inga’s confifted chiefly of Gold and Silver Vef-
fels, fine Cloth call’d Cumbi, allforts of Sea-fhells, and ftately Plumes of Feathers of
ineftimable value. gic 7 | Thoufands
Chiap. 1V: AMERICA 419
Thoufands of Sheep differing in colour ferv’d for Offerings: moreover, the
Chief Prieft facrific’d a Child before the Image of Viracocha, on whom with great
Reverence he cry’d, 0 great God Viracocha, we Offer you this Child, that you may keep our
Realm in Peace, aid us in time ofWar, profper our Inga inall his Undertakings, make him more
powerful and greater than any of bis Predeceffors, and grant bim wifdom to Govern this vaft
Countrey. :
No People in the World can be more telpedtive, and fhew greater Reverence to Take cat:
their Kings, than the Peruvians : for there were never any heard of in this Countrey veomen ©
that ever Rebell’d againft their Prince,the reafon of which was chiefly becaufe they
always Govern’d with great Juftice and Mildnefs, placing Governors over the re-
{fpective Countreys and Provinces, according to their feveral Divifions, greater or
leffer, with fubordinate Power one under another, fo that they Rul’d with great
ftriétnefs, punifhing with Death both Drunkennefs and Theft. Moreover, the
Ingas obferv’d a prudent way in Government, viz, ‘They kept their Subjects con-
tinually employ’d : The ordinary fort of Perfons of fubdu’d Provinces were fent
to remote Countreys, and the Governors thereof kept at the Court in Cufco ; and
Princes Defcended of the Royal Blood fent in their Placesto Govern the new got-
tett Dominions: they divided the Inhabitants into Companies, plac’d one to
Command over ten, another over a hundred, and a greater Officer over a thoufand,
and at laft a Prefeét or Major-General, over ten thoufand, every one of which
Officers were to bring in an Account every Week to the fupream Governor, who
was always of the Inga’s Family, what Men dy’d of their number, or how many
were born, a prefent Eftimate of every ones Stock, in Cactelorotherwile, and all
remarkable Tranfadtions that hapned. On the high Feafteday they were all to
appear at Court, and to bring in the Rewenues gather’d out of their Subftitute
Countreys. The main Divifion of the Countrey was into four grand Pro-
vinces, call’d Tabucantinfuyos, according to the four Ways that went from Cu/co
through the whole Realm, viz. Chincha/uyo towards the North, Coclafuyo towards
the South, Andefuyo towards the Eaft, and Conde/uyo towards the Weft. The Col-
le&tors were divided into Hananfayos, Upper-Colledors, and Urinfayos, or Under-
Colle&tors. The Quipocomayos, or Accomptants, could caft up exactly with Buttons,
not onely what every Province, but alfo what each Man was to pay, and that ac«
cording tothe ability of the Countrey and Perfon.
Many were the ftately Temples, invincible Caftles, magnificent Palaces, and Hominy
other wonderful Stru@tures built by the Ingas, the chiefeft whereof ftood in Cu/co,
Tiaguanaco;and Tambo, the Builders whereof were fent for by turns out of the ads
jacent Countreys, from which they brought exceeding great Stones, moft of them
thirty eight Foot long,eighteen broad,and fix thick, which were fo neatly joyn’d to»
gether with Mortar or Iron-work, that a whole Edifice feem’d to be one entire
Stone. Their Bridges that led crofs the Rivers were made of Flags and Ruthes,
faftned to each Shore with great Ropes. The like Bridge lay crofs the deep Mouth
of the Lake Chicuito, on which great Bundles of the Rufhes Toto being ty’d together,
and cover’d with Straw, fo ftrengthen’d the Bridge, that great Loads were fafely
_¢artried over the fame. | |
No Prince ever poflefs’d fo much Riches and Splendor as an Inga of Pern, each The,sie
Countrey prefenting him with what was moftefteem’d amongft them ; the Chiches tugas
bringing Sweet-woods ; the Lucanas, ftrong Sedan-Carriers ; the (bambibilcas, brave
Dancers ; and fo accordingly every Countrey provided him with what they beft
efteem’d, befides the ufual Tributes which they paid.
_ Thofe which dige’d the Gold and Silver out of the Mines; had Meat, se
| Rr 4 an
 420 AMERIT A. 3 Chap. IV.
and Clothing from the Inga, though at other times he enjoy’d the Labors of his
Subjects for nothing.
TheleSeveral.<4 When at any time he conquer’d aCountrey by force of Arms, he madethem pay
batefrom three feveral forts of Tribute; the firft was beftow’d in voliaiath Offices. Each
Coaoreytt Guaca or Chappel receiv’d alfo a Revenue from the late conquer’d Countreys, the
Fruit of which ferv’d for Offerings to their chief God Pachayachachu, the Sun,
their Thunderer Chuquilla, and to the Souls of the Deceafed, and for Food for the ;
Priefts. The Religion through the whole Realm agreed with that which was obs
ferv’d in Cufco. But the fecond Tribute fell to the Inga’s Family, or Relation and
Soldiers. Thofe who Till’d the Inga’s Ground, Sung before him in Feftival Clothes,
That which could not be fpent in the Genet was laidup in Store-houfes for ten
years together, againft a {carcity fhould happen. Aged People, Widows, and fuch
as were decrepid, paid no Tribute. The third part was for the Poor, eel had eve-
ry Year a piece of Ground allow’d them to make ufe of as they pleas’d: In unfruic-
ful Years they receiv’d an Allowance out of the Store-houfes before mention‘d.
phir Provi- So likewife the Pafture, Meadows, and Arable Land was order’d for three fe-
Poo. _-yeral Ufes, one third for religious Ufes, a fecond for the Inga’s, and the laft for the
Poor. The Sheep being fhorn on a certain Day, yielded the Poor a certain quan-
tity of Wooll to make them Clothes. As foonas any Beaft grew Mangy (which
the Peruvians call’d Carache) they burnt them alive, fo to prevent the {preading of it
farther. Thofethat belong’d to the Inga’s Family, wore all Clothes made of the
fineft Wooll, and the courfelt, call’d Tabafca, was diftributed among the Vulgar...
ay“ Befides this good Order of Government, it is wonderful to obferve the Peruvians
manner of Living, each learning from their Infancy not onely a Trade, but all
things which they accounted neceflary in Houfe-keeping, as Weaving, Tiling of
Land, building of Houfes, and making of Tools requifie for both; fo that they
never dnd ufe of one shocker on any Account. Moreover, Mafter ‘Artifts, who
work’d more for Pleafure than Gain, dwelt apart, being Silver-{miths; Bae
Muficians, and Dancers.
Thorabits, “Their Habits were heretofore of one fafhion through the whole Realm, sod
the Covering of their Heads were feveral, by which the People of one Coyntrey
were diftinguifh’d from the other, according to an inviolable Law made many
Ages fince ; fome therefore wore thin Caps, others broad Pleits, others little Mats
others dnind Bonnets, others woven Caps, and the like.
Sas Dheir Poft-Stages, call’d (hafquis, were little Houfes, each ftanding
a League dha
a half from one another, ‘wherein dwelt certain Officers, who with extraordinary
{peed convey’d the Inga’s Letters fromone Chafquis to the other ; after which man=- —
ner in two days time they convey’d a Letter ahundred Leagues. But fince the Spas
niards conquet’d this Countrey, that Convenience was loft, till the tenth Peruvian
Vice-Roy Martin Enriques re-eftablith’d the fame ; for he allow’d a Sallary to thofe
Pofts, that they might with {peed convey all Letters and Packets from one to the
other, being diftant, according to his Eftablifiment, four Leagues.
pet free altly, the Ingas maintain’d fiict Laws in skieniaial Affairs; for as they did not
Malefattors. neoleét to encourage noble Atchievements (for whoe’re had done a valiant AG: in
the Wars, was made Governor of a Countrey, or had a certain quantity of Land
given him, or Married one of the Inga’s Family,) fo likewile they feverely punith’d
all Malefadtarss for Murderers, Thicwess and Adulterers fuffer’d Death without
Mercy; yet they allow’d ftore of Concubines, and it was free for any one to Lie
with his Neighbor’s Concubine, but Death to have to do with any Man’s lawful
Wife, who were fery’d by the Concubines,
When
Chap. 1V. “AMER IC «z. 421
_

When a Bridegroom Betrothed himfelfto his Bride, he gave her (and put them Their Marti-
ages.
on himfelf) a pair of Shoes call’d Ajota, not unlike thofe of a grey Fryer, which
were lin’d with Cotton if fhe were a Maid, but with Leaves if a Widow, who ne>
verthelefs being generally younger than the Man; was.to Mourn a whole year in
Black for her deceafed Husband; till the expiration of which time fhe was not'to
Marry another. Governors of Provinces and other Officers of State. receiv’d their .
Wives from the Ingas, who enquiring out the beautifulleftand moft accomplifh’d
Virgins they could hear of, put the Aora on their Feet, and gave them to {uch Pere
fons as they moft fancied; after which if they committed Adultery they were cer-
tainly put to death. ‘The Marrying ofBrothers and Sifters wasalfo forbid, till the
Inga Topa Yupangui,Father to Guaynacava broke that Law,by Marrying his own Sifter
Mamoello, and made an Order that the Ingas onely fhould have that liberty, ‘nay,
when he lay on his Death-bed, he ftriétly charg’d his Son Guaynacava to take his
own Sifter Goya Cuifsilmay to Wife ; and this inceftuous Marriage produe’d Huafcar
and Attabaliba, (though fomefay Attabaliba was begotten on a Concubine) in whofe
time the Peruvian Kingdom went to ruine. Guaynacava alfo permitted the common
People to Marry their Sifters of the Fathers fide, but not of the Mothers. .
The Peruvian Houfes were antiently for the moft part light and {mall , and for Their man.
ner of livirg.
their Table they made but little preparation, fatisfying themfelves with a little
Beer made of Rice, Bread bak’d of Maiz, dry’d Flefh, Fifh, and Roots.
In their Wars they us’d Slings, Darts, Arrows, Lances, Pikes, Halberds, Pole.
Axes, and Shields. oe GREED) 2:
Their Funerals were alfo folemnly kept, efpecially thofe of Perfons of Quality, Their Fune-
rals.
the Corps was carried out on a brave Chair, from which he was put into the
Ground, with two of his Concubiaes whom he beft affected, and alfo three Ser-
vants, Gold and Silver Veffels, Maiz, and the Liquor Chicd,’ which the neareft Re.
lation {purted into hisMouth through a Cane ; .all which they did that the Decea-
fed might make ufe thereof in the other World. But before the Funeral the Relati-
ons Mourn’d over the Corps feveral days, and after the Body was Interr’d, they
plac’d the Picture of the Deceafed upon the Grave : but the meaner fort of Peo-
ple had the Tools belonging to their Frade ;and Soldiers their Arms plac’d on
the fame. |
In theit Religion they had various Fancies ;_ their prime God Viracocha bore fee Their Reli-
: :
veral Denominations, and amongft othershe was call’d Pacachame, or Pachayacha-
2 § ion,

chick, by which he was fignifi’d to be the Creator of Heaven and Earth ; as al-
fo Ufapu, that is, Wonderful. In honorto this Pacachama ftood formefty a magnifi-
cent Temple about four Leagues from Lima, where'the Ruines ftill manifeft its for-
mer glory, it being the Place where the Devil anfwer’d the Priefts, wlio ftood with:
their Backs towards the Image of Pacéchame, bowing their'Heads to thé Ground,and
Showing many antick Tricks. Theéfecond Temple ftood near Cufco, in ‘which the
Inga’s had plac’d the Images of all the Gods and Goddefles that were worfhipp’d in
Peru; and before each Image ftood an Altar: the chiefeft of them, call’d Puachao,
confifting of maffie Gold, was Dedicated tothe Sun, on whofe Forehead the Sun
was Engraven on a Plate, which afterwards fell into the Hands of the Spanifh Cap-
tain Mancius Sierra de Lequizamo, but becaufe he loft the fame one Night at Gaming,
this Proverb was rais’d upon it, Lequizamo loft the’Sun before it rofe, becaufe he got
the Plate on which the Sun was Engraven in ‘thé Afternoon, and loft the fame in
the Night : The Temple it felf, buile of great Stones, curioufly joyn’d together in
Mofaick Work, and within link’d with Golden Plates of aFinger thick, ftood full of
Golden Chappels and Altars. round about it were {everal Galleries, into which
Rr 3 the
 AME RUC A, Chap. IV,

Wie MITT UT

che Priets and Priefteffes Chambers open’d. Near the River Ticiquaque a third
Temple, Confecrated to the Sun. )
Nations
Thevarious This kind of Idolatry was common to the Peruvians with feveral other
ne Payee of the antient Eleathens, as hath becm before obfery’d, which made them mock at
id
im the Spaniards when they told them of a Crucifi'd Saviour,faying they had a {plend
le
God, who appear’d to them in glory every Morning. In the third Temp
ipp’d
near the River Taciquaque in Peru, which exceeded the other two, they worfh
’d
Thunder by the Name of Chuquilla,(atuilla,and Intillapa, which the Peruvians believ
to be 2 Man that Commanded the Air, and who being Arm’d with a Club and
s
Sling, throws down Rain, Hail, and Snow from the Clouds, and fhooting Bullet
him
through the lower Region,caufes Thunder and Lightning : They worfhipp’d
a thing
after the fame manner as they: did Viracocha and the Sun, with holding up of
like a Glove, and fometimes Offering, efpecially in Cufco, living Children : Alfo
cha,
they ador’d the Earth of which they made:the Goddefs Bathamama , alfo Mamaco
Ser-
the God of the Sea. The. Rainbowe, which the Ingas carried between two
they
pen ts for their Arms, was alfo religioufly worfhipp’d. Amongft the Stars
of
imagin’d Colca, by us call'd Aries, or the Ram, as chief ; yet held feveral others
peculiar Denomination, in veneration, of which they crav’d fuch things as they
judge
wanted. The Shepherds ador'd the Star Nerenchilla, or Capricorn, whom they
os
to Rule over the Beafts. Others worfhipp’d Machacnay, which the Buropean Aftron
ns, that they might re-
mers call the Serpent, as commanding Serpents and Drago
the Star Cha-
ceive no hurt fromthem. Tygers, Lyons, and Bears, were Ruld by
ravenous Beafts,
guichinchag ;' wherefore thofe who would walk free from thole
They believ’d
lifted up folded Hands to the Conftellations reprefenting the fame.
Heavens could not
that there was no Creature living on Earth, whofe Likenefs the
of thofe in
afford, and that thofe which were on Earth were under the influence
a, Topatatca, Mas
Heaven : from hence proceeded the Names of the Stars Chacan
to Fountains,
mana, Mirma, and others. They likewife attributed a kind of Divinity
ie
«lt
—O

efpecially the Papas,

é elu
ee

:~;- _—
=
SS
--rs
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Rivers, Rocks; Mountains, fome kisdsiofblerbs, Roots, and
2

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 =

Chip We MER ICY. 4.23

ofaftrange fhape, and had-a veneration for all manner of Gredtures that were of
an unufual form. When they travell’d they firew'd Shoes, Plumes of Feathers, and
Cocoa in all crofs Ways and topsof Hills, by them ‘call’d Apachitas ;and if they
want the fore-mention’d things, then they throw a Stone for an Offering, from
whence it proceeds, that in allcrofs Ways, andon-the tops of Hills, lie heaps of
Stones, which are accounted holy. Awa s |
The like fond veneration of Stones the Saracens are {aid antiently to have had,
upon a Tradition, That Abrabam had enjoy’d Agar upon @ Stone, and that accord-
ing to Euthymius and Libanius, he ty’d his Cammel toa Stone when he went to Offer
his Son Ifaac. . f
The Images of their deceafed Ingas, whichthey call'd Guaoiqui, were had in great
honor, and carried with them to the Wars, ‘and up and down in Proceffionings,
and call’d upon for fruitful Seafons. yas 87"
The Immortality of the Soul, the givingofPunifhments to the Wicked, and of Theieee
Rewards to thofe that do well, was generally believ’d amongft the Persvians, but ws,'mmer.
not the Refurreétion of the Dead. Many fuffer’d themfelves to be buried with their S™
Friends, that they might accompany them to the other World. When the Inga
Guaynacava was buried, above a thoufand of his Courtiers Sung feveral Songs, kept
a great Feaft, and went with great joy to be buried with him, that fo they might
ferve their King on the other fide of the Mountains. They Offer’d likewife a great
number of Children, and with theit Blood crofs’d their Faces from one Eat to ano-
ther : But this barbarous Offering was never us’d but at the Death of prime Per-
fons of Quality ; for the meaner fort of People fet onely Meat on the Graves, and
gave the Dead.two Sutes of Apparel, put Money in their Mouthes and Hands ; for
they believ’d that the Souls ranging up and down from place to place, fuffer’d many
inconveniences. 7
The Peruvian Images confifted generally of Gold, Silver, Stone, or Wood, all of thir O*
them ftrangely deform’d: Some of them were faid to give Refponces like the
Oracle at Delphos and Dodona,chiefly in the Temple Pacachama,whofe greatne(s is {uf
ficiently manifelt by the Ruines of its Wallsbeyond Lima, where Francifcus Pizarrus
got an invaluable Treafure. Each Peruvian Province had a Temple, befides which,
in the Cities, Villages, and Hamlets, were Chappels of Eafe, into which the Priefts
went at Night with their Backs towards the Idol, bended Heads and Bodies ; in
which pofture they requefted to know future Events,and were many times anfwer'd
(if we may believe their Reports) in a terrible Voice. The great Temple at Cu/co,
wherein the Ingas had plac’d all the Peravian Idols, is now turn’d into a Dominicau
Cloyfter.In each Province of Peru was allo a Nunnery (if we may fo term it)or Ha- tyes tune
bitation of devoted Virgins, call’d Allaguau,iie. A Houfe ofthe Cheice/t,over which was“
plac’d a Governor nam’d Appopanaca, to whom none durft deny their Daughters ;
fome of which were ftyl’d Wives of the Sun, and others Servant-Maids to the fame:
The Wives Cloth’d in Embroyder’d Coats, adorn’d the Temple, whileft the Maids
kept clean the Walls and Floor. When they attain’d to fourteen Years of Age,
fome were chofen out from the reft, and oblig’d to perpetual Virginity and foli-
tude of Life in their Chappels ; which facred Obligation if they broke by fuffering
any to Lie with them,they were buried alive after the manner of the Veftal Virgins,
the Ceremony whereof is related by Plutarch: Others were oblig’d to make daily
Offerings; others to make peculiar. Sacrifices for the Inga’s Health, and happy
Events in Wat, many alfo were employ’d in the Court-Service to wait upon the
Inga’s Wife or Concubines.,; and thofe being abfolv’d from their Vow, were oft.
times Married to Courtiers, Thele Nunneries were Endaw’d with great Revenues
from
 424 AMERICA. r Chap. IV.
Their Ons fromthe Chacaras, or Church-Lands. Their Offerings were (for fome
times the
he Offer’d to their Idols the highly efteem’d Herb (0coa, Maiz feveral colour’d Plum
es,
Sea-Monfters, Gold and Silver Images of Beafts, fine Cloth
wood, and Tallow to burn) eithhave es call’d Cumbi, Sweet-
er fucce
to ls in thett Journeys, Trades, or fot
the prefervation of Health,or to obtain a plentiful Harveft. But their ufial Offer.
ings were (ces, a fort of Toads, which were eaten by the Peruvians. When the
were to.do any Bufinefs of confequence, ther Perfons of Quality kill’d their Sheep
ee
Pacos, not without ftrange obfervation of the colour-and number of them, as alfo
cee
=ae
of the time ; all which things well confider’d, they took the Sheep and laid it‘crofs
their right Arm, turn’d the Face thereof towards the Sun, and mutter’d
feveral
words to themfelves according to the colour; forif“it was{potted gtey,
-

they
{poke to Chuguilla, or Thunder; if white and fhore Fleec’d,tothe Sunif well
——
-;a
Fleec’d, to Viracocha. In Cufco they Offer'd daily. a fhort-fleec’d Sheep to the Sun in
this manner : Making a great Fire call’d Vibbacaronca, the Priefts threw the
—
-

Sheep
and four Baskets of Cocoa into it. Their Sacrifices Coxocoviced and Sapovicea,toob-
‘ -

———
=——
--
=——oe

tain Conquefts, were alfo very ftrange : for they gather’d out of Puna (whith ‘is a
defolace place) feveral forts of Brambles and Bufhesnam’d Ganilli, which being
= FF
—-
/
q+
-.~
—
ee
: .——
.
mad
te
a=
:

“4
~~
—-a -
+ewe
—.
all {et on fire, they went about the Fire with round Stones in: their Hands,
on
«
as“aZ -
*
>

which were painted Serpents, Lyons, Toads, and Tygers, crying, Ufachum, grant
a
=—
=

us
(Conqueft, together with this Prayer, Deftroy, O Creator, the power of our Enemies
Gods :
_——
:
=>°_—=“

which faid, feveral flary’d Sheep were brought out, which for that reafon
~ a
=~.
=a= =ee
eee

they
en
~2

><
i,
a
_

call’d Urca ; whofe Hearts having torn out they began their Prayers afrefh, faying
r
r
: ’. re
SayoO i ,
*

7 *)' : sy > Mighty Viracocha, thus do thou pull out the Hearts of our Enemies. Forthe profperity of
the Ingas they kill’d in an open Field black Dogs, by them call’d Appitrucos, whofe
; ‘

' :

; a\%
' -. 2.

Flefh was eaten with many Ceremonies by People appointed for that purpof
e.
, ’ ‘ -

They made Offerings alfo to the Fountains, Rivers, Brooks, and Sea-fhells,
- 7,t
; j +! 'y

under
: 7
} on

pretence that thofe Shells were Daughters of the Ocean, and the Ocean the
nin

Father
ris
I is P : ; L

of Streams and Springs, when they bad Sow’ntheir Fields their Priefts,chof
f >! -
it

e to that
' 4 ei
- i] 7

Office, went from Houfe to Houfe to gather {uch Offerings as every one was
f 4 5/

pleas’d
b ' ‘ =
Pal} =

to give ; which they laid at the Banks of feveral Sluces, at the time when
: i

the Water
:

4
' -

"eS began to rife there,thinking by thatOblation to keep them from

over-flowing their
- ' '

it}
Lands,and wafhing away their Seed.In all places where two Rivers
+
|
; 7m a)
: >: '
joyn’d together
; a “eal
they wafh’d themfelves, having firft bedaub’d themfelves all over
with ftamp‘d
- -

. 5
;

|
:

Maiz, and afterwards look’d upon themfelves as well purg’d from Sin;
which >
4 x :

power they afcrib’d to their Baths. To ftrangle Children between

four and ten
: :
7 . 7”

7 Nid ;
! ty - : $f
a4 |

yeats of Age was never usd, unlef upon the Inga’s being fick,
or when he
>) af
' Dieta 47H

' ; ::
receiv'd the Royal Taffel, that from the death of the Children he might
.

rectiye
. ‘ pat)
: ia J \

Health, or Reign profperoufly. The fore-mention’d Nuns that were cho{e

: ? 7 a
| 4
f ites rf
to at-
tend on the King’s, were alfo ftrangled when the Inga was fick ; nay,
f4 PP wer iss :
7. ;
"\

fometimes
a Father would Offer his Son to Viracocha,on the SunsPrieft’s fuggefti
_ ;
;. oi :
a

on,
That by his
Son’s death he would recover from his Sicknefs, Praying tothe
: .

, ¥

foremention’d Dei
i : iw il
’
. o :

ty, that they would be pleas’d to fave the fick Father, becaufe the
a : 1
'
7
4 7

Son had with

his Death paid for his Fathers.
- t
_ So ih ‘
|
:
\ \
|
This kind of Cruelty the Devil feem’d to prompt the Heathens to,
a? : ;

by making ufe
, ‘
| any "
’ 1
“ h>
of Abrabam’s Example, who prepar’d his Son IJ/aac for a Sacrifice
on Mount Moria ;
¢
im Pet

and that it was a Praétice amongft the antient Ammonites and Moabit
‘ Lt]

es, and other

;

Heathens (by which even the Children of I/rael were apt tobe feduc’d)
appears from
the Scripture it felf: the Ceremonies of which bruitith Cuftoms,
with the feven
Brazen Chambers of Moloch, may be feen defcrib’d by Rabbi
Solomon, ‘
Their High The high Feaft Capacrayne, which the Peruvians kept in the firft-Moneth
Featts. Rayme,
7
agrecing
Chap. IV. AMERICA A2§

agreeing with our December, deferves ferious obfervation : for as long as the Featt
lafted, no Stranger was fuffer’d to Lodge in Cufco, whither they all flock’d again
after the Feaftewas over, to receive Cakes made by the Mamaconas (an Order of
Nuns) of Maiz and the warm Blood of a white Ram, and were diftributed by cere
tain Priefts (Extracted from the Royal Family Iuqui Yupangui) who carrying them
up and down in Golden Difhes, gave every one of a Company one, faying at the
delivery of it, If you do not Reverence the Sun and Inga, this Food will witne/s againft yon
to your Ruine ;but ifyou worfhip them, then their Bodies will by this Pledge be united to yours :
after which thofe that had eaten of the Cakes promis’d Obedience, and thank’d the
Sun and Inga for their Food. | |
At the foreemention’d Cha/quis a courfe was taken to carry all that defir’d, toeves
ry Temple through the whole Kingdom of Peru, where the Inhabitants receiv’d
them with great Reverence, having before confefs'd all their fins to their Yaburies,
or Father-Confeflors, who being chofen to that Office with a great deal of Ceremo- Their mannet
ny, impos‘d greater or lefler Penances, according to the fins of the Penitent : thofe ofons,Confeffi-
that were fufpeéted to have conceal’d any of their fins,were put to caft Lots,or had
the Entrails of the Beafts which they had kill’d to that purpofe confulted about them,
and thereby were difcover’d if they had conceal’d any of their fins ; which when-
ever it hapned, the Priefts falling upon the falfe Penitents, thump’d them with a
Stone on their Backs fo long,till they had confefs‘dall their Faults, which the Prieft
was not to reveal on pain of Death, butto make Expiatory Offerings. The fins
about which they were Examin’d, were chiefly Theft, Murder, Adultery, prepa-
ring of Poyfon, or fleighting their Inga or Gods ; for each of which Tranf{greffions
they had feveral kinds of Punifhments. When the Inga fell fick, all People in ges
neral were fore’d to come and make Confeffion oftheir fins ; alfo every oné went
to his Confeffor when he was in trouble, or expected fome Misfortune to befall
him : The Inga himfelf Confefs’d his fins to none but the Sun, which he defir’d torre»
late to Viracocha,and to beg pardon of him for the fame;which done,he bath’d hims
felfin a running Stream, and cry’d; I have made my fins known'to thee, O Sun ; do thon,
0 Ri.
 42.6 AMERICA. Chap. IV.
O River, wafh away mine Iniquities, and difcharge them into the Sea, that they may never be
more laid to my charge : which cuftom of Bathing, call’d Opacuna, was allo us’d by all
riei: Pea other Penitents. A Father lofing his Son by Death, wascenfur’d for a great Sinner, —
a wherefore he could not be permitted to be Confels'd before he had been whipp’d
with Nettles by a cetain ill-look’d Officer appointed for that end; after which
their Fathers Yhuris enjoyn’d fuch Penances as they thought fit;fome were order’d
to faft feveral days ; gthers to pay rich Garments, Silver, Gold, or the like; others —
receiv’d acertain number of Blows; fome were condemn’d to live on the Moun.
tains, excluded from the fociety of all Men. If their Sorcerers at any time fore-
“told a Fathers Death, then he immediately Sacrifis'd his Son, that with his Death
TheEfem he might buy his own Life. No People were more me glee their Sooth-
Soothfayers. (averg;'as Men that could difcover private Thefts, Accidents that hapned in re-
mote Countreys, and alfo future Events,and fo far their Ci edict amongft th¢ Vulgar
carried-them; that they.undertook to tell the Spaniards when theirCountrey-men
fhould be Conquerors, and when defeated in the Warthey maintain’d againft the
~ Netherlanders.. There were alfo cunning Woggycr bo metas Srasiee dead
. the Herb Viloa, and afterwards coming to
they mix’d
Drunk with Chica, with which
all the Queftions that were propofedtothem.
themfelves again, anfwer'd
Theirmoth The Peruvians kept two forts of Feafts, the firft at certain times, the others on
" fpecial octafions ; the fet-Feafts were kept Monethly ; onthe-firft Moneth Rayme,
agreeing with our laft Moneth December, as aforefaid, they kept the great Feaft Ca-
pacrayme, on which they brought Multitudes of Sheep agd Lambs for Burnt-offer-
ings, befides Silver and Gold. Not far from the Fire ftood:three'Carv'd Images of
the Sun, and three others reprefenting Thunder; and this was generally the Day
of the Inftallation of the young Inga’s, which was after this manner : The chief
Prieft boring a Hole through his Ear, cover'd the upper part of his Body with the
holy Cloth Guaras, whileft the inferior Priefts whipt him with knotted Cords, and
painted his Face with:the Blood. “During thefe Ceremonies no Stranger was {uf-
fer’d to remain in Cu/co, but after the Feaft was ended they all return’d, and as bes
fore, receiv’d Cakes bak’d of Maiz and Blood; as ateftimony that they lov'd and
honor’d the Inga.
The three Images of the Sun beforesemention’d they call’d Apointi, Churiunti, and
Intiquaoqui, that is, FathereSun, Sun-Sun, and Brother-Sun. In like manner they nam’d
the three Images of Thunder, Chugquilla, (atuilla, and Intillapa ; from which’ Acofta
judges that the Devil had obfcurely taught the Peruvians the Myfteries of the holy
Sacrament and Trinity, (that their glory might be eclips’d by Idolatrous Errors) efpe-
cially. the laft, which f{eems plainly to be fignifi'd by the Peruvian Deity Tangatanga,
whoin they affirm’d to be One in Three,and Three in One. And that other Nations
alfo had a glimpfe of the fame may be collected from Philip Cluverius, who endeas
vors to demonftrate, that che antient Germans and Gauls ob{curely ador’d the Trinity
in the midft of their Heatheni/m, under the notion of Sun, Moon, and Fire, the Sun
fignifying the Father, the Moon the Son, and the Fire the Holy-Ghof?; to confirm
which he makes ule of Ce/ar’s Teftimony, viz, They onely efteem thofe Gods whom they
fee, and thofe that.afsift them, viz. the Sun, Vulcan, and the Moon ; for they have never
heard .any thing’ concerning any other Gods. Diodorus Siculus feems alfo to afcribe 4
glimpfe of this Myftery to the Egyptians, when he fays, That the antienteft Peo-
ple in Egypt, when'they view’d the World, and were amaz’d at all things on the
Earth,they judg’d that two Gods Govern’d them all,viz.the Sun and Moon,by whom
all things flourifh’d and encreas’d ; to whom they added a third, namely Fire, to
which they attributed a Divinity, as conducing much to the increafe and growth of
ce all
Chap. IV. a gh MM, BRA EC &, 4.27

h! ee
te

all things. The Moon, which was alfo call’d Juno, they judg’d to be the Offspring
of God, (for Son and Daughter were promifcuoufly taken) who, according to
Homer, Marrying with Jupiter, brought forth Vulcan, which might haply be to them
a Type or Figure of the Holy-Gho/t, proceeding from the Father and Son: Vulcan
was by her plac’d a Prefident over the Fire, by which the Heathens feern’d to imitate
the fiery Power of the Holy-Ghoft, purifying and cleanfing all things: and this
cleanfing Power was aim’d at by Romulus,when,according to Dionyfins Halicarnaffenfis,
he commanded his Soldiers to leap through a Fire made before his Tent, that fo
they might be purifi'd from all their Crimes. But it may be thought ftrange, that
the Peruvians,Germans,or Egyptians, loft in a Wood of grofs Idolatry, could have any
apprehenfion,though never fo ob{cure, of the holy Trinity,when as the moft nice and
curious Greek and Roman Wits have made fuch grofs miftakes concerning God. But
to return again to the Peruvians: They kept their fecond Feaft in the fecond Moneth ~
Camay, on which they threw the Afhes of their Offerings into the River, and fol- /
low’d them, on the Shore for the {pace offive Leagues, praying the River to carry |
the Afhes to the Sea, where Viracocha.would receive them. In the third and fourth 3
Moneths they kill’d a hundred and ten black {potted and grey Sheep. In the be- TheirHar
ginning of May (by the Peruvians call’d Hatuncuzqui) they gather'd in their Maiz, and nie.
kept the Feaft Aymorai ; after which they return’d home Singing. from thrir Fields,
call’d Chacrd§ and carried a great heap of Maiz with them, nam‘d Peruas wrapping
it up in rich Garments ; three Nights they continu’d their Ceremonies, implo-
ring the Perua to preferve their Harveft of Maiz from any damage that might chance
to come to it, and alfo to let that grow profperoufly which they fhould Planc
next. Laftly, their Sorcerers confulted whether the Perua could laft till che nexe ae ay
year ? towhich if they were an{wer'd No, they carried it into the Fields, and burn-
\ i}

i)
ing it, madea new-Perua, which when they knew to be fufficient to laft gocd a year, \

they carried it tothe Granary in great triumph. In thefeyenth Moneth Ancaya- a

y|
cuzgui, they kept the Feaft-call’d Intraymi, wivh a hundred Sheep, in honor of the |
——

Sun, They alfo made feveral Images of the Wood Quimia, which they put in rich ——

=e : Hakirs,
 “s

4.28 AM ERI C a. Chap. IV.

Habits, ftrew'd the Ways with Flowers, Danc’d a ftrange Dance nam’d Cayo,

Drunk for four Days together. The eleventh Moneth Aymaraimi, was nam’d Pun-
chaiquis, from the Feaft they kept therein, on which (befides the ufual Offerings of
eight hundred Sheep) they ty’d a black Sheep to a Poft without Meat, till fuch
time as there fell ftoreofDew. Their Feaft call’d Raymicantara Raiquis, was kept
in the laf Moneth Ayamara, on which'their Youth were bor’d through the Ears.
Their Fat Amongft the high Feafts which were kept on great occafions, the chiefeft was Ytri,
againft which they all made new Clothes after a peculiar fafhion, wearing their
Cloaks muffled about theit Heads ; in which manner they walked leifurely awhole
>
Day and a Night ; during which time none durft either Eat or Drink, or open his
Eyes: But after this {erious Proceffioning follow’d four days of-extravagancy, as
sa
-
_-
’3se
>.
Drinking, Dancing, and the like. In their Dances, which were to the found of
:
‘
i
abe—
we
=pr
ies
t, : Drums, Pipes, and Horns, they imitated all manner of Trades by ftrange motions
of their Bodies, befides divers other Frolicks and May-games which ‘they tis’d at
o- ; A
' Bl
m4
7 :
‘tif

fuch times of Mirth and Feftivity: But fince the Spaniards conquer’d Peru, all thefe
: ;

-
tM
o OPE
)

Heathenifh Cuftoms have-beem laid afide: aA aE ay

i

4 4 44 :

;
tat
a
;
‘5 3
®
}
4) ix Det As.to the Prognoftications:and Fore-runners of the deftruction of the old Empire
ia a

7
:

'
-
svopte_ of Pern, it is reported, that Gaaynacaya, Father of the faft King: Attabaliba,lying on his
Te
:
>
a
57
:
‘
Lan
: Death-bed in Quito, faid to hisPrinces, ‘This Realn, at prefent rais'd to the highe/t top of
Eminency, is haftming towards its\Ruine ; and though our Kingdom rentain as yet freee from
foreign Invafion, the Countreys round about are already conquer’d and in' Slavery: The Gods
—

have call'd firange People from unknown Regions, who by degrées: will reach ws alfo. With me;
who am the twelfth Inga, dies the Dominion of the mighty Peru.’ A People of‘ other Fafhions
and ‘Keligion will /ubvert our Religion, Laws and Government, and bring’is‘under Sabjettion
to them, “There were alfo Signs and Prodigies that portendethe d Diffolution’ of this
Empire; amongft the reft a great Eruption in the Province of Tatiiga; which rend-
iag the Earth alunder vomitedup Flames of Fire;nor was it long é’te they were file
flt'd;for whileftthe Peruvians were making of Offerings toViracécha for the delivery
of their imprifon’d King Hua/car, News was brought to Cu/co of Attabaliba’s being ‘tas
ken;the Particulars whereof,with other Matters touching the Conqueft of this Kings
dom by the Spaniards, and how they pillag’d the Countrey, murder’d the Inhabi-
tants, and enrich’d them(felves with their ineftimable Treafutes; fhalfin order be
“related: | | sq arK I
By whom The firft chac gave the Spaniards natice of Peru, was an Indian Prince call’d Pun-
ditepe de guinaco, who having been taken Prifoner, inform’d Vafquez Nunez of the abundance
of Gold and Silver which was to be had there, who-refolv’d to venture through @
thoufand Dangers into the South Sea. After which Francifco Pizarro, Ferdinand ‘de Lugue,
and Diego de Almagro, confulted upon this great Defign, Anno 1525. Pizarrns being
order’d to Sail before with a Ship carrying ‘a hundred and fourteen Men, and Ae
magro to follow with a Veflel carryitte feventy Men, whileft De Lugue ftaid'to ma-
nage the Affairs at home. Fifty Leagues Southward from Panama, Pizarias found 2
! | bam beter in
H
;

I
fmall Neckof Land nam’d Peru, from which it is moft probable that great Kings
dom afterwards receiv’d its Denomination, though many deduce it from the River
Beru, as before mention’d : Thence Sailing to the main Continent of Peru, and Great Diti-
Landing, he loft feveral of his Men, and being himfelf defperately wounded, re- Ditcovery of
curn’d with ill fuccefs, whileft Almagro miffiag of him, Landed afterwards in the ik
fame’ place, and <alfo loft feveral of his Men, and one of his own Eyes : yet not
long after they“renew'd their Defign, carrying with them in two Ships.and thre¢
Boats, three hundred ftout Men, which all fuffer’d extream Hunger, and had they
not happily gotten fome Sea-Crabs, they had without doubt all of them perifh’d :
at laft Landing on the Coaft of (atamez, they. were Encountred by a People whofe
Faces were hung full of Golden Nails, and daily loft more and more of their Men;
upon whichill Succeffes the new American VicesRoy forbad the farther difcovery of
Peru, and call’d homethe remaining part fromthe Ifland Gallo, fo that Pizarro kept
with him but twelve Men, with whom he went to the defolate Ifle Gorgona,¥where
he liv’d on Sea»Snailsy till.he receiv’d Provifions from Panama ; after which they
{pent two years in making farther Difcoveries upon the Coafts of Peru : During
which time he vifited the Queen (apullana, and difcoyer’d a mighty Palace, where
three of the twelve Men were kill’d, whofe Memory deferves to live for ever, be.
caufe the World owes to their unheard-of Valor the Difcovery of the mighty King- |
dom of Peru ; but there are onely left Recorded the Names of thofe nine Worthies
who furviv’d that Exploit, which were thefe following, Nicholas de Rivera, Peter de
Candia, fuan'Torre, Alonzo Brifeni, Chriftophero Peralca, Alonzo de 'Truxillo, Francifco Cuels
lar, Alonzo Molina, and thePilot Bartholomeo Ruyx : With thefle nine Pizarro Landed
on the Ifle'Puna, inhabited by a valiant People, who us’d Bowes, Darts, Silver
Knives, and Pikes tipt with Gold: From thence he fteer’d his Courfe unto the
Haven Tumbex, where Peter de Candia Landing, was met by forty thoufand of the In-
habitants, who conducted him to the Temple of the Sun, built bythe Inga Guayna-
cava, and adorn’d inthein-fide with Golden Plates. Not long after which Pizar- Picarre made
ro was by an Order fromthe Spanifh. Court made Governor of Peru, to the great Fe
difcontent of Almagro ; which Difference being decided, Pizarro. {et out again with
two hundred and fifty Foot, befides Horfe, with which he\ Landed a hundred
Leagues lower than before, where he gora great Mals of Gold.and fome Emeraulds
of the (afique, all which he fent to Panama, thereby to ftir up. the People to come to
Peru to his affiftance ; where thofe that were at prefent on the Place, .befides other
great Hardfhips which they fuffer’d, were miferably plagued with Ulcers in their
Faces ; yet they profecuted their Conqueft as:well as they could with what {mall
Power was left them, and had newly taken Querto Viejo when Captain Bevalcazar
and Juan Florez brought frefh’ Supplies of Men and Horfe; with which Recruit
Pizarro conquer’d the Valley of Tumbex ;from whence they Sail’d over to the Ifland
Punas, where the friendly Entettainment they met with at firft,turn’d {oon after in-
toa bloody Battel : for ‘the Spaniards not forbearing to prie into every Houfe, and ©
committing many Outrages, were fet uponby the Natives, whom having at laft
fubdu’d, and being again fupply’d with new Forces by Ferdinando Sotto from Nicara-
gua, they return’d to Tumbez, where the Countrey was all in Arms upon the Report
of the Spaniards: Cruelties committed on the Ifland Puna, infomuch that they Offer'd
all chofe whom they took alive to their Gods,and flew as many as they could con-
veniently meet with. Pizarro having ftay’d about twenty days,went with his Bros
thers Juan and Gonfalves, the Captains Sotto and Bevalcazar, and fifty Horfe over the
River Ambato about Mid-night, through a thorny Way betwixt Mountains, and
about Break-of-day fell upon the Tumbezan Army, and having ferledithings pretty
aa Sf well
 4.30 | oA ME Ril C A. | Chap. IV.
Tangazara, along
well in thofe Parts, he built the Ciry St- Michael in the Countrey
Agents from Cufco, who
the River De la Chira, where he was Complemented by two
receiv'd for Anfwer,
defiring Aid in Huafcar’s Namie againft his Brother Attabaliba,
iba there ; whole
That he was going to Caxamalca, as indeed he was, to find Attabal
for Pizarro, under
Commands that he fhould not approach prov'd all in vain:
was-no fooner
pretence of Complementing him in his Catholick Majefty’s Name, upon
Prifoner, and fet for a Ranfom
sirisite admitted to his Préfence, but he took him
and nine Foot broad was
ioe Patec, Rim as much Gold as a Room of fifty four Foot long
up};.But the
Rantomre ableto contain, as high as he could juft reach with his Hand held
s’d thereat, whom
Gold coming flower than was expected, Pizarro was much incen
fooner,
Attabaliba endeavoring to pacifie, alledg’d, That it could not poflibly. come
was to be
becaufe the Way between Caxamalca and Cufco, from whence the Gold
fent
fetch’d, was ata great diftance : Thetruth whereof Pizarro refolving to try,
{wift of
Sotto Mad Peter del Bara to Cufco in Chairs, carried by Peruvians exceeding
attended, with-
Foot, and who if they tir’d were fucceffively reliev’d by others that
they met
out fo much as fetting down the Chair; being got about half way,
ner, who re-
with ‘Artabaliba’s Captain Cilucuchuma, he having taken Huafcar Prifo
Hands
quefted Sotto and Baro that they would be pleas’d to deliver him out of the
of his blood-thirfty Brother, for which kindnefs he would pay three times as
elfe but
much Goldas Attabaliba had ptomis’d, who was not able to give any thing
whereas Hua/car
che Golden Plates which were in the Temple of the Sun in Cufco;
true, for Huaf-
had all the Treafure that was left by Guaynacava; which indeed was
fo
dir had caus‘d it privately to be buried, and put to deaththofe that did it, that
ever
ke might keep the place conceal’d where it lay ; infomuch that none .could
all imagi-
find it out to this i though the Spaniards have tortur’d the Indians.with
nable cruelty; to make them difcover the place. But Attabaliba inform’d by Pizare
faid, I am much
vo of Huafcar’s Imprifonment, {eem’d to be exceeding forry, and
I ac-
troubled at the News of my Captain’s laying ‘violent Flands on my Brother Huafcar, whom
e be bas no
Knowledge iny eldeft Brother, and both of the fame Father and Mother; but I fuppof
defign to kill him, but onely keeps him Prifoner, to bring bim to grant me peaceably to enjoy the
Kingdom of Quito, of late brought under fubjettion of the Peruvian (own. .Pizarro not
obferving Attabaliba’s fubtilty (who defign’d nothing but Huafcar’s Death, out of
to
fear that the Spaniards wpon his liberal promifes to them, might promote him
{uppofing
the Throne) comforted him as well as he could :) whereupon Attabaliba
Aua/car,; gave
that Pizarro would be little concern’d at the killing of his. Brother
put into exe-
rs AO fpeedy Order that he fhould be burnt alive, which accotdingly was
Atsabaliba's
de of bis Cution ; but before he was broughtifo the Fire, he foretold his Brother
Panama,
ubsiibs. e¢nel Death. During which time Almagro came with frefh Supplies from
laft, was paid with
eager to have a fhare of the foresmention’d Ranfom, which at
upto
overplus ; for by daily bringingin of Baskets of Gold,the Chamber was fill’d
d Promife, yet Sen-
the very top ; but though Artabaliba had more than perform’his
been Baptiz'd:
Auabsiie |tence of Death was pronounc’d againft him prefently afterhe had
the falfe Ac-
by theSpe che Reafons of which wicked and raf{h Condemnation were two ;firft
, that, thea
" ufation’of a Peruvian Interpreter call’d Philippillo, who defir’'d his Death
he might with the more freedom enjoy one of his Wives; for Actabaliba miftrwas ufting
fonment not
the fame, had complain’d thereof to Pizarro, faying, That his Impri
of his Coun
fo grievous ‘to him, as the thoughts of the Adultery, atted againft the frritt Laws-
,
trey, the Defilet of an Inga’s Bed being not onely to be-burnt:. with the Adulterers
Houfes to be sac’d
but alfo the whole Families of them, tothe Jeaft: Infant; their
their Land fow’n with ‘Salt,e :as for ever cursd.:wy The fecon
phe d
to thema n Ground, and
SE ee a a *.- \e os
 Chap: Iv. AMERICA. 431
caufe of Attabaliba’s Death is laid 6n Almagro, who came to Pern, with new Fforces,
and who fearing that norie of the Gold which Attabaliba had the delivery of, would
fall to his fhare, as not having been in the Battel where Actabaliba was taken, there-
fore order'd him tobe fuddenly Strangled, that fo the Booty might be equally divi- ene
ded. Not long after Pizarro conquering Cufco, got no lefs Treafure than at Caxa- Sm’
malca. Here the Reign of the Peruvian Inga’s ceafed, with which before no Kings that
_ evet Govern’d in the World were able to compare in Riches and Glory. Their Z*:2m
Palaces were round about adorn’d with Golden Images; and they never ate but pty cm
out of Golden Veffels, {pitting in the Hands of beautiful young Women of Noble
Extra&, were worfhipp’d like Gods both whileft living and when dead, all their
Subjects being:their Slaves, and they. the fole Lords of the whole. B sabia In. the
interim Bevaleazar march’d from the new City Sr. Michael, with a hundred and
- twenty Foot and eighty Horfe, to afi the Cannares acainn one of Attabaliba’s
Generals, who having fpoil’d the Ways by digging Pits, and covering them over
with Buthes, refitted them‘in feveral places : then macthing to Quito besbusas.the
City, after baving kill’d a hundred of the Natives, becaufe they laughed at the Spa-
niards Arrival. Afterwards joyning with. Almagro, he went back to (x/co, whither
onthe Way hehad News of Quifauis, Attabaliba’s General, and of his Brother Guay:
palcon, who making ufe of a Rock, threw down great Stones, by the Peruvians call’d
-Galgas, which in their Fall Heeingsothers, brought down a great number with them,
by which means he not onely defended the Place for the ptefent, but kill’d et
Spaniards ;neverthelefs diftrufting his ability to keep it, he retreated to a. fteep
Mountain about Midnight, at the Foot whereof a Paflage led over a deep River,
_ where he burnt all his Luggage that he could not carry wich him;alfo above fifteen
thoufand Sheep and four thoufand Prifoners, became wholly at the Difcretion.of
~ Almagro, who'leaving there Captain Martin Aftete, order’d him to build the Town
Traxillo: In the meantime Quifquis was put to flight by Pizarro, and went to Quito,
where he loft many People, that were kill’d by Bevalcazar’s Guard ; yet thofethat
were remaining chofe rather to Fight to the aft, chan flye through Wilderneffes,
and there be ftarv’d to death ; which Qui/quis contradicting, was Stabb’d by hs Quifguit, At
Captain Guappalau, and immediately after, cut to pieces.. As foon as thefe Stirs Gental>
were quieted, Pizarro began to build the City Los Reyos, near a convenient Haven cum sia
of the Southern Ocean, whileft Almagro marching to Cbili with two: Troops of
Horfe, and five hundred Foot, return’d without doing any thing remarkable, ex:
_ cept histaking the Interpreter Philippillo (whomhe caus'd to becut into four pieces)
and his maintaining feveral Battels againft che Chile/es, cladin SeasWolves Skins.
In this Journey he loft feveral of his Men on the Snowy Mountains, About this
time a Ship fitted out by Gabriel Carvajal, Bifhop of Placentia, Sailing through the
Straights of Magellan, ran into the Haven Los Reyos, out of whichthe firft Rats {wam
afhore that’ever were in Peru, by which the Countreyfince fuffering much damage,
the Inhabitants call’d them Ococha, that is, Sinful Creaturess Now all things on ché
Spaniards fide were tending to a quiet poffeffion, when anew Accident arofe, which
had like to have fpoil’d all, for Mango Inga, Attabaliba’s Brother, being ‘releas’d OUt seanpo mga
of Prifon by Juan Pizarro, obtain’ d leave.to go to Yucaya, to fetch the famous Golden iat"
Image Machys, reprefenting his Father Guaynacava: but he having now gotten his a eh
Liberty flew all the Spaniards which work’d in the Gold-Mines, took the Caftle0 pe ies
(ufco by Storm, as alfo the City, after a Siege of eight hioneibas which meverthe-
. lefs was by Feantifeo Pizarro foon reetaken, and Mango forc’d to flyejinto the Moun-
tains Andes, after he had kill'd feveral of Almagyo’s Men; foon after Almagro about
ye getting over the Wells, and taking. Ferdinando and Gonfalvo Pizarro, and
S{ 2 Alpbonfo
 AMERICA. | Chap. IV.
Alphonfo Alvarado Prifoners, condemn’d them all three to die, caus'd himfelf to be
proclaim’d Governor, and gave the Royal Taffel to Paulo Inga, whileft Gonfalvo and
Alvarado breaking Prifon, inform’d Francifco Pizarro thereof (who then had ob-
tain’d the Title of Margue/s, and for an Inheritance, the Province Attabillos;) he was
he thought
exceedingly troubled for his Brother Ferdinand, whofe Enlargement
would be beft procur’d by making Peace with Almagro, and the fooner, becaufe the
Several Par- Peruvians began to rebel againft the Spaniards in moft places, flew divers Companies

of them; amongft whom Diego Pizarro was fet upon in'a narrow Path call’d Lau.
tics of the
Peruvians

cefta Parcos, and amongft the Mountains loft feventy Horfemen ;and Gonfalvo de
fet upon the
Spaniards

one of eighty Horfe. Alfo the Peruvians fetupon three hundred

and over~
throw them Tapico fav'd not

Troopers, Commanded by the Generals of the Horfe, Morgoveio and Gaeti, in a nar-
row Path, and rowl’d down great Stones from the tops of the Mountains both be-
fore and behind them, fo killing both Horfe and Man before they could put them-
felves into apofture of Defence, infomuch that none efcap’d with Life but two
Troopers. Francifco de Godoy, fent out of Los Reyos with forty five Horfe, upon
Difcoveries, return’d alfo with great lofs, being purfu’d twenty Leagues by the Pes —
ruvians,againft whom Peter de Lerma being fent out with fixty Horfe,fought a whole
day with them, and though few of his Men were kill’d, yet many were wounded,
and feveraltaken : The victorious Peruvians retreating to the top of a fandy Moun-
tain in the Night, Offer’d the Spaniards they had taken Prifoners, as a teftimony of
thanks, to Viracocha, and afterwards ftood drawn up near the City Los Reyos by the
General Tyxopangui.. The Marquefs thus befet round, fent for Aid from New Spain
and Truxillo, and alfo for Alphonfo Alvarado to come back, who had beep fent to
difcover the Countrey Chachepoyos, and being gotten into'a Defart, would without
_. doubt have perifh’d for want of Water, had not fome Horfemen riding fomewhat
out of the Way, found Pits with frefh Water : notwithftanding which, five hun-
dred Inacona’s (for fo the Spaniards call’d the Peruvian Slaves) died for Thirft. He was
afterwards’ fupply’d by Gomez Tordoya with two hundred Men, by the help of
They are
whom, though encompafs’d by the Inhabirants near the Bridge Lamucacha, where
beaten by began a fierce Battel, Alvarado wasin the end Conqueror.
yet they could not
Alvarado.
Whileft the Spaniards found fo much to do with the Peruvians,
Civil War forbear more and more Clafhing amongft themfelves, the Marquels commanding
that Almagro fhould furrender and leave the City Cufco; but he refuling to obey,
between Pi-
zarroand Al-

fortifi’d himfelf on the top of the Mountain Gaytara, ftopt the Ways by cutting
HrAgTO.

down the Trees : but Ferdinando Pizarro getting up to the top along a private Way,
made fuch a confufion amongft them with Bolt-fhot, that Almagro, who was fick
at that time, was fore’d to lye; which being told Pizarro, he purli’dhim, and had
doubtlefs utterly defeated him at that bout, had not his Men, benumm’d with
marching in the deep Snow, been taken with a Diftemper which made them as if
they had been all Sea-fick, (for fuch is the property of the Mountain Guaytara) in-
fomuch thatthey could {carce carry their Arms :Whereupon Almagro was advis'd
to oppofe his Purfuers, and that he need not doubt of the Victory ; but he either
following his own Didtates, or being counter-advis'd, fortifi'd himfelf in (ufco,
whither Ferdinand and Gonfalvo Pizarro march’d againft him. Rodrigo de Orgonnes
Commanded Almagro’s Army, who being fick, lay on the Walls of the City to fee
the Battel fought. The Peruvians, who on each fide werein the Spanifh Service,
march’d in the Front : on the twenty fixth of April, Anno 1538. the Bight began, in
which the Almagrians did much mi(chief with Crofs-bar fhot amongft the Pizarrians;
yet Almagro’s Horfe retreated firft, being under the Command ‘of Peter Valdivia ;
foon after which the reft of his Army, their Courage alfo failing, fled tothe City;
into
Chap. LV. ea MERLC A. 433
into which, as foon as Orgones being fhor in the Head and flain, the Conqueror
rufh’d after them,and rook Almagro Prifoner : yet notwiftanding this prof{perous be-
ginning, he foon found himfelf in agreat ftrait, fince thofe which remain’d alive of
Almagro’s Party refus’d to ferve Pizarro, and murmur’d again him in all places,
refolving to take Almagro from him by force, -befides that Pizsrro’s Soldiers grume
bled thatthey were not paid fufficiently for the many hazards which they had run:
wherefore to compofe thefe Troubles as well as poffibly he could, he banifh’d all
whom he thought to be of the oppofite Party, fent away the chief of his own mu-
tinous Soldiers with Captain Peter de (andia, todifcover new Countreys, put. Almas
gro to death, and march’d to Callao; where being ftraitned for want of Provifion,
he made no ftay, but got his Army with much ado to Cufco. Gonfalves Pizarroowas
likewife fo fet upon by the Natives, that he loft a confiderable number of Men;
In fhort, the Pizarrans were defeated in all places, and at length the Marquels, themarquef
though forewarn’d by his Secretary Antonto Picado, was murder’d in his own Houfe eeu
in the City of Lima, otherwife call’d De los Reyos by.a Baftard-Son of Almagro,nam’d ses
Diego,in the Year 15.41; his Body dragg’d to the Church-yard, lay there to every
ones view and derifion, till Jobu de Barbara buried the fame. His Father Gonfalvo nis Origioal
Pizarro, fit-nam’d The tall (Citizen of Truxillo, Commanding a Company of Foot jinferofhis Ri-
Navarre, had two lawful Sons, viz, Ferdinand, who was murder’d in the Spanifh 5s:
Caftle Motta, and Joba that was flain in Cufco, when Mango Inga conquer’d the City,
the other two, Gonfalvo and Francifco, being both Baftards ; the laft of which is
faid to have been expos’d by his Mother inthe Church Porch, and kept alive for
feveral days by fucking of aSow, till his Father afore-mention’d finding him, and
acknowledging him for his Son, put him out to Nurfe, and when he was grown
up fet him tokeep Swine ; which courfe of Life hefoon left, and following Alphon-
fus de Ojeda, Balboa, and Pedro de Avita in their Expeditions, he quickly grew rich,
and at laft came to that heighth of Honor and Command we have heard. - Francifo
Martino de Aleantara was alfo his Brother by the Mothers fide onely. He was a Man
who defpis’d all Dangers and Hardfhips, was fo well experienc’d in Martial Afe
fairs, that he might well ftand in competition with many of the antient Heroes.
In Los Reyos he built two very artificial Water-Mills, a Dominican Cloyfter, and an-
éther for the Monks De la Merced, and likewife a ftately Palace for himfelf : He,
was both meek and affable , and though he bore the greateft Commandin the Em-
peror’s Name over the mighty Kingdom of Peru, and got more Riches than ever
- any of the Roman, Perfian, Grecian, or-Affyrian Monarchs poffefs’d, yet he went in the
fame plain kind of Apparel in the heighth of his Grandeur,as when he was but ina
low Condition, about his Neck he commonly ty’d a Linnen Hankerchiff,with which
he us’d to wipe the Sweat from his Face: in peaceable Intervals he {pent whole
days in playing at Bowls, without any diftingtion of Perfons, chufing often to play
rather with a Sea-man or common Soldier, than a phantaftick Gallant : He vifited
the meaneft Citizens, and many times us’d to eat with poor People, to whom he’
was upon all occafions very noble and liberal ; All his Defigns he carried on by
the ftrength of meer natural Parts : for he was fo very illiterate, that he could nei-
ther Write nor Read, his Edicts were Sign’d with his two Marks, betwixt which
his Secretary writ Francifco Pizarro; he is faid to have hada Son which died young
by Attabaliba’s Sifter, who came afterwards to be call’d Donna Angelina; he died in
a very unfortunate time, for upon his good fuccefs the Spanifh Powet had grounded
_ their whole Defigns thinking with the Peruvian Treafures,as the Sinews of War, to
~ have erected a fifth Monarchy to fucceed the fourth of the Romans.
Pixarro’s Murderer, though aiming atthe Supream Power, he had a confiderable
cs “Se Sf 3 Party
 434. AMERICA. Chap. 1V.
Party to countenance and aid him,yet he found refiftance in many places, not with.
aimsgrawt- Ot the lofs of many Men on both fides. In which Junéture the Learned Vacca de
edbyPace (a/tro Landed in Peru, with a Commiffion from the Empéror to fettle the divi-
"ded Kingdom of Peru in Peace and Quiet ; but the young Almagro mad to fee
his Ambition thus crofs’d, gave Battel to Caftro in the Plain of Chupas ; the Difpute
was long and refolute on both fides, and the Night coming on made the Fight the
more terrible, in which the Victory inclin’d to Ca/tro ; however the Almagrians ftood
to it ftoutly for a great while, and that chiefly through the valor of the Captains
Balboa and Chriftopher Lofa, who breaking in amongft the Caftreans, hack’dand hew’d
down all they came near, till at laftthey were forc’d to betake themfelves to flight,
.'
sad
*«
.and*had not many of them exchang’d their white Scarfs with the red of the flain
. —-
—*
———
Caftreans, {carce any of them had efcap’d from being kill’din the purfuit, and moft
Pita w? of them that did efcape were flain the next Morning by the Peruvians. Rodrigo Sala-
ee
a
Seed
Lone
>
Bencatcd,|8A?, Almagro’s, Deputy, deliver’d up his Lord to (4/tro,who condemn’d himto death,
:*
=ie
a
=e
or,
> whereupon he was immediately Beheaded with a Sword. This Bartel hapned on
the twenty fixth of September Anno 15,42. when it Froze fo hard the following Night,
*.
4

that moft of thofe that were left wounded upon the place, were frozen to death.
Thus Caftro'began his Government with Bléod, and made it his firft Bufinefs to
make a Difcovery by feveral of his Captains, whom he fent for that purpofe, of the
Countreys lying Eaftward from Peru, lying upon the great River Dela Plata, and
the River Marannon, where in moft places they met onely with falvage People, and
for the moft part Maneeaters , and in one place where they Landéd, a great Fifh re-
fembling a Dog came afhore and kill’d feveral Arm’d Soldiers. A year and a half
Cafiro had liv’d in Cufco, when at the arrival of the Vice-Roy Bla/cus Nunnex Vela,
all things were turn’d topfie-turvy, he being fent thitherbythe Emperor Charles the
Fifth, accompanied by four Councellors, Diego Sepada, Lifon Tejada, Juan Alvarez,
and Peter Ortiz, to curb the Spaniards Villanies and Outrages committed againft the
Peruvians entred Tumbex Anno 1544. where he immediately publifh’d the Emperot’s
Edié&s, which were to this effet : | .
tH pr.
ror’s Procla-
4! Peruvians are to be releas’d from Slavery ; no Spaniard fhall in the leaft oppref? them,
halfcrihe 20” make ufe of their Service without rewarding them for the fame, nor take any Provifions
of
tndians. them without paying for it, |
tl yeinted EHS Proclamation was like to put the’ Spaniards into an uproar: for at that
bytheSpami- time a Peruvian Lord was fore’d to allow every Foot-Soldier three Slaves, anda
|
Horfeman five, befides Hens; Rabbets, Eggs, the Wine Azun, and other Provifions,
for nothing. The general Complaints were, Is this the Reward for our Service which
we have fhewn to the Emperor ? Is not this mighty Kingdom of Peru by our Blood and Labor
joy'd to the Imperial Crown? Our Shoulders are grown fore under ou Arms, ont Bodies made
— ufelef8 with Wounds, and our Limbs lame’d with Bruifes. Who fhall maintain our Wives and
Children, if the Peruvians, who according to the Law of Arms are become our Slaves, [hould
not be forc’d to fifh for Pearls in the Sea, and dig us Silver out of the Mines, and do us other
Service for to maintain us ? But Vela being deaf to thefe Complaints, refoly’d that the
Emperor’s Commands fhould be fulfill’d , and that chofe that {pake againft them
fhould lofe their Lives > and that he might terrifie the generality with the punifh-
ment of a few, he caus’d Fryer Peter of the Order of the Virgin Mary to be Execu-
ted in Traxillo, Caftro tobe committed to Prifon at Lima, becaufe hehad put Abnagro
to death without Examination, and thut the Gates of Cufco when his Agent came
before the fame. _ But do what he could, the Spaniards generally making Head, ut-
terly refus’d to obey the Emperor’s Ediéts, arid chofe Gonfalvo Pizarro for theit
General, who rais’d five hundred Men in compleat Arms in Cufco, from whence he
: af eet | march’d
 Chap. IV. eA MERIC £4 4.35
Pear mat
march’d direétly with themto Los Reyos, under pretence to deliver 2 Petition
there to the Vice-Roy’s Council, about deferring to. put the new Edicts in force theVieeRoy
till the Emperor was better inform’d of the prefent Candition of the Peruvian State;
swenty great Field-picces being alfo order’d to follow Pizarro’s Army, .were cars
ried by the Peruvians over craggy Mountains ; to each Gun withouc*the Carriage
were order’d three hundred Men, of whom twelve at atime carried ic in their
turns a hundred Paces a piece ;though feveral eminent Perfons confidering the
weightinefs of the Affair, forfook Pizarro’s Party, and went privately tothe Vice-
Roy, as onthe other fide, many deferting the Vice-Roy joyn’d with Pizarro, who
being nota little fupply’d by Peter Puelles Governor of Gianaca, took feveral of thofe
that had deferted him Prifoners, and put them all to death, whileft the Vice-Roy
made what Preparations poffibly he could; Hanging many innocent Perfons onely |
on fufpicion of holding Coyrefpondency with Pizarro, infomuch that there was no |
end of Murdering on both fides. But Vela clafhing with his Councellors, becaufe Vebaclathing
they would not confent that he fhould ruine Los Reyos, refolv’d to do it) without Commision.
them»; and to that end to remove the Emperor's Seal, Staple of Trade, and Courts upon.
of Judicature to.Truxillo, and to fpoil the Countrey all about; whichashe was
about be,a in Execution, they privately got Captain Martin Robles, and Vela’s
Lifeguard, confifting of ahundred Men, on their fide, whileft the common Peo-
ple mutinying broke into the Palace, took Vela and carried him tothe chief Church
in Los Reyos, where the four Couincellors wereaflembled, who order’d that the Pris
foner fhould be Shiptand fent away to Spain, when Alvares Cueto lying in the Har-
bor with ten Sail, threatned to fall upon the Inhabitants if they would not releafe
the Vice-Roy : whereupon the Councellors well provided with Guns, rais'd fee |
veral Batteries againft his Ships, fo that Cueto finding himfelf too weak, fet four
of his Veffels on fire, and Sail’d with the reft to the Haven Guavara; where being
‘fet upon by Diego Garzias, he was'forc’d to deliver the remaining part of his Fleet
up to the Councellors, who fent Vela away with the fame, under the Command of
Didaco Alvaradez. But Pizarro, who till this time had pretended that he fought
nothing elfe but /ela’s Departure, march’d clofe to the Walls of Los Reyos with
_ twelve hundred Men, Hang’d three Citizens upon a Tree, requir’d the Councel-
lors to grant him Letters Patents, by which he might be acknowledg’d for the Su-
pream Governor of Pern, which if they refus’d, he threatned to put all that were
in the City to the Sword, and upon Confultation it was judg’d convenient to
grant hisDemands, the rather, becaufe they had not above fifty fighting Men in
the City. Mean while Didaco Alvaradex making an Agreement with the Vice-Roy, Bsingshipe’
they‘ return’d back with their Ships, and Landed in the Haven Mouth of the Ri- brows back
ver-Tumbex, tais’d what Forces they could poffibly thereabouts, but were fore’d to Be, dis
retire from thence to Quito, (at the fame time that the Councellor Tejada, being {ent
by Pizarro to the Emperor, cameto an Anchor there) where they were courte-
oufly Entertain’d ; as alfo in St. Michael, where they got daily more and more Afi-
ftants ; of which Pizarro being inform’d, .went thither with five hundred Men,
and forcing the Vice-Roy to flye from thence, purfu’d him above thirty Leagues, &pur to,
Hanging up all thofe whom he could take of his Party. After many Rencounters pr
and Hardfhips fuffer’d by both Parties, ‘Pizarro exceedingly wearied, recurn’d £0
Quito, where he minded nothing but all manner of Debaucheries, not in the leaft
regarding the Vice-Roy’s Defigns, which it concern’d him to have narrowly look’d
into, for he having got five hundred Men on his fide, refolv’d to venture a Battel.
It was towards Evening when the two Partieshad fight of one another: Pizarro
having not onely more Men, but alfo better Exercis’d in Arms than the Vice-Roy,
| | who
 AMERICA Chap. IV.
who being fenfible thereof, went filently about Midnight from his Station along
a narrow by-Path, fo to fall behind upon the Rere of the Enemy, who miftrufted
nothing, by reafon the Vice-Roy’s Dogs kept a continual Barking in his old Sta-
tion, andthe Peruvian Sentinels were heard calling to one another, and making
creat Fires alt che Night long ; but becaufe the Way was over-grown, and:farther
about than it was fuppos’d, the Vice-Roy finding the Night too far {pent, went
back to Quito, out of which he Sallied as foon ashe had fight of Pixarro’s Forces .
againft whom, being clad in a white Riding Coat, through the Slits of which ap-
pear’da Cloth of Tiffue Doublet, he came Riding on a Bay Gelding in the Head of
his Party, with which breaking in amongft the Enemies Ranks,he made a confider-
-———
—«—=»_

able flaughter amongft them, till Hernand Tores coming near him, gave him a Blow
the vie- Onthe Had witha Battel-Ax, that fell’d him to the Ground, which the Lawyer
carat.” Carvayales {eeing, ran immediately, out of defire to revenge his Brother’s Death,
and chopp’d off his Head. Thus Pizarro being
whom the Vice-Roy had murder’d,
abfolute Mafter of the Field, began to fhew his tyranny upon the Prifoners, fome
by
i
=—?
2*——
S=~
he took away by Poyfon, others he Executed with the Sword and Halter, others
Picarr’s he banifh’d tothe remote Countrey (bili, and {pent his time in all manner of Vice
p=
<=_—
*-—-
~s
tyramy. in Quito; where, amongft other leud Aétions,making Love to another Man’s Wife,
he hir’d one Vincent Paul to raurder her Husband, which faid Vincent was afterwards
=~—
7-=--
a -—
=—T
—-
~—~—
--

sa...
ba
om
-i-
>-2
»x+f
“4
_—
-~4-7
“4
Me
ee
a -~_ -
ee
a—— =—_——
e>.<
::-—ah
—_
al a7—
—¥-~-e ‘-
=
Hang’d at Valladolid in Spain. The Adulterefs alfo was afterwards Got with Child
atl
was
©
by her own Father, and both of them pucto death for Inceft and murdering of their
Child. Pizarro being receiv’d as King in Los Reyos, grew every day more proud
than other, infomuch that his Friends themfelves began to hate and envy him, and
wanted onely aconvenient opportunity to rid themfelves of this high-minded Ty-
rant. A ftrange Accident, among others, had done him great hurt, had it not been
timely difcover’d, viz, Foan de la Torre, a Soldier formerly belonging to the Vice-
Roy, found accidentally a Grave in the Valley*fiica (which by the Peruvians had’
been worfhipp’d above two Ages before) and in it fo much Offer’d Gold and Sil-
ver as amounted to above eighty thoufand Crowns in Gold, befides many Emes
rauldsand Turcoifes, all which Treafure he was puzled how to carry away and pole
| fefs fecurely, partly fearing the Emperor’s Difpleafure, if he fhould arrive thus
ee tich in Spain, the rather becaufe he had fided with Pizarro, and alfo knowing it
| was impoflible to convey it on Ship-board without one or others. knowledge » ‘at
laft, after many Contrivances, he judg’d it convenient to put the Money in a {mall
Veffel, and Sail with the fame to Nicaragua, there to raifeMen to oppofe Pizarro
in thofe Parts, that fo he might reegain the Emperor's Favor. This Undertaking
feem’d to bethreatned by many Dangers, he not having a fufficient Spirit to Com-
Vela Xunmee Mand, or at leaft Experience to officiate the Place of a Captain. In the mean time
Powieeae Vela Nunnex, Brother tothe flain Vice-Roy, taken in the Battel at Quito, had fo
eure cea Uh priviledge allow’d him from Pizarro, that he wenta Hunting, and other fuch
connie: Exercifes, diftant from the Camp, who meeting with La Torre, took him in his
arms, and embrac’d him with great joy, which fo wrought upon La‘Torre, that he
' difcover’d the Secret of his difcover'd Treafure, took an Oath of him that he would
be faithful co himi,and take Revenge of Pizarro for all the Injuries receiv'd from him,
but before, according to their Agreement, they could fet Sail from thence, their
Plot being difcover’d, both Nunnex and Torre were Executed, and their Riches fell
into the Hands of Pizarro. .
ae ee Whileft the Peruvian Affairs were in this confufion and diforder, Peter Gafca, im-
Afsiss 1" Hower’d by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, arriving there, endeavor'd to fertle all
"things in Peaceand Quiet, and fent by Peter Hernandes,befides the Emperor's pate’
ake another;
Chap. Ve: - AMER OIC A. Reem |
4-39
another which he writ hinifelf to Pizarro, the Contents of which were to this
purpole : Ait

He Peruvian Soyl bath drunk up the Spanith Blood long enough, andthe ruin’d Realm Gafea’s Lee:
) gapes for Reft : The Emperor proffers Pardon for all paft Crimes, Repeals the new care,
Laws which the Vice-Roy Vela, during his Government, enjoyn'd the Spaniards to obferve.
If Pizarro aims at the general Welfare, be may eafily fee that Arms muft firft be laid afide,
which he now depends on in vain, all bis Affociates being ready to forfake him, becaufeno Soldier
can take up Arms againft the Emperor, without being guilty of bigh Treafon.

Pizarro confounded with this Letter, call’d aCouncil of War, who differ'd very PeesDe-
much from one another in their Votes, fome judging that ic would be beft pri- * a
vately to deftroy Gafca, others were for an open Engagement, but moft thought of
another way, viz.to get his Perfon into their cuftody, and keep him under a {trong
Guard on the Ifland Puna, under pretence that the Peruvian Princes were fent for to
comeand acknowledge him as f{upream Governor, which becaufe the-Cities lay fo
remote one from another, could not be done in lefs than two years. Mean while
an Embaffy was to be fentto the Court at Madrid, which fhould enjoyn Gafca to
remain in Panama, and. not offer to come to Pers till {uch time as the Emperor
commanded the fame a fecond time at the return of the Agents. But Hieronimus HisPov.
Loaifa, chief Bifhop of Los Reyos, Thomas Martin, Provincial of the Dominicans, Gomes oft Gales
Solis, Pizarro’s Steward, Laurence Aldana, who were defign’d for this Embafly to the
Emperor Charles, never went their Journey, but ftaid in Panama with Gafca, who
had alfo gain’d.to his Party Peter Alphonfo Ainoiofa, who Commanded Pizarro’s
Fleet: Aldana likewife inform’d him of all Pizarro’s private Councels; where-
upon Gajca fent privately for Aid to Mexico, Guatimala, Nicaragua, and St.. Domingo,
and difpatch’d four Ships with three hundred Men, Commanded by Aldana, from
the Haven Panama, with Order to Land about Midnight againft the City Los Reyos,
and fo fall unawares on Pizarro. Aldana accordingly falling into the Bay of Malas
brige,was reliev'd and fupply’d with Provifions by Diego Mora,Governor of Truxillo :
On the other fide, the Field-Marfhal (arvayales being {ent for by Pizarro, made 2
pompous Entrance, with the firing of Guns and Bonfires, into LosReyos, where all
Perfons that feem’d to have the leaft inclination for Ga/ca, were either ftabb’d or
poyfon’d. Inthe room of Mora, Pizarro fent the Lawyer Garcias Leon to be Go-
vernor of Traxillo, buthe being taken by Aldana’s Fleet, joyn’d with Gafca ;and
thus all things began to confpire the ruine of Pizarro, yet h¢.def{pair’d nor, but being
inform’d of the approach of the Ships, caus’d the Drums to be beaten in Los Reyos,
forc’d every one that was able to bear Arms, on pain of death to fervehim, made
feyeral experienc’d Soldiers,Commanders over his Horfe and Foot, to whom he
gave as mich Money asthey requir'd,to maintain thofe whom they had rais’d, and
who were to be rais’d, by which means: he got athoufand Men in Arms ; to which ©
number, according to an Order fent to Cufco, Plata, Arequipa, Lima, Guanuco, and
other neighboring Places, new Forces were expected to joyn ; but Savedra, Gover-
nor of Guanuco, deferting the City, left Pizarro and joyn’d with Mora, who fecur’d
the Province of Caxamalca for Gafca. Thus Pizarro began to be daily more and
more forfaken, Sincethe deftruction of the Vice-Roy Vela, Captain Diego (enteni
had hid himfelf out of fear of Pizarro a whole year, in a Cave under Ground, but
now inform’d of Gafca’s Arrival, came forth, and getting forty Men and fome
Horfes together, which alfobelong’d formerly to the Vice‘Roy, refolv’d, though
meanly Arm’d, to goupon a bold Defign; viz. to take the City Cufco ; of which
Antonio
 AMERICA. Chap. IV,
‘Antonio de Robles, a Man hated and defpis’d forhis mean Extraé& and little Wir,
had the chief Command, there being therein a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers,
befides the Citizens, who were likewife in Arms : Being inform’d of Centeno’s ap-
proach, hefent out Franci{co Aguierre as a Spyeto difcover the Enemy; but he joyning
with Centeno, advis’d him to match along a By-way, and towards Night to draw up
about Cufco, which accordingly he did, and forcing open the Gates, rufh’d in with
his Horfe againft the Enemy, who were drawn up in the Market-place, and break.
Cufco taken ° ing through their Ranks trampled whole Companies under foot;after which he fell
by Centene,
in upon Robles, who having forgotten to give his Men the Word, caus'd a great di-
ftraétion ; for the Men blinded. by the darknefsof the Night, knew not Friend from
Foe, infomuch that Robles’s Party did oneanother more mifchief than Centeno did ; .
who being thus become Mafter of the City, caus’d Robles to be Beheaded the next
day, and diftributed a hundred thoufand Ducats amongft his Soldiers, and then
march’d with a hundred Men to the City Plata, to bring Mendoza, Governor of the
fame, under the Emperor’s fubjeétion ; in which his Defign helikewife prov’d fuc-
ce(sful, being fupply’d with a hundred and thirty Foot, which Lucas Martin, had
fetch’d from Arequipa for the Service of Pizarro, whom fince he had deferted and
joyn’d with Gafca’s Party. Mean while the Fleet under the Command of Aldana.
arriv’d in the: Haven before Los Reyos, to the greatterror and amazement of. the
whole City ;from whence Pizarro marching, Encamp’d himfelf with five hun-
dred and fifty Men, foto prevent their Landing, {wearing that he would fpare
none whoe’re fell into his Hands, and fent Order to Peter Martin, whom he had left
in the City, immediately to Hang up thofe which would not follow the Army, or
who return’d from thence home ; to which:purpofe Martin went from place to place
with an Executioner, and thinking him not quick enough in his Work, ftabb’d
many Citizens himfelf: And ftri& Order was given by Pizarro, that all Run-
aways fhould be punifh’d with Death ; notwithftanding all which many of his
neareft Friends daily forfook him, taking advantage of the darknefs of the Night;
nay, the Soldiers themfelves would at Noon-day ride away from him, crying
aloud, Long live the Emperor, and let the» Tyrant Pizarro die : Wherefore he judg’d ic
moft convenient to remove to the Countrey Na/ca: During his Journey’ thither,
whole Troops left him, infomuch that he fcarce kept a hundred and fifty Men,
and thofe he fear’d every Minute would fallupon himand Murderhim.
Los Reyos de+
clzres for the
With Pizarro’s departure, the whole Scene of Affairs was chang’d in Los Reyos ;
Emperor.
for there the Imperial Standard was ereéted, the City Cryer read the Letters. of
Pardon which Gafca had brought with him from Spain in the corner of every Street,
Juan Palimino Landing with fifty Men, receiy’d all thofe that had deferted Pizarro,
whileft Gafca fet Sail from Panama with five hundred Men, with whom Landing at
Truxillo, he Encamp’d himfelf in the Valley. Xauxa, whither great multitudes
flock’d from all places out of malice to Pizarro, who in a fhort time had deftroy‘d
above five hundred Gentlemen. But Pizarro having quitted Los Reyos, he poflels’d
the City Arequipa, which he found quite defolate, but meeting afterwards with the
Forces Commanded by Juan Acofta,ofwhich one half were alfo run away, joyn’d
“with them, and march’d againft Centeno, wholay along the Lake Titicaca, with
whom, he Engag’d in the Plain Guarina: Ludovico Ribera Landing, Centeno’s Party fir'd
their Guns before the Pizarrians were within fhot of him,of which Caryayales making
fpeedy ufe, drew up his Pieces clofe before the Enemy, and made an exceeding
flaughter amongft them, killing above a hundred and fifty Men in the firft Onfet ;
the Horfe amaz’d at the fudden deftruction of the Foot, fled, leaving the remain-
ing Foot-Soldiers open to the Enemy, who was gotten behind them with his Mul-
: f : ie, quetteers,
 4-39
quetteers, and with his Horfe before, whileft fix Peruvians carried away Centeno out
of the Fight, he lying fick on a Chair. Pizarro thus become Victor, kill’d all he
met with; of which Ga/cabeing inform’d, refolving upon a private and fudden
Revenge,caus’d all Neceflaries for War to be made ready, and march’d with a thou-
fand and nine hundred Men out of the Valley of Xauxa to Cufco, where by the Way
he was fupply’d with the Forces, which the experienc’d Colonel Peter Valdivia had
brought from Chili; with which coming to Andagna, he took up his Quarters there
for fometime, becaufe the mild Winter had with continual Rains made the Ways
fo dirty, that there wasno travelling, and had rotted their Tents agd-Maiz, and al-
fo occafion’d the Bloody-flux amongft the Soldiers. In March, Ga/ca broke up with
his Camp to crofs the River Apurima, which he found very troublefom, becaufe Pi:
zarro had broke down all the Bridges: But Ga/ca caus’d Wood and other. Materi-
als to be carried to feveral places,that the Enemy fhould not certainly know his In-
tentions, and at laft march’d over deep {nowy Mountains to (otabamba, where fud-
denly he madea Bridge, over which march’d four hundred Foot, but the Horfe fuf-
fer’d moft damage ; for fixty Horfes loaden with Arms going to wade over, were
carried down by the Stream againft fharp Rocks, by which they were defperately
gor’din their fides, and many of them kill’d outright. Pizarro inform’d of the
Enemies whole Proceedings by his Spyes, fent Acofta thither with two hundred
Mufquetteers, to fall upon thofe that were come over, whom he finding too many,
durft not venture to Engage with them. Mean while Ga/ca’s whole Army getting
over on the other fide of the River Apurima, march’d up a high Hill, whileft Pizar-
ro Encamp’'d himfelf five Leagues from Gufco, ina Plain call’d) Saguifagrana, the
Entrance into his Camp being fortifi’d with fix Field-Pieces , each fide by a Ris
ver andfeveral Mountains, and the Rere by adeep dry Moat: Gafca ftood upon
a Hill and view’d the Enemy’s whole Forces lying in the Valley, and being op-
prefs’'d with exceffive Heat, whileft his Men were fo exceedingly pinch’d with Cold
in the Night, that they were fcarce able to hold their Arms, according to the ftrange
propertyof the Peruvian Climate ; for the tops of Hills generally Freeze, whileft
the Valleys about a League from thence are parch’d with Heat: At Break-of-day
Gafca defcended the Hill; his Horfe being divided into two Wings, were Com-
manded, the left by Juan Savedra, and the right by Balthazar (a/tro; Mendoza led fome
Dragoons, Valdivia guarded the Guns, and Ga/ca himfelf march’d in the Front of the
Mufquetteers. On the other fide; Pizarro plac’d the Peruvians on his right Wing,
(epeda'and Aéofta Commanded the Horfe, Carvayales and La Torre the Foot, Sebaftian
Vergaratind Peter Soria guarded the Field-Pieces: But the Bactel was fcarce begun, : ae
when (epedo' and a great part of the Horfe deferting Pizarro went to joyn with
Gafca, and immediately after the right Wing of the Mufquetteers; at the fame
time Centeno and Mendoza fit'd amongft Pigarro’s main Body, of which fome ran as picarre ut:
Way to Cufco, others with their Colours to Gafca’s Army. |Pizarro feeing himfelf ii, same
thus forfaken, cry’d out, Sice all are fled to the Imperial Standard, I will alfo betake my felf Pe cad
thither, where perhaps I may find Merty: Whereupon Acofta anfwer'd, Let us rather fall °°"
im among/t- the thickeft of the Enemy, and die valiantly: Towhich Pizarro reply’d, No,
now I bave loft Honor and Goods, I-muft take care for my Soul, that.that may not be loft alfo ;
which faid, he lighted from his Horfe, Caparifon’d in Silver, and deliver’d himfelf
and his Sword into the Hands of the Serjeant Villevicenzo, who found him Habited
in curious Atmor,a Golden Helmet with a ftately Plume of Feathers, anda Corflet
incircl’d with Emeraulds about his Neck : Gajfca feeing him brought before him in
this manner, faid thus unto him, Have you not order’d your Bufine/? well, to wafte fomuch
of the Emperor’ s Treafure, and fhed fo much Blood, and alltoconfirm your elf in your unlawful 7
Go ia U/urpation
 AMERICA, Chap. IV.
Ufurpation of Peru 2 'To-which Pizarro anfwer'd, faying, I have {pent my own Eftate
in the Service of the Spanith Crown,and might lawfully take upon me the Government of Peru,
having with the lof of my Brother's Life, and the hazard of my own, difcover’d the fame.
(arvayales e{caping out of the Fight, had hid himfelf in a Thicket of Canes, but
being difcover’d by his own People, was by them brought before Gafca, who the
Cervantes next day after the Battel caus’d him to be Quarter’d alive, and Pizarro’s Head to
and Pizarro
je to be cut offin Prifon ; the other Prifoners were moft of them kill’d in cold Blood.
Gif a, Gafca thus become abfolute Mafter of Peru, found an incredible Treafure left by
Pizarro, of whigh he gave to every common Soldier above fix thoufand Ducats,
and with this his vidtorious Army march’d to Cufco, where he employ’d his Execu-
tioners afrefh, in Hanging, Drawing, andthe like; fome that were ftigmatiz’d
and condemn’d to the Galleys, accounted themfelves happy that they had efcap’d
fo. Gafca, though Victor, -perceiv’d no fmall Troubles to threaten him, having
twenty five hundred Men in Arms, of which every one for their faithful Service
judg’d that they deferv’d fome Office or other, there being then above a hundred
and fifty to difpofe of, Pizarro having Executed the chiefeft Officers, and thofe
that bore any Command under him being either fled or kill'd in the laft Fight : but
the fmall aumber of Officers that were wanting, wasnot to be compar’d to all
thofe that ‘gap’d for Commiffions. ‘The Revenues, which yearly amounted to
cleven hundred thoufand Ducats, went moft of it away amongft the Officers, the
common Soldiers getting onely a {mall Snip out of it ; wherefore many began to
murmur, and were upon the point of Mutinying, if Cianca, the Judge of criminal
Caufes, taking the chief of them, had not punifh’d them in fuch a manner, that all
the reft being terrifi'd, gave over their Complaints. After Gafca had {pent above
nine hundred thoufand Ducats inthe War againft Pizarro; all which Money he
took up upon Intereft, which, after having fetled the Kingdom in Quietnefs, he
paid for the moft part with the Goods taken fromthe Rebels. Next he made a Law
concerning the Peruvians paying of Tribute, which before the Spaniards forc’d from
them whenfoe’re and howfoe’re they pleas’d, with the greateft Tortures imagi-
nable. | trail West,
ancone, Gafca having again ereéted in Los Reyos the high Court of Judicature, in which
Roy fat the Imperial Judges, return’d home with an unvaluable Mafs of Treafure for
Charles the Fifth and left the Peruvian Government to the Judge (ianca ; fince which
time Pern hath been Govern’d by Vice-Roys, the firft whereof, who fucceeded Ci-
-anca, was Antonio Mendoza, and after him fucceflively Andreas Furtado Mendoza, Diego
Valafco, Lopex Garcias de Caftro, Francifco de Toledo, Martin Enriques, GarciasMendoxa,
Ludovico Velafco, and Juan Pacheco, under whom the Peruvian Kingdom hath enjoy'd
Peace and Quiet, to the confiderable enriching of the Spanifh Inhabitants.
Thus much of the antient Tranfaétions in Pers, it will now be requifite to give
you a brief Account of the feveral Provinces in this mighty Kingdom. |
Divifion of The Countrey is generally divided into three Juridicial Reforts, as they call them,
or Courts of Appeal, which are Quito, Lima, and Charcas ; but the particular Pro-
vinces, as they are commonly obferv’d by Geographers, are faid to be fix, viz.
1. Quito. 2. Los Quixos. 3. Lima. 4.Cufco. 5.Charcas. and 6. Colao, 3
 Spor!Hh.

Quito.
He firft Province of Peru towards the North is Quito, or the new Kingdom Situation and
| of Granada, with which on that fide it is bounded, having on the Weft, ofoute
Mare del Zur; on the South, Lima, and on the Eat, Los Quixos. It lieth
in a manner right: under the Line, and is faid to be feventy two Leagues in length,
_and in fome places about twenty five in breadth.
The Winter begins here in Oéfober,, and continues till Marcb, in which fall mighty
Showers, and on the Mountains abundance of Snow, but allthe Summer long the
Sun is feldom datkned witha Cloud. Many of the Inhabitants die of a Giddinefs
in the Head about the beginning and end of Summer. The PO X alfo deftroys
many of the Natives; with which Difeafe they are often born, and give it to the
Spaniards, who are not able to abftain from the Indian Women ; they ufe ae
rillaand the Wood Guaiacumto cure themfelves with.
- Here grow alfo many poyfonous Herbs, which the Peruvians make ule of to
poyfon one another.
In the fartheft parts of. Quito grows the falt and cooling Fruit Quaba, two Hand- Th:Fruit
fuls long, cover’d with a grey es and within full of white Pulp. and fae
Kernels.
The Tree Guaiaba hath a pale Rinne Bark, thick Boughis hard and glittering 5,7;
Leaves, Flowers confifting of five Leaves, not unlike a Peacock’s Plume, long Ap-
ples, woolly without, and within full of a pale red Pulp and eatable Stones ;the
Root, which fpreads it (elf very much, is fweet; and when boyl’d cures the Bloody.
flux. This Tree grows in moft places, efpecially in low Grounds, the more be-
caufe the Kernels which the Birds picking out let fall on the Ground, {pring up in
new Trees. ,
The Spanifh Fruits, as.
asPeaches, Cittrons, Figs, Pomegranates, Pears, Quinces,
and Oranges, grow shit here in great aden, but when ripe are fubjea tO rote
Moreover; the Fields abound with Wheat, Barley, and Matz; the Paftures af-
ford plenty of Grafs for Oxen, Horfes and Sheep, which bring forth Lambs twice
in fourteen Moneths. . -.
The Ocean and Rivers ftoreof Fifh; i Stream Barbara us'd formerly to pro»
duce Gold alfo,
In moift Grounds the Inhabitants find abundance of Salt-petre, the beft that is
for the making of Gun-powder.
For the Accommodation of Travellers, Inns call’d Tambos, are built near the The tn
High-ways, exactly five Leagues diftant one from another, where all forts of Pro-
Vifions are fold at a fet Price.
The Natives antiently went Cloth’d in a Frock without Sleeves, as wide on the iantec
top.as at the bottom, and pleited their long Hair. They are ftrong, well proporti- pk.
on’d in Body, and fubrile enough to.learn any Art, but treacherous, inconftant,and
inclin’d to Drunkennels : They were very hard alfo to be brought to receive the
Roman Religion, fo that moft of them would not fuffer themfelves to be Baptiz’d
till they layadying :They alfo drove a great Trade in Cotton, Wooll, and Cloth.
Between Paflo and Quito are feveral Villages, and the famous High- way, bythe
Ingas cut through the Wilderneffes and Mountains, the Wall ofan old Caftle, and
the wonderful Stone-Bridge Lumichaca, which Nature hath made over the ‘fit
Tit “River
 - ie) ai

River Guaca; it confifts of a hard Cliff, at he Foot theses is a great Arch,)

through which the Water runs with exceeding force.
This Traé& of Land produces Maiz, and abundance of Mortuanos, a Fruit refem-
bling Damask Prunes, which eaten in excefs caufe Drunkennefs and Faintnefs.
i
The Lake Yaguarcocha, fignifying Bloody-Water, becaufe the Inga Cnayanatava kill’d
ih and drown’d twenty thoufand there.
h4
= “a
tows and The chief Towns and Placesof Note are, 1, Caranguez, antiently a Royal City,
>” =
pd
chief note where ftood a fumptuous and ftately Palace of the Kings of Peru, now almoft de-
ferted.. The Palace, built of Stone ina little Plain, without either Mortar or Iron-
work; manifefts its former glory byits Ruines.
2. The Royal Caftle of Atabalo, or Ottavallis, in the building of which theIngas
fpar’d no Coft not Charges ; and indeed it'is a Structure no way inferior to any of
the antient Roman Edifices. Between this Caftle and Cochequi, a ftately Houfe, lies a
cold fnowy Mountain. Moreover, the Spaniards have feveral Habitations along
the Way to Quito, and efpecially in the Valley Annaquito, where the arsce Rey Vela
loft the Battel fought againft Gon/falvo Pizarro.
3. Quito, commonly call’d St. Francifco de Quito. There ftood formerly here cere
tain Palaces, buile by the Ingas,but the City was re-built by the Spaniards at the Foot
of a certain Ridge of Mountains, which it hath on the North and North-Wekt fide
of it, and are {aid by Laet, to crofsthe whole Countrey of Peru quite over from the
South to the North Sea: It was foon after the Building inhabited by five hundred
Families of Spaniards at leaft, befides Natives, and well fortifi’d, and might be |
thought a Townvery well feated in all refpects, but-for the neightsaeliood of a
Vulcan, which at times annoyeth it very much, as namely in the Year 1560. when
it vomited out fuch abundance of flaming Cinders and other fulphureous Matter,
that had it not been for a Shower of Rain unexpectedly falling, would have much
damnifi'd, if not deftroy’d the Place. The Natives about Quito are more Moraliz’d
than other Peruvians. The Valleys which are warm’d by the Sun produce all man:
ner of Fruit-Trees and large Vineyards ; andtheRoot Papas, not unlike Apples.
| The
Chap. 1V. - a MER ITA.
The Quitlawhich is.of a Mansheighsh, hath lictle Seeds,of whieh a pleafant Liguor
443
is boyl’d.. Fram Quito the ‘High-way leads to Cufcos. along which: avvévery four
Leagues diftance ftandsa brave Palace: and from Cufco-to Chili, being iff all above
a thoufand Leagues long: The City, buile ona: fandy Soyl, is dividedtii the mids
dle by a Moat} over which lead feveral Bridges :the Streets ate latge
geapeistighe,
and full of handfom Houfes, and atthe ends of the four
yaaa serail “ Market.
places. Befides theCathedral,aretwo other ChurchDedicared tot
baftian and: Blafinss ‘The Cloyftersof the. rancifcans afdDowinicans area @iacinal
Ornament to the ‘City. Befides other ftately Strang es,are the Refidences oftheRe-
ceiversiof the. ings Revenues, to wihiniehe Peruvians’ that liveiabotie the City, be-
ing computed no lefs.than fifty.*thoufand: in number; “pay Tribute, and to keep
chem iooo. a aayis chi wha ftor'd wichaltenatnetoFAmmu-
A

be:
Sen nie fora Royal Fils ‘built thereim oe of chibia It
lies Southward from Quite in the Province lor Canares, where two Rivers come
mixtheir Waters, near a Plain abounding with Venifon. There yet remain confi-
derable Ruines of this Palace, in which one may difcern the vaft Dimenfions of di-
vers Rooms, in fome of which Arms were kept, and in others Provifions and
Clothes ; of which kind of Buildings or Magazines the Ingas had erected abovea
thoufand in Peru, efpecially along the High-way, that they might have their Am-
munition ready in all places ifneed fhould require. On the left fide of Thomebamba
appear'd the famous Temple of the Sun, whofe Gates were not onely curioufly
Painted, but alfo Inlay’d with Emeraulds. Both the Palace and Temple, adorn’d
with Gold and coftly Images of great Touch-ftone and Jafper, contain’d within
their Walls an unvaluable Treafure. Thefe magnificent Structures are at this
day fall’n quite to decay. The People of this Countrey, who wear long Hair,
pleited on the top of their Heads like a Cotonet, go Cloth’d in Cotton Coats
and Buskins of Hair-cloth. The Women,indifferent fair,and great admirers of the
Spaniards, Plough, Sowe, and gather in the Harveft, whileft the Men ftay at home,
Spinning, Weaving, and doing of other Female-Offices. Anno 1544. they difcover’d
Mines here, which produc’d as much Gold as Earth.
5. Tacunga, where was formerly another ftately Palace, about fifteen Leagues
from Cufco, not far fromthe Mountain which fome years fince vomited Afhes and
Stofies into the adjacent Fields. Hereabouts was formerly a Cloyfter, inhabited
by the Nuns call’d Namaconas, the Ruines whereof are yet to be feen, with feveral
Houfes of Stone, but cover’d with Thatch. The Natives in this Place are of a
brown Gainplexion, and of a very affable Nature.
5s Mulambato ; 7. Mocha ; 8. Rhiobamba, three {mall Villages, but each of them
credited with a fately Palace. Oppofite to Rhiobamba lies the Province Chumbo,
from which a troublefom Way leads to Guaynacapa over the River Chonge. |
9. St. Jago de Puerto Viejo, giving Denomination tothe Territory about it, which
produces abundance of Potatoe Roots, Maiz, Fuca, three forts of Guayavas, Cerezillas,
and the Tree Tunas, which bears wild Figs. The Spanifh Fruits grow here likewife
in great plenty. The fore-mention’d Beafts like Hogs, whore Navels grow on
their Backs, are alfo very common here. The Woods calbdisha with ede and all
forts of Fowls, amongft which one refembling a Goofe, and call’d Xuta; and vais|
Tt 2 ther
444. AMERICA. Chap. IV.
ther nam’d Maca, fomewhat leffler than aCock and which feeding about the Houfe,
Ps socomcapone d the P trey. The eaalong the Coah
easents of thiis Countre
out , " eo ee mie Sez fons cau @ Agues. The
y trout vit sand Sores in their
—

Nofes, oa ebthem living long,“ by reafon

ee Moilture, foratheRain conti-
ropeos5 ee
nues jai Moaethe
I i:‘Mant, ae oe
oe the: Eire
Pe.
Eqcessticom their Ears to
t their
ins of, 30 bond.die red Co-

pa
MW ith g at fnitt own irom
wit ea 4%"inainthehollow Tree found-plenty of
ie oI{fore‘menti n’d River,, being «; bee i ih in bantheMorbus
éfortof Peoplefrom allplaces ;wio likewile. i the ~<
are Fhe oa | TheBrisdoe ow ch nga Ghaynacavs
3aeac alfovery remarkable, tnt Aeying, it was] eeiniflvd.
The Game cas Were Cortearore amie? ieJurifdigion of dis City.Guayaguile
12. Cajtro, fo call’d from a ftrong Fort built there by a Spanifh Captain, and fitu-
ate inthe Valley ili, not far from Guayaquil.
13. The City Loxa, built in the Countrey of the Paltas, a People that went na-
ked, between two Arms of the River Catamayo under a wholfom Climate, near the
High-way that leads to Cufco in the Valley Curibamba, where no poyfonous Beaft
was ever found. The Soil bears abundance of Oaks, Hazles, Ath, Willow, and
Cedars Trees; Maiz, Barley, and Wheat. Not far Fein the City fprings a hot and
fulphurous Chisteilal which cures all forts of Sores and Wounds. :The Countrey
hereabouts is likewife ftor’d with Fowls, Venifon, Cattel, and Fifh. Moreover,
the City receives no {mall luftre from twoDomimican, and one Francifcan Cloyfter:
Eaftward from which lie defolate Mountains, whofe tops are continually cover'd
with Snow. Not far from hence were formerly two noble Palaces, Piedras and
Tamboblanco, befides feveral Villages.
14. Cuenca, wherein are alfo large Sttuétures for the Monks and Priefts: The
Countrey about the fame hath rich Mines of Gold, Silver, Quickfilver, Copper,
Iron, and Sulphur. |
15. Zamora, Eaftward from the cold Mountains Andes, built in a Marfhy Soy],
where the Inhabitants are never vifited with Peftilential Diftempers, and ufe no
other Phyfick for fuch Sickneffes as they are troubled with, than Tobacco, and the
Herb Agquacolla. But there is a certain Nut that orows hereabouts, which occafions
fudden death, if eaten raw, but being boyl’d, is a wholfom Food. The Mines af-
ford great pieces of Gold, of which one weiging eighteen Pound, was prefented
to Philip the Second, King of Spain. The briny Springs produce good Salt. Three
Rivers -falling Footy the Mountains, are noted for their Golden Sands, and alfo
afford delicious Fifh. The Bees being here void of Stings, furnifh the Inhabitants
with plenty of Honey. The Tygers and little Lyons devour many of the Sheep
Pacos, Goats, Hogs, and other Cattel, and fometimes the Natives themfelves.. The
City it felf is neatly built with Woodden and Stone Houfes, and adorn’d with a
Church and Dominican Cloyfter,befides a ftately RAMAN the Refidence for the King’s
Receiver.
 445

a ie a ri

"Receiver. The Natives about this Place are a ftupid and barbarous People, which
before the Spaniards coming thither,would fora {mall trifle kill one another.
16. The City Yaen, fituate in the Gountrey Chuiquimayo ; it is fo call’d from a
fwift River, crofs which the Peruvian Women and Children {wim, to the great
amazement of the Spaniards. They paint their Bodies black with the Juice of the
Root Yaguas, and feed for the moft part on the ftamp’d Plant Yaca. On the other
fide of the Mountain; which rifes on the Banks of (buquimayo, lies the Countrey Pe-
rico, fruitful and well inhabited, againft which juts the Golden Countrey Cherinos.
Peru hath alfo feveral delightful Valleys, amongft which on the North the chiefeft
are the Tumbex, Solana, Poechos, and Piura, all-of them very fertile, full of ftately
Buildings, and water'd by feveral Rivers. iti
17. San Miguel, the firft City that was built by the Spaniards in Pern, fituate ina
fandy and dry Soy], being extraordinary dufty in Summer, and very flabby in the
Winter, becaufe the hard Ground cannot foak up the Rain. The Ingas made a
Way through this Valley fifteen Foot broad, between two Walls, and Planted
Trees on each fide. |
48. Weftward from Miguel appears Payta, near a convenient Haven in the South-
Sea, which uno 1547. was burnt by Thomas Candifh =, fince which it had been re-
built ewenty eight years, when Joris Spilbergen, after a hard Engagement with the jrre";.
Spanifh Admital Rodrigo Mendoza, arriving in the large Haven before Payta, fent eight ™ a
Sail with three hundred Armed Men up to the City, where finding the Enemy
Encamp’d along the Shore, he return’d without any effeét ; but tworof his Frigats,
the Folus and the Morning-Star, running clofe to Payta, fir’'d whole Broadsfides at the
fame, whileft, Captain De Wit took a Peruvian Fifher-man, who had been two
Monethout s at Sea, and'taken abundance of Fifth. The Guns which the Ships
fir’d upon the Town ftruck fuch a terror into.the Citizens, that they fled with Bag
and Baggage into the Mountains, and left the-City for a Prize to. Spilbergen, who
fetting fireon the fame, in few hours burnt dowmtwo-Churches, a Dominican Cloy-
fter, and feveral Alms-houfes : But had not the Citizens been cowardly, they might
Tt3 eafily
 446 AMERICA. ce _Chap. 1V.
eafily have kept off the Hollanders , for the Vice-Roy Ludovico Velafco-inform’d of
Spilbergen’s Arrival, had ftor’d the Place with Ammunition and Men, whofe Cou.
rage failing, prov’d fuccefsful for the Hollanders, who whileft they Rid here at an
Anchor, took a very ftrange Bird on the Ifland Lobos, lying before Payta, being two
Yards high and three thick, in its Bill, Wings, and Claws refembling an Eagle, and
having a large Creft on its Head. Not long after Donna Paula being Governefs of
Payta, a Lady famous in Peru for her Beauty and obliging Nature, fent Cabbages,
Oranges, Cittrons, and other Provifions to the Hollanders, and requefted the Re-
leafement of fome of the Spaniards taken in the Engagement againft Mendoza, but
could not obtain her Requeft from the uncourtly Dutchmen.

Sec i IL
Los Quixos.
Defeat T* Province of Los Quixos lieth South, and to the SouthsEaft of Quito, being
_ 'border’d more directly Eaftward with a part of the Province of Guiana,
call’d by fome El Dorada, or The Golden Countrey ; onthe South it hath Lima
and Cujco. ii, ee .
This Provinceisfubdivided into feveral leffer Territories, wiz, Canela, Pacomores)-
and St. Juan de Salinas. Canela is fo call’d, becaufe it hath many great Woods,
which produce the Fruit Canela in great abundance, the Owriers whereof were moft
inhumanely dealt withby the Spaniards, for Gonfalvo Pizarro {uppofing to get ftore
of Gold there, found nothing but Trees, bearing a Fruit like Olives, by the Na-
tives call’d Canela, with which they us‘d to drive a great Trade, being otherwife
poor and fimple;People; living in Huts, which Pizarro pulling down, caus’d the
Inhabitants to be torn in pieces by his Dogs, becaufe they could not furnifh him
with Gold, nor dire& him where itwastobehads 9
The Grane- Befides the (anela~Tree, this Countrey alfo produceth in gftat plenty the Tree
dilla-A pple.
which beareth the Apples Granadilla, exceeding good again burning Feavers, the
Leaves are like Ivy, the Bloffom refembling the Sun, and the long Leaves f{peckled
with Redand White, open three hours after Sun-rifing, and clofe again before the
Evening, juft as if Nature took care to preferve the beauty of the Flower.
Phot Inthis part of the Province the chief are, 1. Baeza, otherwife call’d Quixos, built
ones inthe Year 1559. by Ramires de Avila, eighteen Leagues from Cufco. |
2 Archidona, twenty Leagues to the South-Eaft of Baeza. 3. Avila. 4. Sevilla
del Oro, all of them Spanifh Colonies. R105 9) 9G |
The Territories Pacomores and Yeuanfongo, otherwife call’d The (ountrey ofFuan de
Salinas, are {aid both to extend above a hundred Leagues in length, and little lefs in
breadth. The Fields afford ftore of Pafture for Cattel , the Plough’d Lands produce
Wheat and all forts of wholfom Herbs ; and in fome: places are alfo rich Gold-
Mines. ! |
The Governor Layola built four’ Towns here, viz, 1. Valladolid ; 2. Loyola ; 3. San
Jago de tos Montanas, and 4. Cardma. | | |
The Jefuit Acia relates, :'That not far from Caraa he found great Stones, fome
of which were fullofGolden Veins, but were hard to be cut from the Rock. Moft
of the Gold is found in the Sand of feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof ow through
Quito, New Granada, Valdivia in (bili, and Caravaya in Peru. i :
On the Pointof Quito, the River San Jago falls into the Southern Ocean ; the
Ground in the Mouth of the River being very uneven, for oftentimes the Ships.are
faft
 AMERICA. | | 447
Chap, lV.
.
faftaground at the Stern, and on Head they have above eighty Fatliom Water ; yet
|
neverchelefs the Shoals are no ways dangerous.
South-Weft from St. Jago lies the {pacious Inlet Mattheo, and the Promontory
Francifce, known by its Banks atid high Grounds, which fhew red and white ata
| .
great diftance.
Not far from hence, exaétly under the Equinox, appears Cape Paffao, flat and low;
between which and Mattheo, the great Rivers Los Quiximes fall into the Sea.
Behind Pajfao rifes the high Mountain Quaque ; and more Wefterly the Bay Cara-
ques affords a fecure Harbor for all manner of Veffels.
Next you come to the Town Puerto Viejo before mention’d, lying behind the
Ifland Laurenfo.
Five Leagues offatSea, before Laurenoz, lies the Ifland Plata, formerly famous
Chil-
for a Peruvian Temple, in which the Natives Sacrifis’d Sheep, and fometimes
they
dren, and painted the Figures of divers Perfons with the Blood ; to which
Franci/co
alfo Offer’d Jewels, Gold, Silver, Wooll, Cotton Shirts, and Cloaks.
it ly-
Pizarro arriving here, got an invaluable Mafs of Treafure , but at prefent
ing defolate, affords nothing but Brambles and wild Trees.
The next which come in view arethe Havens Callo and Zalango, where there are
) :
fafe Harbors, good Wood and Water.
The Cape of St. Helena makes alfoa fecure Road on the North, and on its Shore
s
hath a Spring, on the top of whofe Waters fwims a certain Gum, by the Native
call’d Copey, exceeding good to make Ships tight.
the
-The River Tumbex falls into a large Bay, which on its North-Eaft Point near
: The Soyl where-
Main Lard, hath the Ifland Puna, ten Leaguesin circumference
of produces abundance of Maiz, Fuca, and other good Roots, befides great Woods
Complexion,
full of fruitful Trees, and Sarfapgrilla. The Inhabitants of a brown
a and Precious
and middle Stature, wear Cotton Cloaks, and Chains of Chaquir
Peo-
Stones: They drive a great Trade, and formerly maintain’d Wars with the
Water in the
ple inhabiting upon the River Tumbez; their great want’ is frefh
afhore, and
Summer. Thomas (andifh Landing here Anno 1587. found a Ship hal’d
furrounded
three Villages, in one of which ftood a Palace belonging to a Cafique,
and Hemp
with Stone Galleries ; and near it a large Store-houfe full of Tar-pots
, and a fair
to mike Cables of : The Village confifted of two hundred Houfes
d to a Spas
Church with a Steeple, in which hung feveral Bells. The Cafique Marrie
fat Sheep, Pi-
nifh Woman being fled with the Villagers, Candifh took many Oxen,
aboard,with him, and
geons and Ducks, the Bells; and what elfe was not convey’d
g havock, a
afterwards burnt the whoke Town ; but whileft he was bufie in makin
thoufand Spaniards, and a confiderable number of Peruvians fell upon the Englifh on
rs.
fuch a fadden, that they kill’d fome, and took others Prifone
of Puna formerly
Somewhat farther off at Sea appears the Ifle Clara, where thole
| , et
buried their Dead.
sare well itihabited,
The Inlet into which fallsthe River Tumbez, whofe Shore
the Ifle Lo-
ends Weftward at the Promontory Blanco ; Southward from which lies
or Bitumen, a little above
bos, where there are feveral Springs full of the fame Gum,
mention’d.
os, oppolite to a low Coaft ;
Beyond the Point 4gua lie the two Ifles Lobos Marin
Herbs; and deftituce
they are defolate, and barren of Grafs, Trees, and all kind of
ge Birds:
of frefh Water, but many Pelicans, Penguins, and other ftran
Quito, deferves a
The difcovering of thefe Coafts belonging to the Jurifdicion of
ou Cee oy eae
fhort Relation :
Whileft
sake
 4.48 AMERICA Chap. IV.
seeal-ezer . Whileft Pizarro kept the Inga’ 4teabaliba Prifoner, he fent Captain Bevalcazar to
Raminosus, the new Fort St. Miguel, where eighty Horfe and a hundred Foot being arriv’d from
mee" Panama and Nicaragua, and he being inform’d that there lay.a great Treafure in
Quito, and that the Canares, the Spaniards Friends, were exceedingly opprefs’d by Ru.
minagua, Attabaliba’s General, immediately march’d thither with the new arriv’d
Forces before mention’d,to fetch the Booty, and co aflift the Canares. but feveral
things oppos’d him in his Defign : for Ruminagua guarded the Way with twelve
hundred Indians, digg’d Pits in the fame, and filling them with fharp Poles, cover’d
them flightly over with Canes and Earth ; all. which Bepeleazar fhunning, went
about, fell in upon the Rere of the Enemy, and after a fall Refiftance conquer’d
the City Quito. Mean while Ferdinand Cortefio {ent Petro Alvarado from New Spain,
who taking Guatimala, receiv’d a Commiffion from the Spanifh Court, to fubdue the
Northern parts of Peru. Soon after which Garcias FAiolgua being fent with two
Ships to enquire concerning the State of Peru, brought News back, That Francifca
Pizarro had gotten an unvaluable Treafure at Caxamalca ; which fo ftirr’d up Alas
rado, that he Landed five hundred Men at Puerto Viejo, march’d in great want of
Provifions over the Mountains Acabucos, and had he not accidentally found a Pond
of {weet Water in a Thicket of Canes, both Men and Horfes had all perifh’d , at
laft upon his approaching Quito, the@Governor thereof, being Bevalcazar, not endu-
ting tofufferan Equal, drew up all his Men in Battel array ; but fome Perfons in:
rien he terceding betweep.them, they were foon reconcil’d, and Alvarado being bought
ment
with Out With a greatfum of Money,deferted Quito; where after Gonfalvo Pizarro,had res
-— ptain’d a confiderable time he march’d Eaftward of the Province, which produces
abundance of Cinamon ; whither he-was accompanied by two hundred Spaniards
and four thouland Peruvians ; againft whom the Natives dwelling on the Borders
of Los Quixos fought very valiantly, till Night *pprggching, when they all ran away ;
after which refting a while, thereiarofe a mighty Tempeft of Thunder and Light-
ning, accompanied with a dreadful Earthquake, which fwallow'd above five hun-
dred Houfes, whole Woods and Fields, whileft an unknown River burft out of the
Pi zarro and
Earth, and:overflow’d allthe Countrey, infomuch that Pizarro expected nothing
hissrmydri- by ga ffpeedy Ruine, in regard no Provifions were to be found in all the Countrey :
Swaighs at laft getting on the top of the neareft Mountain heloft many of his Men, who
were frozen to death with exceflive Cold. From thence marching to the County
Zumaque, he got plenty.of Provifionand Cinamon, which grows on great Trees in
the Woods ; the Leaves thereof refemble the Laurel ; the Fruit grows in little Bere
ries. ;,the Root and. Bark haye'a ftrong odoriferous fmell. Thence travelling to the
Town Coca,he found a mighty Cataract of Water,falling fgom a Rock above fifteen
hundred Ells high ; infomuch that the noife in calm Weather was heard fix Leagues
off, Pizarro leaving his fick People in Zumaque, went onely with a. few Eaftward
from Coca to the Plain Countrey Guema, full of Moorith Grounds, the Inhabitants
whereof went naked : at laft he cameto the great River Maranon, which falls from
the Mountains near Quito, and extends with feveral windings above eight hundred
Leagues in length, and at the Mouth thereofis fifteen Leagues broad, which at that
time overflowing all the-Countrey, he judg’d it convenient to build a Brigantine,
making the Shoes of the dead Horfes ferve for Iron-work,his Mens Shirts for Sails,
and.aGum, which was to be had there; for Tar, and having Lanch’d their Veffel,
_ and pu all cheir Baggage and fick People into the fame, they Sail’d clofe along the
Shore, on which Pizarro made his Way throughBramblesand Canés, or wentover
in the Brigantine whenfoe’re he efpy’d a better Pathon the other fide; -in. which
manner they were gone two hundred Leagues down theRiver, with no other Food
but
J
Chap. IV: SD Gf.
E E
ASM 4.49
but wild Fruit and Roots; when Captain Francifcus Orellana, was order’d to Sail
away before with five Men, and feek out for Provifions, and at every Stream
which fell crofseways out of the Countrey into the great River, he was toleave a Or, sis
Mann’d Boat : but Orellana in few days drove down fo far with the {wift River; Re."*
that he faw no likelihood of getting up again in a whole yeat, neither could he
find any Provifions, but fought daily with the Indians, who came ftoutly to Board
him in little Boats : amongft whom he was inform’d alfo, that thereabouts liv’d
the Amazon Women, that Warr’d continually againft their Neighbors, and at laft
hecameinto the Northern Ocean. But Orellana Sailing to Spain, obtain’d a Com-
miffion to be Governor of the Amazons Countrey, whither he fteer’d his Courfe
with five hundred Men in three Ships; but Landing at the Canaries they all ran a»
way fromhim, which fo incens’d Orellana, that he foon after dy’d with Grief.
Mean while Pizarro inform’d by a Spaniard whom Orellana had put afhore, thatthe
Brigantine was by the ftrong-Current carried into the Ocean, knew not what to
do, his People fince their departure from Quito having travell’d above four hun-
dred Leagues, had eaten moft of their Horfes:, Many dy’d by feeding on unwhol-
fom Herbs; others fell down dead for Hunger, or tir’d out with toilfom Travel ;
their Clothes, rotted by the Rain, hung upon them like Rags, their Shoes were
worn out, theit Feet full of Blifters, their Bodies fadly mangled with Brambles:and
Thorns, for no place afforded them a Boat. Pizarro leaving the River Maranon, Themifera-
went another Way, no lefs troublefom for fteep Rocks and inacceffible Mountains. tionof Pisa
The Valleys through which they went,began now to be ftrew’d with dead and fick RN
Bodies, who were not able to follow the Army, which march’d very faft, every
one judging to be fo much nearer his prefervation the farther he could get : Thole
that fainted call’d continually on their Friends for help, bute the Horfes were
grown too weakto carry them: Every one faw nothing but Death before his
Eyes ; wherefore, though call’d by theirdeareft and moft intimate Friends that lay ©
a dying, they never look’d back, their compaflion towards others being turn’d into
fear arid care of themfelves. The Forfaken implor’d their Saints, and befought Pi-
zarro for aid, but finding their Complaints tobe in vain, and raging through de-
{pair, they wifli’d all the reft the fame fuccefs, and the- like Friends, whenever they
fhould be in the like Condition. Pizarro extreamly griev’d and troubled, that he
had brought the People intothis Mifery, fent a few Horfemen before to Quito, to
carry the fad Newsof his deplorable Condition, that they might immediately fend
Provifions to him ; which he receiving when he was within fifty Leagues from the
faid City Quito, diftributed amongft thofe that were left alive, who being alfo als
moft ftarv’d, eat fo greedily, that feveral of them were chok’d ; the remainder were
kept a confiderable time in Garrifon under the Command of Pizarro in Quito.
Which City, built in a pleafant place, grew very populous in the Year 1544. there
being feveral Gold-Mines found about the fame in thattime, But this lafted not
long, for Quito fiding with the Vice-Roy Blafco Nunnex Vela againft Gonfalvo Pi- Quito very
‘zarvo, moft of the Citizens were deftroy’d by him, and their Houfes burntto Afhes. byfiling
The like Deftruétion, and upon the fame occafion, befel the three Villages in the seit Gen.
Province Bracomoros, difcover’d by Fuan Parzel and Captain Vergara, together with ee
the Countrey (hichiapoios, where Alpbonfo Alvarado built the Town Levanto, fur-
rounded with deep Caverns, through which, to the great ftrengthning of the City,
flow feveral Rivers. ;
Round about Puerto Viejo the Natives dwelt in Trees, whom the Spaniards had
much ado to bring under their fubjection; for their Countrey being barren and
mountainous, was not onely wanting in Provifions to feed an Army, but the Pern-
vians
 AMERICA Chap. IV.
vians alfo threw great Stones out of their Huts buile in Trees, and likewife Javelins
and Pots full of boyling Water, with which they did much mifchief to their Ene. |
mies that Storm’d them, who at laft covering themfelves with Boards, crt down the
Trees, with which they falling were torn in pieces by the Spanifh Dogs.

SecrT. lV.

Lima.
Situation and F Ima, call’d alfo Los Reyos, hath on the Eaft, (ollao, and fome part of Cufco
Defcription
oFthe:Pr | onthe North, Los Quixos ; and on the South, Charcas. The Countrey ex.
a tendeth it felf in length upon the Coafts of the South Sea two hundred and
fifty, fome fay,full three hundred Leagues in length, viz, from Cape del Aguia North-
ward, on the Borders of Quito as fax as Arequipa towards the South, and runs Eafte
ward to Brafile and Rio dela Palma.
Vilas’:
Valleys of . Inthis Province are feveral very pleafant Valleys, the firft whkesnt’is Motupe, to
this Provine which a fandy Way leads from St. Miguel de Valverde, between barren Wilds, from
whence feveral Streams falling are immediately drunk up by the Sand ; wherefore
all Travellers that go that way carry Water and Wine with them in Calabafhes for
_ twenty Leagues together, which they Walk or Ride by Night, becaufe of the exe
ceffive heat of the Sun. |
In the Valley Motupe grow abundance of Trees, which receive nourifhment from
a River that fprings up near the fame. Here is alfo much Cotton.
Not far from hence are the Valleys Xayanca, formerly very populous and fullof
Palaces: The River which flows through the middle is led in Trenches amongft
the neighboring Fields.
The Valley Tuqneme is alfo very pleafant, and the decay’d Palaces, snlficieacly
teftifie irs former {plendor.
The next being Cinto, is no way inferior to Tugqueme ; and between both lie fandy
Hills and barren Rocks, on which grow neither Trees nor Herbs, nor is any living
Creature to be found upon them: the Way through which being a whale days
Journey, cannot be travell’d without fure Guides.
The Valley Coilique, water’d by a River of the fame Denomination, and very
thick fet with Trees, was formerly very populous, but fince the Spanifh Wars it is
become quite defolate ;for not onely a confiderable number of them were flain by
the Spaniards, but alfo many deftroy’dthemfelves, Wives and Children; of which
Peter Martyr, Councellor to the Emperor Charles the Fifth, fecsdown feveral terrible
Examples, of which two were remarkable above the reft ; the firft was.after this
manner:
Two teagical ==The Spanifh Capcait Olandus Lying with the Daughter of an ladian Cafique, ques
ftion’d when the grew big with Child, Whether fhe was withChild by him ? and
that he might know the real truth by Torture, he caus’d her tobe ty'd naked toa
woodden Spit, and laid to roaft againft a Fire made of green Wood, fo that fhe
died in a moft miferable manner ; upon which her Father ran ina rage with
thirty of his Companions to Olandus’s Houfe, where he kill’d his. whole Family,
and locking all the Doors about the Houfe, fer fire on the fame, into which
when it wasat its greateft heighth, he and his Affociates leap’d into the middle
thereof.
The fecond Accident is alfo very terrible, viz. An Indian Maid being Got with:
Child by a Spanifh Als-ee acquainted herFather and Mother with it, withal
telling
 oo a

Chap. IV. AMER_IC A. 451

telling them that fhe was ready to fuffer Death forher Offence ; and notwithftand-
ing they freely pardoning, and perfwading herto the contrary, fhe eat raw Fuca,
which when boyl’d is a wholfom Food, but if eaten raw,certain though languifhing
Death ; which the perceiving, ranto the next River, where after haying wath’d her
felf, fhe broke offfroma large Tree a Bough of five Foot long, and making the
end thereof very fharp, fell upon the fame, and fo kill’dher felf. Several other Ra-
vith’d Maids taking example hereby, hang’d themfelves upon the Boughs of the
fame Tree. noe sae . |
But to proceed in our Defcription, next to Collique lies the Valley Zana, of the
like bignefs, and famousfor the City Miraflores. | 2
The next is Pafcayamo, which exceeds all the former in fruitfulnefs, and popu-
loufnefs of Inhabitants, who before they were deftroy’d by the Ingas were much
fear’d by their Neighbors.. This Valley alfo was adorn’d with feveral fair Tem>
ples, which are now turn’dinto Cloyfters, Cartel, Hogs, and Goats breed here
in very great numbers. The chief Trade of this Place confifts in Cotton and
Linnen. \ Cee .
The Valley Chacama, in which the Dominican Monks inhabit a brave Cloyfter,
produces abundance of Sugar. | arate 3
Four Leagues farther lies the {pacious Valley Chimo, fo call’d from an old Pern-
vian Heroe, which affords a pleafant Profpect, by reafon of the many Banquetting-
houfes built there by the Ingas. No place in Pern isableto ftand in competition
with this for plenty of Provifions, the Ocean and Rivers producing ftore of Fifh,
the Countrey affording Cattel and all manner of Fruit. The Cotton which grows
here is Shipp’d to the South Sea. “
Chanca is. Valley chiefly confiderable for the Town Arnedo, which is fituate
therein, of which more hereafter.
But the Valley Guanape, not far from Chanca, yields the beft Peruvian Liquor
Chica, and hath a convenient Harbor for Ships. :
The Plain Santa being overflow’d in the Winter, is all overgrown for want of
Inhabitants, who were all deftroy’d by the Spaniards. ‘The Woods hereabouts
{warm with a fort.of venomous Bug, which exceedingly torments the Traveller.
very fruitful, and Guarney, abounds
Next follow in order the Valleys Guambaicv, } a
ing with Horfes, Hogs, and other Cartel. Joris Spilbergen Landing here Anno 1615. spilbrgen's
found the Haven fecure againft all Winds, and between the Shore and the Village ie:
Guarmey a Creek, and fomewhat farther a frefhsWater Pool ; on one fide of which
ftood a decay’d Caftle built of {quare Stone, whereon the Hollanders fet the States
Flag, and Garrifon’d the fame to fecure thofe that fetch’d Water out of the fores
mention’d Pool. Inthe aforefaid Village ftood 2 Church with a {piry Steeple;
behind which rofe high Mountains, and at the Foot thereof a great Wood, into
which the Inhabitants fled with all their Goods, fo that Spilbergen found nothing
but a little Meal, a few Hens, Hogs, and Oranges in their Houfes, which whileft
he was fending Aboard, a {mall Body of Horfe appear’d ,but immediately fled into
the Woods. The Hollanders ftaying here {even days, wete inform’d, that the Galley
Jefu Maria, Commanded by the Admiral Rodrigo Mendoza, and the Santa Arma, by the .
Vice-Admiral Peter Alvares Piger, were Both loft, not one Man being fav'd.
Not far from thence lies the Valley Parmonga, which though it be fruitful and
pleafant, yet it is quice defolate ; the Walls of a large Caftle ftill appear, as tefti-
monies of its being formerly inhabited ;and within the faid Walls alfoare ftill to
be feen the Ruines of f{pacious Halls and fair Chambers, whofe Walls are painted
with wild Beafts and Birds: The Spaniards have digg’d all about, and undermin’d
: , the
i

the fame, in hopes to find, together with the feveral dead Bodies, a Treafure bu-
ried. Two Leagues. Southward from this Valley Parmonga flows the River, Guay»
man, by the Spaniards call’d Rio del Falcon, from a Hawk which was feen there.
When any ftore of Rain falls here, a great part of the Dale Barrana lies under
Water.
Not far from hence lie the Valleys Gaura and Lima ; which laft exceeds all others
in bignefs, and was formerly exceeding populous; but fincethe Marquels Pizarro
built the City Los Reyos here, the Citizens have taken the Lands from the Peruvians.
The Mines hereabouts produce Gold and Silver. Amongft other things the Inha-
bitants highly efteem an Herb bearing yellow Flowers, which in a fhort time cures
a putrif’d Wound, whereas if laid on found Flefh it eatsthe fame to the Bone.
Strangeman- The Natives heretofore us’d to {pend their time in Hunting, and caught their Game
after this manner, viz. three or four thoufand of them would meet together,
ner of Hunt- , ;
ing.
and by taking Hands make a Ring of three or four Miles in circumference,
and at a certain Note or Tune Sung, or loudly Exclaim’d, they drew nearer and
nearer, till at laft they were within Shot of the inclofed Game, whatfoever it
Were.
The Countrey of Collaohath a low Point, from which a long Cliff runs into the
Sea, towards the {mall Ifland call’d J/la de Collao: On each fide of the Point the
Coaft runs floaping in, the one fide extending North-Weft from Colao, to the Cliffs
Pifcadores; the other South-Eaft to the fecond Promontory ; behind which is 2
large Bay, wherethe Valley Puchacama appears, famous for its exceeding fruitful-
A valt Trea-
ne(s, and a ftately Temple built by the Ingas, where Ferdinando Pizarro found above
- fure found by nine hundred thoufand Ducats, befides what the Soldiers and. Commanders took,
Ferdinando
Fixer. and what the Priefts had hid, which none, though miferably tortur’d, would
confefs.
Oppofite to Pachacama lies the Valley Chilca, where it never Rains, nor any Brook
or Spring moiftens the dry Soil, which neverthelefs produces Maiz and Fruit-
Trees. The Natives.us'dto dig large and deep Pits, in which they Sow'd and
$ | Planted
 Chap. IV. AMERICA. 4.53
Planted,and at every Root laid the Head of a Fifh call’d a Sardin,which they catight
in Nets on theSea-fhore ; wherein neverthelefs nothing would have grown, but
for the Morning Dews which fell. The Ingas alfo had curious Banquetting-houfes
here. Inthefe Parts there grows fort of Tree call’d Mala,of which Acofta relates a
viz.That it flourifhes,and bears Fruit
ftrange Wonder of Nature, very remarkable,
on that fide which beholds the South, in that Seafon when it is Symmer on the
Mountains ; the other which views the Sea, Bloffoming and bearing Fruit when it
mer
is Sumonthe Plains. 7 biG) saadib ay BL Fp 8
The Valley Guarco, {pacious and full of Trees, produces efpecially the pleafanc
- Fruit Guayaves and: Guavas, as alfo the beft Wheatia Pern ,wherefore it is vended all
over the Countrey.. Here are alfo the Ruines of another. ftately Caftle, built by
the Ingas, the former tuftre whereof is teftif'd: by ‘its remaining Walls, which
confift of exceeding great.Stones; fo neatly joyn’d together without Mortar, that
it appears. like one entice Stone ;: and by rhe decay’d Structures of feveral Halls,
much ofthe curious Painting whercof is yet tobe feen ;-from the Caftle a large
pair of Stairs led:down tothe Sea-fhore. Two Leagues farther the River Lunagun
runs through the fertile Valley of the fame Denomination, »The fatnels. of this
Soil is chiefly afcrib’d to the Dung of a Fowl call’d Guana, which the Natives fetch
in great abundance from thelfles nearthe Main. in”.
Next follows the Valley Chinca, one of the biggeftin all Peru, and before the Spa.
niards Arrival yery populous. In the rime of the Ingas it alfo fhew’d a magnificent
Temple Dedicated tothe Sun, built by Tepaja Jupangue ; yet the Inhabitants ftill re-
main’d conftant in the worfhipping of their old Idol Cinciapema. Hither the Ingas
fent their conquer’d Princes, who on a certain time were to appearin Cufco, The
Dominicans at prefent poflefs here a neat Cloyfter, from whence leads a plain Road
tothe Dale Ica; water’d by the River Pifco, which isdry in Summer ; wherefore the
Natives brought a Ditch from the Mountains, which fince the Spaniards deftroying
t
|tT 1

the Inhabitants, is choak’d up with Sand, |

‘ |

isl

Next the Valley Na/ca comes in view, famous for the Caftle Caxamalca, where
J
" :
:

the Ingas kept all manner of Ammunition for War , befides feveral Tombs, out
4
1
:
| : :

of which the Spaniards took great Riches. This Valley is divided into feveral others,
:
;
4 :
' : :

which for the moft part produce Sugar~Canes ,and through them all runs the
)

- |
-

Royal High-way, which is Wall’din on both fides. |

hi 4b
a
ia br
i |
Beyond Nafca lie one behind another the Valleys Hacari, Oconna, Camana, and
Quilca, all of them affording good Pafture for Cattel, and Fruic, yet are moft of -
my= ——
—a

them defolate. i
_
——*=

The County Los Motilonos, thinly inhabited for want of Provifions, and divided
——
>

by two Rivers, feparates Moyobamba from the Countrey Chara/mal,

aE

Southward beyond (axamalca appear the Countreys Guamachuco, and a little fare =

ther Conchucos and Pifcobamba, all fruitful and pleafant, and adorn‘d with feveral
>a- :

tit
—

Struatures built by the Ingas.

>=-
Ee
et
—a
-
_—
=

Onthe fide of Pifcobamba the County Guaraz extends it {elf over barren Moun-
tains, through which the Ingas cut a Royal High-way, and built a Prong Caftle
—
-a

oe

at the Entrance into the Countrey ; the Inhabitants whereof being very laborious,
_ work very diligently inthe Gold-Mines.
The Territory Pincos, water'd bya River, and famous for ne of the ftatelieft
—*
——>

of the Peruvian Stru@tures, is {urrounded by the Countreys Guayaleas ,Turama,Bomba, Se

=

and (onchucos. The Mountains, though dangerous to TravellersbyLyons, great

en
—Se

Bears,and other ravenous Beafts, afford abundance of Silver, and the fruitful Soil
produces Wheat, Maiz, Grapes, Figs, Oranges, Quinces, Cittrons, Cedars; and
- likewife feeds Goats, Horfes, and other Cattel. ¥ Fe - The
 454 AMERICA. Chap. IV.
The Countrey Viticos, being within the Jurifdiction of Guannco, lies amongft the
Mountains Andes, whether Inga Mango fled, when the Spaniards made themfelves
Mafters of Peru. | ay eM ;
Townso
Chief Places
and "The Towns and Places moft obfervable and important in it belonging to the
ae Spaniards, are 1. Miraflores, as the Spaniards call ic, a well feated and wealthy Town
in the Valley of Zanu, as above mention’d, five Leagues diftant from the Sea,where
it hath likewife a good Haven or Port.
theHaven whereof is {aid ©
2. Truxillo,two ot three Leagues diftant from the Sea;
to be large, but not fafe. The Town it felf is feated in the Valley Chinco, uponthe ~
Banks of a pleafant River, whofe Water doth not onely run through feveral Chan:
nels to moiften the Fields, but alfo to accommodate every Houfe in the City : Ic
hath broad Streets, a great Market-place, four Cloyfters, two for the Dominicans,
one for the Auguftines, and the other for the Francifcans ;one great Church, five
hundred Houfes, and a Palace, inhabited by the King’s Collectors, and many Ban-
quetting-houfes about it. The good firuation and fruitfulnefs of the Soil, mov’d
the Marquels Francifco Pizarro to build this City here Anno 1533. but the Haven be-
longing to the fame lies open to all manner of Winds, fo that the Ships Ride here
in great danger. . os .
3. La Parilla, otherwife call’d Santa, fourteen Leagues beyond Truxillo South-
ward, wafh’d by the Southern Ocean, and one fide by a frefh- water Stream,which
being inclos’d between ftony Cliffs, makes a fecure Harbor. Ts |
4. Arnedo, feated ten Leagues Northward from Lima, amongft the Vineyards of
the Valley Chancas, otherwile having no great matter in it remarkable, but a fair
Dominican Cloyfter. =
5. Lima, by the Spaniards commonly call’d La Cividad de los Reyes, or The €ity of
Kings, fo nam’d becaufe Pizarr built it, laid the firft Stone on Twelfth-day,
whoo,
Anno 1553. which they call The Feaft of the Kings : It 1s feated in the Valley of Lima,
- (from whence the City is alfo fo denominated) one of the fruitfulleft Parts of all
Peru, and fo neatly built, that all the chief Streets of the City open upon a fair
Market-place, or Piazza, of fuch a large Square, that upon the fides thereof are
built, in a ftately and convenient manner, the Cathedral, the Palace of the Arch-
bifhop, the Vice-Roy’s Palace and Courts of Juftice, with the Exchequer or Pub-
lick Treafury, the Town-houles or place where the City Magiftrates meet and hold
their Courts, the Publick Armory or Magazine, and a Free-School, wherein are
taught by the Fefuits all Arts and Sciences, and alfo the Indian Language, and divers
other fair Buildings of the Nobility and better fort of Citizens. No Countrey uns
der the Heavens affords.a more*fruitful or pleafanter Place than this. the tempes
rate Climate. neither troubling the Inhabitants with exceffive Heats or great
Colds,nor terrifying them with Thunder or Lightning,but having almoft perpetual
Sun-fhine and fair Weather’; onely the three Winter Moneths, wherein there falls
a fweet-{melling Dew, which cures the Head-ache; and there die but very few
of peftilential Diftempers, The Countrey about the City is pleafant- without ex-
ception. The Pigeons which are kept here in curious, Houfes built on purpofe, flie
a thoufand ina Flight. The Fields abound alfo with Cattel. The Orchards and
Gardens flourifh with all forts of Trees and Plants, whereof thofe that are brought
hither from Spain gfow better than in their nacural Countrey.. The Weft fide of the
City is wafh’d bya pure & clear Stream,which ftores the Market with great plenty
of good Fifh, it being diftant but a Mufquet fhot, {pecially when the Water rifes.
This River is of great confequence, for it not onely waters the whole Valley of
Lima with its feveral Branches, but alfo runs under every Houfe in the City, being
builc ©
 leo=

af

: | i ,

Chap. IV. * AMERICA. ; 4.55

built on Scone Arches ; they are onely one Story high, becaufe there is no Wood to
be had in the Valley of Lima but what in three years becomes all Woorm-eaten;ne-
verthelefs the Houles are very beautiful both within and without ; the Walls being
very thick and ftrong, have curious Arbors of green Boughs on the top, in which
the Owners fhadethemfelves from the Sun. Moft of the Houfes built in the high
Streets have pleafant Turrets, which face the Market-place, where all forts of
Provifions are brought to Sale, as Oxen, Sheep, Venifon, Sugar, Oranges,Cittrons,
Grapes, and Wheat, which is ground in Water-Mills built near the River. This
City is inhabited by many able Merchants, which often load Ships to Panama, that
are valu’d at above two hundred thoufand Ducats. To the Arch-bifhop’s See,of
this Place belongsthe Bifhopricks of Chili; Charcas, Quito, Cufco, Truxillo, Guanuco, Po-
paian, San Francifco, Pariama, Nicaragua, and Rio de la Plata. The City is alfo adorn’d
with two fair Churches, befidés the Cathedral, and alfo other leffer Churches, four
ftately Cloyfters, two Nunneries, and the Je/uits Palace, which is very magnificent.
The Haven two Leagues diftant from it, and call’d Cullao de Lima, is large and {ee
cure for Ships. Aino 1579. Six Francis Drake took twelve Ships from hence, one Pris takes
whereof was laden with Linnen and Silk, befidesa great Cheft full of Silver : Fran, Drake:
Which Inconvenience to prevent for the future, the Spaniards have built two ftrong
Forts, and fortifi’d them with Brafs Guns.. Thirty years after Sir Francis Drake’s
Exploit, Joris Spilbergen comiiig to Anchor here, found the Place all inhabited, a spitesma:
Fort well ftor’d with Guns, anda ftrong Caftle before the Mouth of the Harbor, Place in vain,
from whence they fhot Bullets of thirty fix Pound weight at the Hollanders, and fo
fhatter’d their Frigat, call’d The Hunter, that fhe could {carce keep above Water :
Fourteen Spanifh Merchant-men lying near the Shore, receiv’d little damage, Spil-
bergen not being able for Shelves to get to them, neither did he judge it convenient
to Land, the Vice-Roy having at that time above fourthoufand Menin Arms, bee
fides feveral Troops of Horfe ;wherefore after having fir'd {everal Guns on the
Fort, and againftthe Church, he fer Sail to Guarmey.
6. Cannete, otherwile call’d Guarco, from the Valley wherein it is fituate : It was
built by the Spaniards out of the Treafure which they found in the Caftle afore {po-
ken of in the fame Valley. =
7. Valverde, fituate in a Valley of the fame Name, where excellent Fruit may be
had fora {mall Price; it isa well Traded and rich Town, about fixteen Leagues
diftant from-the Sea. |
8. Pachacama, fituaté ina Territory of the fame Name, four Leagues South-
ward of Lima,memorable chiefly for Pizarro’s good fortune here,who is reported to
have found in one onely old Temple of the Natives, the quantity of nine hundred
thoufand Ducats of Gold and Silver, befides what his Soldiers are fuppos’d to have
feiz’d on, and conyey’d away before he came. |
9. Caftro Verreina, threefcore Leagues diftant from Lima to the South-Eaft: Ic
lieth in the Valley of Chocolocha, and is a rich Place, by reafon of the good Mines of
Silver which are about it, and abundance of the beft fort of Tobacco.
10. Miguel de la Ribera, in the Valley of Camana. TheInhabitants whereof drive
a great Trade in Wine, Figs, and Raifins,
11. The City Arequipa, which extends up towards the Mountains, is built in the
Dale Quilea, which runs eleven Leagues from the Sea, under a healthful Climate ;
but in the Year 1582. it was wholly ruin’d by an Earthquake ; the reafon whereof
is af{crib’d to the wet fulphurous Mountains, which burns continually, and fome-
times vomits out Flames and Afhes. The Marquefs Pizarro built this City forty
fix years before the fore-mention’d Earthquake, fince which being re-built again,
Vv 2 foon.
 .

AMERICA. Chap. IV.

foon attain’d to three hundred Houfes, befides a Church and Cloyfter ; and though
it be but a {mall Town, yet it is of agreat refort, becaufe the Gold and Silver is
brought hither from the Mines (hancos, Porco, and Potofi, and from thence fent
down the River Quilca,which wafhing the City Walls runs into the South Sea to Los
Reyos, and from thence to Panama, Nombre de Dios, and New Spain. The Jurildiction
of this City Arequipa extends it felf a vaft way, viz. over the {pacious Valleys be-
tween Hacari and Tampaca, and up in the Countrey beyond the County Conde/uyo,
full of Hamlets and Villages ; the Inhabitants whereof heretofore worfhipp’d, the
Sun. By the Way from Arequipa to Collao lie two great Lakes, out of one of which
the River Aparima takes its original. 4 By |
12. (axamalca, tather a Fort than a Town; in a Territoty of the fame Denomi-
nation, built at the Foot of a Mountain wafh’d with two Rivulets, over which lead
feveral Bridges ; near which alfo were formerly a ftately Temple Confecrated to
the Sun, wonderful Palaces and Baths for the Ingas, befides. other magnificent
Structures of Noble-men, which were the more famous for Attabaliba’s Imprifon-
ment and Death. The Soil round about may compare with any pare of the World
for fertility. The Inhabitants area peaceable ingenious People, and make curious
woollen Hangings.
13. St. Juan dela Frontera, built by the Spaniards North-Eaftand by Eaft from
Caxamalca in the County Chiachinpoyas, full of Gold-Mines and Cattel ; to which be-
longs not onely Chiachinpoyas, but alfo the Countreys Guiancas and Cafcainga, out of
which above twenty thoufand Peruvians pay Tribute to the Spanifh King. Thefe
People efpecially the Women, are very comely and beautiful; for which reafon
the Ingas fetch’d theit Wivesand Concubines from thence. Eaftward from Frontera
rife the high Mountains Andes, behind which flows the great River Mayobamba by
feveral poor Villages inhabited by a fottifh kind of People. gle
14. San Jago de las Valles, built in an ill place amongft the Shrubs and over-
flowing Rivers. In this Countrey grows a Tree which bears a juicy Fruit, notun-
like an Almond in prickly Rinds, but refembling thofe which cover a Chefaut,
concerning which Phyficians have deliver’d their Opinions, That there is nota
wholfomer Fruit in the whole World.
15. Leon de Guanuco, which receiv’d that Denomination from its Builder Vacca de
Caftro, who call’d it Leon, becaufe he was born in the Spanifh City Leon, and Guanuco
from the ftately Palace of the Ingas which was built here: The Houfes are built
of Free-ftone, and cover’d with Thatch. The Citizens of Los Reyos were much
againft the building of this Town, becaufe feveral Lands belonging to. them were
taken away and given to Guanuco, where the temperate Air grants long Life and
.. Health to the Inhabitants. The High-way, in which ftand feveral Store-houfes, _
formerly full of Ammunition, runs through the middle of this Countrey, where
in the time of the Ingas dwelt Aftronomers, who by looking on the Stars pretended
to tell future Events. Here the Women alfo us’d to be burnt alive with their Hus-
bands. = |
Sect, V.

Cufco.
sonnel U/co is the far greater part of the Province of Pers, containing generally all
OF Cufco, the Sierra, or Hill-Countreys, and thofe parts of the Andes likewife which lie
Southward of the little Province or Cantred of Guanuco, being Coafted
Weftward and to the North-Weft with Lima ; Eaftward, with Los Quixos, and fome
- . . part
 lg
—le

.
.———— om aevn:
mans soos JO
wt)

y
—
. >a)

iia ita i weil : = wea - : - j i | il th Bat

fem ii NE ‘Ree a waa Se ee A ce ae List Seas

SAU HTT Ta eer. = Ff Was 5 A

Wi

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*

a
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-‘
-a
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Ry
lll
le
ay
A
aa _%_d ,_
——
————
Chap. IV. AMERICA. | 457
part of Guiana; and on the South, with (harcas ; enjoying for the moft part a tem-
perate and good Air, neither over-heated with the {corching Sun in the day, nor
damp’d with any cold Mifts or Dews in the Evening, as fome parts of the Plains
of Peru are, but well water’d with many frefh Rivers, which make the Valleys and
lower Grounds of it good Pafturage, able to maintain great Herds of Cattel. The
Woods are efpecially ftor’d with the Coca, whofe Leaf is accounted reftorative, and
with much excellent Venifon.
In this Province alfo there are fome lefler Divifions of Countreys neceflary to THfever,
be defcrib’d, viz. the cold and barren Countrey Bambon, jutting againft Guanuco, otherTet
inhabited antiently by a valiant People, efpecially near the Lake Chincacocha, which longing to
is ten Leagues in circumference; inthe middle of it are {everal Cliffs and little
ifles : And out of this Lake alfo the famous River De la Plata hath its original, and
runs through the Valley Xauxa, receiving by the way the Streams Parcos, Bilcas,
Abancay, Apurima, Yucay, and others.
The next Countreys: in order towards the South are Tarana, abounding with
Wheat, and the eminent Valley Xauxa, furrournided with {nowy Mountains. ‘The
Inhabitants. by 2 general Name call’d Guancas, were antiently divided into three
forts, viz. the Maracabilea, Laxapalanga, and Xauxa. Here were alfo feveral ftately
Houfes built by the Ingas. |
» Upon this Valley borders the Village cos neat a Moorifh place full of Canes;
but before you approach the Village you comeinear a high Plain, where the Ruines
of an antient Stru€ture appear; and fomewhat farther the Palace Pico: from
whence thé High-way directs to the Bridge Angoyaca, which leads crofs the River
Xauxa ; near which the Ingas had feveral magnificent Structures, and Baths of
warm Springs. Noe fat from hence is the Village Picoy ; between which and An-
goyaca the Arm of the River Xauxa is cut witha Bridge, becaufe in the Winter it
glides fo fwift that they cannot Ferry over it, ,
From Picoy you go to the Wild, in whofe Center ftands the antient Caftle Pucara,
(which in the Peruvian Tongue fignifies Invincible Fort) where the Ingas receiv'd their
Tribute from the neighboring People that live amongft the {nowy Mountains.
The Banks of the great River Vinaque arecrown’d with the Ruines of antient
Structures, which (as the Natives relate) were built by foreign People ; which Af-
fertion of theirs feems to be confirm’d by the form and manner of Building, differ-
ing fromthe Ingas Struétures, which us'd to be long and narrow. Moreover, feve-
ral {weet Streams, abounding with Fifh, efpecially Crabs, glide through the Plains
Countrey out of the Mountains Andes. |
Not far from hence appears the Plain Chapas, and the Palaces Pilcas,, of which
now nothing remains but a heap of Rubbifh, which lies in the Center gf Peru. A
~ frefh-water River, which gives the fore-mention’d Palaces their Denomination,
glides out of Soras, and wafhes the High-way and ftately Temple of the Sun.
The Countrey Soras, exceeding fertile, and ftock’d with Gold and Silver Mines,
is inhabited by 2 People which go Cloth’d in woollen Cloth, and for their Valor
formerly much efteem’d by the Jngas. |
Thofe that inhabit the Countrey Uramar are call’d Chancas, whofe Neighbors
poflefsa long Tract of Land abounding with Cattel and Fruit, but of late are moft
of them deftroy’d by the Spaniards.
The River Abanca, which takes its original in the Mountainous County Parina-
cocha, wafhes feveral Royal Buildings, and at laft difcharges ics Waters into the Ri-
ver Xauxa.
On each fide of the great River Apuyima are erected two wonderful Stone Pillars,
Vv3 over
 A538 AMERICA. . Chap. IV,
over which lies 2 moff artificial Bridge built by the Ingas; from whence the High.
way, being cut through hard Rocks, leads up into the Countrey; where the ftarely
Buildings‘of Limatambo fhew themfelves ; and beyond the Mountain Bilcaconga the
Valley Xaquixaguana, inclos’d between high Rocks, comes in view, where the Ingas
us’d to recreate themfelves in their Banquetting-houfes; from whence the High-
way, which is Wall’d in on both fides,runs directly through deep Moorifh Grounds
to Cufco. =f | Arvin: ¢
Eaftward from Cufco, behind the Andes, are many large Countreys, which to dif-
cover the Spaniards {par'd neither trouble, danger, nor charge : between both they
found vaft Wildernefles, inacceffible Mountains, and overgrown Countteys; yet
at laft they opened four ways thither : the firft whereof runs through the Valley
Paquil to Tono, a Village in the middle of the Mountains; from thence to the River
Opotazi, along which itis very troublefom travelling, becaufe of the thick Woods
and fteep Rocks : laftly tothe hot and fruitful Valley Abifca, andfo to vaft Wilder-
~

i —
——

—- nefles, overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes, which prevented any farther Difcos
very. The fecond Way runs thirty Leagues farther tothe Southward, through the
Countreys Sandia, Camata and Caravaya, to Zama. Through this Way, Anno 1538.
Peter Anzu Peter Anzureg travell’d ; fetting out from Zama, he found many defolate Mountains,
i=
. uy

ey
eS

ny. > barren Wilds,and clofe Woods,through which he entred'into the County Tacana,and
from thence to the River Omapalchas, inhabited on both fides by the Cheriabones and
Marquires, who oppos’d him in his croffing over the River ; but meeting with nos
thing but barren Commons,he travell’d up along the River, and view’dthe Coun-
treys Moios, Cochabamba, and Chuguiabo, from whence he return’d to (ollao, having
loft moft of his People by Hunger and Hardfhip. But not long after others went
over the Andes to the Countreys which extend themfelves Eaft and Weft, fome
whereof travell’d through Camata, and others through Cochabamba.
Paes at
Places of The principal Towns and Places of Trade in it ‘are, 1. Bombon, firuate upon the
_ fee. Lake Chinchacocha, faidvto be ten Leagues in compafs, begirt round about almoft
with Hills, and having neighborhood with many. other lefler,but pleafant Villages,
2. Parcos, once a Palace Royal of the Ingas, feated on the top of a little Hill, en- .
compafs'd with other Rocky and higher Mountains on all fides. ; ‘
3. San Juan de Vittoria, which the Marquels Pizarro built Anno 539. tofecure the
Way between Lima and Cu/co, from the Affaults of the Peruyians, before he abfo-
lucely conquer’d this Kingdom : the Walls are wath’d by a (weet Stream, to the |
great convenience of the Citizens. nites
4. Guamanga, a City lying in a pleafant Plain under a healthful Climate, buife
with Stone-honfes cover'd with Tyles; the Owners whereof have great ftore of
Land, which they Sowe with Wheat, and alfo breed plenty of Cattel. To this
City, which is adorn’d with three Churches, five Cloyfters, and a large Alims-
houfe, above thirty thoufand Peruvians bring annual Tribute. The Mines produce
Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Lead, Sulphur, and Load-ftones, near. which grows
the poyfonous Herb Mio, which kills the Cattel that chance'to eat thereof, In the
Woods alfohereabouts feeds a Beaft, whofe Pifs ftinks at a Miles diftance. This
City is by fome deliver’dto be the fame with San Juan dela Vittoria above mention’d.
5+ Bilcas, another Palace of the Ingas, now a good Town of the Natives, and fie
tuate, as is fuppos’d, in the very midft of the Countrey of Peru,
6. Guancavelica, anew ‘Town, rais‘d from the condition of avery poor Village,
to a Place of very great Importance and Traffick, onely by the Mines of Quickfils
ver, which were firft difcover’d there in the Year 1566. by Amador (abrera, through
the affiftance of a Peruvian nam’d Mavincopa: T his Cabrera felling his Intereft for a
| hundred
 Chap. 1V. aUMERICA,
hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats, Su’d the Buyer, upon pretence that he had fold
459
it above one half under the value: whileft this was depending, Peter Ferdinando de
Valafco came from Mexico to Guamanga, to.make trial ofthe cleanfing of Silver by
Quickfilver, and finding it to fucceed according to his expectation, he fent great
quantities of it to Arica, and from thence by Land to Potofi, The King of Spain is
faid to receive from this Mine of Guancavelica,all his Charges defray’d,above a thous
fand Pound per Annumfor his ufual-fifth part : But theantient Natives regarded not
thefe Mines fo much for the Quickfilver as for the Vermilion which is found mix’d
with it, wherewith they delighted very much to paint their Bodies: There is
great Art now us din the feparating of the Quickfilver from the Vermilion.
This Town was long fince inhabited by two thoufand Spaniards at leaft, and
twice as many Natives.
7+ (w/co, which is the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Peru, built on a hard
.

Ground, furrounded with Mountains, undera cold, yet wholfom ‘Climate, and
wafh’d by two Rivers, which onthe Eaft fide of Cufco parting, one runs direct
Weft, and the other Southward. One part of the City antiently bore the Denomi- The original
nation of Haran-Cufco, and the fecond, Oren-Cufco, where the chief Nobility and of the Cy
Cufto,
moft antient Familiesdwelt. Concerning the original of this Place, the Peruvians
fay, That feveral Ages paft there appear’d three Men, call’d Ayrache, Aranca, atid
Ajarmango, and with them three Women; nam’d Mamacola, Mamacona, and Mamara-
gua, all of them very richly Cloth’d ; that Ayrache had a Precious Stone at the end
ofa Truncheon, which by holding up he rais’d the Mountains tothe Skies, and.
when he let it fall, levell’d them with the loweft Valleys: Aranca and Ajarmango
concluded.to build a ftately City, and fent for People from remote Countries to
iahabit it ; with which Defignthe Natives thereabouts feem’d to be well pleas’d :
but before they went to work they judg’d it convenient to deftroy Ayrache, whofe
great Power they envy’d:: This being refolv’d upon, they invited him to a deep
narrow-mouth'd Cave, that there they might worfhip the Sun his Father (for fo
Defcended he took upon him to be), he was no fooner entred but the reft fhut the
Mouth of the Cave with great Stones, hoping fo to ftarve him todéath , which
Ayrache obfetving, ftood.amaz'd a while, till at laft he threw offall the Stones, and
flew with great and divers colour’d Wings upinto the Air, crying aloud, Fear nor,
Aranca and Ajarmango, though you have defign'nd totake away my Life, but build a City in
_
this place and call it Cuico ; for in itfhall ftand the Seat of the Ingas, under whofe Juri{dittie
on extending far and near,many great Nations {hall bow. The Temple which the Gods have there
defign'd {hall not onely exceed all otber Struétures inthe World ,in Art and Coftline/S,but be famous
for firange Offerings to the Sun. If the Citizens build Altars for me,burn Myrrh,and make Offers
ings to me, they may certainly expect to vanquifh all their Enemies, and increafe their Power.
According to my Example bore Holes through your Ears, as a fign of Obedience. All which
Aranca, Ajarmango, and the foresmention’d Women promis’d to perform. Where-
upon Ayrache gave them a rich Diadem witha Taffel, which was to be the Head-
Ornament of the fucceeding Ingas ; which they had no fooner receiv’d, but Ajyrache
and Aranca were turn’d into Stones, ye& retaining their former fhape; which Ajar-
mango obferving, fell ftraight, together with the chree Women, upom building the
City Cufco. After the Deluge breaking out of the Hole Tambo,he chang’d his Name of
Ajarmango for Mangocapa, that is, Mighty Lord, and made himfelf, as they fay, the firft
Peruvian King. The City Cu/co was divided into four Wards, the Eaft call’d Andofayo,
the South Callafayo the North, Chinchafuyo, and the Weft Condefayo, every one one fo
call’d from'the Countreys, to which the Gates of the four Wards ate oppos’d, .
Ifany one coming out of another Countrey, ferled himfelf in (u/co, as wei et
: daily,
 en

460 AMER IC 24. Chap. 1V,

daily, he was permitted to dwell no where but in that Ward which fronted his na.
tive Countrey. The four high Streets, which through thefe Wards one way fall in.
to the Marketsplace, being in the middle of the City, are the other way anfwera-
ble to the four principal High-ways, viz. that which leads to Quito and Pafto,
through Chincha[uyo;to Arebuipa, through Conde/uyo ;to the Mountains Andes, through
Andefuyo ; and to Chili, through Collafuyo. The two Rivers before mention’d, which
part at che Eaftend of the City, are pafs’d over with divers Bridges. ‘The narrow
Streets are full of Stone Houfes, built in good Order.: In feveral places are
Vaulted Cellars under Ground, in fome of which are buried great. Treafures :
. they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothfayers ; for
this fort.of People were once in great efteem amongft the Inhabitants, who co-
ming from Chili, Pato, Bocamores, Topona, Bombon, Charcas, Collao, Chiachiapoias, Con-
chucos, and other Peruvian Countreys, receive great benefit from the frefh Water,
and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City.
Pikes nt
Palaces and ‘The ftately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at feveral times built in Oren-
Strudues2»Cufco, being one part of the City, are very wonderful, the Owners whereof were
sat fore’d by the Ingas to appear at Courtat Set-times, that fo he might prevent all In-
furreétions :) Alfo he caus’d the Children of the prime Lotds to be brought up in
Cufco, under pretence that they might learn the Cu/coan Tongue perfeétly, in which
the Ingas would always be {pokento; whenas their Defign was to keep them as
Hoftages in their own Jurifdictions, that their Fathers might not rebel, by which
means it hapned, that in moft places of Peru, which amongft the feveral Tribes and
Principalities had feveral Languages, the Cufcoan Tongue was underftood and {po-
ken. But the Spaniards, who are the prefent Pofleflors thereof, have alter’d and ree
pair’d moft of the ordinary Houfes, which are now neatly built of Stone,Above all
the old Strudtures, the Palace of the Ingas, and the Temple of the Sun, are the moft
magnificent; the Palace lies inclos’d within a {quare quadruple Wall, each corner
whereof is adorn’d and ftrengthned with a Tower: The Palace it (elf is built
round, and with Arches; but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder, is to
fee how the Stones, which are fo big that forty Horfes are not able to ftir one: of
them out of its place, were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders from the
neighboring Mountains ; for the Peruvians never made ufe of any laboring Beaft,
except their Sheep Pacos, not knowing the ufe of Horfes, Camels, Oxen, Ele-
phants, or the like, before the Spaniards coming thither. The Halls within the Pa-
lace were Wainfcoted with Golden Plates : yet the Juga’s Apparel was not an{wer-
able to the reft of his Pomp ; for in ftead of a Crown they bound their Heads
about with a red woollen Safh, with which they almoft cover’d their Eyes ; at the
end of the Safh hung certain Ribbands,' which they gave the Governor as occafi-
on offer’d, that by this Sign, as by a Commiffion, they might exercife their Offices;
the fight of which String caus’d fuch Obedience, that if the Inga had commanded
the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themfelves, none durft deny.
The Inga was generally carried by a hundred of his Noble-men, of whom if any
one had accidentally chanc’d to ftumble, he was immediately put todeath. No
man durft prefume to look him in the Face,or {peak to him without a Prefent,
TheTemple “ The Temple Curicanche, Dedicated to the Sun, was certainly the moft rich and
fumptuous that ever the World boafted, it being Govern’d by the Chief Prieft
Villanoa. The Inga Guainacava {pent an invaluable Treafure in the building of this
Structure, for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of maffieGold and
Silver, At his return home from the Conqueft of the Province of Quito, from
whence the Inhabitants,according to an amcient Cuftom of the Ingas,were carried to
: one
Chap. IV. AMER, IC A. 4.61
one of the remoteft Countreys in. Peru. But Guainacaya enamor’d of a Quitoan
Maid, ftaid a confiderable time in the City Quito, and kept a fplendid Wedding at
the Marriage of his Bride, who bare unto him the famous Attabaliba, whom he lov’d
beyond all his other Children, and a little before his death made him King of
Quito. But Huafcar after Guainacava’s Deceafe would not fuffer his Brother tolive in
the late conquer’'d Kingdom of Quito, but gave him Battel in the Plain of ‘Tome. ‘Aeruel Bat=
bamba, which lafted three days and three Nights, and after much Blood-fhed, Aita- twoBrothers}
baliba being defeated was taken Prifoner, and not long after making his Ef{cape by
the help of an antient Woman (whileft Ava/car’s Commanders and Soldiers re-
joyed with Cups full of (hica for their gotten Victory) he made his Subjeéts in
Quito believe, that he being transform’d into a Serpent, crept through a little Hole
out of the Prifon; and that he had a Promife from Heaven to obtain Conqueft
over Huafcar; which being believ’d, ftirr’d up all his Subjeés to take up Arms,
and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy, whom they not onely defeated, but
took Huafcar Prifoner. ,
Hufcar being deftroy’d by Attabaliba, and Attabaliba by Pizarro, Mango Inga their
youngeft Brother took the Government upon him, made continual Sallies upon
the Spamiards from inacceffible Mountains, and at his Deceafe left the remaining
part of Peru to his Son Zaires Topa, who feeing no good to be done by force of Zaires the
Arms, fubmitted himfelf freely to the King of Spain's Jurifdiction in the Year 1557. tags bn
fince which the Spaniards have been fole Mafters. a
There are at this day four great Churchesin Cufco: Alfo the Dominicans, Frans
cifcans, Augu/tines, and the Monks De la Merced, have each of them ftately Cloyfters
here: but the Je/uits Structure exceeds all the other.
Above forty thoufand Peruvians pay annual Tribute to this City. In the Valley
about the City feed abundance of Cattel ; alfo Wheat, and all manner of Herbs
grow here in great plenty. The Gold and Silver-Mines have not that refort which
they had formerly, moft of the Workmen being remov’d to Potof..
Concerning the Service which they perform’d in the fore-mention’d Temple
of the Sun, and their fuperftitious Opinions about their Idol (on, they are much of
the fame ridiculous nature with what hath been already Difcours’d of in other pla-
ces. Five Leagues Southwardly from Cu/co lies the Valley Yacay between high fnowy
Mountains, under a temperate Climate and pleafant Soil. Not far from hence
the Ingas built a moft invincible Caftle on a Rock, which was furrounded with
many cliffy Walls one above another; thefe Walls were alfo Carv’d with Images
of Lyons, Tygers} and other wild Beafts, which held Lances in their Paws; the
top of the Rock was crown’d with a Royal Stru@ture built of Stone, through
which ran Golden Veins, joyn’d together with a certain Gum, by fome call’d
Jews-Lime. To the Province of (ondefuyo belong the valiant People Chumbibalcas
and Ubinas. Inthe County Pomatambo they make Carpets of fine Wooll, curioufly
Painted. )
8. The City Francifco de Vittoria, which lies in the rough Valley Vilcabamba, and
isinclos’d by the Mountains Andes, belonging to the Jurifdiction of the Province
Andefuyo.
9. The Village Juan del Oro, which isthe chief Place of the Countrey Caravaya,
and fo call’d by the Spaniards from the fine Gold which is found there in great abune
dance.
Along the Sea-Coaft of Peru belonging to the Jurifdiction of Los Reyos, He nehe Harte ttes,
following Havens, Ifles and Points. : sa be
South-Eaft from the Promontory Aguya, rifes the Ile St: Roque outof the Souths
: 7 Sea,
 os a ae 7

AMERICA Chap. IV.

Sea, furrounded with Rocks, and abounds with Birds of prey ; through the midft
of it runs a River which divides the Ifland.
The Haven Malabrigo, ill defended againft the Winds, cannot be entred by great
Veflels, unlefs in calm Weather. iL. |
Next follow the Harbors Guanape and Santa, where the Ships us’d td futnifl
themfelves with Water out of a frefh River ; (a/uya and Guarmay, both inhabited
by Peruvians. |
Near the Mouth of the Road Guara flandsa large Salt-pan, the Salt about which
is foundin great hard Pieces. The Ifland Collao fecures the Haven before Lima.
Behind Cape Guarco lies the Lobos . and not far from hence the Harbor
Sangallan,
being fo commodious that the Spaniards confider’da long time whether they fhould
build the City Los Reyos here. |
The Promontory Najfca affords alfo good fhelter for Ships; and
the Haven
Flacari yields ftore of Refrefhments. Moreover, the Streams Oconna, Camana, and
Quilca difcharge their Waters intothe Sea. 7
The Haven Arequipa appears at its Mouth like a little Pool, furrounded with
Mountains. | ;
Between Quilca and the River Tamboyalla lies the Ifle Nuli ;and a little
more
Southward the Haven Paracca and Pifca ; and up in the Countrey the Villag
e Ya,
where the moft and beft Peruvian Wine isto be had. | bind :

SE CT. VI. ea

Los Charcas.
pact le i Os Charcas is the fartheft Countrey Southward of the Kingdom of Peru,reachs
ee ee ing up as far as Chile, with which on the South it is border’d, having on
| the North, Lima and Colao; onthe Weft, Mare del Zur ; and on the
Eaft,
fome Countreys not yet well difcover’d, which lie betwixt it and the Provin
ce of
Paraguay, or De la Plata. The Countrey is faid to be in length about a hundre
d
and fifty Leagues, meafuring it dire@ly, or ina right Line from North to South
;
but meafuring it about along the SeaeCoaft, much about two hundred : Itis
not
very tich either in Corn or Cattel, although in fome parts it wanteth not good Pa-
fturage ; but of unparalell’d Wealth, in re{pectofthe Mines of Gold and
Silver
which are here digo’d, the principal whereof are thofe of Potofi and Parco,
The Mountains hereabouts are inhabited by the Cavinas, who dwell in Stone
Houfes.. Their Neighbors the (anches are a fubtile, good natur’d, and painful Peos
ple, breed many Sheep, fowe Corn, and catch plenty of Fith out of the Rivers.
Next comes in view the cold Countrey Conas. On the right fide towards the Sou-
thern Ocean, the great Wildernefs Parinacocha extends it felf a vaft way ; the Moun-
tains round about are continually cover’d with Snow, and the Dales have many
deep Moors. | ; | r
Principal Chief Towns and Places of note in this part of Pers are, 1. Plata,
otherwile ,
Places of call’d Chuquifaca, from the Countrey whofe Metropolis
it is, fituate under a tem-
| perate Climate, in a fruitful Soil for the produétion of all manner of Plants, and
ef{pecially Wheat, Barley, and Grapes. In this City the High Court of Judicature
of Los Charcas is kept, being a principal part of Peru, and inhabited by the richeft
Spaniards in the whole Kingdom, having gotten an incredible deal of Treafare out
of the neighboring SilvereMines, which from the time of the Ingas, or Kings of —
Peru, to its Difcovery by the Spaniards, held out and continu’d fo rich, that “tis
oa ) thought
 d
y DRX

Ti

1
\i
{\UUuuiivUh MT L! ULL

+,
AE iA is «
P|
a!
 Chap. 1Ve ef MER ICA 4.53
thought Pizarro; if Reafon could have rul’d him, might here onely have rais’d hima
felf a Rent of two hundred thoufand Ducats per Annum ; but his defire and hopes,
- firfhto find more at Potofi, and afterwards his ambition and greedinefs to have and
command all,carried him to violent Courfes, which prov’d his Ruine, as hath been
faid. The Town is conveniently feated in a fruitful Soil, honor’d with the Refi-
dence of the Governorof the Province, and with a Bifhops See, {aid to be the
richeft of Peru, viz, of fourfcore thoufand Ducats per Annum. The Cathedral and
divers Cloyfters give alfo a - great luftre to the City. The antient Inhabitants of
this Countrey, efpecially about thofe parts where now this City ftands, were the
Charcas and Charanques, both valiant People, who by Command of the Ingas fetch’d
invaluable Treafures out of the neighboring Mines of Porco, where a thoufand
Men were continually kept at work. In La Plata were reckon’d long fince, befides
Spaniards, above fixty thoufand Peruvians which pay annual Tribute.
2. Oropefa,a place of good Metal, as 2 man may perceive by the Name = It lieth
in the rich and pleafant Valley Cochobamba, twenty Leagues diftant from La Plata.
3-- Potofi, eighteen Leagues Weftward from La Plata, by the Spaniards call’d The
Imperial City, built at the Foot,of a.Mountain bearing the fame Denomination, ona
barren Soil under a cold Climate, though but twenty one Degrees to the Souths
ward of the Aguinoétial Line: the Cold proceeds from ithe high Lands, whiclt lie
bare to the bleak and fharp Winds call’d Tomobayi, which blow every year véry
fiercely from May till September. But though the barren Counttey produces no
Fruit, yet no place in Peru hath greater plenty of all Provifions and Dainties than
this, the Markets being always full of Fruit, Salt-Meat, Maiz, Papas, Wheat, Sugar,
Sweet-meats, and all things that are requifice for the fubfiftence of Man-kind,
which are brought thither from all parts for the Silver, which is there in {uch
plenty. As to what concerns the famous Mountain Potofi in the Countrey of
Charcas, it is of an Afh colour, and rifes above the adjacent Mountains in the form
of aSugar-Loaf ; on the top of it ftandsa Chappel, to which leads a craggy Path,
which with a little care may be rid up with a Horfe ; the heighth thereof isa thou-
fand fix hundred and twenty four Rods, or a quarter of a League: at the Foot
thereof appears the Mine call’d Guaina Potofi, that is, The young Potofi; near which
the City Potofiftands, being two Leagues in circumference, and is adorn’d with a
Church and Cloyfter for the Dominicans, and exceedingly reforted to by Traders.
In the time when the Ingas Govern’d Peru, the Silver-Mines at Porco were very
famous ; but it was not till after the arrival of the Spaniards that Silver was found
in Guaina Potofi, and by degrees the Silver Veins which lay hid in the great Poto/i ;
the manner of which Difcovery was as followeth :
A Peruvian call’d Gualpa, who work’d in the Mines at Porco, going a Hunting; it the cccafon
chanc’d that the Game ran up the fteep Miountain of Potofi, which prevented his Diftorery of
purfuing of it any farther; butthe Mountain, being overgrown with Trees, he pa"
got hold from one Bough to another to help himfelf up; and at daft taking hold of
the Bramble call’d Quinua, he pull’d the fame out of the Ground, and finding it
heavy, look’d upon it, and efpy’d a great lump of Silver hanging at the Root
of it ; whereupon viewing the Hole, he difcover’da rich. Silver Vein; of which
taking fome pieces home, and melting them, he found that it was the belt Sil-
ver that ever he had known ; wherefore he privately gota greater quantity, and by
degrees grew extraordinary rich : but though he carried his Defign never fo clofe,
yet he was at laft fufpected, and efpecially by his Neighbor Guanca,-born in the
Valley Xauxa, who was the more jealous of him, becaufe he fold greater Bars of
Silver than any were caft at Porco; whetzupon he refolv’d to {peak to him, and
> getting
a.
wok:
 464 ; AMERICA. Chap. lV.
getting out the Secret, it came to this Agreement between them, That they fhould
both be Partnersand fhare the Booty ;Gualpa was to keep the Vein, fince call’d
The Rich Vein, and Guanca was to have another, at prefent nam’d Diego Centeno: but
they agreed not long ; for Guanca finding much labor upon his Vein, by reafon of
the hardnefs, and that he could get no fhare in what Gwalpa got, acquainted his
Spanifh Matter Vilarsel with it, who refted not till he had found out the truth there-
of ;-for which Vilaroel obtain’d (according tothe Cuftom of Porco) feveral Rods to
work for himfelf, onely paying the King one fifth part of what he gor, and fore.
main’d Owner of the Mine Centeno. ie
The Mine
Potofs, when This Difeovery of the rich Mine Potofi is faid to have hapned on the twenty
difcover'd,
fourth of April, Anno 1545. Soon after which they found the Silver Vein Del Eftanno,
which though it was very rich, was difficult to be digg’d, becaufe of its hardnefs,
The firft Vein which Gualpa fearch’d after ftood upright from the bottom of the
Mine, and contain’d above three hundred Foot in length, and thirteen in breadth,
and continuing good for two hundred Foot in depth, after which the Silver begins
to leffen. , |
The Peruvians relate, That the Ingas firft began to dig in Potoft, but gave it over
becaufe the Workmen heard a terrible Voice, faying, Leave off doing what you are
about ; the Treafures which lie hid here, are referv'd for a People out offoreign Countreys.
Thefe Mines produce yearly for the King’s fifth part,-forty thoufand Pieces of
Silver, each-yalu’d at thirteen Ryals, each Ryal being four Shillings, befides what
he is defrauded of, which is perhaps halfasmuch more.
The Mines of Potofi exceed all other, becaufe the Diggers never meet with any
Water, notwithftanding they work above two hundred Fathom under Ground,
whereas the other Silver Mines fuffer'great damage by the Water ; which was alfo
the reafon why the Spaniards left off digging of Silver in Porco, becaufe they were
not onely fore’d to cut through hard Rocks, but ran greater danger, or at leaft be-
ftow’d extraordinary labor to get out the Water which broke in upon them.
Four Silver
Veins, with
The four Silver Veins of Potofi, viz. The Rich, Centeno, Del Eftanno, and Mendieta,
their feveral lieon the Eaft-fide of the Mountain, and extend: North and South. The great -
Divifions,
Veins produce lefler, not unlike the Body of aTree, from which fhoot forth feve-
ral degreesof Boughs. Each Vein is divided into feveral parts, poflefs’d by feveral
Owners ; the leaft part is open’d four Rods, and the biggeft eighty ;for none are
permitted by the Law to opena bigger Hole. In the time of the Jefuit Fofeph de
Acufia, an Eye-witnefs, who Anno 1587. went from Peru to Spain, the Rich Vein was
reckon’d to contain eighty feven Mines, of which fome were digo’d two hundred
Fathom deep. The Spaniards judge that at the Root of the Rich Veinis an incredible
Treafure, though Experience hath hitherto taught us, that the Silver leffens in price
and quantity the deeper they dig in the Ground. | |
The Socabo.
nos Or Tren-
For the more eafie working in the Mines, the Spaniards have dige’d Trenches
ches, wich the
manner of
(which they call Socabonos) at the Foot of the Mountain towards the Weft, crofs
Mining. through the Mountain to the Mine, each of them being eight Foot broad and a
Fathom deep, and lock’d up with Gates, through which the Silver is carried out,
whereof the Owner of the Socabon receives a fifth part. The Socabon which leads to
the Rich Vein, was begun Anno 1556. and finifh’d in twenty nine years, extends it
felf two hundred and fifty Rods in length. The Miners work by Candle-light
both Day and Night by turns , thofe that work in the Day, fleep in the Night, and
thofe that work inthe Night, fleep in the Day. The Oar, which is as hard as a
Stone, is cut out with Pick-axes, beaten in pieces withan Iron Crow, and carried
upon their Backs on Ladders made of Leather: Each Ladder hath three Faftnings —
at about
GhapelV. - AMERICZ. 463
about the thickrie(s of 4 Cable, ftretch’d out by Sticks, fo'that one goes up of one
fide, whileft another comes down on the other. Ech Ladder being ten Fathom
jong, is pitch’d upon its feveral Floor on which the Laborers reft Betere they go
up higher, for they make divers Floors according to the depth of the Mine. The
Laborers carry the Oar in Bags faftned before on their Breafts, and falling back
over their Shoulders three and three together, the foremoft wheteue ties a lighted
Candle to his Thumb, and thus they help themfélves with both Hands. It isa
wonderfulthing to confider, how the Peruvians are able to {cramble up and down
continually a\hundred and fifeyFathom : But befidesmany other Inconveniences,
the Mines often fall in, or at leaft great pieces, which bury all the Diggers. The
Mines alfo,being ye dsthive cold,occafion to thofe that are not us’d to them, a Vertigo
in the Head, and Vomiting. The Silver runs for the moft part betwee two
Rocks, as it were, ina long Channel, of which one fide is as hard as Flint, and
the other much fofter.. This Silver i of different value ; the beft, call’d rrecitld or
Tacana, refembles Amber in colour ; the worfer fort is hfe chithh: and fomerimes of
an Afli-colour. The pieces of Oar are carry d on the Backs ue the Sheep Pacos to
the Mill, where being ground to Powder, they are put into Furnaces to melt; of
which there were once above fix thoufand on the top of Potofi ;but fince the Quick-
filver was found to cleanfe the fame, not a third part remains pure.
In former times the Mines at Pérco, two Leagues from the little Lake Aalagar
produc’d thofe vaft Treafures gather’d by the Ingas, which afterwards for the moft
part fell into the Spaniards Hands.
As concerning the Sea-Coaft of Los Charcas, it lies'as followeth : Southerly Ro Towm
Rivers, and
from the River Tambopalla puts forth a three-pointed Rock into the Ocean, and tesof
‘makes the Haven De Yo, into which falls a frefh River. ‘Next follow the round
Hill Morro de los Diabolos, and the Inlet before the Town Arica, fecur’d from all ex:
cept a Wefterly Wind, where the Silver that comes from Potofi is Shipp’d for Lima.
Since the Englifh Rdruiral Sir Francis Drake took three Barks out of this Inlet it is
fortifi’d with a Caftle, which is ftor’d with Brafs Guns. ' |

Nine Leagues Southward the Piffaqua falls into the Ocean ; and next you come y
i
|

to the little Village Hicabic,fituate on a high and barren Trad of Land; as alfo ;

‘the Haven Terrapaca, which by an Inland is made very fecure.

;
ul

oF '

Not far from hence appears the Foot of Piqua, where the Coat begins to rife
:
, ' 4

; 7

very high ; the Head of Tacama, the Stream Lottoya, otherwife call’d De Loa, whofe vei :

Banks are inhabited by poor People; the River Montélo, the Promontory Morro
: a ¥}
i
‘al

Moreno, b&fond whofe utmoft Point opens a Bay, fecur’d from all Winds by an 4

ifland. The Inhabitants here feed on raw Fifh. Ry'

4
'

Next the River Clara comes in view, which is taken for a Bopndary between
7
-

'
: f

Peru and @pili. :

Eaftward up into the Countrey you come to Santa (vuix, built at the Foot of a \

Mountain in a Plain near a Brook, which rufhing forth froma Rock glides through i
4;
the City to a Lake full of delicious Fifh. |The Houfes of Stone, are cover’d with
a
I

Palm-Tree Leaves ;and befides the Church there is alfo a Cloyfter, inhabited by.
the Monks De la Merced. In former times the Peruvian Houfes were built of Clay, .
and were often deftroy’d by their Neighbors the (heriguanacsand Titanes, who made
Feafts with as many asthey took of them, The People about this Place are meek
and poot fpirited, and {peak befides four Languages, the Diagnitan Tongue, com-
mon amongft all of them. Before the Arrival of the Spaniards they went Cloth’d ~

in Oftritches Feathers, but fince taught to weave Cotton, they now. make ‘their
A
SO
ee
Se

Apparel of she fame, ahduponthe account of Barter, drive a great Trade in it:
Xx They
 466 AMERICA Chap. IV,
They Dye their Cotton with the boyl’d Roots and Leaves of a little Tree.
Eaftward beyond Santa Cruiz lies the Countrey Paicanos, eminent for the great
(alabafhes which grow there, exceeding good to keep both wet and dry Meats in.
‘The Countrey receives a viciffitude of exceflive Cold and intolerable Heat ; the
hard Winters taking beginning in May, and continuing till the beginning of Augu/t.
In the middle of our Summer a South-wind blows feyen Weeks together here, to
the great prejudice of all Plants, which are during that time often wafh’d away by
continual Rains. About Chriftmas they Sowe, and gather in their Harveftin March,
During the rainy Seafon the Ways cannot be travell’d, being all overflow’d by the
Rivers ; neither doth the Palm-Wood, which is four days Journey in length, permit
any accefs to the faid City Santa Cruiz, becaufe the conflux of Waters makes it a
Moorall over; befides which, the Tygers Bears, and Serpents, make the Ways
dangerous, efpecially at thas time. ;
Through this Countrey the Spanifh Captain Nufco de Chavas trayell’d, when he
difcover'd the Taguamacis, a numerous People, which dwell along the great River
De la Plata. |
The Countrey about Santa Cruiz produces all manner of Fruit, but few Trees,
becaufe of the want of Rain ; but Corn, Maiz, Wine, Granadillas, Luiumas, and Tus
cumay, asalfothe Plant Hlachalindi, in the Latine Tongue call’d Mirabile Peruanum,
grow here in great abundance ;which laft fhoots up to the bignefs of a pretty
large Body, full of Juice, and of a yellowifh colour, out of which fhoot knotty
Boughs, and about each Knot two Leaves refembling the Herb Nighifbade ; the
Flowers which hang at the ends of the Boughs. are long, and pleafant to the Eye,
by reafon of their mixture of Purple, White, and Yellow, and alfo of a {weet {mell.
It is a ftrange Secret in Nature, that this Flower opens at Midnight, if any Lighe
come nearthe fame: The Rootalfo is accounted an eflectual Medicine againft the
Dropfie. ; ‘sap!
SecT. VII,

Collao.
Situation and
oak on
~ NOllao lieth Southward of thofe Countries, which go under the general Name
of Collzo. G. of the Province of (ufco, having onthe Weft, Lima ; on the South, Charcas.
—" but Eaftward, and.to the North-Eaft, it is fhut up by a Ridge of Mouns
tains, running in one Body or continu’d ‘Trac from the Confines off@ollao, as far
as the City of Cufco, where they divide. The Countrey is generally plain, commo-
dioufly water’d in all Parts with frefh Rivers, and confequently affording rich Pa-
fturage and good Herds of Cattel. |
Chief Towns
and Places of
The chief Towns and Places of note are, 1. Chuquinga, a pica’ Town: and held
note,
to be naturally almoft impregnable, as being enyiron’d round about either with
deep unfordable Waters, or with Mountains unpaflable, and having one onely
Cawley leading toit, reported to be for two or three Leagues together no broader
than to permit one fingle Perfon to march conveniently upon it. |
2. The City Pucara;which was formerly well inhabited, butat prefent nothing
remains of it, except theruin’d Walls of great Houfes, and large Images of Stone.
3- Ayavire, by the Spaniards call’d Las Sepulturas, being a Place efpecially enobled
by the ftately Monuments of the Peruvian Nobility which were found there.
4. Hatuncolla, the Metropolis or chief Town of this Province, feated upon the
Banks of the River Caravaya, whofe Streams are very much fam’d for Geld. |
The
~ we a
 ~_———
.
I a
tem

ee
er, wo
- — + en - > ~

Teaa geese
eaenten
>a ee ye
— Re
 Chap: LV. f AMER IC az. 4.67
The River Caravaya, which glides from the Andes Eaftward to the City Juan del
Oxo, produces much fine Gold, but not without the lofs of many People, which are
kill’d by the unwholfom Air ae Damps that arife here.
The Lake Titicaca, which wafhes the Countrey (clo on the North, the Province thelate 2:
ofOmafuy on the Eaft, (haquito on the Weft, and Chuquicabo on the South; is one ar
the greateft Lakes of America, being eighty Leagues iin circumference, and in {eves
ral places as many Fathom deep ;wherefore it is exceeding rough in windy Wea:
ther. Into ‘this Lake ten great Rivers difcharge their Waters, which run away
again through a narrow, but very deep Channel, in which the Stream runs fo
ftrong; that no Boats are able to abide init.
5. Chinguita, a Colony of Spaniards upon the Banks of Titicaca, having many
fmall Iflands in it of a good and fruitful “Soil, abounding in Fifh and variety of
Sea-Fowl; it is fuppos’d to be fourfcore hescies diftant likewife from the South
' Sea, having onely one Eftuary or Mouth, whieh is3 fomething ftraic, but of fuch a
deep Water and violent Stream, that (as Aco/ta teftifieth of it) it is not poffible to
build-a Bridge of Stone or Timber over it; but the Natives in ftead thereof have
laid a Bridge of Straw upon it, which ferves as well, viz, fo many great Bundles of
Straw, Sedge, or fuch like matter, well and furely dips up and faftned together,
as will reach from one fide or Bank of the Effuary toanother; at which likewife ha-
ving made them fure, they caft fome good quantity of mofe-Straw.and Sedge up-
on them, and have a Bridge very convenient, upon which they both fecurely pafs
themfelves, and alfo drive Cattel, and do other neceflary Bufinefs, The Water is
neither bitter nor brackifh, yet is not drinkable becaufe of its muddinefs. Several
Iflands that lie in the Lake ferv’d formerly for Storeshoufes of the chiefeft Goods,
which the People thereabouts living near the Higheway would not truft in their
Villages.
Here grows a:certain Broom-Plant call’d Totara, good for many ufes, and is alfoThPim
wholfom Food both for Man and Beaft , moreover, they cover their Houfes mick”
the fame, burn it on their Hearths, and 0 Boats. ‘The Uros, a falvage People,
made Floats of Totara, which they ty’d together, and built Villages on the fame,
which drove to and-again, according as the Wind blew.
The Lake alfo breeds abundance of Fifh, and efpecially two forts, viz. Suches,
which are very pleafing to the Palate, but unwholfom; aad the Bogas, which
though lefs, and full of Bones, are a maitdh better Bod, There likewife breed
plenty of Bowls about the Gite, efpecially wild Geefe and Ducks,
When the Peruvians intend to Entertain any Perfon,they go tocatching of Fowls
(by them call’d Chaco) after this manner : They make a, Circle with the Floats
nam’d Balfas, and Rowing clofe to one another, take up the inclos’d Fowl with
their Hands,
Moreover, the oreniennete d Channel, through which the Lake Titicaca dit.
charges its Water, ends ina little Lake call’ d Aulagas, likewife full of defolate Ifles,
but hath no vifible place into which to empty ics Water, therefore ic muft needs,
accordingto the courfe of Nature, fall under Ground, ‘hate:it commixes with a
Stream whofe original is unknown, though it be feen to fall intothe South Sea.
The Town is a Place of extshoudanay Wealth and Trading, and fo confiders
able, that the Governor thereof is always nam’d by the King of Spain himfelf, and
his Place eftimated at fifty thoufand Ducats per Annum,
6. Tiaguanaco, at the Efuary, or Mouth of the Lake, memorable onely forthe
Ruines of certain great and ftupendious Buildings which antiently have ftoad
there, fome of the Stones whereof are faidto have been of thirty Foot length
AX 2 apiece,
 AMERICA, . (RGR oresieae
apiece, fifteen Foot broad, and (ix or feven Foot thick. There were likewife found
che Statuesof certain Men excellently Carv’d and Wrought, of a Gigantick flature
a
; or bignefs, and likewife vefted in foreign and ftrange Habits, notat all us’d, nor
ever known to have been us’d by the Peruvians themfelves, or by any other of the
| |
Natives of America.
7. Nueftra Sennora dela Pax, ot Our Lady of Peace, otherwile call'd Pueblo Nuevo :
eal
Sa
i
>>
<a
1a
_ It is but a {mall Town, yet pleafantly feated upon the Banks of a River in a fair and
fruitful Plain, full of Springs, Fruit-Trees, Savanas, and Fields of Maiz, having
Mountains on either fide : It lieth almoft in the middle of the Province Chaquinabo,
fourteen Leagues diftant from (ufco, and as many from Potofi. The Province Chy-
guinabo it felf (which in the Peruvian Tongue fignifies Inberitance of Gold) hath many
rich Gold-Mines, good Salt-pits, and a temperate Climate, except from the begin-
ning of December till March, in which time the continual Rains caufe Feavers and
The Inhabitants being very poor People, us’d togo naked in the Sum. ©
— 7<—-.
a=
Agues.
ie
_—

mer Seafon.
=e
—

2a -§-‘.—a >i i
8. Copavana, two and twenty Leagues beyond Lopoz: It is onely inhabited by
Peruvians ; amongft whom an Image of the Virgin Mary, long fince erected there,
hath been ever in great veneration, efpecially by reafon of a Tradition of a great
—
-
ee
ee
ee Miracle there perform’d : for the Spaniards afirm, That Johannes Anachoreta going
-—-
So
3
—
7poe
=
a Journey of feveral Weeks from home, plac’d a lighted Candle before the Image,
which during the time of his abfence did not at alldiminifh.
Puatatte An Accident which fell out in this Countrey is very remarkable, viz. The
at Angee Ground of an old Village call’d Angoanga, then inhabitedby eminent Necroman-
cers, began on a fudden to {well, and the Earth to run like a broken Wave two
Leagues, overwhelming the Houfes gh and filling up a neighboring Lake.
Ladbor Eight years before this terrible Earthquake here, there hapned in the County of
in Exglaud, Flereford in England almoft the fame kind of prodigious Motion : for not far from
the Town Ledborough, arofe Marcely Hill to an exceeding heighth, and moving along
bury’d all whate’re it met with, after which manner it continu’d for the {pace of
three days, to the great terror of all that beheld it. |
9. (hilane ; 10. Acos; 11. Pomata, and fome others, all of them good Towns,
but not fo confiderable as thole other. | |
Hgkwant ‘Concerning the Roads or High-ways,itmay well be faid, That none of the feven
nave by te Wonders of the World can compare with any one of them neither was the Way that
Appius Claudius made from Rome to Brundufium, upon the repairing of which the Em-
perors Julins-and Augu/tus {pent great fums of Money, fit to ftand in competition
with the Roads made by the Ingas in Pern: for who cannot but admire at the confie .
deration of fo many Valleys fill’d with Mountains, the hardeft Rocks cut afunder,
Moors damm’d up, great Stone Bridges laid over fwift gliding Streams, and
through vaft Wildernefles a Way made of twenty Foot broad, inclos’d in high
Walls, extending from Quito to Chilo, a thoufand Leagues, and at the end of every
ten Leagues brave Houfes or Magazines, ftor’d- with Bowes, Arrows, Halberds,
Axes, Clubs, Clothes, and Provifion for twenty or thirty thoufand Men. Some
relate, that Guainacava, when he return’d Victor from the conquer’d Countrey
Quito, fuffer’d great Inconveniences on the pathlefs Mountains, and thereupon
commanded his Subjeéts to make the fore-mention’d Way. But it is more probable,
that this Mafter-piece was not the work of one Inga, efpecially fince befides the
Way from (bili to Quito there leads another through the Mountains over the Plains
from (u/coto Quito, forty Foot broad, and five hundred Leagues long, inclos’d
within two Walls. or
‘The
 Chap. IV; AMERICA = 4.69
The Peravians relate from the teftimony of the Quipos, mutch more concerning The mmannet
Rete: High- Ways, and other Buildings on them, made by Guainacava. Thefe Quipos ti
« Re
giz -
are Rowls of divers colour’d Strings, full of all manner of Knots, which ferve in
ftead of Charaéters to keep their Chronicles; in which were employ’d the Quipos
Camayos, who being in the nature of our Scesétanien Regiftred all Tranfactions,
performing the fame with the feveral Strings and Buttons, with which chey
gave Obligations, Difcharges, and the like : but befides the Quipos they alfo us’d
Rings full of little Stones for the fame purpofe, and knew with Maiz-Seed how to
caftup an Account as well as the beft Arithmetician with Figures,
. Their Account of Time hung on the twelve Pillars Succanga, erected on a Moun-
mod beyond Cu/co by the Inga Pachacuma, that is, The Regulator of the Year, to thew
the Courfe of the Sua, and according to that their appointed Feaft-days, times of
Sowing and Harveft : Their Year begins in December.
: The Spanifh Government in the Kingdom of Peru is fetled at prefent in great Stateof
7The prefint
Pers
tranquility and {plendor, The Vice-Roy, who keeps a {plendid Court in Lima Mee te
otherwife call’d Los Reyos, Commands over Chili and Terra Firma, and never comes verment
abroad without a Guard of forty Halberdeers: when he travels by Land he is ac-
companied by the Arch-bifhop, and guarded by his forty Halberdeers, a hundred
Pikesmen, and fifty Mufquetteers. His Reign is generally not above fi
ix or cighe
years, duting which time he receives forty thoufand Ducats per Annum out of the
King’s Exchequer.
The City Los Reyos hath been of late years very much enlare’d and brought to a 7het ea
moft flourifhing Condition, being exceeding populous , and extending four Conon of
Miles in length, and half as much in breadth: In the biggeft Market-place is the *9*
City Hall and the Exchange, where all things are brought to be fold. Of the other
three Markets, two have their Denominations from St. Ane and St. Facob; the
fourth is call’d El Santo de los Cavallos, becaufe nothing but Mules, Affes, and Horfes
are fold there. The chief Church is Confecrated to St. John the Evangelift; the
other Three to Marcellus, Sebaftian, and Anna, The Francifcans inhabit three Cloy-
fkers ; the Dominicans, Augu/tines, and Monks De la Merced, each of them two, befides
two coftly Structures for the Je/uits.. Other Orders have alfo five Cloyfters here,
viz; the Creation, Conception, the Holy Trinity, St. Jofeph, and St. Clara, the three firft
haye each of them a Church built hard by the feveral Cloyfters, Dedicated to the
Santas Virgines del Montferratto, Del Prado, and De Loretto. Each Cloyfter contains
above two hundred and fifty either Monks or Nuns. Hereare alfo four large Hol-
| pitals, the chiefeft whereof call’d Andrias, hath feldom lefsthan four hundred Sick,
| which arekept andcur’d on Charity. The fecond is for Peruvians onely, call’d The
‘| Hfofpital of St. Anna, The third, built in honor of the Apoftle St. Peter, is for poor
old Clergy-men. ‘The fourth, nam’d The Hou/e cf Love, is for fick Women. Befides
thefe there ftands another Struéture near the Walls of the City, Confecratedto La-
rarus, where thofe that have the Leprofie are cur’d. The Houle call’d The Holy+
Ghoft, receives all fick and wounded Sea-men. The King maintains twenty four
Students at his own Charge in the Royal Colledge, and the Arch-bifhop as many
in the Colledge call’d St. Toronius ; but in the Colledge of Se. Martin refide above |
fix hundred, which are brought up in all manner of Arts and Sciences. Two hun-
dred Students are alfo taught in the high School, where they chufe a new Gover
Nor every year. Here alfo is kept the-King’s Treafure, and the Court of Inquifi-
tion. The River which wafhes the City Walls runs fo exceeding {wift, that not
long fince it carried away a new Stone Bridge with nine great Arches.
The Dominican Monks were the firft that Landed on Peru, the firft which came
- : Xx 3 thither
 : f AMERICA. Chap. 1V,
thither with Francifco Pizarro being Vincent de Valle Verde, who was follow’d by
Sancio Martino, Martino de Efquivele, ‘Dominico de Santto' Thoma, Pedro Ulloa, Alphonfo de
Montenegro, Reynaldo Pedraza, and many others, who were ftirr’d up by the report
of the Peruvian Riches ;amongft whom were four Francifcans, viz. Pedro Portuguese,
Jodoco de los Angelos, Dela Cruiz, and De Sant Anna, who were foon after follow’d
by twelve Monks of the Auguftine Order. Anno 1552. Landed alfo at Los Reyos,
Colonel Andreas Salazar, accompanied with Antonio Lozano, Juan de Sanéto Petro, Hie
ronymo Melendez, Didaco Palamino, Pedro de Efpeda, Andreas Ortega, Juan Canto, Juan
Mireckste-Chamorro, Francifco de Treyas, Fuan Ramirez, and Balthazar Melgarego. Salazar foon
hatebeen _after his Arrival fent the Prieft Juan Ramirez, and Balthazar MelzanegotoGuamachuco,
i where he Baptiz’d and Inftruéted the Inhabitants in great numbers. Afterwards
travelling to Moyabamba, he got a great efteem amongft thofe Idolaters, and (as it
goes for currant amongft them) wrought many Miracles, amongft which this is
reposted for one : He being inform’d by an old Peruvian, that his Daughter nam’d
Curi had hid feveral Idols ; enquiring after it; he tax’d her with what her Father
had told him; which fhe denying, and being rebuk’d by Ramirez, is faid to haye
become immediately dumb, to have foam’d at the Mouth, at laft falling down
dead like a fecond Saphira in the prefence of many, which caus’d many to forfake
their Idolatry. But the Necromancers endeavor’d by all means poffible to raife a
difefteem on Ramirez, and with the affiftance of their Mafter the Devil, fo wrought
their Inchantments, thatthe Tygers came in great Herds out of the Wilderneffes
to Moyabamba, and devour’d not onely Men, Women and Children in the Highs
ways, but alfotore them out of their Houfes, yet did not the leaft hurt to any Spas
niard ; whereupon Ramirez valiantly went with a Company of his Profelytes to a
Herd of Tygers, which when he approached held the Crofs to them, which ic
feems fo affrighted the Devil-Tygers, that they climb’d up the Trees. They
farther relate (if you will believe them) tomake the Miracle the greater, That
Ramirez call’d to the Multitude, faying, Go and revenge the Deaths of your devour'd Pa-
vents, Children and Relations ; whereupon he throwing a Stone, and all the reft fol-
lowing his Example, the Tygers leap’d out of the Trees, ftood ftill, and fuffer'd
themfelves to be kill’d like Lambs. Six years after the foreemention’d twelve Aus
guftine Monks follow’d eleven others, who fet Sail out of the Spanifh Haven St. Lacar,
and arriving at Peru wenttothe Village Tauca, where they broke the Image of the
Goddefs Huarella, being as it were the Peruvian Venus, or Patronefsofamorous De-
lights, reported to have given Refponfes from the Wood in which fhe was wots
fhipp’d. They alfo deftroy’d the Idol Chanca in the Countrey Conchucos, which be-
ing worfhipp’d by the Indians in the fhape of a Man, had yearly a fair Maid, aged
fourteen years, given to himin Marriage, a folemn Wedding being kept, and feves
ral Sheep kill’d. ; ,
TheMiracle The Augu/tine Monks are believ’d to have wrought alfo another Miracle in the
finework. Province Conchucos, upon this occafion : A Conjurer call’d Chaumango, boafted hime
felf to be God, deny’d our Saviour, in teftimony whereof hegave out that he would
kick a Mountain ‘to pieces, with his Foot ; which Report {preading all over the
Countrey,all the adjacent People flock’d to fee this ftrange Wonder onan appointed
Day, on which Charimango being, it feems, as good as his word, arid kicking the
Mountain, caus’d it to rent from the top to the bottom, and the pieces to flie all
abon the People, who were exceedingly amaz’d; but the Sorcerer upon the Augns
ftine Monk’s rebukinghim was (asthey affirm) immediately eaten up with Worms.
Many other Stories of Miracles go currant amongft them, as of Marco Garcia and
Didaco Ortex, driving the Devil from a white Stone which hung overa Fountain
; in
MERIDIES
maucz
Pro
OIaLNALAaS
 ”
. a

' { of 4
; ‘
a
P| 7 ; eeee =
a
 Ghageve 3, AMERICA. 4g
jn (biquipalpa, and feveral others, butitwould be very impertinent to dwell too
jong upon Difcourfes of this nature, efpecially fince we arenot oblig’d to make
them a part of our Creed.
To conclude our Defcription of this famous Kingdom of Peru, the People there-
of at the Spaniards firft Arrival viewing their Shipping, their Guns, and othet
Accoutrements, unknown to them before,had them in great admiration ,asMen de-
fcended from Heaven ; but when they began to be opprefs’d by their Tyranny, and
to be-tortur’d by them, they look’d upon them as the Spawn of Hell, and curs'd the
Sea that had brought fo wicked a People to them.

LEU E BE Bw GEO Se OLE RET OR REEL RE RENE TS RS

CHAP. V.
Chile.
ce Suton 24
| inti the Coaft of Mare del Zur, or the South Sea, the next great Provin Defcription
is the * ch
pertaining formerly to the Kingdom of Pern, is that of Chile. This
moft Southerly Province.of the whole Countrey of America, reaching up as
| far as the Magellane Straights, with which to the Southward it is bounded; North
ward it hath a Defart, and an undifcover’d Countrey lying betwixt it and the Con-
fines of Peru, call’d Atacama ; on the Weft it hath Mare del Zur ; and on the Eaft,
up to Rio de la Plata, the Atlantick, or North Sea, with fome Countreys undifcover'd,
which interpofe betwixt.ic and Paraguay to the North-Eaft : Ir lieth all of it be-
yond the Tropick of Capricorn, in a temperate Zone, and extendeth it felf in length
~ from the Borders of Peru, to the Mouth of the Straights five hundred Leagues ot
more ; but the breadth of it neither equal nor certain : They fay ‘tis call’d Chile
from the word Chil, which fignifies Cold ic {eems in their Language as well as ours,
it being generally a cold and bleak Countrey, the Air in many parts of it fo ex-
treamly fharp and piercing, that both Horfe and Rider fometimes in travelling are
frozen to death, as the Spaniards found by experience in their firft Search and Difco-
left
very of the Countrey, under the Condué of Diego Almagro, who is faid to have
the greateft part of his Men dead behind him: But this is chiefly towards the Andes,
and on the Sea-Coaft,the more Inland parts of it,though mountainous alfo in fome
much
parts, yet. are more temperate, and being alfo well water’d with Rivers, are
more fruitfull than the other, affording both Wheat and Maiz, and likewife other
Honey,
Grain, excellent Pafturage in many places, and great ftore of Cartel, Wine,
and not without many and rich Mines both of Gold and Silver,
e of
The Natives of this Countrey were found to be the moft ftout and warlik
all the Americans that the Spaniards had hitherto met withal, fighting with them,
and oftentimes defeating them in the open Field, furprizing and facking their
ner:
Towns, and'laft of all taking their Captain and Commander in Chief Prifo
death of Attas
This was Pedro Baldivia, one of thofe good Men that confented to the
pers
baliba, the laft King of Pern, after a greater Ranfom accepted ‘and paid, then
—$$
ae
aa
———_—_—
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ule it for
haps the King of Spain could well raife on afudden, if he had occafion co
Pere Baldi-
himfelf. The Arucans (for fo are the People call’d that had him Prifoner) are {aid via taken
Prifoneran
for his lat put d
to have Entertain’d him for a while with great Jollity and Feafting, but to dearh
to take 0yth ar
Draught gavehima Cup of melted Gold, which the poor Man was forc’d
down, and fo died acruel, though coftly Death.
The ©
 472 AMERICA. Chap. V.
The whole Province generally is divided firft into Chile, {pecially fo call’d, and
fecondly Magellanica, orthat part which lieth more Southward down to the Straights
of Magellan. |
Secr. If.

Chile, properly fo call-d. -- )

The Bounds File, {pecially fo call’d, is border’d Northward with the Defart and barren
of Chile {pe-
cally (° Countrey of Acatama above mentioan’d; on the South, with , .
Magellanica .
on the Weft, with Mare del Zar , Eaftward, andto the North-Eaft, with
fome parts of Paraguay, or rather with fome undifcover’d Countreys lying beewixt
them both: The length of it from North to South is reckon’d to be little lefs than
three hundred Leagues, and generally of a fruitful Soil, affording befides abun-
dance of Gold and Silver, both Corn, Cattel, Vineyards, and divers forts of Fruits,
equal both for kind and plenty to Spain it felf, and fundry other parts of Europe.
The Air likewife temperate, and the Peoplein their Manners and Conditions come
much nearer to the Civility, and likewife fubtiley of the Europeans, than other
_ Americans did ; which doubtlefs may be attributed to the conformity of the Climates
under which they lie, agreeable to chofe of Europe’, though otherwife in ref{peé of
the Sphere and Seafons of the Year, there be a diametrical difference betwixt us ;
As for Example, their Spring beginning in September, which is our Autumn, and their
Autumn in March, which is our Spring ; their longeft Day being that of St. Lucy, on
the eleventh of December, which is our fhotteft . and their fhorteft being St. Barna-
bas, viz. the eleventh of June, which is out longeft, ec.
paws and The Towns of chiefeft note and importance in this Province, are .1. Gopiap
o, an
Importance. old Town in the moft Northerly parts of this Province towards the Sea, where it
hath a very commodious Haven belonging to it. | ) 7
2. La Serena, a Town fituate on the Banks of Coquimbo, a pleafant River a little
above its Influx into the Sea, built by Baldivia in the Year 1544. the Countrey
about very rich in Mines of Gold, and the Town it felf fo well Garrifon’d for fear
of the Natives, that when the Englifh under Sir Francis Drake, about fourfcore years
fince, attempted the gaining of the Place, they found hot Service of it, being
ftoutly refifted and beaten back again to their Ships, by a Sally of no lefs than
three hundred good Horfe and two hundred Foot. 3
3- St. Jago, the principal Town of the Province, a Bifhop’s See, and the ordi-
nary Refidence of the Governor, lying on the Banks of the River Tapocalma, in the
- thirty fourth Degree of Southern Latitude, fifteen Leagues diftant from the South
Sea, at which it hath a very commodious and much frequented Haven, which they,
call Valparayfo, and where the Englifh met with better fortune, as hath been faid al-
ready in the report of Sir Francis Drake’s Voyage.
4. La Conception, a ftrong Town, feated on the Bay call’d Penco, fixty or feventy
Leagues diftant from St. Jago towards the South, a Place not a little fortifi'd both
by Nature and Art, having the Bay and a certain Ridge of high Mountains begirt-
>> ee
ae

2 ~——
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ing it almoft round about ; and where it is otherwife acceflible, a Caftle, and cer-
tain Bulwarks with Ordnance, befides a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers at leaft
—o--
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continually in it,and all lictle enough to defend it againft the Araucanes, their deadly
_ Enemies, who live thereabouts, and are ever and anon making Incurfions almoft
up tothe Wallsof it. Over againft this Place in Mare del Zur, but very near the
Shore, there lieth a certain Ifland call’d St. Maries, exceeding plentiful in ori
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Chap. V. © e*@MERICA. 473

and.all forts of Poultrey, which the Garrifon of La Conception make good ufe of,
5- Los Confines, a Fronteer Town, built by the aforelaid Baldivia, for defence of
the rich Mines of Gold at Angol, a Place near adjoyning. ‘

6. La Imperiale, another ftrong Garrifon of this Place on the Banks of the River
(auten, near to which that great Battel was fought, where Baldivia, with divers
other Soldiers, were taken Prifoners, who were no otherwife overcome, but by be-
ing overewearied with killing of their Enemies, ‘and by that means not able to
make their Retreat.
7. Villarica, another Colony of the Spaniards in thefe Parts, fixteen Leagues di-
ftant from Imperiale, and twenty five from the Sea. a
8. Baldivia, {fo nam’d from the Commander Pedro Baldivia, who built it in the
Valley of Gaadallanquen, two or three Leagues diftant from the Sea, where it hath a
sood and capacious Port; but nearer to it the beft Mines of Peru, fo rich, that’tis
faid they yielded Baldivia every day fo long ashe could enjoy them, twenty five
thoufand Crowns. _ |
g- Oforno, a Town lying in the Bay of Chilue in a barren Soil,but otherwife nei-
ther lefs rich, nor lefs populous than Baldivia it felf.
Thefe three laft mention’d Towns, viz, Baldivia, Imperiale, and Oforno, were in
the Years 1596, 1699, and 1604, furpriz’d by the Araucanes, and other Salvages
confederate with them, fack’d and burnt, and though the Spaniards be {aidto have
recover’d and Garrifon'd fome of them withefrefh Soldiers, yet how long they were
able to hold them,or whether they be Mafters of them at this day, we cannot fay.
10. Ca/tro, the moft Southerly Town of the whole Province, built ona certain
Ifland within the Bay of Chilue. ;
11. Mendoza ; and 12. St. Juande la Frontera, both which lie towards Paraguay
and Rio dela Plata, but onthe other fide of the Andes, forty T.eagnes diftant from
any of thofe we have {poken of, and perhaps more, not above a hundred from
Buenos Ayres, and the Atlantick Ocean. | :

Sect. Ill.

_ Magellanica.
AY) ees the other part of this Province, is bounded Northward, with Situation and
Defcription
Chile abovefaid, and fome parts of the Countrey De la Plata ; on the South, of Afagella~
niChe

with the narrow Sea call’d Magellans Straights ; having Mare del Zur on the
Weft, and on the Eaft the Atlantick Ocean. It contains in length from the Borders
of Chile to the Mouth of the Straights, a hundred Leagues, and in breadth from the
North to the South Sea, fomewhat more, viz. towards Chile and the North-Weft
parts of it, for towards the South and South-Weft it ftraitens ftill more and more,
infomuch that they who refemble the Southern part of America to the form of a Py-
tamid revers’d, make this part of the Countrey to be the Spire or top thereof. - It
beareth the Name from Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguefe, who firft difcover’d that
narrow Sea, fo famoufly known by the Name of Magellans Straights. Icis a large
Countrey, and {uppos’d not to be altogether barren of Metals; but as yet no
great Difcovery hath been made of it, partly by reafon of the exceffive Cold to
which ’tisthought to be fubject, and partly perhaps by reafon of the difficulty of
the Enterprize, it being fo far remote, and very hardly paffable in many places, by
teafon of the huge Mountains the Andes, which bar it as it were againft all Adven-
turers; but chiefly by reafon of the ftoutnefs and untameablenefs of the ene
: an
 —

174 AME RECESS 7 ieee

and other Natives of Chile, through whofe Countrey the March lieth
, and who
muft firft be conquer’d, fo that very little can be faid more Of this
Countrey, than
weetes,Q¢ly to name the Ports and Places upon the Sea-Coafts,
at which the Spaniards,
and Suagies and likewile fome other Nations at feveral times
have touched, the chief whereof
upon the South Sea are, 1. Cabo de las Ilas, a Promontory or Forel
and, twenty fix
Leagues diftant from that of St. Felixon the Confines of Chile. | | 3
2. Puerto de San Stephano, fifty Leagues from that, towards the South.
3. La Villa de Nueftra Sennora, or Our Ladies Dale, a large
and fecure Bay, eighteen
Leagues Southward of St. Stephens. i
4. La Punta Deglada ; 5. Puerto de los Reyos ; and 6. Ancona Sin Salida, all of them
opening towatds the Straights. Thereis alfo at the opening
of the Straights, Cabo
de la Vittoria, Cabo Deffeado, and fome others: ; win |
Upon the North Sea, and up towards Rio de la Plata, the chief Place
s obfervable,
are 16 Riodela Crux, and the Cape which they call De las Ramer
as, about thirty
Leagues diftant from the Straights Mouth.
| |
2» The Bay of St. Julian, forty Leagues Northward of the
former.
3 BPPuerto Deffeado ; 4. Puerto de los Leones ;5. The Bay of
Anegada, all of them
good and capacious Havens for the fecurity of Shipping
upon thefe Coafts, and
lying at a diftance of thirty ox forty Leagues one ftom another,
up towards Rio de
la Plata, and the Countrey of Paraguay, of which we are next to fpeak.
Defsipt ion AAS for |
the Strai ghts themf elves ,fo mtuch fpoke n
of the Magel-
‘an Straights. Known’ by thofe who Frequent thefe parts | of,and likewife fo neceflary to be
of the World, they are a narrow Sea or
Frith, by which the Atlantick Ocean, or rather fome parts of it,
doth fall into Mare
del Zur, or the South Sea : the Paflage is long, running, as
‘tis commonly fuppos’d,
well nigh a hundred Leagues together, almoft in a paralel
Line, or in the fame
Degree of Latitude from one end to the ather ; and likewife
extreamly difficult by
xeafon
of the many windings and turnings of the Sea, which force them
and anon altering of their Courfe, and a mountainous
to be ever
high Coun fides trey‘on both
of it, from whence it is almoft continually beaten with
Storms, both dangerous
and terrible: They were firft difcover’d by Ferdinand Magellan,
by Nation a Portu-
guefe,
but in the Service of the King of Spain, and by him nam’
d Magellan’s Straights;
who although himfelf liv’d not to return into Spain, being
flain in the Conqueft of
the Molucca Mlands, yet his Companions did, in the
Ship call’d Vittoria, from whence
the Cape De la Vittoria abovefaid took its Name.
The Mouth or Entr
ance of
them, by the Atlantich Ocean, lies in fifty two Degrees
of Southern Latitude,
and hath not above fifty three and fome Minutes at the Exit,
or opening into the
South Sea. ; | te: he
vin . There is likewife fince this, and but of late times, viz, about
7 the Year 1615. ano-
ther Straight difcover’d by the Dutch, and call’d from the Difcoverer
Fretdm Mairi,
ot The Straights of le Maire, four or five Degrees more to the
Southward than thofe
of Magellan, and {uppos’d to be a much eafier and {afer
Paflage.
The Intention by the difcovery of thefe Straights, was
to have found a fhorter
Way to the Faft-Indies, and the Kingdoms of Cathay and
China, than that which was
then onely us'd, viz, by the Cape de Buena Speranza, and the Coaftof
Africk, but by
reafon of the great difficulty, as *tis to be fuppos'd, and uncertainty
of the Paflage,
neither the one mor the other is’ much frequented,
the Spaniardfor
s the moft
part ferving themfelves of their American Ports upon the
South Sea, from whence
they make their Voyages and Returns to and from the
other Indies and from thence
home to Spain; and the Englifh, with other Nations
of Europe, Trading ftill by the
Coaft of Africkand Cape of Good Fiope, or elfe by
the way of Alexandria and the Perfian
Gulf, as heretofore, Pate ay. Sa s CHAP,
==

=
=
‘FE aN:

{ F \
* \
iilila A

PARAQVARI
:.
eee,
a : —-_ eS
Chap. VI: AMERICA. 475
Dee SASSSe SeBie St 9sSsSS Seiyos KrSebaoHPrytyt4>SibSe iriei>reSe SRAM RS
ets

CHAP. VI.

Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata.

VV" have feen in Magellanica the fartheft, that is, the moft Southerly part ~
| | of the New World, and before it in order all che Weftern Coafts of
America that lie either upon or towards Mare del Zur, viz, from Pa-
nama, the firft Province of this Southern part dowh as fat.as the Straights. We are
now to return and take a view of the Eaftern Coafts, and thofe Countreys which
lieupon the Atlantick Ocean, ftecring our Courfe henceforth Northward, not di-
rectly, but. as the Coaft leads us for a while Eaftward and by North, forafmuch as
the Land of America, from the Straights of Magellan up as far as Brafile, and almof
to the A’quator, runneth out with a long Point, little lefs than three thoufand
Leagues together.
The firft Province we-meet with on this fide next to Magellanica, is the Countrey Situation and
of Paraguay, oftentimes call’d Rio dela Plata, from the Name of an huge River, ofParaguay;
which runneth for the moft part through the midft of it: It is bordet’d, as we Pie
faid, to the South and towards the Straights with Magellanica ; on the Eaft, with the
Atlantick Ocean ; more Northward, orto the North-Eaft, it hath Brajile ; and on
the Weft thofe undifcover'd Countreysof the Province of Chile, of which we have
{poken: | |
The Countrey on both fides the River is reported to be a very lufty and
fruitful Soil, bearing befides thofe which are proper and native, all forts of European
Fruits and Grain in great abundance, with Sugar-Canes, both large and good, as
any other Province of the New World. Nor is it excell’d by any other for good
Pafturage and great Herds of Cattel, Sheep, and Swine ; in particular, Horfes are
faid to have multiply’d fohere, that of thirty Mares, and about fix or feven Stal-
lions, which the Spaniards left there, in forty years the whole Countrey thereabouts
was fill’d with the Breed of them, running wild in great Companies together,
through all the Woods and Forrefts of the Countrey, and being of excellent Met
tle and Serviceifthey could betam’d. {t affordeth likewife great ftore of wild Deer
and Stags, fome Lyons, Tygers, wc. nor is it without good Mines, fome both of
Gold and Silver ; but chiefly, as to what is yet difcover’d, of Brafs, and Iron; and
the People altogether falvage.
The River De la Plata, which (as we {aid before) divides this Countrey, is one TMRiver De
of the largeft of the whole World, rifing, as “tis fuppos'd, out of the Lake call’d
De los Xarayes, three hundred Leagues or more within Land, and falling into the
Atlantick Ocean, or North Sea, in thirty four Degrees of Southern Latitude, with
an Eftuary oc Mouth of thirty, or two and thirty Leagues over.
The whole Countrey is ufually fubdivided into three inferior Provinces, which
ate 1. Rio dela Plata properly fo call’'d.2. Tucuman. 3. La Cruxide Sierra.

eit.
 AMERICA. Chap. VI,
SecrT. Il.

Rio de la Plata, properly fo calld.

Situation of R’* dela Plata, properly fo call’d, is that part of the Countrey which extend.
Pla po: eth ic felf on both fides the River, in length many Leagues together, but
not anfwerable in breadth.
tows and The chiefeft Towns of noteinthis Province, are 1. Buenos Ayres, by fome call’d
we.” La Trinidad, on the Southern Banks of the River De la Plata, fixty four Leagues, as
they fay, from the Mouth of it : It is feated commodioufly at the foot of a little
Mountain, and fortifi'd with a Mud-Wall, a little Caftle, and fome Pieces of
Ordnance. 3 |
2. San Fe, in Englifh St. Faiths, fifty Leagues above Buenos Ayres, upon the fame
River, and a richer Place, chiefly by reafon of their Cloth, of which there is here
one of the greateft Manufactures of all thefe parts of Peru. elt
3. Nucftra Sennora de la Affumption, commonly call’d Affumption onely, lying yet
higher up the River almoft a hundred Leagues, a-well built and well frequented
Town, long fince inhabited by two hundred Families at leaft of natural Spaniards,
befides Meffixos, asthey call them, which are the Breed of Spaniards by the American
People, Men or Women, and Mulattos, which are likewife their Race, but begotten
upon Negro’s, of both which there are réckon’d to be hete fome thoufands.
4. La Cividad Real,or more commonly call’d Ontiveros; fourfcore Leagues Norths
ward from Affumption, feated on the Banks of the River Parana in a fruitful Soil, as
the Countrey generally is about all thefe Places; but the Air hereabouts is not fo
healthful. pa
j- St. Anne, upon the fame River ; and 6: St. Salvador.

Sec. III.

Tucuman.
Siuaton of V V Eftward of La Plata lieth the Countrey of Tucuman,extending it felf
as
far as the Borders of Chile, a Countrey not yet well difcover'd either
| to the North orthe South. That part of it which lieth towards
Chile is well Manur’d and Husbanded, and likewife very fruitful ; but that to-
wards Magellanica, neither the one, nor the other, remaining altogether untill’d and
barren. hy 7
The chief Towns and Places of note, are 1. St. Jago de Ejffeco, the principal
Town of the Province, and a Bifhop’s See, feated upon the River Efteco, a hundred
and fourfcore Leagues diftant from Buenos Ayres.
hit Dies 22 St» Michael de Tucuman, feated at the foot of a huge rocky Mountain, but
of note, otherwile in a Soil the fruitfulleft and beft, both for Corn and Pafturage, in all
this Countrey, twenty eight Leagues diftant from St. Jago. |
3- Lalavera, or Nueftra Sennora de Talavera, as the Spaniards callit, fituate upon the
Banks of Salado,in a good Soil, and inhabited by an induftrions People, grown ex-
ceeding rich and wealthy, chiefly by their Manufactures of Cotton-Wooll, where-
of they have great plenty, and by which they drive a Trade as far as the Mines at
Potofi, and other parts of Peru. |
4. Corduba, another rich Town of this Province, and of great Trade, aslying
at
 A ,

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 Chap. Vil AMERICAZ op 477
at an equal diftance, viz. of fifty Leagues, both From Sai Fe, as they call it, or’
St. Faiths inthe Province of La Plata abovelaid, and from St. Juan. dela Frontera in
the Country of Chile, and almoft in the Road-way from Potofi ‘and thofe parts of
Peru, to Buenos Ayres and the North Sea,— peas Ce
§- Chocinoca ;6. Sococha ; 7. Calebinda ; 8. Morata, and others, but belonging
for the moft part to the reduced Natives.

S EC Te IV.

ge La Crux de Sierra:
A Crux de Sierra is a little Territory (at leaft in comparifon to fome others), Situation of
lying towards Peru,and reckon’d by fome for one of the Provinces of Pery : Siar.
F It lieth betwixt the two great Rivers Paraguay and Guapay, a hundre
d
Leagues diftant, as tis faid, from Charcas, to which yet in fome Caufesit is fubor-
dinate. iS + .
The Soil of this Countrey is abundantly fertile in all forts of American Fruits,
befides good plenty both of Wheat and Maiz, and (carfity of nothing ufeful for
Man’s Life, unlefsitbe trefh Water in fome places.
The chief Towns of this Province, are 1. San. Crux, ficuate at the foot of a HL Sheedi
ath
Mountain or Hill, but opeing upon a large Plain, whofe thirfty drinefs is well ree vince.
freth’d by a certain Brook or: Torrent, which iffueth out of a neighboring Moun-
tain, and a few Leagues diftant fromthe Town maketh a pretty Lake, which fups
plieth the:'Countrey thereabouts, both with frefh Water and Fifh’in good plenty.
(2. Barranea, a Town fappos’d to be not above threefcore Leagues diftant from
Potofi. an, | | aera) a oe
- Nova Rivia, once a Colony of Spaniards, but fack’d arid fpoil’d by the Salvages
of thefe Parts about the Year 1548. and the firft Difcoveror of the Countrey,namely
Nunno deShaves, treacheroufly murder’d by'a Native, fince which time ‘tis faid to
have been deferted. |

LRRRTERRG ELEN OER ALBERS BELLE EE OBIS OIG EE BS, t Se

oF WS cae a
.
- ,

|Lb adswnbilernc? sii cusoe

Rafile by Capralis call’d San Cruz, becaule it was difcoyer’d on the Day dedi: pee
cated to the holy Crofs, but generally Brajile, fromthe red- Wood, which it % sai.
produces in great abundance, extends, according to the Account of the
Portuguefe, between the Rivers’ Maranon'and Dela Plata : But according td the Di-
vifion which Pope Alexander the Sixth made upon the Approbation ofthe Kings of
Caftile and Portugnefe, Brafile extends not fo far; for it begins in the North along
the Stream “Para, and ends at the River Capybora, two Leagues beyond the Town
St. Vincent : Eaftward it is wafh’d by the Northern Océan, and on the Weft fepara-
ted from Peru by defolate Mountains: It lies between 4 and 22 Degrees of Sou-
thern Latitude. Hiftoriographers differ mich concerning the firft Difcoverer ; but
Without contradiGion the firft honor belongs juftly to Americus Vefputins, who being
fent out by Ferdiaand, King of Cajtile, in the Year 1497. arriv’d firft with four Sail
| Yy at
 AMERICA Chap. VIL.
se =—
——————————— i as SS S===
SS ——E SS =
a

| a ay * ——

at Brafile; whither he was follow’dtwo years after by Vincent Aynex Pinzon, Aflocie
ate to Chriftopher Columbus ; but with ill fuccefs, for two of the Ships were caft away
in a Storm, and the other two return’d fadly weathersbeaten into the Spanifh Haven
Palos, yet not before he had. made a farther Difcovery of@Brafile than Americus Ve[pu-
Puro Atoa= tins. which fo ftirr’d up Emanuel, King of Portugal, that
he fent Pedro Alvarez Capralis
rex Capralis
orgent thither with five hundred Men in thirteen Ships, that fo he might get‘fure footing
on Brafile ; where Landing he ereéted a Stone Grofs, and inform’d the King of his
whole Proceedings by Ga/per Lemnius, with whom he fent over two Brafiliais,a Man
and a Woman, the ftrangenefs of whofe Garb caus’d great admiration in ‘Portugal
amongft the Spectators : the Man, having a flat Nofe, went ftark naked, and in
his nether Lip hung a Stone call’d Matara ; through each Cheek, there was ftucka
piece of Brafile Wood, on his Shoulders he carry’d three long Darts, and on his
Head he wore divers colour’d Feathers; the Hair about his Privities was all
pluckt out, and his Membrum Virile ty’d about with a String call’d Tacoaynhaa, which
heunty’d when he Urin’d; his Body was ftrong and well proportion’d, and paint.
ed with feveral’Colours. The Woman wore a Lappet girt about her Middle, in
which Girdle'ftuck a Cane Tobacco-pipe ; the Lappet reach’d juft tothe top of
her Knees, the reft of her Body wasalfo naked#;on her Head fhe wore'a broad Hat
made of Feathers, on the topof which ftuck two Plumes; in her Ears hung Bells,
and about her Neck three Strings of Pearl; and her Body was alfo painted with
red and yellow Colours. Lemnins alfo gave fo much Information concerning the
fruitfulnefs of Brafile, that.feveral Portugue/e Families went. thither, accompanied
with fome Italian Fryers, which fcattering up and down, began to build feyeral
Villages, but were foon after moft of them kill'd-and eaten up by the Indians.
Anno 1549. King Jobn the Third fitted out a great Fleet, which fet Sail from
Lisbon under the Command of Thomas de Sofa. h
Fjurs ferby
to Brafile Alfothe Jefuits A/pilcueta, Antonio Pireo, Leonardo Nonno, Didaco Jacobo, Vincent Rode-
Pope, Pauli ico, and Emanuel Robrega, were fent thither by Pope Paulus the, Third, and Ignatius
‘enatints’ Loyola, whofe Fleet came to an Anchor in the Bay afterwards call’d Gahia de Todos
| pit a is ae — Sané¥os,
 Chap. VII. «eo MERICA | 479.
Sanétos, where Sofa.built the City Salvador , fince which the Portuguefe have fpread
themfelves farther and farther over Brafile. ©. tithe. “sy
The United Netherlands alfo fent Colonies thither with good fuccels,
for they: took.’
feveral vaft Countreys from the Portuguefe, by force of Arms, and built new Forts
and Towns in feveral places. But we will firft give you a general Deftription.of
it, that fo we may the better render a Relation in particular of every. Province 3"
thereof, it being a confiderable partof the New World, and both pleafant and. fruit. ™*
ful, and the Sea-Coafts refrefh’d by Eafterly Winds, which begin before Day-
break, whenthe North Sea ebbs or flows, for then the Wind rifes with the Sun,
and
continues till Mid-night : Towards the Weft, where the Mountains divide Brafile
from Peru, it is made temperate by Wefterly Winds, which though judg’d unwhol-
fom, becaufe they feem to arife out of the Moorifh Grounds, yet they
hurt not the
Inhabitants along that Coaft, becaufe they cither break againf the high Moun-
tains, or are driven by the ftrong Wind which blows from the Sea. | io.
The difference between Summer and Winter, fhorter and longer Days, inthe
main part of Brafile,is {carce difcernable, warm Weather lafting all the year round :
and for the length of the Day and Night, the Sun being hid under the Horizon
twelve hours, fhines for the moft part juft as long, the greateft difference never :
being aboan vehour. Three hours before Day-break the Dew makes it exceeding
cold till Sun-rifing ;wherefore the Brafilians make Fires in the Night neat their
Hammocks, not onely to keep wild Beafts from them, but alfo againft the Cold.
After the coldeft Nights follow the faireft Days, and the contrary after fultry
Nights ; neverchelefs (except in the rainy Seafon, which begins with March and
ends about Augu/?) the Skye is generally clear, yet it Lightens much towards the
Evening. - Rainbowes often appéar in the Skye, and bout the Mooon Halos.
The Rain generally falls in great Drops, and with a2 mighty noife; before
which iris generally very fultry hot, or elfe foonafter. The Dew, which is fruit-
fuller than in Europe, is faltifh, which makes it oft to rot things that lie in the open
Air. During the rainy Moneths, a South-Eaft Winds blows from a cloudy Skye,
much ftronger than the Northern in Summer. The South-Eaft Wind drives the
Stream tothe North, as the North Wind drives it tothe South : And more than
this, there is little to be difcern’d of the Seas ebbing and flowing hereabouts: At
the higheft Tides the Brajilians go feveral Leagues from the Shore to Fifh, upon
Planks made of the fpungy Wood call’d Jangada faftned together. The Sea, which
feems to burn in the Night, is fo clear inthe Day, that the Fifh may be feen to
{wim above twenty Fathom deep. A calm Ocean when the Days and Nights
are of an exaét length, and efpecially when dark Clouds appear, is a certain ign
of a dreadful Storm. At Full or New-Moon the Sea rifes twelve Foot, and con-
tinues either a longer or fhorter time, according as it is more or lefs turbulent, and
the Rivers fall ftronger or more gently into the fame.
Before moft part of the Coaft of Brajfile lies a Stone Cliff of above twenty or
thirty Paces broad, which is never cover’d with Water, though in the time of
Spring-floods. In this Cliff Nature in feveral places hath made a Gap, through
which the Ships fail near the Shore, and ride {afe atan Anchor, :
The whole Countrey of Brafile is divided into thirteen Prafectures, ot Lord-
fhips, and hath about as many Rivers, which more or le{s empty themfelves into
every one of thefe Countreys. The Eafterm part hath feveral Brooks and Foun-
tains, which afford good’ Water both for Man and Beaft. In fome parts the Water
is fo ftrong, that the wild Beafts making themfelves Drunk therewith, are eafily
taken. During the Winter Seafon the Rivers glide with great’ force, and {wellona
= - y 2 fudden,
 al -_ " —,

AMERICA Chap. Vii!

fudden, overflowing all the neighboring Countrey, onely the River San Francifco
runs ftrongeft and -rifes higheft in the Summer Seafon, whenas in the Winter it
flows low, and pouresbut little Water into the Ocean. The originalof this Ri-
ver is as yet unknown, yet is by moft believ’d to come out of a great Lake lying
near, the Peruvian Mountains : The Hollanders, who {ail’d forty Leagues up the
fame, found it every where broad and deep, and {catter’d full of Ifles and Rocks.
The Portuguefe failing ten Leagues farther, difcover’d the great Rocks Cocoeras, from
which the faid River falls down with great violence, and extends it felf North.
Weft. Inthe other Brajilian Streams, though wide at the Mouthes, which generally
are not above two or three hours walking from their Fountains or Springs; no
Barqiie is able to Row up, they being exceeding fhallow, although much Rain
falls into them ; the reafon whereof is becaufe the barren Mountains lying bee
tween Brajileand Peru, difcharge abundance of Water through the Rivers of Ama
zones, Maranon, Francifco, La Plata, and the Juaeiro, with fuch force into the Ocean,
that they keep their {weetnefs for thirty Leagues. Near the Sea fide are f{eye-
ral Lakes and Pits which are drinkable, and others up in the Countrey that are
brackifh.
The Nature
of the Soil,
The Countrey differs exceedingly, for where it extends in Plains the Soil is fat
and clayie, and produces all forts of Fruit, but efpecially Sugar-Canes. During
the rainy Seafons the Trees flourifh moft ; after which the heat of the Sun, and fer-
tility of the Soil {peedily ripen the Fruit : wherefore they Dung not their’ Land,
but on the contrary endeavor to make itlean with Sand, that the Plants might not
have too many Leaves, and wither before the Fruit can be ripened. They Sowe in
the beginning of the rainy Moneths, and efpecially take cate that the Seed lie not
too deep in the Ground, becaufe then the Sun-beams being not able to come at it,
fuffer it to perifh in the cold Ground.
The high Cocoa and Palmito-Trees, are tran{planted all the year round, the Roots
being onely cover’d with a little Earth, becaufe they can endure no cold.
Several Trees here beara cooling Fruit, as if kind Nature took care to provide
againft exceffive heat. | ra
All manner of Plants and Herbs brought hither from Angola, Portugal,the Nether-
lands, and the Eaft-Indies, grow here very plentifully. But the Countrey generally
would be much better, if fome way could be found out to deftroy the innumera-
ble company of Pifmires, which though three times bigger than the European, re-
femble them very much, and cover the Paths in Woodsand Fields for three or four
Miles together ; and raifing Hillocks,make them hollow,and fill them with Corn :
in the Full of the Moon they gather an incredible quantity of Grain, which they
a
7
_ Pa bite at each end, becaufe it fhould not fprout : againft the rainy Moneths they ftop
Defcription
up their Holes, that the Water may not damnifie their Store. But thefe Animals
». -~

of the Ta-
manda.
have a mortal Enemy of the Tamanda, of which there are two forts, the bigger
call’d Guaca; the lefler Miri ; the Guaca, notwithftanding it is no bigger than an or-
-© = a——
oe-+—_, ye.
ra—< om
a’= :
=a-<
‘~- 4

dinary Dog, yet it deftroys Tygers, and other wild Beafts, with fuch a raging fury,
>—
=< a
|So ae
i
that it never lets go what once it hath got hold of, but holds it-faft fo long till fomee
timesit dies of Hunger. The Guaca differing from the Miri onely in bignels,
. are
——
o—

ae

hath a broad Tail full of grey and black Briftles, which fticks up when he is vex’d,
or
—
.
-a

but when he goes to fleep, covers himfelf with the fame. The Miri winds his long
=)
=>
o—
a
~¢
=—~ fmooth Tail about the Boughs, by which hanging he fearches the Holes in the
©
-=.
-

Trees with his Tongue, which being thin and round, hath a Gutter in the middle,
in which when it feels any Pilmires, it fuddenly {wallows them down: If he per-
ecives them to have their Nefts under Ground, then he {eratches up the Earth,and
puts
 Chap: Vise AMER IC 2. 481
puts his Tongue in at the Holes. Both the Guacu and Miri have a thick Skin, and-a
broad black Streak from their Breafts on each fide up half way their Bodies, and
through the black runs alfo a white Streak. No Beaft inthe World is hardier than
- this, for though it fafts twelve days, and is afterwards flay’ d alive, yet it will live .
feveral hours after.
‘The Lakes in Brafile are for the moft part overgrown: with Weeds juft like a
Field, yet are exceeding full of Fifh and Fow!. Where the Sea ruins into the Lakes,
great multitudes of Crabs are feen crawling alongthe Ground, and the Oyfters
hang in Clufters on the Boughs of a Plant call’d Manyle or Mangues, which grow the place
with their Roots either near or in the Water, in fuch a manner, that new Hades iit
fill fhoot from the old Roots, which prevents eafie accefs to the chief Plant, on
whofe uppermoft Leaves after Sun-rifing fticks very white Salt, which in the
Night, or in a cloudy Day turns toa brackifi Dew. Moreover, thoft places where
Brafile rifes with Hills and Mountains, are likewife very fruitful, except the barren
tops of forne, which feem to kifs the Skyes; and though the fruitful Mountains
flourifh in the time of the rainy Months, yet many of the Trees which grow on
them die in Summer, and their Afhes being burnt by the Inhabitants, are us’d in
ftead of Dung. Some Woods extend themfelves three hundred Leagues in length,
and are full of Trees, fo tall, that an Arrow fhot upwards falls fhort of the top of
them, and a Boat may be made out of the Body, whichcan carry a hundred and
fifty Men. On the great Boughs of thefe mighty Trees grow other. excrefcent
Shrubs after the manner of Milleltoe, which proceed from the Kernels fwallow’d
and-muted upon them by the Birds that light there. In fome places alfo grow
alfo Sweet-wood Trees, which afford either excellent Gums or Wood to Dye with ;
amongft which the chief is the Ibiripitanga, which yields the Brafile Wood, that
gives Denomination of Brafile to this vaft Tra& of Land. The Tree Ibripitanga is Delrintion:
tall and fpreading, hath fad colour’d Bark full of fhort Thorns, the Leaves are “pias.
green, and differ in form bit little from the Box-Tree Leaf, the Boughs fhoot
forth other leffer, full of yellow and fweet-fmelling Flowers, which falling off
are fucceeded by a flat long Cod, of a dark grey colour, full of little red Pulfe;
the upper part of the Tree is not good to Dye with, bot onely the lower part oe
the Body, which becaufe the Tree grows far up in the Countrey, is not tranfport-
able without much trouble, But the Tatai-iba grows in the Woodsalong the Shore; {The Tree
the Bark being of an Afh-colour, invefts a yellow Wood; the Leavesare {harp and
notch’d, the Fruit not unlike Mulberries, pale, juicy, aind full of white Seed; the
Wood boyl’d Dyesa pure Yellow. It is obfervable not otiely of this Tree, but
generally of the Trees of this Countrey, that they neither flourifh, nor fled theit
Leaves all over at once; nor do feveral Trees of the fame kind, and growing here
germinate or fade together; for whileft one is fulleft of Blofloms, the othet is
without Leaves ;and whileft the fame Tree theds its Leaves on one fide,the other
fide is newly Budded.
The European Plants and Herbs with: foft Roots, being once Planted in Brafile,
come to be hard and lignifi’d. There is alfo great difference, according td thie
Ground in which they are Planted , for fuch Plants and Trees as in the Plains are
but {mall and tender, grow ten eliteshigher if Planted inthe Woods. »
All forts of Indian Pulfe grow higher than the talleft’ Trees, like high Arbors;
under which both Men and Beafts may fhelter themfelves from the Sun or Rain,
We find not upon Record or Tradition, that Brafile was ever troubled with an
Earthquake, which is the reafon that it ith neither Silver nor Gold-Mines, becaufe
fulphurous Fires are found under Ground, which are a caufe of the conan of
 AMERICA, Chap. VII.

Hall

Gold and Silver, fo likewife they occafion Earthqiakes ? yet in that pare of Brafile
call’d Ceara, there are fome Mines of Silver, out of which the Hollanders would have
got greater Riches, had not they been employ’d in the Wars againft the Portugue/e.
Far up into the Countrey amongft the Mountains, inhabit Canibals,or Maneeaters,
The Europeans that firft travell’d that way, found the Countrey very fertile and full
of People, efpecially inthe Valleys, but fomewhat incommoded by the want of
Water, and the exceffivenefs of the Heat in the Day, and of the Cold in the Night.
In fome places the Countrey is fo over-grown with Brambles, that they are forc’d
to cut their way through the fame. But there are a fort of Thiftles, which having
concave Leaves, receive the Dew and Rain for the accommodation of the Natives.
Befides Serpents and Dragons, the Tygers are moft of all to be fear’d when
hungry, but once fatisfi’d are eafily. taken.
Dogs, Oxen, Sheep, and Horfes thrive alfo exceedingly in moft parts of Brafile,
The Nature
of the Brafili-
The Brafilians live to be very old without being Bald or Grey : There are fel:
ANS.
dom or never to be feen {quintsey’d, lame, decrepid,orany deformed People, nots
withftanding the Children are never Swath’d but thrown into cold Water as foon
as born. The Men generally have a very near refemblance one-with another, as
alfo the Women, fo that there is not fuch a difference betwixt Man and Man there,
as amongft other People, Thereis {carce any Sicknefs heard of in thefe Parts; for
befides a long Life, they enjoy the benefit of Health fo long as they live. They
trouble not themfelves with much Bufinefs ; and in one Hut, whofe Covering con-
fifts of Palm-Leaves, dwell feveral Families together.
Their manner
of Living, The general Bread of the Brafilians is the ftamp’d Root Mandiboka ; befides which
they alfo eat all manner of Fruitand Plants, and many times Flefh, which they
either eat boyl’d, broyl’d, or flew'd; their Boyling is after this manner: Firkt
they kindle their Fire with two Sticks, the one of hard,and the other of foft Wood;
the hard they make fharp at theend, and fix the fame into the foft, which fetting
on fire they immediately lay Cotton thereupon, or elfe dry Leaves, and fo boyl
the Flefh in round Earthen Pots call’d Camu : but they account that better which is
ie ftew’'d
‘Chap. VIL. AMERICA 483
‘in clofe on the top with
Rarthand Leaves, they make
: ‘be fufficiencl y ftew'd. Their Broyl-
s0ver Which they lay feve-

3 broyl’d is
oa they make up
Both with their Plefh and Fith they eat
ci L of the Root Mandiboka, which they taking up
ir Mus the leaft {crap
feveral Meals

after a few days ftanding turns to a darker colour, and is ftron

g enough to make
Aftronomers of thofe that drink largely of it, but if long kept, it
turns to be excel
They have another Drink call’d: Aipy, which is made two feveral ways,
the
firft is thus: An old:Toothlefs Woman chews the little cut. Root :

Aipimacaxera toa
a Pap call’d Caracu, which {pitting ina Pot they pour Water on the fame,
and after-
wards boyling ic leifurely, ftirring it all the timeit ftands over the Fire.
The other
way of making this Aipu, which is much the more cleanly, is to boyl
the faid Root
fo long, till ic comes to be like Butteremilk, and then lettin
g it Rand till'it hach
done working, it will be no unpleafant Drink.
“Another fort of Drink amongft them is their Pacobi, made of the
Fruit of the
Tree Pacobebe and Pacobucu ; befides others made of the Tice Abatu, of Indian
Bar-
ley and Maiz. Alfo their Liquor call’d Jeticé is prefs’'d out of Potato-Roots.
In like manner the Plant Nana, by the Portuguefe call’d Anaras, makes the Drink
Nanai, which is exceeding ftrong and heady, but good againft Faintnefs, Vomite
ing, Gravel, and ftoppage of Urine, as alfo againft Poyfon. |
The Tapuiyans, fur-named Cariri, meet at a certain time to make the Liquor Theit Debos
dipu, whereof each takes as muchto his Hut as fallsto his fhate, and when
it hath “”
‘done working, they begin in the Morning very early at che firft Houfe in
the Vil-
lage, and drink out every drop which they find there, and fo from Houfe
to Houfe
till they have drunk one another drie’; and he is look’d upon to be
the beft Man
that hath drunk and evacuated moft. uk
The Brafilians take generally very ftrong Tobacco, which they firftd
rie in the nerofTaka
Sun, and afterwards before the Fire, the better to rub itin pieces: Their Tobacco= 7°
pipe is a Cane and a hollow Nut cut offat the top, and 2 round Hole bor’d in the
middle, into which they put the Cane. They forbear not to take Tobacco even
in
the midft of their religious Ceremonies, which are perform’d with
Singing and
Dancing in this manner : |
The Tapuaiyans making a round Ring at an equal diftance one from another, all
Siac 4
of them being ftark naked,tie divers colour’d Plumes of Feathers on theit back-fides tics.
with
 AMERICA | Chap. VIE

~~

witha String made faft on their left Shoulders and about their Waftes ;about
their Legs they have Cotton Garters; each in his turn bowing to the Left;
ftretches down his left Hand to the Ground, and puts
hisright Hand in between the
Strings,which tie the Plume of Feathers,and ftamps continually with his right Foot,
whileft all the reft begin to Sing a doleful Song, which by degrees they change
into a merry one, not without fome appearance of underftanding the Art of
Mufick. Their Songs contain firft a mournful Relation of a general Deluge, which
drowned their Predeceffors, all but fome few, who efcap’d by climbing up high
Trees and Mountains ; next the Aéts of thofe old Heroes from whom they boaft
themfelves Extracted, who loft their Lives, or valiantly fought for the publick
good, and were rewarded with the enjoyment of all pleafures and Delights,of Sing-
ing, Playing, Dancing, and che like, in a remote Countrey, whither after their
Deaths they hope tobe tranflated: Whileft they thus Sing over all their Songs,
three Priefts ftand in the middle of the Ring, each holding the Idol Maraka (in their
left Hand) refembling an old Oftritch’s Egg ftuck full of Feathers on the top:
about their Waftes they wear a Girdle of rich Plumes, on their Heads alfo a Crown
of Feathers, the middle Prieft looks with a ftern Countenance, and holds up his
left Leg from the Ground, whileft the other two ftanding on each fide of him, hold
in their right Hands a Pipe,out of which blowing Tobacco-fmoak in one anothers
Faces,they utter thefe words, Receive the Spirit of heroick Strength > The Dance ended,
they Entertain their Priefts with Meat and Drink eight days together, and alfo put
Meat before their Idol Maraka, who is the chief Deity they adore.
Their Arms. Their Arms confift of Bowes made of hard Wood, Strung with twilted Cotton
Thred, their Arrowsthey make of the Cane Tacaara, made very fharp at the end,or
headed with fome Bealts fharp Tooth, or.pointed with the Bones of the Fifh Jperu.
Some of the Tapniyans ule great Darts, and long Clubs of black Wood, broad before,
and full of fharp Spikes ;the Handles being wound about with Cotton Strings
call’d Jatirana, under which hangs a Tuft of the Bird Arara’s Feathers, as alfo about
the middle. Their Trumpets, call’d (anguenca, are the Shin-bones of Men, though
they
 <i" —_" : = =

Chap. VI. wMER_IC &£.

they have others allo tmade of great Shells and Canes. They us’d to be continually
at War one withanother,which they wag’d neither for Lands nor Riches but either
to make themfelves eminent, and to be accounted valiant Soldiers, or moft efpecie
ally for the fake of Man’s-fleth to feed upon; which they love beyond all things in
the World,wherefore
they fatten all cheir-Prifoners for the flaughter. ‘Their Battels
are always cruel; for they fight very defjperately. » Emanuel de Moraes relates, Thathe —
faw a Brafilian fight with three Armed Portague/es, who flew him nottill after he had
wounded them alf three. TiS 2G eee | ins, ® ,
The Lan guages of the Bra/ilians are feveral, each Countrey {peaking a peculiar Th Ln
Tongue, ‘but lo‘diffethatrent they ‘cafinot ‘underftand one another. The Tabuyans Braflans,
are divided into aboveeighty. Tribes; each {peaking a peculiar Language, which
have no refemblance one with another ;‘neverthelels they have a general Lan-
guage which-is underftood by-moft of them, The felwit ofeph Anchieta publifhing
a Brafilian Dictionary in Conimbrica, Aimoiis95. fhewed thatthe fore-mention’d
Language wants the Letters f; I, f) x, r, and hath no double Confonants in any
word, excep mb,tnd, ng, fo that the found of the word falls. generally on the laft
Vowel. The foresmention’d Moraés well experienc’din the Bra/ilian Tonguey writ »
an Alphabetof albthe moft familiar words thereof us’d in common Difcourfe, of “
which it will not.be unneceflary to give this following Extraétte2 |
Aig ABS Cie Guaibino, an.old. Woman,
Ba, a Man, alfo Hair. | Cama, a Sucking-Breaft. BARES AD LEG:
Acu, the Left-hand. Canga, a Leg. I.
Acuabeimae, Sweet. Caraibebe, apiabebe, an An-.| Jaci,the Moon, or Month.
Amaberaba, Lightning. gle. Jacitata, a Star.
Amacuminga, Thunder. (Caruca, the Evening. Iba, a Tree.
Amandiba, Hail. Capit, Grafs. Ibiaia, the Heavens.
Anama, a neat Relation. Capit goacu, Straw. Ibatinga and Ibitinga, a
Anga, the. Soul. - Catu, Dainty. Witch.
Angabara, Lean, Cay, an Ape. Ibateba, High.
Angaipata, Angry, or Wic- | Ceba, a Loaf. — Ibi, the Earth.
ked. Cibera, the Buttocks. Ibitira, a Mountain,
Angaturama, Thankful, or | Cemiracoaobae, a Widower. | Ibitu, the Wind.
Acceptable. Ceo, a Breaft. Icapi, the Dew,
Apara, a Crown. Cetecimibae, a Ghoft. Ig, Water.
Apecum, the Tongue. (Cig ggra, an Aunt. Iguaba, a Cap.
Apicaba, a Stool. (oaraci, a Son. ~ Ipeca, a Goole.
Ara, the Time, Skye, or | Cobra, a Serpent. Igue, the Side,
Day. Coemitanga, the Dawn. Ita, Iron, or a Stone.
Ara-ibi coquime, Noon. —_|_ (oriba, Rejoyce. Itacira, a Spade.
Araya, Grandmother. | Coya, Twins. Itapigua, a Nail.
Atapuana, Light. Cunha, a Wife. Juba, Yellow.
Atapuatia, Swift. - Cunhaiba, a Bride. M.
Atucupe, the Back. (Cunumigoacu, a Youth. Maupiara, the Gall.
Atyba, the Shoulde. Cunumi, a Boy. Mbabeaubera, Sick.
Ay cig, a Mother. E. Mbiu, Meat.
Ayura, the Neck. Ecatuaba, the right Hand. | Mbo, a Hand.
B Eyruba, a Bee. Membeca, Softly. fits
f : G. Mencaraa, a Wedding.
Boya, a Slave. Giba, an Arm, Micu, a Toe,
Mita,
 +

AMERICA. Chap. VII,

Mita, the Heel. R. name their younger
Mocu, an Eel. Roig, Cold. Brothers Quibira, and
Mormotara, Angry. Brothers their younger
Muapendaba, a Joint. Tagica, a Vein. Sifters Teindira.
N. Tagui, Blood. Tigue, the Belly.
Nbia, the Heart. Tagira, or Membira, a Tique perg, the Guts.
O. Daughter. The firft Tinga, White.
Opacatumba, the World. of thefe words is us’d Tipiba, Melancholly.
P. by the Fathers, and the Tiquera, eldeft Sifter.
Potia, the Breaft. other by the Mothers. Tiquiera, eldeft Brother.
Paranga, Fair. . Taira, Children, or a Son. Tuba, Parents.
Porerobiara, Faithful. Tamua, a Grandfather. Tutira, Father’s Brother,
Porucuicobora, Poor. Tata, Fire. Tubei-ima , an Hofpital
Potivi, a Duck. Tecoacu, Luck. Boy.
Poxi, Ugly. Tecoateima, Covetoufnels. Tuibaem, an old Man.
Pi, a Foot. Temerico, Man or Woman, Tupana, God.
Pia, the Liver. Tendiba, a Chin. — Ty, Pifs.
Pira, Fifh, or a Skin. Tendi, SSpittle. . | Tyaris, the Bladder.
Piquiira, Younger in Tehdipia, a Knee.
Tecobecatu, Wholfony
U.
years.
Pitanga, a Child. Tema, a Shin-bone. Uba,the Hip,
Tete, 4Body.
| Unhapuapem, a Nail.
Pua, a Finger.
Pua-guacu, a Thumb. Tiaya, Sweet. Y.
Purva, the Navel. Tibira, Younger : for fo Yja, a Fountain.
Puou, Long. the Brothers call one Ymeneoba, a Widow,
Putuma, the Night. another, but the Sifters Yyaobuamba, Naked..
The Words for Aton, are thefe following :
Capucaya, Calling, ox To Cun, Defending.
A® jee | be vex’d. E.
| Abiqui, Coming. | (arom, Hoping. Ecatu, To be able.
Acanhem, I die. Caruca, Piffing. G.
Acoy, Covering. ‘Cauccuba, Loving. Genonheca, Praying.
Aei, Mifling. Cecaraya, Forgetting. Goameenon: Biting.
Ami, Squeezing. Cema, Going out. Guapua, Sitting.
Amotareima, Hating. Cenduba, Hearing. Guata, Walking.
Anduba, Opinion, Cenoya, Naming. Gueena, Vomiting.
Anguipaba, Sinning. Cepiaca, Seeing, Punifh- I. |
Abba mandeba, To put on. ment. _ Jababa, To run away.
Apina, Shaving. Cerura, Carrying. -Fecoacuba, To remember.
Apition, Binding. Cetuna, Smelling. Jenumana, Spitting.
Aroca, a Leffon. Ceyara, Relating. Jerure, Demanding.
Ayama, Feigning. Cica, Ploughing. Igtaba, Swimming.
Cipya, Making wet. Igu, Drinking.
Beraba, Shining. Ciquye, Fearing. . M.
ae (9, Going. - Maenduara, Thinkin gs
Coanga, Meafuring, Pros Cobaitim, Meeting. _ Mano, Dying.
ving, or Speaking. Coquendaboya, Opening, | Maramonbanga, Warring.
_ Cacaba, Paffing by. Cuaba, Knowing. _ Mayaoca, Dividing.
Cae, Curing. Cupira, Performing. Mba-eraca, Buying.
Mbace,
Chap. VII. AMERICA, ) 487
Mbacu, Eating. Monhanga, Doing. Porara, Lying. .
Meenga, Delivering. - Moperua, Being cold. Potareima, Refufing.
Menbirara, Barring. _ | Mopotaya, Buttoning. Potara, Defiring.
Moaibaba, Bewitching, or |Moriba, Confenting. Puama, Rifing.
Preventing. Moropiana, Changing. Puaya, Commanding.
Mongueba, Putting out. Moeyeceara, Mixing. Puca, Laughing.
Moanga, Thinking. . N Pura, Ufing.
Moaquima, Making wet. NI Aah ese
Mobibua, Sowing. | Bet ie sighing. Quera, Sleeping.
cies Nbheenga, Speaking. Pretty):
Moete, Praifing , or Ho- 3%, >pean Querara, Waking.
aes Nhemboe, Learning. : , 5
are | Nhengara, Singing. sie
Moendi, Setting on-fire. S418, INS ING Raba, Untying.
Mogiba, Boyling. P. Qereco, Having.
Mogyco, Polifhing. Paepua, An{wering. Rura, Coming.
Momiya, Moving. Paraboca, Chufing. 7
Momita, Lodging. Paronduba, Enquiring. pane
Monberaba, Bruifing. Pea, Abfaining, : set ee
Monbeu, Delivering of a |Pitw, Remaining. ty hie Set
Meflage. | Pitanga rempi, To caft off. eg pees.) :
Monbuca,To borethrough. | Pitera, Kiffing. ie ei Anite i dived
Monbuja, Boring. . |Pitibo, Helping. - ieee oughing,, Wat
Mondoca, To.cut, take a- | Aittiba, Anointing. ting, or Burying.
way, or cleave afuns | Poacema, Mourning. . Y.
dere: Pobana, Spinning. Yaceo, Crying.
Mondoroca, Breaking. Pocuaba, To ule. Yeaoboca, Pulling off.
Monguy, Grinding. Pocaucuba, Dreaming. Yeupira, Climbing.
Monguya, Making loofe. 1, Porabiqui, Working. Yuca, Killing.

Thefe are of the moft ufual words of the general Language in Brajfile, befides
which every diftiné: Tribe or Divifion of People hath its peculiar Tongue, as hath
been, faid, of which the chiefeft and mofteminent are the Tupinambu, ‘Tabaiaras,
Potigisiguaras, Marbuites, Waimoores, Tomonimenos, Waitaquaxes, Wainaffes, Topinaques, Pos
vies, Molopaques, Motatas, Biheros, Wainawafons, Tamoies, Tocomans, and the Cariogs ; of
all which the Tupinambu are the moft comely, efpecially their Women, which (ac-
cording tothe teftimony of the aforefaid Emanuel Moraes, an Eye-witne{s) may ftand
in competition with the European Beauties. Thefe Women accompany their Hus-
bands when they go intothe Wars, and carry their Provifions, efpecially ftore of
Tobacco. Inthe Lips both of the Men and Women hang little Stones. The Men
takeasmany Wives as they pleafe ; and amongft the generality of the foreemen-
tion’d Nations, there is {carce any fign of Religion tobe difcern’d.
Difcourfe, Ty yr”
‘The Tobaras are accounted the beft Horfemen ; but in Singing and
or thirty
the Potigi-ignaras exceed all the other Brajilians: They place twenty
Singers ina Row, which obferving Time, Sing the Tranfactions of their Predes
ceflors with good Voices. ; |
The Waimoores areia ftrong People that inhabit the large Tra& of Land between The Waimte
Babia and Jfleos, and having well timber’d Bodies, cankeep pace with a Horfe run- ~
ning full {peed. Five or fix of them often fet upon a Sugar-Mill, though a hun-
dred Men be at work in the fame: They areall over bedaub’d with Dirt, becanfe
they lie like Beafts onthe Ground: They wear long Hair, and have no certain —
Abodes. = 3 |
— The
 The tomeni- The Tomonimenos, living about S
MeENOS,
Pie ans
of Stone about cheir Hutsao es ae
:
fhoot Arrow -at
s thofe th
> eS pee
and COVER d with. ‘ah: Re aaah
ners at once; kill’d moftef the
. ~'/ ;
Paravas
| ee
; ay
The wore
GMa Les.
At the South and=Nore

The
' Wainaf-
fes Aa 2: <

go ftark naked, fhave the Crom tT

) =

Hair hang.down long on heir Should

The Deferi- dies, colour themfelve Red with
s Hua My ;
Plant race, MON gft them: the Kernels are inclos’d in Ww

Ys ; , &

are not onely mix’d with the other +Ingf

See = “lf Vg
NeGhse?
>
ee) ton a
ER Reece
Wh
saa SP mit
j \
at,
>

to Dye of ared Colour: The Wood of this P ant is very white,and the Bark grey
;
*~

F nd of
es
TT

The Topina.

hangs below their Backs when they travel.

The Pores, T'he Mountains along the Ocean, which inclofe much Gold, are inhabited
by
the Pories, a peaceable People, molefting nore of their Neighbors ; they
fleep in
Nets of Flags, and have no other Houfes than three Poles plac’d triangular,
and
coverd with Palm-Leaves ; they feed on Pine-Nuts and Fyrives, Apples
that have
Shells like a Walnut, and have alfo the precious Balfam-Oy] in
great abundance.
addi: Along the River Paradiva inhabit the Molopaques ;the Men ftrong
and well
timber’d, have Beards long enough to cover their Privities.. The Wome
nalfo fair,
modeft, prudent, and never laughing, tie their Hair, painted with feveral colour
s,
round about their Middle with a Cord, fo that it fervesin ftead ofan Apron.
They
obferve a fec-hour for Dinner and Supper, which is not us’d by any other Brafili
-
anss The Mountains in thefe Parts confifting of a black Mold, have plent
y of
Gold, but ic is of no efteem or regard amongft them, onely that which is
wafh’d
down by theRain they gather up, but put to no other ufe than to make
Hooks to
hang their Nets on. 5 ead |
The
ound = AME R TCA — RS>

i
||

The Motayas, being of a low Stature 4nd- brown Complexion, fhave off the Hair Te sey«
of their Heads, or elfe pluck it up by the Roots ; they are eaters of Man’s-flefh.
Not far from whofe Dominions appear the Mountains Pinos up in the Coun-
trey, which abounding with Gold and Precious Stones, are inhabited by the Bihe-
ros, otherwife call’d Lopos, which live under the Trees like Beafts.
The Waianawafons have little Villages, built along a nameléfs River, they are a Serene
Gigantick People, but very ignorant. Thirteen Portugnefe undertaking fome years
ago to travel through this Countrey to the South Sea, found on fome Mountains
abundance of Gold and Precious Stones; and ainongh many ftrange things they
faw a Cryftal Mountain ten days before they came near it, over which they could
not travel becaufe ofits fteepnefs;at the foot thereof iptieng a broad Stream, ma-
king a great noife: From thence travelling forward, they came to the Rite The Tameyes,
Countrey, the Men whereof, being well proportion’d, wore great Bunches of Fea-
thers on their Heads : The Women, exceeding fair, had carv'd Breafts. The {aid
Portuguefe being taken here,were put into Prifon, ee all flain'and eaten »excepting
one, who efcap‘d after chis manner: Thirty thoufand Tamoyes falling into the
Countrey of the Amazons, by the Americans call’d Mandiocuy/yams; made a great Feaft
with three hundred of them, whileft the reft fled to the River La’ Plata, where they
got help from the Portuguefe, who kill’d ten thoufand of the Tamoyes, midds the reft
Slaves, and releas’d their imprifon’d Countreyman.
The Toconians, a little People, dwell between La Plata and St: Vincent. kaipioy
| The Caryogs poffefs much Gold and Precious Stones. Mraquitess
The Maraquites, by the Weftern Indians furenamed Tapuiyers, that is, Wild People,
are divided into feventy fix forts, all differing’in their Languages, among‘t which
the chiefeft are the Arodera, (ajau, Maquaru, and Poyme, which all live without Law,
Religion, fetled Abodes, or Friendfhip with any Neighbors ; and the Women
Fight as welk asthe Men. Jacob Rabbi, who dwelt a confiderable time, and con-
vers'd amongft thefe People, defcribes their Cuftoms thus:
2
“«Their 7 Jandni, firenamed Orfhicayayna, from the River which fows through ferib’d. fioms d c-

gts: Zz | the
4.90 AMERICA. Chap. VIP;
“© che Counrrey of the Lapuyans, Caules (it he thinks fit) to be publifh’d
through the
‘‘ the whole Camp of the Enemy, whither he will go the next Morning, and whar
‘“he will do all the Day following, having firft confulted with his Council of
“Sorcerers. Before they march they wafh theit Bodies in the River, rub them.
“ felyes all over with Sand, and afterwards wafh it off again, then ftretch them-
“« felves till all their Joynts crack, rum to the Fire, and
when throughly Warm,
“ fcratch theit Bodies with certain Fifh-Teeth, infomuch that the Blood gufhes
“* out of feveral places, all which they judge to be good again{t wearifomnef{;,
« About a Stones-caft from the King’s Tent lie two thick Logs, a large Stride one
“ from the other, againft which the whole Multitude ftand divided into two Par-
“ties, each of whom chufe the ftrongeft Man accounted amongft them to “earry
‘‘the Log for a Wager, and when thele two are tir’d, they are releas’d by others,
‘‘ and he that comes laft tothe appointed place with the Log, is laugh’d at by the
_ © Party to which he belong’d that was there firft, where they all ftay
for the Youths
“that bring their Arms, which when they have deliver’d, they all fall
to work,
“cutting down Trees, breaking off the Boughs, fticking them in the Ground, and
“tying them together on the top for Tents, which are built inrows
one againft
‘‘another, leaving a broad Path between. Mean while the Women and Child
ren
‘‘coming with their Baggage, the Men run to Fifh and Hunt, or ‘to feek
Honey.
“The old Women dig up Roots, which ftamp’d fervethem for Bread, while
? the
“‘ young Women help one another to prepare the Meat in the Huts. Moreover
the
‘“ Wen {pend their time in feveral Exercifes, as Wreftling and Running,
of which
“two Women, appointed for that purpofe, are the Judges. When the Evening |
“ draws on upon them, then the Youths dividing themfelves into Companies,
go
“* Singing from one Tent to another, and are follow’d by, the Maids
Dancing and
“‘ Leaping, every one flanding behind him-whom fhe loves beft
; and this is look’d
“upon as a fingular fign of affe@tion, When a young Manis: inclin’d ¢o Marry,
“‘he.carries Honey and Venifon to his Miftrefles Father, who if he hath more
than
*‘ one Daughter acquaints the Sooth{ayers with it, who inform
the King concerns
“ing it; he then caufes all the young Men and Maids to be call’d
together out of
“the Camp, fendsthem into the Woods to Hunt out a wild Beaft;
which.they no
“ fooner fee, but. they return and acquaint the Multitude therewith,,
who immedi-
«‘ ately furrounding the Place, foon catch the Beaft, whofe Entrai
“and throw to: the ls they. pull out
Dogs, and give the Flefh to the Women
to roaft, which
“« when ready, they make merry with, Singing and Dancing after
they have
“eaten ; then if the Youth hath behav’d himfelf well in putfuing
of the wild
“ Beaft, the King grants him the Maid which he defires for. his Wife :.
Four days
“ before the Wedding they bore a Hole through each
of the Bridegtooms Cheeks
“ with a fharp piece of Wood, which done they folemnize the Martiage
. at.which
“« the King himfelf diftributes the Meat to. every Guelt ashe thinks'fit
; »afterDin-
‘* ner they extol the Mothers Care, -in preferving her Daughters Vitgi
nity: forthe
“ Bridegroom in firange Songs. Ifa Maid be Marriageable
and
, no Suitor comes
“<to her, then the Mother draws red Strokes undér hier Eyes,
and conduéts her to
“the King, who fets the Maid down by him ona Mat, warms
his Hands againft
“ the Fire, then ftroaks himfelf and the Maid , and alfo blows Tobacco-Smoa
k on
“‘ herand himfelf, which done, he performs the paréof a Husband with her.’
But
“ their making Holes through their Ears.and Lips is done'whileft they are Chil*
“dren, after this manner: The Boys who undergo this Ceremony,
¢ome:to the
‘* Place appointed, where the whole Multitude Dance and Sing, and the
Conju-
‘frers (who are the onely Priefts they have) fic in two rows appofiteto one
anos
| “ther ;
 -

Chap. VIL of MERCH aot

«ther; one of them ftarting up, takes a Boy by the Head, ties him Hand and Foot
to his*alfiftance,
«that he cannot ftir at all, whichdone, a fecond Sorcerer comes
ce and’ with a fharp-pointed Stick bores Holes through his Ears and Lips, whileft
to have any
« the Mother of the Boy makes a fad Lamentation. Women refufe
« familiarity with their Husbands as foon as they perceive themifelves to be with
neighboring
«Child, and as foon as any Woman is Deliver’d, fhe runs into a
ng fhe eats
‘© Wood, where with a Shell fhe cuts off the Childs Navel, which boyli
ng and
« with the After-birth ; then wafhes her felf and the Child every Morni '
with
« Evening in cold Water ;as long as fhe gives Suck her Husband lies not
Adultery,
«cher, unlefs icbe a Man that hath but one Wife. Ifa Woman commit
the Ad, it is law-
«her Husband beats her out of his Houle, but ifhe takes her in
s a great Calabafh
« ful for him to kill both. In themiddle of the King’s Tent ftand
which none
« fall of Stones call’d Kebnturab, cover’d with the corner of a Mat,
fmoak che fame with
<¢ dares approach without the King’s leave, unlefs it be to
4>
«© Tobacco, or to lay Venifon or Honey before it. n-
~ Ye is alfo remarkablehow the Sorcerers deal with their Sick ; the afoxefaid Facob Stangema
>

ner of curing
troubled aacll-gvog
Rabbi, an Eye-witnefs relates, That the King Drarugh being extreamly
amongtt his Sorcerérs, who Tapuyans.
with pains in his Sides and Legs, and finding no help
where three
pretended to be Phyficians,went to the neighboring King of the Tapuyans
blew To-
undertook to cure him, which they did after thismanner : One of them
much
bacco-fmoak on his Body, fuck’d his Knees, roar’d like a Lyon, and after
put the King ito
ado vomited a little Eel into his Hand, which he pretended had
roar’d exceeditigly, and
fo much pain; whileft the fecond fuck'd his Belly, and alfo
third fuck’d his left
vomited forthatlafta Stone,.on which appear’d a Rofe; the
faid imme-
Side, till he vomited fomething like a Root ; after which the King is | = 4
i
diately to have recover d.
ans,onely Tit Feat
Thereis but little Ceremony of Religion tobe found amongft the Tapuy
ripe, after ofthe Stars.
they thew Reverence to the Seven-ftars when the Fruits of the Field are
Youths
this manner: Firft they {pend three days in Dancing and Singing, then the
s abaue their
prepare themfelvesto Fight with Lances and Clubs, tie tough Twig
in Knots after it is powe
Legs, pour Honey on their Heads, tie theix Hair behind
rs, ftick a
der’d with red Powder, Paint their Faces and Bodies with feveral Colou
fet Garlands of
long Feather in their Necks betwixt their Hair, and on theif Heads
like Tails, and -
red Feathers pleited, down their Backs hang Bundles of Branchés
s drefs'd_ they
have their Arms adorn’d with the Wings of the Bird Kofetug ;,.thu
°
fight three days, atthe end whereof the Conquerors fhew great joy.
of them
It deferves {pecial obfervation what the Learned Gerard, Vofsins velates
for his heroick
from. the Motth of Chriftopher Arciffeusky, a Polifh Nobleman, famous
Exploits for the United Netherlands in Brafile,
ng fmt:
“¢ The Tapuyans (faith he) are a People that range up and down, never ftayi Relation rsof
Land, and go ale teMame
“¢ long in one place, between Siara and Meranthon, a vat Trad of
e. Whenthe Hol- Maricd.
“ moft naked, having oncly a flight Covering about their Middl
thereof, and after
“ Janders gave them Clothes, they admir’d the ftrange Fafhion
Gheeks they
** two days: return’d them again: In their Lips, Noftrils, Ears and
; a great Club; and a
“« hung Ornamentals of Wood, Bones, Feathers, or Stones
Silver, they
‘¢ trong Bowe made of hard Wood ferve them for Arms; Gold and
the Por-
“ efteem’d not, whereforethey bartet’d whole Chefts full (buried there by
“ tuguefe and difcover'd by them) with the Hlollanders for Greyhounds: They judge
of
‘¢ themfelyes to be better than other Man-taters, becaufe they eat not the Flefh
the Wars,
* their Enemies, but of their own Relations, and thofe neither kill’d in
a ZLzi2 3 3 ‘ nor
 “nor dying anatural Death ; by which
they pretend to exprefs their exceeding
“to the Deceafed;' who elfe would, fay love
they, be eaten by the Worms and ror
“« wherefore they rather chufe to eat them, ,
that they may receive the nourifhment
“« themfelves. - | | |
The fame Author relates alfo, That he
faw a Tapayan yield up the Ghoft not far
from the Caftle Rio Grande,‘ after which
his neareft Relations taking the Body,
wafh’d the fame} together with the Entr
ails, and cutting the Corps into fevéral
pieces, roafted the-fame on a Spit, ‘preferv
ing the Fat that dropt from it in Pans,
and tat the Flefh with agreedy Appetite.
None were admitted to this Feaft but
his chief Relations; and that which they cou
ld not eat; as the Hair, Teeth, Nails,
and Bones, they burnt to A thes, which gather
ing up they mix’d with their Liquor
till ic was all drunk up.
The Religion
The Tapuyans acknowledge two Deities, the
of the Tapa- one good and the other bad, to
yams, the good they fhew no Reverence
, becaufe, fay they, he is bountiful of
doth them no hurt ; whereas onthe con himfelf, and
trary they zealoufly call upon their Dey
Deity, beca ufe they think he deftroys all thofe who worlhi il-
Their fore-
They never Travel nor goto War before p him-not, »
telling of
they have confulted with their angry
things to
God, and that not without great Ceremonies;
come,
whereupon they afctibe to theme
felves the knowledge of future things, and
indeed they often foretel future things
which are beyond humane apprehenfion ,
as a teftimony whereof that may ferve
which Sapo dmama, a Friezland Gentleman,
found by experience : for he keepin
Guard before'Conjabu with a Troop of Hor
fe againft the Portucte/e, had feveral 'Ta-
puyans in his Service, who foretold, Tha
t the following day the Lieutenant Ama
and a Trooper fhould be kill’d bya Shot froma mé
great Gun ; which;though lighted,
was confirm’d by the exa& fulfilling ofthe Pre
di@ion. ‘The Tike Paffagesthapned
daily, and amongft many Arciffeusky relates one
very remarkable Accident, viz.
He remov'd a confiderable number of Men
out of the Garrifon Rio Grande, to fur-
prize the Spanifh Fort Barra-~(ahium, and
nothing could more promote the Defign
than fecrecy ; but fifty Tapuyans having joyn’d
with the Fiillanders, Arciffeusky feax’d
| they
 Chap. VII. AMER IC 4. 4.93
they might difcover his Plot, wherefore he charg’d themthattheyfhould notftira = -
foot from his Company; whichthey accordingly promis’d, and having march’d
three days through By-ways, they daily perform’d their Devotion in open view,
and Arciffeusky defir'd that they would call-him when their Devil appear’d, which
they granted, on promife that he fhould not do him any burt : On:the third day
the Army ‘being fufficiently refrefh’d, he being call’d, found .the Tapayans fitting in
a Semi-Circle, with their Feet {pread afunder.; oppofice ro them fat their Prieft
on the Ground, whom they ask’d concerningall, manner of Affairs, and he, quefti-
on’d them again, on.which they gave their feveral Anfwers, but could not be uns
derftood for want of Interpreters,
for thofe whom the Hollanders us’d fjpake only two
Languages, one of which is us’d commonly by the Brajilians along.the Sea-Coaft,
and the other by the, Portuguefe,' in which they Interpreted to the Hollanders as much
as poffibly they could underftand of what the Tapuyans faid; whofe Language dif.
fers very, much from the vulgar Brafile. Tongue, becaufe they live up in the Inland,
and are divided into divers Tribes, fo. that the, Interpreters. could not underftand
_ the Tapuyans, ,but,judg’d their, meaning more by nodding of the. Head,, and the like
figns.: after; the Aflembly had done: {peaking, che Prieft rofe up and went out of
their fights into the Wood, where with a loud voice hecall’d three times upon the
Devil; but-he not anfwering, the Prieft. return’d to,his Company, who began
their Queftions and Anfwers afrefh, which could not be underftood by. the Inters
preters;, and foon after the Prieft ({eeming to be commanded by the reft) went
again to the Wood, but calling ftillin vain, .return’d ; then going a third time, dnd
calling as before, was bya fmall, but fhrill Voice, anfwer’d from the middle of
the Wood, from which the Tapayans concluded that. their BufinefS would come,to
perfection, and that the Devil would foon appear tothem: The Prieft hereupon
going backwards and. forwards three times one after another to. his Company,
they began to talk as before; atlaft going into the Wood again, they all {poke
louder, and with more vehemency than before, whileft the foré#mention’d fhrill
Voice approached nearer and nearer,and at laft the fuppofed Damon-came forth with
the Prieft, who commanded him to, fit oppofite to the Congregation, which had
+ agreat deal of Difcourfe, and fometimes the, Prieft {peaking was anfwer'd by
the Devil in his fhrill Voice; but fome of the People calling aloud, catch’d up
their Arms, and threatned to beat the Devil, as they often us’d to do upon the like
occafions. At the departure of the Demon, the Multitude conduéted. by the Prieft
into the. Wood, cry’d out in fo terrible a manner, that they affrighted the Hollan-
ders, who judg’d it rather to be Lyons and Tygers that roar’d than Men. During
thefe Tranfaétions, a German Soldier in the Rere quitted his Arms and fled, but
being mifs'd was putfu'd, found in a Hedge, and laid Hold on as a Perfon fufpected
to carry Advice to the Spaniards, and being brought before Arciffeusky and Exami-
ned, gave fuch ridiculous Anfwers as increas‘d the fufpicion, infomuch that he
wasled toa Tree to be tortur’d; whereas he ftood ty’d he folemnly declar’d, That
the reafon of his running away, was becaufe he had not Pray’d in ten years, fothat
he was exceedingly afraid, left when he faw the Devil amongft the Tapuyans, he
would have known him, and carry’d him away.to the Place prepar’d for all fuch
Wretches. : ;
The Learned Gerard Vo/sins made, a particulat Enquiry after this Story, whether 7H impo:
the Spirit’s appearance were a Reality, or an Impofture; and the truth is it was no
better thanafubtile Cheat, and fo it was apprehended by Arciffensky, who not long
after, on aconvenient time, ask’d the Tapuyans why they feign’d him to be a Devil
that was a Man, whom he had often feen before ? which they denying, affirm’d
| eee Las that
 AMERICA. Chap. VIf.
that it waga real Devil ,but Arciffewky knew their pretended Friend, who {pake fo
fhrill by reafon of a Grafsblade which he held in his Mouth. However, though
the main of the Fable was acted by Man, yet the Devil without doube playd his
part with them, as appear’d by thofe Predictions, which no Man could poflibly
know, viz, That the Portuguefe Fort fhould with the lofs but of three Men fall in-
to the Piolkanders hands; for -fo accordingly it hapned. But becaufe the Devil can-
not forefee all things, therefore-they often erré ; for they faid that the Hollanders
fhould crofs the Moat on Boards nail’d together inftead of a Bridge, and that the
Enemy fhould not perceive it; and indeed Arciffewsky had refolv’d fo todo, but
-was difcover’d by the Portuguefe, who defended themfelves with great Guns, which
fo affrighted the Tapuyans, not usd to fuch a noife, that they ran away and never
return’d, fo that-by Morning the Fort was conquer’d, and all things quieted.
After this Arciffensky burnt feveral Portuguefe Ships in the River Monguoape, and
kept one,carrying ten Demi- Culverins, laden with Sugar and Spanifh Wine ;which
to carry to a fafe Harbor a fhort Way, he requir’d the Tapayans afliltance: bunt
they refus'd toenter, pretending the Ship would perifh by fome otf other iiifortiic
nate Accident, which accordingly hapned as they had faid;for the Ship was fplit
againft a Rock in the Mouth of a narrow Haven, infOmiseh that nothing of it was
fav’d ;all which the Fapnyans knew beforehand bythe Devil’s information, for they
never ‘go upon any Bufinefs of confequence before they have confulted with him,
and done him worfhip. ‘Yet, it feers, they cannot fecure this Devil of diets
A pleat from the Stripes of a Mortal, as appears by this pleafant Story: A Tapuyan Prieft
owendvaifeWAS promis’da Shirt from Arciffeasky, upon condition the Devil fhould pull the
Ten fame out of his Handand carry it up in the Air >The Tapujan liking the Propofal;
wiki promis’d immediately to calt the Devil, but when Arciffensky defir’d leaveto Drub
hint with 'a Stick’ which he had ia hig! Hand, he could by fio meatis perfwade’
the Prieft to call for his Demon; at which every one began to laugh:\and to carry
on the Mirth farther , Arciffeusky Joking with the Prieft, faid, I will fhew you that Iam
avgreater Artift than you, for to Morrow I will bringit about bymy Art, that great Horns fhall
grow on your Heid, fo big, that you hall not be able to pal? thee Doors ;which f afe
frighted the Tapuyans, that all of them fled, onely the Prieft retuen’d the next day
with an Interpreter to Arciffewsky, defiring ‘ith that he would ufe him mercifully,
and not caufe any Horns to grow on his Head.
Atthe time when Jacob Rabbi convers’d amongft the Tapayans, they were Go-
vern’d by Fanduy, a Man of above a hundred years old, whole chief Seat was on
each fide of the River Ot/ehunogh, and round about the Lake Igtug, in which none
durft Swim, becaufe of the many biting Fifhes in the fame.
The King Pritigaba having entred into a ftrié& League with Janduy, Wart'd con-
tinually againft the Kings Arygpoygh, Wanafewa/uy, Tihering, and Dremenige. and had
not the Portague/e taken the four laft into their Service to aid them againft the Hole
landers, they could never have held out long againft the Forces fent by Janduy, who
deftroy‘d Man, Beaft, and Houfes,{paring nothing they met with ; for pie: murther
and deftroy all thitigs where e’re they come.
Brafe by The feveral Nations that now poffefs Brajile, befides its native Inhabitants, are
fivex pre- Portugue/e, Englifh, Hollanders, Germans, and Fresche which the Brajilians by a general
Name call Ajaruejuba; Stlicrwite they call all Strangers Caraiba ot Pero. But from
the commixing offeveral Nations proceeds a fifth fort, forone that is born of Ex-
ropean Parents in Brajileis call’d Mozombo , of an Feline Father and Brafilian Mo-
ther, Mamelac . of an European Father dnd: a Moor, Mulatto; of a Brafilian and Moor,
Curiboca, or Cabocles ; of two Negro's, Cri, But above allothers the Portuguefe are
the
Chap VIR / AME ROTC A | maint
the'ftrongeft along the Sea- Coaft, who when firit they began to fertle on Brafile,
found great refiftance ;and had not the Natives been at Wars amongft themifelves,
they could never have |got fo much footing , but now they are fufficiently Matters;
for they have either flain all che old ihdbieancs, or driven them up into the Inland:
However, the Brafilians are fo valiant, that they will Encounter a great Army, be-
ing brought up in the Warsfrom their Cradle. When they Engage one with an-
other they fhoot their Arrows exceeding thick, Hooting, Hollowing, and Leaping
from one fide to the other to fhun the Arcows with a wonderful dexterity:.The
Conquerors {pare none, but kill all, and Feaft on the flain Bodies, but fome they
hale away Prifoners with a Rope abeut their Nécks, ‘toeach of whom they allot
a young Maid, who cherithes and fattens them up for five Moneths, at the end of
which they tttalee a great Feaft,and drink to 2 pitch beyond Senfe or Roitun: having
firft fill’d their Bellies with the Flefh of the flain Prifoners roafted. If the Woman
be got with Child by the Slain, they imagine that they cantake no greater revenge
of their Enemy, than to devour the Child as foon asit comes into the'World, bur
it often happens, that the Woman really loving het Husband the Prifoner, ‘rung
away with him, and fo. wa Ag her Friends ofa Banquet.
ub gais oad | ” ali: Il.

Lasvali srs mor iqiGteW mneent.

7 papas which the Portugnefe have maintain’d againft the Brafi-
lians, have hindred them from Setling any where but along the Sea-fide,
where their Refidences are divided into thirteen Prafectures or Lordthips,
bythem call’d Capitanias :the Southermoft whereof being’ 1. St. Vincent, hath a City i. pce
of the fame Denomination, which liesnear'a River that coming out of the Ocean were
runs round in the Countrey, and fo'returns ito the Sea. pene
2. Santto$ los Leyes, which reckons four hundred Houfes and three Sugar-Mills.
Here great Ships cake in their Lading in the middle of the Cicy.
- 3. Hitanhacin , the moft Southern, is inhabited by ‘the Portugue/e. Twelve
Leagues ftom tenes up into the Countrey the Jefnits have. buile the Village
St. Paulo, near the Gold-Mines that lie in the Mountains, extending from Eaft to
Weft thirty Leagues. This Village, long fince containing eighty Houfes, is inha-
bited by Brafilians and a mix’d People ; the Way thither is troublefom, over rough —
Mountains, and Ways overgrown with Brambles.
On the Ifland Britioga; at a fandy Inlet which makes a good Harbor, lies a Fort
for defence of the Haven St. Vincent : and fince the Englifh, Anno 1582. funk a Ship
there, a fecond Fort hath been built to prevent the coming in upthe River; yer
cocwithifundiag Caprain Thomas Candif ran by both the Forts, and burnt Se. Vincent,
but fpar’d Sanétos.
Before the River which wafhes St. Vincent, appears the land Sebaftian, pretty
large, wooddy, and well ftor’d with Venifon ; It hath wholfom Water,good Her-
bage, and a fecure Road for Ships againft all Winds. :
Farther into the Sea appears the high and.rocky Ifles Alcatraces, asalfo Viélorio
des Bufires, Porto des Caftellanos, Monte de Frigo, Muella, and Queimadas.
The Natives of St. Vincent, which are in League viet the Portuguefe, ate call’d of3° theagaTupi-
.
(28.N~-.
Tupinikinfi, inhabiting the Mountains which extend above twenty eight Leagues up tives of Sr, |
into the Countrey : They maintain continual Wars againft the (aries, a civiliz’a "“"" ¥,
People, and white of Complexion, as alfoagainft the Cvpin Imbas on the North,
sae
 496 AMERICA. Chap. VIL.
and a namelefs People bordering on Peru. Moreover, the Miramumins, a very wild
People, range all the Countrey over, but are much leffen’d fince the Portuguefes
Arrival.

SECT. {If

Rio de Janeiro.

Ff Dies He fecond Lordthip Rio de Faneiro, formerly by the French call’d Ganabara,
very and Pof-
fefion of Ris was difcover’d Anno.1515. by Juan Dias de Solis; but the French firft Setled
de Jantiro.
themfelves here forty yearsafter Dias de Solis: for fetting Sail from Havre
de Grace with three well Mann’d Ships, Commanded by Nicholas Durandus Villes
gagnon, they arriv’d at Rio Janeiro in November, and at the Entrance into the River,
which is about half a League broad, built a woodden Fort of a hundred Foot long,
and fixty broad, and giving it the Name of the French Admiral Coligni, put feveral
by two fteep Moun.
Guns into the fame to fecure the Entrance, inclos’d on each fide
tains. Inthe River,which is very broad, lie feveral wooddy Ifles, on one of which,
near the Fort (oligni, Villegagnon Setling himfelf, fuffer’d great Inconveniences for
want of Water,becaufe he durft not Land on the Main,for fear of being furpris'd by,
the Natives. Here he ftay’d a year and ahalf in a deplorable Condition, when
Philip Corguileray and DuPont fet Sail with three Ships from the Haven Hlonfleurs ;
but they alfo, though they had many Men, yet wereill ftor’d with Provifions, in.
fomuch that Hunger increas’d amongft them daily ; wherefore Villegagnon return’d
home without any farther Exploits. | Feestell
Jean Leri, who went with Corguileray, defcribes Rio Janeiro after this manner :
eee tert a The River (faith he) lies twenty three Degrees Southward of the Equinottial
thereot, —¢ Tine s the Inlet of the Sea, twenty four thoufand Paces broad, and in fome places
‘broader, ishemm’d in by hills; the Mouth of the Inlet is fomewhat dangerous,
“ by reafon of three rocky Ifles ;beyond the large Bay is a narrow Channel, on the
“‘Jeftehand whereof there rifes a high Mountain, which the French call’d Le
«Pot de Beure, becaufe it refembles a Butter-pot. Somewhat farther lies the Rock.
“ Ratier, where Villegagnon thought to build a Fort, but the Water in ftormy Wea-
‘¢ ther wafhing over the Rock,he was fore’d to give over his Defign. Half a League
« farther is an Ifland athoufand Pacesin length, and a hundred and fifty in breadth,
< furrounded with Rocks, on which the French refided: at each end of the Ifle rifes
“a Hill, and from the middle a Rock fixty Foot high ; on the Hill Villegagnon pitcht
“ his Tent till he had built him ahandfom Houfe on a Rock,the other Houfes were
‘built in the Valley. Three Leagues and a half farther lies a fruitful Ifle nine
“Miles in circumferertce, inhabited by a falvage People call’d Towoebinambauti :
“there are feveral other Ifles, on which breed good Oyfters with little Pearls,
‘which ftick fo faft to great Stones, that they can fcarce be pluckt off. The River
“‘ Janeiro abounds with Fifh, : | | |
— *Tows and The French once poffels'd this Iland, but were difpoffefs’d by Emanuel de Sa,
chief note. Governor of Brajile, for the Portugue/e. |
The City Sebaftian, which contains three hundred Houfes, is built on the Sou-
thern Point of Janeiro; oppofite to which, on the Northern Point, lies the Fort;
a large Church, the Je/uits Cloyfter, and two Sugar-Mills, give no {mall luftre to
the City, where the chief Trade confifts in Brafile Wood and Cotton, The French
Storm’d this Town Anno 1581. but march’d off without any fuccels. Dirk Ruiters,
an Eye-witnefs, gives us this Defcription of Sebajtian : | PAAR 4g
<r « The
 Chap. VI; AMER IC A, | 497
‘The Town (fays he) liestwo Leagues up the River Faticiro, ina
Bay, about
“which it is built like a Semi-Circle in a fandy Soil along the Water, and
is about
‘fa Mile long; at each end rife fleep Mountaias, befides which it
hath neither
“* Walls nor Gates ; but its flrength confifts of four Forts, th@@hiefeft
whereof
‘, ftands towards the Eaft on a Rock in the Mouth of the River ; the fecon
d to-
“ wards the Weft, an Ifle which on the South-Eaft’ rifes with a Mountain
refem.
“bli a Sugar
ng -Loaf: the third crowns a Rock South-Eaft from the Town; and
‘the fourth, in the North« Weft, a high Mountain. The Natives, call’d Tououpia
“ nambautiare
, very ferviceable to the Portugue/e. baeD.
Befides the fore-mention’d Towns Coligni and’ St. Schuftian, fome make
mention
of another in this Prefecture, call’d Angra de los Reyes, twelve Leagues diftan
t from
St. Sebaftian Weftward: .
The Burroughs of the Natives are populous, but neither ftrong by Natur
e, nor
fortifi’d, and fo not by any one thought worthy the namin g

Sazct1r lV,

De Spiriro Sancto.
N& to Rio Janeiro lies the Lordfhip or County De Spirito Sanéto, exceed
ing Delcriptio n
) +.
fruitful, een
having ;
divers Woods .
abounding with Ms . .
Venifon. The Rivers thip of the Lord<
De spi
~ Parayva, Manangea, Itapemeri, Iritibi, and Guarapari, are ftor’d with all forts vito Santo,
Several
of Fith, and amongft others the Fith Piratiapua, which in the Winter Moneths. lives et Ai
in the Rivers, and againft the Summer returns to the Rocks wath’d by the Ocean,
This Fith hatha wide Mouth full of Teeth, a reddith Tongue, little Fins, except
thofe on their Backs, divers colour’d Scales, yet moft of adark Red, and generally
weighs fifty Pound. e )
_ Here is alfo the Fith Paru, full of yellow. Scales like Half-Moons over a black
Skin ; it hath long Fins near the Tail, and a little Head.
No lefs remarkable isthe Gaebucu, which hath along Body, a fharp bonie Snout,
the upper Jaw reaching over the other, no Teeth, a Tail divided in the middle,
{harp Fins on the Back, and:a Skin full of Silver-colour’d Prickles. This Montter
not oncly devours great Fifhes, but alfo Men, when it is hungry it often runs its
Snout through the fide of a Ship.
Butthereisno Fifh more deform’d than the Abacatuaja, which being oval and
flat, hath, two long Fins underneath, and one on the top, a divided Tail, green
Fins, a {mooth Skin, and fiery Eyes ; as foon as it is taken it cries like a Hog.
In this County ftands a Town of the fame Denomination, which contains two
hundred Houfes, a Sugar-Mill, aud a Cloyfter of Jefuits, and drives a great Trade
in Cotton and Brafile Wood. Before the City lies an Inlet full of Ifles, the Mouth
of which is guarded by a Caftle. The Natives, call’d Maigaias, are in League with
the Portuguese, but the Tapuyans and Apiapetangas do them all the mifchief they can
pofibly,; fo that-the Portugue/e travel.in great danger of their lives, when any Bufis
nefs calls them, through the Countrey of thefe falvage People. But befides thefe :

People; the Way-is pefter’d with ftrange wild Beafts, e[pecially on the Mountain
Meftre. Alvaro; which is feen at a great diftance offat Sea, on which, amongft other |
Creatures, breeds the terrible Serpent Boiguacn, whofe length is generally twenty T t

four Foot ; it is of an Ath colour, with great and {mall black Spots, with a little
:
o1guacs, : :

_ White Speck in themiddle ; when hungry, it leaps out of the Hedges, or from the if
tops. of Trees, taifes it felf upright on its Tail, and winding about ejther Man, ;
5 “eG Bune 7 jag =.Beakt,-
a
a ‘yr .
at asi
 AMERICA. Ghap. VII.
Beaft, or whate’re it be, fqueezes it to death, or puts its Tail, which ends in a fharp
Point or Sting, in at the Fundament in fuch a manner,that ickills the Creature on
which it feizeth in a moment, and then fwallows it up. This Serpent hath ftrong
Ribs inwardly, @hd more than: feventy bonie Joynts ;wherefore it turns it felf
with greateafe ;the Joynt-bones near the Head are the biggelt, andigiow fmaller’
and {maller rowardé the Tail: It alfo feeds on1 Pifmires.'
‘The Bird Fa-
ticw-guacn.
This County alfo breeds the Bird Jabicu-guacu, which exceeds theGrane’in big-
wee
nefs, andhath a jong:thick Bill, bur no Tongue; ‘onhi | Head‘appears a whitegrifly
Creft or Mitre; the Wings and Tailare fhortyand the]Feathers moft of them white,
except the Pinions, which fhine like Rubies :scheirF mes a good rellith, but
fomewhat dry. Cs hess! xs .
Near the River which wathes the City sprSaath,theParsibes dvvelliin Huts,
not ufilike Ovens.
fa.

Seen v..

Porto Seguro. ea
De&ription
of Porto Se-
Pedro
Ext to “ Reatncetienia County borders PortaNise alee dby.
gure,
N “Alvares Capralis, who. gave this Countrey the Name of Terra de Santa Cruiz,
but afterwards chang’d itto Porto Seguro, becaufe he found a fecure Harbor
there. The Town, built on the top of a white Rock, gives its Denomination to
the whole Countrey, and harbor'd long fince two hundred and twenty Families,
and hath five Sugar-Mills. The Land on the North fide of the Rock rifes high, but
Southwardly a {mooth Coaft runs along the Ocean, from'which two Leagues off
at Sea lie feveral Cliffs, againft which the Waves bedak with a great force. _
The Towns Santa (ruiz and Amaro are leftdefolate, becaufe the Portuguefe were
continually Invaded by the-falvage’ Aymures, whom “- were not able by any
means to repre(s.
Southward from Porto Seguro appear the Shoals irilbed twentyfix Leagues Wein
the Coaft ; they are of one breadth, but one is'longer than the other.
~Remakable
‘Wreckof the
On this Coaft the Ship Batavia was caft away Anno 1629. which Accident is the
Ship Batavia more remakable for the Murdersscommitted by the Faétor, Hieronymus, Cornelif-
z00n; who with fome Confederates refolv’d to run away with the Ship, and'to Sail
to fome Spanifh Haven, or Dunkirk, and foto pillage the Netherland Veflels ;but their
Defign was fruftrated ‘by the Ships running againft the Abrolbos: Francis: Pe l/aert,
chief Commander, firft caus’d the Sick, with the Women and Children, to be put
onan Ifland, or elfe on two Rocks about three Leagues diftant ford the place
where the: hip lay, in;which remain’d feventy Men, whom Pel/aert in vain endea-
vor'd to carry away ; for the’Sea was fo rough that 4 Boat was not able to abide
in the fame, andalfo the Storm beginning to increafe, beat the Ship more and more
againft the Sands, and the Seamen venturing towards the Ifle on pieces of Timber,
were fome pe d, others by the Waves,were driven afhore, amongft whom was
Fhteronymus Garndlfston, who preferv'd his Life twenty four hours on the Boltfprit
after the Ship was ftav'd ; but not terrifi’d with fuch an Accident, he continu’d in
his: fSrecmention’d; Refolution. On one of the Cliffs were forty: Perfons with
eighty Cans of Water, but on the Ifland a hundred and eighty with much lefs;
upon which Pelfaert, who when the Storm ceas’d, thought to fave fomewhat more
out of his Wrack, was neceffitated to feck for frefh Water on one of the faid Cliffs,
but not finding enough,trimm’d up his Boat and fet Sail homeward, from thencéto
fetch
 Chap. VII. AMERICA,

wee. —_ —-
» : — = —— “
oo == ~— - <i e - x 4 . _, — _- — -
ee SAS
— — +

fetch anew ‘upply of Sectile’ During which time Cridepi perform’d his Vie corneieon
his villanous
lany ; for he chofe David of Zeevane, Gysbrecht Welderen; Coenraed Huiffen, Cornelis Pies Attempt,
terfzoon, Rutger Frederick{zoon, and ‘Hins Fleilwerk, for his Affiftants, befides feveral
others, and deftroy’d all the People on the Ifland, except five, who e{cap’d on pies
ces of Timber tothe Rock-where Weyber Hays Pélided with forty Men, who being
inform’d what the aforefaid Villains had done, prepar‘d for Felice |with fharp-
pointed Sticks, thofe People on the fecond Rock being alfo flain by Zeevang, who
{pared onely fome Women and feven Boys;after which Hieronymus (ornelifxoon took
Lucretia Jans for his Wife ;in like manner Huigfen took Judith Sebaftiaens ;the remains
ing Women ferv’d the reftfor Concubines. Not long after twenty of them going
in Sloops, fell upon’ Weiber Fiays, who valiantly refifted them: but becaufe Hays’
Life was of great confequence, by reafon he might give notice of their AGtions to
to the Ship which was expected from Holland, and which they defiign’dtorun away
with, therefore they renew’d their Aflaule with fifteen Men more, and were again
beat off; wherefore they refolv’d to make a Peace, which Heronymus Cornelifxoon
promis - to ratifie the next day; neverthelefs rhak: Peace was but feigned, for
under pretence thereof they deliver’d Letters to feveral French Soldiers that were
under Hays’s Command, promifing each fix thoufand Guilders if they would joyn
with them; but they fhew’d the Letters to Higys, who keeping it fecret, that he
might draw.on Hieronymus (ornelifzoon, not miftrufting the Difcovery, to come thi-
ther at the appointed time, took him Prifoner, and caus’d Zeevang, Huiffen, Wel-
deren, and Cornelis Pieter[xoon to be put to death, ‘bt Wouter Loos making his efcape,
was chofen chief of the Rebels, who ventur’da Panel; Affault, but returning with-
out any effect left off making any farther Attempt. Mean white Pelfaert arriving
With the Sardam Frigat from Holland, {ent a Boat afhore, which by a little Skiff
difpatcht by Hays, was inform’d of all the Paffages; whereupon the Boat return-
ing, Pelfaert as he was putting himfelf into a pofture of Defence, efpy’d a Sloop co-
thing about the Southern Point of the Ifland, ‘in which were eleven of the Rebels
cladin Scarlet with Silver Lace, which making dire@ly towards the Ship, as foon
as
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
as they came up, Were commanded to throw away their Arms over-board ;which
having done, and coming aboard the Frigat, they were all put in Irons, as alfo
their remaining Party, and condemn’d to die.
Oppofiteto the Abrothos on the Main Coaft, a plain Countrey extends it felf
thirty Leagues in length, inhabited by the Opens a cruel People, who continu-
ally either deftroy one another, or elfe make fad flaughters amongft their Neigh-
bors.
The County Porto Seguro belongs to the Spanifh ene of Avero, butis very much
decay d.
sco THeRivers Mosturips, Carnvelas, and Puce breed abtindance of Water--Hogs
~_ call’d Capybara, which have fhort Feet, Briftlesand Ears, @ thick Body and Head,
with a bearded Snout, ‘befides two Tusks, and twenty font leffer Teeth in each
Jaw, but no Tail, they feed on. Grafs and Bufhes in whole Herds on the Shore,
-and makea terrible noife ; and though they: cannot run faft, id they dive aad
{wim extraordinary giiick.
The Tapive. "The Tapiirete alfo refembles a Hog, efpecially iin its Head and Feet, butisas big as
a Heifer of fix Moneths old, hath a Snout hanging over its under Lip, aMouth full
of Teeth, and on its Skin Biot and dark colout’d Hair. This Beat is very libidi-
nous, and inthe Nights fpoils the Fruit-Trees, efpecially the Sugar-Canes, but in
the Day-time it wis 16in Bhi: The Flefh. of a young Tapiierete taftes like
Beef,
Laftly, fig fobabicants of Porto Seguro are plentifully fupply’d with Rabbets,
and the more, becaufe there being divers forts of them, (fome fay five) they are tas
ken in great abicdanct, either in Traps, Snairs, or Gins, or by difcovering their
Holes ; for the Hunters ftopping the entrance Bethem, dig a Hole direétly over the
place white the Congy Jodge, and fo kill Se with long RIK:ANS in the
Ground.
Fivefatsof |), OP Chet ioati of Rabbets inn Braf le, the chiefeft call’d: Boat hath ry thick
Brafit. Head, little Ears, their fore- Feet bigger than their hhind:Feet. fhort, hard,and brown
Hair, fpeckled grey on the Sides, but.no Tail :. The Fleth af shiafort ofRabbets
is very delicate.
The fecond fort isthe Tupe/t, which being like a Hare amongft us, may as well
be accounted of that.kind.
The Agutirefembles our Rabbets, onely it hath harfh brown Hair, round Ears,
bald Feet, gruntles like a Hog, hath two Toes more on theirhind-Legs than on
the Eremots
The Cavia Cobaya, though Jefs than the Drie Rab beers excell aia in foft
and diyers- colour’ d Hair, diftinguifh’d by white, red, and black Spots; their Head
and Teeth refemble thofe of aRar, but it hath no Tail ;.No Rabbets can be made
tamer than thefe,and if carry’d to any remote Congerers breed as well there as in
Brafile.
The laftof all is i the Apared, which differs tatesin running from a Hare, as alfo
in reffpect of the Head and Beard, harbors. more in rent Cliffs than in fandy
Ground. -
TheTree The Soil of Porto Seguro bears two forts ofBila Trees, vizs the Tucum and Airis
the Tucum hath fmall Boughs full of prickly Leaves, and a fruit not unlike the Das
mask Prune,hanging iin Clufters of three or four hundred.together,and being excel-
lent Food to fatten Hogs and Apes; alfo when prefs‘d yielding a clear Oyl, which
is highly efteem’d: the Fruit when ripe grows black without, and, within hath a
white Kernel : of the Leaves the Brafilians {pin fine and ftrong’Thred.
The
Chap. VII. AMERICA, Ore,

“The Airi grows much higher than the'Tucum; and hath alfo longer Leaves, a
Body full of fharp Thorns, and a round Fruit full of white and oylie Pulp, but nor
heavy and black, finks. in| the Water, and the Brafilians °
eatable, the Wood hard,fame. | |
make their Clubsof the
Along the Rivers flie the Birds Cocos, refembling Herons, though in beauty they rhe nica
rags
far exceed them ; they have but little Flefh, long fharp Bills, ofa yellowifh green
colour, and curious Crefts of Feathers on their Heads, which fall back over their
Necks ; their Flefh when young is delicate. :

S £ CT. VI.

Los IMleos.
forcall’d from its chief ogee:
YExt Porto Seguro borders the Countrey Los Ifleos,
s, (or perhaps by this* +“?
Town, which confifts of ahundred and fifty Houfe
s; anda
time many more) eight Sugat-Mills, a Cloyfter forthe Jefuit
Provifions in lite
Church. The Inhabicants live by Tillage, and Tranfporting of
| |
tle Barks to Pernambuco.
n of Jfleos, lies a
Seven Leagues farther in the Countrey , beyond the Tow
namelefs Lake three Leagues long, as many broad, and above ten Fathom deep,
es abundance
and full of the Fifth Manati, which are very large and well tafted, befid
of Crocodiles ; and in windy Weather the Water is as rough as if it- were in the
a Boat can
Ocean. Out of this Lake flows a River by a Paflagefonartow, that |
fearce pafs through thefame.
Round about this River live the Guaymures, the moft falva ge People of all Ame-
; carry exceeding great Bowes
rica ; they ate of a Gigantick fize, have white Skins
Mans-flefh like Tygers,hever
and Agrows, live without Houfes like Beafts devour
or Beaft ; they
Fight in Companies or Armies, but watch to furprize a fingle Man
the River
alfo'eat their own Children, and poffefs’d formerly all che Land. from:
Aaa St. Fran-
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
St. Francifco to the Promontory Frio ; but beaten from thence by the Tupinambas and
Tupinachias, they went to the County Los Ifleos, which they Invaded in fuch a man-
ner, that the Portuguefe were not onely forc’d to leave feveral Sugar-Mills, but alfo
the whole Countrey.

Sect. VIL

Bahia de Todos los Sanctos.

Situation and N* to I/leos borders Bahia de Todos los Sanétos, belonging to the Portuguefe.
Defcription
of Tedos ‘los The Inlet which borrows its Denomination from all the Saints, gives
Sanélos,
Name to this eminent County. The Bay great and wide, and in the
middle from twelve to eighteen Fathom deep, lies in thirteen Degrees Southward
of the Equinoétial Line. The Coaft rifes white along the Sea fide. The Current ac-
cording to the courfe of the Sun runs fix Moneths towards the South, and as many
- towards the North. The opening of the Inlet is on the South,but it flows up Nor- —
therly, and contains two Leagues and a halfin breadth ; feveral freth Rivers dif-
charge their Waters into the fame : The utmoft-and biggeft Ifland Tuperica breaks
off the Waves which come rowling in from the Ocean. Thofe that Sail into the
fame muft have the Ifland on their left Hand, andthe Main Coaft on their right,
which is known by a Promontory, on which the Fort Antonio, and the old City
Villa Veja ave built, near a little Bay with'a Foreland on the North, from which the
Main Coaft circling like a Half-Moon ends near the Point Tapagipe, which juts
out from Babia Todos los Sanétos. ‘The Caftle Tapefiepe ftands on the utmoft Point,
where the Countrey winding towards the Eaft makes the Inlet larger, from
whence a narrow Channel runs up into the Countrey, and there makes a Lake
which extends North and-South: from the Mouth of the Lake the Coaft reaches
Northward to the River Pitanga, which comes gliding out of the Eaft, and in its
Paffage receives feveral Streams, on whole Banks ftand divers Sugar-Mills. From
Pitanga the Coaft extends a League Northward, then Wefterly with a crooked
Elbow, in whofe circumference lie two namelefs Ifles clofe under the Shore ; this
Elbow ends in a blunt Point, about half aLeague from which lies the Ifland Mare,
a League long, in the Mouth of the River Pitanga. ‘Tothe Northward.from hence
a River difembogues in the faid Inlet. More Southerly appears Monks-I/le, from
whence the Coaft extends it felf Northerly, where feveral Iflands appear at an
exact diftance from the Coaft ; the firft beyond the fore-mention’d blunt Pointe,
is Birapebiara ; the next, which lies clofer to the Shore, Porto Madero; next comes in
view along Ifland in the Mouth of a River, from whence the Countrey extends
Weftward, and fronts the Ifland De Fuentes, as doth alfo the River Tumbaria, which
comes out of the North, but empties it felf witha crooked Arm near the reft ; from
hence the Coaft with two little Bays runs North-Weft to the Stream Gerefipe, in
whofe Mouth,which is pretty large,appear three Ifleson a row, the utmoft whereof
is call'd (araibe, the middlemoft Pycca, the innermoft hath no Name, but divides
the River into two Channels ;from hence the Coaft bends with feveral Inlets, in-
to which fall divers Rivuletstowards the South, from the River Cachoera, full of lit-
tle Ifles, oppofite to which ftand feveral Sugar-Mills. Againft Cachoera appears the
Ifland Meve, and more Southerly Taperica, between the fharp Point Tapagipe and
the Caftle Antonio. Near the fore-mention’d the City St. Salvador was built by Tho-
mas de Sofa, who weighing Anchor from Lisbon, Anmo 1549. Landed. fafely neat
Villa Veja,
and about half a League from thence pitch’d upon a Hill, and took order
| a) forthwith
 ==o
SS
——— - ——- eee $< Oe eee a=— = SR
:= --
—
ee =
Oe a a = — — ————
— ee —
= vi VCORE?
piapseaa
 Chap. VII. HMERITCA
forthwith for the erecting of his new City there, giving to each of his Followers a
place to build on: the Je/uits chofe. the large Plain where at prefent ftands the
Church Confecrated to the Virgin Mary; the Names of the {aid Je/uits were Juan
xpilcueta, Antonio Pireo, Leonardo Nonnio, Didaco Jacobeo, Vincentio Roderigo, and Emanuel
Nobrega ; whileft the common People fet themfelves to the building of Dwelling.
houfes: But when Jobn the Third, King of Portugal, fent a Prieft thither to Teach
: ’

in the new Church of Maria, the fore-mention’d Jefuits remov’d from thence to a
: }
:

i}
:

high Hill, which they call’d Ihe Mountain Calvarien, whither divers Brafilians came :
|
:
:

flocking, and pitch’d their Tents about the Cloyfter, admiring their ftrange Neigh- \ }

'
:

bors. , | | | = oa :
:

When Sofa Landed .on the fore-mention’d Shore, the Portuguefe had but little ;
|

footing on America; for their Plantations at Ijleos, St. Vincent, Pernambuco, Villa Veja,
bi!
' /
:

Itamaraca, and Porto Seguro, difcover’d by Pedro Alvares Capralis, Anno 1500. were run '
| :

all to-ruine. . | | Bie | | :

:
i

;
i} |

Befide the City St. Salvador and the decay'd Town Villa Veja, the City Paripe
:
/
: :
: /

lies three Leagues farther into the Countrey, confifting of three thoufand Families,
if!

TH ’

and eighteen Sugar-Mills: The Countrey ‘about the fame produces plenty of
:
|
:

Cotton. wey s < pty |

: |
:
: -

| :

The Ifland Taperica, whichis pretty large, hath a fertile Soil for the produétion /

it

of Tobacco, and Grafs to fatten Cattel : The Inhabitants boyl much Train-Oyl
:
:

of the Whales, which come afhore there in confiderable numbers. |

:
’ :
Tih

ah })
Twelve Leagues Southward from St. Salvador appears the Village Cacocheira, fot ‘
|

merly, belonging toa rich Portuguefe; who took great pains in reforming the fal-
Tt Lt
| i
y f

yage People Guaymures to a civil Life; but feeing he profited bur little, he caus’d
\
:
{ :

great Companies of them to be remov'd to Taperica, that they might do lefs mif-
: |

i :
. ;
’

chief, where the unufual and unwholfom Air kill’d them all in a fhort time.
Pit :
’ ry
| |

The Lordfhip Bahia hath abundance of SugareMills, which are either turn’d by :
:
,
|
|
’

the Water, or drawn by Oxen. : 3

|
-

Wh |]

The Sugar-Ganes, by the Brafilians call'd Viba ot Tacomarce,orow better in a clayie

th i

‘ |
iL) [

and fat Soil, over which the Rivers flowing leave their Mud, than on High-lands,
|
|
| *
| hy

Hills, or Mountains; they are Planted after this manner: They firft plough their
’
- | :
’

Fields, weed them, and make Holes at an exa& diftance one from the other, into —
|
“Th iv}
'
: a .
‘ a) i

which they plant their Canes in fuch a manner, that the tops touch one another.
: ’
te
mis
Fn
:
7 :
a i]
The Holes before mention’d require more Earth to fill chem in Summer than in ;
“4
hh |
i)
’
:

Winter, that the violent Heat of the Sun may not dry up the Root, and that the iva iq pia
ty /

Rain may-the freelier come at them to moiften them, for the more moifture they
Biel
4

’ ia ‘ {

have, the better they grow ; they attain to their full ripenefs in ten, or atmoft in
: iy
L/ Ae

twelve Moneths; February and March being the two laft Winter Moneths, are ac-
ve
:
:

counted the beft to Plant in, becaufe the Earth foftned by Rains, fuffers the Root
to fhoot forth the better. The ripe Canes being cut off, are left in the Field till the
following Year ; during which time new Canesgrowing, are often ground in the
Mill wich the old ones ;but if they ftand two years, then the {weet Liquor dries
up, and the Cane withers. The young Plants carefully planted in good Ground
may laft forty, nay fifty years ; but in a barren Soil they fet new every five years.
Sometimes in great Droughts and extraordinary hot Seafons, the Canes are {corcht
to nothing, which being burnt in the Winter, the Afhes ferve to Dung: the Ground; —
and fo in like manner when the Water, overflowing the Fields, drowns the young
Plants. In moift Grounds the black«wing’d Worm, call’d Guirapeacopa, (by the Pore the worm
tuguefe nam’d Pao de Galeuba) gnawsthe Roots in fuch amanner, that the Canes
die, and fometimes it happens alfo that the Weeds choak the young Plants
Ea." cs Aaa 2 wherefore
 -

The manner wherefore the Ground is to be weeded four times a year, till {uch time as the Canes
of making
Sugar in the are {trong enough to bear againft the Weeds: they cut off the: ripe Canes at the
Suyar-~
™™ lowermoft Joynt, and, all the Leaves being firft pull’d off, tie them up in Bundles,
and bring them to the Mills, which confift of three great Iron Bars, between
which the Canes are {queez’d. The Water-Mills are turn’d
by the force of the Wa-
ter, which in great Gutters led from high Mountains falls with exceeding force ins
to Pools made for that purpofe ; after which manner, though they wind the Canes
much fafter, yet they get not fo much Sugar as when they grind them in the Mills
turn’d by Cattel : The places through which the Juice runs muft be cleans’d twice
in twenty four hours; the Canes putin behind between the firft Bar, are turn’d
into the fecond, and thence into the third, which fucceffively {queezes out all the
; remaining Juice: The Canesthus prefs’d, ferve for Fewel to burn ; but they con-
ftantly keep fuch a great Fire both Night and Day, that befidesthofe prefs’
d Canes,
they burn forty Fathom of Wood in twenty four. hours, infomuch that whole
Woods are confum’d in afhorttime: The Liquor, nam’d Caldo, runs along wood.
den Gutters into great Kettles, in which it is boyl’d, but if it happen to be over-
boyl’d they put Water amongft it, whereby it becomes excellent Food for Horfes ;
then they put the Liquor into a {econd Kettle, where it is boyl’d afrefh, and alfo
{cumm’d ; and for the better:cleanfing of it, Lime-Juyce and other things are put
amongft it ; then they ftrein it through Clothes, and give the Drofs which remains.
in.the fame to the Slaves, which work for half a year together Night and Day like
Horfes. The Drofs mix’d with Water makes alfo good Wine. Out of the great
Kettles, by the Portuguefe call’d Caldero de Mellar, the Caldo runs into the leflet nam’d
Tachas, where it is boyl’d a third time, and continually ftirr’d till it comes to be
thick like a Syrrup, and at laft to the confiftence of Sugar: Ic may be accounted
amongft the Myfteries of Nature, that while the Sugar boyls in the Tachas, which |
are the little Kettles, they muft drop Oy! amongft the Liquor, which if they fhould,
do whileft it is in the great Kettel, the Liquor would notturn to the confiftence of
Sugar;as on the contrary, ifthey fhould put their Lye into the little Kettles as they
3 | do
 SIX |Laas
J , qvee
Sosa
TT TT
il
is Oh M
vr
—_

**p, 24
(Rea
=O
: Melina Te
o.y raa\

a
A y
ue aeettt|
<se@lintg
 Chap. VII “AMERICA. ee Tel
do into the grear, the Liquor would be quite fpoil’d. In their Boyling-houfes .
ftand feveral hundreds of Earthen Pots one by another on Planks full of Holes ,
which Pots they cover with moift clay, and after fourteen days knocking it out of
the Pots, they feparate the brown Sugar from the white, both which ate laid to
dry in the Sun, and put into Chefts. . |

SE ak VII.

Pernambuco.
| “ PO thward from Bahia de Todos los Sanétos lies Pernambuco, which extends along petaiptioi
t AS the Coaft above feventy Leagues, between the River St. Francifco and the tno”
a Countrey of Hamaraca.
Pernambuco, which fignifies HellseMouth, is on the Eaft wafh’d by the Northern
Ocean ; in which grows a Weed much like an Oaken Leaf, and fo thick, that un-
lefs it be cut to make their Way, impedes the Sailing of Ships |
The Sea is alfo very full of Fith, which in calm Weather are vifible fixty Fathom several sorts
_ deep, and are taken in greater abundance than they are able tofpend ; for they no sae
fooner let down a Bait, cover’d with Feathers and Tallow, but the Fith ithmedi-
ately {wallowing the fame, aretaken. | a |
Here are in the firft place abundance of Hays, a Fifh fo rank and oylié, that they
are not eatable, but their Brains are accounted good againft the Stones.
There are alfo hereabouts a fort of flying Fifh like Herrings, but not,fo big ,
they have Wings like Bats, which carry them above Water whileft they aréwet :
they {wim in fhoals, and are chafed by all other Fifhes, which endeavoring to
efcape by flight out of the Water, they become prey to the Sea-pies. |
The Sea-Breams are as well tafted as the flying Fifh ; the Mariners cover them
in Sale, or ftuffthem within full of Salt and Pepper, and fo hang them todry in
the Sun, | :
Pernambuco it {elf lying in five Degrees Southward from the Equinox, produces
abundance of Brafile Wood and Sugar-Canes, which laft is no proper Brafilian
Plant, for the firft Plants thereof were by the Portuguefe firt tran{planced thither
from the Canary Iflands. ae | pe a |
_ This Countrey was firft difcover’d by Americus Vefputins, who being fent thither BishDie
by Emanuel, King of Portugal, to difcover the Coaft between th€ Promontory before *
Olinda and the Mland Itamaraca, and findinga fplit Rock and fome Brafilian Huts,
Ganded, and ask’d the Qenomination of the Coaft, which he was inform’d was
call’d Pernambuco, which he found full of fteep Mountains, inacceflible Woods, and
in fome places Plains and pleafant Valleys; but the chiefeftthing he could find to
lade his Ship with, was Brafile Wood; but being inform’d that the Soil would
bear Sugar-Canes, he caus’d Canary SugarsPlants to be Set there.
Olinda, formerly the chief City of Pernambuco, had (according ‘to Lopez) above ef Tonics
three thoufand Houfes and feventy SugareMills: Ic is built on feveral Hills, which sm.
on the North-fide are fteep and overgrown with Brambles ; betwixt which in ma-
ny places grow OrangeeTrees. John Newhof, who artiv’d at Olinda Anno 1642.
found a few Netherlanders and Spaniards there, who dwelt in the ruin’d Houfes.
The Landefide. of the City is ftrengthned by Hills overgrown with Brambles and
Thorns, aud towards the Sea-fide with Earthen Walls, fortifi'd by fourteen Bul-
warks and a Stone Caftle, able to withftand a confiderable force : The Out-works
towards the South were maintain’d by Jews, who from the fore-mention’d Hills
: 13 ; Aaa3 | could:
 ,

AMERICA. Chap. VII.

could {ee not onely a great way into the Ocean, but alfo the River Biberibi, which
hath a Stone Bridge leadingto the City,and Northerly and Weltward the Way lies
through great Woods and Forrefts. Olinda it {elfisdivided into twenty feven large
Streets, befides lefler Lanes and) feveral Avenues, and five chief Churches, viz,
Mifericordia, Noftra Sennora del Emparo, and Noftra Sennora de Guadalupe, San Salvador,
and San Pedro, befides two others of leffer note. On the higheft Hill ftands the Je.
suits Cloyfter, built {quare and high, and furrounded with Walls, on’ which Seba-
flian King of Portugal, by the perlwafion of his Uncle Cardinal Henry, {pent a great
fum of Money, and endow’d it with annual Revenues, dunno 1571. The Capuchins
alfo builta lately Cloyfter towards the Eaft. The Francifcans moteover inhabited
a magnificent Building, near whith ftood the Governors Palace. ‘The Garmelites
had alfo a ftately Edifice; whofe former luftte ftill appears by the Ruines, where
now Cattel graze ; from the Hills about which may be exaétly difcern’d Reciffa, the
Promontory of St. Auguftine, and the Caftle before the Road of Reciffa: Along the
Shore ftood the Dominican Cloyftet, and in the upper partof the City the Minfter,
Confecrated. to St. Bento, exceeding ftrong both by Nature and Art ; near which
ftood (onceptio de noftra Sennora.’ The Fort Juan de Albuquerque ftood on the South-
fide, from whence a Way leads you along the Shore to Reciffa, where hard by the
Potter’s Houle ftood’a Beacon. But fince Olinda fell into’ the hands of the Nether-
‘land Eaft-India Company, they built a ftrong Fortrefs on the North
near the Sea-
fide, where formerly a great Trage was driven with Sugar, infomuch that forty
Ships have been fraighted in a day therewith from Olinda, and ftillas much more
remainid in the Store-houfes. The Sugar cannot be made without the help of
African Slaves, and thatin great numbers’, for Angola alone provided fifteen thou-
{and four hundred and thirty Moors for the Sugar-Mills about Olinda,
In the YearsiSor, 1602, and 1623. there was fent to furprize: this City Henrick
Loncque, whoa little before with Peter Peterszoon Hein took-the Spanifh -Plate-Fleet,
The Expedi-
tionof Leuc-
and brought it away from Matanca. In the middle of-June, Anno 1629. Loncque
que, weighed Anchor from the Goerean Road, and between great (anary and Teneriff he
was Engag’d (having but eight Sail) with forty Spanifh Ships, Commanded by Fre-
derick de Toledo, fought his way through the midft of them, and near St. Vincent (the
reft of his Fleet being come up to him, which in all made up twenty feven) he
flay’d for a farther promis’d Supply of Ships to affift him, and the longer, becaufe
the Men rais’d by the Netherband Welf-India Company weretaken into the States Ser-
vice, to oppofe the Spanifh and Imperial Forces, who at that time had gain’d fome
advantage upon them: But not long after Hartogen-bofch being taken by the Hol-
landers, the reft of the,expected Fleet, with the promis’d ‘Aid, arriv’d at St. Vincent}
from whence Loncque, after four Moneths ftay, fet Sail with thefe addjtional Forces,
his Fleet then confifting of fifty Sail of Ships, which carry’d above feven thonfand
Soldiers, befides Seamen, but he'was forc’d to lie a confiderable time under the
Line, being either becalm’d or beaten back by contrary Winds, infomuch that ma-
ny of his Men perifh’d, or were difabled with the Scurvey: At laft his Fleetbeing
come to an Anchor upon the Coaftof Pernambuco, the firft that Landed about two
Leagues Northward of Olinda, was Colonel Diederik van Waerdenberg, who by Days .'
break divided his -Men into three Divifions, the Forlorn-Hope confifting of nine
hundred and thirty four Men, march’d towards Olinda along the Shore, led by Adolf
van der Eltx ; the fecond being a thoufand and forty nine, by Stein Callenfels, the
third, confifting of nine hundred and fixty five, was led: by Fouke Honx : thus
drawn out,and marching on,they met with no refiftance till they came to the River
Dolce, where eight hundred Portuguefe Charg’d on them from behind a new Sconce; -
| but
 Chap.oVIR > AMERICA 597
but Wuerdenberg wading uf to the Middle through the River with two Field-Pieces, .
the Enemy left his Works and ram into the Wood ; the |Forlora-Hope approache
ing the City, march’d up towards the right fide, up a Way through the Woods,
Scal’d the Walls, near which the Je/uits Cloyfter ftoad, over which he got aftet [ome
refiftance. The fecond Party march’d in a narrow Path along the Shore; and osnse taken
broke into the City between the Francifcans and Jefuits Cloyfter, towardsthe Cathee iseders.
by the Hol.

dral Salvador, from whence they difcharg’d feveral Guns, as alfo from the Caftle,
which. they had taken, whileft Fouke Honx Storm’d the Bactlements. towards the
South 5 but Stein (allenfels and Elz being already Maftets of Olinda, the Defendants
furrendred all. Mean while the Colonel’s Skiff brought five hundred Men’ more
afhore; with which he march’d without any hinderancé into the City, where? the
Conquerors, faint with exceflive Heat and want of Water; found but litle Booty,
becaufe the Inhabitants having notice of the Hollanders coming, had-convey’d all
their Goods and: Wealth to Reciffa, which the Governor Matthias Albuquerque (Bros
ther tothe Lord Duarte Albuquerque, to whorn Pernambuco properly belong’d) burnt
with all the Store-houfes, partly out of revenge tolthe Inhabitants,who fled contrary
to his Commands,and partly becaufe he would not enrich the Hollanders. The Por-
tuguefe Captain, Correa de Caftel Blanco, in his Letter to the King of Spain, values
the lofs at twenty hundred thoufand Ducats, .But fill the Portuguefe had pofleffion
of {everal Forts about the Countrey, whereof the moft confiderable was’ St. George,
whither Stein (allenfels march’d in the Night with fix.hundred Men; but his Lad-
ders being too fhort,and the Hand-Granado’s not'eafily taking fire, he was for’d to
Retreat ;whereupon judging it moft convenient to befiege the. Caftle, he digg’d
Trenches about the fame, nor wasvit long ere-the Befieged defir’d Quarter, which the For st.
being granted, they march’d from thence with ninety Mens The Water Caftle fur- George taken,

rendring in like manner, they found fifteen Braf$ Guns therein ;.and in that,of
St. George four thoufand pound of Gun-powder, and rwenty four Iron Guns.
When the Netherland Forces Landed on Pernambico, the Portugnefe inhabited
eleven Towns, the chiefeft whereof being Olinda, was geverally Garrifoi’d by four
Companies of Armed Citizens, each containing a huadred Men.and three Com-
panies of Soldiers: Amongft the Citizens were two hundted Merchants, fome
of whom werejudg’d to be worth fifty thoufarid Crufadosid 9 be py
Southward from Olinda, between the River Biberibe-and the Ocean,) was a nar-
row Cawley, atthe end of which lay the populous Village Reciffa; where the Ships
lade and unlade. About the middle of the Cliff; being.a League long, is the An-
choring place for great Ships, call’d Pozo, At the end of the fore-mention’d Caw-
fey againft Pozo, appear’d a round Tower of Fre-ftone.
The Journal kept by the Englifh Fleet that came hither under the Command Of tthe memo-
Captain James Lancafter, Anno 1595. makes mention of a Fort which lay at the rable Ex-
finiwo ibe
Mouth of the Haven before Reciffa, which the Engli/h valiantly Storm’d, notwith- omgie"
ftanding fix hundred Men and feven Brafs Guns might eafily have made it invinci- “en.
Fames Lane

ble : |But they conquering the fame, march’d'up to Olinda, took the Suburb) con-
fifting of ahundred Houfes, without any -refiftance, as alfo agreat Booty, and the
"greater, becaufe the Goods of a rich Carak which had fome few days before fuffer’d
Shipwrack, were kept there ; they alfo took fifteen laden Ships, and for thirty days
kept the whole Countrey about Olinda reftlefs with continual Alarmss, Since’ this
Invafion the Portuguefe buile a third Fort om Reciffa, fo that the Ships muft paf$.ia
in between two Forts, where the Channel is alfo full of Rocks, and: confequently
the more dangerous. gu ' |
From Reciffa the Goods are {ent in Barques or Lighters to Olinda, between which
| and
 508 AMERICA. “Chap. VIL.
and St. Salvador run the two great Rivers Francifco and Real, the firft whereof re-
tainsits frefhnefs twenty Leagues into the Ocean.
Along the River Popitinga ftand many Sugar-Mills ; and five Leagues farther
Northward beyond Olinda the Portuguefe inhabit thefe Villages, ix. Garafu, Reciffa,
Moribeca, Antonio de Cabo, Miguel'de Poyuca, Gonfalvo de Una, Povacon de Porto Calvo, Alae
yoa del Nort, and Alagoa del Zur, befides other Brafilian Hamlets, and above feventy
— Sugar-Mills. |
the muure | The County of Pernambuco hath for the moft part a good Soil, feveral Plains,
Pananbuce. low Hills, and fruitful Valleys, abounding with fair Canes, which alfo grow on
the Mountains Mafurepe, Zebaatan, Poynca, and Moribeque. | ,
The Wilds of Bl Gran Matto, afford the beft Wood, with which they drive the
greateft Trade in the Village Lanrenzo.’ While Matthias Albuquerque Intrench’d
himfelf a League and a half Weftward from Olinda, by the Sugar-Mills belonging
to Francifco Montero, with a hundred Portugue/e, and three times as many Armed
Brafilians, Loncque finding that he could not long keep the City Olinda againft the
Enemy, caus’d the fame to be pull’d down and burnt. | )
Sesinee det Between the Rivers Francifco and Real, lies the Town Sergippo del Rey, up in the
Countrey near a fmall Rivulet, which at Spring-Tydes-hath fourteen Foot Water.
The Woods round about feed wild Cattel, and the Mountains contain Mines of
Gold and Silver. .
The firt Plantation in Brafile was in the Ifland Itamaraca, three Leagues long
and two broad, but extends its Jurifdiétion along the Main Coaft, from which it
is feparated by a narrow River, which runs betwixt both thirty five Leagues. The
Countrey is eminent for twenty Sugar-Mills, and abundance of Brafile Wood. :
viledecow The chief Town of this Ifland is call’d Villa de Conception near the Sea, which
‘sound about the Ifland is full of Rocks. The French fettling themfelves here at firft,”
were driven from thence by the Portuguefee The Town it felf, built on a Rock,hath
a ftrong Caftle on the one fide, erected near a fhtubby Moor ; to the Northward
of which Stein Callenfels found a little fle, fcarce a Mufquetefhot long, which at
High-water is overflown, and being full of fmall Trees makes a Receptacle for
Sea-Fow], which flock thither about fix a Clock in ‘the Evening to Rooft onthe
Boughs, from which, when once fetled to take their repofe, they will not ftir till
fix of the Clock the next Morning, though you difcharge Guns at them allNight;
but fince Stein Callenfels cut down the Wood to make Pallifado’s for the new Fort |
againft the Town Conception, they were never feen afterwards. |

Sect. IX.

Br)
Ane Ae
ita Hay
Bei
Hy .
an ae
mL .
|
Parayba.
aray a.

Defcription Nisiere from Itamaraca borders the County of Parayba, whence the Frénch
of Parayba, Ships carry’d yearly feveral Ladings of Brafile Wood, till Anno 1585. the
Portuguefe General Martin Leytam drove them from all places, fince when
they never recover'd any part thereof. up" |
This Territory of Parayba borrows its Denomination from the.chief Towa, ly-
ing five Leagues from the North Sea near the River Parayba, which inthe Summer
Seafon hath but little Water, but in the Winter Seafon increafes to that heighth,
that ic oftentimes on a fiidden overflowing the Countrey. fweeps away both Peo-
ple, Cattel, and Houfes. The City it felf, though fimall, yet hath feveral fair
Buildings, amongft which three Churches and as many Cloyfters, inhabited yl
a Sas * . _ Francife
 ,

) Pi
ll
y
ili|mn
ERRATA THINLY
1M)
i
=
|
<<<
——————

wa
vee
em -

——
Py
LE
~~
 Chap. VIE = i ie MER ICS 3 hae
Francifcans, Carmelitesand
, BenediGins, are none of the meaneft. ‘The Countrey there-
abouts indifferently fruitful, hath twenty Sugar-Mills. The Mountain Cupacuao,
formerly very populous with Natives, being exceeding fertile, produces all man:
net of Fruit ; at prefent it lies defolate, the Brafilians being all deftroy’d by the Por-
tuguefe. Thefe Mountains produce alfo curious green Stones, which the Inhabi-
tants wore in theit,Lips for an Ornament, and which alfo cures the Griping of the
Guts, by being laid upon the Belly. |
The French under the Command of Captain Dourmigas, difcover’d ninety years TheSilver
ago the Silver-Mine Copaoba, and for a confiderable time carry’d Silver and Brafile %. ie
Wood from hence, till the Portuguefe made themfelves abfolute Mafters.
Moreover, on the North-fide of Parayba, the Salvages call’d Petiguars inhabit
fixteen Villages. © |
Amongft the Birds of prey which breed here, are the Ouyaouraffou, twice as big ag Strange Birds
a Crane, with cutious Feathers, and fo bold and ftrong, that it devours not onely
Sheep, but Deer and Men. | :
The Bitd Maton is no’ way inferior in beauty to the Peacock, his whole Body
being cover’d with white and black Feathers ; on his Head grows a Tuft ; the Fleth
is alfo very pleafant to the tafte. |
The Toucan, another Bird, refembles a Turtle-Dove in all parts, except the Bill
and Breaft ; for the Belly is ten Inches long and three broad, the Breaft of an
Orange colour, mix'd with Crimfon Spots ; the remaining part is white, the Back
red, and the Tail and Wings Coal-black. 7
The Plant call'd Yarammacaron deferves alfoa peculiar obfervation, viz. It is tre Plan
thicker than a Man’s Thigh, grows twelve Foot high, with three Branches of equal Tiga
length and thicknefs, which you may eafily break;it is green without, white within,
and without Leaves, leaving red Bloffoms ftreak’d with blue, from whence grows
a Fruit about the bignefs of an Apple, crimfon without and white within, and
tafting like a Mulberry. is ae
The River Parayba produces amongft many other Fifhes the Guara-tereba, which The Guard
hath a thick Body, flat Head, crooked Back, fplit Tail, and triangular Scales, ote (range
which laid inthe Sun, fhine like polifh’d Gold. ‘a,
The Sea alfo hereabouts affords a ftrange Fifh with a very long and thin Tail,
the Females whereof Lay every day Eggs like Hens : they are full of poyfonous
Prickles, and divided into feveral forts, amongft which the chiefeft are accounted
_ che Naainari and Jabebara.

He Sea-Coaft of Brafile from St. Vincent to Spirito Santo appears as followeth ; Deferiptos
Before the Coaft of St. Vincent lie the four little Ifles Queimadas, and on one Fe
fide the Alcatraces and Bufios ; Raft North-Eaft from which bears the Ifland Sebaftian:
Before the Inlet Ubatuba lies the fle Dos Porcos, clofe under a high Shore, where the
Haven runs far up inthe Countrey. Fourteen’ Leagues farther the Ifland Grande,
ftor’d with frefh Water,with Fifh-ponds, Woods,and two good Havens. Before the
Road of Garatuba appear feveral broken Ifles, the chiefeft whereof is Morambaya. The
Ships Sailing along the Brajilian Coaft view next the Mouth of the wide River
Jenero, without feat of Rocks or Shoals. Moreover, a fandy Ground extends from
the Weftern Point to Cape Frio, which rifes out of the Sealike a Rock, with white
Streaks, and ctack’d on the top, between both which the high Ifland before Frio
makes a fafe Harbor. Nine Leagues beyond Frio to the Northward, St. Salvador
Opens a large Bay, hemm’d in on the South by divers namelefs Ifles, Laftly, the
feveral Salt-pans along this Coaft are very remarkable, as alfo the sie hg
t. Thoma
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
St. Thoma and Parayva, the Inlets Manangea and Itapemeri, and the River Guarapari,
famous for the Mountain Pero (am towards the North, and Guapel to the South.
‘The Ifland Salyago, round and mountainous, lies beforethe Mouth of the River
Guarapari, where the Main Coaft grows uneven and Hilly. On the North-Eaft
Point of Spirito Santo a long ridge of Rocks appears above the Sea;and near the Inlet
rifes three black Hills on the South, and two Leagues up in the Countrey the'bro-
ken Mountain Meftre Alvaro, which extends along the Sea-Coaft. The River Des’
Reyos Magos encompafies three Mountains feverally, and makes three Ifles. The
Coaft on each fide of the River Dolce is very plain and even, but (vicare hath a mix.
ture of high and low Lands, Inthe Mouth of the River Maranipe lies a great com-
pany of white Shelves near together, appearing afar offas if all one. Parairepe is ree
markable by the high Trees growing on it. The Mouth of the River Caruvelas lies
full of Sand-plats. Near the Beacon Tauhaen rifes a red Cliff from which a fandy
Point reaches to the River Curubabo. Before Porto Seguro lie feveral dangerous
Rocks in the Sea, to the Southward of which rifes the High-land Cape Pafqual. Not
far from hence Santa Cruiz, a good Haven for {mall Veffels, from whence the Coaft
extends North North-Eaft, and South South-Weft, to Rio Grande, where the Shoals
call’d Baxos de St. Antonio, making a dangerous Entry, force the Ships for the
moft part to keep three Leagues from the Shore. Beyond the Arm of Rio Grande
appear three high Mountains cover’d with Trees ; from whence to Ilheos isa fafe
Paflage free from Shelves. Eight Leagues farther,the River Dos Contas runs between
two broken Cliffs into the Sea: inthe Mouth of it rifésa Rock refembling a high
Ifland. Between Ilheos and Contas the Coaft rifes alfo, but falls low again ina Bay,
where white Sugar-Mills, formerly belonging to Lucas Giraldes, are {een at a great
diftance. The Countrey on each fide of the River Camanu is plain ; the Stream it
felf hath a wide Mouth, and ref{peéts with its Northern Shore the Ifle Cayepa, dan-
gerous for the many Shelves which are about the fame. The River Tinhare is known
by the Mountain Morro de Santo Paulo, which rifes like a Galley on the Southern
Shore. ‘Twelve Leagues farther opens the Bay of Todos los Sanétos, on whofe Eafte
ftern Point ftands the Caftle ntonio, and before the Northern Shore the Ifland Toe
_ poam, to the Eaft and South-Ealt low and ftrong. The River Das Pedras falls with
a wide Mouth into the Ocean. Next you pafs by the Streams Tapicuru, Real Vafa-
baris and Francifco, known by a low Promontory. The Rivers Miguel, Antonio, (a
maragili, Porto Calvo, Formofo, and Serinhbaem, difémbogue alfo into the Sea. Next
the Stream Das Pedras rifes the Promontory St. Auguftine, all overgrown with,
Bufhes and Brambles. Five Leagues Southward liesthe {mall Ifle Aexo. The Coaft .
from St. Auguftine to Pernambuco extends North and by Eaft, and South and by Weft.
The Ifland Tamaraca lies in the Mouth of the Stream Gajana; and fifteen Leagues
farther appears Parayba ;between which two the Shelf Pedra Furada extends three
Leagues along the Coaft, and another from the Shore of the Promontory Blanco,
where the Road Porto de Franefes affords Seamen fecure Anchorage for Shipping.
Next to Parayba follow. the Havens Treicaon, Pipa, and Bufios, the Stream Siara and
Maragnan, which wafhes the Weftern part of Brafile, and is taken for the Boundary
between the Spanifh Indies and the Portuguese, according to the Divifion by Pope
Alexander the Sixth, Anno 1502. Laftly, there belongs to Brafile the Uland Fernando
de Noronho, in three Degrees of Southern Latitude. The Capuchin, Claude de Abbe-
ville, going thither, found the (ame to be fix Leagues in circumference, and extra-
ordinary fruitful ; befides good frefh Water, Peafe, Beans, Maiz, Potato’s, Melons,
Cotton, Cattel, wild Goats, and all fortsof Poultrey, which this Ifland affords;
but it chiefly abounds with gteat variety of a fort of Birds which fuffer themfelyes
to
 Chap. VII. AMERICA 511
to be caught with the Hand. There grows likewife a namelels Tree, not unlike siange Tree:
the Laurel, being of a ftrange Nature, for who e’re touches the Leaves, and after |
wards rubs his Eyes, lofts his Sight for four hours, with exceeding pain; which
pain neverthelefs another Tree growing in the fame Ifland cures immediately. The
French, who Landed on Noronho Anno 1613. found a Portuguefe there, with eighte
en
Brafilians, Men, Women, and Children, banifh’d thither from Pernambuco, whom
Baptizing, they carry’d to Maragnan. Near Noronbo lies the Mle De Few. |

Sine sock,

Maragnan.
Me forty five Leagues in circumference, lies in two Degrees of Sout sistiation?
thern Latitude, and a confiderable diftance from the Bay, which ap-
| pears between the Rivers Aperegha and (omajamu.
The Eaftern Entrance into this Bay hath before the Promontory Arbres Secs,
the Ifle St. Anna, by the Brafilians call’d Upaunmiri.
Oppofite to Maragnan, about half way from the {aid Inlet, fallthree Rivers into
the Sea, the moft Eafterly call’d Mounin, hath a Mouth a Mile wide, and difcharges
its Water into the Sea; the middlemoft Taboucourou, is five hundred Leagues
long, and ends with two Mouths, half a League diftant one from the other;
the moft Wefterly, call’d Miary, is about fix Leagues broad, fo falling into the
Star. .
The Stream Maracow falls into the Pinare, and thus united they joyn both with
the Mary, which runs exceeding fwift into the Sea. Lint}
Between the Capes Arbres Secs and De la Tortue, the Coaft lies full of fandy
Banks, fome of which extend a League into the Ocean.
On the other fide of the Promontory Tapoytapere near Maragnan,towatds the River
Amaxones, lie fo many Ifles along the Sea-fhore, that no Ship is able to approach
the fame, becaufe the Spaces between the Ifles are overgrown with Trees call’d
Apparituriers, whofe Boughs fhooting down and rooting inthe Sea, produce other
Trees, which grow fo clofe together, that they feem one entire Tree with many
Branches. Befides this Inconvenience there is abundance of drift Sand when the
Wind fits from the Shore, which oftentimes fwallows the Ships which lie upon
the fame.
Beyond Maragnan lie two Roads, the firft between the Promontory Arbres and
the Ifle St. Anna, but dangerous; the other, difcover’d fome years fince, reaches
to the Fort of Maragnan, and is as dangerous as the firft. |
This Hland hath twenty feven Villages, by the Natives call’d Oc or ‘Tave, each
Village confifting of four Houfes made of gteat Stakes, andcover’d with Palm-tree
Leaves againft the Rain, each Houfe being thirty Foot broad, and from two hun-
dred to five hundred Paces long, according tothe greater or leffer number of In-
habitants, The firft Village, oppofite to St. Anna, is call’d Timbohu, the fecond,
well known for two eminent Fifhing-places, is Itapara ;but the two biggeft are
Juniparan and Euffaouap, each having about five ot fix hundred Inhabitants.
This Ifland of Maragnan lies under a temperate Climate, being feldom troubled
with exceflive Colds, Droughts, peftilential Vapors, Wind, Hail, or Thunder, only
it Lightens Morning and Evening in ferene Weather, When the Sun returns from
the Tropick of Capricorn to the North, then it Rains for fix Weeks together,» but
When he declines from Cancer towards the Southern Solftice, the Trade-Wind, or
a =F “e 4 ; Eaftern
 512 AMERICA. Chap. Vil.
Eaftern Breezes rife at even of the Clock inthe Morning, but grow fainter to.
wards Sun-fetting. | pto her |
Sol’ “The Soil of Maragnan is exceeding fruitful, producing abundance of Brafile Wood,
Fevietal
of Mdaragnan Sugar, Cotton, the red Colour Roucon, Tobacco, Balfam not inferior to the Ara.
| bian, Pepper, and all manner of Fruits. On the Coaft is often found excellent
Amber-greece and Jafper Stones, which the Inhabitants wore in their Lips. In
fome places along the Sea-fhore appear Rocks of red and white Stone Diaphanous,
like Cryftal, which (fome fay) are as hard as Diamonds, and call’d Allencon. The
Woods produce Timber, and the Shore Stones and Shells, of which they make
Mortar. There are alfo feveral pleafant Fields and Hills, whofe Feet are wafh'd by
delightful Brooks, along which they pafs in Canoos from one Village to another.
The Woods confift moft of Palm-Trees, amongft which breed all forts of Fowls
and Beafts. | |
Fuie-Tree - “The chiefeft of the Fruit-Trees which grow here is the Accayou, which being
much bigger than our Pomewaters,’hath Leaves not unlike thofe of an Oak: and
alfo a Nut refembling a Sheeps Kidney, cover’d with a-hard Shell, which inclofes
an oylie Pith. Out of thefe the Iflanders prefs a very wholfom and pleafant Li-
quor ; as.alfo out of tle Pacoeira and Bannanas, both excellent Plants, which will
grow in any Ground. This Plant they pluck up by the Roots wild as foon as it
hath put forth three Leaves ; which Leaves being rowl’d up hard together like a
Twig; are again Set, and then fprout up each with ten green Leaves, which when
mov'd by the Wind, rattle like Parchment, and tear very eafily: the Stalk is an «
Inch thick, frotn which fpread feveral leffer Branches ; under the Leaves hang yel-
lowifh Flowers of a pleafant fmell, at. whofe Stalksare leffer Leaves refembling
lictle Scoups, full of Juice, in tafte like Honey, and in colour like the White of an
Egg : after the Flower follows the Fruit, very like a Cucumber, onely they are
three {quare, and have a hardifh Shell, which inclofes a well tafted and wholfom
Pulp, which commonly grows in Clufters,. This Plant, when the Fruitisripe
is pluck’d up, from whence another fprings up immediately, which bears Ae
like Fruit the next year ; fo that this Plant lives as it wereby propagation conti-
nually. . . :
The Bannanas bear Leaves of a Fathom long and two Foot broad ; the Fruit is
very like that of the Pacoeira. |
The Mangaa is very like the Apricock both in tafte and form.
The Tree faracahq hath a fpread Crown, leaves like thofe of a Fig-Tree, yellow
Flowers, and Pears with Shells, and full of Kernels. | /
The Onaieroua is an exceeding fweet-{melling Tree, bears a Fruit much bigger
than the greateft Melons.
The Junipap, which is much taller, hath Apples, which whileft they are green
are beft, yielding a Juice which Dyes Coal-black, and therefore is us’d by the
Natives to paint their Bodies with: The Apples when ripe are yellow within
and without, very well tafted, and melting in the Mouth.
Befides thefe fore-mention’d Fruit-Trees there are feveral others that grow on
this Ifland, amongft which is the Vua-pirup, eminent for its Bloflom, which is yel-
low, blue, and red, and bears delicate Apples, which ripen beft in the rainy
Seafon. | i ,
Laftly, the Pekey, which three Men cannot Fathom, bears a Fruit of two hand-
fuls bignefs, having a hard thick Shell, and within four Kidney-like Kernels, each
concealing a prickly Stone, which hurts the Mouths of unwary Eaters.
The Plant Caronata hath Leaves an Ell long, and two Inches broad; they are
| | very
 ~

Chap. VII. AMER SIC 4z. 513

very thick and thiftly from the middle, and about two Foot from the Ground
grows an exceeding pleafant Fruit, yellow without and within, three {quare, a
Finger long, and hanging oftentimes fixty in a Clufter.
Vua, a fort of Melons, green without, and within full of white Pulp and black
Kernels, and hath a pleafant Juice, diffolves to Water,if cut in the middle, {weeter
than Sugar, and very refrefhing. .
Manioch, a thick Root of the Plant Manicup, Leav’d like a Fig-Tree ; being ground
to Meal, it ferves in ftead of Bread.
Befides thefe already mention’d, there are feveral other Plants, the moft ufual
are the great flat Beans call’d Commanda-onaffou, and the long Peafe Commanda-miry. -
Here are variety of Birds of feverai forts, efpecially of Parrots, which flyé in StangeBirds
great Companies, moft beautiful to the Eye, and very docible to {peak, and alfo
good for Food. | i Ro
The Partridges Nanbonouaffou, in bignefs no way inferior to a Capon, have blue
Feathers, and alfo Lay blue Eggs. Ri ks
The Ourou, refembling a Partridge, hath a Combe like a Cock, but mix’d with
three Colouts, viz. red, black, and white. |
The Bats, nam’d Andheura,have a mournful Note in the Night, often biting thofe
they find afleep,and fuck their Blood fo hard that it can hardly be ftopt.
The Oftriches here call’d Yandou, being as tall as a middle-fiz'd Man, cannot
flye, but run as {wilt asa Greyhound.
Their Fowl call’d Falian, with long Bills and Cranes Legs, flies very low, but
runs fo fwift that a Horfe can {carce overtake them.
The Ocean about Maragnan produces abundance of all forts of Fifh, and amongft strange forts
others the Pyraon, fix Foot long, thicker than a Barrel, and cover’d with black ©
Scales of a hand-breadth. |
The Fith Camouroupony differs not much from the Pyraon, onely in having fewer
Scales.
The .Ongry, four Foot long, hath a broad Head, and two fharp Fins on the Back,
which wound terribly. This Fifh alfo {wimming in the River, fmells of Musk
whileft ic ftaystherein. . : |
The like length hath alfo the Camboury Ouaffon, whofe Hog-like Head, and yels
;

low {cal’d Tail, makes it feem likea Monfter. |

iy ry
5 t

The Yanebouyre is a Foot in thicknefs, in length two Fathom, and a Fathom in iB} ’

breadth, and hath a Tail of half a Fathom long, out of the middle of which fticks 1"
.
' wi|

a {harp and great Bone, which makes fuch dangerous Wounds, that if any part of
f

a Man’s Body be touch’d therewith, it muft be cut off.

The Narinnary, which is much lefler, wounds with its Sting very dangeroufly.
a

a
The flat Fith Acaraiou hath the length of a Foot, a green Head, thick Scales,
re

yellow Back, and white Belly. —

The Araououa hath a hard Skin, is eight times bigger than the Acaraion, and hatha
aS
———
SS

three-pointed Sword, with whichit kills other Fifth. | . hee

=
=—
——7
a=
as
>a
«

=
————

Another fort of Swotd-fith is the Panapans, whofe Sword is a Foot lefs than that
of the Araouona. |
The Picamo and Caramourou refemble the Pilchard, and are takeningreat abun-
dance near the.Rocks. 3
The Rivers and Brooks on Maragnan are alfo very full of Fifh, amongft which
the Pourake, four Foot long, full of green, blue, red and white Specks and Streaks,
the Skin fo hard that no Sword can penetrate it ; wherefore it regards not a blow,
but if ic moves, it caufes fuch a pain on the Arm of him that ftrikes, that he falls
down on theGround. Bbb . The
 ss

514. AMERICA. ° Chap. VII,

- The (aurimata, which is very like a Carp, is the moft delicious Fifh
that ever Was '
tafted. mE ;
The Pyrain, without Scales, colout’d red and yellow, hath fharp Teeth, whic
h f
cut floapingly;as alfo the Opean, Tarehure, Paraty, and Jerou. =
The red Crabs Ouffa, with hairy Legs, breed about the Roots of the foresmen: -
tion’d Trees that grow in the Water. | : feesid iy Sy
The white Crabs. Aonara-onffa carry the Amber-greece, ‘caft on the Shores to
their Holes. | | | 3
They have alfo good: Musfles, and well rellith’d Oyfters fticking on the Bough
s
of the faid 1'rees.: OF 871 : nity Deis 5 gee TRIE:
During the rainy Seafon there are generally ftandinig’ Pools} in which yearly
breed many Fifhes, which are taken-up by the Inhabitants When the Pools begin
to dry. 5 :
* Divers kinds ° ee red this Ifland feeds abundance of four-footed Beafts, amongft which
their wild Deer, Rabbets and Hares, differ little from the European, “They have al.
of ftrange
Bealts,
fo wild Swine call’d Taiaffou, who feem to have Navels on their Backs, which caft
a {weet Musky fmell ;befides another fore of Swine,not inferior to the former, but
of a ftranger fhape, being Mouth’d like a Hare, with two long Tusks in'their up.
per Jaws, and two beneath ; their Ears like a Mans; the foremoft Feet white, and.
hoofd like an Afs ; the hindermoft part of their Body like a Bear, and full of Brie,
ftles, half white and half black, three handfuls long : when they creep in their.»
Holes their ftaring Brigtlesfall ; they keep much amongft Brambles, feed on Apple
‘and Roots; In the Winter Seafon they Stye themfelves up in their Holes,
Here are alfo Pifmireseaters, call’d Tamandua, with a Boars Head, Dogs Ears;
fharp Snout, Horfes Hair, and Ox Feet.
The Lapiyre-ete differ little from wild Cows, onely they have fhorter Legs and
Tails, and wanting Horns, are Arm’d in ftead thereof with Teeth , in their Heads
are often found a Stone like the Bezoar Stone. | |
Several forts of Armadillo’s here differ much in form each from the other.
The wild Cats Margaia are caught for their curious Skin, ° |
The Foxes anovare, and Leopards Sovaffovaran, both curioufly mark’d, are very
ravenous. ‘
Here is allo a deform’d flow creeping Beaft call’d 4i, whofe Headis like a Mans,
and cover’d with rough and grey Hair, on each Foot three Claws clofe togeth
er,
and at leaft a Finger long, fharp Teeth, a {mooth high black Nofe, little
drowfie
Eyes, no Ears, a Tail {mall above and broad at the bottom, long Afh:colour’d
Hair over all the Body ; and being about the bignefs of a Fox, it climbs flowl
y up
the Trees, and comes not down before it hath eaten off all the Leaves ; it feeds
alfo on Earth, and fometimes fits on a high Bough without Meat twenty days to-
gether ; irgoes fo foftly, that ic will hardly clear fifty Paces ia twenty four hours.
|
On this Ifland are likewife all forts of Apes and Monkies, amongft which
is one
moft remarkable, call’d The Zimme Cayon, hairy all over, with a
long white Beard,
an old Mans Face, bald Ears, black Eyes and long Tail, which they
wind about a
Bough, and fo hanging, {wing themfelves from one Tree to anot
her; they are very
fierce as well as fubtile, for being wounded with an Atrow, they fet upon their
Enemiy without the leaft fear; when they climbup the Trees, they carry their
. Mouths and Hands full of Stones to throw at Travellers; and ifany one of them
chance to be wounded, all the reft that are near come to help him, and
ftop the
Wound with Leaves, and the like, the young ones hang upon the Backsof their
Dams, who run very {wift with them, and leap from one Tree to anoth
er.
Juan
 r

Chap. VIL. AMERMOA | 515

es for
dun: Ardenois relates, That the Coyons play at certain Games with the Nativ
oney, and {pend what they win in publick Houfes.
a Tavern
Jofeph de Acofta tellsus, That one of thefe kind of Creatures being fentto
defene,
for Wine, would not part with his Money before his Pot was fill’d,which he
at them ;
ded krom the Boys that offer’d to take it from him, by throwing Stones
home without
and though ict loy’d Wine very well, yet brought it always
tafting. i |
res, viz.
It is no lefs wonderful what Peter Martyr relates of one of thele Creatu
arge, it leap’d
That obferving one ready to fire a Gun at him, before he could difch
e him.
from the Tree and {natch’d up\a Child, which he held as a Buckler befor
y Hair 5 the sagecin.
The Sagovin refembles a Lyon in the fore-part of the Body, with fhagg
they take pet
they are exceeding dainty and tender, yet fo ftubborn and fullen, that
at the leaft affront, and often pine themfelves away and die with hunger.
g a bright {peckled the Beier,
The Serpent Boy-ete, two Fathoms long, without Legs, havin
forts ofSer
Skin and four fharp Teeth;wounds alfo mortally with ics Tail , bucisthe lefs dane
rattles as if”
gerous, becaufe at the end of the Tail growsa Bladder, which moving
y, by
there were Peafe in it, which gives notice to the Traveller, though unwar
which means he makes his efcape.
the Natives
The other Serpents call’d Fouboy, Tara-gonyboy, and Tarehuboy, ferve
Tourouron. r
for a great Delicacy ; as alfo the great Toads or Frogs, call’d
moleft.them, again&
_ They have alfo a fort ofFlies call’d Ton, which exceedingly
Roucon, with’ which they
which their chiefeft Medicine is Palm-tree Oyl, and the
colour their Skins. ;
the pleafane Countrey
The Natives of this [land of Maragnan, driven out of
here about a huns
(Cayete by the Portuguese, are a fort of the Toupinambas, who Setled
rly to be
dred and fifty years ago. The time oftheir firft coming hither us’d forme
boldly fetup- .
folemniz’d with the great Feaft call’d Caoven; but becaufe a Woman
them, and ever :
on 2Commander in his Cups, there arofe a great Tumult amongft
that is,
fince the Iland hath been divided, one Party calling the other Tobaiares,
Bbb 2 We
 516 | AM E RICA. Chap. VII.
We are Enemies: They arefo inveterate againft one another, that who e’re they
take
Prifoners they unmercifully devour : Both are of a middle Stature, have flat No;
‘ fes, which the Midwives make ‘at the Birth of the Child ; they. are generally
a
{trong People, and many of them living a hundred years, without being grey,
bald, or fick ; they live temperate, and under a wholfom Climate: Some of their
Women bear Children (as they fay) till they are eighty years of age, which being
born white, turn tobe of a Tawny colour, by being anointed with Suet
call’d
Roucon, and Oyl ; otherwife they are well proportion’d. The Men pluck
out all
the Hair of their Foreheads, but fuffer it to hang pretty long over their Ears,
and
behind. The Women let their Hair hang down to their Middle, and
wear woodden
_Ear-rings; but the Men hang green Beads in their Lips, and thruft
little Bones
through their Nofes. They goall ftark naked, their Legs are colour’d black
with
the Juice of the Herb Funipap, and upon the other parts of their Body appear Fi.
gures of feveral Reprefentations. Thofe that will manifeft their Valor, and be ac.
counted hardy, gafh their Bodies allover with Wounds, which they heal in fucha
manner, that the Scars may more plainly appear. They never come to
their ufual
Feafts, but drefs’d up in various colour’d Feathers; upon the Crown
of their Heads
they wear Caps ftuck with Plumes, which they call Acangoap, or Coronets,
call’d
Acangerar; about theit Necks,the Necklaces Aionacava; over theit Shoulders,the Man-
tles Affoyave ;.theit Garters they call Tabacoura, at which they hang hollow Nute
fhells full of little Stones, which gingle and rattle as they go,and about their
Arms
Armlets call’d’ Mapouyh-couaychovare ; all which are curioufly checker’d with
various
colour’d Feathers. | |
The Maragnans live not much up in the Countrey, but rather on the Sea-Coaft,
becaufe of their Fifhing, removing every fixth year, calling the Village where they
Settle, by the former Names | rhe at
‘They take every Manas many Wives as he pleafeth, but the Women mutt flick
each to one Man, unlefs fhe be Divorc’d from him, which often happen
s upon
{mall occafions. ru
Their Cotton Hammocks call’d %, on which they fleep, hang between
two
Stakes, in which they lie. 7 .
Singular. Friends and Relations Feaft one another daily ; but they are cruel
and
revengeful againft their neighboring Enemies, whom, when they take any
of them,
they fatten, kill, and eat. The leaft affront done them, or injurious word {poke
n
to them, or againft their Predeceflorss, makes them take up Arms, which
confift of
Bowes and Arrows, which they call Oxyrapay and Oune. -
Here the French have built the Fort St. Lovis on an Ifland, from whence Wefts
ward may be feen the Cape Tapouytapere, which at High-water feems likean Ifland,
and lies four Leagues from thence, at Low-water they can walk over the Sands
from the fame to the Main Land. |
This fruicful Countrey hath twenty populous Villages. — ~
Weftward lies Comma, which gives Denomination to the chief Village, the
River,
and the reft of that Countrey, wherein are fixteen more handfom Villag
es, better
built, and more populous than Maragnan or Tapouytapere.
Concerning the building of the fore-mention’d Fort on Maragnan, it hapne
d as
followeth : ,
The occaion “he French Captain Riffaut, upon the Advice of Ouyrapive, who bore a great {way
theFore ae amMongtt his Maragnan Subjests, fitted out three Ships ; but becaufe of a Conten
tion
ee” between the Seaemen, and the lofs of his chiefeft Veffel, he was fore’d
to Sail to
France, and leave fome of his Men on Maragnan, under the Command of
a young
aie | a Gentleman
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Chap. VII. AMER 10 4. 519

Gentleman cali’d De Vaux, who carry’d himfelf fo difcreetly amongft the Iflanders;
that they promis’d to agdluacien the Chri/tian Religion, “if new Supplies cairie fdin
France to affift them againft their Enemies; of which De Vaux advis’'d the French
King Henry the Fourth, who approvd of iic and fent Monfieur De la Ravardiere to A Cclowof Ts
Pe
Ay
=
-ay
©a

Maragnan, to make a feeehrt Enquiry into the whole Matter, where he {pent fix overint»the
Moneths; after which returning he found the King murder’d, wherefore the Bufi- Meragnas
nefs lay dead for a while ; but at length Ravardiere took with bid the Lord Rofilly,
and the Baron of Sanji, defiting fome Capuchins of the Queen-Mother, for the pro-
mulgating of the Chriftian Religion in Maragnan ;which being granted, they fet Sail
with three Ships duno 1612. with which arriving fafely there,and Landing, he buile
next the chiefeft Haven the Fort St. Lewis ona Hill, by whole foot two Rivers glide
into the Ocean. After-which this new Plantation went on for a confiderable time,
till the Portuguefe overpowering them, drove them out of this their new Field, ma- psn on
king themfelves abfolute Mafters of he Fort, and alfo of the great Mountain Ibon- bY is?"
yapap, four Leagues high, plain on the top, twenty four Leagues long, and little
lefs in breadth. No Champain under the Sun is more pleafant and fruitful than
this ; for in fome places it is fhaded with Trees, in others hath brave Paftures, lies
under a wholfom Climate, and abounds with Freth Springs, from whence are des
riv’d ftore of Brooks, and Rivulets full of Fith,

SE O.T XI.

The Lordfhips Tamarica, Rio Grande, Siara,

and Para.
ae Prefecture of Tamarica; not above three Leagues in deny and two itt Defcription
breadth, fo call’d from a little Ifland lying before it, and part of its Pree hipofTa
ciné&, is counted the firft, that is, the moft ancient Lordfhip of Brajile,
having otherwife nothing in it that is very ‘dolshiternble, fave onely.a good Haven
or Port, with a Caftle for the Security or Command of it, held to be impregnae
ble, and fo found bythe Dutch, who under Peter Heyn and Stein Callenfels in vain
attempted the taking of it, as fhall be mention’d hereafter more particularly,
but made it ufelefs tothe Portuguefe, by making a Bulwark at the Mouth of the
Haven, and fo blocking it up.
This Capatania yielded formerly a Rent of thirty thoufand Ducats to the Earls of
Montefanto, whofe Right it was.

He Prafeéture of Rio Grande, afmall Preciné&, fo denominated, as lying on pee

the South-fide of that great River which the Portuguefe call Rio Grande, sirofne
and the Natives Potingi, where it falls into the Sea, was once poffefs’d by the French
about the Year 1597. who were outed by the Portugue/e, and the Place fortifi’d both
againft them and the Salvages, (of whom they flew and took Prifoners very great
numbers) with a Caftle, which the Dutch in the Year 1631. found an impregnable
piece, and too hard forthem to take.

‘He Prefecture of Siara, fo denominated from the Haven; it hath long been Deftinvicn
in the poffeflion of the Portuguefe, but they have therein no Towns of note, “Pfs
onely a Caftle, and fome few Houles for thofe that attend the gathering of Cotton-
Wool, and Manuring of the Sugar-Canes, which are here in great abundance, alfo
the Countrey is {aid to afford fome Cryftal and other Precious Stones.
Bbb 3 — Laftly,
 518 “A MERIC A. Chap. VIl.
Dfeription | Aftly, the Prefecture of-Para isthe moft Northerly part of Brafile, bordering
tip ofBara upon Guiana, forcall’d from the River Para, which runneth through the
midft of it, upon which, in a convenient place, and upon rais’d Ground,
the Portugue/e have built a very {trong Caftle, well Wall’d on all fides, fave onely
towards the River, where it is planted with Ordnance : It is built in a quadrangu.
lar form, and hath at leaft three hundred Perfonsof the Portuguefe Nation (befides
the Garrifon Soldiers) belonging to it, who have all Employment enough abont
the Cotton-Wool, Sugar-Canes, and Tobacco, which the Countrey is faid to af.
ford in great plenty. .

A lation of the Proceedings of the Netherland Weft-India

Company in Brafile to the Year 1658.
He chief Difturbers of the Portugue/e in the poffeffion of the Countrey of
Brafile, were the United Netherlanders , for they having had good fuccefs
with their firft Fleet, under the Command of John Molenaer, Jobn Dignumf-
zo0n, John Schelinger, Simon Mau,and the Merchants Cornelis Woodman,Gerard Bevenin
gen,
and Heinier van Hel, Anno 1595. inthe Ea/t-Indies, where they got fuch footing, that
they took whole Kingdoms, tothe great enriching of the Eaftern World, where
they {pread their Trade over the whole Countrey, were thereupon emboldned to
venture alfo to the Weft, that thereby they might cut off the Sinews of the King of
Spain’s Wars, he being continually fupply’d with Treafures from America.
The grand Promoters of this Defign were the Company of Merchants, who hi-
therto had Traded to Guinee. andthe rather, becaufe Guinee brought them but
little
Profit. Butto fet upon the Spanifh Power, was a Bufinefs of no {mall Confequence,
neverthelefs they undertaking it, obtain’d Letters Patents from the States of
the
United Netherlands, Anno 1621. for erecting of a Weft. India Com pany, in which it was
a wef-tndia Aeclar’d, That none without the faid Companies leave fhould drive any
Trade to
cededby Africa from the Northern Tropick, to the Cape Bonne Efperance ; nor to America from
See Terre-Neuf to the Straights of Magellan, or Le Maire ; nor in the South Sea to Anian ;
which if any attempted, they fhould forfeit Ship and Goods ; befides feveral other
Priviledges and Immunities granted towards the promoting and eftablifhing of the
faid Company. After a long Confultation which way to fteer their Courfe, it was.
concluded upon in the Council for the Affairs of the Company, to Invade St, Sal-
vador in the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, whether they fent twenty Men of War and three
Ketches, Commanded by Jacob Willekens, and Peter Peter{xoon Hein, the Land Forces
being under the Command of Colonel fobn van Dorth. In the beginning of the
Year
. 1624, the Fleet fet Sail out of the Texel and the Maes, and in five Moneths arriv’d
ac
St. Salvador. As foon asthe Portuguefes difcover’d the Dutch Fleet, they fhot with-
out ceafing from the Fort Philippo with three Brafs Guns, as alfo from the Caftle
Tapagipe, with four Demi-Canons, but chiefly from the Battlement rais’d three.
{quare out of the Water before St. Salvador, from whence they play’d at them with
st. Salvador twelve great Guns, whileft che Vice-Admiral ran within Mufquet-fhot of the faid
ticbuch? Battlement with three Ships, and found fifteen Portuguefe Veflels lying near the
conanivi. Shore not far from the Caftle Philippo, where there began a fharp Confli&, to the
“no fmall advantage of Peter Hein, who thereupon ventut’d with three
Boats to
Board the fifteen Ships: which refolute Actem pt of the Datch Seamen fo amaz’d the
Portuguefe, that they fet their biggeft Ships on Fire, and fled afhore: Thofe Ships
that efcap’d, being in all cen, the Hollanders took and brought them to the Fleet.
This —
 aM;

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 Chap. VII. AMERICA. , 513
This flight of the Portuguefe encouraging Peter Hein, he went with fourteen Boats,
each Mann’d with two-hundred Arm’d Men upon the very Mouths of the Can-
nons to the fore-mention’d Battlement and took the fame, notwithftanding the
Stone Wall rofe eight Foot out of the Water, and above a hundréd Portuguefe de-
fended it, whileft the Admiral Willekens fent twelve hundred Soldiers, and two hun-
dred and forty Seamen afhoreswith Field-Pieces. The Forlorn-Hope confifted of
fixty Mufquetteers, led by Captain Helmond, who was {econded by Lieutenant La
Main, all the Seamen following with Spades and Pick-axes, the Referve was
brought up by Captain Kyf, Yfenach, and William Schouten ; thus drawn out, they
were led towards the City by the Guides Dirk Colver and Dirk de Ruiter, along a nar-
row Way, which the Portuguefe might have guarded with a few Men, had they not
been all ftruck with a pannick fear, and making ufe of the dark Night, fled into
the Woods. The Datch found in the City an incredible Booty, becaufe the Gover-, ..
nor Diego Mendoza de Furtado had forbid the carrying away of any Goods, that fo ‘kn,by the
the Citizens might be the eafier perfwaded to defend the City ; which they might
well have done, had they not been furpris’d with thefuddennefs of the A@ion ; for
when Willekens Anchor’d here, there were above fixteen hundred Soldiers, befides a
confiderable number of Arm’d Citizens in St. Salvador ; befides, in the Forts about
the City onthe Walls lay twenty three Brafs, and twenty fix Iron Guns.
This Victory was {carce obtain’d, when Colonel Dorth, who had loft the Fleet
at Point Vincent, arriv’d here after all was done, and caus’d Ediéts to be publifh’d, in
which the fled Citizens were promis’d greater Priviledges under the Netherlanders
Protection, than ever they had under the King of Spain. Whereupon a few Portus
guefe recurn’d to the City ; but the greateft part of them, and thofe the moft confi-
derable, were partly kept back by Command of the Bifhop Teixera, who laid the
fault concerning the lofs of the City on the Governor Furtado, and partly becaufe
they judg’d the Netherlanders unable to defend them againft the Spanifh Power.
About the fame time feveral rich laden Veffels arriv’d there from Lisbon, Janeiro,
Spirito Santo, Angola and other Places, all ignorant of the Conqueft of Sr. Salvador.
Whileft Dorth and Willekens were ordering all things within the City, the Outs
ftaying Portuguefe at laft taking courage, Storm’d the City from Midnight till the
next day in the Afternoon, but fearing they fhonld be fet upon behind unawares,
Retreated ; after which Dorth thinking he had been free from all fear of Enemies,
and with a {mall Guard riding out of the City to take a view of the adjacent Coun-
trey, was {carce got a Bowe-fhot from the Walls, when a great Body of Brafilians Col, Dent
rufh’d forth unexpectedly from an Ambufcade, and wounded him fo mortally, that Ambufcade,
he fell dead from his Horfe, and had his Head fuddenly chopt off, and his Body
mangled very terribly. —
Allart Schouten being chofen Governor in Dorth’s ftead, took nocare to fortifie the
City;and after his Deceafe his Brother William Schouten fucceeding him, regarded it
lefs, fo that all things went to ruine, every one ftriving onely to enrich themfelves.
Amongft other Booties, they took the rich laden Veffel which Francifco de Sarmiento,
Governor of (bili, brought to St. Salvador, with fifty eight thoufand Guilders, and 4
much greater fum of Gold and Pearls, all which was imbezled away.
This City St. Salvador, built by Thomas de Sofa along the Sea-fide, runs up broad Deferiptinn |
:

at the Suburb Carmo, hath four Market-places; into the biggeft whereof, being of asi,
long fquare, run nine Streets, the chief of which being very broad, hath many |
ftately Houfes. The fecond Market-place is of like form, onely it winds a little tos
wards the Right,and at the Entrance ftandsa ftrong Prifon. The Cloyfter St. Francis, t
|
inhabited by Je/uits, ftands in a Park near the Wall by which the Moat runs, Se:
wards

ee
——
a
 AMERICA Ope
watds the Sea-fide they havea fecond Structure, much flatelier than the Francifcan
.=

Cloyfter. Near the Prifon ftandsthe Armory, and fomewhat farther the great
Church, which Anno 1624. was not quite finifh’d. The Church dedicated to the
Virgin Mary appears with a high Spire near the Gate Bento, without which the great
—
Cloyfter Bento is built; butthe chief Church is St. Salvador. On the utmoft Point
towards the South-Weft of the City lies the Fort Autonio, between which and the
a
City ftands a very neat Pleafureehoufe, belonging to the Bifhop. Befides Antonio
there are four other confiderable Forts, viz, Diego, St. Maria, De Gracia, and Vittoria,
About half way between Vittoriaand the Cloyfter Bento, ftands the Caftle with four
Bulwarks ; but on the Northefide the City is guarded by the Forts St. Peter, Philippo,
7
——
‘< and Tapecipe. ? |
os
—
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-iio
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.°‘-———
—--
.;

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——_——
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oi
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COee ee Spanifh King feeming exceedingly concern’d at the lofs of fo eminent a Place,
-a
=. -
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+en
Le
4 7_;~-
a
ning ofSpain Cored out a great Fleet for the recovery of what had been taken from him ; but the
ot
po
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ea
ee
——-=
i
oe
=,
‘-. .-
Pm
-oa
+
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*°——=
Saivater Netherland Weft-India Company having notice of it, put themfelves into a pofture of
Defence, and in a fhort time made ready eighteen Men of War and feven Ketches,
a~- n

e.
—=
a_™
=-a-=

Mann’d with a thoufand fix hundred and ninety Seamen, and athoufand three huns
dred and fifty Land-Soldiers, John Dirk{zoon Lam being Admiral: But news coming
- oe
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lf
a+.
~iinet.
ee
ee. =
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oa
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day after day of the extraordinary Preparations in Spain, it was judg’d convenient
4
—F—
to ftrengthen the Fleet with fourteen Ships and two Ketches more, carrying athou-
eT
Bf
-= ty
fand four hundred and thirty Seamen, and five hundred eighty Soldiers, under the
*-
——
Pe
Command of General Boudewyn Henrick/zoon, and Admiral Andries Veron. Moreover,
nt
ee
aA
the We/t-India Company fitted out athird Fleet, confifting of four Frigats and three
KKetches, Commanded by Hlenry Kat, with Orders to Cruife along the Spanifh Coaft.
—
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ee
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e's
a
F—5

In the beginning of the Year 1625. Frederick de Toledo weighed Anchor from
Cales with one and thirty Gallions, four Pinnaces, three Tartans, anda Carvel,
all carrying feventy five hundred Men. The Soldiers were divided into three
Regiments, Commanded by the Colonels Pedro Oforio, Juan Orellana, and the Mar-
quels De Torreclu/a. |
Near St. fago at the African Cape Verde, Toledo joyn’d with the Portuguefe Fleet,
confifting of twenty one Gallions and fourteen Carvels and Barques, Mann’d with
four thoufand Seamen, two Regiments of Soldiers; Commanded by Antonio Nunnex
Barreto, and Francifco de Almeida; but the chief Commander of this Fleet was Emanuel
Menefes, Which great Fleet being arriv’d at St. Salvador, Toledo himfelf Landed at
the Fort Antonio, leaving the Command of the Fleet to Juan Fajardo: The firft thing
he did, was to fet upon the Cloyfter Bento; which having gain’d, he left Serjeant .
Troppani with two Regiments in the fame, whileft he went and Storm’d the Carme-
lites Minfter, and at laft took it ; but in the mean time four hundred Afollanders Sal-
lying out, made a furiotis Onfet upon the two Regiments, who had poffeffion of
the Cloyfter Bento, where the Spaniards fuftain'd confiderable. damage; for befides the
wounding of three Captains, and the lofs of agreat number of Soldiers,there were
flain the Commanders Emanuel Aquitara, Alonfo de Gana, Pedro San Stevan, Diego E pi
nofa,and Colonel Pedro Ofori, But Toledo no whit difmay’d hereat, but taking frefh
courage, Brought twenty nine Demi-Culverins afhore, which fir'd fo vehemently
out of the Carmelites and Bento’s Cloyfters, on the fevénteen Dutch Ships that lay
near the Shore, that feveral of them were funk, and others fhatter’d beyond hopes
of ever being repait’d. After this the Spanifb Army was divided into three feveral
Parties, which continually fir'd on the City from three mew rais’d Works ; the
chiefeft Party, which was in the (armelites Minfter, hadtwenty thiee Brafs Guns ;
the fecon’d, plac’d on the great Wall of the Cloyfter Bento, fir’d Night and Day
with eight Demy-Cannons on the City, in which all things were in a confufion,
: whileft
 Chap. VII. AMERICA
yD
whileft the Governor William Schouten went unconcer
nd from one Tavefn to ano-
ther railing at the Soldiers, who thereupon mutinying and dep
ofing him, chofe
Serjeant Hans Ernft Kyf in his room, who, as he was callin
g a Council of War, re»
ceiv'd a Summons from Toledo to deliver up the Cit
y, ar which Kof being much
furpris'd, feat a Drummer with a Letter to Toledo, defiri
ng him to grant the Be-
fieged three Weeks time to repair and make fic their batter’d Vefl
els to catry them
back for Holland, and alfo that the y might, accord
ing to Mattial Cuftom, march
out with lighted Matches, flying Colours, Bullets
in their Mouths, and with Bag
and Baggage. To which Toledo r etuirn’d Anfwer,
That. he was now in his own
‘Countrey, and had gotten poffeffion of four Fortificatio
ns about S t. Salvador, on
which he had pla nted thirty feyen Cannons, and therefore faw no fitc
h neceflity to
grant the Befieged (who could not poffibly e xpect
any frefh Supplies) fuch adyan-
tageous and bold Demands, and onely promis’d them
their Lives fhould be at his
difcretion. Yet at laft William Stoop, Flugh Antonifzoon,
and Francis du (hefne being St. Saluadop
fent to the ‘Carmelites Cloyfter, agreed with Toledo
on thefe Conditions : That the re-taken by
Hollanders fhould [urrender St. Salvador in the Conditio the Spaniards
n it was then im y march out unarm’d, insder
rom the Hol.
s,
but with Bay gage, and have a free Paffage with Provifio
ns and all things neceffary allow’d them
for their Tranfportation for Holland. Whereupon onthe
fir ft of May the City was de-
liver’d up to the Spaniards in fuch diforder, that fome of
them had taken pofleffion
of the Gate Bento, before thofe on the other & de of the Cit
y knew of any Agree-
ment that was made between Toledo and Colo nel Ayf
. And thus the Place which
had a whole year been under the Jurifdigtion of the Neth
erlanders, fell again under
the poffeffion of the Spanifh Crown, onely through the ind
ifcreetmanagement of the
Commanders ; for otherwile it was fufficiently ftrong
, and well ftor’d Am- with
munition and Men, being able to make out two thoufand.
Moreover, the Ketch
De Haes, was fet out before from the Holland Fleet, and
broug ht news of the Forces
that were fent from the Netherland Havens to their affiftan
ce : But the Ships under
Admiral Lam, as alfo thofe under Boudewyn Henricxoon,
were ftay’d a confiderable
time in their Harbors by contrary Winds, and at laft reaching
the Line were be-
calm’d, and through the exceffive heat of the Climate
m any Men loft by raging and
mortal Diftempers, infomuch that they reach’d not the
Bay Todos los Sanftos before
the twenty fixth of May, on which they faw the
Spamf(h Flag ftreaming from the
Walls of St. Salvador, and fift y great Ships riding at an Anchor
near the Shore.
The Netherland Fleet, divided into four Squadrons, confifted
of thirty four Sail,
amongft which Lam carryd the Flag on the Main-top,
the Vice-Admiral Adrian
Che/zoon on the Fore-top, the Rere -Admiral Advies Veron on
the Main-maft, and the
Commander of the fourth § quadron on the Mizne-top: All of
them fecing the Spas
niards abfolute Mafters jjudg’d it moft convenient to put
to Sea;but ftan
dingapretty
while to the South, they found that the frong Current drove them
to the Shelves
on the Weftefide of the Inlet; wherefore ‘Tacking about, they
made towards the
Enemy, who at firft {eem’d to meet them with twent y cight great
Ships, but re-
turning towards the City ,the Hollanders alfo ftood to Sea again,
Steering Southerly,
though without making much advantage in their Way, the Sea
going very hollow,
and the ftrong Current fetting them towards the Shore, by which mean
sthey were
in no fmall danger before the River Francifc 0, where many of the Men
dy’d for
Want of frefh Provifions, and the number of the Sick increas’d dail
y, infomnch
that fome of the Ships w ere like to perifh for want of Men
'to guide them: Ie
was alfo judg’d dangerous to lie longer with fuch a gteat Fleet near
a Lea-Shore,
c hetefore they put into the Inlet
Trayciaon, which lies a League to the Northward of
the River Monguapigape, from whence a ridge of Rocks extends to Tayciaon, and bein g
overfow’d
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
s,
flow ’d at Hig h-w ate r, hath thre e Ope nings or Entrances, two for great Ship
over alfo break-
and one, the moft Northern, for {mall Vellels to pafs through: The Sea
Ship s whatever Winds blow. The Coun-
this Clif ’ neve r mole fts the
ing againft a quar
Lake two Leagues long, and
trey is overgrown with Brambles, and hath a inhabited by, Portugue/es
ftood a Village,
ter broad, on the oppofite Shore of which
ce left the Brafilians in abfolute
and Brafilians , but the Portuguefes flying from then
d thirty Chefts of Sugar in one Hut ;
poflleffion : The Hollanders:going thither foun
to be brought afhore, whileft the
afer which the-Admiral Lam caus’d his fick Men
l, march’d up, into the Countrey,
Captains Bofhuifen, Swart, Dyke, Stapels, and Uzee .
el. Inthe mean time the Ketch Vosken,
wherethey got plenty of Oranges and Catt
ng the Sea-Coaft of Brafile, took three
Mann’d with thirty fix Seamen, Cruifing alo
n with Sugar and Tobacco, ano-
Ships, one out of the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, lade
and the third laden with Wines
cher with the fame Merchandife from Pernambuco, the great. forrowof
from Madera. On the firft of Augu/t the Fleet fet Sail again, to uguefe,
the Brafilians, who out of hopes of being protected by them againft the Port
no-
but now being forfaken, they expected
had joynd their Forces with theirs ; tted to go
them defir’d to be admi
thing but utter Ruine ; which to efcape, many of
ted them, had not the Hollanders wanted
along with the Fleet, which had been gran
offatSea, the Admiral Veron ran
Provifions for themfelves. The Fleet getting
Boudewyn Henrick{zoon kept eighteen
with twelve Sailto the Coaft of Africa; and Lan + and thus
e with Admiral
Ships under his Command, the reft returning hom hundred Dutch
rtunate Haven Trayciaon, where above feven
the Fleet left the unfo
efhing at (ape St. Vincent, fkeer’d
Seamen were bury’d. Bondewyn Henrick/xoon xefr
Wefterly, when a Storm (wh ichintwenty four bours blew from all Points of the
feparated the whole Fleet, and
Compafs) furprifing him, broke his Main-maft,
Ifle Virgin Gorda, the Fleet meet-
~ funk the Flufhing Erigat ; at laft getting beyond the
end of September ; into whofe
ing again, got to Juan de Porto Rico about the latter Mouth
age, notwithftanding the narrow
TaeCity Haven Henrick{xoon Sail’d with great cour
ie thereof was guarded by a ftro ng Fort full of Brafs Guns, which fir’d very fiercely
upon him, who onthe other fide was not idle in difcharging his Guns on the Fort;
and had notthe fhallow Water before the City prevented his Landing that day, he
had gotten a far greater Booty chan afterwards he met with, for the Inhabitants
had, during the Lowewater, remov'd all their bef Goods: but the next Morning
t hundred Men, march’d into the
before Sun-rifing, the Admiral Landed with eigh
on the Governor’s Houfe, guar-
City without any refiftance, pitch’d the States Flag
Ave nue s, unh oop ’d all the Win e-C ask s whi ch he found there, for fear his
ded all
h, and fonegleé& their Duty, fir'd
Men Should make themfelves Drunk therewit
e Brafs Guns, gain’d the Re-
from the Land-fide towards the Caftle with thre
unites the fmall Ifle on which
doubr, built for the fecurity of the Bridge, which
from whence he fir’d Day and
Porto Rico is built with the great, rais’d a Platform,
ne, whileftthe Commander Uzeel
Night with fix Cannons, guarded by Captain Thye
t of them fick, he.could not do
kept Watch near the Fort ; but his Men being mof
s Sallying out, as they did daily, .
any great Exploits, efpecially fince the Spaniard
t them Captain Uzeel, after he had fhot
Capt Dew kill’d many of the Hollanders, and amongf
age the Enemy repair’d by raking
a down two Turrets from the Caftle ; which dam
could not prevent frefh Sup-
feveral of the Elollanders Boats, by which means they beginning daily to
plies from goin g to the Caftle ; the Befiegers in the mean time
Provifions: whereupon Henrick/ x90
be in greater want for Ammunition and
it conv enie nt to foun d a Retr eat, afte r he had fet the Ships belonging to
judg’d
which Retreat he receiy'd fo many
the City Porto Rico on fire in four places. In farcwe
 Chap. VII. AMERICAS.
farewel Shots from the Fort, thatthey were forc’d to go to the 523
Leeward to flo
their Leaks, and leave one of their Ships to the Enemy, in lieu wher
eof the Weft.
Capel Frigat took a Barque with four Brafs Guns, in the
little Haven Sierra Gorda ,
from whence the Fleet ran intothe Weftern Bay of the
Ifland Porto Rico, where
whileft they repair’d and took in frefh Provifions, Henrick/zo
on fent the Ships Hefter
and Jonas richly laden for Holland ; the remaining
part of the Fleet meeting with
ftrong contrary Tydes at Porto Rico, were neceffitated to put
into the Inlet Francifco,
where they made feveral Marches up into the Countrey, to
the lofs of many of their
Men, which were kill’d by the Spaniards, lying in Ambu
fcade amongft the Bram-
bles that grew along by the Ways.
. Inthe middle of January, Anno 1626. Hlenrick/zoon
Sailing about the North of The Fort of
Porto Rico, fteer’d to Dominico, and from thence along the Margarita
Ifles Martinigo, Luzia, and taken by Hema
the Promontory De tres Puntas, towards the Ifland Margarita, rick{zoon,
where Landing, and
Storming the Caftle on the Land-fide with fifteen Men, he gain’
d the firft Breaft-
works ; but the Spaniards ftopping up the Way along which they
were to return,
they had without doubt been all flain, had not the Captains Stape
land E/fienne come
to their affiftance;for the Spaniards {eeing them climbing up the
Bulwarks, betook
them to their Heels,after they had kill’d nine of the fore-mention
’d fifteen, amongft
whom were the Captains Urk and Molkman : of thofe that
leap’d over into the Ditch
moft part efcap’d ; thofe few that were taken inform’d the Fioll
anders, That the
Way towards the Village, inhabited by Spaniards, was every wher
e ftopt up with
Barricado’s, through which none were able to pals. Hendrick{z
xoon thus becomé Mas
fter of the Fort, fentthe Booty which he had gotten there, toge
ther with three Brafs,
and five Iron Guns, aboard of his Ship, blew up the Fort, burn
t all the Houles,
and ran into the Haven Muchina, to which he gave the Denomina
tion of Port Mian-
rice; where, befides a great number of dry’d Fifh, he took forty Tun
of Salt out of
one Salt-pic, After this he taking in frefh Provifions at St. Fe, difco
ver’d Aves, a
low Ifle full of high Trees, took above two hundred Sheep, and abundanc of
e red
Wood on Bonaire, and before the Coaft a Spanifb Frigat richly laden, made
In{pe-
ctions into the Havens of Hifpaniola and Jamaica ; from whence he fell
back on the
Coaft of Porto Rico, about the Ifland Mona, where difcovering four Spanifh
Ships, he
took three of them, and burnt the fourth; he alfo got abundance of Tort
oifes and
Crocodiles on the great Caiman, and took a new Ship between the little fand
y Ifles
(4ios, as alfobefore Cubaa Barque, which inform’d him, That the Fleet
from the
Honduras, as alfo that from New Spain, was daily expected at Havana : Thence Sail-
ing into the Haven Cabannas, he took anew Veflel of a hundred Tun, and abun
dance
of Timber and Carpenters Tools one the Shore ; he Landed alfo with feven hun-
dred Men on the Eaftefide of the Haven, from whence he march’d along a narr
ow
Path a League up into the Countrey, where he found a running Stream, Paftu
res
full of Cattel, and a Village, the Inhabitants whereof being warn’d by the
Barking
of their Dogs, fled, and left all manner of frefh Provifions to the Fiollander
s, viz.
above two thoufand Oranges, abundance of Lemmons, Bananas, Hogs
, Calves, and
Bacon ; all which having fent aboard, they burnt the Village: After this they took
a Spanifh Barque before Havana, as alfo.a Ship laden with Timber, another
Barque
with Poultry, Cochenile, Money, and Haberdafhery Ware, one Veffel with live Tor-
toiles, and another: full of Salt, dry’d Fifth, and fome Merchandife. While the
Fleet was thus Cruifing up'and down before Havana, the Admiral Flenrick{z
oon
dy’d ; 2 Manof moft approv’d Valor, and of great Conduct: After whic
h Adrian Herith{zoon
Chefxoon carry’d the Flag ; but the Men mutinying about the dividing of the Pro- 28, res
vifions, which began to grow very {carce, all things fell into great diforder ; the Adrian Chef=
* ¥ *
Xeon,
“ 4 F Seamen
 52.4. AMERICA, | Chap. VII.
Seamen rebell’d againft their Commanders, faying, That they bad been out long enough,
and that they would not ftay waiting any longer for the Fleet from New Spain or Honduras:
Wherefore fteering Home, they all arriv’d fafe at the Texel and other places in
Holland.
In our foregoing Relation we have given you an Account of the Fleet which
came to affift the City of St. Salvador, divided into two Squadrons; eighteen Sail
Boudewyn Henrick{zoon kept under his ‘Cpudaaed: and twelve Sail remain’d in the
Admiral Veron’s Squadron, who Sail’d to the Inlet Serre Leona, where he found the
Admiral John Dirk{xoon Lam with three Ships, whichhad lay’n there above two
Moneths, by reafon of the Sicknefs amongft the Seamen.
Frambore, King of this Place, granted Lam and Veron free liberty to Hunt, callto
gather as many Oranges and Lemmons as they pleas’d, with which the Seamen
were fo refrefh’d, that they fet Sail again, and amongft many other thingscarry’d a
A frangee Baboon with them from Sierra Leona, which fo exactly refembled a Man, that it
ton,” was wonderful to behold , having a Body, Hands, Eyes, Ears, Feet, and Actions
like a Man, {moak’d Fahaten amongft the Seamen, made a hoite like a Child when
beaten. The Inhabitants of Sierra Leona, where Raa Montfters run in great Com-
panies through the Woods, believe that rhe Souls of the Deceafed refide in them.
Fobn de Laet, in his annual Journal of the Tranfactions of the Weft-India Com- —
pany, affirms, That he faw a Female of thefe monftrous Creatures, which ufually
had her monethly Flowers.
The Fleet, as is before mention’d, Sailing from Sierra Leona, came to an Anchor
at Commany, and Landed twelve hundred Men at Poquena, befides a hundred and
fifty Negré’s; which Regiment Andries Veron and Arend Jacobfzoon carry’d to the
Tre Hellan- Caltle Del Mie, whither they before fent a Company, Commanded by Hans Gryf,
ders illfuccefs
before the to prevent the Sallies ofthe Enemy. The Hbllanders tit’d and thirfty, Encamp’d
ain thempfelves, near the Fort, and whileft fome of the Men were feeking for Water;
others fmoaking ‘Tobacco, and lying without their Arms and in diforder on the
Ground, and the Commanders were taking a view of the Fortfrom a neighboring
Hill, two hundred Negro’s fell:upon the fearter’ d Army with great rage and fury,
and fo much the greater, in regard the Portugue/e had promis’d them great fums of
Money for every Hollander they kill’d : never any Army was in fuch adiftraétion,
they being difpers’d and kill’d like fo many Sheep, the Admiral Veron and all the
Officers flain, and in a fhort time four hundred and forty Men cut off; and had
not Captain Arend Jacob/zoon been in League with the Inhabitants of (ommany, whi-
ther the routed Regiments fled, not one Man had efcap’d that bloody Slaughter:
Nor wasit to uate purpofe to Befiege the Caftle Del Mine, becaufe the Bullets hit-
ting againft the Walls of the Caftle, built all of Rock+ftones, did no Execution.
But the four Ships inform’d of shitemiferable deftruétion, fell down to Commany,'
to fetch thofe that were left alive, and return’d home with the other eleven.
During the unfortunate Expedition of this Fleet, the We/t-India Company fitted out
nine great Ships and five Ketches in the beginning of the Year 1626, under the
Command of Peter Peter/zo0n Hein, to Cruife for the Spanifp Ships that were expe-
cted from New Spain and Honduras.
The Fox Frigat being fent before to inform Henrick/zoon of Heyn’s coming, reach’d
about thelatter end of May beyond the Ifles Dominico, Guadalupa, Mevis, St. Chrifto-
phers, and by Santa Crux ; there not finding a Harbor on the South-fide, becaufe of
the Rocks, fhe Sail’d ions Mona over to the Main Coaft, where feven Laspitts Welt.
ward of Carake/s, he difcover’d a high broken Lard, whole Mountains feem’d to
reach tothe Clouds; from thence fhe fteer’d to sud Promontory Caldéra, the Ifles
Marga-
Chap. VII. CAAMERSICA © ey 529
Margareta and Coche, on which laft-he took abundance of Goats, hot without the
lofs of forty fix Men, kill’d by the Spaniards and Indians.
Mean while the “Aueateal Peter Heyn, in the beginning of June, Sail ‘d to the
Southward of Barbados, an Ifland pretty mountainous, as hath been formerly mens
tion’d, and full of Woods, and by Martinino, whofe Hills are very high and over-
grown with Trees, Heté Peter Heyn could get nothing elfe but fwieet.Water, and
a Fruit refembling a green Grape, which grew on 4 rduind Lieav’d, Tree, whole
Juice cur’dthe Scurvey. Sailing from hence, and Landing on Guadalupa, he fourid
a Canoo {even Fathom long and one broad, sti cut ot of one Tree. The Inhabi-
tants, a well timber’d People, went ftark naked, and defir’d to be excus’d, that they
could not furnifh the Hollanders with more Reowiftins , becaufe the Frendhi and Eng-
lifh, Inhabitants of Se. Chriftophers, had pillag’d them.
Near Mona the Fox Frigat joyn’d withthe Fleet, with information, that hetould
hear no tydings of Henrick/xoon ;wherefore Peter Bein judg’d it convenient to Sail
along the South-Coaft of Hispaniola with a feparated Fleet, which was to joyn again
neat the great Caiman. Neat Cape de Corientes the Dutch took a Spanifh Ship laden with
Sarfaparilla ; after that another with Salt and Fifh, and on the Shelves before Coche
before the Promontory Antonio, a Fly-boat with Tallow and Hides, and at the
fame places two Veffels more with Ballaft, the Men whereof inform’d him, that
the Fleet from New Spain had about a Moneth before weigh’d Anchor from the
Haven Juan de Ulva, and fet Sail to Havana; fo that without doubt they were arri-
ved there ; wherefore Peter Hleyn fteer’d towards Tortugos, in hopes, if he could, to
overtake fome of the heavy Sailers. Before the Promontory De Florida he dilco-
ver'd feven Sail, and coming up nearer, above thirty, which, liad Henrick/zoon been
united with Peter Heyn,had without doubt fallen into the hands of the Netherlanders;
but it being judg’d a madnefs to fetupon fo great a Fleet with fo {mall a number of
Ships, they Sail’d away undifturb’d. Peter Heyn fteer’d his Courfe along Florida,
where he met three Canoos with ftrange Men in them, who came aboard of him,
their Bodies being naked, were painted with feveral colours, onely Mats of Rufhes
about their Middle, and ontheir Backs long Taffels hanging down: their Mer-
chandife confifted of a fort of Gumof little value. The Netherlanders in this Place
took alfoa Veffel with Sina Leaves, and fome pounds of Ambergreece: but the
Scurvey increafing daily amongft them, they Tack’d about, and ran toan Anchor
at Sierra Leona, where they ftay’d tillthe latter end of January 1627. and then fer Sail
to Brafile, and overtook a Veffel from Madera laden witha hundred and fifty Pipes
of Wine, and other tich Goods, and ran into the Inlet Todos los Sanétos with undaun-
ted courage,
not regarding the Guns that were fir'd from the Fort and Battlements
of the City St. Salvador, nearwhichJay thirty Sail of Ships, to which he makingup, ,
fteer'd between the Portuguefe Admiral and Rere-Admiral, whomfinking, he forc’d Puc agsint
the Admiral to furrender, whileft the Hollandia and Geldria Frigats fell upon the refk, sue Fleet
which were forfaken by thé Seamen, who leap’d over-board ; then feveral Mann’ d
Boats of the: Hollanders (notwithanding the Enemy’s continual firing) went and |
fetch’d off twenty two Sail of the Portuguefe Veflels; all whichthey did in three
hours time, onely with the lofs of fifty Men, befides fome that were wounded,
amongft whom was the Admiral, being fhot with a Bulletthroughthe Arm, and
wounded inthe Legs with a Splinter ; his Ship alfo was,with the Gelria Frigat,
driven with the Spring-Tide on a Bank, whence, after the Gelria had receiv'd abave
fixty Shot from the Enemy, they both got off at laft; but the Admiral’s Frigat be-
ing fhot ina manner to 2 Wreck,was fet on fire,swhich Misfortune ended not there,
. forthe Orange-tree Frigat blew up, with fixty Nets fourteen whereof, though mife-
| ¢ Ccc —
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
rably fcorch’d, had their Lives fav’d. Soon after which the Admiral fent into —
Holland the Ship St. Peter, the Hoop, Noftra Sennora de la Vittoria, and the Black-Lyon,
which befides their Lading of Hides, Silver, Gold, and Precious Stones, were
moft of them full'of Sugar ; which fafely arriving, did not a little encourage the
Weft-India Company- After this Heyn took two Ships with Slaves from Angola,
which becaufe the Governor of St. Salvador would not redeem, were put afhore on
Taperica. On the laft of March he fet Sail from the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, pafs’d by
Morro Pablo, and on Eafter Eve with a ftrong Gale by the Abrolhos: before the High.
land between Cape Frio and the River De enero, he difcover'd two Sail, one whereof
being laden with Sugar was taken, but the other efcap’d in the Night ; then Sail-
ing on to the meandring Stream Spirito Sanéto, he digg’d Pits on fome of the River-
Ifles to gét frefh Water, becaufe it was not fafe to Land on the Continent on each
fide, becaufe the Inhabitants fhot frequent fhowers of Arrows from the Thickets,
in which they layambufcaded. Moreover the Town Spirito Sanéto fent off feveral
Fire-fhips at the time of Flood, but they being eafily quench’d did no harm. Here
alfo a Veflel laden at Lisbon with Wines and Piece-Goods, was taken by Heyn, who
fetting Sail again divided the Fleet into three Squadrons, the Vice-Admiral (or-
nelis Oole keeping three Ships to Cruife withal before the River La Plata, Henrick
Be/t had one Frigat,a Ketch,anda Carvel, to guard the Mouth of the Stream Jenero,
whileft the Admiral himfelf Sail’d with four Frigats, three Ketches, and a Barque,
towards the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, where two Ships riding near the Shore by the
Fort Tapecipe, were by him fet on fire. Alfo taking a Barque he was inform’d, that
fix laden Veffels lay in the River Tapecipe, whither he fending fome Boats toexplore
» the truth, they found a great Ship without Men in the Mouth of the Stream, and
half a League farther fix Portuguefe Veflels lying nearthe Shore; bringing back
news thereof to the Admiral, he went aboard of the Fox Ketch the next Morning,
and taking two Ketches and feveral Boats with him, Sail’dup the River, and perr
ceiv'd that the fore-mention’d fix Ships were gotten up higher, and were Mann’d
with a hundred and fifty Soldiers, Commanded by Captain Padilha ; the Portuguefe
Admiral lyinginAmbufcade, no fooner perceiv’d the Netherlanders Boats, but he
let flie a whole Volley of fmall Shot at them, infomuch that it made them Retreat,
and their whole Defign had been fruitlefs, had not Hleyn aninvated his Men to board
the ViceeAdmiral, which encouragement prov’d fo fuccefsful that they mafter’d the
fame, killing all thofethat fellinto their hands; which fo amaz’d the two Veffels
that lay by, that all the Men fwam afhore, and left their rich Ladingto thedifpofal
of the Hollanders, befides which the vanquifh’d Party loft above a hundred and fifty
Men, and the Conquerors but fifteen. Somewhat farther up lay three Ships more,
but the River being dry there at Low-water, and fo narrow that the Trees on each
Shore could touch one another, Heyn judg’d it convenient to profecute the Defign
no farther, but to return with the three fore-mention’d Prizes, which he did mot
without great difficulty ;for the Portuguefe had rais’d Battlements on each fide of
the Mouth of the River Tapecipe, and ftopt the fame witha funk Veflel, which Heyn
himfelf fet on fire at Low-water, and return’d untouch’d through thick Volleys of
Shot, which flew about his Ears to the Fleet, leaving the three Ships to be fetcht
off afterwards; to which end he commanded that they fhould hang fome of the
taken Hides about the Fox Ketch’s Pinnace, the Carvel and Boats, that fo the Men
which were in them might ftand fecure from the fmall Shot, and the rather, be-
caufe the Ships could not be got out of the fhallow and narrow River but by-Toe-
ing. Mean while the Governor of St. Salvador lay with 2 confiderable number of
Citizens and Soldiers behind the fore-mention’d Battlements, not doubting but to
~ tak e
Chap. VII. AMERICY. 527
take revenge for the Loffes fuftain’d by Heyn; who neveithelefs coming down thi:
ther Toed outthe three Prize-fhips with Boats hung about with Hides, firing into
the Enemies Battlements with his great Guns, which he had put aboard of the Fox
Ketch. About the middle of June he took in the Prize-goods in view of the City
St. Salvador, where {even Netherland Ships from feveral places lay atan Anchor.
Setting Sail from hence of the fourteenth of July, and reaching Noronbo, known by
a Mountain which appears like’a Steeple, he met with (ornelis Oole’s Fleet, ¢who
had been Cruifing before La Placa) with whom he arriv’d fafe in the Texel, having
in their Way thither from Noronbo taken a Prize, laden with Sugar, Tobacco, and
Brafile Wood. |
During Peter Heyn’s Expedition Thomas Sickes, fitted out by the We/t-India Coni- omit Sick
pany, weighed Anchor out of the Texel with two Sail, and coming to St. Vincent he a
found a Spanifh Veflel burnt down to the Hulk, took a Portugue/e Pink with Slaves
from Angola: Near the Inlet Todos los Sanétos he funk a Barque; having firft taken
feveral Pots of Oyl and Packs of Linnen out of the fame: Before Pernambuco he
took a Carvel with a hundred and eighty Pipes of Wine, and a Veffel with Sugai
and Hides, and drove another afhore againft the Promontory St. Augu/tine, But
Sickes being fupply’d and ftrengthned by three Ships from the Texel, and four tas
ken Veflels, ran with four to Todos los Santtos, fent two to Cruife about Cape St.
Auguftine, and two moreto! the North of Pernambuco : Acthe Ifle Noronbo they were
ordet’d to ftay a Moneth one for another, from whence, after much hardfhip, they
return’d home with fo many rich Prizes, that they pay’d their Charges ten times
double; which fo encourag’d the Adventurers, that the Chamber of the Weft-India
Company in Zealand fitted out three Sail under the Command of Henrick Lucifer temick tx:
who weighing Anchor from Flafhing Anno 1627. fteer'd along the Coaft of Africa Wi wp:
to the Amazone River, and from thence North North-Weftto the Stream Wiapoco, pany.
to fettle a Colony there; to which purpofe Rowing up the River with Sloops, they
came in the Nightto two empty Houfes, built at a place call’d Wacogenive, which
they judg’d fit for their purpofe; wherefore they carry’d all things. afhore which
they had brought out of Zealand with them for the new Planters, who while they
were all bufie building of Huts,a Negro was taken Prifoner, who being ask’d why
the Inhabitants fled? reply’d, That it was occafion’d from a guilty Confcience;
for two years before a Barque and two Sloops with (briftians coming thither from
the Amazone River, had ftay’d thirty days on Wacogenive, when unawares they were
fet upon by the Natives, and all kill’d except three, who were yet living. Upon
which Lucifer,having four Indians,three Men and one Woman, aboard of his Veliel,
threatned to put them all tothe Sword, unlefs they would produce the three fore-
mention’d Chriftians : Whereupon the next day a German came to the Water fide,
of whom they could get little Information, he having ina manner forgot his native
Tongue ; but at length the other two coming thither, the eldeft of them, nam’d
Jobn Hendric{zgon, related to him, That the Portuguefe in great numbers fell upon
the Plantations near the Amazone River, Govern’d by Captain Oudaen, who after he
had fought valiantly a whole day, being overpower’d by number, retreated to his
Barque, and Sail’d into the Creek inhabited by the Englifh, whither the Portugue/e
following in Canoos, cut off not onely Oudaen, but the Englifh alfo, forty fix Men
onely efcaping in a Barque under the Command of Lieutenant Peter de Bruine to
the River Wiapoco ; where they had ftay’d about three days, when Sergeant Matruit
treacheroufly fhot Lieutenant Bruine: after which the forty fix divided them.
felves into four Parties ; but the Inhabitants. to rid themfelves of thefe Strangers,
under the fhew of great friendfhip,made them Drunk with the Liquor call’d sista?
Ccc2 an
 AMERICA. _ Chap. VIL
and then murder’d them all, except himfelf and two Germans. Which villanous a&
Lucifer judg’d worthy of punifhment ; but his Orders being to thew Kindnefs and
but built a tri-
Civility to the Inhabitants, he fuffer’d the Murder to go unpunifh’d,
angular Fort near the River Wiapoco, on a Hill eight Fathom above the Shore, to
prevent the paffing by of Sloops ; which done, he went to vifit the Ifland Blanco,
where he caught three hundred Goats. From thence he went to the Bay of Honda,
the Inhabicants whereof are a valiant People, tall of Stature, having long Beards,
and wearing Copper Rings through their Ears. Near the Sea-fide is a Salt-pan, of
which the Inhabitants make great benefit. Lucifer fetting Sail again from hehce,
met with three Ketches fent out by the WefteIndia Company at Amflerdam, before
Corientes. The Commander Dirk, Simonfxoon van Uitgeeft, fteering his Courfe to-
wards the Promontory St. Anton, took a Frigat laden with Meal, Silk, and other
rich Goods, and within view of Cuba near the River Poros, defcrying two brave
Gallions from Honduras, bore up to them with his three Ketches, one of which,
call’d The Lyon, being got betwixt’ both the Gallions, was in no {mall danger, the
Netherlanders not being able to get up out of their little Veflel into the high Gallions,
in which the Spaniards ftood pufhing them down with their Pikes ; but no fooner
did the Netherlanders throw theit Hand-Granado’s amongft them, but Uitgeeft got
aboard of the Gallion,
and carry’d her off, whileft the other by nimble Sailing got
away. With this Prize Witgee/t thinking himfelf {ufficiently enrich’d, fteer’d home-
wards, | |
Fooft Fobnfon and Claes Henrick{xoon, Commanding each of them a Ketch, took a
a Ship coming. from Lisbon before Pernambuco, laden with Meal, Salt, Wine, and
thirty Monks; and not long after a Pink with fix hundred Negro's, a Barque with
Salt and Iron, 2 Ketch with Wine, anda Frigat with Brafile Wood, Sugar and To-
bacco: Before Itamerica they took two Prizes more ; with all which they return’d
to the Texel. t eloteie ON «
Peter Adri«
an{zocn's
The Wef/t-India Company thus. enrich’d by the Spoil taken from their Enemies,
Expedition, fitted out twelve Ships again under the Command of Peter Adrianfzoon Ita, which
fet Sail in the beginning of the Year 1628. and anchor’d firft before Blanca, an Ifle
abounding with Goats,the Ground ftonie, and in fome places/Rocky, and having a
{mall, but very convenient Haven, from whence 'Ita ran beyond Porto Rico, where
he took a Veffel with feven thoufand weight of Ginger, and Landed oppofite to
Hifpaniola on the ftonie Ifle Catalina, where he took in frefh Water, and then Cruis’d
to and again before Cuba, took fix Barques, the Prifoners whereof inform’d him,
That the Honduras Traders were ontheir Way coming thither, and that they had
twofmallMen of War for their Convoy: Not long after Ita difcover’d them
Sailing along the Shore towards the Haven of Havana, but before they could get in,
Captain John Peters, whofe Ketch carry’d two Brafs, and fourteen Iron Guns, boars
ded the Vice-Admiral, but having no Graplings to take hold with, the Spanifh Ship
ran aground, aslikewife John Peter/zoon in the purfuit of him; which the Admiral
feeing, came'to affift his Vice-Admiral, and ran aground on one fide of Fohn Peters,
which drove the Netherlanders Ketch in great danger, fhe not being able to do Exe-
cution with her {mall Guns, whileft the Spaniards with their Demy-Cannon play’d
vehemently upon her ; neither was Ita, by reafon of calmnefs and contrary Tide,
able to come up with them, but was forc’d to ftand Northerly, that fo he might:
get an Eafterly Wind, which about Noon always blows frefh here, and fo by de-
grees got near the Spanifh Fleet, till atlaft coming up with the Vice-Admiral, call’d
St. Jago, he threw Fire-pots into her, and prefently after boarding her, enter’d with
that Valor, that of three
, hundred
= aSpaniards
t Salide above
gc ahundred and fifty
) were flaina ;
 Chap. VII. AMERICA 529
for thofe that leapt over-board were kill’d inthe Water, whileft Joachim Guyszoon,
jobn Braems, and Anthony Gonde fell upon the Admiral Sennora de los Remedios , and
took her. In both thefe Ships Ita took Two thoufand five hundred Chefts of Ins
digo; above Six thoufand Hides, Twothoufand five hundred Packs of Sarfaparilla,
feveral Pots of Balfam Oyl, Seventy thoufand Pound of Ginger, One and twenty
Bats of Silver, Twelve Brafs, and Twenty eight Iron Guns ; all which having
taken out, he fet fire in both the Ships.
A little before this Viétory , the Fortune Frigat weighed Anchot from Flu/bing,
with fixty three Men of War, to be Landed on the Ifland Tabago. At St. Vincent
they found two Men that were left of feven , who having fetled along the River
Wiapow, under Captain John Van yen,
R were forc'd by the falvage Natives to remove,
two whereof dyed by the way, the remaining five landing onthe Ifle Trinidad, had
three of their Companions kill’d by the Indians of Granada, they being Frenchemen,
to whom the Natives bore an inveterate Hatred , fo that they left onely the two
Follanders alive. The Fortune affifted by the South-/tar Ketch , took a rich Barque
near the Jfles des Virgines. ; |
Not long after the Weft-India Company fet out twelve Ships more, under the ss?
Command of Derick Simon/zon Uitgeeft, (who had the year before brought home the ow
two fore-mention’d great Prizes,) who fetting Sayl and getting into the large Bay
of the Rocky Ifland Vincent , catch’d feveral Goats and Tortels. Before the Coaft
of Brafile he took two rich Carvels, one from Pernambuco, and another from the Ine
Jet Todos los Sanétos ; which Prizes having fent home with three Ketches, he fayl’d
towards Sierre Leona, known by high and thick Woods, which grow ona high
Coaft; from whence returning agai to Pernambaco , he took fix richladen Vele
fels , amongft which was one Gallioon from Goa, witha great Treafure of Dia-
monds, | AEs |
Thefe fuccefsful Expeditions of the Fleets fet out from time to time by the Eapeditons
Weit-India Company, enabled and encourag’d them to undertake Matters of great-
er confequence, viz, They fitted out one and thirty Sail,,'which carryed four thou.
fand Men , one hundred and thirty Brafs Guns, and five hundred fifty eight Iron
Guns; of which Peter Peterszoon Hein being Admiral, took near the Soundings of
Tortuga, two Barques from Havana, the Men whereof inform’d him, that the Plate-
Fleet was not yetarriv'd there, nor that from Terra Firma, but were both expected
every day... The ftrong Current drove Peter Hein farther Eaftward beyond Havana
than he expected , infomuch that he got fight of Matanca, where he overtook a
Barque fent out by Landronce de Cabrera, Governor of Havana, to give notice to the
Plate Fleet of the Hollanders Ships, which he had feen from the Caftle Morro before .
Havana: Mean while John Van Hoorn took a Veflel which was {ent out before by Poy
the Plate Fleet ; the Men whereof inform’d him that the Fleet it felf was near at sect
ipes
hand; which Peter Hein found to be true,when the next Morning before Sun-rifing then
he defcry’d ten Sayl, of which fomehad ignorantly fayled to Leeward,and others
to Windward. of the Dutch Fleet. nine'of them which were Laden with Hides,
Meal, Campeche-Wood, Cochinele, Indigo, and other rich Goods, were taken by
feveral Mann’d Sloops, becaufethe Ships were not able to. come up to them by
reafon of the Calm. About Noon Peter Hein difcovering nine Gallions more,
made fudden Chace after them ; which they perceiving, made toward the Shore,
and about Twilight in the Evening they ran aground in the Bay of Matanca, where
the Commanders Landing faved themfelves, each carrying with him what Jewels
they could. About Break of Day Peter Hein made all the Say! he could poffible to
come up with them) and {eeing them. faft aground, leapt into a Boat and Rowed
3 Cee 3 up
\
 530 AMERICA. Chap. VII,
up tothe Admiral, who fired eight Guns, whileft his Men got afhore : Hein aps
proaching the Gallioon, faw no way to get up, till at laft one of his Men {pying a
Rope, climb’d up the fame, and-made faft other Ropes for his Companions to get
up by, the Spaniards tanding ftill gaping upon him, as iftheir feet and hands had
been ty’d , which made Peter Hein grant them their Lives; which the other Gal-
lions feeing, furrender’d themfelves upon promife of Quarter ; by which the Spa-
nifhb Crown loft , befides the Musk, Bezoar, Ambergreece , and the Cargo of two
Gallioons and a rich Prize, above One hundred and fifty Tun of Gold.
The Night fucceeding this great Victory being fomewhat Tempeftuous, drove
the Gallioons from the Bank on which they ftuck the Day before, into deeper Wa-
ter: Five Days they {pent in unlading of the taken Veflels, after which Peter Hein
fet Sayl with four Gallioons, anew Spanifh Merchant-Man, and his own Fleet, out
of the Bay of Matanca, on the Seventh of September, Anno 1628. for Holland , where
in a fhort time he fafely arriv’d.
The Exped? ©The Tyger Frigat fent from Zealand,and Commanded by Lucas Pol, Anchor’d be-
Pa.“ fore Blanca, where he brought away above five hundred Goats : This Ifland which
| is fix Leagues in circumference, hath on the Weft a Sandy Inlet, fit for great Ships
to Ride at Anchor; Moreover, it is fteepand Rocky, in the Valleysthe Grafs
grows above half a Manslength. The Woods are overgrown with Thorns; the
Soy] alfo would produce much more fruit, did not the Rats, Leguanes, Hedge-hogs,
and other Animals, devour and fpoil the Plants.
Pol leaving this Ifland ran to Tortuga, a low Ifle, except on the Weft fide; it pro-
duces Guaiacum, or Pockewood, in great abundance, and nourifhes great Flocks of
Goats, and hath an eminent SaltePan ; in all which things it is parallel’d with the
Ifland Orchilla, known by its high Mountains onthe Eaftand Weft ; the other part
thereof not being above fix Foot above the Water : Pol Landing here, catry’d off
above two hundred Goats near the Weftern Shore, whofe bryny Soil produces
neither Grain, nor Grafs, ' The Trees which are on the fame are fo dry and weak,
that they may be pufhtdown with one hand ; Neither are there any Birds to be
found here, except Owls’; nor Beafts, except Goats and great Hedgechogs. Pol
fayling from hence, fteer’d by the nine Wooddy Ifles call’d Roceas, and the three
call’d Aves, to,Bonaire, a pretty large rifing Ile, which on the North-Weft hath
a convenient Road, a frefh Water-fpring, ftore of Sheep, on which the Spaniards
live ; Pock-wood, and Cotton Trees : Then fteering to the Ifle Mona, he found
the fame to be furrounded with Rocks, and full of Horned Cattel difficult to be
catch’d becaufe of the thick Woods, in which grow exceeding good Oranges. »Pol
leaving this Ifle, fet fayl and fteer’d for Flafhing, where he fafely arriv’d without ha-
ving perform’d any remarkable Exploits. |
firienPur Mean while the Weft-India Company fitted out twelve Sayl more, under the
tion, Command of Adrian Fobnzon Pater, who fet fayl in the middle of Augu/t, and Crui-
{ed in vain about the Flemmifh Ifles for Spanifh Ships : About the beginning of the
Year 1629. he fent away three Ships under the Command of Martin Landrode, from
the Ifland of Ste Vincent , whileft he himfelf ran with'the:reft of the Fleet into the
Inlet Todos los Sanétos., within a League from the City Salvador , where there lay
onely feven Barques near the Shore , which he judging not worth’the while to-ha-
zard his Shipsand Men for, fteer’d to Pernambuco, took a‘rich Laden Barque in his
Voyage, and was inform’d by a Brafilian that came aboard of him on floating Pie-
ces of Timber, that three Sayl of Ships full of Goods were return’d to’ Reciffa, fo
foon as they heard of the Dutch Fleet : But Pater judging no good to be done there,
return’d back to the Caribbee I/lands , where near Granada he tound three Dutch Vel-
. . fels,
Chap. VII. AMERICA, yt
fels, which had likewifé Cruis’d in vain before the Coat of Brafile. ) Moréover, the
Pegafus, Raven, and Hart Frigats, parted from the Fleet to Cruife about Monges, tous
ching at Blanca, they took abovea thoufand Goats, and between the Cliffs of the
liccle Ifles Monges, abundance of Fith ; but defcrying no Spanifh Ships, they Sail’d to
the Ifland De Vacca, which hath a brave Harbor, delightful Woods, pleafant Pas
ftures, frefh-water Brooks, and abundance of wild Horfes, Hogs, and Lyons, of
which the Sea-men took an infinite number. Before the low Promontory Corientes,
overgrown with Trees, they got two Prizes laden with Campeche Wood.
Thefe three fore-mention’d Frigats, as alfo the Walcheren and South-ftar
from
Zealand, joyn’d with Pater’s Fleet, whenhe receiv’d Information, that
a confiderae
ble number of Spanifh Ships were fuddenly expeéted from Campeche : Whereupon
Paters divided his Fleet into three Squadrons, whereof the Forlorn confift
ed of
three Sail, the Referve of the like number, and the Admiral kept five under
his
own Command: Thus divided, they ftood to and again before Cape Corientes,
when Captain John Stapel brought three, and Jobn van Hoorn four Netherland Ships to
their affiftance.
Floorn having fet Sail from the Texel about-the latter end of April, was beaten off Heorw’s Ex
from Granada with poyfon’d Arrows, and took a Prize before the Promontory ait
St. Anthony, the Men whereof inform’d him, that the Governor Gabriel de Chaves
Oforio, an old Soldier, had great trouble in repairing the Walls, Forts and Houfes
in
the City, which two years before had been blown down by a great Storm, and that
fix great Ships were lading to go for Carthagena with the Gallions for Spain, becaufe
they durft not Steer by Porto Rico for fear of the Netherlanders ,moreover, that abun-
dance of Ginger was {poyl’d for-want of Veflélsto carry it away; and that the
Citizens were in great want for Stuffs,none having come in a long time from Spain;
in like manner there went none but Copper. Coin, fo that nothing was to be got
there. .The Silver and GoldeMines were not look’d after, the Spaniards not
caring to work, and the old Natives weredong fince cut off, infomuch that if the
Imperial Court was not keptin St. Domingo, to which belong’d Cumana and (oro,
that City and Ifland, and Aii/paniola it {elf, would foon be leftdefolate. Hoorn theres
fore Sail’d by the Promontory St. Crniz, being alow Point overgrown with Trees,
into the Bay, twenty Leagues from the Mouth whereof lie the Ifles Jardin de la
Reyna. Before (orientes he took a Barque with three hundred and fix Guns, fene
from Havana, the Men whereof inform’d him, That the Governor of Havana, call’d
Laurence de Cabrera; having Intelligence of the Dutch Fleets approach, \rais’d many ©
Men, and gave notice to the Ships in all the Harbors thereabouts , after which he
took another rich Prize, and joyn’d at laft with Paters Fleet, which now confifted
of twenty Sail, with which he Steer’d for the Soundings of Tortugas, where the
Fleet met with a dreadful Tempeft, wherein a Thunderbolt fplitting the Main-
Yard of the Hunter Frigat, fell down by the Maft, and rowl’d out at one of the
Port-holes, kill’d the Purfer, and wounded two more in the Head: great fhow-
ers of Rain fell daily, when Samuel Lucas and Captain Outger Minne brought feven
Sail of Ships more to the Fleet, with which Paters put in for frefh Provifions into
the {pacious and fecure Haven De Cabannas, where feveral Ifles lie, formerly inha-
bited by Shepherds and Carpenters. |
From hence Paters Sail’d by Havana, mended the Portsholes of his lower Deck,
and took off the Top-gallant Mafts, becaufe in September the ufual Storms begin
here; and feeing that he could not do any Exploit with fo great a Fleet, he fent
nine Ships home, and with the.reft went to Barbados; where-at that time there were
about fifteen hundred, Bxglijh that Planted Tobacco. |
TSS SOP . Pater
 $32 AMERICA. Chap. VIL.
Paters Sailing from hence, ran to the Main Continent of America, infpected the
River Oronogue, where he quenched the Town St. Thomas, that had been fet on fire
by the fled Inhabitants, and brought aboard all what they had left. |
Kenrick tom During his fruitlefs Expedit ,the ion
We/t-India Company Rigg’d out twenty feven
aves *xpedic Soil under the Command of Henrick Longue, Peter ita, and foot Bankart, the Land-
Soldiers being Commanded by Diederick van Waerdenberg. Longue coming to St. Vine
cent, ftay’d a long time at Anchor there; for in regard the Spaniard in the Low Coun-
treys rang’don the Veluwe, and had taken Amersfoort, the States of the United Nether-
lands were fore’d to keep thofe Men in their Service which the We/t- India Company
had rais'd.; but fo foon as Weel was retaken, and the Hartogen-Bofch won by Frede-
rick Flenrick, Price of Orange, thirty fix Sail were fent to Lonque’s affiftance ; of
which fome came fooner to him than others at St. Vincent, where he had ftay’d four
Moneths without doing any remarkable Exploit. On St. Steven’s Day he fet Sail
with fifty two Ships, thirteen Sloops, and two. Prizes, all Mann’d with feven
thoufand Men, which meeting with contrary Winds and Calms, lay a great while
under the Line, the Scurvey began to encreafe amongft them daily, infomuch that
above twelve hundred lay fick, and three hundred dy’d fince they fet Sail from
St. Vincent ; yet atlaft Longue getting fight of Olinda, fent Waerdenberg on the fourth
of February with fixteen Ships, carrying three thoufand Mento Payvo Morello, a Wood 4
lying two Leagues Northward from Olinda, where he fuddenly Landed, notwith-
ftanding the Portuguefe guarded the Shore with two thoufand Men, whom Waerden-
berg, after a fhort Skirmifh , putting to flight, was the whole Night in Arms,
Takes ofnds andthe next day became Mafter of Olinda, by breaking in'on the North at the fame
time, when Colonel Schutte Storm’d on the South, Moreover, the Enemy furren:
dred the two Forts on Reciffa, and forfook the Ifland. |
About the middle of March nine Ships which were wanting to make up Lonque’s
Fleet; came to an Anchor by him, having brought him above fix hundred Soldiers,
many Guns, all manner of Ammunition under the Command of Lieutenant Colo-
nel Alexander Seton, and the three Adjutants Fobn'deBruine , Philip Serooskerken, and
Hordtius Calandryn, who immediately order’d the Cloyfter on Antonio Vaes to be for-
tifi’d, and builea Fort with four Bulwarks at the Entrance of Pozo inthe Countrey
Reciffa. Setonjalfo fet fireon the Suburbs of Olinda, in which the Enemy had Lodg’d
the Night before, and endeavor’d to’poyfon the’ ftefh Water on Antonio Vaes, when
ona fudden the Netherlanders fell upon them ; two which drank of the Water dy’d,
and others fell into great Fits.of Sickneffes, and it’ wanted ‘little but that the Admi-
ral Longue, with a Company of fifty Mufquetteers, had been kill’d returning
from Reciffato Olinda, he being unawares fet upon by two Companies of Portuguefes
and Brafilians, who kill’d abovethirty fix of his Men, and dangeroufly wounded
fix more, fothat he brought off but eight Men unhurt. The like Misfortune be-
fell the Woodecutters on Antonio Vaes, furpris’d by the Portuguefe from an Ame
bufcade. | 2 a3 oS RA
Whileft Affairs ftood thus about Olinda, there firt arriv’d two Ships from the
United Netherlands.at Reciffa, not long after four more; Commanded by John Walbeek,
and eight more under the Admiral’ Dirik yan Uitgeeft, who was follow'd by the
Noahs Ark. ; | ,
About the fame time Dirk de Ruiter fer Sail with fix Ships, and Peter Ita with ten,
, to Cruife at Sea. we et ‘ “ae =
haveing fee About the beginning of February, Lonque having put all things in good order, pre-
Temy, « pard to return home, and weigh’d Anchor with nine Ships. But ‘ta going from
tanowly.” ‘Reciffa to Olinda, to take his leave ofthe Council there, was fuddenly furpris’d af-
ter
4-
4
 Chap. VIL | . ef MM E R_ I C A. 433
cer a ftrange manner; he had ninety Mufquetteers for his Guard, whofe Matches
were all put out, and their Arms all wet by a great fhower of Rain, which they
perceiving from their Ambufcades, immediately got crofs the River, and
kill’d
thirty of the Netherlanders, the reft running away, left Ita to defend himfelf,
which
he did for fome time with his Sword, but had abfolutely been flain, had
he not re-
ceiv'd Aid from Olinda. : | ek
Becaule the Portuenefe made feveral Attempts upon the Netherlanders,
not withs
out damage on both fides, the Weft-India Company often fent Ships to their affi-
ftance ; and likewife many Brafilians deferting the Portuguefe, joyn’d with
the Nes
therlanders, who built a five-corner’d Fort with Bulwarks about the Cloyf
ter on Ans
tonio Vaes ; which to prevent, the Portuguefe ventur’d many a Sally, though
not with-
out confiderable lofs on their part. They alfo reported, that Frederick
de Toledo was
making thither with a great Fleet, to drive the Netherlanders out of Brafil
e , at which
they taking the Alarm, put themfelves all into 2 pofture of Defence, rais’d
new
Works about the Caftle on Reciffa, whileft'the Ships which Cruis’d on that Coaft
brought in feveral Prizes.
jobn Walbeek being chofen General by the We/t-India Com pany over Brafile, had a
Defign on the Promontory St. Auguftine ; but it came to no effect, becaufe the Sea
beat fo vehemently againft the Shore.
The Report of the great preparation of a Fleet which was making ready in-Gres
sup:
Spain, mov'd the We/t- IndiaCompany to raife more Men, and to fend ont Admiral plies fent to
2a" the
Paters with feventeen Ships, which all arriv’d fafe, except the Black Lyon Frigat, Weetoa
which carrying the Lieutenant-Colonel Alrz and Captain Vitgee/t, was never”
heard of. :
Jooft Bankart was alfo {ent out in March with eight Ships to St. Helena, to Cruife
there for the rich Carraks which us’d to Water there; bur though he ftay’d till’ Ay-
guj? before this fruitful Ifland, yee faw not one Ship at Sea, nora Man on the Ifland;
but great numbers of Sea-pies, which are fo tame, that they fuffer themfelves to be
taken up with the Hand,orknock’d on the Head with Sticks.
Near this Ifle It@took a Ketch Prize,and rallying his whole Fleet together,Steer’d
for the Caimans ; the moft Eaftern Ifle whereof being about three Leagues long, is
full of Rocks, with a high Point on the Eaft; the other partthereof is plain. Then
dividing his Fleet into feven Squadrons, he made them all ready for an Engages
ment, when he wasinform’d by an Englifh-man before Corientes, that Frederick de 'Tos
ledo had {et Sail with eighty Ships from Havana to Spain, of which he had fent back
eight Gallions to Carthagena: Hereupon bending his Courfe near Havana, he put the
whole Countrey to an Alarm, burnt a rich laden Veffel, and another that carry’d a
Flag on the Fore-top, anda third laden with Ballaft.
Joachim Guyfen being made Commander of the Dolphin Frigat, and {ent to joyn
with Admiral Pater’s Squadron,was driven below Jamaica, and at laft ftrook againft
the great Caiman, where his Veflel was all fhatter’d to pieces, but all his Men and
Goods being fav’d, he {pent fixteen Weeks in making a Ketch of the pieces of the
Dolphin, and brought a hundred and twenty Men, four Brafs,and two Iron Guns to
the Fleet, having buried the reft on (aiman.
Five Leagues beyond Havana, a Spanifh Ship laden with (Campeche Wood and Sar-
faparilla, being chafed againft the Shore, was fet on fire by her own Men, which the
Fiollanders attempted twice in vain to put out. :
After this Ita’s Fleet lay long upon the Coaft of Cuba, but finding no Spanifh Vel>
fels, and their Provifions growing {carce, return’d back to the Texel, where they
atriy’d without doing any farther Exploits.
3 n
 _

534. AME R_I C A. Chap. Vil.

Inthe meanwhile Pater lying before Punta del Gallo, intending to Invade the
City built on the Shore of the Ifland Trinidad ; but the Fort built at the Mouth of
the River, and contrary Current preventing his Defign, he ran through the mid-
dlemoft Hole of Boccas to Blanca, where he caught two thoufand Goats and a Bo.
naive, fet feveral Towns on fire, whileft the Spaniards made a Smother of dry Stub-
al
=gn
:__
—_—

ioe
ae
oc”
=
ee

ble all along the Fields, through which the Hollanders were to return, that fo they
might be choak’d with the Smoak ; which their Invention had prov’d fuccefsful,
had not the Hollanders forc’da Way through a Wood. At laft the Fleet leaving Hi-
*s

- rc ae [paniola, Steer’d for St. Martha, a Town built on the Main Coaft between Carthas
gend, and the River La Hacha, being inftigated thereto by a Letter (taken by the
Hollanders in a Prize) writ by the Governor Exteronymo de Queroto the Spanifh King ,
st: aersa Which Letter fet forth the prefent Condition of St. Martha, whereby they conceiv’d
—--
Se
= ale

bu,’ great hopes of a poffibility of taking it, and of the Advantages that would accrue
thereby : nor did it happen contrary. to their expectation ; for the Admiral Landing
his Men, took the City without the leaft refiftance ; and though the great Fort fir’d
fome Guns, yet it foon furrendred on promife of Quarter ; the City alfo was fav’d
from being burn’d, by paying fifty five hundred Pieces of Eight, after they had
plunder’d the fame, and carry’d away whatfoe’re they thought good. Mean while
the Provifions growing f{carce in the Fleet, Pater judg’d it convenient to return
home, where he arriv’d fafely with all his Prizes. |
Thevali Notable Exploits were perform’d by Jobn Lichthart,one of which,amongft others
Job Lith- ought not to be omitted, viz, he fetting Sail homewards from Reciffa about the
beginning of Oétober Anno 1630. chanc’d to fall with his Ship, the Over-yzel,amongft
five Bifcayan Pyrats, Cruifing between the French and Englifh Coaft, which thought
to clap him aboard ona fudden ; but they feeing him bear up to them, were afraid
to venture, and Tack’d about : after which he was fetupon about three Leagues
to the Northward of the Lizard, by three Frigats belonging to Dunkirk, the biggeft
whereof carry’d thirty fix Guns, the fecond twenty eight,and the laft twelve , with
which three he maintain’d a Fight eight hours, in which he had fourteen Men kill’d,
and thirty two wounded ; his Ship refembled a Wreck, the Main-maft being fhot
overboard, the Rudder hung by pieces at the Stern, and the Tackling all fhatter’d
and torn, befides feven Shot under Water, and not lefs than four hundred through
the fides above, but not without fufficient marks of retribution on the Dunkirkers
fide; but Lichthart getting into Plymouth, mended hisShip, and from thence Sail’d
to Amfterdam, where he was Prefented with-a Gold Chain in recompence of his
Valor.
the Expeti- Lhe Expedition of the Brown-Fi/h Frigat is alfo remarkable, which Sailing be-
Homs-re Youd (ape de Verd, Steer’d by Cape Roxo along the Shore to the River Catchien, at
Figs whofe Mouth lie two Shelves, and between them ran a Channel through which the
Ships pafs’d. The Brown-Fi/h Sailing about a League up the River, which is a Mile
in breadth, took a-Portuguefe Barque. The Seamen alfo Landing on the Ife Bifis,
{fpake Portuguefe with the Natives, who are Coal-black, and have ftrong Bodies, go
_ Arm’d with Darts, Bowes, Arrows, Symiters, and were Baptiz’d by a Prieft fent
thither from Portugal, who with a few Countreyemen had builea Chappel and
fome Houfes there. |
From hence the Brown-Fifh Sail’d to the moft Northern Ifle Bifegos, which is con-
tinually at Wars with Bi/sis. The King of this Ifle receiving fome Prefents from
the Netherlanders, gave leave to his Subjects, fhie at firft, to go aboard of them.
' Steering from hence to Noronbo, they found the Inhabitants carry’d away, and
their Gardens and Houfes ruin‘d, fo that they could get nothing but wild Pum-
pions 5
 Chap. VII. AMERICA . Sa ee
pions torefrefh themfelves with; therefore leaving the Ifle they anchor’d a¢
Reciffa. | km 2 VEY W973. | cota
Inthe interim, whileft thefe Expeditions were carry’d on as hath been related j
Captain John Boon-eter (who parted from the Admiral Ita’s Fleet with eight Sail of
Ships) Cruis'd to and again before Hi/paniola till Way Anno 1631. neat Mona he
took a rich Veflel coming from Porto Rico, another before the Ifland Vacca, and a
third full of Ginger, with which he Steer’d to the Tortugas, being feven in number,
refembling rather fandy Flatsthan Iles. Before Havana he alfo chafed feveral Vet.
fels, but loft fight of them in the Night. Mean while their Provifions growing
fhort, the Seamen were defirous to return ;which Boon-eter would no way yield to,
becaufe the time began to approach in which the Spanifh Ships came from all places
to Havana ; but the Men mutinying forc’d him to Steer to the Texel, where they ar-
tiv'd without doing any confiderable Exploit advantageous to the We/telndia
Company. | |
But at the fame time fourteen Ships, three Sloops, and feven great Pinnaces,
weighed Anchor from Reciffa with athoufand two hundred and fixty Men, divided
into twelve Companies, under the Command of Hartman Godefrid and Stein Callen-
fels; who Landing on the Ifland Tamarica, match’d along a bad and narrow Path, The Fort of
partly craggy and partly fandy, toa Fort built ona high Afcent overgrown with fuedby
Brambles in fuch a manner, that it was impoffible for them to break through, ee
whileft they in the Fort fir’d continually upon Stein Callenfels, who judg’d it conves
nient to draw off, and Storm the Caftle on another fide. L
The Admiral Pater newly come from the Texel to Olinda, ‘fent three Ketches, a
Sloop, and two Pinnaces, beyond the Town Tamarica, to prevent the Enemies crof
fing over to the Main, and keep off their Fire-fhips. They alfo receiv’d Informa-
tion from three Portugue/e and five Brafilian Prifoners, That the Caftle, furrounded
with Fens and Brambles, had fixteen Guns; and that Albuquerque had fen eight
hundred Men to affift the three hundred that lay in Garrifon there before. The
Captains Le Grand and Arciffeusky found two other Ways that led to the Fort, but al-
together unfit to march along with their Men and Guns. Pater alfo Row’d round
the Ifland with Sloops, and fathom’d the Water, whileft Arciffeusky Sailing up the
River to Garafi, f{uppos’d that he had found a much better place tormake(A Onfet
on the Caftle in, than had been found out yet ; but the Council of Olinda and Stein
Callenfels look’d uponit as too great a hazard to Storm a Fort, to which the Ways
lay fo muchto the Enemy’s advantage, a {mall number in the fame being able to
beat off a confiderable Party ; therefore it was judg'd beft, and concluded upon, to
build a Fort on alittle Ile near Tamarica, atthe Mouth of the River ;to which
purpofe the Engineer Buuren contriv’d a {quare Caftle with a long Horn-work,
which was call’d Orange ; in which the Captains Aciffeusky, Mellingen, and Beyer,
were left in Garrifon with their Companies, whileft the reft of the Regiment re-
turn’d to Reciffa. ’
Mean while Antonio de Oquendo brought a great Fleet to St. Salvador , and Callenfels
drew four Companies of Mufquetteers, and a great company of Seamen with Pick
axes and Spades out of the Fort Frederick Henrick into the Field,and marching Souths
ward along private Ways, he found the River ftrongly fortifi'd near the Forts A/fo-
gados, having above and below a row of ftrong Pallifado’s ; yet the Portuguefe that
guarded thefe Works after a {mall refiftance fled, and leftall : But becaufe a gene-
tal Alarm drew many People in Arms out of Real, and feveral other places, Callenfels
drew off in good order, and was inform’d by a Prifoner call’d Peter Alves, that the
Fort Affogados receiv’d that Denomination from the River on which it was built .
| Sf i eee that
 ‘sae
AMERICA. | Chap. VII.
that there lay generally a hundred and fifty Men in Garrifon there ; that about
a Mile farther was the Fort Pirange, that Peter de Acunha bore the ckiet Command
next to Albuquerque over the Militia, who us ‘d few Mufquets but'what had Fire-locks,
and that they wanted no Ammunition, for fix great Carvels loaden with the fae
had not long fince ftor’d them with great plenty thereof. The Netherlanders alfo
underftanding by Letters which they had taken, that the Tapuyans were very much
incens’d againft the Portugue/e, who ftood in great fear of thefe falvage People, ic
was judg’d convenient by the Council at Olinda, to invite the Tapuyans to be their
Friends.
On the eleventh of September Anno 1631. Admiral Pater and Vice-Admiral Mar-
Fight between
the leet

tin Thyfzgon, whofe joint Forces were fifteen Men of War and three Ketches, carry-
and Spantfh
Fleet.

ing nine Companies of Foot, Commanded by Captain Bngelbert Schutte, deleeyiag

the Spanifh Fleet about an hour before Sun-fet; animated all the Officers and Cap-
tains to regard their Honor and Oath which they had taken ; telling them, That
on this Engagement would depend the Welfare: or Ruine of the Wejt-India Com-
pany. But his Men were not fo much heartned by his Speech, as daunted at the
fight of the Spanifh Fleet, which confifted of twelve Caftilian and five Portuguese Gal-
lions, and twenty fix other Vefflels, as Pinks, Fly-boats and Carvels, all well
‘Mann’d and full of Guns, the Gallions cartying whole and Demi-Cannons; the
‘Admiral, call’d Antonio de Oquendo, carrying forty eight great Guns in his Gallion;
call’d St. Jago; whereas they had receiv’d Information but of four Gallions and
eighteen lefler Vellels, neverthelefs Pater no whit difcourag’d, boarded him about
ten a Clock the next Morning, whileft Captain Jobn Maft boarded him on the other
fide, which occafion’d a bloody Engagement ; and it would have prov’d fatal to
the Svisnitids had not Pater’s Stern taken fire, which he endeavoring in vain to put
Admiral Pa-
ter drown'd,
out, and none coming to his affiftance, after he had hung a good while by a Ropeat
the Spanifh Admiral’s Bowe, he was forc’d through faintnefs to let go and fall into
the Water, whileft his Ship was blown up, a few of his Men onely being fav’d by
Oquendo. Inthe mean time Martin Thyfzoon boarded the Gallion Antonio de Padua,
Commanded by the Vice-Admiral Francifco de Vallezilla on one fide, atdithe Utrecht
Frigat ogethe other, which after half an hours Engagement loft her Main-maft, and
after a ts,‘p Fight fy;four hours the Fire took hold of her Sails; which the Nether.
landers not being able to quench, leap’d defperately over into the Spanifh Vicee
Admiral ;but he having two hundred and fixty Men aboard, beat them off, forcing
them to leap into the Water, or felltheir Lives ata dear rate. But Captain Thyf-
zoon had better fuccefs, for he not onely funk the Vice-Admiral, but took the Bona-
ventura Gallion, and Like witkegave the Gallion John Bapti/ta fo many fhot under Wa- ©
ter, that fhe funk likewife. The Night approaching ended this bloody Engage-
ment ; and the Netherlanders. Fleet much damnifi'd ftood Northwards, with inten-
tion to return to Reciffa. The next Morning Oguendohad loft fight of them, but de-
{cry’d. them again on the fifteenth of September, and kept in view of them the fix fol-
lowing days, five Leagues from him tothe Eaft, or Eaft South-Eaft, Martin Thyf-
zon coming to an Anchoxbefors Reciffa on the twenty {econd of September.
About the fame time the 4m/terdam Frigat fet Sail from thence for St. Salvador,
with intention to joyn with Pater’s Fleetthere, but not finding the Admiral, re-
turn’d, and near Cape St. Augu/tine difcover’d the Spanifh Fleet , wherefore taaaieg
clofe behind them fhe receiv’d four Guns from Oquendo, which fhe anfwer’d, and
kept ata diftance from them the whole Night, in hopes to meet with one fingle
Veffel or other belonging to the Fleet, but the Spanifh Vice-Admiral bearing lit-
tle Sail, guarded the Rere, and fir’d continually at
a the Am/terdam Frigat, who fear
ing
Chap. VI. AMER IC z. wae: iy,
ing an unlucky Bullet, made all the Sail fhe could poflible, atid brought news of
the approach of the Spanifh Fleet to Reciffa. Soon after which the Elephant came
fromthe Dutch Fleet thither, with a full Account of the fore-mention’d Engage-
ment, viz. That befides the Admiral Pater, there were flain Captain Thomas Sickes,
(ormillion, and Lieutenant Steenbergen, alfo that two Ships, the Prince William and the
Province of Utrecht, were funk : In lieu of which they had taken the Gallion call’d
The Bonaventura, with twenty fix Brafs Guns, weighing above fixty four thoufand
Pound, two hundred and forty Ca/tilians, and a great parcel of Sugarand Tobacco :
Amongft the Prifoners was one call’d Francifco,de Fuentes, who being Examin’d,
gave this Information, viz. That the Fleet carry’dtwo Regiments of Spaniards and
one of Italians ; in which three Regiments were four thoufand Men, under the . ;
Command of Conde del Bangniola ; and that upon the fetting out of Ferdinand, the ‘
King’s Brother, to the Netherlands, all the chiefeft Gallions and Dunkirk Ships were
fent for, and Englifh Veflels hit’d, to convey him fafe to the Flemmifh Coaft, which
made Oquenda fet Sail with fo much the lefler numiber to St. Salvador s that the
funk Gallion, call’d Antonio de Padua, had fourteen Brafs Guns in her Hold, befides
twenty fix that were mounted. they |
Soon after a Brajfilian that had pafs’d by Albuquerque’s Army to Olinda, brought Ine TwoTeigyen
formation, That he was fent by Jandui and Oquenou, two Kings belonging to the Tz- whetServi
puyans, to enquire if the Topatingas (for fo they call’d the Netherlanders that belong’d: Trl
to the We/t-India Company) did yet refide in Pernambuco, with Proffers to affift them
with their Forces. Moreover, he inform’d them, That fince his departure from
Boudewyn Henrick/zoon, a great many of the Tapnyans Petivares were kill’d by the Por-
tuguefe near the River Grande and Inlet Trajiciaon, becaufe they had affifted Henrick/-
xoon, who had left them helplefs at his departure. He added alfo, That if the We/ts
India Company would give the other Brafilians any affurance to affift the Tapuyans,
it would be neceffary to Confult about it near the River Grande.
This Propofal was found to be of fo weighty a Concern, that Ellert Smient being
fent with the Ship call’d The New Netherland, and a great Sloop, to Siara, to make
farther enquiry into the Bufinefs, was accompanied by a Renegado Portu-
guefe call’d Samuel Cochin, and feveral Brafilians (whom Henrick/zoon upon their Re-
queft carry’d with him from the Inlet Trajiciaon to Holland) who went, under pre-
tence of vifiting. their Relations at the River Grande and Siara, to invite their Counz
trey-men to joyn with the Netherlanders.
During Smient’s abfence many Confultations were held about the demolifhing mis deter
ted and de-
or defending of the City Olinda, about which there had formerly been many Con- molitvéby
tefts ; but at laft the Voices carry’d it, which were for the demolifhing thereof; in és.
regard it was of little Confequence; and could not be kept without many Men and
great Charges, becaufe of its bad Situation, whenas their Men might do greater
Service in other places: Wherefore they began to carry all things neceflary from
Olinda to Reciffa, and on the twenty fourth of November the City was fet on fire with
Barrels of Pitch and Tar, being in a light flame at every corner, whileft Stein Callen-
fels drew off the Garrifon in good order to Reciffa ; and immediately fixteen hun-
dred Men under his Command were put aboard of fixteen Veffels, with intention
to go to Parayba ; but the Enemy having a fortnight before had notice of this De-
fign, had fortifi'd him(elf all along the River. Callenfels approaching, efpy'd twelve
Portuguefe Standards, and the Men ready on the Breaft-works to prevent his Land-
ing ; yet neverthelefs he not regarding their Bullets, prefs’d in amongftthem, and
forc’d the Enemy from his Works. | |
Near the Water ftood aStone Caftle, and on one fide of ica large Store-houle ;
Ddd on
 7

538. AMERICA. Chap. VII.

on. the Mountain near the City appear’d the Francifcan Cloyfter ; the Fort rais’d of
Earth had four Bulwarks, and twenty fix Guns, according tothe Information of
the Eye-witnefles Drevis and Berfter, who were fent thither as Spies.
ma (allenfels Landed not fo carefully but that he loft forty Men, either kill’d from
eur
wen:Behind the Breaftworks, or out ofa neighboring Wood. Being inform’d by a Por-
ee eee tuguefe Prifoner, of the ill Condition of the Town, and how flenderly it was provi-
ded, he immediately rais’d a Sconce, two Watch-houfes, and a Pallifado, from
which he-fir’d with two Guns on the Caftle, and made feveral Trenches ; but the
Befieged were {tronger in People and Guns than the Befiegers, who being fearce
able, by reafon of their {mall number, to keep Guards inall places, were alfo tir’d
out under a hot Climate, and fainted for want of Provifions, infomuch that in
two daysthere dy’d and fell fick above two hundred. wherefore Callenfels judo’dic
beft to draw offin time ; which that they might do fecurely, they made a Redoubt,
and the fix Companies Commanded by the Captains Redinchoven, Meppelen, Cloppene
—_-
s
poe
=?

s+
burg, Schenk, Byma, and Cook, refolv’d upon a defperate Attempt, as followeth :
?>i
Marching privately through a Wood behind the Enemy’s Works, they fell in at
oe
7
one fide upon the Portuguese Trenches, from whence they drove them after a {mall
refiftance, and forc’d them to flie towards the Fort, whither they were purfu’d with
{uch eagernefs, that thofe who were in the Fort, left the Hollanders might get in with
them, lock’d up the Avenues againft their own Men ;at which they were foamaz’d,.
that fome of them climb’d up by the Walls of the Fort, but were either kill’d by the
Affailants, or knock’d on the Head by their own People, becaufe feveral Hollanders
went toclimb up amongft the Portugue/e ;the reft running about the Fort, fell into
the midft of the Netherlanders, where they were all cut off, being in number above a
hundred. The Fiollanders alfo in this refolute Defign, had about twenty Men kill’d,
and fifty wounded ; after which they put lighted Matches on Sticks in their Ene-
my’s Works, as if they had never made any Attempt on the City Parayba.
Whileft this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately ,Smient performing his Voyage,
found in the Inlet Trajiciaon a Portuguefe Veflel hal’d near the Shore under the
protection of two Pallifado’s ; wherefore fuppofingitbeft not to make any Attempt
on the fame, he ran to an Anchor before Ubranduba, twenty Leagues below the Ris
ver Grande ; where the Natives Marcial, Tacou, Ararova, and Matauwe, who had been
in Folland, Landing, went to fee, and {peak with their Countrey-men to joyn with
the Netherland Weft-India Company : and fome days after the Seamen Landing again
in the fame place, met with Facou, together with eight more ftout Men, and feven-
teen Women and Children, who carry’d a flain Portuguefe call’d Juan Perera, to the
River Grande,about whom they had found Letters containing the whole Condition
of Siara ; which the Brajfilians imparting to Smient,he fent a Ketch thither before,and
follow’d after himfelf; they Steer’d along the Shore beyond the Shelves Guamare,by
the Mountains Sailmas and Porto de Mel,the Haven De Onces,and River Juaguarive, to
the White Point, where the Brafilians Landing {pake with their People, and towards
the Evening brought good tydings, and defir’d that they might be Landed at Siara,
where they would put their Defign in practice : Smient following their Advice,
receivd them aboard the New Netherland, and Sail’d along by the fquare Fort Siara
towards a {mooth Shore on each fide, hedg’d in by thick Woods, where the Brafilt-
ans intended to Land ; but the Portuguefe, and Brafilians belonging to their Party,
being gotten into the Wood before, fir’d fo vehemently, that they were forc’d to
Retreat, and Sail five Leagues farther beyond the Cape Opefe, made dangerous by
the many blind Cliffs that lie about the fame. Symient anchoring here, Landed the
Brafilians, on promife that they would return in two days ; bur the Seamen feeing
: fometimes
 Xs

Chap. VII. AMER IC wt. 339

fometimes ten, fometimes fifteen Atm’d Portuguefes afhoré, judg’d that the Brafili-
ans had been flain by them, and therefore weighed Anchor to the great diflike of
the Weft-India Company. f
Since this unfuccefsful Defign on Parayba, the Council at Reciff2 were no whit
difcourag’d, butrefolv’d to make an Attempt on the River Grande with twelve
Ships and two Sloops, carrying ten Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen ; but by
reafon of the difficulty of Landing (becaufe the Coaft being very Rocky, makes
the Sea go very hollow) the ftrength of the Place, both in se{pect of its Fortificati-
on and number
of Defendants, and the joyning of the Brafilians with them, they
were forc’d to return without effecting their Defign.
About the fame time eight Sail arriv'd at Reciffa from Holland, and Jonathan de 1h Exped
Nekker, Cornelis Cornelifzoon, alias Houte-been, and Reinier Peterfzoon, fet our with three k” Mowe
Frigats from the Texel tothe Ifle Vacca, where with Hunting, Fifhing, and gather- thers,
ing of Fruit, they refrefh’d themfelves, and afterwards Steer’d to the River Magda
lena, difcernable at three Leagues diftance by the thick yellow Water it difcharges
into the Sea through three Mouths. Between the Weftern and middlemoft Mouth
lies an Ifle'in the middle of the River, behind which Houte-been came to an Anchor,
whileft Nekker and Peterfzoon kept Guard near Punto Verde , wherethough the Wind
blew very frefh in the Night, yet the Water remain’d {mooth : About Day-break
Nekker difcovering a Sail, made chafe after the fame, but not able to come up with
~ her, loft her the following Night, and in the Morning faw a Barque, which run-
ning afhore was fet on fire by Peter/xoon ; after which Nekker chafed two other
Ships, which likewife getting from him, he ftood off at Sea out of fight of the Ifles
Zamba, which are low on the Weft; and Hilly at the Eaft-end, where the Sea beats
vehemently againft a Promontory, and chafed a Barque afhore, ‘whither he fent a
Boat with eight Men ;which being beaten to pieces by the Waves, drowned four
of them, and the reft getting afhore were kill’g by the Spaniards. Soon after
which four Spanifh Ships fet Sail after Nekker and Peter/zoon, and had not the Night
favor’d them they had been but in a bad Condition ; for’they were notable to get
their Sea-men aboard, who having taken fome Wine afhore, had made themfelves
Drunk ; about Day-break they defery’d the four Spanifh Veflels, which were gotten
fo far from them,that they could but juft difcern them from the Main-top. Not long
after they took two Barques, and came toan Anchor behind Zamba by Houte-been,
who being driven by a Storm out of the River’ Magdalena to Jamaica, had chaled
a Barque afhore there, and a Ship with four hundred Negro’s againft Se. Martha, and
fince took a'tich laden Barque near the River Magdalena. In like manner Nekker and
Peterfxoon took a Ship coming from Caraques, leaving Houte-been alone before Magdas
lena, who not long after difcover’d eighteen Spanifh Ships near the High-land
St. Martha, which were Steering to'Carthagena; one whereof belonging to Carthagena
he made Prize of, but was fore’d to forfake her in a great Storm; after the ceafing
of which he took another Frigat, the Men whereof inform’d him, That the Admi-
_ ral Thomas de Ca/pure was going with eleven Ships from (ape Antonio to Porto Belo, to
lade the Peruvian Silver there. The Ship with Angolan Negro’s, taken by Hloute- been,
he fet free, but kept a Frigat laden with Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, and Flefh which
he had taken juft before the Coaft of Rio Grande, and thus he went Privateering up
and down, when the Plate2Fleet from New Spain weighed Anchor from Juan de Lua,
the like of which in Riches had never fet Sail before, for ic carry’d 2169340 Ryals
_ Of Eight for the Merchants, an unvaluable Treafure for the King, befides: many
rich Commodities which feveral bought upon their own Accounts, that were
hot entred in the Cuftom-houfe : allwhich:Treafure, laden im nine Gallions, be-
3 Ddd 2 fides
 7

54.0 A MERIC A. Chap. Vil,

fides a confiderable number of Frigats and {mall Veffels, was committed to the
Charge of Miguel de Echacareta; but he dying before the Fleec fer. Sail, Manuel Serano
de Ribera was chofen Adunivali buta dreadful Storm arifing as they were Sailing be.
fore the Coaft of (ampeche in théir Way to Havana, the whole Fleet was in a‘ manner
utterly deftroy’d, with a moft unvaluable Treafure : The Admiral, Vice-Admiral,
Gallion.Terefia, and feveral other Gallions, funk, with at leaft two thoufand Men, a
cm
great number ofPerfons of Quality, and amongft the reft the Marquefs Salinas, who
the Ma. Was moft treacheroufly @ain by thirty Perfons, who made themfelyes Mafters of a
———

I
-—
ae
- =aan
—25
ae
a
——as
queoa Sloop, into which he went for fafety out of the finking Admiral Ju/eppe : That
;eT
,
at.
=e
Se
=~
.
“.
==——
+<2es
a
Pris Jewels which inftigated them to thishorrtid A&, wasthe fight of a {mall Trunk of Jewels
=
=.
r=
:ko
=
a
=-
~~
_—
-o et
=a =ee
—----a
»roa.
_ne SN
——-——
———
— which he carry’d into the Sloop : Noclong after falling out amongft themfelves
about dividing the Spoil, feveral of them were difcover'd, apprehended, and put to
as
oe
a
death,
>= This Fleet weighed Anchor the day after their Admiral Miguel de Echacareta was
< ~~
buried, who dy’d fo fuddenly that-he could make no Will. A few days after the
~=- ‘.
i
~

depateuf of the Fleet, a hundred and feventy Houfes were burnt at Juan. de Lua. It
*at
—
l- >oe

es
=
-
appears that the Spaniards out of fear of the Netherlanders, fet Sail on the tenth of
——
7_ -a ,
Oétober, notwithftanding it was atan inconvenient time, becaufe about that Seafon
the Hurricanes rage moft terribly in the Bay of Vera Crux,
By a Letter from the Treafurer Francifcus Suarez it appears, that the two Regis
ments in the City St. Salvador, the one Commanded by Chriftopher Mexia Bocanegra,
confifting of nine Companies, each of fixty Men, and the other Commanded by
Vafco de Mafcarennas, confilting of thirteen Companies, coft the King of Spain yearly
21515 4 to maintain them.
walbak’s ex The Netherland Council, at Reciffa no way difcourag’ d by their fuccefslefs
* Ateemptsmade the laft Year on Rio Grande, fent thirteen Companies of Soldiers
aboard of feventeen Veflels, to.build a Fort.at che River, Formo/a, where the Portue
guefe being too wéak-to refift shea, fet fire on a Storeshoufe with three hundred
Chefts of Sugar, and fled? Walbeck was Commander in. Chief in this. Defign, who
Landing on Formofa found no fit place to build a Fort in, becaufe the Shore, not
being above a Mufquet-fhot broad, was inclos’d with Woods, behind which lay
high Mountains thac Commanded ee Shore; therefore marching, to Serinhain he
burnt feveral Houfes and a new Sugar-Mill,.neat which in a Store-houfe he toak
twelve hundred Chefts of Sugar, which for! want. of Carts he could not carry to his
Ships. Alfo before Porto Calvo he burnt,a Carvel, and tooka great number of Cat.
tel on Camarigibi, and return’d without any oy hie Exploits to Reciffa, where the
Cruifers had brought in feveral Prizes during his abfence.
The Council xefolving not to fit idle, {et out another Fleet of eighteen Ships
under the Command of Martin Thyfxoon, witha Regiment of fourteen Companics
under Stein Callenfels.
TheExedi- “This Fleet approaching Cape Auguftin, they found a ridge of Rocks yee the
sinthf Shore, againft which the Sea beat with great vehemency; at length they came be-
calenfels. forea {mall Inlet, at whofe Mouth lay a {mall Fortifrom which the Enemy fir'd ups
on the Mann’d Boats which Row’d by the fame :. at’ fome diftance they difcern’d
two Breaftworks, one rais’d above the other nearthe Shore ; on which when’ the
Hollanders thought. to Land, three hundred, Portuguefes fir’d at once upon them;
and ona Hill not far from thence appear’d more Men, which amaz’d the Council
of War, for the Inlet was fo narrow, that not above fix Boats could Land at once,
and it was evident, that though the Enemy fhould chanceto be beaten from behind
his Breaftworks, yet the HoManders would lie,expos'd.to the Enemy’s Guns.from-the
Fort
Chap. VII. AMERTCR 54h
Fort Nazareth built én the Mountain ; befides, Nazareth, if gain’d, could {carce be
defended, unlefs the whole Mountain were Intrench’d round, which would not
onely-be very chargeable, but alfo impoffible, becaufe of the red Earth, altogether
unfit for Fortifications ; and the barren Mountain afforded neither Wood, nor any
thing elfe ; befides, the Storming of it would be very dangerous: The Entrance
into the Haven was difficult, becaufe a ftonie Bank before'the fame fuffer’d no Pat
fage but betwixt {mall Openings, the chiefelt whereof was guarded by a Water.
Caftle, and farther within by the Fort Puntael. Along the Sea-fhore their Landing
was prevented by the violent beating of the Waves, anda great {quare Tower on
the Way upto the Fort Nazareth, whofe Church is feen at a great diftance off at Sea.
All which confider’d, they judg’d it beft to draw off their Men again, and fo they
return’d without having effected any thing to the purpofe, onely Captain Schuppe
took two Carvels with five hundred Chefts of Sugar inthe River Formofa.
Soon after Martin Thy/xoon being fent out with twenty two Sail, fent four Ships
for Holland with the Lieutenant-Colonel Stein Callenfels, and the Councellor Seroos-
kerken ,yet thirteen Sail remain’d ftill before the Coaft of Brafile, under the Come
mand of Captain John Maf?, who whileft he ftood to and again from the Shore,
and Cruifing up and down, the Governor of Reciffa and Colonel Rembach march’d
with five hundred Men and forty Negro’s, from Reciffa about fix a Clock at Night,
by Olinda along the Shore : Whereupon the Portuguefe Horfeewatch ran inftantly to
Real, two Leagues from Olinda, to give notice thereof to Albuquerque ; but they fur-
mounted all the Difficulties they met with by the Way (which were the greater in
regard of the abundance of Rain that had lately fall’n,)and on the firft of May 1632. seh oat
came to the City Garafu about Noon ; where whileft Rembach ftood ftill in good ore Gerafu ic
der with three Companies, the Governor of Reciffa fell upon the Town with three Hollander,"
Companies. The Inhabitants had not the leaft thoughts of being molefted by the
Netherlanders there, becaufe they judg’d the Ways which led thither could nor be
pa{s'd in that rainy Seafon. Inthe firft Onfet a hundred Portuguefes, moft of them
great Merchants, were flain, they being comethither with their Goods from Olinda ;
and amongft the Prifoners which they took, were fix Francifcans. ;
This Victory the Hollanders obtain’d with the lofs but of eight Men, and twenty
five wounded, befides Captain Rembach, who was alfo wounded. The Governor
of Reciffa entering the City, ftav’d two hundred Pipes of Wine, to keep his Soldiers
from over-drinking ;and becaufe there were many fair Women there, he caus’d
them all to be lock’d up in the Church of St. Cofmo, to preferve them from the Sol-
diers outrages. | , | >
The Prieft Duarte Mendex Serraon(a Letter of whofe John de Laet quotes)values the thom
Booty carry’d away by the Hfollanders from Garafu, at 9000 |. Sterl. befides the da-
mage which the Place fuffer’d, being almoft ruin’d. He relates farther, That the
City call’d Villa de Santo (ofmo de Garafu lay five Leagues to the Northward from
Olinda ; and thatin it were three Churches, viz. (ofinus, Mifericordia, and Heremiz
tage de Santa Crux ; as alfo two Cloyfters, viz. Invocation de Antonio, inhabited by
Capuchins, and another dedicated to Francifeus, inhabited by Perfons of his Order ; |
That the chief Church (o/mws, built like a flateroof’d Houle, had a fair Entrance,
before which ftood two Turrets, and inthem hung Bells; That the Francifcan
Cloyfter was inclos’d within a great Wall in the middle of a pleafant Garden, and
had on each fide a Tower; That moft of the People who kept the Feaft of St. Phi.
lip and St. Jacob, were at Maf’ when the Hbllanders came thither, and though they
faw the Soldiers out of their Windows, jude’d them to be Portuguefes, who (as it
eported )) had a Defign
was reported Delipn upon
Up Tamarica,
ae P.
 542 AMERICA. Chap. VI.
The Governor of Reciffa marching with his Booty from Garufa, fet feveral Hou-
fes on fire, and march’d towards the Fort Orange, on the Ifland Tamarica, Albuquerque
inform’d thereof, difpatch’d a Spanifh Regiment, Commanded by Colonel Ferdinand
Ludovico Barbalho, and Paulo de Perado, with a confiderable Body of Volunteers , but
they all came too late: Whereupon the Portuguefes, being thus kept in continual
Alarms afhore, and fuftaining every day more and more Loffes at-Sea, began to
defire Peace, and the rather, becaufe they could not hear of any Fleet coming from
Spain ro their affiftance ; and hearing a Report, that the We/t-India Company were
making great Preparations, To which purpofe Peter Alvares (acquainted with the
Dutch Commanders, as having been their Prifoner) was fent by Duarte de Albu-
querque (co whom the Lordfhip of Pernambuco properly belong’d) and by his Brother
(being General of all the Forces in Brafile) to Reciffa, to Treat about the deciding
of the Differences betweenthem and the Netherland Weft-India Company : But the
Council in Reciffa weighing the many Difadvantages that would enfue, if they
fhould upon eafie Terms patch up a Peace with the Portugnefes, return’d Alvares this
Anfwer: ‘That the Weft-India Company was refolv’d, to the utmoft of their
«* power, to keep all thofe Places which they had taken by force of Arms, but that
“ifhe could move Albuquerque to deliver up the Countrey to them, he fhould be
“‘ bountifully rewarded. |
After this the Fiollanders Landing at Barra Grande, took great quantities of Wine
and Tobacco, and burnt two Villages; as alfo the Sugar-Cane Fields, and Sugar-
Mills on Catuwanha, alfoone at Barra Grande, and three at Porto Francifco. :
At the fame timethe Hbllanders alfo {catter’d Letters amongft the Portuguefe, fig-
nifying their trouble for the great effufion of Blood in thofe Parts, which was oc-
cafion’d by their own ftubborn and unreafonable Proceedings ;likewife intima-
ting the great Preparations that were making on their own part, and onthe other
fide the great unlikelihood, ‘and indeed impoffibility, as things then ftood, of
receiving farther Succors from Spain. |
ine Golun-
ders Coun-
—Thefe things bieng powerfully urg’d, had perhaps taken greater effe& with
clsbetray'd the Portuguefes, had not the fecret Counfels of the Netherlanders been betray’d
to the Portz-
sue byLee- hy Leonard yan Lom, Overfeer of the Prizes, and Tranflater of the. Portuguefe Letters,
Lem. who confefs’d that he was perfwaded to that villanous Aétion in Amflerdam by a Por-
tuguefe Merchant, call’d Duarte Rodrigues Delves, with whom he had made fome
Agreement ; and for the better confirmation had receiv’d the Sacrament upon it of
an Am/fterdam Prieft : His Agreement was, “ That he fhould go to Reciffa, enquire
“after all Concerns, and give {peedy advicethereof to Rocque de Barros ; which he
did by a Mulatto, who carry’d Letters. between them.
This Villain the Council judging worthy of Death, firft caus’d his two fore-
Fingers to be cut off, next his Head, and afterwards his Body to be divided into
four Quarters. The Mulatto was likewife Beheaded. |
About this time the Treafurer Ceulen viewing the Ifle Mayo, found the fame to be
furrounded with fteep Rocks, abounding with Horfes, Affes, Partridges and Goats,
befides two Salt-pans. The Inhabitants, which go Arm’d with Halfspikes and
tufty Hangers, are {aid to be a fort of out-law’d Portugue/es, to the number of thirty,
amongft whom was one Woman. They had a Governor, call’d Amaro, to whom
they gave yearly eight thoufand Goat-skins, | 1D
Ceulen Sailing from hence Steer’d by the Ifland Del Fogo, known by: a great
Mountain, whofe high top vomits Fire. Not far from which he took the Ship
‘St. Peter laden with Wine, with which he return’d fafe to Reciffa, where a while
after Gyffelling arriy’d alfo, and was no fooner Landed, but four Ships, two Slgops,
7 fix
Chap. VIL. AMERICA. 543
fix Cock+boats, a Barque and a Hoy, fer Sail under the Conduct of John Mast wich
four or five Companies of choice Mufquetteers, Commanded by Colonel Schuppe,
who Landed behind the ftonie Bank of the River Alexio, furpris’d forme Portnguefe
and Negro’s in their Houfes, and march’d inthe Night fo faft, that by: Day-break
they were gotto the Shore of the River Formof/a, where they took two rich laden
Fly-boats anda Carvel ; and afterwards Landing in the Road Camarigibi, they took
fifty Portuguefein a Village, as alfo a Store-houfe full of Chefts with Sugar and To-
bacco, burnt all the Buildings thereabouts, and amongft others a brave Sugars
Mill: Captain Byma burnt alfo an eminent Sugar-Mill near the Brook Maria Fa-
rinha. Martin Thy/zoon lay a long time under the Line; but at laft getting to the Ifle
Vacca he gave each Captain his Orders, and divided the Fleet, which joyn’d again
before Hayana, pafs'd through the Straights Bahama (where he met with great :
Storms, and many othet Inconveniences) to Holland, But Galeyn van Stapels, who
parted with a Frigat from Thy/zoons Fleet near Bonaire, Steer’d by the Promontory
Cotoche to Sifal; which Village having plunder’d, he fet it on fire, fetch’d a Barque
in the Night from the Road of Campeche (whofe City is feen at a great diftance off at
Sea, by the white Cloyfter Francifco) and fo fet Sail for Zealand. Houte-been arriv’d
alfo about the middle of June with a rich Booty in the Texel,
Not long after Houtesbeen weighing Anchor with the Otter Frigat, return’d.to sebuppeand
Reciffa, and in his Way thither took a Ship laden with Wine. Colonel. Schuppe ime theron fits
mediately upon his arrival had a Command given him of five hundred Men, and”
John Lichthart of three Sail of Ships, a Pinnace and five Sloops ; with which they fer
Sail to the River Formofa. Schuppe Landing his Men there, march’d up to the Fort
Formofa, fortifi'd with Moats, fteep high Walls, and four Guns, Storm’d and took
the fame, killing all thofe that were in the Garrifon, except the Governor Peter Al-
buquerque: In which Vidtory neverthelefs the Hollanders loft the valiant Captain
Philbert du Baffon, who being fhot in at the Throat with a Bullet, which came out
behind the Ear, dy’d of the fame, the Wound. immediately feftering, to which all
Wounds arevery fubjec&t in Brafile. The Hollanders alfo burnt four laden Barques, a
Store-houfe full of Sugar, and pull’d down the Fort they had taken,
Setting Sail again, they Landed to the Northward of the River Antonio Grande,
where they gain’d a Platform with five Guns, deftroy’d fix Ships, and took two
more inthe Haven Camarigibi , from whence they return’d to Reciffa, after having |
fpoil’d and taken thirteen of the Portuguefe Ships, feveral Sugar-Mills, Store-houfes,
and a Caftle. |
‘The Swol Frigat came alfo in a fhatter’d condition to Reciffa, having been Ens.
gag’d with a Spanifh Gallion carrying twenty eight great Guns, and full of Men, -
which neverthelefs fhe would have mafter’d, had not an unfortunate Shot {poil’d
all her Rigging. 13 ! |
_. About the fame time the Captains Byma, Bverwyn, and Rinking, {ec Sail with their
Companies in three Ships to Porto Francifco, where Landing, they burnt three Sugar.
Mills, befides feveral other brave Buildings; and brought away a rich Carvel,
whileft Laurence van Rembach was made Colonel in Waerdenberg’s place, and Sigi/mond
Schuppe Lieutenant-Colonel. |
The Proffers which:the Tapuyan Agent made to the Hollanders had been very ad-
vantageous, had not the Summer Seafon been too far {pent : for he had promis’d,
That if they would Land a confiderable Party of Men two Leagues Southward
from the River Grande, all the Tapuyans fhould joyn with them, and afift them in
driving the Portuguese out of Brafile. |
After this Schuppe-and Lichthart went with thirteen Companiesof Soldiers, and
twa
 .

two hundred Seamen, to fall upon the Enemy’s Camp at the Afogados, where Albu.
querque had rais’d feveral Works, partly for the fecuring of Verga, the: beft Spot of
Land in all Pernambuco, where there are likewife more Sugar-Mill.s than in the
whole Countrey, and partly to keepan open Way between 4rryal ancl the Promone
tory St. Auguftine : To which purpofe they march’d by the Fort A:milia along the
plain Countrey, to the Stream Capivaribi, which they had crofs’d before the Porty-
guefe knew any thing of their approach, who being but a hundred and thirty, fore
fook their Works and ran into the Woods; but affifted with four Companies of
Iralians, they Sally’d out of Real, and fell with great eagerne([s on the Seamen, who
being guarded by forty Mufquetteers were raifing of Works in the Road which
leads to Real, and put them to flight ;but being rally’d, and feconded by Colonel
Redburgh, they drove the Enemy into a By-way, guarded by Byma and Bongarfon .
where being ftopt, and Captain Cloppenburgh from another fide falling in amongft
them with his Mufquetteers, they became encompa(s'd, and had been allflain, had
not Le Grande, by making way for Cloppenburgh, given them an opportunity of gets
ting away between them. | , | chips
The Council at Reciffa, to fecure the footing which they had got on the other
fide of the River Capavaribi, took order about the building of a Fort, which requir’d
the greater Labor, becaufe the Earth was very ftonie : not far from whence Cap-
tain Jobn Smith walking, was fhot by a Party of Portague/e lying behind fome Chefts
of Sugar; the Blow whereof giving notice to his Enfign, he {peedily march’d thi-
ther, and furprifing the Portuguefe, kill’d moft part of them. The like fuccefs had
Le Grande, (loppenburgh, and Bongarfon, who marching out upona Defign; furpris’d
unawares in John de Mendoxa’s Sugar-Mill, two Companies of Portague/e, ‘who ha-
ving watch’d there the whole Night, and compofing themfelves in the Morning to-
fleep, were fet upon, and moft of them:kill’d, and the old: Commander! Antonio Ore
tizo de Mendoza taken, who not long before came thither with a Regiment of Por-
tuguefes ; the Sugar-Mill was alfofet on fire. | b*y
Thefe fuccefsful Expeditions ftill adding to the Hfllanders frefh Courage, they
follow’d the career of their Succeffes,and placing three Companies in the Works of
the Afoggdos, drew their Army into three Divifions; Colonel Rembach was to Com-
mand the Forlorn ; Schuppe, the main Body ;and Byma, the Referve; in which Or-
der they waded through the River Capivaribi, placing fome Mufquetteets:in 2 Houle
built near the High-way,to fecure their Return that way, and came without any
refiftance tothe Arryal ; where they found a long Street, with Shops.onieach fide
full of all forts of Goods, which they pillag’d, notwithftanding the Enemy fir’d
furioufly fromthe Caftle upon them, and wounded Colonel Rembach and: Captain
Redburgh. To the Northward before the Caftle lay a Redoubt with two Guns,
which Schuppe maftering, kill’d all that were in the fame ; but being too weak to
carry away the Guns, he nail’d up the Touch-holes, and march’d off with his Men,
but in fuch diforder, that the Portuguefe Sallying out of their Garrifon, fell in
amongft themin that manner, that they were not able to bring away their woun-
ded Men, amongft whom was Captain Redburgh ; and it had been worfe, had not
Remback (who though he was fhot in at the Shoulder, underthe Blade-bone whereof
lay the Bullet) kept them off till fuch time as the Hollanders were govover the River
(4pivaribiynear the foresmention’d Honfe, guarded by a Company of Mufquetteers;
who kill’d above fifty of the Portugnefes, befides fifty that had been flain in the fore
mer Skirmifhes ,the Hollanders themfelves:alfo had loft a hundred and:thitty Men :
yet notwithftanding they ceafed not, but march’d im Parties:through all partsof
Verga, wherethey metwith no oppofition, but foundthe Stgar+ Mills full of Sugar,
E 2° ae left
 Chab..WID - AMERICA $45
lefttobe:kept by a few Negro’s. Rembach alfo fent a Drummer to Real, co'demand
the Wounded, efpecially Colonel Redburgh, with a Letter from the Prifoner Anto-
aio Mendoza, requefting the Governor Albuquerque and Duke of Bagyola, that they
would be pleas’d to releafe the Hallaiders on Exchange, or elfe upon Ranfom:
The Drummer being civilly Encertain’d by Albuquerque, brought back with him a
ftrange Oyl call’d Aury, for the wounded Mendoza; with which a Wound made by
a Bullet being anointed about three Fingers breadth, it draws out the fame. Bagnola
afterwards fent it to Rembach, in requical for his kindnefs in fending Mendoza ina
Hammock to Real. Mean while the Hollanders ftill fortifi’d their Works at the 4/o-
gados with Pallifado’s and Platforms, on which they put five Guns. They likewife
work’d daily on the foresmention’d Caftle, whileft Schuppe march’d with four hun-
dred Men in the Night over the River Jangada to Moribeca » which approaching,
he:perceiv'd the Way ftopt-up with fell’d Trees ; wherefore he march’d aboutto the
Village, which he found forfaken by the Inhabitants, and all the Houfes left empty,
onely: five hundred Chefts of Sugar that had been brought thither from Verga,
which Schuppe Commanded to be fet on fire with the Village, leaving onely the
Church, and at his Return burntalfo a Sugar-Mill.
The Governor Albuquerque having formerly never fpar’d any Hbollanders which Articles be-
fell into his hands, began now to be better advis’d ; and it was alfo Agreed upon Wift-India
between the King of Spain and States of the United Netherlands, That they fhould andtheking
burm no Church, unlefsthe one, or the other Party made refiftance in the fame aie
That the Victor fhould be oblig’d, upon requeft of Quarter, to {pare his Enemies,
and releafe the Prifoners for an indifferent: fum of Money; That both Parties
fhould forbear:to ufe chew’d or poyfon’d Bullets.
yo Schuppe being chofen Chief over the Militia in Rembach’s Place (who dy’d of his
Wound,) lay notlong ftill, but fetting Sail with eleven Ships to the Ifle Tamarica,
- Landed feven. Companies before the Caftle Noftra Sennora: de (Conception; which, —
though well provided and fortifi'd, the Governor Pignioro furrendred, on Condition
that-he’ might depart with all his Men and the Church Ornaments.
Matthias van (Cenlen and Schuppe' Rowing up the Stream Goiana with Sloops and
Boats, put to flight Laurence Cavalcanti, burnt divers Sugar-Mills, and took abun-
dance of rich Metchandize : Ten days they madehavock in the middle of their
Enemies» Countreys without any refiftance; for all of them fled to the Aldas,
(fo théy.call the Brafilian Villages) : At laft they return’d home with great Booty,
efpecially of Sugarand Brafile Wood ;whileft thofe at Reciffa were not idle, doing
the Portugucfe great mifchief by their continual Sallies, Tourlong burning a Fifhers
Village, and Bongarfon a ftately Banquetting-houfe belonging to Cavalcant near
Arryal ; as allo Pedro Acunha de Andada’s Sugat-Mill, from whence he took great
Booty. :: :
| bois the fame time the Portuguefe of feveral Parts,terrifi'd by continual Alarms ti Portile
and Loffes, began to incline tothe Weft-India Company, believing that they fhould tal
utterly be ruin’d, if chey continu’dto joyn with Albuquerque's Patty (who claim’d é&.
Pernambuco wholly to himfelf) and therefore car’d not whether he ot the Hollander’
were Mafters,fo they might live peaceably. Mean while the Hollanders march’d from
the Afogados to Arryab 2 Schuppe marching before with two hundred and fifty Sea-
men, was follow’d by the Lieutenant-Colonel De Vries, and he by a Company: of
Negro’s that carry’d Provifions ; next Byma march’d with the Referve. The Trea-
furer John Gy/eling alfo accompanied the Army, which’Encamp’d neat Francifco Brito
Machado's Wind-Mill, and Garrifon’d the half-finifh’d Fort near the Sugar-Mill be.
longing to: Marcus Andre, whileft'three Companies Commanded by Captain De Vries
~ Sra march’d
 546 AMERICA — * Chap. VIL
an Ambul
maarch’d to Monteroos-Mills to take the fame; but the Portuguefe lying in
cadehad given them a fhrewd Rebuke, had not Schuppe, hearing the Guns, fentaway
the Captains Picard and Garftman, who coming out from amongft the Sugar«Canes,
put the Enemy to flight; yet the Portuguefe began to increale daily, infomuch that
began »
they got above two thoufand Men together at Arryal, whileft the Dutch Army
from
to want Provifions; wherefore Jacob Huigen was order’d to fetch a Supply
and a Boat hung
Reciffa, but as he was coming up the River with the Exeter Ketch,
et-
about with Hides to fecure his Men from the Bullets, and being within Mufqu
fhot
.
fhot from the Works where Captain Schuppe lay, the Enemy’s whole Power
fo vehemently upon him from the top of a Hill, that both the -Kctch aud Boat
of his Men Were |
Jus Huign Were funk ; Huigen himfelt receiv’d two mortal Wounds, and moft
isi. il’, a few wounded onely efcaping with Life. Schuppe therefore was forc’il. to
a
return for want of Provifions,and the rather, becaufe he was inform’d that Bagnol
|
Sx.
—“-= - <<

was-coming with a Supply of feven hundred Men.

Mean while the two Captains,Smient and Dunkirken petform’d a valiant Exploit,
viz, they went with a few Men in a Boat, and took a great Portuguefe Veflel richly
=-_>@PAAa— laden, having. no more than four Blunderbuffes and their Swords in the. Boat
with them.
Anotable. Byma allo fell upon the Village Moriwere, where he found moft of the People at
Comes
Byma over Church. Albuquerque inform’d thereof; {ent two hundred Men immediately,
i
=oS
ao
:=
a

—
- —¢
————
7s
ee
S a
ci ag 9 mandedby Franci{co Almeda, to intercept him in his Return ; but he marching onto
/.
ne
~=2.
-4= ——. >= :
da
ee
oe
.~Sy
Veee
BF=
LTS
- —S—
-es
ee
ae
[Sp
oe=
;

Tamarica, they purfu’d him; he marching but flowly, becaufe the narrow Way was
»
) re
o™
oo

ftopt up with fell’d Trees, they overtook him half a League beyond Gara/u, near
ll

i
LU

Ay ah
im Peter Rocha’s Sugat-Mill; where after a fharp Encounter between them, a great
flaughter was made amongft the Spaniards, Almeda and many other Perfons being
if | ut :

1 ae
to Gas
: 4 +
flain, and the reft put to flight. Byma having obtain’d this. Vi@tory, march’d
rafu and burnt the fame, {paring onely the Churches and Cloyfters, according to
q is

: a)'

the Articles made between Albuquerque and. Rembach. newt

Schuppe prevented from croffing the River Jangada by the many muddy Creek
i |

return’d back to Reciffa with great Booty,which he had taken out of a Store-houfle.
; re |
The Dutch Cruifers alfo brought in many Prizes.
Sn ial The Exploits perform’d by John Jobnf{zoon van Efoorn, with four Ships, three
Ketches, and a Sloop, ate likewife very remarkable ; for with this Fleet.in. the
firft place he took the City Truxillo, and from thence Sailing towards the City Came
peche, and Storming the fame valiantly, foon became Matter of it ;the Booty of
the We/t-India Com-
which two Places being brought aboard, increas’d confiderably
panies Stock.
In regard Albuquerque underftood the Situation of Pernambuco better than the Hol-
landers, and had all che Natives to affift him, and by confequence was the better sable
to defend himfelf againft their continual Alarms, the Council at Reciffa therefore
judg’d it convenient to make a farther Voyage to the South, that the Portuguefe,who
were highly difcontented about the Lofles which they had fuftain’d, might be the
fooner induc’d to fubmit to their Government :;To which purpofe ten Ketches,
Mann’d with feven hundred Soldiers, befides Seamen, fet Sail on the tenth of Oéto-
ber, under the Command of Jobn Gyfeling, Schuppe, and Servaes Carpentier, who firft
ran into the River Porto de Piedras, where they took a confiderable number of
Chefts of Sugar, out of Mills, Barques, and Store-houfes, waded through the little
Stream Tatona Manfa, burnt a Village of the fame-Denomination, and Sail’d to the
River Camarigibi, which they Rowing up in the Night, were got not above; four
Leagues by Day-break,. the contrary Tide, and the Plants call’d. Mangues having
= | a hindred
Chap. VII. ¢ AMERICA. pe Si
hindred them from getting farther ; but being inform’d by certain Portuguefe Pri-
foners, that abundance of Sugar lay in Porto Francifco, they marching thither, found
under a Straw Roof ina Wood,feventy four Chefts of Sugar, anda great deal more
in feveral Store-houfes. They alfo pillag’d the whole Countrey towards Alagoa
del Noort, St. Miguel, and Alagoa del Zur. Not far from which Schuppe falling upon
the Village Sennora de Conception, burnt the fame, as alfo 4 Ship upon the Stocks,
the Honfes atthe Mouth of the Stream Alagoa, and the Tackling belonging to the
two Ships, and carry’d away with them a very great Booty. | ,
Tourlon alfo march’d with four Companies from Tamarica to Mangianguape,where
the Gatfifon from Garafu; and fome Jefuits lay, to diffwade the People from fub-
mitting themfelves to the We/t-India Company, to which they were much inclin’d.
Bue Tourlon march’d not fo privately, but that the Enemy had notice thereof, and
fled ; wherefore he finding Mangianguape empty, offer’d the fame to the Flames, as
alfo feveral Sugar-Mills, but fpar’d the Lives of all thofe who bege’d Quarter.
Byma about the fame time with a hundred and forty Mufquetteers, befides two
Companies of Seamen, leaving the Afogados in the Night, march’d to Amaro by Day-
break, which he fet on fire, with a Sugar-Mill and a Store-houfe full of Sugar,
after every Soldier had taken as much as hecould carry : upon which the Enemy
taking Alarm, plac’d their Ambufcades fo cunningly, and fell upon them fo furi-
oiffly, that ‘they had undoubtedly kill’d every Man of them, had not a Party come
in'timely to their affiftance, and forc’d the Portuguefe to fly to a neighboring Sugar-
Mill buile on a Hill, from whence they fir’d with great eagernefs, and made a
mighty noife, blowing their Trumpets and beating their Drums. Byma being for- 2ym’s bold
ced to pafs by the Mill within the reach of the Enemy’s Guns, refoly’d upona bold fi
Attempt, and commanding his Men to throw away their Sugar, and other Booty
with which they burthen’d themfelves, on a fudden ran up to the top of the Hill ;
which A&ion fo amaz’d the Portuguefe, that they fled without offering the leaft refi
ftance. Byma thereupon proceeded on his Way to the Afogados, leaving behind him
Bove feventy flain, and divers wounded,
~ During thefe Exploits on Shore, the Commander Smient Cruis’d with fix Sail [sske
before Paraiba; two Ships belongingto his Fleet fteering towards the Haven of #6"
Formofa, difcover’d five Carvels, a Pink carrying twenty fix, and a great Fly-boat
eighteen Guns, both Dunkirkers ; one of the Carvels ran aground, and was ftav’d to
pieces, two of them got into Rio Grande,and the other two were taken.
Aboutthe fame time Lichthart with two Sloops pafs’d into the River (onayou, fet
upon feven Barques of the Portuguefe, Mann’d with feventy Seamen, and ply’d
them with his Brafs Guns after fuch a manner, that few efcap’d with their Lives :
he took what he thought fit out out of the Barques, and afterwards fet them on
fire.
The Treafurer Matthias van Ceulen weighed Anchor with four Ships and fever Ym»coulen's
Ketches, Mann’d with eight hundred Men, with which he fet Sail to Rio Grande, aa
with intention to fall upon the Fort Tres Reyes. In the River he took two Carvels,
though they lay clofe under the Caftle, Landed a Company of Soldiers, and a hun-
dred and fifty Seamen on the Southern Shore, guarded the frefh River with Boats,
march’d direétly to Tres Reyes, and Encamp’d himfelf near the Redoube which lay
before the Caftle, being follow’d by Byma, Garftman, and (loppenburgh, who in their ~
Way took a Houfe built on a Hill, and confiderable Booty in it. Byma getting
about Noon tothe Village Natall, left fome of his Men there, whileft he march’d
with the reft to the Caftle Tres Reyes. Ceulen fendingto demand the Caftle, receiv’d
at firft a refolute denyal from the Governor Peter Mendex de Govea ; but when the
. Befieged
 tt —a =
-_

AMERICA. Chap. VII.

Befieged faw the Hollanders refolucely bent upon a Storm,they fent to defire a Treaty,
and after fome {mall Capitulation the Caftle was furrendred upon Articles: Gar/te
allow’d
man being made Commander of the Caftle, had a hundred and fifty Soldiers
him. The Fleet fet Sail again, after they had pull’d down and deftroy’d all the
Works which had been rais’d, and made the Inhabitants take an Oath to be faithful
to Garftman, who chang’d the Name of the Caftle from Tres Reyes to that of Ceulen,
Siege,
being the Name of the Treafurer, who bore the chiefeft Commmand in the
and when the Brajilian King Jandus came with a great Train to congratulate the
Companies fuccels, receiv’'d him with great civility.
,
In the beginning of the Year 163 4. twenty fix Sail weighed Anchor from Reciffa
s
to Cruifeup and down in Squadrons before the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, the Promon
tory St. Augujtine, the Rivers Francifco and Parayba. Schuppe and Lichthart alfo fet Sail
with two Ships, a Ketch, two Pinnaces, and a Sloop, carrying two hundred Sol-
diers befides Seamen. | :
Mean while frefh Forces were fent from the Texel, the Maesand Zeland, to Re-
ciffa, where the Council undertook another notable Defign, viz. to furprize the
Forts along the River Parayba: whither coming with twenty Sail, they divided
themfelves into two Squadrons under the Command of the Treafurer John Gyfee
_Lichthare ling, Schuppe, Servaes Carpentier, and Lichthart. Having receiv’d fome repulfe at the
Fort Nazaretta, they refolv’d upon Adtion in fome other place, and to that purpofe
drives the
Portugue|le

Steer’d towards the Point St. Auguftine ; by Day-break a part of the Fleet ran into
out of the
Puntael,

the Mouth of the Haven, notwithftanding the Portuguese fir’d upon them with great.
Guns from the Caftle, and all their Works, without doing any confiderable
damage, onely the Searknight Ketch running aground was fhatter’d all to pieces;
whileft the Hollanders Commanded by Captain Lichthart Landed near Puntael, and
fell upon the Portuguefe in fuch a manner,that they fore’d them to forfake the Place,
burnt above two thoufand Chefts of Sugar, feveral Store-houfes, and a great
Ship, befides two Barques. |
Lichthart being Mafter of the Puntael, was very bufie in finifhing a Stone Re-
doubt which the Enemy had begun,and fecur’d it by a Walland Pallifado’s. Here
he plac’d two Companies,and rais‘d feveral Works,whileft the Portuguefe receiving
- Aid from all thé neighboring Places, fet upon the recovery of the Puntacl, being
the rather encourag’d thereunto, in regard the Hiollanders Forces were ftill in their
They endea- Ships. Fifteen hundred Portugue/es were divided into two Parties, the greateft of
which came through behind the adjacent Moraffes, and tore’d in on the fide of the
vor in vain
to regain the

place near which the fifteen Ships taken by Lichthart lay at an Anchor, whileft the
Pantael,

other Party fell upon the Out-works ; where though the Hollanders defended them-
{elves valiantly at firft, yet they were fore’dto Retreat to the Redoubt, where both
Parties fought with great eagernefs ; but the Hollanders Ketches haling near the Shore,
and firing in amongft the Portugue/e with their great Guns, forc’d them to flye,and
contrary to their Cuftom, to leave their dead Bodies behind them.
Soon after, whileft Gyffeling, Schuppe, and Lichthart flay’d at the Puntael, the Por-
tuguefe, defigning to take Reciffa, kept the Afogados and the Fort on Antonio Vaes in
continual Alarm ; which made the Hollanders fend moft of their Militia thither, and
to fortifie yet more ftrongly than before. The Caftle De Bruin firkt difcovering the
Portuguese wading through the Water, fir’d great Guns at them, upon the hearing
of which Waerdenburgh and St. George fir'd alfo. The T'reafurer Cenlen and Lieute-
nant-Colonel Byma march’d with a Company of Soldiers to the Stone Redoubt,
from whence they fir’d ftoutly upon the Enemy; yet thirty of them got by the
Pallifado’s and Stone Redoubt: wherefore Ceulen match'd in with fome of his
*y ‘Men
Chap.. VII. A MER IC 2. 549
Mento affift the Citizens, and keep the woodden Battery, where the Portuguefe
were ftopt, and with great and {mall Shot put co flight. The Prifoners which the
Hollanders took inform’d them, That Martin Suares, chief Commander overthe Por-
tuguefe that made this Atrempt, had divided his Men into three Parties; the Referve,
which confifted of three hundred Men, was to march on upon the making of a figa
when the other Parties were paft, one along the River Bibiriba, and the other along
the Shore by the Srone Redoubt into Reciffa, to burn the Place, as alfo all manner
of Provifion and Ammunition.
Whileft this Defign of the Portugue/e fell out fo unfortunately ,being difcover’d to
(eulen by a Renegado, the Hollanders at Reciffa receiv'd two Companies from their
Regiment atthe Puntael, and a confiderable number of Men rais’d in Holland by the
Weft India Company. Ceulen and Byma thus fupply’d, went continually out in Pars
ties, burnt in view of the Garrifon in Arryal the Sugar-Mills belonging to Franci/co
Montero ard Lewis Ramires, and were inform’d by five Italian Renegado’s, That
there were not three hundred Men in Garrifon in Arryal ; which fo encourag’d Byma, ama 2:
that he refolving to fall. upon the fame, march’d chither in the Night with a thou- esking r
fand Men from Reciffa; and by Day-break fhot fixteen Granado’s from a neighbor- vious
ing Hill, of which feven fell. into drryal, but.did little Execution; befides, the ‘A
Strength of the Place was fuch, and the number of Men fo confiderable, that his
Defign had no other fuccefs, than that a Hand-granado falling fhort amongft the
Houfes before the Fort; fet fire on them, and ina fhort time burnt a whole Street
with rich Shops, and the Habitations of the Italians. |
.» The Portuguefe at the Puntael being inform’d,that Byma had Befieg’d Arryal with a
thoufand Men, judg’d that moft of the Hollanders were gone thither from the Puntael;
which they werethe apter to believe, becaulethe Hollanders coming but lictle
abroad ftay’d within their Redoubts, which Lichthart had joyn’d toa Battery ;
wherefore they made another Attempt with a hundred and twenty Men on the
Puntael , but 2.Carvel with two Brafs Guns, anda Company of Soldiers lying at
Anchor near the Place by which the Portuguefe were to pafs, and they not expecting
ro meet with any refiftance there, they were,asfoon as they approached the Carvel,
fir'd upon by the Alollanders, who killing feveral of their Men, fo affrighted them,
that they return’d without making any farther Attempt.
Whileft every day more and more Prizes were taken by the Hollanders, and Overresof
brought into Reciffa, and frefh Supplies fent them from Holland, there began to be aoa
fome Overtures of Peace from the Portuguefe; wherein alfo the King of Spain, by
reafon of the feveral Damages he had fuftain’d from the Dutch, began to concern
himéelf, and tomenace them with the great Forces he was able to raile, by reafon
of the late fafe arrival of two rich Plate-Fleets, if they came not to reafonable
Terms. .But. anfwer was return’d from Byma, “ That if they were minded to
<¢ Treat about giving of Quarter,or any fuch like Point in difference between them,
«they fhould find him ready ; but that the He/t-India Company would never re-
“ fign thofe Places taken in Brafile with the Sword, either for Moncey or Goods,
S“but would defend them ro the utmoft of their Power.
The Hhllanders alfo chang’d the Names of feveral Places taken from the Portu-
guefe; for the Caftle near the Promontory St. Auguftine was call'd Gyffeling ; the
Town on Tamarica, Schuppen-ftade ; the Fort at the Afogados, Prince William, and the
‘Puntael, The Fortre/s Vander Duffen.
Norwithftanding the Requefts of the States of the Netherlands and Weft India Com- Giiinere-
pany, tothe Commiffioners Cenlen and Gyffeling, to ftay longer in the Weft-Indies, “™" *™
~yetthey prepar'd for their Voyage home, and the {peedies, becaufe they expected
; Eee : great
 550 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
great {carcity of Provifions, unlefs a fudden Supply came from Holland. During
their two years Government here, they had taken five thoufand five hundred and
nineteen Chefts of Sugar, a hundred fifty nine thoufand nine hundred thirty and
nine Pound of Brafile Wood, one and thirty Ships laden with feveral Goods, which
amounted to 230000 /, befides the value of the Ships and Guns, the taken Forts,
deftroy’d Sugar-Mills, and other Buildings. They leftat their going away above
four thoufand Soldiers, divided into thirty two Companies, to guard Brafile, under
the Command of Schuppe and Arciffewky, and carry'd with them a hundred Soldiers,
befides one and fifty fick and maimed : Moreover, thirty two Sail of Ships,Mann’d
gant's with a thoufand and eighty feven Seamen, were order’d to Cruife up and down be-
Brease fore the Coaft of Brajile, befides four Ketches before the Promontory of St. Augn-
moun fine, and fix Ships in the Haven of Pernambuco.
After Ceulen and Gyffeling had fet Sail for Holland, divers Prizes were brought ins
to Reciffa, as alfo feveral Ships arriv’d there from the Texel and the Maes. The Hil.
landers went out continually in Parties, whileft Schuppe and Lichthart {er Sail alfo with
mie
; eight Ships, Mann’d with fix Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen, to plunder
and pillage all the Havens to the South, where feveral Portugnefe Veflels lay laden
*

with Sugar. But Janduy, who with his Subjects the Tapuyans, joyn’d with the Go-
' .

vernor Gar/tman, kill’d at one time thirty feven Portuguefes, and not long after two
:

hundred and fixty mote ; taking his leave of Garftman, went home with fix Hol.
Re

1) 7
hy

landers, leaving his Son, the young Janduy, and his Brother Caracara, together with
1
’

:
i

5
Tr
»
.

:
his Nephew Copun, to his care.
fr

Dh
'
Janduy made it his Bufinefsto perfwade the adjacent Tapayans to joyn their For-
ces with his, and fo by the Abllanders affitance to fall upon the Portuguefe. Mean
‘
‘om

while the young Janduy and Copun went to Reciffa, which was the rather permitted,
i as
4 | aa
) )
" ;

ei
‘
v
i
:
that they might be able to damp the Reports which the’ Portuguefe had {pread
:
|
:
ia
| ‘
amongft the Tapuyans, viz, That the Hollanders were very ill provided, and there-
‘
Os
)

it
te
‘
u

7
:
fore made all poffible Preparations to defend Reciffa, and confequently the, whole
Countrey of Brafile, and fo leave thofe Tapuyans that jeyn’d with them to the mercy
=o :

: 7
we s |i go‘)
y
:
&Esi
)
of the Spaniards. :
Not long after were difpatch’d from thence the Councellors Jacob Stackhower,
;

ambatdos
fent to con-
ata and Colonel Arciffewsky, with the Interpreter Antonio Parapoavo, to Treat with Janduy
ingon theirabout the Defign which they had upon the Portugaefe, and alfo what Advantages
~~ he fhould receive, if he would affift the We/t-India Company with his Forces, whens
ever he fhould be fent to. |
HisPowe, King Janduy bore Command over fixteen hundred Men, whofe Wives carry’d
Alles. their Hammocks after them to fleep on in the Night, having no fetled Habitations,
but ranging in Parties up and down from place to place to get their Food;the young
People went commonly along with Beretiawa, and the old with fanduy ; round about
- whofe Countrey dwelt the poor Natives Aiki,as alfo Fuckerijou, Ocioneciou, Pajoke,
and Aponorijow : the firft are Commanded by King Coftaculy ; the fecond, by Mara-
kou, a Friend of the Portuguefes ; the third, by Nonbu, the fourth, by Kidoa ; and
the laft, byJarepo: which twolaft are no way inferior in Power to Janday, but the
others much weaker. | page:
Four forts of People continually Warr'd againft Janduy, viz the Jenbo, who live
fo far up inthe Countrey, thatno Chriftians ever came to the knowledge of them,
_ the other three are the Woyana, Carivy, and Caririwaffu, who affift the Portugue/e. a
The fore-mention’d Interpreter Parapoavo was met in his Journey by a Com-
pany of Tapuyans, led by Commendaoura, Janduy’s Sifters Son, who was to fucceed
him after his death, according to the Cuftom of the Tapuyans, whofe Sons do not
| fucceed
Chap. VIL. AMER IC 4. $51
fucceed their Fathers in the Throne, but their Sifters Sons. Commendaoura told him}
That he was impower’d by his Uncle to Treat with the Hollanders ; to which pure
pofe coming with forty Men before the Caftle (eulen, he inform’d them, That
Jandouy could not come to them with his whole Power, becaufe there was no freth
Water in the Mountains Mitiapa in the Summer; Moreover; that he Mourn’d for
his deceafed Wife. Janduoy was alfo requefted to go to Parayba, where he fhould
get great ftore of Booty; and that the Hollanders would follow them with a confi«
derable Power. 3
_ ‘Arciffeusky being inform’d of the Condition of Conayon by'two, who having been theFer co:
taken Prifoners by the Portaguefe, leap’d over-board from ‘4° Carvel; bound from agp tre)
thence to Portugal; and {wam afhore, march’d ‘from the Fort (eulen in the Night
with two hundred Men, befides forty Tapuyans, who kill’d more Venifon for the
Hollanders than they were able to eat; and coming within two Cannons-fhot of Co-
nayou; he divided his Men into four Parties, that fo they might Storm the four Core
nets of the Fort at once; which having done by {wimming over the Moat, arid
climbing up the Walls, which were.a Pikes length, they got into the Fort, in which
they found eleven dead Bodies, ten Iron Guns, two Hooks, and feveral Chefts’ of
Sugar; and amongft other Prifoners they took the Captain Alpares Fragofo d’ Al-
buquerque.- oe ore |
Stackbower alfo fetting Sail when Arciffeusky left the Caftle Ceulen, intending to
meet him again av an appointedtime before Conayou, was’kept back by contrary
Winds. ) yn st baht:
After this Arciffensky fet Sail ‘to ‘Mongoangape: where Rowing up the River, he
took a Ketch with two hundred ‘Chefts of Sugar, as alfova Carvel and a Boat, and
Landed where the River bends about a Mountain, whichfo ‘afftighted the Portu-
guefe, that they quitted Antonio Marino’s Sugar-Mills. Soon after the Fleet took a
Barque with Wine, and return’dto Reciffa.. | 240 |
Mean while Schuppe was not idle, for goingup the River Camarigibi, he burnt di-
vets Houfes, as alfo on each fide of the River Alagoa, where he alfotook four rich
Sugar-Mills, whileft many Veffels from the United Netherlands brought feveral Ships
into the Haven of Pernambuco, which they had taken on the Coaft of Brafile.
About the latter end of November 163.4. thirty two Sail, divided into two Squas
drons(the firft carrying in one and twenty Ships,a thoufand nine hundted forty and
five Soldiers, the fecond on eleven Ketches,four hundred and nine) under the Com:
mand of Schuppe, Arciffewsky, Carpentier, and Stackhower, weigh’d/Anchor to go to Pa-
rayba ; where Schuppe Landing firft with fix hundred Men, fell upon the’ Enemy in
fuch a manner, that he put themto flight, andforc’d them to leave a great part of
their Arms, Hats and Coats behind ; and it wanted little butthe Governor Antonio
d’ Albuquerque had been taken in the:purfuit : Mean while'the reft of the Hollanders
Landed, and Casper Leymatch’d along a ‘Cart-Road with three Companies direétly
to the Fort Santa Margareta, and Encamp’d himlelf behind a'Hill, about a Mufquet- _,
fhot fromthe Walls of the Fort : Schuppe going’along the’ Shore, found divers for- Sema Mor-
faken Works, and Intrench’d along the River on the Eaft-fide of the Caftle.~ Are piedbyte:
ciffeusky march’d on the Right-hand along the Sea-fhorein view of thePortugue/e in |
Garrifon. ‘In the Rivet lay an Ifle, on which was built the'Caftle Re/tinga, which
could receive conftant Aid from the Caftle Margareta on the Main. |
Lichthart going in between the Ifland and the Caftle Margareta with fix well
Mann’d. Boats; took two Barquesand'a Boat behind the Ifland; and march’d
through a Wood to Re/tringa ;where\he found that’ the Fort feparated-from the
Ifland, was furrounded with Water, wherefore he withdrew into the Wood till
ee ae Eee 2 the
 - = —_—
~~ =

A M E R_ I C A. Chap. Vil:

the Water was fall’n down, and then Storm’d the Fort Qeftringa, and notwith:
ftanding the Portugue/e fir'd continually upon him with two Brafs Guns, he foon
became Mafter of it, and cutoff all thofe whom he found had born Arms); whileft
The Fort Schuppe fir’d upon the Fort Margareta from a Platform, and alfo threw Granado’s in-
»Arciffenshy likewile approach’d nearer and nearer with his ‘Trenches,
Margareta
rayen by
Schuppe.
to the fame.
on which! the Portugue/e difcharged, many Guns; but after the Breaftworks -were
furfendred-the Fore-to
moft of them fpoil’d, the Governor, Simon de Albuquerque,
Schuppe, who permitted a hundred and fifty Men that were in Garrifonthere, to. go
to their feveral Dwellings up in the Countrey,; the teft were Tran{ported to other
places, on promife that they would nor bear Arms againft the We/t-Indsa Company
during the {pace'of fix. Moneths. In the Caftle the. Hollanders found fix Brafs Demi-
Culverins and fifteen Drakes, befides other Ammunition, with|whichtheVicors
purfu’d their, Conqueft, putting themfelves in a pofture to go up a Creek,\which
runs two Leaguesalong a River to Parayba; and to fall upon that City, whén two
French Renegado’s coming from the, Northern Fort. Antonio brought information,
That that Fort was guarded but by-a few Men,.and had butlittle Gun- powder, and
if the Hollanders would but.once, make.a,fhew of:-Storming the fame, it-would foon
be deliver’d-to them, though for!its/Situation itis invincible,;/butSchuppe fuppos'd
that there might be a Plot in this Information, and the rather, becaufe he heard
that the Dukeof Bagriola was comingithither withfix hundred Men, neverthelefs,
The Fort Aga to be better/aflur’d theteof, he-fent’a Drumm demand Antonio: ‘The, Gover-
itd.er
tonio taken
by Lichthare, nor thereof, call’d Magaglianes defir'd three daystime to confider, which was utterly
deny’d. him,\and he had.onely. leave,to carry‘away the King’s Standard, .and his
Requeft granted, ‘That the Alollanders fhould make a fhew.of Storming the Caftle;
that ic might not be faidhe had fyrrendred {uch a Fortrefs without a Gun being fir'd,
after which: Lichthart went into the Caftle, -wondting at fucha Victory ; for the
Fort, on which no Charges had been fpar’dj Jay upon-an inacceffible place;,and had
five Brafs Culverins and:nineteen Inon,Guns..| » 4): yP ria "
The City Pa-
rayba defert> *
‘The Hollanders encourag’d by their good Sirccefs; went the: fame Night up the
ed by Bag-
sola,
River Parayba tothe Creek) Tambia Grande, where) Landing,ithey found all the |
Works empty, three Iron Guns lying difmounted on the Ground, the City .Parayba
withoutPeople, andthe Guns abour the fame;either madewufelefs, or funk in the
Hayen.. A, Mamburgher that had liv’d a confiderable time in Parayba; other wile call'd
Philippeaj inform’d the Hollanders, That Bagnola {eeing no means to. defend Parayba,
was gone to Goyana'with two, Companies, onejof Italians, andthe other Spaniards,
who . were. imarch’d |into, the Woods, after they| had burnt three Ships, and two
Store-houfes full of Sugar, in which: there were confum’d-near upon.three hun-
dred Cheftse AY guys 53 .
Before this Defign. upon Parayba'was undertaken, the We/t-India Company {ent
out four, Veflels under the Command of Jobn Walbeck, to the Ifle.Curacao ; the Situa-
tion of which John Otzon-knew exaétly;' having been a long time a Prifoner:there :
Walbeck getting through a narrow Mouth between: feveral Rocks into.a convenient
Harbor before Curacao, Landed feventy five Mufquetteers.who were, Encountred
by feventy Brafilians Arm’d with Clubs; which the Spaniards had animated. to fight,
by making:them half Drunk. ;The Hollanders haying march’d all over the Ifland,
burnt the Village Maria, and atlaft agreed withthe Governor. Alonfo Lopes de Morla
to leave the Ifle. | es
Schuppe chang’d the Name of Parayba, or Noffa Sennora das Nieves, or Philippea, into
FrederickeStadt, in honor to the Prince of Orange, nam’d Frederick Henrick,
Parayba, ot
Henrich. ftadt This City hath two great Market-places, twelve Streets, and a large Francifcan
defcrib’d.
3 Cloyfter,
 Chap. VII. AMER IC 4£. 553
Cloyfter, built near‘a Lake, and incles’d within a Wall by a broad Bay, which the
River Parayba makes beforethe City ; the Countrey about which is mountainous :
In other places, efpecially along the River, lie many fruitful Plains, abounding
in fome places with the Grain Mandiboca, which is ground to Meal, Potato’s, Lem-
mons, Cabbages, Cucumbers, Bananas, Cocoa-Nuts, Ginger, Araba, very delicious
when Preferv’d with Sugar, and Cacious, fomewhat like Chefnuts, of which the
Natives make an intoxicating Liquor. |
Whileft all things were put in good order at Parayba, Colonel Picard march’d
with eight Companiesto the Houle Validaris, if poflible, there totake the Governor
Antonio Albuquerque Prifoner ; but he being forfaken by all the Brafilians (who camé
back with Picard and their Commander, the Jefuit Emanuel de Morais) ab{conded
himfelf ;not long before which a Proclamation had been publifh’d in the Name
of the States of the United Netherlands and the Weft-India Company, promifing great
Civilicies and Advantages to all the Inhabitants of Parayba, whether Natives or
others, that would come in and fubmit to their Government.
This Invitation was fo well receiv’d, that many who were kept back fo long as
Albuquerque appeat'd, as foon as they heard of his obfcuring himfelf, came in to the
Fiollanders, as Duarte Gomes, and. feyeral eminent Portuguefes, with a confiderable
number of indifferent quality ; as alfo the Inhabitants of the Province of Rio. Grande
"
came to Frederick«Stadt, to claim the benefit of the Proclamation.
Arciffensky and Stackbower marching to Goyana with feven hundred and fifty Men,
took up their Quarters in the Village Capivaribi, lying at a River of the fame Name ;
where all che Inhabitants of Goyana being fully fatisfi'd with the Hollanders Propo-
{als, own’d their Government, and fell off from the King of Spain. But the Spanifh. rebetine tot:
Captain Rebellino, animated by the Je/uits in the Village Mo/uick, got three hundred vo ghia
Soldiers together, befides a confiderable company of Brafilians, Commanded by "~~
Camaron, and burnt all the Sugar-Canes and Brafile Wood in Goyana ; Whither Arci/-
fewsky marching, foon put them to flight, and burnt the Village Mofuick, with the
Church and Je/uits Cloyfter, from whence the Enemy ran to the ftrange Mountain
Miritbi, which in the rainy Seafon, efpecially when great Showers fall, makes a
noife like claps of Thunder, or like great Guns. The fame Wonder is obferv’d of
the Mountain Pafayra, in a Wood behind Girgolio Barro’s Sugar-Mills ; the my ftery
whereof we leave to Philofophers to enquire into. Arciffensky follow’d Rebellino,
who had ambufcado’d himfelf about half a League from Mo/uick ; from whence he
being alfo driven, his Men began more and more to defert him, whileft Schuppe
with a confiderable number of Men came to Arciffeusky ;Encamping themfelves
about Mu/arope,they fent eighty Mufquetteers, Commanded by Lieutenant Metting,,
to an adjacent Wood, where Rebellino Quartering, Engag’d with Metting, till Schuppe
coming to his affiftance, he fled to Nazaretta. After which the Countrey cthere-
abouts enjoy’d the happinefs of Peace.
Arciffewsky ftaying to fetcle all things in good order in Parayba, took up his Quar- The, Calle
ters near the Caftle Real, about a Cannon-fhot from the River Afogados, and a by Arafimky
League and a half from the Hollanders Fort fo call’d ; yet his Defign was not to lay
clofe Siege to the fame, but to prevent all manner of Aid from coming to it, the
rather, becaufe he was inform’d, that there were not above fixcy fix hundred Cans
of Meal, and fixty five Head of Cattel in the Fort, for three hundred Portuguefe and
feven hundred Brajilians, to which purpofe he built feveral Redoubrs, Batteries
and Platforms: after he had lay’n before it three Moneths it was furrendred upon
thefe following Articles, viz. “‘ That the Befieged fhould march out with lighted
* Matches, Bullets in their Mouths, flying Colours, and with Bag and Baggage,
| SEB ee and
=:
 =
ae

AMERICA. Chap. VIL.

554
The Church Ornaments they
‘and be Tranfported either to Tercera ot Madera.
and other Ammunition were
had alfo leave to carry away with them, but the Guns with
co remain in the Fort. Hereupon the Governor Andres Marini march’d out
fifty which he had out of the
Gye hundred choice Soldiers, befides a hundred and
about Real, ranfom’d their Goods
iret Countrey ; and two hundred Families that dwelt
s,and five Iron Guns.
/ for 50001, In the Fort the Hollanders found fifteen Braf
little Ketches, carrying five
Mean while Lichthart fet Sail with fix Ships and five
de, he march’d two Leaguesialong
Companies ; with which Landingon Barra Gran h he
Hill, round about whic
che Shore to the Church of St. Bento, ‘built on a high
ifado’s.
Encamp’d himfelf, and fortifi’d the fame with Pall
to take the Oath of
Hither the Inhabitants of Porto (alvo came in great numbers ata
Allegiance to the Weft-India Company.
h’d directly to Porto
Lichthart affifted by Captain Cornelis Exel’s Company, marc
Men, with which
Calyo, notwithftanding he had but three hundred and twenty feven
Hill, and coming near
he went along a troublefom Way, up Hill andsdown
poffefs’d'a Church
Porto Calvo, was inform’d by a Portaguefe, That the Duke Bagnola
*+*,
« *“ =

a Company newly
there full of Port-holes, with two hundred choice Men, befides
+...
~-_ - —

g Fortification near the Ri-

a- -2

sugnate rons arriv'd thete from Serinhain: and that he had a ftron
. °=-- ‘

rank’d on @
mer ver; neverthelefs Lichthart marching towards him, difcover’d his Forces
|
yy
Vee
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to quit the Church,

‘i fteep Mountain, whither he running with his Men, fore’d Bagnola
near the High-way, whileft eighty Brafilians,
as alfo thofe that lay in Ambufcade’
\ la the
pi | - Lome Portuguefes, anda Company of Neopolitans, thought to have fall’n upon
the Church, and Bagnola
Ai Barques of the Hollanders ; but feeing the States Flag upon
feven Men, be-
routed, they foon Retreated. This Victory coft the Hollander but
e. |
. fides eighteen wounded; for which the Portuguefe loft many mor
amy=—on

ting of the
The Inhabitants of Camarigibi, Antonio, and about Porto Calvo, accep
__————

| ee oe
en
es
Eo~ aSe
Piollanders..
Articles propos‘d in Parayba, took the Oath of Allegiance to the
E
o,
{a

| i Fa |
-
--

Command
Inthe interim after “rciffenshy had taken the FortReal, and given
Brafilians,
iit: thereofto Verdoes, he’fet forth with ten Companies and three hundred
ry St. Au
fei, to joyn with Schuppe, who Befieg’d the Fort Naxaretta near the Promonto
from thence
He) | -—-guftine , but the Governor Albuquerque fearing he fhould be furpris‘d,fled
Bizerra
(eae |) with three hundred Men, and left. Peter Correa de Gamba, and Lewis Barbalbo
that
Hod in hisftead. But Schuppeapproach’d fo near with his Trenches and Granado’s,
us
Neh) Correa inform’d of Arciffewky’s coming, furrendred the Caftle upon advantageo
a | dnl: Atticles. 3
eee { | After this Succefs Schuppe march’d along the Shore, and Areiffeusky up into the
Countrey, both with intention to fall upon the Enemy in Serinhain. Arvciffewsky
anies,
marching along a troublefom Way, came to Miguel de Poyaca with fix Comp
r he met
where the Councellor Schotte had fortifi’d a Church ; and fomewhat farthe
f with a brave Francifcan Cloyfter, where he was inform’d, that the Governor Albus
for Schuppe
PorteCalve quer que had again furpris’d the Fort Porto Calvo ; which prov’d too true;
o, a League
Albuquerque. haftening to his afliftance through Serinbain,Una,and Barro, ftaid at Furicof
Companies .
TAR | | from Porto Calvo, for Arciffeusky, who was coming thither with feven
Villa Foamofa, a pleafant Vil-
i a over the deep and crooked Stream Serinbain ; and before
Forces
lage, in which ftood an old Fe/uits Cloyfter and a little Church, both their
;
joyn’d together making up feventeen Companies of Foot,and one Troop of Horfe
but they came too late : for after a long and flout Affault, and no lefs Refiftance
o
from the Befieged, the Place was furrendred to dlbuquerque, who caus’d Doming
Calabar to be Quarter’d; a Man not inferior for Strength and Activity to that Milo
his
Crotoniates, fo famous amongft the ancient Grecians : Amongtt other proofs of
Strength
 wi =ik |
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h
i=“
yi
s
IF |
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A2
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PETE l
il
nih

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l
esoi
hiaoi
a a
g

WM
f
{tl iit ee

i
= mea

uailn “.
hh
Hill
Wi i WEVA ae. io:
AN iain
Mi
g % We schyntl
iy
eT cot
Chap. VII. AMERICA. rs sgh
Strength itis related, that he took a Stag running full {peed by the Horns,and ‘turn-
ing its Neck, pull’d the Tongue‘out of its Mouth. The reafon why Albuquerque
caus'd him co be put to that death, was becaufe he had once joyn’d with the Hil. -
landers, and done the Portuguefe much hurt. But Schuppe and: Arciffewky marching
to Porto Calvo, to Engage with Albuquerque, who was eight hundred Portuguefe and a
thoufand Brafilians ftrong, found the Place ruin’d, and about a hundred Hollanders
unbury’d, and Albuquerque march’d away, driving the Inhabitants about Porto (alvo
before him, with three hundred Prifoners: The Hollanders following him, built a
Fort at'Praipuera, to prevent the Portuguefe from returning to Porto Calvo, Schuppe
alfo demanded three Companies more to fupply the places of the fick and flain
Men, as allo thofe who were fo miferably plagued by the Bicios, that they were not
able to go. Thefe Bicios are little Animals, which creeping in at the Pores, caufe
an infufferable pain. Schyppe’s Requeft was the fooner granted, becaufe the Coun-
cel at Reciffa judg’d_ it convenient-to pull down the Forts Real and Naxaretta, being
already much decay’d and unferviceable, and that thofe who were in Garrifon in
them, fhould Encamp in the Fields. Schuppe had long before this time fall’n upon
the Enemy in the 4fogados, but thathewanted Provifions, and little Veffels, which
were requir’d for that Expedition. But marching up into the Countrey, he lefe
the Command to Arciffewsky, who much forwarded the building of the Fort on
Paripuera. | | | |
. The Year 1635. being almoft expir’d, one Morning about Day-break thirty two 4 sen Bie
Sail were feen to Steer directly towards Reciffa ;two Ships of an extraordinary 7ra" re"
bignefs were follow’d by nine Gallions, and thefe by the reft of the Fleet, cone |
fifting of Pinks, Carvels, and Barques; all which approaching, were known to be
Spaniards, which ftruck no {mall amazement to the Inhabitants of Reciffa, moft of
their Ships being Cruifing abroad before the Coaft of Bmfile, and their Men a great
diftance offin the Field; onely five Ships fitted for ah Engagement being at Ans
chor, and five more deeply laden: Mean while the Spanifh Admiral approach’d
within a Cannonefhot of the Fame Ketch, difcharg’d one Gun, and ftood off to Sea
again, being inform’d that Real and Nazaretta were taken by the Hollanders. On the
other fide, all the Places in their poffeffion had notice of this Fleet, which Lichthart
follow’d with fix Ships and two Ketches, carrying two Companies of Soldiers, be-
fides Seamen, and keeping juft within fight of them, (aw them at laft come toan
Anchor before Paripuera (where a part of the Dutch Forces lay under the Command
of Arciffewky,) and make preparation to Land their Men: Whereupon Lichthare
Landed alfo, with the Councellor (arpentier, and joyning with Arciffewky, took up
a valiant Refolution,to Sail clofe up to the Spanifh Fleet with his eight Ships, whileft
Arciffewsky march’d inthe Night with fix hundted Mento Jaragoa, to prevent the
Enemy’s Landing ; but having a Portuguefe for his Guide, was led a wrong Way ;
wherefore returning, he fecur’d the Way to Paripuera, whileft the Portuguefe Inhabi-
tants, contrary to their Oath, refus‘d to carry or bring Provifions to the Dutch
Forces, and joyning together combin’d with the Spanifh Seamen, and kill’d all the
|
Hbllanders which they could meet either on the High-ways,or in their Houfes, ma-
king ufe of the Negro’s to carry the Spaniards what Intelligence they could give them 4

of the Abllanders Proceedings : Wherefore they thought it the beft way to be rid
|
a)
of fueh Villains, to deftroy them all chat dwelt in the Countrey between Paripuera :

and Porto Calyo, and for the {pace of ten Leagues burnt all their Sugar-Canes in the ee
—

Fields, their Millsand Houfes. Arciffeusky caus’d Ediéts to be put upon every Church
Door, That all the Inhabitants fhould remove from Porto Calvo, where the Dutch a
ee
tea

Army was to Encamp, to keep them from the Spanifh Oppreffion, p og

. | That =~
 AMERICA _.- Ghap. VIE
That Summer having been fo dry, that no man ever remembred the like, had
dry’d up all the Morafles, fo that the Spaniards marching over them and hizh Moun-
tains, got aback Way into the Countrey. In the mean time John Walbeck made a
Fort with five Bulwarks on the Ifland Caracao, near the Haven Santa Cruz.
Houtebeen alfo ran with two Ketches, the Otter and Brack, to Anchor before Curas
cao, and from thence to the Haven St, Jago de Cuba, where the Watch made no Alarm,
becaufe he carry’d Burgundy Colours, by which allo feveral others, both Portugue/e
and Spaniards were deceiv'd. Not long after he burnt one Barque with Tortoi/es,
funk another, and feta third a Drift ; after which having refrefh’d at Famaica, he
Engag’d with feveral Spanifh Men of Wat and took them, befidesa great number
of Prizes, in one of which he found fuch abundance of Copper, Indigo, Money,
Canajter, Tobacco, and PiecesGoods, that the two Ketches were not able to load the
a fame ; but atat laft Steering for Holland, he was fet upon by feven Dunkirkers, Com-
' manded by Colaert, and after longand ftout refiftance was taken.
Captain Abraham Roofendael fetting Sail from the Texel, met with a Frigat cartys
©7—,= ing forty fix Chefts full of Ryalsof Eight, being in number eighty fix thonfand, de-
ad
a«
fign’d to pay the Forces at Porto Rico; befides a quantity of Plate, which amounted
-5

mer
—-
~
ro a confiderable fum of Money ; with all which he arriv’d fafe in his defired
%~
Poit. | | | |
2S
[>
Pa
——
—_
nae
=
-
Ayciffeusky fortifi'd himfelf along the crooked River Paripuera, full of Crocodiles,
—e
which hurt none, unlefs provok’d. This River runs five Leagues to the North-
—_nny
ward of Punta de Faragoa, where the Spanifh Forces Landed. »
Southward from Jaragoa lie the Alagoas del Nort and Zul, diftinguifh’d by a high
ee
Tract of Land; where the Spanifh General: Lewis Rochas Borgia left his Guns’ and a
>ne
/.

‘i
Dll

“=;
4g +
thoufand Men, under the Command ofthe Duke Bagnola, whileft with three times
a.
<r as many more he went to Porto Calvo to be there before the time which the Hollan:
ders had in their Edicts fer the Inhabitants for their removal. : | |
Arciffeusky had by thistime built on the North part of the Mouth of Paripuera a
‘Redoubt like a Caftle, out of the middle whereof rofea woodden Tower, fill’d
with Earth, and fecur’d by a Half-Moon; on one fide whereof he lay Encamp’d
with fifteen Companies. On the South fide of the River ftood alfo two ftrong
Forts. Arciffewsky having not the leaft thought that Borgia would come over the
Mountains, and through inacceffible Woods and Morafles, a back Way into Porto
Calvo, receiv'd news on the thirteenth of January 1636. by a Renegade Negro, that
the Spanifh Army, confifting of three thoufand Men, were come to Rodrigo de Bar-
vos his Sugar-Mills, about five Leagues from Paripuera, and was fuddenly expected
to fall upon Colonel Schuppe in Porto Calvo , whereupon Arciffeusky iminediately fet
forth with twelve hundred Men and two Field-pieces, burnt all the Houfes, Sugar-
Mills and Caneshe could meet with. Mean while Borgia (upon whofe Approach
Schuppe had left Porto Calvo) obferving by the Smoak in the Countrey, that Arci/fewsky
had put his Ediéts in Execution, leaving a confiderable Garrifon in Porto (ulvo,
Went to meet Arci/sewsky with the choiceft Men. ArcifSewhy being got between Ca-
marigibi and Porto Calvo, without having any notice of the Enemy’s being fo near,
and his Forlorn being unawares Engag’d, and running back in great diforder,
drew up his Men into a pofture of Defence about a Mufquet-fhot from the Ene-
my ; but thedarknefsofthe Night madea great confufion in both Armies, being
as it were mingled pell-mell one with another. Arcifseusky was much inferior in
number to the Spaniards, but confidering it was impoffible to march back, in regard
the Enemy was as well behind them as before, and that thoufands of Brafilians lay
watching for them in the Woods, in cafe they fhould bedifpers'd; he faw there
» Was
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 Chap. VII. AMERICA. wo
was no way but to ftand to the hazard of Battel. About Day-break both Armies
ftood an hour looking upon one another; the place where they ftood being
furrounded with Woods and deep Valleys. Borgia drew out his Men on a Hill,
overgrown with Bufhes. Arci/Sewsky had drawn out his Men on fomewhat a lower erga’, el
Ground. Borgiaat laft fent fome of his Mufquetteers down the Hill, who fir’d with
a full Volley.upon the Dutch, whilett Arcifseuskyonely difcharg’d a Field-piece at a
Tree, under which Borgia ftood to take a view of the Hollanders Forces ; upon the
firing of which Gun Borgia began to. come.down the Hill with all his Army,againft
whom Arcifewsky drew out his firft and fecond Divifion, whilett Captain Vanden
Brande led. his Companies within two Pikes length from the Enemy, before he dif-
charg’d, which was no fooner done, but contrary to Order they broke into the left
ing of Borgia’s Army, and puthis Mufquetteers to flight; who were foon fol-
low’d by the-whole Spanifo Army, fome running into. the Woods, others into thé
Moraffes,but moft of them along the narrow Way which leads to Porto (Calvo. Among
the Slain, was Borgia himfelf, who was Defcended from the greatelt Fainilies of thé
Dukes of Lerma and Borgia; he was about forty eight years of Age, and had ferv’d
the Spanifo.King a confiderable time in the Netherlands. This Victory coft the Hol-
landers about forty Men, befides as many more wounded. Amongft the Spanifh Pri-
foners was a Neopolitan Gentleman, call’d Heétor de la (alce, who upon Examination
inform’d the Hollanders, That with the laft Spanij Fleet there Landed twothoufand
four hundred Men in Alagoa, with twenty Brafs Field-pieces, abundance of Wheel-
barrows, Spades and Pick-axes, which coft-in Portugal eight hundted thoufand Cru-
| fado’s ;with which great warlike Preparations: Borgia made no doubt to have got
faft footing in the Countrey, and to have cut off all manner of Affiftance from the
Fibllanders ; That the Spanifh King rais’d.a great'many Men both in Spain, Italy, and
Germany, that with the firft opportunity he might fitout a Fleet, which was to be
conducted by four thoufand two hundred Seamen, to whom the Caftilians were to
add eight thoufand five hundred Soldiers and two hundred Seamen, and the Porty-
guefe the like number, to ferve afhore, and to-drive all Strangers out of Brajile ;
That this Defign had long fince been put in Execution, had not the Albuquerquers
continually deceiv’d the King of Spain,under pretence that Brafile was in no danger,
That Albuquerque would be forc’d to refign up the Intereft which he had in Brajile,
for which the King would give him a Dukedom in Portagal in exchange, |
_ Schuppe and Arci/seusky judging it no way convenient to fall upon the Enemy in
Porto Calvo, Garrifon’d Paripuera with four hundred Men, under the Command of
the Captains Day and Philip Andrews, whom they furnifh’d with Provifions for five
Moneths, and left Order to defend the Countrey againft the Incurfions of the Ene-
my ; which done, they went aboard with eleven hundred Men, and took in two
Companies of Brafilians at Barra Grande; with whom Landing behind the Ifle Alexio,
they came to Serinhain before Day-light, and found all the Inhabitants fled into the
Woods, fearing they would take Revenge on them for murdering of their Sick
which they had left there. They were no fooner Encamp’d here, but they receivd
Information from John Talibon, that the Spanifh Army ‘intended to Befiege the Ree
doubt in Barra Grande, which therefore, as lying on an ill place, and not able to ree
fit long, they flighted : After which being furnith’d with Pfovifions out of fome
Ketches Commanded by the Admiral Lichthart, they return’d, with Intentions to
take up their Quarters in Serinbain during the Winter Seafon, whileft the Enemy
lay in Cockan, on one fide of Una and Serinbain, and kept private Correfpondence
with fome of the Portuguefe that had taken the Oath of Allegiance to the Hollan-.
ders 5 but Arci/eusky fell fo fiercely upon them, that they all fled to Porto Calyo, and
took
 ¥

558 | AMERICA... — Chap. VIL.

took three Monks Prifoners, who had been the chief Authors of this private Cor-
re{pondence. |
Soon after twenty eight Ships arriving at Reciffa, brought frefh Supplies of Men
thither from the Maes and Zealand, with Ammunition and Provifions, which was
much wanted ; alfo two Councellors, Henrick Schild and Paulus Serooskerken.
This Fleet was {carce got in, when in the Evening news was brought, that
eight hundred Spaniards were broke in through Poyuca, and had taken fobn Paex
Baretto’s Sugar-Mill, and deftroy’d all they came at ; but that the Hollanders defend-
ing the Church with great Valor, obtain’d Quarter upontthe furrendring of it.
This raging Army, led by Colomel Rebellino and Madurera, march’d to Laurenzo
and Ma/siapi, whither there reforted daily more Men to them, which pute the Coun-
cil at Reciffa to a great Dilemma, forefeeing, that if they fhould fend for Schuppe .
from Serinhain, the Enemy from Una and Porto Calvo would hem him in, neither had
they fufficient Forces to withftand Rebellino ; therefore it was judg’d convenient to —
fend to Arcifseusky to joyn with Schuppe’s Army, that they might both unawares fall
upon the Enemy. In the interim a hundted and twenty Tapuyans, fent by Janduy,
came to Reciffa, with information that Janduy was coming himfelf, with feve-
ral other neighboring Kings, to their Affiftance. Schuppe, according to the
Councels Order, march’d in the Night through the Sugar-Mills of Rio Formofo,
‘refted the next day in the Valley Orekinda, and guarded all the Avenues: » Whileft
he went about to Storm the Village Una, Manfveld was to Engage with a hundred |
Spaniards on one fide of Tletta’s SugarsMills, and Arcifeusky wasto fall upon the
_ Village ;whither marching early in the Morning, they faw onely a few of the
Inhabitants, the Enemy being gone with his Forces over to Manbucava, nor could
they pafs any farther, finding the River too deep to wade through: But it had
like to have gone worfe with Stackhower and Litchthart, who with Maulpas making
twelve hundred Men, were furpris’d by Rebellino, rufhing forth of an Ambufcade
The Spsui- near Laurenzo, where Maulpas receiving a Wound dy’d of the fame. This rough En-
ards under
Rei certainment at firft much daunted the Hollanders ybut regaining their Courage, they
Stucklower prefs'd upon the Spanifh Army in {uch a manner, that Rebellino being wounded in
his Shoulder, fled in great diforder through the Sugar-Fieldsto Porto Calvo, and of
fifteen hundred Men fay’d not above four hundred, the reft being either kill’d, or
fcatter’d up and down the Countrey ; twelve taken Hfollanders were alfo releafed by
this means. The Portuguefe Defign on Paripuera alfo fucceeded not much better.
| Arcifseusky receiving Letters of Advice fromthe Councellor Serooskerken, that
(amaron lay Encamp’d with fifteen hundred Men about the Fortrefs (apavaribi in
Goyana, and that the Befieged could not hold out above four days longer, and that
the Enemy had alfo taken two Barques full of Provifions and Ammunition, fent
thither to relieve the Befieged, march’d with exceffive toyl through uncouth and in-
tricate Ways, which were rendred'unpaflable by the great Rains that had lately
comsren pat fall’n, and came about an hour after Sun-fet to Capaviribi ; from whence Camaronbe-
arigewky ing fled-two hours before, had left Ammunition in three Carriages, fecur’d from
{mall Shot by thick Planks, which were drawn clofe under the Walls; alfo'a Bur-
gundian Flag, two Field-pieces, and two Barques which he had taken with Provi-
fions. The Enemy fled to Tapiferica, and from thence to Terra Nova. Whileft Arcifs
feusky view’d the Works, and his Men ftood in' good order, great numbers of Brafi-
lians Sally’d out of the Redoubt, took the Provifions which Camaron had left, fpread
themfelves up in the Countrey, robb’d the Portuguefe Houfes, and kill’d the Peo-
ple. As foon as Arcifseusky had put all thingsin:good order, he left the Brajilians
in Goyana under the Command of the Councellor Byffens, and purfu’d the fled
Enemy;
 Chap. VII. AMERICA.
359
Enemy, notwithftanding there fell great Showers of Rain, refted
a litele in the de-
ferted Village Tapiferica, formerly inhabited by three thoufand Peopl
e, who pol:
fels’d feveral fair Structures, brave Walks, a large Jefuits Cloyfter,
anda Church.
The {weet Water and pleafant Paftures invited the Hollanders
to ftay here a Night.
The next Morning marching forward to Terra Firma, they faw
a ftxong Fortifica-
tion newly rais‘d,but without People,and heard the Enemy’s Sentinels fire
; where-
upon Arci/feusky appointing part ofthe Army to follow ata diftance,
march’d be-
fore wich the reft, and being fir'd upon from an Ambulcade by Camaron’s
Party, he
order’d Captain Talibon to prefs in upon the Ambufcade; but becawfe
it was pets
form’d in great diforder, he fellin himfelf on the right-hand of
the Enemy, whileft
Lichthart’s{econd Divifion ftood ftill ; which fo affrighted the Enemy, that
without
making the leaft refiftance he fled into the Woods, leaving
many dead behind him.
The next day Captain Bobart’s Party tracking the flying Enemy, fell
in amongft
them, and gave them a total. Rout. : )
Arciffensky refolv'd to ftay fome time in Terra Firma to wait for Camaron, but
he
not appearing, he laid wafte the Countrey thereabouts.
Rebellino and Lewis de Sofa falling upon the Councellor Eyffens, Governor of Pas Exffens: flain
rayba; routed him, and fet fire on the Sugat-Mills belongingtoEmanuel Pirez, which in-a great
Fight with
forc’d them with their Swords in their Hands to break through Flame and Rebellino,
Smoak
upon the Enemy, who kill’d nine of them upon the Spot (amongft whom Bj//ens
and his Secretary) the reft being either taken or fled.
Immediately after Arciffeusky being inform’d by two Prifoners, that the Spanifh
Forces Commanded by Sofa, Dias, and Rebellino, were all joyn’d together
in the
Wood Antonio, where Camaron was alfo expected, he march’d away prefently with
half his Army, and as foon as the Captains Mettine and Tourlon, whom he com:
manded to follow him the next day, were come uptohim, he fell upon the Ene-
my, who lay ona Hill, at whofe Foot was a deep Valley, through which he climb’d
tothe top; which valorous Attempt fo amaz’d the Spaniards, that without firing a
Rebelline put
Gun they fled into the Wood: After which Metting and Tourlon went back to Lau- to flight by
Arciffensky,
renzo ; and Arciffensky deftroy’d the Roffas, of which the Farinha is made, that fo by
{carcity of Provifions he might prevent the Enemy from fo often joyning together
in Parties: Inthe mean time ten Ships from Holand arriv’d with freth Forces, Ams
munition, Provifions, and two taken Prizes, at Recif fa.
Houte-been being releas’d from his Imprifonment in Dunkirk, fet Sail from Hol- Several Pri-
land with three Ships, and took ten [ron Guns out of one Ship, and feveral Pipes of zes taken b
Hoxte-heen
Wine out of another before Matanca ; after thata Tartan from Havana, two Frigats after his Res
leafement.
with Meal, one full of Wood with two Guns, two Barques carrying Bananas, a rich
laden Pink, two Ships with Hides, and one with Sugar. Near the Ifland Baru he
heard feveral great Guns fhoot off,whereupon making thither, he found the Zealand
Privateer Martman Engag’d with a Ketch carrying ten Brafs and fix Iron Guns,
which was tun afhore ; whereupon Houte-been went to his affiftance with a well
Mann’d Boat ; which the Spaniards feeing, {et fire on their Ketch and fled ; but the
Flame having onely hurt the Stern, fifty Men were order’d to get her afloat, who
having begun to unlade the Tobacco, and to take out the Brafs.Guns, the Gun-
Room took fire, and blew up both Men and Goods; of which twenty four being An unlucky
fadly hure, dy’d, the reft efeaping miraculonfly. Not long after Houte-been took Accident,

a Ship with Hides, fraighted the Alcmaer Pink with his.Prizes for the Texel, ran
clofe by Carthagena,and kept a confiderable time in fight of the Plate-Fleet, of which
he carry’d one of the heavieft Sailers away with him ; Being thus enrich’d, he re.
turn’d home. |
? Whilef
 seo e AMERICK ‘Chap. VIL.
Grave Man-
rice fer by
While Bufineffes were carry’d on after this manner both by Land and Sea in
the Cnited Brafile, the We/t-India Company refolv’dto fend fome Perfon of Quality thither as
Prefident or fupream Governor ; and after no long Confultation who fhould be
States to Go-
vern Brajiile,

the Perfon,Grave Maurice of Naffaw was pitch’d upon,as being not only eminent for
his Noble Alliance by Marriage to Emperors and Kings, but alfo for his excellent
skillin Martial Affairs, the proofs whereof were known to all Men, as his
marching to the Paltz againtt Spinola, his being in the great Siege of Grol, Hlertogen-
Bofch, Maeftriche, Venlo, Rhynberk, and Schenkenfchans , at all whichhe receiv’d great
Honor; all which confider’d, they made him chief Governor ofBrafile, giving him
a CommilGion Sign’d by the States of che United Netherlands and Weft-India Company,
to Govern with abfolute Power, as well in Civil as Martial Affairs, to the beft ad.
vantage of that State. At firft they refolv’d to fend a Fleet of thirty two Sail thi-
ther, but they afterwards reduc’d that number to twelve, which they Mann’d with
two Wowhead feven hundred Men. Grave Maurice fet Sail on the twenty fifth of
Oétober 1636. onely with four Sail, whereof the Admiral Ship call’d The Zatfen,
carry’d but three hundred and fifty Men : about the Sorlings they met with blufter-
ing Weather, infomuch that the Fleet was forc’d to put in at Falmouth, and after
forty days ftay there, weigh’d Anchor, and Steer’d for (ape Verd, and refreth’d at
the Ifle of May, Pastis for Salt-pans, and inhabited by a few Negro’$, and ba-
nifh’d Portugue fes.
Beis joyfully On the twenty third of Fanuary 1637. Grave Maurice arriving at Reciffa, was by
receiv'd at
Reciffa, every one receiv’d with great joy;as alfo Adriaen vander Duffen :and foon after Mat-
_ thias van Ceulen, Ser vaes Carpentier, and John Gy/feling, were chofen to be of his Privy
Council; whofe firft Work was exaétly to know their Forces, which were either
inhabitants that were to guard Towns and Fortrefles, or Soldiers that march’d ins
to the Field, two thoufand fix hundred whereof were appointed to defend Reciffa,
the Moiales the Promontory St, Auguftine, Tamarica, and Parayba: the greateft
Party, which layin the Field, confifted of two edevntaad nine hundred Men, and
another lefler Party of fix hundred ;which laft fying Regiment was to be continu-
ally employ'd to make work for the Enemy. They alfo took an Account of what
Provifion and Ammunition they had in ftore, and found that there was want of
both, efpecially of Match. Next he Adi yt ‘d after the sen s Condition and
Power.
“From Porto Calvo the Portuguefe made continual Sallies out’ into the Countrey,
which they fpoil’d and pillag’d, infomuch that the Brafiilians being opprefs’'d by
them, deferted their Villages, and came for refuge to the Hollanders.. The Garrifon
in Ser isha was alfo: much too weak'to withftand ‘the Incurfions of the Enemy, the
rather, becaufe the Portugnefe came along private, and to the Hollanders unknown
Ways. All which Grave Maurice confidering, caus’d a Faft-day to be proclaim’d, on
mie marches
againft the whichthey defit’d Gods affiftance in the carting on of their Defigns. After aie
Pertugueles.
he march’d with the Army to Serinhain, from thence crofs the River Una to’ Barra
Grande, and thenceto meet with Bagnola, who though he was four thoufand Men
fileng: befides Negro’s and Brafilians, had ftopt up all the Ways with fell’d Trees,
and fortifi'd others. Ona Mountain; a League from Porto Calvo, ‘Bagnola kept his
Station. At the foot of the Mountain flow’d a Brook, whofe Shore was overgrown
with Rice and young Trees, before which lay a high Bank }oppofite to which
Grave Maurice Encamp’d himfelf towards the Evening, with intentions to fall upon
him the next Morning, notwithftanding his Army confifted not of above fifteen
hundred Men,: of which there were fix hundred Brafilians. Grave Maurice’s ‘Guatd
marching before were follow’d by Schuppe and Arciffewsky, and they by Lichthart,
whole
 61
whofe Men were all Seamen , all of them firing their Guns amaz’d the Enemy,
whileft two Companies of Brajilians,and three of Hollander crept through the over:
grown part on the right-hand of the Mountain, and as many more on the left, fell
unawares upon him ; but Maurice’s Guard Engaging with athoufand Portuguefes,
ran through the Water up againft the Works with fuch undaunted Courage, tirat
Bagnola Retreated, leaving four hundred Men flain, befides three Brafs Guns, and
a great number of Prifoners ; thofe which efcap’d fled to Porto Calvo : But Bagnola
fearing to be Befieged there, left Povacon, which Caftle, built on one fide of Porto
Calvo, lies twenty five Leagues from Reciffa, on a Plain, partly furrounded with
Mountains and Paftures. The River Porto Calvo runs fo crooked, that it almoft
furrounds the Caftle and Town. The Countrey hereabouts is full of Pools. Two
Forts, each built on a Hill near Povacon, Bagnola had caus’d to be undermin’d and
fill’d up with, Gun-powder ;but they taking fire, were blown up before the
Hollanders came thither, who found them fmoaking, and lying like a heap of Rub-
bifh. Maurice marching forward, Befieg’d Povacon ;and Encamping himfelf be- Povacon ta-
low the Hill where one of the Forts had ftood, he rais’d a Redoubt, and with a zm anders,
by the

Trench approach’d the Moat. Whileft Schuppe lay along the Town from the
Church, Lichthart made a Battery to the North, and fomewhat farther Arciffeusky
another ;-then firing from four Batteries on Povacon, the Befieged anfwer’d them
again from their Walls, and on the thirteenth day the Governor Michael Giberton
furrendred the Caftle upon honorable Articles : for thofe in Garrifon being: Itali-
ans, Portuguefes, and Caftilians, to. the number of five’hundred,: befides the Wounded
and Sick, wereto be Tranfported to Tercera. Maurice entring the Caftle, took two
and twenty Brafs; and five Iton, Guns,’ four Mortarepieces, a great many Bullets,
Matches, Gun-powder, and other Ammunition, this being the King of Spain's: Ma-
gazine. | biw T. | | |
_ Neat Moribeca, and before St. Laurenzo, the Enemy receiv'da fhrew’d Repulfe by
the fying Regiment, led by Stackhower ; but Lieutenant Helmich obtain’d {pecial
Honor herein, sak atl"
Grave Maurice after thefe Exploits took Shipping in Barra Grande, at a great Inlet
neat Porto Calvo, and Landed again atthe Promontory Sergoa, from whence he put-
fu'd the Enemy to the River Francifco ;the Inhabitants about which defir’d, and ob-. -
tain'd free Conduct. Bagnola lay on the other fide of the River Francifco, in the
Town Openeda ; wherefore Schuppe, who was fent to the Afogados to be near the Enes
my, was afterwards commanded to go to Openeda to fecure Grave Maurice’s Paflage
over thither ; but he coming thither after him, Manrice crofs’d to the Shore on which
Openeda lay with Boats, and got great Booty ; and the more, becaufe the Natives
had not fecur’d any thing, Bagnola affuring them that the Caftle Povacon could ens
dure at leaft a Siege of four Moneths. - |
Openeda belong’d properly to the Lord Melchior Albes. Near the Town rofea ftonie
Rock out of the deep River Francifco, eighty Foot high; from which Rock there
jutted out like Redoubts five Points,and it was call’d Maurice (a/tle. Along the Shore
of the fore-mention’d Stream lay feveral very pleafant Ifles. Bagnola efcaping pri-
vately from hence, 'was follow’d by his Men kneeling on floating pieces of Tim-
ber, which with Sticks they Row’d over to the Northern Shore, notwithftanding
the Stream glides fo fwift, and is fo broad, that a fixepound Bullet cannot be fhot
over the fame ; at the Mouth thereof Maurice built another Caftle. A League from
his Camp feven-hundred Tapayans (a great falvage and ftrong People, whofe Lan-
guage the Portuguese, Brafilians, and Tapuyans that belong’d to Jandui, could not uns
‘derftand) had Ambufcado’d themfelves, and. with figns and motions oftheir Bodies
Fff they
 Chap. VIL
sal

they gave the Hollanders to underftand, that they would ‘kill the Portuguefeif they
offer’d to crofs the Rivers. |
Maurice advifing Prince Frederick Henrick of ‘his Tranfactions, defir’d that he
would fend over Planters thither, whether they were banifh’d Germans or Vaga-
bonds, out of their Houfes of Correction ;for without them the fruitful Countrey
of Brafile would render but a flender Account to the WefteIndia ‘Company, nor be
ableto prevent the Invafions of the Spaniards.
The fruitfulnefs of this Tract of Land was not inferior to any Countrey in the
whole World, Cattel grazing up and down in Herds of five, fix, and feven thou-
fand. Moreover, Maurice advis’d them about the {carcity of Provifions, ‘without
Grave Maw: which they were notable to maintain War.
vice begins
He alfo fetled the Traders in a'good
_ hisGoverm Order, dividing all thofe free People which bore no Offices, into four'Companies,
feosLawUnder Captains, Enfigns, and Lieutenants. The Cuftoms and Tributes were
Farm’d, Marriages were order’d to be perform’d by the Netherland Priefts, clre Jews
had leave not to Watch on their Sabbath, all manner of Debofheries were ftriatly
forbid from being aéted on the Lords-Day, and Punifhments ordain’d for Drunk-
ards and other Debofhees ; feveral Schools were alfo erected for Youth, and for
the inftruation of the Brajilians in the Chriftian Religion ; ‘and laftly, it was permic-
‘ted to any that would, to build in the ruin’d City Olinda, orel{e|to repair thofe Hou-
fes that were fall’n to ruine. :
Some of the Portuguefes fill’d Maurice his Ears with a Report of the Silver-Mines
at Coubaou, Copaon, Terra Nova, and about Cape St. Augu/tine; but he not regarding
them, plac’d Sheriffs over the Villages, and Overfeers over the Alms-houfes and
Hofpitals, iffuing out Orders alfo for the delivering of the-Provifions, which be-
ing very {carce, every Man hada certain Allowance, that foit might laftthe longer;
but when in this Diftribution the meaner fort’ began to be fcanted, the Peoples
Complaints were fuch, that an Infurreétion was like to enfie, if not carefully and
{peedily prevented: whereupon the decay’d and deferted Sugar-Mills of the Porta-
guefes were put to Sale, and fold fome for three, others for fix and feven thouland
Pound,
=
 “|

AMERICA. 553

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Pound, infomuch that the We/t-India Company got above 2000001. for them all.
Soon after they fortifi'd their Caftles and other. ftrong Holds, and broke down
thofe that were judg’d ufelefs. The Brafilians obtain’d liberty alfo to inhabit their
Villages and till their Land, that they might make Provifion for themfelves, and
not opprefsthe Planters that liv’d near them. The Portugue/e that had fubmit-
ted themfelvestothe Government.of the Hlollande®s, had free leave granted them
to exercife the Roman-Catholick Religion, onely they were not to fend for any
Priefts from St. Salvador, which if they did, they fhould be dealt with as Plot.
ters of Murders and Treafons; they had liberty alfo to resbuild their Houfes
in Olinda, paying Tribute with the:Hollanders : Moreover, they were promis’d that
they fhould live free from all Oppreffions of the Hollanders. Thete was alfo order
taken about paying the tenth part of the Sugar and Farinha. The Income alfo of
Fifhing and Fowling, amounted to a confiderable fum of Money. And to prevent
deceit in Trade, Meafures and Weights were made according to thofe of Am/erdam.
For the Converting of Pagans, Jews, and Roman Catholicks, able Teachers were fent
into the Countrey to promulgate the Gofpel. |
About this time there went a Report, as if the We/t-India Company were in-
clin’d to remove their Seat from Reciffa to the Ifland Tamarica, but Maurice advie
fing them that it would not be fo convenient for them, they chang’d their Refoe
lution. as
Whileft Lichthart Cruis’d a confiderable time before the Haven Todos los Sanéfos, Ifleos taken
by Lichthart.
he Crain’d his Ship in the Bay of Camaniu,took the Town I/leos,with a hundred and
fifty Mea. Inthe Town, which is built on a Promontory, he took but little Booty,
and fav’d the Houfes, which were built moft of Stone, as alfo the four Churches
and Fefuits Cloyfter, and recurn’d co Reciffa,
Abouc thistime the invincible Caftle Mina, afterwards call’d St. Joris, was taken
by the Hollanders, upon the Advice of Nicholas van Yperen, Commander of Guinee,
who fent word to Grave Maurice, that the faid Caftle might eafily be conquer’d, if
any Forces could be fent him from Reciff¢ : Whereupon Maurice immediately fent
Fff 2 John
 , F |
564, AMERICA Chap. VII.
fent Jobn Coin thither with nine Ships, which fet Sail onthe twenty fifth of June;
Anno 1637. who in the Road Commendo joining with Yperen,foon after he was fetdown
before it, and was preparing to Storm, had it furrendred to him upon Terms no
lefs advantageous to the Hfllanders, than difhonorable to the Befieged, yet not
without the lofs of many Men, for in their March thither they were fiercely fet
upon by the Negro’s inhabiting the Village near the Caftle ; in which Confli& Co.
ColonelZa-Lonel Latan amongft others was flain. The Fort might very well have endur’d a
"longer Siege, it being furrounded with double Moats, each twenty five Foot deep,
and high Bulwarks, which could not be undermin’d becaufe of the Rocky Ground.
on which they were built ;and to make it yet more ftronger, Coimafter he had taken
it rais'd a Fort on the Hill,from whence he had fir’'d onthe Caftle,in whichhe found
thirty Brafs DemieCulverins; and leaving Walraeven Malburg as Governor, he re-
turn’d ‘to Reciffa. | :
During thefe Proceedings of the Dutch in Guinee, the Duke of Bagnola ranfack’d
the Countrey about Seregippa del Rey; Maurice not able to go himfelf, having had a
Feaver three Moneths, fent Schuppe and Gy/eling with two thoufand three hundred
Soldiers, four hundred Brafilians, and two hundred and fifty Seamen, whileft Lich-
thart Steer’d to Todos los Santtos, that fo he might draw the Enemy downto the Sea-
Coatt. Bagnola flying to Terra Gracia d’ Avila, Schuppe demolith’d the Town Sere-
gippa, the Sugar-Mills, and all manner of Fruit-Trees, and march’d with incredible
{peed to the Stream Francifco; where Encamping on the Southern Shore, he drove
three thoufand Head of Cattel before him, that fo he might ftarve the Enemy.
The Brefli~
ans offer their
In the interim the Brafilians in Siara defir’d Aid againft the Portuguefe, offering,
aflitance toThat if the Hollanders could conquer the Fort there, they would foon deftroy all
the taking the che Portuguefe ; that the Charges of the Siege might eafily be made good, the Coun-
Fort Siara.
trey producing abundance of Amber-greece, Cryftal, Cotton, Pearls, Salt, and
other Merchandife. In confirmation of this their Refolution, the Brafilians left two —
eminent Perfons Children of Stara in Reciffa: Whereupon George Garftman being
fent thither, wasno fooner Landed, but he madehis Arrival known to the Brafilian
Governor Algodoi ; who came to meet him with two hundred Men, bearing white
Flags in token of Peace : Thus affifted, he fet upon Siara, which is a {quare Fort,
built at the foot of a Hill, hath within its Walls fix Houfes, two Redoubts full of
Port-holes, one on the North, and the other on the South, jutting half way out
from the Wall ; as alfo two Gates, fecur’d with large Portcullifes > without the Fort
appears the Governor’s Houfe, about which were feveral Huts for Portugue/es.
This Lordfhip, already f{poken of, is reckon’d amongft the Northern parts of
Brafile, and hath onely twelve Leaguesin circumference. The Haven before the
Caftle, which the River Hiacw makes, is of little confequence: The Ground in
fome places rifes with high Mountains, in others, efpecially on one fide, itis over-
grown with Wood : hathalfo feveral brave Paftures, efpecially along the River.
TheForetas Garftman approaching the Caftle Siara, found little refiftance, fo that he took it
man. with {mall expence of Blood, moft of the Portugue/e being taken Prifoners, a few
onely efcaping by flighr. | | | | |
After this Grave Maurice took great care of the Civil Affairs, building a Guild.
Hall at his own Coft and Charge ; fent all manner of Minerals, digg’d out of the
—Brafilian Mines, to the Netherlands ;laid great Penalties on thofe that ftole the Cu-
ftom of Goods, and punifh’d with Death Murders, Robberies, and fuch like Capital
Offences, befides feveral wholfom Laws relating both to the Civil and Ecclefia-
ftical Government ; and as foon as he was:recover’d from his tedious Sicknels,
he march’d up into the Countrey to the Rivers Grande and Parayba, to take care to
furnilh
 Chap. VIL. AMERICA 565
furnifh the Forts with Provifion and Ammunition, Neat the Caftle Ceulen he was
teceiv’d by the Tapuyan Agents, and. Prefented by them with Bowes, Arrows, and
brave Oftrich Feathers, us’d by them when they goto the Wars: in retura for
which they receiv’d Linnen Shirts, Knives, Shells, Bugles, Fifhhooks, and Nails.
Maurice caus’d a deeper and- wider Moat to be digg’d about the decay’d Caftle (Cabo
Dello, rais'd the Works, and call’d it by the Name of his Sifter Margareta; he alfo
pull’d down the Fort Autonio, keeping onely a Tower to defend the High-way. Re-
jtringa was likewife ftrengthned with Pallifado’s, and the Cloyfter near the Town
Parayba fortifi'd againft an Affault, and Elias Harkmans made Governor of the fame.
Whileft thefe things were tranfaéted on the Land, Captain Schuppe at Sea Enga-
ging alone between Todos los Sanétos and Terre Garcie d’ Avila with three Spanifh Ships,
drove one of them aground, and brought another away with him to Reciffa. The
Lettérs found in the taken Veffel made mention, that in the River of Lisbon lay ten
Galleys, and twenty more before Cales, to which were to joyn'thirty Pinks, which
Fleet fome fuppos’d was coming for Brajile ; others, that it was onely a Plot of the
King of Spain to get Money from his Subjects, according to the, Cuftom of f{everal
other Princes. | | 7
Hereupon Maurice wrote to the West-India Company, that they would Rig outa
Fleet with all poffible {peéd, which might fall upon the fore-mention’d Spanifh Fleet,
and fetch thofe Sugars which lay ready in Brafile to be Laden.
About the fame time a Party of the Portugnefes crofling the River Francifco, came
to the Stream Miguel, whither Picard marching, put them allto flight. |
Grave Maurice having a Defign on St. Salvador, the Portuguefe Metropolis in Bra- Grave Mau-
file, formerly taken by Peter Hein and Jacob Willekens, and not long \after loft by the rice fets forth
with a Fleet
fainteheartednefs of William Schouten and Hans Kyf, though in all likelihood not taking of for the re-

{trong enough to undertake fo weighty a Defign, yet confidering if he fhould flay St. Salvador.
longer, the Seafon would not permit him, therefore he went aboard, hoping that
he fhould receive fome Aid from the Netherlands ; his Army confifted of three thou-
fand four hundred Netherlanders, and a thoufand Brajilians. He had the greater hopes
of Victory, becaufe he receiv’d information from St. Salvador, that the Soldiers in
Garrifon there mutiny’d for want of Pay, and that the Governor and Duke of Bag-
nola were at difference concerning thé management of the War.. But before he fet
Sail he had fecur’d all Places againft any Invafion, and got ready twenty two Sail,
furnifh’d with Ammunition and Provifion, with which on the eighteenth of Aue
guft Anno 1638. he weigh’d Anchor; and met with fix Ships at Sea, which he took,
and arriv’d on the fixth day following before the Mouth of the Inlet Todos losSanétos,
which he could not enter by reafon of contrary Winds, but Cruis’d up and down
before the River Vermelho and the Ifle Tapoam; whereupon the Governor of St. Sal-
vador and Bagnola drew the Portugue/e Forces down thither to prevent his Landing :
About Noon the Wind coming about fair for the Hollanders, brought. Maurice
within Shot of the Ships, Forts, Walls and Batteries of the City St. Salvador, fo
that he thundred with his Cannon againft them, and Landed ona Promontory
near the Sconce Bartholomew,without the leaft refiftance, in a convenient place about
a League and a half from the City ; where Encamping himfelf, he was inform’d by
the Prifoners which he had taken, that about half a League farther was a narrow
Bank, border’d with Morafles, fothat none could. pafs along the fame but at Lows
water, and then onely: at acertain time. Tourlon. being {ent before with three
hundred Mufquetteers to difcover the Place,. found the Way not onely as the Pxi-
foners had inform’d; but alfo fortif'd by the Enemy ; againft whom. Maurice drew
out his Men, ordering Captain John vander Mat in the mean time to run with “en
| FFF 3 Sai
 566 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
of it. Ha-
Sail dire&tly upon the City, and to drop his Anchors juft without fhoe
the Paths, Hedges
ving beaten the Enemy from his Works, he broke through all
orks of the
and Banks, till at laft he came and Intrench’d himfelf near the Out-w
el
City, by which his Army was fecur’d from any Affaults from the Seaside. Colon
fortifi'd
Brand alfo with little trouble took the Fort Philippo, built on the Shore, and
with five Guns. The next day Maurice Storming the Caftle Pbilippo, foon became
thirteen Brafs Demi-
Mafter of it, notwithftanding it was well Garrifon’d, and had
to their
Culverins. The taking of this Caftle afforded the Befiegers a free Paflage
night and day
Fleet. They alfo rais'd two Batteries, from oneof whichthey fhot
,
with feven great Guns, and from the other with the like number of Field-pieces
take a
on the Caftle Rofario, which the Portuguefe forfook , but going about to
Horn-work on the top of the (armelites Cloyfter, he loft many Men in the Attempt,
and amongft the reft the Captains Howin, Bchbrecht, Boward, Hollinger, and the En-
what with
crave Maw Gineer Berchem ; and in the end, after many bold and refolute Attaques,
s
levee the ftrength of the Place, both for number of Defendants, and well fortifi’dnef
ofSYhereof, and what with the want of his expected Supplies, and laftly the ficklinefs
sige
of his Army, by reafon of the extraordinary Rains that fell, to the lofs of many
Officers of note as well as common Soldiers, befides what were flain by the Enemy,
he madeas honorable a Retreat ashe could, fo that this Expedition provd altoge-
ther unfuccefsful. | |
ng
Mean while the Provincial States of Holland and Zealand differ’d about allowi
of a free Trade to Brafile, and fending of Colonies thither : Whereupon Grave
Maurice writing to them his Opinion, demonftrated with good Reafons, that a
free Trade, and frefh Colonies, would be much to the Companies advantage;
which was approv’d of by the States of the United Netherlands and Weft-India Com-
pany, who onely engrofs’d the Trade of Negro’s and Brafile Wood ; and on the Im
ported and Exported Goods they puta certain Cuftom. i
The Weft-India Company confidering what Treafure Peter Hein had brought
from Matanca to Holland, they refolv’d to venture another Expedition thither; and
to that purpofe fet out fourteen Sail under the Command of Cornelis Houte-been, who
weigh’d Anchor out of the Texel on the fourteenth of Augu/t Anno 1638. and are
tiv’d fafe at Reciffa ; where Houte-been having fpent fome days in Confulting with
’ Grave Maurice, went aboard again, and at his entring into the Ship, bruis’d his Leg
between the Boat and the fides thereof, which fome fuperftitious Perfons look’d
upon as very ominous; but this Wound was not fo great as to keep him back
from whatfoever Service came in his way : for difcovering the Spanifh Fleet from
Terra Firmanear Cuba, before the Rocky Ile Organes, which confifted of eight great
Hutetey Catlions, and fix leffer Ships, whofe Lading was valu’d at two hundred Tun of
ae en Gold, and Commanded by Carel Dievaro, he clapt the Admiral aboard, threw ia
~ his Grapling-Irons, and made him felf faft, witha Refolution either to take him er
die, while the Dutch Vice-Admiral Abraham Michaelzoon Roofendael boarded the Spa-
nifh Vice-Admiral, and the Rere-Admiral John vander Mast the Enemy’s Rere-
Admiral ; and doubtlefs, had not the Vice-Admiral and RereésAdmiral been flain,
together with Verdoof, Captain of the Orange-Tree, and other eminent Officers, and
thofe that furviv’d fail’d in their Duty to him for want of Courage, he had given
them a fignal Overthrow , but whileft with much ado he had prevail’d with his
Captains to renew the Combat (having been forc’d by the coming on of the Spa-
nifh Vice and ReresAdmirals to quit hishold) and was preparing for a fecond Ons
fet, the Sea began to be rough, and the Enemy was gotten to the Windward. Some
few days after being inform’d, that the Spanifh Fleet lay before the Flats of Cube
and
Chap. VII. AMERICA, 567
and the Rocky Organes, Steer’d thither, refolving to venture once more; but when
he came there, the Spaniards were gone; whereupon he fent fome of his Ships to
Brafile, others to Cruife before Cuba, whileft he himfelf went for the Netherlands.
Whileft this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately, Cameron, General of the Brafi-
lians, fent three Agents to Grave Maurice, defiting to enter into League with the We/t-
India Company, upon fome Differences that were rifen between him and the Duke
of Bagnola, Grave Maurice {eeming much inclin’d to his Offer, treated the. Agents
very nobly ; who not long after, oblig’d by his Civility, inform’d him, that (ame:
yon, an incon{tant Man, had made Peace again with Bagnola, But that which chiefly
obftructed Grave Maurice’s Defigns, was the want of Proyifions, Ammunition and
Men, notwithftanding his continual Complaints to the Company.
About the beginning of the Year 163.9. the Spanifh Fleet, confifting of twenty
eight Sail, moft of them Gallions, appear'd in fight of Reciffa, but Steer’d Souths
wardly ; Grave Maurice hereupon fent out the beft Sailers to follow them, and fee
whither they were bound, or if they intended to Land, whileft himfelf march’d
along to Porto Calvo ; but inform’d that they were gone into the Inlet Todos los San»
os, he return’d to Reciffa, after he had ftor’d the Forts Porto Calvo, Una, Serinhain,
and that at the Promontory St. Augu/tine; with all Neceflaries.
About the fame time Arciffeusky arriving from Holland with a Commiffion to be anciffimy
General over the Forces there, imparted to fome Friends the Copy of a Letter thag lmpssts
he intended to fend tothe Amfterdam Burgomafter Albert Coenraedfxoon vander Burgh, vs 34 ™
Grave Adau-

containing many Accufations againft Grave Maurice and his Council ; of which he
being inform’d, call’d a general Aflembly,to whom he makes a large Speech,wherein
he declar’d how faithful a Servanthe had been to the States of the United Netherlands’
for the {pace of twenty years, complain’d of the malice of Arciffeusky in wrongfully
afperfing him, both in theaforefaid Letter and otherwife, anfwer'd particularly to
every thing which was laid to his Charge, (as he did afterwards ina Letter alfo
from himfelf to Vander Burgh) and laftly made it his peremptory Requeft, that he
might return home, and leave Arciffeusky in Power, or that Arciffeushy might be fent
home, and he remain undifturb'd in his Government ,and fo withdrew, leaving
them to their own Confultations, It exceedingly perplex'd them, and took up a
long Debate what Judgment te give in this Matter, which before they concluded
on, they propos’d feveral Expedients of Reconciliation between them ; but feein
it was all in vain, they unanimoufly judg’d it convenient, that Arciffeusky fhould aid
retutn ; who not long after accordingly weigh’d Anchor from Parayba for Holland.
Arciffeusky arriving in’ Holland, appear’d unexpeétedly before the States of the
United Netherlands and Weft-India Company, where feveral Judgments were pals'd sever Judge
upon him ; fome faid he deferv’d fevere punifhment, for his misbehavior to Grave iaeld
rw
Maurice ,others {eem’dtohave compaifion of him, becaufe he had done fo many
noble Exploits; moft laid the blame on the Company, who rafhly fent him
with a Commifiion as Chief over the Militia, not without impairing Grave Maurice’s
Power ; but thefe Difcourfes fell amongft thofe who were not call’d to give their
Opinion of this Cafe.
John Coin was chofen Field-Marfhal in Arciffeusky’s ead, whileft the Councellors fieu-vnr-
Matthias Cewlen, Adrian vander Duffen, fobn Guifeling, and Servaes Carpentier, were ready Gain
to. come for Holland, and on the twenty ninth of Oétober 1639. they fet Sail from
Parayla, Vander Duffen bringing with him an exaé Relation of the Condition of
Brafile, fo faras concerns the We/t-India Company, which being material, we fhall
referve it for a more fit place.
It being fear’d that. che Spanijh Fleet in the Harbor of Todos los Sanétos might
undertake
 AMER TOM Chap. VII.
undertake fomé Defign or other againft the Hollanders, Grave Maurice kept a watchs
ful Eye upon them, repair’d all decay’ d Forts, rais'd new Forces, fent ont fome
Veflels to watch the Fleet, and prohibited the Tran{portinig of Provifions, anima.
ted the Brafilian Bs tc i dag to fight againft the Portuguefe, and forc’d the: Owners
of Sugar-Mills to Plant ftore of Mandiboka, that fo his eatnwe might laft the
longer.
A Party of the Enemy, confifting oftek twelve siadbedl Men, having eu?d
the River Franci/co, was foon after oppos’d by Colonel Donker.
A Spanifb The Spanifh Fleet having lay’n a whole Year before St, Salvador (becaufe they had
pecs Jott near three thoufand Men, who on the Coaft of Africa dy’d of feveral Diftem-
wae pers, and therefore, waited daea frefh Supply) fet Sail on the ninteenth of November
Anno 1639. with eighty feven Sail, carrying fixteen thoufand Men, of which thirty
feven were great Gallions. Puidinded Mafcarenbas, Duke of Torre, being chief Ad-
miral, carry’d the Flag and fixty Brafs Guns in the Ship Domingo, the Portuguefe
Adrwival: Roderigo Lobo, carry’d fifty two Guns inthe Gallion Bernardo; of all
which, withthe number of the Enemy’s Forces, Grave Maurice was inform’d bya
Letter taken out of a Pink laden with Sugar ; and alfo that the Spaniards were in
great hopes of the Portuguefe deferting the We/t-India Company, with whom they
were forc’d to joyn.; that this great Fleet was order’d to Cruife two years before the
Coat of Brafile, and to Land divers Men under the Command of Bagnola, Francifco
dle Moro, Antonio Roderiga, Nunno de Mello, Jacob 'Pirezio, Francifco Pezam, and Lopes Bara.
balio ; all which made Maurice write continually for Aid, “ Which the We/t-India
*‘ Company muft fend {peedily, unlefs they were refolv’d to lofe what they had
“€ gotten in Brafile, as alfo the People, who had hitherto defended the fame with the
“¢ lofs of their Lives and Fortunes.
A Negro that ferv'd a Spanifh Captain, call’d Henvick Dias, being taken, inform’d
the Hollanders, That the Spanijh Fleet was much weakned by a poyfonous Air on the
Coaft of Africa; and that they had left a confiderable number of their Men in the:
Hofpital at St. Salvador ;that the Admiral was refolv’d with divided Forces to
burn all Places he ah at, and to receive the Negro’s, Mamolucks, Mulatto’s, and Bra-
filians, under his JurifdiGion. But Grave Maurice gave little. credit to this Relation,
becaufe the Spaniard doubted not in the leaft, but chat he fhould take Brafiile from the
Netherlanders with his fore-mention’d Forces, why then fhould he ruine what he
hop’d to poffefs ?,None knew whither the Spanifh Fleet intended to go; for fetting
Sail under the Command of Antonio Oquendo, under pretence of falling upon the
Netherlands, they Steer’d their Courfe to Brafile, and at laft from the Inlet Todos. los
Sanétos to Goyana ; but four days before they weigh’d Anchor, William (ornelifxoon
Loos, who had fome.time been Cruifing before the faid Inlet, came back to Reciffa
with thirteen Sail of Ships, which wanted all manner of Neceffaries.
The Weft-India Company had now been in a mean Condition, had there not
happily arriv’d firft eight, next two, and at laft nine Ships from the Texel, the Maes,
and Zealand, with Provifions, anda Supply of Men ; which Maurice had no fooner
taken out, and unladen the Ships, but he fitted them for an Engagement, and made
up the number of forty one Sail, who yet were not to: be compar’d to the Spaniards,
whofe {malleft Veffels carry’d more Men and Guns than the biggeft of the Hollan-
devs, which in all had but two thoufand one hundred and ninety fix Men, and one
comlfeco".
Loos with his Ship with another under twenty Iron Guns: With this {mall Power the Admiral
fraonce William (ornelifzxoon Loos went to meet.the Enemy, and before the River Michael took
rest’Spange FOUL Spanifh Ships, which carry’d Ammunition and Provifions for the Army,
tke which Lopes Barbalio commanded afhore. On the twelfth of January, Anno 1640.
he
 Chap. VII. AMERICA. ‘ 569
he defcry’d the Spanifh Fleet between Itamaraca and Goyana;not fat from which Maf-
carenbas thought co Land feven thoufand Men at Paomorello, and they were already
gotten into little Veflels when the Hollanders Fleet. made towards them, and about
three a Ciock in the Afternoon began a bloody Engagement for four hours, in
which Loos Engaging with the Spanifo Admiral and four Gallions, was kill’d in the Admiral zo
middle of the Fight, which ended in the Evening. jacob Huigens.carrying the Flag
the next day in fight of the Promontory Blanco, chearing up his Men, went to re- Hnigens
cha-
new the Fight with Mafcarenbas, and with a few {mall Ships Engag’d feveral great wifFeet.
ones, of which they had an advantage onely in their nimble turning and wind-
ing- In this Engagement Auigens loft the Ship call’d The Sun, which funk with
Colonel Mortimer and forty four Men, thirty four being fav’d in the Boat. The
Fibllanders Lofs was the lefs, becaufe the Spanifh great Gallions fir’d over Hluigens’s
Ships, which fir'd in the midft of the Spaniards Veflels. Fluigens not being tir’d
with two days Engagements, fell upon them a third time before Parayba, and firing,
at the Spanifh and Portuguefe Admirals, purfu’d their Fleet to the Northermoft Coaft
of Brafile, where by a ftrong Current they were driven Wefterly ; and the Swan,
Commanded by Facob Alderick, ‘lofing her Main-maft, was cut off from the Fleet
by twelve Gallions ; and three hundred Spaniards were already Mafters of the Deck,
when Alderick breaking from the Enemy, drove towards the Shote, and either kill’d :
iant Exploit
the Spaniards that were in his Ship, or forc’d them to leap overboard, whileft ito.
nio Cunha de Andrada, not knowing that Alderick was aground, making upto him,
ran alfo aground, which occafion’d a new Fight, and at laft Andrada was made to
furrender his Gallion, and with it three thoufand Pound of ‘coin’d and uncoin’d
Silver, befides other rich Goods, and two hundred and thirty Men, who were all
fent Prifoners to Reciffa.
January the feventeenth Hiwigens ventur’d a fourth Engagement between Rio
Grande and Conyaon, where approaching the Spanifh Fleet, a fudden Calm prevented
him from coming within fhot of them, till againft the Evening the Wind began to
rife, butthe Night approaching, it was not judg’d worth whileto Engage for fo few
hours, therefore they referr’d the bloody work till the next day ; when about Day-
break Huigens ran through the midft of the Enemy's Fleet, and fir’d fo fiercely on T Spenit
Fleet again
Mafcarenhas, that he Tacking about, ftood away right before the Wind, and not be. ptt
by Huigens,
ing able to get beyond the Shelves Baxios de Rochas, nor to get Water on the Coaft,
becaufe the Hollanders Ketches guarded the fame, he Sail’d into the Offin towards
the Line with a South-Eaft Wind. After which Huigens lay eight days.before Rio
Grande vo refreth and reft-himfelf, and on the firft of February he arriv’d at Reciffa,
where Maurice caus’d a Thank{giving Day to be kept for this wonderful Victory,
whileftthe Enemy was exceedingly abafh’d. |
Several Difadvantages occurr’d towards the overthrow of the Spanifh Fleet. for
firft it was much weakned by the Difeafe which rag’d ‘in the fame on the Coaft of
Africa, infomuch that it lay ftill a whole year in Todos los Sanétos to gather frefh For-
ces, whileft Maurice put himfelf in a pofture of Defence : Secondly, they lay be-
calm’d, and met-with contrary Winds for feveral Moneths, whenas the Voyage bee
tween St. Salvador and Pernambuco is commonly not above twelve days, which tedi-
ous Paflage occafion’d alfo a Diftemper and faint-heartednefs amongft the Spaniards,
_ Wwhileft divers Ships arriv’d at Reciffa from the Netherlands, without which it had
been impoffible to have Engag’d with the Enemy, in regard till chen all manner
of Ammunition and Provifions were wanting. Hiuigens alfo had continually the
advantage or benefit of the Wind, and loft in the Engagement but two Ships, a
hundred and twenty four Men, befides twelve wounded: Moreover, but eee
P ; Ships
 570 | AMERICA —°~ Chap. VIE.
Ships onely of the Dutch Engag’d with this great Spanifh Fleet, the reft never coming
Peter Facob,
-within fhot; wherefore the two Commanders, John Coopman Ryk, and
had their
evere condemn’d to be Beheaded; Cornelis Fohn/zoon and Peter Dirkfzoon
Swords broke over their Heads by the common Hangman ; Cornelis. Lucifer, Dirk
great Fines ::
Eger, and Jacob Clavor, were banifh’d , and others came off by paying
but the Spani/h Fleet loft in the four Engagements twenty Ships, and fome thoufands
near
of Men, the Jo/eph alone having four hundred flainin her. Laftly, anchoring
eneral
the Ifland Margareta, the Portuguefe Admiral (ofmo de Couto, and the Captain-G
to
Francifco Pimentello, falling out, the Spaniards Steer’d to Tercera, and from thence
(ales, where there Landed but few Men, moft of them dying of Hunger and Thirft
‘7 their Return home: Four Gallions,withtwo Pinks,got into the Spanifh Harbors,
the reft being either ftranded before New Spain, funk, or return’d to the Inlet Todos
los Sanéfos. |
Before the foremention’d Fleet weigh’d Anchor from St. Salvador, two thoufand
Portuguefes, befides Tapuyans and other Brajilians, match’d «under the Command
of Cameron, Vidal, and Barbalio, with divided Forces into the Countrey, partly to
get Provifion, and partly to do what mifchief they-could to the Hollanders, far
and near : their Orders were to joymin the Village St. Laurence, {even Leagues ‘be-
yond Paomarello, that there they might make way for the Seamento Land, if the
and to joyn
Netherland Forces fhould chance to guard the Sea-Coaft thereabouts,
with them as foon as they were Landed. But Grave Maurice encourag’d by his late
Vigtory at Sea, immediately fent the Field-Marfhal Coin againft Cameron, who
the
diviidng his Army into fmall Companies ,. had diftributed them through
Conoren's Woods ; in which Coin follow’d his Example, and with divided Forces purfu'd
apa Cameron's Army, and overtook his Captain Tak and two hundred Men at Poyuca,
bycan.” (whereof Lopes Barbalio was Governor) who fled, notwithftanding he Commanded
fix hundred Men.) Soomafter which the Mufter-mafter Man/veld met him near the
Village Se. Laurence, Engag’d him, and putting him to flight, found feveral Papers
Pongufs of Concern that he had left behind, and amongft.others a Letter, in which Barbalio
Netber- Was commanded to {pare neither Brafilians nor Netherlanders alive, but to kill all,
—
=—
—

the
oo
-—
———

ver'd, without regard either to their Age or Quality, except the Portugue/e. Moreover,
ime
Andries Vidal urg’d the Owners of the Sugar-Mills in the Netherlanders Brafile,
mediately to take up Arms, to regain their ancient Freedomyas foon.as Mafcarenhas
>

appeat’d' with the Spanifo Fleet on the Coaft of Brafile: Thus Vidal, by Letters and
AES
©~—
-

=a }

———
= private Conferences, prevail’d fo much, that moft of the Portuguefe were ready
againft their Oaths to root out the Netherlanders : The fign when they fhould be
ready, was the burning of fome Sugar-Mills, Vidal imagining thereby to have
drawn the Netherlanders from the Sea-fide, and fo made the Sea-Coaft free for the
"—P9
+=-
—
==
— -r

Spaniards to Land fecurely in. But the Garrifon under Coin along the Sea-fhore
a
ee
“- “~———e
pe

es
near Alexis, not ignorant of the Enemy’s Plot, kept their Stations, and fuf-
fer’d the Mills to burn. The like did Craey at the Promontory of St. Augu/tine,
th
ee
-

in.
=~

Picard at Paomarello, Captain Day at Cantolaria, and Donker on, Gayana ; Hoog ftraet kept
Guard up in the Countrey ; Toulon alfo fent out by Maurice againit Francifco Sofa
vv
aa
ae
——
es
—<—
<9—

and Henrick Dias, who hadpillag’d all the Countrey about the River Conajou, fell
—
-. +.

upon them in fuch a manner, that he deftroy’d eighty feven of them, and wounded
|
a confiderable number more of them, made the reft flieto St. Salvador.
Two Moneths before the Spanifh Fleet fet Sail from Todos los Sanctos, three thou-
fand Tapuyans came to Rio Grande with their Wives and Children, from an unknown
Countrey remote from the Sea. Grave Maurice requefted their King Jobn de Wy, that
he would pleafe to keep Watch along the Sea-Coaft, and prevent the Landing of
Lig? P = the
Chap. VII. AwMERICA a
the Spanifh Seamen :Whereupon De Wy fent his Son to the Caftle Ceuler, making
folemn Proteftations, that he was ready to lofe his Life and Fortune for the Nether»
landers, in helping them to drive the Portuguefe out of Brafile. Maurice alfo joyn’d
two thoufand Brafilians, and Colonel Garftman with fixty Netherlanders, to the Tapu-
yans, that fo he might train them up in Martial Difcipline, whileft the Tapuyaris
Wives and Children were plac’d on the Ifland Tamarica.
About the beginning of the Year 1640. Houte-been and Lichthart brought a
confiderable Fleet from the Netherlands to an Anchor at Reciffa, where a Conful-
tation was held, whither thefe Ships might be fent to do moft Service : every
one had an Eye on St. Salvador, not long fince Storm’d in vain ; but Madrice
judg’d that they had not Forces enough to undertake fo grand a Defign,but thought
it would be better to Land fome frefh Forces near Sts Salvador, that there they might
burn the Sugar-Mills, and deftroy all thingsthey could find, in revenge of what
the Enemy had done at Parayba. Whereupon Tourlon and Lichthart fet Sail with
twenty Ships, Mann’d with two thoufand five hundred Men, to the Inlet Todos los
Sanétos, where they burnt all the Portuguefe Sugar-Mills, Houfes and Villages; nei-
ther did their Swords {pare any alive but Women and Infants: TheCattel which
they found they carry’d aboard of their Ships, and burnt all other Provifions.
Inthe mean time Houte-been and Coin fell upon Porto Franco, where they ruin’d all ©
things, to no other end, but that the Enemy might call home his Forces out of the
Netherlanders Brafile, to defend the Province Todos los Sanétos. But Captain Brand Capt. Brand
going up too far into the Countrey with his Army, was fuddenly fet upon, had as. —~
hundred of his Men flain on the Spot, and was himfelf taken Prifoner, together
with many more. Alfo the Storming of the Town Spirito Santte by Coin prov'd uns Pecjerag
fuccefsful, becaufe heled an undifciplin’d Company, and wanted little Veffels to —
Land in on a fudden ; for the Enemy having had timely notice, immediately rais’d sitoSant,
a Sconce about the Town, and with five Brafs Guns fir'd ftoutly onhim, who en-
deavor'd to climb up the Hill, but was fore’d to found a Retreat, his Men failing
in their Courage ;yet at laft breaking into the Town, he fet fome of the Houfes on
fire, which being built of Stone, refifted the Flame; fo burning onely four hun-
dred and fifty Chefts of Sugar, he left fixty Men kill’d, and brought back eighty —
wounded, Lichthart in the mean time made great havock about St. Salvador.
In this Conjuncture the We/t-India Company fuffer’d much by Robberies and
Spoils committed up and down the Countrey, by the ferting their Woods of Brae
file on fire by a company of Negro’s, the chief Ring-leader of whom was one call’d shoes Sofi
Peter Vift, who from Caves and almoft inacceflible Ways came forth in the Night, fire by Peter
Vij.
and fet fire on whatfoever places he came to, notwithftanding a hundred Negro’s
of his crew were foon after caught, which heat feveral times had by force taken
out of their Mafters Sugars-Mills ; which Grave Maurice prevented as muchas. pof-
fible, by keeping Soldiers up and down in Arms. He alfo us’d the Portugue/e very
civilly, who though they promis’d Obedience, becaufe they liv’d under the Ju-
rifdiction of the We/t-India Company, yet were ready on all occafions to fhew the
contrary ; wherefore Grave Maurice {ending for the chief of them to Reciffa from
Pernambuco, Itamaraca, and Parayba, told them before the Privy Council, that
they might eafily fee how vainly they expected chat the Spanifh Crown fhould take
Brafile from the Netherlanders ; that formerly they depended on the Spanifh Fleet
Commanded by Mafcarenhas, but that being deftroy’d by a {mall Force, that hope
was loft ; therefore if henceforward they would Trade on their own Accounts,they
might be aflur’d they fhould not fuffer in the leaft, either in their Goods, Religion,
or Perfons, |
The
 572 AME R I Ch Chap. VILE.
Heberde The Neopolitan Field-Marfhal Heétor dela Calee, fettitig Sail from the Haven Todos
P.ifoner. los. Sanétos with an old Ship carrying fix hundred Men, was fore’d to run aground
in the Haven of Parayba, where he and the chief Commanders were taken Prifoners,
whileft the Common Soldiers by reafon of the {carcity of Provifions, were {et ar.
liberty. i ; i | ) ,
Houte-been and Lichthart weigh’d Anchor with twenty four Ships, carrying two
thoufand Soldiers.and feven hundred*Seameén‘to Alavana, to Cruife for the Plate-
Fleet, buc:the Spani/h Ships keeping within theit Harbors, and ‘their own being dift
pers'd and fcatter’d by ill Weather; their Voyage prov'd in vain. ents
Not long after Grave Maurice fent fome Ships under Lichtharts Command to
Cruile before the River Januarius, and others for the fame purpofe to. Angola ; but
he effected little, for heonely took two Ships, one whereof being laden with Wine,
was fold for 9400 |. Stel. | hog
The news of the Portuguefe Crowning the Duke of Bragancia, and cafting off the
Caftilian Yoke, which very much chang’d the face of Affairs in Brafile, was about this
time bronght over by the Jefuit Francifco Vilhent,and the Under-Field-Marthal Peter
Corerade Gama, who were by Bragancia fent to Sts Salvador, not onely to bring the
tidings of the Portuguefes Revolt, byt alfo to take the!Oath of Allegiance from
Montalvan to the new King, which he madeno feruple of; fo that from thence-
forth all but the’ Caftilian-and Neopolitan'Soldiets; ‘cat “off their Obedience:to the
Crown of Spain.” Whereupon Montalvan defit’d Grave'Maurice'to allow'a ‘Ceffation of
_ Arms, till fuch time as they might both receive informatio what 'Triftan
n’ Mendoza,
~ “in the new King
of Portugal’s Name, had Treated’ with the States of the United Ne-
therlands. about ; and to make the Requeft feem the fairer, {everal Dutch Prifoners
were fet at liberty, and the-Companies'with which Paalo Acunbas was marching to
Pernambuco, were:call’d back. | : piv Mr
Grave Maurice defiting ‘inohis Letters to be releas’d from ‘his Employment in
Grave aon Brafile, receiv'd for Anfwer'from the States, “ Thatit would be very difadvanta-
rice delir'd by
theStatesand €¢ geous forthe States forhim toome home, now he throughly
@/teIndia ; ‘ underftood
iat gt the In-
Company. to fFcreagues of the New World, in Which he might do much good, efpecially fince the
continue in
his Govern £6 Poytuguefe being revolted, would iiall probability affift. them in deftroying the
fin King of (<aftile’s’ Forces, therefore it-wnow
asthe moft proper time to prepare
** for Action,| af Palys Hier SAfe ai :
To this Requeft of the States was added that’ of ‘theWeft-Tidia Company, who
alfo fent earneft Letters to the fame purpofe,, which made ‘Maurice defer his Re-
turn, and prepare himfelf for fome grand Undertaking : And firft he joyn’d the
Province ofSeregippe Del Rey to the Netherland Brafile, built'a Fort and Armory ia
the fame, and buils a Wall about the Town ; which Work was the more follow’d,
“ becaufe Seregippe, which border’d upon the Province of Todos los Sanétos, fed abun-
dance of Cattel, and gave great hopes. of Silver-Mines. |
Grave Maurice likewife obferving what great Profit proceeded from the Angolan
Negro’s,and that the Spanifh Sugar-Mills could not work without them, undertook
to ing that
rof‘Trade wholly
s into the We/t-India Companies hands ; to which p
pole LoandoSt:
: Paulo being judg’d a fit Place for a FaGory, Houte:been was fent thi-
ther with twenty-Ships; Mann’d with nine hundred Seamen, two thoufand Land-
Soldiers, andtwo hundred Brafilians : the Land-Men were Commanded-by Hinder-
_ fon, who arriving with the Fleet on the twenty fourth of Augu/t1640. before Loando
St. Paulo, ran in between the Enemy’s Caftles; St. Crux, Bento, Sibylla; Vincent, Velho,
and againft five Batteries alongthe Water fide, all full of Guns, and fit’d fo vehe-
mently upon the Enemy, that being forc’d to leaye his Works, he made ‘room
a & | for
 Chap. VII. AMERICA
for Hinderfon to Land ; who immediately march’d to the Town
; which Peter Cefar
Menefes defended with nine hundred Portuguefes, and . fome
3 ‘ .
thoufands of Negro’s;
’
who tyoande
tom
ral en

ftood the firft Onfet, but Hinderfon falling upon them again
, fo affrighted them, “”
that they fled ; which Menefes perceiving, {oon follow’d, and
Jeft him Mafter of the
City, in which he found onely a few drunken Soldiers , decrepid
old People, twenty
nine Brafs Guns, befides feveral Iron ones, and great plenty of Provi
fions and Am:
munition. Mean while Houte-been took thirty Ships hal’d near the Shore.
This City is buile on a Hill, and hath feveral fair Buildings and Cloyfters, Detsitics
amongft which the Je/uits and (Capnchins are the beft. Along the Sea-fhore,
at the” '* “”
foot of the Mountain, ftands alfo a long Row of Houfes; near which
Hinderfon ime
mediately caft up Bulwarks againft any Affault, and likewife two Sconc
es, the bigs
geft whereof is onthe utmoft Point of Loando, near the Fort Sibylla.
Twelve Companies being left herein Garrifon, quite contrary to Menefe
s his exe sens in
pectation, who thinking that the Netherlanders came onely for Booty
* + .

, and not to ius.”

, *B in E -)

take or keep the City by force of Arms, imade his Complaints

therefore by Letters
to Honte-been, alledging, That there was Peace made betw
een the King of Portugal
and the United Netherlands, and that the former Aéts of Hoftility
were chang’d ‘to
friendly Correfpondencies. But, Houte-been anfwer’d, “* That he knew not of any
** fuch-Agreement between Portugal andthe Netherlands, and
if he had known it,
“how -fhould he be fure whether Menefes held with the Caftil
ians or Portugnefes ? If
“* Menefes knew of this Agreement, and was of the Portu
guefe Party, why did he re-
“* ceive thofe as Enemies, whom he muft acknowledge as Frien
ds ? His Complaints
“* were now too late, fince the Hollanders had obtain’d the Victo
ry with the lofs of
“their Blood. | |
: Menefes therefore {eeing no hopes’to regain Loando, either by
Complaints or
Force, defir'd eight days Ceflation of Arms, that in that time he might fit
himfelf
to go from thence to another Place ;which the Netherlanders in Garrifon would
not
hearken to;but commanded him to march away immediately fixteen: Leagues from"
Loando. | | : |
~ Mean while the Angolan Princes joyning with the Netherlanders, fell upon the Por-
tuguefe where-e’re they met them. Moreover, feveral Citizens return’d to Loando,
and proffer’d half their Negro’s, if they might but have liberty to be
Tran{ported
to St. Salvador with the other half; but it was judg’d more convenient to keep
them, and by fair means alfo to invite the reft, becaufe it appear’d by the Ango-
lan Accounts, that the profit of the Negro-Trade amounted yearly to
fixty fix Tuns Gravee
of Gold, the Charges ofthe Garrifon, and fitting out of cthe’Ships being
deduéted Nea
fromit. The SpanifhKing had yearly above fifteen thoufand Negro’s frommhence to
employ in his American Mines.
Fioutes been Sailing over from Loando to the Ifle of St. Thomas, Landed
fome of his The Ife of
Men over againft the Sugar-Mills of St. Juna, and ran with his Fleet toan Anchor See
near a {quare Caftie, with intention to ufe no Hoftility,unlefs provok’d ; which
the ““"*™
Portugue/e-did by firing theit Guns, and were an{wer'd by Hloutesbeen, one of
whole
Ships call’d the Enchuifen was blown u p; thofe that Landed alfo met with fome re-
fiftance from divers Negro’s ;yet at laft they gain’d the Fort,in which th ey found fix
Guns, and foon after march’d into the. Town Pavaofa, where the Inhabitants had
left nothing but empty Houfes ; the great Caftle they were forc’d to let alone, be-
caufe the Scaling-Ladders would not reach to the top of the Walls, which
were
twenty eight Foot high : But Houte-been coming afhore, rais’d a Batter
y behind the
Church, from whence he fir'd with fix Demi-Cannons, and. threw fixty five
Granado’s amongft the Befieged, twenty whereof burft with fuch violence, that all
oe Sa Ggg | | things
 574. AMERICA. Chap. VIL
things about them were beaten to pieces; and thofe in Garrifon march’d out, not-
withftanding they might eafily have endur'd a long Siege, having twenty Brafs,
and fixteen Iron Guns, befides all manner of Ammunition. Houte-been thus be-
come Mafter of all things on the Ifland of Sc. Thomas, {ent for the fled Portugue/es
into the City on reafonable Proffers, embrac’d by many of the Inhabitants and Nee
@Great Mor oyg’s, But whileft Houte-been put all things in good order here,the Countrey Difeafe
tality among
theDuh 0% began to rage amongft the Seamen, for thofe who but a little before climb’d up the
Toman by Walls couragioufly
réafon of the
gtew faint, and fell down in a Swoon ; thofe who fought vali-
unwholiom- 9 nely againft theit Enemies, were now put intotheit Gtaves; in fhort, of a thou-
pe fand Men,a hundred were {carce left in health,the re(t being departed,or lying Bed-
rid: the unwholfom Air without any difference infected both great and fmall ; for
the Commanders Maftmaker, Valett, Dammert, (landius, Teer, Tack, and the chief in
this Expedition, Honte- been, were all taken off, and Interr’d in the chief Chutch of
Pavoafa, after the finifhing of fo much bloody Work. Moft complain’d of intole-
rable Head-ache, even to Diftraction, others alfo of horrible Gripings; and all
thofe who were afflicted either of thefe two ways, moft certainly dy’d in four days
time. The occafion of this deadly Diftemper was by divers, according to their dif.
ferent Judgments, imputed to feveral Accidents ; but doubrlefs it was chiefly to
be afcrib’d to the poyfonous Damps or Fogs, which often rife in this Iland, at
which times every one us'd to keep clofe in their Huts or Houfes ; which the Ne-
therlanders being ignotant of, neglected. ;
Theft co: The Portuguese that dwelt on this Ifland inform’d the Netherlanders, that few liv’d
OY ostoms above fifty years there, yet notwithftanding the great Gain tempted them to tarry,
rig feveral of them having two or three hundred Negro’s that work’d in the Sugars
mee. Mills , that Jobn the Third, King of Portugal, fenta Colony thither above two hun-
dred years before, whom though the unwholfom Air deftroy’d; yet the Place was
not left defolate ; for he feat new Inhabitants, who firft Setled in Guinee, next in
Angola, and laftly on the Ifland St. Thomas, that fo they might be the better us‘d to
the Air; that the faid King fold all thofe Jews for Slaves that refus’d to embrace
the Roman Religion, and-caus’d their Children to be Baptiz’d, from whom (coming
thither in great numbers), moft of the prefent Inhabitants were defcended. ;
Twice a year, viz, in March and September, the Sun isin the Zenith here, being
right perpendicular, and by that means makes no Shadow at Noon;but the Heat is
fomewhat mollifi’d in thefetwo Monethsby the Rains which fall, and in the Sum-
mer by a Weft, or South Wind ; for there never blow neither Eaft nor Northerly
Winds. . | .
The Defai. ©Phe white People that dwell here have commonly a Feaver every eighth day;
Rumi" firft they grow chill, next cold, and at laft very hot, which lafts onely two hours.
They commonly Let Blood four times a year to prevent this Diftemper. The Ne-
gro’s generally attain to a great Age, many times to above a hundred years. The
Ifland bears the Name of St. Thomas from the Sainton whofe Day the Portuguefe
difcover’d the fame. From the middle of it rifes.a Hill, overgrown with Trees,
and cover’d on the cop’ with Snow, which dropping down into certain Brooks, runs
through the Woods, and moiftens the Cane-Fields. The Ground it felf is tough,
and Afh-colout’d ; in it breed blue Crabs like Moles, which hurt all manner of
Roots and Plants. The City of Pavac/a is the Metropolis of the Ifland, and a Bi-
fhop’s See ; it lies near a clear and pleafant Brook, and is flank’d on one fide with
~ Hills, fruitful in the production of Sugar-Canes, bur partakes of the unwholfom
Air of the Ifland, which therefore can {carce be defended by Netherlanders, becaufe
they being unaccuftom’d to the Climate, generally die: Wherefore Grave Maurice
, . advis’d
 ‘Chap. VIL. AMER ICY.
advis’d the States to people this Place with Malefaétors, 575
who might either live here
to the Publick good
, or die with lef Difgrace than ina Prifon.
Towardsthe latter end of the Year 1641. Lichthart
and Coin weigh’d Anchor with Ea ag
cight great, and fix lefler Ships, and Sail’d to the Ifland of Maragnon
Landing near. the City St. Lodowick, march’d imme ; where Coin ken by Coin.
diately to the Fort, wath’d
on both fides with one River, which there divides it {elf into two
Branches: the
Governor.of it being too weak to hold out a
Storming, fent two eminent Perfons
to Com, with Proffers that they would furrender
on reafonable Articles: where-
upon Coin gran ted them their Lives, and free poffeffion of their
leave to the Soldiers to flay in the City St. Lodowick Goods, and gave
, provided they had no Arms,till
Orders came from Grave Maurice and his Council
at Reciffa. The Hollanders entring
the Fort found fifty
five great Guns, abundance of all manner of
left fix hundred Men in Garrifon. But the new Provifions, and
King of Portugal complain’d by his
Agent Mendoza to the States of the United Netherlands,
concerning the TranfaGtions
of the We/t-India Company, who had taken the Loando, and
the Ifles St. Thomas and
Maragnan, from him, But he was anfwer'd, That
thofe Places were taken either
before the ten years Peace was concluded with the
Portuguefe, or before the King
approv'd of it, or at leaft before it was publifh’d.
Grave Maurice finding that he could not prevail by fair
means with the Portuguese
in Brafile, fought to do fomething by force of Arnis,
becaufe the welfare of the We/ts
India Company depended folely upon the fortune of War ;
his Defign lay towards
the South Sea, whither the Ships might the eafie
r Sail from Brafile through the
‘Straights of Magellan ot Le Maire, becaufe in the Summet
there blow for the mof
part Northern Winds along the Coaft of America.
There were likewife many
good
Conveniences in the Southern Ocean, not onely to
furprize the rich Manilha Tra-
ders, but alfoto meet with the Peravian Plate-Fleet ; befid
es which, Enquiries
might be made with little Charges, if any Place were fit
to Settle on for Trade in
the unknown South Land. :
This Year 1641. was not onely remarkable for the Portu
guefes revolting from A gecPs
the Spaniards,but alfo fora great Deluge, which did much hurt in Brafi
le; for the fi
Rains fell fo exceeding hard without ceafing, that the fwoln Rive
rs every where
overflow’d their Banksand Dams; the Plants were eithe
r wafh’d away, or were
eaten up by little Worms, which bred as foon as the Wate
r began to fall. Befides
—

this Plague, the Small-pox alfo rag’d amongft the People,

of which many dy’d,
and others lay lingring a great while. ‘The Sugar-Mills likewife ftood ftill for
want of Negro’s, which the Diftemper had for the moft part
deftroy’d, and the Su-
gar-Canes rotted in the Ground.
Man while Grave Maurice receiv’d news of the Agreement
between the King of BNees Fy
Portugal and the States of the United Netherlands, according to which
every One Was to tween the
keep what they had gotten byr the War, Trading was free for all , againft all the /sxdand
Caftle
the
s and Fortrefles in America, under the King of Spain’s Domin
i) Cee, A's ing of Por-
ion, Hoftility was
to be acted alike by both; the Countrey which lay between the ete
SS
a
-
i
utmoft Borders of
the Portuguefe and Netherlanders, were to be divided, that each
might know their juft
Limits ; all manner of Trade to the Spanifh America was forbi
dden to both ; each
Owner was to remain in pofleffion of the Goods which he
had on the Day when
this ten years Peace was proclaim’d,
Grave Maurice fecing he could not get the States Confent to
return home, fent 7msives
his Secretary Tolner to Holland, to inform the Weft-India Company of the Condition _ Weft
2” oo"
of Brafile, and to requeft fuch things as were wanting there
: pany an Ac+|; '
: Toluer accordinoly are sumcf the
‘ - . . , . i. £ h ;

Taving in Folland, acquainted them with the Extent of their Domi

nions iri Brafile, 4°" ”"*
Gge 2 which
 576 AME R_I Cw. Chap. Vu,
“which reach’d from. Maragnan to the River Real; with the neceffityof keeping the
Soldiery undisbanded, in regard the Portugue/e were ready to take all advantagés,
notwithftanding the Articles of Agreement; with the difcontent of their own
Men, and their readinefs to mutiny upon the report that they were to be Dif-
banded ; with the great Inconveniences of altering the Government of the Weft
India Company ; with the number of Soldiers wherewith every Place belonging
to the Company was at that prefent furnifh’d, which amounted in-all to near five
thoufand Men; and withthe impoffibility of keeping thofe Places, unlef$a {peedy
Supply of Men and Provifions were fent.
Grave Maurice receiv’d a Letter from Mafcarenhas, wherein he made great com-
—_ plaint of the Netherlanders Adtions on Loando, St. Thomas} and Maragnan, during the
time of the Treaty, and us’'d many Arguments for the delivering back of the Pla.
te
-“=!

ces then taken ; but Maurice took little notice of the {aid Letter, being bufie about
fetling all Affairs in this quiet Junéture of time:
~.€y
- 7ir
-eo
as

He freed all new Planters from

the paying of Tenths for feven years, fold feveral Fields to be Cultivated, repair’d
all decay’d Forts, kept the Catholicks in ftri&t awe, ordain’d good Orders for Schools,
=->=-~ Alms-houfes, and payment of Money, and gave particularly Liberty to the Portu-
guefe both in Spiritual and Temporal Affairs. . |
all
—a
-~~ -=-

a—_
_—
=~a
aia in. In the mean time fad news was brought, viz. That the Maragnans, ‘affitted
by
=-—_
on
-
" «>+
- - :——- 2SS
mx- -—
—— - > --

eae “the Portuguefes and Brafilians, had taken the Fort of Calvaria near the River Tapicura
,
ae
=. omer deftroy’d all thofe that were in Garrifon, and Storm’d the City Lodowick : Wheres
upon Hinderfon was difpatch’d thither immediately with three hundred Netherlan-
ders, and two hundred Brafilians from Siara ;which the Enemy hearing, though
ewer?
Sat there were feven hundred Portngue/es, and three thoufand Brafilians, left the Ifland
—
ie
-"
=
v—
ar—_

Maragnan, and went over to the Main Continent.

The occafion of this Plot was imputed to the fault of the fortifh Governor of
St. Lodowick, and his Secretary William Negenton, who by theit Folly and Mifgovern-
ment provok’d the Natives to Rebellion,
Grave Mau-
rice his De-
Tq. the interim Grave Maurice had a Defign upon the City Buenos Aires in the Sou-
fgnuponBue-thern parts of Bra/ile,near the River La Plata, where a Way
leads by Land to Peru ;
rgd and whither the Silver and Negro’s were often brought, efpecially
when any Ships
ofPavmfa. were fulpected to block up the Channel of Panama. |
Whileft Maurice was preparing for this Expedition, news was brought that two
Ships had Landed their Men on the Ifland St. Thomas, under the Command ofLan-
rence Pirez, who had driven the Netherland Garrifon out of Pavaofa, and Befieg’d
the Fort,out of which many for want of Water ran to the Enemy ;and it was fear’d
that the fame Misfortune would fuddenly befall the City Loando and Seregippe del
Rey ; which prevented Henrick Bower's Expedition to Chili, and Lichthart’s to Buenos
Aires, and fo alarm’d Grave Maurice, that he thought it expedient to give {peedy no-
tice thereof, to warn the Netherlanders on Angola, that they fhould
Keep ftridt
Watches, and beware of the: treacherous Portuguefe, who affirm’d, That it
was
lawful for them during the ten years Peace, to restake thofe Places which had been
taken from them during the Treaty of Peace in the Hague.
Defeription hele Proceedings fore’d Grave Maurice to Difarm moft of them , and becaufe the
mars Negro’s did much mifchief from the Palmares, e{pecially to che Husbandmen in
the
_ Alagoas, Maurice gave order to deftroy their Habitations. The Palmares were two
Villages, built along the River Gungobuby under clofe Woods, fix Leagues
Norths
wardly from Parayba : The Inhabitants of them, being then about fix thoufand
in
number, were,moft of them fled Negro’s, who gathering together in a Head,
de-
ftroy’d all the Countrey thereabouts: They dwelein Huts of Boughs and
Straw
interwoven,
 Chap. VII. fA MER ICA. Pe ae
interwoven ; behind which were Gardens and Orchards of Palm-Trees, and con-
form’d tothe Religion and Government of the Portugnefe.
Whileft three hundred Mufquetteers, a hundred Mameluks, ‘and feven hundred Greve stan.
Brafilians were fitting to go to the Palmares, there arriv’d Agents at Reciffa from the fullicited
by
King of Congo, whobrought as a Prefent to Grave Maurice, two hundred Negro's, a theKing of
Golden Collar and Pot, befides many Negro’s for the Weft-India Company. Thefe Dakeof
Agents defir’d Aid againft the Duke of Sonbo, who treacheroufly Plotted to drive ar
the King out of Congo; which Plot was difcover’d by fcatrer’d Letters, Sign’d by
the Governors and Bifhop at Loando, a little before Loando was taken by the Hollan-
ders. Maurice courteoufly Entertaining the Agents, proffer’d himfelf to be a Media-
tor to decide the Difference, and gavethem a long Velvet Coat Lac’d with Gold
and Silver Lace, aSilk Coat and Scarf, anda Beaver Hat with a Golden Edging.
Not long after there came Agents from Sonbo, to befeech Grave Maurice that he
would not affit the King of Congo ; one of whom went tothe Hague, and was fol
low’'d by two from the King of Congo, who open’d their Letters before the Prince
of Orange.
The two Agents from Congo were ftrong and black Men, very active, and having 7h Ages
gtim Countenances,; they Danc’d after a ftrange manner; and fhowing the Picture whtkind of
of their King fitting in great State, aéted the Poftures in which his Nobles and
other Subjects fhew’d him Reverence : their Strength
was fuch, that they were
able with eafe to carry each of them two hundred thirty five Pound weight : their
- Ornamentals confifted of Elephants Tails.
In Loando the Governor for the Dutch, nam’d Cornelis Niewland, and the Portuguefe
Governor Peter Cafar de Menefes, came to this Agreement, That fince the ten years
‘Peace wasconcluded on between the Portuguefe and Netherlanders, Menefes fhould
poffefs the Counttey wath’d by the River Bengo, and call in the ancient Natives to
_ live and Trade as formerly ; all which was faithfully perform’d: nay, Mene/es fur-
nifh’d Niewland with as much Meal as he requir'd, towards the maintaining of a
thoufand Negro’s, whom he had bought ; and the Hollanders and Portugue/es began
now to be every day more arid miore friendly and familiar with each other, when
ona fudden Niewland not onely remembring what was done lately on the Iflands séewefs ac.
Maragnan and St. Thomas, but alfo ftirr’d up by other later A@ions, which gave him Niewland
Wimient af-
occafion of jealoufie, fent two hundred Mufquetteers in the Night from Loando, fr"! ¥""*
totake the Governor Mene/es, with fome others, who he fear’d might make an In- ol
furrection. The Soldiers accordingly about Day-break fell unawares upon the
fleeping Portuguefes, kill’d forty of them, and carry’d Menefes and many other Pers
fons of Quality away Prifoners, together with a Booty valu’d at above ten thou-
fand Ducats, and fenc a hundred and fixty Portugue/es in an old leaky Veffel to St. Sal-
vador ;but they being tofs’d to and again at Sea for a confiderable time, eight of
them dy’d, the reft almoft ftarv’d, Landedon Pernambuco; where Simon Alvares dela svar: de le
Benho being amaz'd to fee his Countrey-men thus hardly dealt with, complain’d Compiane
of Niewland, Mols, and Cro’, who were the chief of Loando, that they had broke the ‘scmof
Laws, and the {worn Articles of Peace; urging that it would be very unjuft that mn”
the poor Portuguefes {hould not have Satisfaction for the Wrong which they had
fuftain’d, as alfo for the lofs.of theit Goods. To which Grave. Maurice anfwez'd,
“ That Loando belong’d to the We/t-India Company, and that fot his part he had no-
“‘ thing todo with that City, but that if the States were accquainted therewith,
* they would without doubt be highly concern’d at it.
~ Chriftopher Santches, a free Negro, gave information of the fad Condition of the
ifland St. Thomas, viz, That the greateft part of the AcManders that had been left
G gg 3 3 upon
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
578
King’s Confent fitted out
upon that Ifland being dead, Pirex hereupon with the
of July 1642. firft re-
two Ships, and fetting Sail from Lisbon about the beginning
rds fell upon the
fus’d to pay the ufual Cuftom at the Ifland St. Thomas, afterwa d
poyfon’
Flanders, whom he Befieg’d in the Caftle, and againft the Law of Arms
allthe Waters. |
from a Famine
To prevent the future Inconveniences that were likely to arife
Maurice judg’d
which about this time affli€ted the whole Countrey of Brafile, Grave
; to which purpofe:
+¢ convenient to fell the Lands in the Alagoas to new Planters
s about Porto
Hlenrick Moucheron was chofen Overfeer, to take care that all the Field
d be Sow’n with
Calvo, and along the River Francifco, as alfo in the Alagoas, fhoul
Bread-Corn.
Letters of the
Grave ten —Grave Maurice obtaining leave at laft to go home, took Leave by
and in
ofthe Governors of Serinhain, Porto Calvo, Ignarazua, Itamaraca, Parayba, Rio Grande,
leave
Government,
vewwe ia Petfon of the Council at Reciffa, who all thank’d him for his prudent
would produce
manifefting their hearty forrow for his departure, Which without doubt
order’d
many Inconveniences. But though the Council of the Weft-India Company had
not fo
him to return home about the beginning of March 1643. yet he went
and
foon, becaufe he was to reduce the umber of Militiato eighteen Companies,
*—ae—
. =—~
iw - :

much trou
alfo tothe fettle Revenues, and difpofe of Offices, in which be found
a
—
—wend
-
el
5lis
,»=

To
7 — a=
=~ : S —=

Netherlands,
ble ; wherefore before his departure he wrote tothe States of the United
= affuring them how impoffible it was to defend Brafile, which extended fome hun-
in-
dreds of Leagues, with fo {mall a number of Men, fince the Portuguefe cover'd
~~
we,
rom

all
ward malice under a feigned fhew ofkindnefs, and atthe fame time watch’d
very much ex-
Opportunities to drive the Netherlanders ftom their Plantations,being
Monks and
afperated by the priviledge of Religion granted to the Jews,whileft their
.=
—
—-
By)
Jefuits were banifh’d. Moreover, in regard they ow’d the Weft-India Company
above fifty nine Tuns of Gold, they fought to caticel that Obligation, by making
chemfelves Mafters of whatfoever their Creditors had in Brafile, fo that there was
| |
hr
no way but to keep them under by force of Arms.
of
the“ After Grave Maurice had fent this Letter to Holland, he left the Government
Heleaves
andreturns Brafile to the chief Council, the Militia to Henrick Hoes, Captain of his Life-guard,
4 with Dire@tions for Governing after his departure. Having fetled all things in
good order, he went from Maurice-ftadt through Paratibi and Iguaraxu to Parayba ;
not to
where Janduy fent him three of his Sons, with twenty Tupayans, defiring him
o away ; two of them with feveral (arapates and Waypebarans, (a People who made
themfelves Mafters of the great Palmares) and five other Bra/ilians went aboard with
| | f
him on the cwentieth of May 1644.
The Fleet, confifting of thirteen Ships, and Mann’d with fourteen hundred
Men of all forts, was laden with fo many Merchandizes as were valu’d at twenty
fix Tuns of Gold ; with which Grave Maurice arriving at the Texel, Landed at the
Helder, and gave an Account of his Government in Brafile, and of the then prefent
fate of that part of it which belong’d to the We/t-India Company.
mlmages After Grave Maurice’s departure, Hlamel, Bafsi, and Bullestraet, bore the chief Come
fairsafter mand in Bra/ile : The Charges made by the War were mitigated, andthe number
departure, of the Soldiers in Garrifon reduc’d to fixteen hundred ; fome Forts lay without a
Man in them, whileft the King of Portugal watch’d for fuch an opportunity ,for
he feem’d to be as much concern’d for that Countrey, as for his Kingdom of Ports-
gal, and the rather, becaule his Predeceflor Seba/tian receiv’d above forty hundred
thoufand Ducats yearly out of the fame, befides che Prefents and other Gains made
by the Portuguefe ;wherefore he gave order tothe Governor of St. Salvador to be
, very
rc
 Chap. VII. AMERICA,
very vigilant, and affur'd him, that in a fhort time he woul 27?
d fend him both Men
and Provifions. A Malatto call’d Jobn Fernandes Viera, did not
a little affift the Portu- virs’s Tra.
guefe intheir Defign ; for he having liv’d a confiderabletime in a Counc
ellors Houle *
in Reciffa, had narrowly obferv’d all Paffages, and infin
uated himfelf into feveral
Stat
efmens Affairs, by Prefenting them now and then with
fome Rarities, info-
much that he came in time to Farm the Rents which the Weft-
India Company res
ceiv'd fromthe Sugar-Mills , buc at length being difcontented becau
fe the Coun-
cil would not make any abatement upon the fame, when he compl
ain’d that he loft
by Farming the fore-mention’d Tax, he held private Correfpondence with
Andreas
Vidal, that. when a convenient opportunity prefented it felf for the Portug
ue/e to fall
on the Hollanders, he might be affifting,; to which end he had gotte
n feveral Arms
and Ammunition together. —
_ In this Plot a Jew nam’d Mefes Accoignes, living in Viera’s Houfe
, a League from
Recifa, to keep himfrom Arrefts, was perf{waded to joyn; which he
feemingly pros
mis‘dto do; but went away by Day-break, and difcover’d the Defign to the
Privy-
Council, who being rock’d afleep by the Portugue/es fair Pretences,
gave no ¢redit
to the Relation. :
For the better carrying on of this Defign, Cavalcantelca, Provoft-Marfhal
in a pir =
Maurice-ftadt made a great Wedding for his Daughter in Viera’s Houfe, to which
the Sterberlandes
chiefeft Perfons of Quality, both of the Portuguefe, and alfo all the Privy
eCoun- onbyawa-
cellors and Military Officers belonging to the We/t-India Company were
invited : “®
_ and the Plot was fo contriv’d, that whileft they were all at Dinner,
the Portuguele
were fuddenly to fall upon the Netherlanders and kill them, both Servan
ts and Ma-
fiers; this done, fome were togo to Reciffa or Maurice-ftadt, with news that
the
Wedding People were coming ;whereupon part were to prefs into the City,
others
to keep the Gates, till alt their Forces were come thither, which then might
eafily
fecureand {eize upon the Magazine: fome Barquesalfo under pretence of
loading
Sugar, were in the mean time to fet upon the Haven and Fort near the Shore. All
things were accordingly prepar’d for the Wedding, nothing being wanti
ng that
could be purchas’d with Money; and near the Forts of Rio Grande and Parayba
were
Stage-plays to be Acted in publick, ic being concluded that the Soldiers in Garri-
fon would certainly be there to fee them ; the Actors being privately Arm’d with
Piftols and Ponyards. And to oblige one another the more for the carrying on of
this bloody Defign, Viera had caus’d the chief Confpirators to take an Oath before
the high Altar. The twenty fourth of June 1645. was the Day on which this Tra-
gedy was to be acted ; but a few days before two Portuguefes and five Jews, who had
Tone
been {worn Confederates, their Confciences checking them for fo villan
ous an never shy:
Undertaking, made an ingenuous Difcovery of the Plot. The Councellor Moucheron Conlpitates
was alfo inform’d, that the Portuguefe Colonel (amaron and Diex were coming with
great Forces from St. Salyadors |
The Council when they might eafily have apprehended Viera, fent for him by a
Few call’d Abraham Coimg, under pretence of Treating about fome Bufinefs concern
-
ing the We/t-India Company ; he promis’d to come in the Evening, but fufpecting Fite ls in
he was betray’d, fled into the Woods, and gave {peedy notice to all his Accom- °™ “°°
|
plices, who follow’d him in great numbers. The Soldiers fent to fearch Viera’ s
Houfe,found none but old Men and Children. :
The Councellor Van Honten went immediately with feven Sugar-Veflels to Pa-
rayba, fortifi'd the Forts Margareta, Reftringa, ‘and Antonio, and made room for the
Brafilians that had remov'd thither from their Villages, inthe Houfes deferted by
the Portugue/e in Frederick-ftadt. On the other fide, Amador da Rouge, one ofa Con-
pitators,
 580 AMERICA. Chap. VII.
fpirators, went with a Company from Poionca through the Countrey, kill’d feven ©
Dutch Seamen, with three Jews, and erected Gibbets, on which he threatned to hang
all thofe who did not take up Arms for the King of Portugal, Colonel Hous ine
form’d hereof march’d with five hundred Men to Poiucato meet the Portuguefe,
who were {catter’d ip and-down the neighboring Woods. He alfo publifh’d an
Edié, in which every one was Licens’d to return to their Habitations, with pre-
mife of pardon for theit Rebellion, if they would take the Oath of Allegiance anew,
onely Viera, Cavalcantelca, and Da Rouge, were excluded, and nine thoufand Guilders
promis’d to thofe that brought them dead or alive, which made two hundred Inhas
bitants in Reciffa march into the Countrey under the Command of Captain Blar,
to find the fore-mention’d Traitors ; and at laft joyning with Hous, they purfu'd
the fled Portuguefe. i |
Hoogesfrat ‘In the mean time the Council fent the Captains Vander Voort and Hoogen/traet, to
withtmons Antonio Silya, Governor of St. Salvador, to acquaint him with the treacherous Infurs
vids ten. rection of the Portuguefe, and of Camaronand Diex coming from St. Salvador to their
ieliveupie affiftance, urging, that thefe treacherous Proceedings and breach of Oath, could
pfim, ” not but redound to the difhonor of the Crown of Portugal. Whereto Silva ans
fwer'd, ‘* That Camaron and Diex were not under any Obligation of Oath, but .
« that he would check the Infurre€tion in Pernambuco, and take carethat the Au-
“ thors thereof fhould make Satisfaction to the Weft-India Company. Notwithe
ftanding which fair Pretences, he fo wrought with Hoogen/traet, that after a private
Conference between them it was agreed, that for a certain fum of Money he fhould
furrender him the Promontory of St. Augu/tine, of which he was Governor ; but at
his Return to Reciffa being made chief Commander of the Caftle there, and being
jealous what might follow his private Treating with Silva, he declar’d to the
Council, that Silva had defir’dhim to furrender the Fort St. Auguftine, which he had
granted, for noother end, but to catch the falfe Portuguefe in theit own Nets, and
to trapan all fuch as fhould be fent to take pofieffion of it; and that if the Council
had any fufpicion of him, they might make ufe of his Service in fome other place.
About this time a hundred and fifty Tapuyans, led by a German Soldier call Jacob
Rabbi, Sallying out of their Woods, fell upon the great Village (Conyabou, under the
Jurifdiction of Rio Grande, broke into the Church, murder’d all the Portuguefe, and
eating their raw Flefh, demolifh’d the Place. ?
Hous alfo unfortunately Storm’d the Mountain Santantan, where the Enemy lay
Intrench’d, being forc’d to Retreat with the lofs of above a hundred Men, amongft
whom was Captain Lo. ps
Grave maz The Privy Council caus’d a part of Maurice-ftadt to be pull’d down, as alfo'the
Salts detieftately Palace Freyburgh, for which the Jews profter’d GraveMaurice 6000I.together
Mes with the ftately Garden, which were thought to exceed the famous Gardens in
Theffalia ;but on the‘other fide they kept Men at work Night and Day in repairing
the decay’d Caftle at Reciffa.
Bonatides ap - About the fame time the Admiral Salvador Correo de Bonayides, brought thirty
grat Flet four great Sail of Ships to an Anchor before Reciffa, the Gallion which he Com-
eiffs,butpre- manded carrying fixty Brafs Guns. The Admiral Lichthart ran to meet him with
hip, five Veffels, and fent him word, that if he fell downto Leeward, fince he was got
to the Windward, he fhould foon find, that five Ships durft Engage with a Fleet fix
times as ftrong.. Whereupon Bonavides {ent two Meflengers to Lichthart to tell him,
that he came asa Friend to damp the Portuguefe Infurreétion in Pernambuco ; to
which purpofe he had already Landed fome Companies at Tamandera. Lichthart fend-
ing the two Meflengers to the Council at Reciffa, they fent two of their own Mem-
bers
 . gull Pp fen

oy RT
“fil 5, / rit
|a
ep ; antl a
e
Re ay Ps
|

ili

il

Sl Hee, :
vy NaS
 581

\ de
‘
R\2 %, if} \ .
1h r / & \ ‘
/
a Ss ae — tm
Xs. 4 J vr . r 5
iY)
— SS) 1i va ——~
, Ty,
eSi rat
8 eSSe. _\hi | ) treet

The Names of the Ships both of the Dutch and Portuguefe Fleet
A. The Portuguefe Admiral,
B. Their Vice-Admiral.
C. The reft of their Ships.
D. Three of their Barques.
E. Three Carvels, which lay to
watch in the Bay.
F. The Enemy’s Battery.
G. The Utrecht, being the Dutch
Admiral.
.
H. The Ter Veer.
I. The Zealand Vice-Admiral.
K: The Over-Yfel.
L. SaltsLand Pink.
M. TheGolden Deer Frigat.
N, 0. The Leyden Pink, and Unicorn
Frigat.
Q. A Dogger and three Netherland
| Barqgues.

bers to Bonavides, defiring to know of him what call’d him

thither with io great a
Fleet, and without giving the leaft notice, contrary to the concluded
Peace of ten
cars ?
; Whileft the two Commiffioners went with the fore-mention’d
Orders to the
Portugue/e Fleet, a Netherland Veftel endeavor'd, notwithftanding
the Wind was con-
trary, to get out to Lichtbart’s affiftance ; which Bonavides obfer
ving, ftood away
Northerly before the Wind : but Lichthart overtook a Ketch belon
ging to the Por-
tuguefe Fleet.
Mean while the Portuguefe upon Land being two thoufand ftrong,
under the cA ego
Command of Vidal, Diez, Camaron, and Acoignes, Storm’d the Fort
Serinhain, where adothers,
the French Captain Montagne could make but little refiftance, not having above
forty
Men, and being unprovided of Ammunition and Provifion ; yet he
refifted nine
days, and at laft got two Barques to convey him to Reciffa.
Soon after this the Portuguefe Fleet falling out amongft themfelves,
Bonavides
Steer’d back for Lisbon with a few Ships, the reft coming to
an Anchor again near
Reciffa ; where the Seamen whom Lichthart had taken inform’d him,
that their
Fleet came the firft time to Reciffa for no other end, but to ftir up the Portuguefe
by
their
 AMERICA. Chap. VIL.
their Prefence to take up Arms, according to a private Contract, having to that
purpole Landed twelve hundred Men at Tamandera, befides the Army led by Cama-
ronand Diez from St. Salvador to Pernambuco.
Colonel Hous about this time being fent for back to Reciffa, and ftaying with
five hundred Men for Captain Blaek’s coming, who was fent to fetch all the Portu-
guefe Women within three Leagues about Reciffa, was fet upon in the Night by
Vidal with two thoufand Portuguefes ; the Brafilians, who were above half his Forces,
flying into the Woods, leaving onely two hundred Netherlanders to fight with Vidal,
by whom being fo much over-power'd, they were fore’d to fubmit to his mercy,
and fuffer themfelvesto be all carry’d Prifoners to St. Salvador.
all things were in a confufion, the Pits digg’d about
By this time at Reciffa
Maurice-/tadt afforded nothing but brackifh Water, which occafion’d Sicknefs.
the Fort sr, Vidal encourag’d by his Victory, march’d to St. Augu/line, where without doube
rcxkerouly he had ftopt, if Hoogenfiraet,who had the chief Command of the Fort, had not been:
treacheroufly
furrendred by an
Hoogentract’ Difloyal; for this; Traitor thought it: not enough
Hoogenraet 7 . to furrender
: is invincible
this invinci Fort to
pop the Enemy, but alfo bereav’d Reciffa of Provilions and Ammunition, which he did
very fubtilly, fending earneftly thither for Souldiers, Bullets, Powder and Shor,
in lieu whereof he fent thither two Barques full of old Men, Women and Chil-
dren, that fo he might deprive Reciffa of ftout Men, and fupply their room with un-
able People. For this treacherous and villanous Act the Portugnefe were to give him
1800 |. and make him a-Colonel : Moreover, all the Soldiers in Garrifon, cons
fitting of three hundred Men, receiv'd 3 /. a Man, and were fent to joyn with a.
Regiment ‘of fix hundred and fifty Men, over which Hoogenftraet was made chief
Commander.
Lichtbart The day before this eminent Caftle, wasto be deliver’d up to the Enemy, .Ad-
i Vidi ove miral Lichthart obtain’d a brave Viétory at Sea; for the Portuguefe Fleet (confifting
pantie of feventeen Sail, the reft being gone with Bonavides to Portugal) anchoring before
'Tamandera, were valiantly fet upon by Lichthart, who Engag’d with them on the
_ ninth of September 1645. with the Utrecht, being the Admiral Ship, the Zealand, Ter
Veer, Over-Yfel, the Pinks Salt-Land and Leyden, a Dogger and three Barques. In the
Hole of the Haven Tamandera three Portuguefe Carvels kept Watch, and near a Bat-
tery full of Guns Jay three Barques, and the other Ships a little farther nigh the
Shore. The Enemy at firft fhot very fiercely from the Battery, whileft the Ships
drove to the Shore, and the Men leaping overboard {wam,afhore, onely the
Admiral Feronymo Serao de Payva made fome refiftance, but at laft furrendred up his
Ship, the Netherlanders in their Barques killing above feven hundred Portuguefes in
the Water. Lichthart burnt the whole Fleet, exceptthe Admiral and VicesAdmiral,
‘which he carry’d to Reciffa. . | | |
But this Victory was not comparable to the Lofs which the Ea/telndia Company
fuftain’d by the felling of the Promontory of St. Augajtine, and che taking of the
Forts Porto Calyo and Rio Francifco ; to the laft whereof the Barques coming too late
>
=—

to carry the Soldiers off, they were all made Prifoners by the Portugue/e, as alfo the
_—
P

Planters, in all to the number offive hundred. , |

et
—

—_
——
Vidal marching to Tamarica, Storm’d Schuppen-/tadt, but found fuch refiftance from
>—
George Garfiman (who fupply’d the Prifoner Hous his Place) that he lofs three hun-
by dred Men:
to Death put
Benillows After whichhe endeavor’d by means of Fernandes Bouilloux, to purchale
-

——
_

the Gove the Fort Margareta for 1500 1. Sterl. of the Governor of Parayba, who immediately
~——
-—

nor of Pa-
myés, without any farther Examination, caus’d Bonilloux that profter’d the Money to be
put to death. ;
A Dutch Sergeant in Olinda dealt very treacheroufly ;for he fold the Fort to a
nell
mee
a
<n =
mn—_,
o

Portu-
‘Chap. VII. AMERICA. 583
Portugue/e Enfign for 100 J. and alfo moft bafely betray’d all his Soldiers Lives to
the mercilefs Enemy. .
: |

By thefe means Reciffa was round about in jeopardy, asalfo within ; for the great Thedifef- |
;
:
’

Thirft of the Inhabitants under a fcorching Climate, augmented by the Alollanders

onot Rwiffa
’
-

falc Meat, could not be quench’d with brackith Water, for frefh was not to be had, :

Famine alfo increas’d daily, infomuch that the Poor threatned to fall upon the
Rich, which made the Magiftrates go Arm’d from Houfe to Houle, to enguire |
what Store every one had, which being writ down was carry’d away and put into
the Storeshoufes, where each receiv’d alike fhare, without re{peét of Perfons. Fewel
alfo grew very fcarce, which made many eat their Meat raw, or half drefs’d. In
the interim every one that was able; was forc’d to work at the Forts of Reciffa,
which were beaten down by the Rains; and the Soldiers continually alarm’d by
the Enemy, were forc’d to be Nightand Day up in Arms. The People dy’d more
and more daily, when two Fly-Roats arriv’d there with Provifions, and News,
that a Fleet was coming to their affiftance.
The Captains Rhynbag and Montagne went in the Night, each with a Company,
to fall upon the Enemy, who being two thoufand five hundred ftrong, drove them
back, and purfu’d them within fhot of the “fogados, where forty Portuguefes were
kill’d. =i
About the fame time a Terra Neuf Sailor, laden with the dry’d Fifh Bocraillo,
cameto Reciffa. |
In Parayba three hundred Netherlanders Sallying out of the Forts, fell fo valiantly
upon nine hundred Portuguefes, that they forc’d them to flye, not without a confi- -
derable lofs. After which a Party of Brafilians furpris’d eighty Portuguefes, as they
were at Ma/s'in Andreas Diex de la Figuereda’s Sugar-Mills, where they {par’d none
but Figuereda’s Daughter, whofe Beauty fo charm’d them, that they comforted her
mourning for her Father’s Death, and deliver’d her undefil’d to the Governor
of Parayba. |
Vidal raging for madnefs becaufe now and then fome of his Prifoners e{cap’d, anerope
caus'd feveral of them to be cruelly murder’d, tying fome of them Back to Back,and. of "du.
then cutting them in pieces ; others he threw with Stones ty’'d about their Necks
into the Rivers ; others he ty’d by their Privities, and hung them upon Trees ; and
alfo knock’d out the Brains of others.
In Reciffa the Soldiers, confifting of divers Nations, began likewife to mutiny, a igi
crying, They fhould be all ftarv’d ; and faying, They had better be flain in the Field fighting muy tor’
againft the Enemy, than die of Hunger in the City. They alfo complain’d, The Commif- viiow ~
fioners themfelves betray Brafile ; and threatned by forceto fetch the Provifions out
of the publick Stores, faying, They had long enough endur'd Thirft and Hunger.
Thefe Tranfactions in Brafile were very ill refented in Holland, the common
People in the Hague being ready to pull down the Portuguefe Ambaffador’s Houfe,
in revenge of the Cruelties exercis’d upon the Netherlanders in Brafile, had they not
been hindred by the Prudence of Prince Henrick. The Ambaflador pretending to
be ignorant of the fore-mention’d Paflages, proffer’d to make what Satisfaétion the
West-India Company fhould require. But the States not fatish’d with Excufes,
when the Adtions plainly manifefted what their Intentions were,Com plain’d to the
French King of the unthankful and malicious Dealings of the Portnguefe Crown ;
and meeting but with fmall Redrefs, they prepar’d to right themfelves by force of rice
Arms, andto that end rais'd feveral Regiments of Land.Soldiers, befides Seamen, Pape.
to fend to Brajfile. The Fleet defign’d thither, confifting of twenty two Sail, after
ithad been frozen up before Flufhing three Moneths, fer Sail at laft in the Peginning
o
 584. | AMERICA. Chap. Vif.
of February, Anno 1646. with the Lord Schonenburgh, a Member of the States, the
Pees feak Councellor Goch, and Treafurer Beanmond, Men very well experienc’d in Governing
fer Bra of Countreys: To théfe were added the eminent Merchants
‘of..Amfterdam, Flaeks
and Trovire, to keep the We/t-India Companies Accounts, and Le Heremiet for their
Secretary. Sigifmond Schuppe bore the chief Command over the’ Militia, and the
Admiral Bankert over the Fleet, which fuffer’d the greateft hardfhip imaginable’.
for being driven by tempeftuous Winds intothe Downs, twoof them driving froth
their Anchors were caft away on the Flats. The Fleet getting out again, was once
more fotc’d by a Storm to putin atthe I/le of Wight; from whence by reafon of con-
tinual Gufts they could not ftir in nine Weeks time.. During this tedious Waiting
for a fair Wind, the Brajile Frigat, valu’d at 20000 |. was iplic in pieces againtt a
a-

‘
Rock of the Ifland, and of three hundred Men thirty onely were fav’d. “A Pink
which came in. two Moneths from Reciffa, brought alfo fad tydings ro'the Fleer.
-
'
t :

viz. That the Town was in fuch a Condition, that without doubt the Fleet wale
:
-
'
|

come too late to their affiftance : whereupon they making the more hafte, endea-
4
‘
7

:
j
vor'd, not without great trouble, to weigh Anchor again, whileft the Wind
rofe
: : 7

higher and higher,and the’ Waves going very hollow,drove the Ships down
lid

ion.
LP
towards
:

;
Portland Coaft, full of Rocks, to which they were fo near; that they faw a Scorebe
man {plit in pieces againft them ; and had not the Wind come about, and abated
'
| BS

of
' -

;
:
:

{
y
its fury, the Fleet had undoubtedly perifh’d. No fooner was this Danger paft, but
another fucceeded ; for the Soldiers in the Admirals Ship
- : :

complaining of the fall

-
* : '
'

allowance they had of Cheefe, Brandy,and Tobacco, had

h :

:
" made them{elves Mafters
: ’
:
:
_ of the Store-room, and threatned to: kill the Lords Goch and Beaumond - but they
affifted with Men from the other Ships, who came in at
.
-

| -
the Cabbin Windows be
orderd the Mutineers, ,thae they ask’d forgivenefs, which for many Reafons
iF

was
: 7
I;

i
granted, onely they were diftributed by feven ina Ship throughout the whole
Fleet. After a great Conteft between Goch and Beaumond- about carryi
‘

ng the Flas.
‘

which could not be decided, Goch was lefe by the reft of the Fleet, who Steer’d *
-

7
:

, other Courfe, and getting near the Line, lay becalm’d fix days in
which time he
'
'

Toft very many of his Men bya ftrange kind of Scorbute. which rag’d
bk
r

i]
|
\
amongft them;
at laft Sailing along the Promontory of St. Auguftine, he came toan Ancho
:
: :
-

r before
44

Reciffa, which he found in the greateft Exigency imaginable, infomuch that

-

' a)!

it was
>
Th) i

refolv'd upon, the next day to furrender the Place up to the Portuc
se /
; -

uefe, on promife
*
1 : «1
i

of Quarter onely : which Refolution none oppos‘d more thanthe Jews.

Ye ‘
teaid |
: :

for the:
:
wh i

Portuguefe {wore that they would burn them alive, if ever they became Mafte
a . ) :
® a
; +l
: 4
‘a
h
rs of
Reciffa, which made them refolve to die with the Sword in their Hands, and
: :

fell
q ’ ‘

- "

their Lives at.a dear rate.. Six Weeks after Gochs Arrival, the
+ ?

- A
. a
:
remaining part ofthe
Fleet, efcaping many dreadful Storms, in which, befides the two that
7
*

were loft in:

r :
-

+ S|
the Downs, they loft five Ships and five hundred Men, arriy’d allio at Reciffa,
where
'
;
‘

the Commiffioners appointed Officers to diftributeto every one their

, :
;, : ::

certain allow.
:
4 :
'

J
i ance of Vidtuals. The prime Councellor Schonenburgh allo decided the Difference
SEj ia f

between Beaumond and Goch, as alfo between Haeks and Trovire, about
| ELD
|| ae vi
: J '
their Places
in the Aflembly, viz. thar they fhould fit above one another by Turns.:
,
fai

:
4 ai,
Mm
The old
Governors, Hamel, Ba/si, and Bulleftraet, were blam’d by evety one.for
<%
iy wel

the decay of
ri / j
' " Th =
q * a

Brafile; and being fent to Holland, were receiv’d with frowning

ia \ 7
ow

Looks, and vail’d

‘
‘ 4
*h s
=
again{t in Pamphlets as faithlefs Perfons, who fought nothing
» ~a~
rales

but Ekta own ad-

| ‘
: a}
a
——

_ Vantage, and were threatned to be call’d to an Account. It wasial

_
=
-* ———
_—_—,
>
z
\

fo laid to their
i}
A eit
=7

charge, that they had not givena true Account of the State'and
* ‘s
a. ‘
‘ ita

Condition of Brafile ;
4),

-_—
—=
Ste
<= that the Stace was much more decay’d than they had made known,
by which means
i®
: : a
: 4
1 -
.
{ f \.
the prefent Power prov'd too weak todo any thing to the
Enemy,
‘ .

‘ 4

Amongft
{7 : :
aN
ani
iy
Chap. VII. AMERIC A. 585
Amongft Stet Misfortunes which befell che Weft-India Company, the Revolt of Ga/man
ard
the Tapuyans and other Brafilians was notthe leaft, which hapned upon the occafion Pigr'duv-
of Garftman’s putting to Death of Jacob Rabbi, a German, and indeed their chief 7"
“cen
“Ringleader in all Robberies and Villanies ;but Dary their then King alledging
that Rabbi was wrongfully Executed by Garftmanl, and that his Tryal belong’d to
him’as King, profecuted Gar/iman fo vigoroully, that he and his Enfign Jacob Boulan,
his Acceflory in the Faét, had their Goods and Salary confifcated, and they Bic
felves were fent home in difgrace.
Mean while thé Council feeing that there was not much good to be done by guefe Te 2a
Invita~
force of Arms, ‘endeavor’d by mild ways to inyite the revolted Portuguefes, who toarrerails
were all prowtied Pardon for their Infurrection in an Edict which was publifh’d Xba
in all places, onely Viera, Almado, De Rouche, Antonio Calvantelca, and Fhoogenftraet, for
whom great fums of Money were offer’d, were excepted. The Portuguefe on the
contrary publifh’d, That they would receive all thofe Netherlanders into favor that
would come over to them, and pay the Debts which they ow’d to the We/t-India
Company, and alfo tttvan{port them whither they pleas’d.. Thefe Promifes, writ-
ten in Englifh, Dutch, French, and Portuguefe, and hung every where on the Boughs
of Trees, and other publick Places, operated much more than the Privy-Councils
Edids ; for in
i ftead of one Portuguefe that came to them, feveral ranto the Porta:
guefe from Reciffa, notwithftanding a ftri€& Guard was kee to prevent them, befides
the great mortality: amongft the Soldiers and Inhabitants through feveral: raging
Diftempers, and want'of frefh Provifions: Which general Calamity, it feems,
very much cow’d the Spirits of thofe that were left;for in a Sally meeting with fink
hundred Portuguefes,-notwithftanding they were equal in
i number, yet they made a
fhameful Retreat ; yea, though Schuppe came with eight hundred Men to their affis
ftance, yet he ebuild ‘hoe prevail with chem to face about either by fair means or
foul, forwith his owithand he Ran-through an Enfign, Sergeant, and two Soldiers,
who ran away firlt. Yet notwithftanding this bafe and cowardly Retreat, itwas
tefolv’d on''to fet upon Olinda and the Promontory St. Auguftine;)and at the fame
time ‘Hinderfon was fentto make himfelf Mafter.of Rio Francifco with fifteen hune -
dred Men, ‘and to hatrafe all the Counttey thereabouts with Fire and Sword, that
| fohe might force the Portuguefe to leave Reciffa.
“Though john Dary, King of the Tapuyans, feem’d well enough contented with the revo ofshe
punifhment of Gar/iman, yet a great Party of his Subje&ts wete not farisfi’d, but “?””*
went and joyn’d with the Portuguefe, becaufe Garftman had not been delivers va
them in Sidra, where they kill’d-allthe Necherlanders they could meet with, and fent
Prefents to their King Dary, if poffible, to oblige him to joyn with the Portugue/e :
But he reply’d, That be had more reafon to punifh them for their ill ufageof the Inhabitants in
‘Siara, than to have any thing to do with the Portuguele.
“> The Council inform’d hereof; {ent the Interpreter Ralph Baron, who had a long
time’ Convers'd with the Tapuyans, with a Prefent of Axes, Knives, Looking-glaffes,
Shirts, Combs, and the like Trifles, to King Dary, defiring him to continue his for-
met kindnefs towards the Hollanders'; which Dary promis’d, ptovided he might re-
ceive Affiftance from Reciffa againft thofe whom he had side his Enemies for the
Netherlanders:{ake ; which Barompromis’d fhould be done as foon as the frefh Forces
which were‘daily-expedted fromthe Texel, Maes, and Zealaud, came to Brajile.
- Hinderfon Landing at Rio Grande, took the Fort without firing a Gun, the Portas Th For of
guefe av his firftcoming flying into the Woods. He found here abundance of Cattel; 3h) by
for no place in the! World breeds more than this, feveral Husbandmen having fifteen ~
thoufand Head of Beafts, of which many were taken to fupply the want of Provi-
| Hhh | fions,
 AMERICA, Chap. VII.
fions at Reciffa. As foon as he had taken the Fort, he causd it to. be pull’d down
to the Ground, becaufe it ftood in an inconvenient place, and immediately rais’d
another, which was much better-to be defended, by reafon ofthe rifing Ground ,
-+-—
ir).
ee
—
eo
—_——: but he could neither bring that Work, nor any other Defigh toany perfedion, be-.
caufe of the treachery of his Soldiers, who being moft of them Roman+Catholicks,
' -iy
——e —3Calis
a— =
= >—
.-

were foinclin’d to the Portugue/e Intereft, that they daily more and more deferred
the Companies Service, and gave Intelligence to the Enemy of their Tranfadions.
Amongft others, an Antwerper was apprehended for an Intelligencer, and being
Hang’d ona Gibbet, fell three times one after another on his Feet,the Halter break.
ing like a burnt Thred, which gave him fo many.times of re{pit and opportunity
of fupplicating for Life; but his Crime was too hainous.to admit. of /Pardon,
Mean while the fled Portugue/es being {upply’d with frefh Supplies. from all Places,
e{pecially from St. Salvador, to the number of twelve hundred Men, they kill’d the
Out-watches, confiftingof twenty Men: The next-Sentinel being warn’d by the
noife, alarm’d the new Fort, which was fcarce finifh’d, becaufea mighty Shower of
Capt. m- Rain had wafh’d away the Walls. Ezinderfon being wounded in the Leg,, fent Caps
tagme over
power’d by tain Montagne againft the Enemy, of whofe Power he was fenfible; yet. going to
the Enemy,
and flain, the place where the Watch that was kill’d had kept their Station, ‘he met with two
hundred Portuguefes, divided into three Companies, and drawn out for Battel, who
running away were purlu’d by Montagne, till coming up totheit Regiment, ‘which
confifted in all of a thoufand Men, divided into five Companies, they fell on all
fides upon Montagne, who fighting valiantly, was overpower'd and kill’d, withthree
hundred of his Men, and almoft as many more taken Prifonets; amongft whom was
the Minifter Aferte, four hundred onely efcaping into the Fort, where Hinderfon
ftay’d expecting the event of Montagne’s Exploits. Ney |
This Defeat {poil’d: Schuppe’s Defign, who by his marching to Rio Francifto .
thought to draw the Enemy from Reciffa; but now being fore’d to think of fome
other way, he thought it convenient to invade St. Salvador by Sea, as the Enemy
had done Reciffaby Land. Wherefore Hinderfon receiv’d order to ftay with fix hun-
- dred Men (being all that were left of fifteen hundred,) on Rio Grande, whither a
Barque with Provifions being fent, was taken, and the Men in cool Blood kill’d by
the Portuguefe. : | wt
At the fame time it was given out, that Schuppe was going with the Admiral
Bankert to Himderfon’s affiftance ;and to delude the Portuguefe the more, Schuppe
went with two thouland five hundred Mento Rio Francifco, where he| lay fome
days at an Anchor ; upon which the Governor of St. Salvador fending feveral Com-
Schappe's Vi- panies thither, Schuppe Sail’d with all {peed to St. Salvador, and Landing on theIfland
Gory on the
Ifland Zape- Taperica, four Leagues in circumference, he got a rich Booty, and fpar’d none
vita.
whome’re he met with, infomuch that two thoufand were deffroy’d, fome by the
Sword upon the place, others by their hafte to get over to St. Salvador , for moft of
the Veffels being too full, funk wich them. Amongft the Prifoners that were taken
and fent to Reciffa, weretwo Monks, who were defign’d the fame Entertainment
as the Minifter Aftette {hould receive im St. Salvador ; whereupon they immediately
wrote totheir Fraternity, to take carethat Affette fhould not be burnt alive, as the
Portuguefe had threatned, becaufe they were to expeé the fame,ulage : whereupon
_—-Aftette was fet at liberty, and had leave to walk up and downthe Streets of St. Sal-
vador. Schuppe fortifi'd himfelf on Taperica, near an Inlet under the new Works,
J ichthart’s
Death,
and together with Lichthart watch’d for all Portueuefe Veffels: But Lichthart dying
here, was carry’d to Reciffa, and there bury’d. Onithe other fide, the Governor of
St. Salvador fent fifteen hundred Men in the Night to the other. fide! of Tuperica,
where
Chap. VII. AMERICA, 587
~

} ——

: > —=,

“ — ~ - ~< ts e - _ a * W-< -

SO eee —~

where with all {peed they Intrench’d themfelves, and Sally’d daily out of their
Works upon Schuppe, fo that many Men were loft on both fides ; but Schuppe was in
the worft Condition, in regard his Soldiers ran over in great numbers to St. Salva-
dor, where they were well Entertain’d; of which he advertis’d the Privy-Council i
who were the lefs ableto give him Redrefs, as having the fame caufe of Com-
plaint. | 4 | |
Amongft others there hapned a fad Accident of a young Soldier, {Carce fixteer A pitiful Ex
years old, and born at Roan, who having robb’d his Father’s Cafh, went ina Ship oo Goldie ~
to Holland; where he lavifhly {pending the Money, was forc’d at laftto Lift him. t=.
felf in the We/t-India Companies Service, and coming with the fore-mention’d Fleet
to Reciffa, endeavor'd with two Companies to run tothe Portuguefe ; but overtaken,
was Try’d for the Fact, and Condemn’d ‘to be Hang’d, for none of his Excufes
which he made, of going over the River onely to fetch fome Oranges and Lem-
monsto refrefh himfelf, would fave him, nor his protefting that he had no intens
tion of going to the Enemy, nor the Promife that his Father fhould releafe him for
ten thoufand Crowns, nor his Minority, which ought chiefly to have been confi
der’d,but that Neceffity ftopt the Ears of the Compaffionate ; fo that his Execution
drew pity from thé Beholders a few Weeks after.
A very aftonifhing Paflage hapned at Reciffa upon another Sentence of Death A notable,
pronounc’d againft a Portuguefe, who after the publication of the A@ of Pardon Parag
came to Reciffa, and there hir’d a Seaman for two hundred Crowns, to carry a Treafon.
Letter, made up in a Leaden Box, to the Governor of the Promontory of St. Au+
guftine, with order that if he was fet upon any where, he fhould throw the Box in-
to the Water, The Letter written in ftrange Characters, contain’d a Declaration of
the {mall number of Men in Reciffa, moft of the Netherlanders Forces lying on the
Ifland Taperica, fo that if Reciffa were Storm’d along the Bank, and from Maurices
‘ey
oF
: ‘oe
; ‘é

fade, it mighteafily be taken. This Letter being intercepted, the Portuguefe was
taken and Condemn’d,and as he was carrying tothe Place of Execution cry’d aloud,
| 1
| -

You People take delight in my Death, but you fhall be interrupted ; and indeed it hapned acs :: {4:

7 Hhh 2 cordingly, ‘ 5 |
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rie »
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te
$88 AMERICA. Chap.1 VI.
cordingly: for when the Executioner began to f{corch the half-ftrangled Criminal
a
2;
&*:
with Straw, there {prungup a ftrange Spirit of Contention amongft the Speéta-
.
tors, who began to juftle and ftrikeone another ; and foon afteraWhirlwind rofe
=
4 .7
in the midft of the Market-place, which in a moment caus’d them all to ftagger
like drunken People, their Hats and Caps were blown up into the Air, the whole
7“ i

multitude tumbling confufedly-on the Ground, the Arm’d Soldiers flying to the
A

_ -7,
=—-
SS. 2 r,--
next Houfes, and the Executioner falling down in a Trance from the Scaffold: A
SS
————
a
_—_
=—
vee
full quarter of an hour this Confufion had lafted, when the People came to thems
{elves again, and the Hangman return‘d to his Bufinefs, cutting off the Portuguefe’s
Nofe, Ears, Privy-Members, and tearing out his Heart, which he threwtotwo
Dogs, who deyour’d the fame ; then dividing the Body into Quarters, which were
fet up at the four Corners of the City for an Example. )
The fame Punifhment receiv’d a Mulatto, who endeavor’d to fire two ofthe Eol-
landers beft Ships in the Haven. ) :
Notwithftanding thefe Punifhments, the Soldiers ran away daily, the blame
whereof might juftly be laid on the Magiftrates, who took no notice of the Soldiers
juft Complaints of their Officers, cheating them of a third part of their Pro-
vilion, and inflicting feyere Punifhments upon them as Mutineers, when they had
real caufe of Complaint. a ¥
_ Schuppe was at the fame time fhrewdly put to it for want of Men, whio either
dy’d of the then reigning Difeafe, or ran away to the Enemy ; fo that he-was fore
ced to leave the Ifland Tuperica, and inclofe himfelf within hisnew rais’d Sconce.
Admiral The Admiral Bankert had better fuccefs ; for Cruifing up and down before the
Bankert gains
a great Vi- Inlet Todos los Santtos, after the taking and finking of feveral Ships as they came in
thePera his, way, he at lat fet upon che Portuguefe Fleet, confifting of feyen great:Ships, of
guefe Fleet. : | 4
which one got to St. Salyador, ‘another was funk, and the other five wete taken, bes
ing valu’d at twenty Tuns of Gold, or 2000001, Sterl. In this Engagement were
kill’d above four hundred Portuguefes, befides two hundred and fifty who were ta-
Ken Prifoners, and fent Shackled to Ryciffa. Amongft them was the new: Vices
Roy of Brafile, the Admiral, Vice-Admiral, three Monks, and feveral other Per-
fons of note. |
Marfhal This Vistory began topive fome Breath to Reciffa, when at the fame time Mar-
Hous arrives
atReif {hal lous atriv’d there with {even Ships;*Mann‘d with five hundred Soldiers. This
Supply. § Fdous on the feventeenth of Augufi, Anno 1645. had been taken Prifoner
at the Ens
genho, having fought fo long cill all his Powder was {fpent, fo that he was forc’d to
furrender himfelf upon promife of Quarter to Vidal,who after he had taken an Oath
upon the Bible, to {patethe Lives of all the Hollanders and Brafilians, fell upon the
Brafilans and flew them, being abundred in all, in Cold-blood, who yet fold their
Lives at no eafie rate. Being carry’d Prifoner, together with Captain Briftow, Liftry,
Wild/chut, Blar, and two hundred more, by Viera to Cafa de Prugar, he was
thence
fentto Portugal, where being releas’d, be brought News to the States of the mean
Condition of the We/t-India Company, and that all things muft needs be loft, if they
did not {peedily take the Bufinefs into Confideration: Whereupon he was fur-
nifh’d with a Supply of Shipsand Men, with whichhe fet Sail for Brafile , where
being arriv’d, moft part of the Soldiers he brought with him were Tranfported to
Taperica, to-afift Schuppe ; who as foon as they came to him, march’d into the
Coun-
trey ; where being fet upon by a thoufand Portuguefes, he loft fixty Men.
Soon after Hloogenftraet receiving Orders from the Governor of St: Salvador, who .
was inform’d by fome Prifoners, that Schuppe had not above twelve hundred fight-
ing Men, to fallupon him with three thoufand, made a furious Affault upon the
. - Sconce
Chap. VIL AME RAC 589
Sconce in two places, and Storming the famé for two hours together, loft fout
hundred Men, which made him draw off alittle before Day-break. |
Inthe interim nine Privateers, fitted out by fevéral Merchants of Holland and
Zealand, came to Cruife up and down before the Coaft of Brajile ;which, the States
the rather allow’d of, becaufe the We/t-India Company was notable to fend any
more Supplies thither : Nor was it long erethey took five: Portagne/e Prizes, and
afterwards (joyning with Bankert) four more laden full of Sugar, inthe Haven: Tos
dos los Sanétos, where they threw a hundred and twenty Portague/e; and fifty revolted
Hbllanders overboard. - ,
Recifa being at that time reduc’d to very great traits; ‘earneftly inplor’d Aid
from the States, but to little purpofe, by reafon of the Differences among{t them-
felves, which hapned upon this occafion : The Spanifh King by his Agent in the
Flagne made Overtures of Peace, and proffer'd to fall upon the Portugue/e in Brafile :
to which Propofition, whenas the reft of the States {eem’d,inclinable, thofeofZea-
land would no ways hearken, being refoly’dto have nothing to do with Spain. The the Council
news of this Diffention exceedingly perplex’d the Council. at Reciffa, {pecially adRetiffa over

when to that news was added, that Bankert, the onely terror to the Enemy at Sea, torepretene 4
elfencers

the fad condi-

was Commanded home by the States of Zealand, which yet the General States ferictly sion of the
_forbad. ‘Whereupon they thought fit to fend one of their Affembly to the Hague, Place

to make the States acquainted with the miferable Condition of Brafile, and to Expo-
ftulate with them for their infenfibilicy of their Condition, and to let them under-
ftand, that ten thoufand Men would not reftore Brafile to its former Condition :
Every one ftrove to be the Meffenger of thefe fad tydings, but efpecially their Pre-
fident Schonenbergh wifh’d it might behis lot to leave the unhappy .Countrey, of
Brafile; but becaufe his departure would not have been without great murmuring
of the People, Haeks was fent in his ftead. Together with him went Hinderfon (who
was if ‘no efteem fince the Deftrudion on Rio Grande;) they both Embarqu’d on
Bankert’s Ship and five others, which in ftead of being laden with rich Commodi-
ties, and ballafted with Sugar, as heretofore, were fraught with.difcontented Sea-
men, decrepid and fick Soldiers, unferviceable Jews, poor Travellers, Portuguefe
Prifoners, and onely ten Weeks Provifions; whereas all other Veflels at their Re-
turn from @Brafile us'd to have Provifion for three Moneths, which at this time
‘could not be {par’d. ‘The Council alfo made Orders what Perfons fhould go with
the fore-mention’d Ships, viz. None but thofe whofe Names were written in the
Lifts which had ftuck fix Weeks at every Church Door, that by thatmeansno Cre-
ditor might {uffer by his Debtors going away, nor any Criminal efcape his defer-
ved punifhment. Bankert had fcarce been aWeek at Sea, when he dy’d of the Palfie: Bankert's
Death and
he was a Man, who for his valiant Exploits was from a Fore-maft Man preferr’d Character.

to be Captain ; which Office he perform’d with great Prudence and Valor. ;, but
that which firft made him moft eminently taken notice of,, was his Engaging with
thirteen Dunkirkers, of which he funk three, and being boarded by three more, and
fit’d at by the reft, he refus’d to furrrender his Ship on promife of Quarter, but
plac’d his eldeft Son with a lighted Match in the Powder-room, commanding him
on pain of Death to blow up the Ship with the three Dunkirkers as foon as he gave
the Word ; which valorous Refolution fo amaz’d the Enemy, that they let him go.
He alfo behav’d himfelf bravely in the Downs againft the Spanifh Admiral Oquendo.
' His two Sons that were prefent when he gaye up the Ghoft, would nor have his
‘Body thrown overboard, notwithftanding it ftunk fo intolerably, that all the Pro-
vifions in the Ship were tainted by it; therefore taking out his. Entrails, they
Salted the Body, wrapt it up in four Sail-cloths,and nailing the fame up in a.pitchy
Hhh 3 Cheft,
 590 AMERICA, Chap. VII.
Chek, bury’d it under the Ballaft. Mean while the Fleet approaching the |
Flemmifh Ules, was furptis’d by a tertible Storm, in which the Vice-Admiral’s ‘old
butmoft of the People were fav'd.
Ship fplit afunder, Between Calice and Dover -
they met with eight Offenders, againft whom they madethemfelves ready to Fight ;
but they, according to the King of Spain's Order, inftead of Hoftilicy fhew’d them
Friendfhip. All their Provifions were {pent, when they happily Anchor’d. before
Flufbing, where Bankert’s Body was Inters’d with great Solemnity.
In the interim the United Netherlands had fitted out another Fleet to affift Reciffa,
the We/t-India Company having firft demanded of the King of Portugal two hundred
and eighty Tuns of Gold; to the value of which chey affirm’d themfelves to have
- been damag’d by the Infurrection of the Portuguefe. On the other fide, the King of
Portugal was in a quandary about the Bufinefs of Brafile ;for firfty he had no other
thoughts but that Brajile would have fall’n into his hands within the {hace of three
Moneths, béecaufe che Plot there was fo fubtilly laid; meicher did Ire-think the States
would have conicern’d themfelves with the We/t-India Companies Bufinefs, which
now it was manifeft they did. Befides this,chere was athird Inconvenience, viz. that
Overeiresofthe Spanifh Crown endeavor’d to conclude a Peace with the United Netherlands ;
theForm wherefore that he might put a ftop to the fending of the Fleet to Brafile,he dealt with
bythe ae- he French Atibaflador to make very advantageous Proffes in his behalf, viz: That
he would furtender all the conquer’d Places, and make good allthe Damages that
had been fuftain’d thereby. The Fleet appointed to go to Brafile was hereupon ftopt,
till the States had Confulted aboutan An{wer on the fore-mention’d Propofitions;
but when Aueks brought news of the falfhood of the Portuguefe, the Scale was im-
mediately turn’d, infomuch that the Portuguefe Ambaflador went in danger of his
Life, till the Mutineers were put into Cuftody. Moreover the Fleet. was order’d
to Sail with allfpeed poffible to Reciffa, with promife that another Fleet fhould
foon follow with fix thonfand Men, but the many difconfolate tydings that: had
been brought of late, of the hardfhips and fufferings of thofe that went before,
through the unwholfomnefs of the Climate, the want of Provifions, the Strength.
and Cruelty of the Enemy, made the Seamen and Soldiers very unwilling to go fo
fatala Voyage, infomuch that as many as could, made their efcape: yet at laft, on
the laft day of December, Anno 1647. the Fleet fet Sail under the Command of
Cornelifxoon de Wit ; fome Weeks before which Schuppe was forc’d to defert: the Iland
Taperica, to goand aid Reciffa, which the Portuguefefrom a rais’d Battery.on the
other fide of the River Biberibi {hot at fo inceflantly, that none were fafe either in
their Houfes or in the Streets. |
Mean while the Portuguefe Agent, Francifco de Soufa Continbo, proffer’d the States
to go to Brafile himfelf, and caufe to be reftor’d all thofe Places which had been tas
ken from the Weit-India Company, particularly the City St. Salvador and Tercera, bee
fides Reparation for all other Damages. ; |
Grove Man: At the fame time Grave Maurice was Treated with to go to Brafile again, but his
g
~ Demands were fo high, that it came to nothing; for he requir’d 4000 /, yearly to
fpend at his Table, and 50001. befides during his Life ; alfo 2000 /. to fet him our,
and twelve thoufand Men to Befiege St. Salvador, which was always guarded by
four thoufand, and thirty Carvels lay ready before Lisbon to carry four thoufand
more thither. — | :
angle and Al things went very ill on the Hollanders fide at this prefent ; for befides that the
eee: foreemention’d Fleet had not its with’d fuccefs, moft of the Men being deftroy’d
by the immoderate Heat.of the Climate, Angola and Loando were alfo taken by the
Portugue/e.
Thele
Chap. VII, “vA MERIC A. sor.
Thete, Misfortunes made the W/t-India Company begin to be very forward
to. come toa Treaty with the Portugue/e Agent, who before feem’d rather to court
them, having offer’d to. Engage for the reftoration of whatever they poffefs’d at
that time, when the ten years Peace was concluded ; but when they came to infift
upon that Point, he anfwer’d, That he muft expect new Orders from
Lisbon cons
cerning: Leando, becaufe the taking of that Place caus’d an alteration in the ftate
of Affairs. But the States no way fatisfi’d with Delays, that were like to prove both
hurtful and difgraceful, refolv’d to put into’ Execution what they had before
agreed
upon, viz» The Eaft+India Company was impower'd to make Prize of all Portuguefe
Ships towards the payment of the fifteen Tuns of Gold ordain’d for the WeftsIndia
Company, to help them againft the Portuguefe Oppreffion. The Weft-India Com-
pany alfo receiv'd Commiffions to Cruife for Portuguefe Velfels before Brafile.
On the feventeenth of February, Anno 1649. three thoufand Soldiers that came Schappe
suid]
over in the fore-mention’d Fleet, befides two hundred Negro’s, and as many Sea- by,defeared
men, marching to Befiege Gararapes under the Command of Schuppe and Coche were Beicgng
fo.furioufly fet upon by the Sallying Enemy, that they were forc’d to break up the
Siege in great diforder, whileft the Portuenc/e being in number two thoufand five
hundred, fell upon the Rere ; and though the Dutch Officers us’d all the care they
could poffible to bring their Men to face about, yet they were not able to keep
them fromrunning away; in which flight great flaughter of them was made by
the Portuguese Horfe, confifting of a hundred and thirty, Arm’d with Lances, info-
much that inthe flight and the purfuit, a thoufand Netherlanders were flain, and
nineteen Enfigns or Colours were left behind as Trophies for the Portuguefe; the
chief of the Slain were Colonel Brink and Houteryve.
The Zealanders were much concern’d at the im profperous Affairs of Brafile,in ree
gard a fifth part of the We/t-India Companies Stock belong’d to Middleburg, Flufhing,
and Veer, infomuch that the Complaints of Widows and Orphans that fhar’d inthe
common lofs, mov’d the States to fit out fix great Ships, and as many Ketches,
Mann’d with two thouland eight hundred Men, for Brafile, where all things ran
to,ruine, the Grandees both of the Council,Army, and Fleet, being at variance, and
impeaching one another.
‘The reft.of the Provinces, efpecially Friefland, being lefs inclin’d to the Weft-India
Company, were fomewhat colder in the purfuit of this Bufinefs , neverthelefs, up-
ona frefh Letter of Complaint from Walter Schonenbergh, Prefident of the Brafilian
Council, they held a Confultation together, how to raife Moneys for the fitting
out of twenty Ships and five Ketches for the Relief of Brajile.
~The Admiral De Wit returning home, was, upon the accufation of the Council
in Brafile, and the General, Sigi/mond Schuppe, made Prifoner in the Hague , and tos
gether with him the other five Captains that went with him were Committed by
the Admiralty, for returning without the Confent of the Council ; but they were
foon releas’d by the Magiftrates of Amfterdam, who upon the Admiralties refufing
to deliver them, commanded their Provoft-Marfhal to break open their Prifon
Doors. De Wit after his Releafement juftifi'd what he had done before a full AC iywe te
fembly of the States, and alledg’d that it was according to the Orders he receiv’d Prifoa, jut
when he undertook this Expedition. | tim,
The Portuguefe Agent, Soufa Macede, obtaining Audience of the States, told them
how ready the King his Mafter had beento come to a perfeét Agreement of Peace
with them, but that their own Aéts of Hoftility had been the occafion of the breach
of that Treaty of Peace that had been concluded on ; that the Robberies and Infos
lencies committed by thofe Portuguefes under their Jurifdiction, was not any way
ae : | ve authoris’d
 AMERICA. Chap. VI}.
authoris’d or countenanc’d by him, laftly, he offer’d them free Trade to Brafile,
eighty Tun of Gold to the Weft-India (ompany, 800000 lL, ‘to the Orphans and Wi.
dows in Zealand, and payment of. all private Debts. But making no mention of
-reftoring the Places in Brafile, he feem’d to mock the States; whoirefented it fo
much, that they would admit of no farther Conference with him.
Mean while the We/t-India Companies Bufinefs in Brafile went daily more and
more to ruine, infomuch that in the Year 1654, they loft all their Forts and Places
of Strength and Habitation, and amongft them Reciffa, the chief Refidence of the
Schuppe,
Haeks, and
Council of Brafile, who returning home, brought nothing but a doleful Relation
Schonenbergh,
declare the ,
of their unfortunate Proceedings. .Schuppe, Haeks, and Schonenbergh, made each of
‘Reafons of
the lofs
them a long Oration, fetting forth the fad Condition of the Place, and the Miferies
of
Reciffiz,
they had endur’d along time before they left it; alfo excufing their total quitting
thereofto the Enemy by the great want of Provifions. and other Supplies, which
they fo often had written for in yain,at leaft receiv'd fhort of what their’ Necefiities
requir'd, and by the Clamours of theSoldiers, who were ready upon all occafions
to Mutiny or Revolt, as appear’d by their crying out upon the difcovery of a Fleet
of Portuguefe upon the Coaft, Bebold our Deliverers from the Netherlanders\Tyramiy .
laftly, by the growing Power of their Enemies, whichthey could not have refifted,
though they themfelves had been much ftronger than they were. 4
But the We/t- India Company fenfibly touch’d at the thoughts of their Loffes, were
not fatish’d with the Relation of Schonenbergh, Hacks, and Schuppe, but requir’d'a
Journal of every days TranfaGtions, or Teftimonies to confirm the truth of their
Relation :_ They alfo demanded an Account of the Condition of the Store-houfes
_ when Reciffa was furrendred, and fell upon.them, with feveral Interrogatories, viz.
Why the Fort 4fogados was forfaken 2. Why the Garrifons were not drawn in from
the North to Reciffa ?Why they did not keep footing onthe Land, ‘and guard
thofe Places they had left when Reciffa was loft? Why they made fuch ado for
want of Provifions and Ammunition to difhearten the People 2?Why the Money
proffer’d by feveral Citizens was not taken 2 Why they did not burn the’ Enemy’s
Fleet, fince, according to the opinion of feveral,. it might eafily have been done ?
How they could teftifie the Sedition of the Soldiers, fince none of their Comman
-
ders complain’d of it? Whether they us’d any Means to encourage the Befieged ?
Who did,and whodid not confent to the Surrender? Whether nobetter Terms could
They are
have been made ? Infine,they prevail’d with the States to fecure Schonenbergh, Haeks,
try’d at a
Council of
and Schuppe, in their Houfes, and on the ninth of September, Anno 1654. brought
War. them before a Council of War in the Fagne, where the chief things objeéted againft
them were, That the Portugue/e had gotten by the Conqueft of Reciffa, above two
hundred Brals Guns, moft of them Demi-Culverins,
and four hundred Iron Guns,
valu’d together at ten hundred thoufand Rixdollars ; That the Store-houfes were
{ufficiently ftock’d with Provifion and Ammunition; Thatthey took care to fe
cure their own Goods, but left what belong’d to the Weft-India Company as a Prey
to the Enemy. Mint es On
Their Pleas. Schuppe on his part allede’d, that-he could do nothing of himfelf, as being under
the Command of the Brafilian Council. Haeks and Schonenbergh pleaded the want
of Men, by reafon of the many that daily dropt from them, either by'Death of
Defection, to the Enemy, and thofe that remain’d, unfafe to be trufted, as confift
-
ing of fo many different Nations. .alfo their being block’d up at the Sea
by the
Portuguefe Fleet, the great want ef Ammunition, efpecially Inftruments of Fortifie
cation; laftly, the head-fttong Refolutions of the Soldiers, to deliverup the
Place,
whatever their Officers fhould determineto the contrary ; notwithftanding which,
: ’ to
4
 Chap. VI. == - eA MERICA. is:
to fhew that it was not quitted upon difadvantageous terms, they
produc’d the —
Articles of Agreement upon which it was furrendred to Franci{co, Gover
nor of
Pernambuco. In conclufion, the Council of War pafs’d their Sentence on Schuppe
, str con-
viz, That he fhould lofe all the Sallary that was due to him from the Weft-In
dia Cota
War10of
Ll
Company fince the twenty fixth of January 1654. when he Sign’d the Agree
ment 4 Salary.
with Baretto for the delivering up of Reciffa.
Thus the Portuguefe recover’d full and abfolute pofleffion of Brafile, yet notwith-
out feat of an afterclap of War ; wherefore the Portuguefe Agent, upon condit
ion of
an abfolute Peace to be concluded, proffer’d the States General in the Hague
, Satisfa-
ction for the Damages which the Weft-India Company had fuftain’d in
Brajile,
eighty Tun of Gold, a free T'rade to Brafile, and payment of
the Debts due to them
from feveral Portuguefes in Brafile ; but roldthem, chat to furren
der them any Places
there, was not in the power of the Portuguefe Crown. Onthe other-fide, the Spa
niard. proffer’d to affift them in the total Conqueft of Brafile, and to reftore
them
thofe Places they formerly poffefs’d, as foon:as they had fubdu’d the Portuguese
; to
which the Zealanders began to hearken, who being great Lofers by the Portuguefes
Treachery, with’d for nothing more than Revenge ; but Holland having a great
Trade to Portugal, was more inclin’d to Peace: Whereupon His Majefty of great
Britain proffer’d himfelf to be Mediator between the Portuguefe Crown and the
United Netherlands ;and-accordingly on the fixth of Augufi, Anno 1661. a Peace was
concluded with Portugal on bheleTerms :

I. That Portugal was to pay to the Unired Netherlands eighty Tun of Gold, either
in Arricles of
ready Money, Sugar, Tobacco, or Salt, or deduct the fame out of the Cuftoms payable in the Sem Siriaas
Portugaele Harbors, : | f anandae
fal th
) Il. That the Guns on Reciffa were to be reftor'd to the Welt-India Company. therlands,

MII... That the Salt-Trade at St. Uves and other Places under the Portuguefle Jurifdiétion,
whether in Africa or Brafile, fhould be granted tothe Netherlands, paying the Cuftoms as the
Portuguefe do.them/felves, » |
TV. That the conguer’d Places gotten on both fides, fhould remain in the hands of the pre-
fent Poffeffors. _ |
V. That the King of Portugal should not lay an Embargo on any Netherland Veffel, on
any pretence Whatfoever, though they fhould carry all manner of Ammunition to bis Enemies, pro-
vided it were not out of any of the Portuguefe Havens. >
VI. That no Nechetlander fhould ever be call’d before any Fudge-about, any Difference in
Religion, but fhould have freedom thereof granted him, either in his Efoufe or Ship, and alfo
a convenient Burying-place, | | | 7 |
VIL. That ifany Difference fhould chance to arife between Portugal and the Netherlands,
they fhould not extend it to prejudice the Trade, but every Merchant fhould be free to call in bis
Debts, and fend Ships without hinderance.
VILL. That this prefent Agreement fhould not be broken by any Mifdemeanors atted by any
Subjeéis, either in the Eaft or WefteIndies, who were to be punifh'd by their lawful Judges.
IX. ‘That the Havens belonging to both Parties were to be free for either Men of War or
Merchant-Men. 2 |
X. That the Netherlanders Trading in Portugal, might 20 Arm’d, take Houfes and
Store-houfes. \- |
XI... That the Goods laden in an Enemy’s Ship might be declar’d free Prize.
XII. That the Portuguefe in Brafile fhould pay their Debts which they ow’d to the Wekt-
India Company, or any other Perfon or Perfons , to which purpofe three appointed CommifSioners
were to Sit at Lisbon, to hear and determine the (aufes that fhould be brought before them, and
: | without
 594 AMERICA. Chap.. VII.
without the ufual Circumftances, pafs their Sentence, which was to be Executed by a higher
Power. oe

A few days after this Agreement was concluded, the Portuguefe Ambaflador,
Henrico Soufa Tovares, went for Lisbon, where he arriv’d on the laft day of September.
- Guvingen ‘ Not onely Guelderland and Zealand, were much diffatisfi’d with this Agreement,
her . . > . :
iierore but alfo Groningen accus'dtheir Deputy Schulenbergh, that contrary to Orders he had
Mth Penee Deen too forward in concluding the Peace with Portugal, and that he had con-
with Portu-
gal,andco™ fented to. that which the States of Groningen had not permitted him ; for they re-
ines folv’d to make Peaceon no other account, but thar Portugal fhould pay the eighty
Tun of Goldin ready Money, and that in a fhort time ; whenas on the contrary,
he had allow’d of the payment in Merchandile,. and that ina longtime. Where.
fore the States of Groningen (who for this Fa& and feveral Accufations brought
againft Schulenbergh, condemn’d him to be Beheaded, which Sentence had been Exe-
cuted upon him; had he nor made his Efcape) together with thofe of Omeland, and
others, who difapprov’d of the Peace concluded with Portugal, drew up many Rea
fons why they diffented, and look’d upon it as both difhonorable and difadvanta-
geous; however, the Articles being Sign’d, and the States General, taking into cons
fideration how impoffible a Work it would have been to have gone about to ree
new-a War with the Portuguefe in Brajile, being at that time in firm pofleffion of
all, and that for the Intereft of a few, in refpeé of the whole Common: wealth,
they were forc’d to reft fatisfi'd, and together with the Weft-India Company, to fit
down with the lofs of thofe Places in Brafile, which had coft fo much Blood and
Treafure to gain. ) : : |
The wee Neverthelefs the We/t-India Company put in a Memorial at the Hague, of all that
pases
Mee had been done by them from time totime, wherein they themfelves had been ereat
rerin Sufferersand , the Common-wealth very much advantag’d, as namely, That at firft
a they put in a Stock of feventy four Tun of Gold, fent out divers Fleets under the
Admirals Willekens, John Dirk{/zxoon Lam, Boudewyn; Elenvitk/xoon, Peter Hein, Adrian
Pater, Henrick Lonk, Dirk Uitgee/t, Peter Ita, Loos, Cornelis Houte-been, Lichthart, Bankert,
and others, at feveral times, which had much weakned the Spanifh Power, to the
great advantage of the United Netherlands, becaufe the Spaniard was not onely forc’d
to difperce his Power to defend America, but alfo loft great Riches on the Coaft
thereof, which being the Sinews ofhis War, prevented him from oppreffing that
State ; That totheir lofs they fuffer'd their Forces to ftop the Enemy, when he broke
into the Veluwe, at that time when the United Netherlands feem’d to hang by a filken
Thred ; That it would probably have been the ruine of Holland, if the mighty Spa-
nifh Fleet which Engag’d with Martin Tromp in the Downs, had been affifted by fixty
fix Sail, which La Torre was fore’d to fend to the Coaft of Brafile, againft the Weft
India Company ; That this Companies Concern was fo great a Nurfery of Mari-
ners inthe Year 1629. that they had above a hundred Ships at Sea,and fifteen thou-
fand Men in their Service ; which the United Netherlands confidering, and judging
that Charge too great for the Com pany to maintain, had refolWw’d to contribute a
certain Sum towards it yearly, which had not yet been paid ; which made them
take up Money upon Intereft, and put in a Supply of thirty Tun of Gold for the
payment of the fame ; That the Expedition of Henrick Brewer to Chili had put them
very much behind-hand, becaufe the Enemy having notice ofit, fecur’d himfelf,
yet was often terrifi’d with ic; for Brewer having found out a Way to go from Re-
ciffa to the Province of(bili in two Moncths, and accordingly to do great mifchief
to the Spanifb Power, whole Riches lay bare all along the South Sea, this and
_ many
 Chap. Vif. AMER EC «A. 505
‘many other things fore’d to make that honorable Peace with the Netherlands, con-
cluded on in Munfler, Anno 1648; That their Loffes, computed and deliver’d in
to the States General, amounted to fixty fix Tun of Gold, and forty three thou-
fand two hundred and ninety Guilders, which forc’d them to take up Money to
pay Intereft for what they had before, yet that they ftill kept fifty great Ships at
Sea, and were refolv’d to profecute their Trade with frefh vigor, as foon as Satis- |
faction fhould be given from the Portuguefe Crown, as was promis’d them in the ‘
' Articles of Agreement, and they could obtain of their Lordfhips, to have their
Patent prolong’d fora confiderable time ; That they were ftill indebted to thofe
Orphans and Widows who furnifh’d them with Money to fet out their Forces,
which in the firft twelye years did the Spaniard fo much hurt, that the Damage is
reckon’d to amount to one thoufand one hundred and eighty Tun of Gold.
Thefe things being taken into confideration by the States General, they granted
the Company their Requeft, and gave them a new Patent, by virtue of which they
now Trade to Africa and the (aribbee-Iflands, fince they were forc’d to quit all they
had poffefs’d in Brafile. .

SECT. ell

The Fourney a Rodulphus: Baron, with the Defcription of the

uftoms and Manners of the Tapuyans. © ~~~
Paes Baron,tomake a.Dilcovery of the Countrey, upon the Encourage-
| _,ment of Grave Maurice, who allow’d him to that purpofe a yearly Reve-
“1 ue, undertook a semarkable Journey,,accompany'’d with three Tapuyans ;
who going outof the Village \Caneri. without any ftore:of Provifions, left the Moun-
tains (upaeva on the right-hand, and went feventy Leagues into the Countrey,
without meeting with any People, onely he found one Mountain of Fofsile Glafs ,
from whence he went Southward tothe Villages of the Waripebares and Caripati, who
- shaving courteoufly Entertain’d him, appointed certain Perfons to accompany him
from one Village to another, with Orders co (Complement Grave Maurice, who fent
them home with feveral Gifts,
The Waripebares and Caripati inhabit fourteen Villages on the Mountains which
Bound Brafile Weftward, live by Hunting and Fifhing, eat wild Honey and all
manner of Fruit, and maintain continual Wats againfta mighty People which ins
habit the Weftern Plains.
As for the Tapayans, they range up and down between the Rivers Grande, Quoan- The Cuitoms
gubo, Ocioro, Upameoma, and Voiroguo, without having any fetled Abodes ; they are a oftheZepa
ftrong People, ftern of Countenance, and black Hair'd : In ftead of Circumcifing
their Children, they cut them, which is done after this manner : The Priefts hand
on a row, Dancingand Singing, whileft one of them {wings the Child round about
his Head before all the Multitude, and then runs away with it ; at laft returning,
fets it in his Lap, whileft another Prieft cutting a Hole in the Ears and Lips
thereof, putsilittle Bones into the fame, and the Mother cries and howls after a
terrible manner. At thefe Ceremonies, which end with Dancing and Singing,
their King is always prefent. 7 i
The Virgins are kept by their Parents till the Mothers perceive them to have
their Monethly Courfes, which they immediatély reveal to the Priefts, who ac-
quaint the King therewith, before whom the Maid, being Painted red, is brought ;
whom having {moak’d with Tobacco, he throws an Arrow at a Garland, which
. | fhe
 AMERICA,
_

fhe wears on her Head, and if he chatices to hitit, he gives her his Be
licking certain parts of her Body, from which fhe h

their After-birth.
Adultery is free for Men, but if Women be ta
they are immedi-
ately put to Death. i 4 i
After they have done Soweing and Planting, the King calls all his People and
Subjects together, and appearsto them hung round with Garlands
;
them have their Bodies Painted and ftuck full of divers colour’d Feathers.and all of
pee kind The Priefts when they go about to foretel future Events,either
Sing or Pipe,and
fication. at the {ame time hold up their Heads towardsthe Skie, and
Mand gazing, as if they
Jaw fome:ftrange Vifion in the Air ; on fome of their Backs
hangs a Bundle of
Oftriches Feathers ;fome throw Feathers in the Air, to fee which
way the Wind
blows. ‘When the Waters overflowing Brafile did mucli harm,
Anno 1641. the
Priefts being Confulted, ‘brought forth the King’s Calabafh, in which
lay their fa
cred Stones call’d Cobuterak and Tit{cheyouh, and began to Dance
and Sing’; next fix
» Priefts were plac’d ina row, which were to Prognofticate':
whereupon the
firft
“taking up a/Stone, faid, ‘The Netherlanders have given Battel
to thofe in St. Salva-
dor, but are now about an Agreement : The fecond’ held up
a Bloflom of Indian
Wheat, and foretold that there would be plenty of that
Grain’! The third holding
a white Pebble-ftone, promis’d ftore of Milk = The fourth grafp’d
a Stone like
Bread, telling them that the Countrey fhould produce much
Bread: The fifth
holding up a Bowe and Arrow hung full of Feathers, cry'd aloud,
This is a Gift of
the Angels, Birds fhall flie thicker than thefe Feathers hang together’:
“The fixth, having a
lump of Wax, foretold that there would be plenty of Honey’
made by the Bees
that year.
They worfhip the Conftellation Urfa Minor.

They
 Chap.. VII AMER IC az. 597
They obferve a very ftrange way of Purging, for witha Stick they thruft fharp
Leaves down their Throats into their Stomach, which they turn fo long till they
vomit Blood.
In the Summer they haw 2 general Meeting for Wreftling, and other Exercifes, api
which lafts three days. The Wreftlets are ftrangely attir’d’; for they are all over!
their Bodies befet with divers forts of Feathers, and in head of Boots or Buskins,
wearthe Barks of Trees about their Legs ; heii Hair befmear’d with Homey, ‘an | |
ty’d ina Tuft, hangsdown behind, on their Crowns they wear a Plume of #Fea- a
thers, about ahicktNecks a Band or Goiget of Feathers; at their Arms they tie’the
———

Wings of the Birds Kobitub, and on their Backs a green Bough ; their whole Bo- 7=~_ ———
-~

dies Painted with divers Colours, and their Hair all Red :Thus accoutred, they
Engage one with another, andif chére bean old Grudge between them, then they nt
ee
ee
ee
ce

Fight in earneft, and-alia kill one another : The Vi@or with Rraripe Actions
upbraids the Vanquifh'd with Cowardile, and ever after enjoys his Wife and
Children.-
SSS
..aNrt.

They eat the Serpent Manuab, being four Yards long, and-on the Tail having a
Horn, which with a pufh it chriifte into Man or Beaft, as it lights, then winds it
felf abaue the Body, and fucks till ichath fuck’d the laft drop. of Blood. ——~ome-

Here are alfo Serpents which are fo-poyfonous, that the leaft Wound receiv ‘dby
them is mortal, unlefs the part bitten be either im mediately cut out, or off. ——
——
a
aa
nn
ut
—"-
-— -

The Priefts cut the deceafed Bodies into pieces, which are vealted by old Wo-
men); the Bones are.taken out, and at the next publick ‘Feaft are ftamp’d, mix’d
del Water, and Drank: But the Bodies of Noblemen are to be eaten bynone
but Perfons of that Rank.
They alfo Crown their Kings after a. firange manner, viz. The Priefts, who are Ti mai
béfet with:Feathers, anoint him with {weet-{melling Oyl, or Balfam, <a put ning “ai
Crown of divers colour’d Feathers onjhis Head, after which they all fall a Singing e
and 'Dancing; but ifany one happen to {peak a word of the deceafed King, they all
begin to howl and cry... The Bangs: Authority confifts more in Advifing than rd
rer
ee
SS
aie
ree
ne
————
="

Commanding.
They! believe thatthe Souls of thofe who die a scantial Death are immor- Theit Opi’
tal; but thofe thatare: kill’d by their Enemies, devour’d by ravenous Beafts, or nirg
theSout
oyfo d, ate’totally cxtinguifh’d both Soul and Body for ever. They fay likee
wife thatHell is Weftwatd near'a dark Pool, where the Devil Examines every
Soul how they liv’d on Earth, and what Death they dy’d, the Good are Ferry’d
over to aodelightful Valley, ahem there is plenty of Fifh ; Honey, and Flefh; but
the Wicked are miferably tormented.
The Natives live peaceably amongft themfelves, their Law being for thofe that
have not, to ask, and for thofe that have, to give. :
They never Travel inthe Night for fear of Serpents and other ravenous Beafts,
_neither do they go any whither till the Sun-has dry’d up the Dew.
King -Janduy before-mention’d, being above a hundred years of age, defir’d the N87
Prince rokFuckers fair Daughter to Wife, but being deny’d, contriv’d a. fubtil Plot, "'*
viz. he invited Jucker, with his Courtiers, to a Wreftling ;whither he coming with
his whole Train, was earneftly minding the Sport, when a confiderable number of
Janduy’s Women falling upon Jucker’s Men, deftroy’da great many of them, and got
the defir’d Maid for Janday, who at that time had fourteen Wives ‘and fixty Chil-
dren, but had formerly enjoy’d fifty Wives and Concubines.
Not onely amongf{t the Tapuyans, but generally amongft the reft of the Brafilians, Thsic Arms.
their Arms are great Clubs call’d. Tacapes.;.alfo fharp Darts, and {trong Bowes
lii call’d
 AMERICA. Chap. VII.

é rn a Wi
. AW 2
mS: Wi p=

a IN AE Al
pm.

as ~~ t-

call’d Orapares, with pee which are made of the Skin of a Beaft call’d Tapi-
rouffous.
The Women wear long Chains of Snail-fhells, which hang down over their
Shoulders ; their Faces are Painted with divers colour’d Rings, furrounded with
Specks ; Aiedt Necks and Arms they adorn with Necklaces and Armlets of little
Bones: They carry their Husbands Provifions in time of War.
Their Army they order by blowing on the Horn Inubia; others play on Mens
Bones kill’d a little before :for going by Water they ufe ee made of the Barks of
Trees, each whereéf being able to carry fifty Men, go exceeding fwift: The
fttongelt Men always march before, and as ‘many asthey take, whether Men, Woe
men, or Children, they are all kill’d and roafted in their Bowiane: ;
Their Villages confift of Houles of eighty, ninety, or a hundred Paces long ;
thofe that lie near the Enemy are fenc’d with Walls and Pallifado’s againft any
Their man-
Attempt. Their Field-Battels are very terrible ;for as foon as they get fight of one
ner of Fights another, they how! like Wolves; which Tone they raife as they approach nearer
ing.

and nearer, and with their Horas and Pipes make alfo a mighty found ; then fhae
king their former Enemies Teeth (which they wear about their Necks) atone anos
ther, they cry, That they /hall immediately fallinto each others hands for Food :whereupon
they throw their Darts at one another, which are adorn’d with all forts of Feathers,
and if any one be wounded, he pulls out the Dart, and bites the fame like a mad
Dog; next falling to their Clubs, they knock one anothers Brains out : which
manner of Fighting lafts commonly fome hours before the one or other Party leave
the Field. All their Prifoners they fatten, and eat them at a Merry-meeting ; at
which when they have Danc’d feven hours together, three Men lead the Prifoner,
ty’d with aRope made of the Bark of a Tree call’d Juira, through their Village,
whileft the Prifoner looking to and again, faith in a fcornful manner thus unto
them, You, do ye hear ? Ihave eaten your Fathers: and to others, I have roafted your Bro-
ther; your Nephew alfo tated very well ; my Death will be fufficiently reveny’d : Having
carry’d him about for fome time, they put the Rope fo ftrait about his Middle,
that
 Chap. VIL, - AMERICA ae 599
that he can neicher ftir one way nor other; then they give him Stones in his Hands,
and lay others‘at his Feet, faying, Now rake Revenge for your Death before you die: chen
he immediately throws. 4t thofe who are neareft-him ; and-when' Stones are wants
_ ing, he throws wich Eatth: at laft comes the Esiecusianell adotn’d with Feathers,
‘ witha black Club in his Hand, and asks, Hlavenot yon at feveral times eaten of our Re-
lations 2 to which the Suilaner undauncedly anfwers, Pa che tan tan, ajouca, atoupave,
that is, Yes, Tam‘ he that have éaten [everal of your People, and laying his Hands tipon
his Head, cries out, O bow valiantly did I bebave my felf therein! The Exccutioner re-
plies, And therefore railyou be kill’d'by-me, and ferve for Food for thefe Spectators :-Then
the Priforier anfwers again, What care I,:fince I know my Death will be reveng'd : which
faid, his Brains are dath’d out, and falling on the Ground, he is:carry’d away by
his Wife (for the Conquerot commonly betroths his Sifter or Daughter to the Pri-
foner,) who {eemingly bemoans the Body, of which fhe hath the firft Cit when
it is Drefs’d’, then the: old Women: put the Corps into fealding Water,:i, which
they let it:‘lietill the Skin comes off ;then the Owner of the Prifoner quartering
the Body, ‘diftributes it amongft the Guefts ; the. pieces. laid on theit Gridirons
call’d Boucans, are turn’d by the old orien; who lick up the Dripping, |defiring
the By:‘Randers to bring more fuch Food, and with the Blood anoint the Childrens
Faces ; the Meat being broyl’d every one takes auspicce, and eats it-up to the Bones,
Which: arekeptas Trophies.
‘The Brafilians do not onely thus plague one another; but they are likewife tor- an ere
mented by an evil Spirit, which they cafl Ayenan and Caagerrel, if credit may be gi- ancl Spi
ven to John Leerivs a Burgundian, who relates, that he hath often feen them (weat
out of fear; and ftriking their Hands upon their Thighs, cry out, Mair autouraffap,
acequerey, Aygnan atoupave, thatis, O my Fool, my Companion, Ifear the Devil above allEvils.
Amongft feveral Difeafes to which Brafile is {ubjecét, there is one call’d Pians, Difates, pe-
being as malignant as the French PO X, proceeding from libinoufnefs, the whole _
Body being full of Carbuncles, each about the bigne{s of aMan’s Thumb.
Strangers in Brafile are alfo pull troubled with a Giddinefs, occafion’d by the
extream Cold in the Night ; as alfo with with fore Eyes, Egy she get by soing
abroad before Sun-rifing, or after Sun-fetting.
The Palfie is alfo very commontthere, taking People fo fuddenly, that falling
down ftiff on the Ground, they are often in danger of lofing their Breach. |
Befides thefe there are feveral other Diftempers that very much infeft Bra/file, as
the Bloody- flux, Drophie, Rifing of the Gall, Worms, Meazles, and St. Anthony's
Fire.
The aged Brafilians have for the moft part great skill in Herbs, which they a+ Brafiians
ther in the Woods, and apply them tothe Sick both inwardly onl outwardly5caring of f:
and chiefly they know how to expel Poyfort None can perfwade them againft the conta
Medicines which they have learn’d from their Predeceffors ; nay, they will rather lige
chufe to lofe their Lives than ule any other:and indeed they donot always fucceed
amifs, but often manifeftthat they underftand the Vertue of Herbs better than our
arate Phyficians. The Learned Guilielmus Pifo relates, That hehath {cen feveral
times in the Army which Grave Maurice fentagain{t the Portugue/e in Brafile, that the
Brafilians in a fhort time cur’d thofe Wounds with frefh Gums and healing Herbs,
which the Netherland Chirurgeons judging paft Cure, prefently advis'd the cutting
off either the Arm or Leg of the wounded Perfon. °Pifo adds moreover, That he
himfelf us’d fome. of Hippocrates’s and Galen's Pre{criptions in Wine, for the curing
of Cancers and Swellings, which the Brafilians have made well onely with the Juice
of Tobacco. They alfo ina moment recover'd a Perfon given over by all Buropean
[ii 2 Phy (i.
 600 AMERICA. — . Chap. VIL.
of the Root call’d Jaborandi : wherefore he always de-
Phyficians, with the Juice
_ fir’d their Company when he went to vifit fick or wounded Men.
their mune» Phe Diftempers in America differ much from the European, not onely in the Signs
nerofuring of any Diftemper, but alfo in the Cure ; for when a Diftemper cannot be cur’d by
bewailingthe the prefcribed Medicines, a Father or Mother fends for the Neighbors, to know if
they can find any means to cure the Difeafe : which Cuftom was anciently _ob-
fery’d amongft the Greeks. They alfo ftriétly obferve a Rule in their Diet, and
take care to keep the Patient out of the Sun in the Day, and cold Winds in the
Night: however, iftheir Fathers and Mothers be fick, neverthelefs they leave not
off their ufual Dancing and Singing ; but if the fick Perfon die, efpecially a Father,
they lament and cry over the Corps like Wolves, calling to one another with a
quavering Voice, and uttering thefe Expreffions, The ftrong Man is deceas’d, who
carry’d fo many Prifoners for a brave Dinner to his Houfe. Ob what a quick Hunter and
fubtil Fifher hath Death bereav'd ws of ! we fhall fee him no more till our Souls are carry’d bes
yond. the high Mountains, where our valiant ‘Predeceffors Dance in Rings. The Women
make the greateft noife, and in the midft of their howling embrace one another,
which lafts fix hours, and then they put the Body upright into a Grave made like a
Hogfhead, hanging about it divers colour’d Feathers, ,and other things in which
the Deceafed delighted moft when living ; upon the Grave the neareft Relations
place Difhes of Meat, both Flefh and Fifh, and the Liquor Canon-in, that their evil
Spirit call’d Aygnan, may be reconcil’d by thefe Offerings, and not carry away the
Body ; but when they remove from thence they cover the Grave with the Herb
Pindo. This Cuftom is not obferv’d by all Brajfilians, for fome eat up their de-
ceafed Relations.

Sect. XIll. ;
Grave Maurice bis Account of Brafile, fofar as it concern'd
the Weft-India Company, |
Rafile, fo far as it concerns the West-India Company, extends from the River
Real, which divides Seregippa and the Lordfhip of St. Salvador, to. Maragnan :
Seregippa it {elf reaches along the Sea-Coaft thirty two Leagues, and was
firft brought under the King of Spain’s Jurifdition by Chriftovan de Barros Cardofo,
who being order'd by the King of Spaiz to Plant this new Countrey, invited many
People from St. Salvador, who built four Sugar-Mills, and a Town confifting of
a hundred Houfes, and four hundred Sheds for Cattel ; but the Town being de-
ftroy’d, hath nothing left but Heaps of Rubbifh ; and the Cartel either fell into the
Netherlanders hands, or were devour’d by Tygers ; the Inhabitants fled back to
: St. Salvador : Many troubles have prevented the re-building of ic.
Thefertility ‘Pernambuco may fox its fruitfulnefs ftand in competition with any Place in the
buco, World, except in thofe parts where the Soil is fandy and ftonie. The Fields
| feed abundance of excellent Cattel, the Woods, Deer and Fowl; the Ocean and
Rivers, all manner of good Fifh. Itis inhabited but eight Leagues into the Coun-
trey, becaufe the nearer the Sea, the more convenient it is for Importing and
Exporting of Goods ; neither could the Portuguefe, by reafon of their {mall number,
{pread themfelves farther, as alfo in regard they found great refiftance from the
‘Brafilians. The Negro’s that work in the Sugar-Mills between the River Grande
and Francifco, amount to four thoufand, The Cape Verde, Mina, Angola, Ardra, and
Calabaria, generally provide three thoufand in a year, to fupply the number of the
Sick, or thofe that run away. | |
Rg Sea ' SECT.
 “Chap. VI. AMERICA. Got
! y Sy XIV.

The Councellor Duffen’s Relation of{0 much of Brafile as concerns

ithe Welt-India Company.
ia part of Brajile which the Weft-India Company have fubdu’d by force of
Arms on the Continence of America, is divided into fix Counties; viz, Seres
Lippa, Pernambuco, Itamarica, Parayba, Rio Grande, and Siara. ye
The Expedition undertaken by Gyffeling and Schuppe made Serégippa defolate, the
Inhabitants wheof remov'd to the Coaft Todos los Sanétos. |
Alfo Siara, which the Portuguefe formerly poffels'd, was thinly inhabited, and
had’a mean Fortrefsthere, whither fome few Brajilians came now and then to the
Netherlanders affiftance. }
Pernambuco, lying between the Rivers Francifco and Tamarica, excells the other
Counttey in fruitfulnefs and pleafantnefs. The Brafilians compare it toa hollow
Rock, under which frefh Water flows.
Moreover, Pernambuco hath feveral Havens, viz. the outermoft Road before eae Cee
ciffa, which being in the open Sea, is fomewhat dangerous, but the innermott is
fecure againft all Storms ; alfo at the Promontory St. Auguftine, where the Mouth
of the Haven is narrow and dangerous,by reafon of the Rocksand fhallow Grounds,
the Ifland Alexio is very fit to'Crain Ships in, Barra Grande hath a large and f{afe
‘Inlet, convenient for-all.manner of Veffels, yer it is inferior to Cororipa ; \aftly, the
Havens Jaragoa and Franco are very eminent.
Amongft the Rivers, the chief are Jangades, Serinbain, Formofa, Porto (Calvo, Camae Rivets:
rigibi, Antonio, Michael, and Francifco. |
Pernambuco alfo is divided into fix Jurifditions , the firft and moft ancient is
Igarazu; the fecond and biggeft, Olinda; the third, Serinbain ; the fourth, Porto
Calvo ; the fifth, the Alagoas ; and the fixth, Rio Francifco, which is the Boundary
of Pernambuco on the South. | :
Pernambuco alfo boafts five Towns, viz. Garafu,. Olinda, Maurice-ftadt, to- which towns of
alfo belongs Reciffa, Bella Pojuca, and Formofa. The Villages Moribeca, St. Laurence,”
Antonio, Amaro, and others are alfo noc inferior to little Towns. oe Po
The Countrey is for the moft part Hilly, but is exceeding fruitful in the Val-
leys, and near the Rivers, efpecially in Sugar-Canes. ae :
Here are alfo.a hundred and twenty SugareMills, of which a great number ftand
fill for want of Negro’s. +i
Next Pernambuco lies Tamarica, which hath onely one Hayen, one City; and
twenty three Sugar-Mills, of which thirty are onely employ’d.’ This Ifland pro-
duces excellent Grapes and Melons, yet is for the moft part barren, by reafon of the
Pifmires. . )
The Countrey Parayba hath its Denomination from the River which wafheth
it, being deep, and without ay Rocks or Sands ; on the Banks thereof ftand twenty
Sugar-Mills, two of which are ftill landing, |
In the Lordfhip of Rio Grande ftands the Town Puntael, whofe Buildings were
tuin’d inthe Wars ; after which the Inhabitants had leave to build them another
City on a fruitful Soil.
The Countrey hereabouts us’d formerly to be very full of Carrel, but was not
onely bereav'd thereof by the Hollanders and Portuguefe; but alfo for the moft part
made defolate. | P
lii 3 The -

abies aya
i AMERICA. Chap. VII.
The River which wafhes the Caftle Ceulen, affords a convenient and fafe Harbor \
for all forts of Veflels. va
This Lordthip of Rio Grande boafts onely two Sugat-Mills, of which one is des
cay’'d; fo that in all thofe Parts in Brafile which belong to the We/t-India Company;
are a hundred and fixty Sugar-Mills conftantly employ’d, befides forty fix which
are about repairing. It is fcarce to be reckon’d how much Sugar they make yearly,
in regard, through the alterations of the annual Seafons, as alfo the more or lefs
fruitful Fields, they produce one year, and in one place, more than in another.
The Inhabitants are oftwo forts, viz. free People, and Slaves ; the Slaves are
African Negro’s, and the others, Netherlanders, Portuguefes, or Brafilians ; which laft
came in of their own accords, or elfe were abfolv’d from their Oaths, and ac-
quitted from their Martial Offices ; yet are ready to venture their Lives and Eftates,
and to Serve either on Foot or Horfeback for their Freedom againft their Enemies.
Thofe that went from the Netherlands to Brafile on their own Accounts, drive a
Trade, or Serve the Traders, or elfe keep Inns, and follow Handicraft Faculties ;
fome of which, when grown rich, buy Parts in Sugar-Mills; others live on Tilling :
by all which feveral forts of People Reciffa is very well inhabited, and full of Hou-
fes, which yield great Rents, and are held at high Prices : wherefore Grave Maurice
thought good to mark out piéces of Ground on the Ifle Antonio Vaes, which were
fold for a confiderable Sum of Money, infomuchthat ina fhort time anew Cie
ty call’d Maurice-ftadt was built on the fame, and inclos'd within ftrong Bulwarks ;
yea, notwithftanding the Rumor of a great Spanifh Fleet in fome mea{ure abated the
Courage of the Builders, yet the City was extended down to the Fort Frederick
Henrick, and a brave Bridge laid over the Stream Biberibi, crofs which they go from.
Reciffa to Antonio Vaes, where no People were in greater efteem than Handicraftse
men, who could get their ten or twelve Shillings aday. The Labor which is re-
quir’d in the Sugar-Mills, no Men are able to undergo but the Negro’s. Of the
Portuguefe fome have liv’d here aconfiderable time ; others lately came hither, being
moft of them Jews, of whom there live a great many at Reciffa, and are very dili«
gent in promoting of Trade : They poffefs feveral Sugar-Mills, and are kept véry
- much under; their whole ftudy and contrivance is for Gain ; they conceal their
Hatred againft the Chriftians, as alfo their Covetoufnefs, yet are mortal Enemies to
the Hollanders. The Brafilians, who.are the ancient Inhabitants, live apart from
other People in their Villages, confifting of long Straw Huts, forty or fifty of them
under one Roof fleeping on woven Hammocks ; they efteem no Houfhold-ftuffbut
Nets and Calabafhes, wfing the firft to fith with, and the other to drink out of; abouc
their Huts they plant Mandiboka and Brafile Trees; when they are not employ’d in
the Wars, they {pend moft oftheir time in Hunting, but many in Idlenefs; they
efteem wild Fruits better than thofe which are Planted ; they Drink night and
- day, making their Liquor of the chew’d Root Mandihoka, or the Apples Tajovis;
they efteem nothing fo muchas ftrong Drink, and to wear Linnen next their Skins;
they would not value Money, could they but get Brandy and Spanifh Wine with-
out it; if they are not promis’d a Reward, they will not work. Each Village,
nay Houfe, hath its peculiar Governor ; but befides him there is a Hollander, who
firs up the Idle to work, and takes care that the Owners of the Sugar-Mills do
them no injury : They never fuffer themfelves to be Hir’d for above twenty days,
atthe end whereof they demand their Wages; they are commonly employ’d to.
. chop Wood to boy! the Sugar with ; but by reafon of the fearcity of Negros, they
are often made ufe of for other Bufinefs, which to avoid they hide themfelves ; as
alfo when they are to go to Fight ; they are hard to be kept in Ranks, for they will
run
 Chap. VII. af MERICA
run out of their own Fyle into another on the leaft
occafion ; but if they puc their
Enemy to flight, they purfue him, and {pare
none alive. They little regard the
Chriftian Religion, yet fome of them have lear
n’d the Lord’s«Prayer and the Creed of
the Roman Priefts. The Minifter Davil having
learn’d the Brafilian Tongue, Con-
verted very many of them, and Baptiz’d the
m in their Villages.
The Brafiian Women and Children ulually
go to Wars with their Husbands
and Fathers,
The Brafilian Slaves were fome years finc
e bought of the Tapuyans, or made
Slaves, becaufe they affifted Boudewyn Henrick/
xoon, when he Landed in the Inlet Tras
lufon ; but they have fince obtain’d their Fre
edom of the Portuguefe. The Angolan
Slaves can undergo greater Labor than any othe
r.
The Brafile Wood grows generally ten or twe
lve Leagues up in the Countrey
from the Sea, not in particular Woods, but amo
ngft other Trees,
The Negro’s, when the Sugar-Mills work
not, are employ’d in pulling off the
white Bark, three Fingers thick, from
the Tree, which bears dark-green Leav
{mall and prickly at the ends, and hanging on es,
thin Stalks, but bearing neither Blof-
foms nor Fruit. ,
Ofnabrig Linnen is highly efteem’d amongft the
Brafilians, as alfo colour’d Wax,
Copper, Tin, Wine, Beer, Butter, Cheefe, Meal,
Stock-fith, Pork, Hung-beef, and
Gammons of Bacon.
The Papifts Teach and obferve their Religion in
publick, their Spiritual Men
being divided into Priefts and Monks ; the Monks
confift of Francifcans, Carmelites,
and Benedictines ;the Francifcans being the moft emin
ent, poflefs fix fair Cloyfters,
befides which they have neither Land nor other Rev
enues, but live on what is gis
ven them daily , their Cloyfters ftand in Frederic
k«ftadt, Iguaraca, Olinda, Pojuca, Serin-
bain, and Antonio Vaes. But the Carmelites have thre
e Structures at Parayba, and as
many more in Frederick-ftadt and Olinda, where they
live plentifully on what they
reap from Tillage, Rents of Houfes, and Legacies of
deceafed Perfons. The Bence
ditins, though they poflefs onely two Cloyfters, one in
Frederick+ftadt, and the other
at Olinda, yet they have the greateft Income from the
SugarsMills of Muferapa, and
the Countrey about Parayba, as alfo Cattel and Cane-Fields.
Recigfa, the Seat of War, hath two Horn-works towa
rds Olinda ; the firft rais’d
with Stone, defends the Haven with feven Brafg Demi
-Culverins ; the other lies
oppofite to the River Biberi, and hath five Brafs and two
Iron Guns. Reciffa alfo
hath a ftrong Rail about it, and many Guns plac’d in good
order. Near the Pow-
dershoufe ftand two Batteries with Guns. |
On the Shore towards Olinda, lies the Stone Caftle S¢.
Joris, ona Hill oppofite
tothe Haven, fortifi'd with a Bulwark and thirteen Iron Guns
.
The Water-Caftle, built round, rifes out of the Sea, and
ftands at the end of
the Stone Clif, which makes an Inlet, through which
the Ships Sail that come
to, and go from Reciffa.
The Fort Bruine hath four Points, feven Brafs Guns, and
Pallifados round
about.
|
Somewhat farther is the Redoubt call’d The Lady Bruine, which
hath two Brafs
Guns.
The Caftle Waerdenbergh, built before the Mouth of the River
(4pivaribi, in the
Bay made by the River Biberibi, hath three Points, each rais'd
{quare, becaufe the —
fourth Bulwark towards Antonio Vaes, cannot be finifh’d, by reafon the
Earth is
funk away. |
The Fort Ernefivs ftands on the North-fide of Maurice-fladt, on the Wland
Ans
tonio
 604 AMERICA. Chap. VIL
tonio Vaex. That part of the City which refpeéts the Fort, lies open, with five.
:

Points and a double Horn-work, it is the more fecure from any Invafion, becaufe * -

;
the Countrey round about is overflow’d at High-water. On the Horn-work ftand ~~:
eight Brafs Guns ; but the four Redoubts along the River Capivaribi are decay’d.
The {quare Fort Prince William, ftanding in alow Ground not far from the River
Afogados, hath four Bulwarks, and is inclos’d with a high Walland ftrong Pallifa.
do’s: the Church appearing above all other Houfes in the Caftle, may be feen at
Olinda. | 7
Defeription Maurice:ftadt lies pleafantly along the River Biberibi, and is wafh’d behind by the
fads. River (apivaribi; It hath a large Wharf, a brave Magazine, a French Church, and
a Guild-hall: The Buildings are not altogether fo high as thofe in Reciffa, where
they are commonly three Stories, becaufe the Ground is very dear. |
Grave Maurice’s Court lying oppofite to Reciffa, onthe Shore of Biberibi, xifes
from the middle of aGarden with two high Towers. |
Not far from the Caftle Erneftus is a Potters Kiln, and on the other fide, near the
Bort Frederick Henrick feven Wells, and fome Moraffes, and towards the Water-
fide, a Stone Battery. , ) ;
Forts of Bre © The Fort Orange at the Southern Mouth of the Haven, hath, by reafon of its. dry
fF Moats, a ftrong Pallifado, four Bulwarks, and twelve Guns. The Bulwarks about
the Church, and the Battery before the Haven, alfo fecures Schappen-/tadt againft the
Portuguefe. On the Battery ftand nine Iron and two Brafs Guns. Ac the Northern
Entrance of the Haven appears a Tower with three Guns.
The Fort Margareta hath two Brafs and forty Iron Guns.
Re/tringa, {urrounded with Pallifado’s, rifes near a fandy Point in the middle of
the River.
The Caftle Antonio, wath’d by the Sea, hath onely one Tower, but that fuffici-
ently ftrong to defend it againft an Enemy. i
The Francifcan Cloyfter, ftrengthned by a Wall and Earthen Works, fervein
flead of a Caftle to Frederick-/tadt,and is the more fecure by reafon of a Half-Moon,
Moats, Rails, and aBattery at the Mouth of the Haven. : |
The ftonie Fortification of Ceulen lies near the Sea. All thefe are the Fortrefles
of the Northern Brajile. rer
To the Southward of Reciffa appears the Promontory St. Augu/tine, where the
Haven is fecur’d by the Forts Vander Duffen, Domburgh, and a Stone Battery.
Porto Calvo is fortifi'd by a Caftle, built ona fteep Hill forty Foot high.
The Fort. Maurice Commands the Ferry of Rio Francifco, and is built on a high
and fteep Hill, with five Bulwarks, the lowermoft Plain is overflow’d by the
River in the Summer Seafon. The Store-houfes hereabouts are ill furnifh’d, and
if not fuddenly fupply’d, ‘tis to be fear’d, that a great Famine will follow, as al.
ready it is begun, and we may thank the faint-heartednefs of the Enemy that it
hath increas’d no more.
|
The Militia is diftributed into all the Forts or Villages, that fo they may the bet-
ter procure their Provifions, watch the approach of the Spaniards, and prevent all
Incroach-ments of the Enemy. In Maurice Caftle are five hundred and forty Men
in Garrifon; in the Afogados, two hundred ninety three; in (amarigibi and Porto
Calyo, fourhundred and eighty ; in Serinbain, {even hundred and eighty ; in Pojuca,
twenty five; in the Mills Panterra, ninety feven; at the Promontory Antonio, two
hundred and forty ;inthe Caftle Vander Duffen, a hundred and feventy ; the like
number is in Amaro and Moribeca, in the Village St. Laurence, four hundred and
twenty two ; in the Fort Prince William, two hundred’
and fixty three , in Frederick
é ie oN ND ! = Henrick,
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 Chap. VIL AMERICA
Flenrick, hath two hundred and thirty ; in Arne 603
ftws, two hundred and eighty . in
Reciffa, two hundred and feventy feven.. inthe
Caftle Bruine,a hundred and twenty
‘five ; in Olinda, ahu
ndred and ninety three ; in Icuaraza, nine
ty three; in Orange,
a hundred and eighty two ; in Goyana, a hund
red and fixty five; in Frederick-ftade,
2 hundred and one; in the Fort Margareta, three hund
red and fixty; in the Caftle
(eulen, eighty eight : in Antonio Vues lies Grav
e Maurice’s Guard ; Siara is defended
by forty ; fo that the whole Power confifts of
fix thoufand one hundred and eighty
Men, too weak a number to refift the Enemy both
by.Land and Sea. nay; had he
had Courage, the Weft-India Companies Concer
ns in Brafile would long fince have
been in alow Condition., for the Spanifh Fleet
which came lately from (adis, car-
ty’d three thoufand Men, befides feven hundre
d which they brought from St. Sal-
vador ;the Duke of Bagnola was alfo teady with
two thouland Portugne/es, and a
thoufand Bra/ilians, to joyn with the Seamen
, and expected alfo.as great a number
from Parayba, Pernambuco, Seregippa, Itamarica, Rio
Grande, and Siara, contrary to the
Oath takenin Reciffa: But the Spanifh Fleet keeping
clofe to the Bay Todos los Sanétos,
hath hitherto done nothing, except the fending
of feveral Companies into the
Countrey, to rob and pillage the Brafian Villages
. Moreover, the Mulatto’s and
Negro’s do great mifchicf up and down, and fo much
the more, becanfe they go
and come alongprivate Ways, through which none can follow them
, Moft of the
Ships being badly fitted, are {carce able to keep the
Sea, and the Soldiers want
Clothes exceedingly.. The City St. Salvador keeps
the Countrey ina continual
Ala rm, fo that five thoufand Men. are requir’d to conquer it: Eighteen grea
t
Ships, and as many Ketches, befides leffer Veff
els, ought to be fent thither, the Sea
being full of Pyrats. The common Treafury is fo much
behind-hand, that none
can receive any Pay. The Owners of the Sugar-Mills
will not deliver any Sugar
without ready Mon ey, becaufe of the Netherlanders removal from thence.
This Relation of the Affairs of the Netherland Weft-India
Company in Brafile, was
deliver’d to them in Writing by Vander Duffen.

ts Defcription.of the Palace Freyburgh, two Bridges, and a Ban-

quetting-houfe, all built by Grave Maurice.

Bigs Maurice before his coming away from Brafi

le, built a pleafant Palace
along the River Biberibi, before the Fort Erne/tus on. Antonio
aes; the oute
moft Work whereof was fhaded by a double Row
of Coco-Trees, and had
a Pond full of all forts of Fith ; and not far from thence,
on one fide, a fecond ene
compaf{s’d a ConeysWarren, which re{pected a Pell-mel
l ; Near it a Garden, curi-
oufly divided into round Parterres, which led into a long Park
of Bakkoven-Trees.
and at the end a great Dove-houfe. Next the Rive
r ftood a large Stable, on one
fide whereof was a Field to whiten Linnen in, and a Kitc
hin-Garden, wherein was
a large Spot full of Orange-T rees, a row of Vines,
which bore Grapes every three
Moneths, and a delightful Walk, befet on each fide with
Lime-Trees, On the
other fide of this Palace ftood a Banquetting-houfe, near a row of
Pome-granates
Trees, and another of Fig and Cittron-Trees. Behind the Pala
ce was a Fifh-pond
with two.Iles, for the Swans.. A Dovechoufe alfo appear’d
near the Fort Erne/tus,
where the Negro’s watch’d the Horfes, and led them to
Water in a Fifhpond in 4
large Wood. Before the Palace appear’d’a Stone Palli
fado, which like a Half.
Moon ran. into the River. The Palace it elf rofe with
two Towers, one of
which fery’d for a Seaemark, .
Moreover,
 fas AMERICA ‘Chap. VIE
ick Henrick, die
Moreover, Grave Maurice extended his new City tothe Fort Freder
River
vided the Moraffie Grounds by feveral Moats, and laid a Bridge crols the
the Stream Capiva-
Biberibi, becween Reciffa and the City Manrice,and another crofs
ribi, between the faid City Maurice and the Main Land.
was Dif-
In the time when Albuquerque Govern’d Brajile for the King ofSpain, it
defert the City Olinda,
puted among the Portuguefe, whether it were not requifite to
e to the
and canfing the Inhabitantsto remoyeto Reciffa,joyn the fame with a Bridg
more cons
Ifle Anconio Vaes, becaufe thofe Places are almoft invincible, and much
before
venient for Ships than Olinda ? But the Hollanders farpris'd them on a fudden,
n
they could bring the Bufinefs to pafs, and after a while profecuted the fame Defig
2 |
themfelves.
Gave Mew Graye Maurice fpent twenty four thonfand Guilders in laying a Bridge over the -
Stone
alge verRiver Biberibi, between Reciffa and Antonio Vaes. Having rais'd juft fifteen
vice his
{tately

zlib. Columns fromthe Ground, they came to the deepeft part of the River Antonio Vaes,
when the Architeé&t began to defpair of accomplifhing the fame, becaufe the
Ground lay deep under Water, and the Stream ran very fwift : Thofe which dwele
Man to
at Reciffa cry’d, That they had undertaken a Bufine/s which was not in the power of
Pillars :
effect, and that there was above ten thoufand Pound already [pent in vain on fifteen
Owners of
in this fort they began to clamor againft Grave Maurice, e{pecially the
plea-
Houles in Reciffa, who forefaw that many would remove from thence to the
in
fant [fleAntonio Vaes, as foon as the Bridge was finifh’d , after which the Houfes
Recif fa would be atlow Rates. But Grave Maurice judging thac the Difgrace would
fall upon him, if the Bridge fhould be left half finith’d, caus’d at his own proper
and fo
Charge, huge pieces oflafting Timber to be cut, forty and fifty Foot long,
ramm’d into the Ground, fome freight, others floaping, to fupport the reft, and
“two Moneths finifh’d'the fame: ‘On the firft day after this new Bridge was
compleated, there went fo many People‘over it, that the Toll which they paid,
eight thous
amounted to above 60 1. Sterl. and was after that Farm’d for twenty
fand Guilders yearly, a Citizen that pafs'd over the fame being to pay 2d. anda_
7 de
Negro or Soldier 1 d. but a Horfeman paid 4d. and a Cart or Wayn
Another o- Since this Grave Maurice built a fecond Bridge crofs the River Capivaribi, which
Biioaribi. ‘a joynd Antonio Vaez, to the Main Continent. This Bridge being eighty fix Rods
long of durable Timber, was finifh’d in feven Weeks. |
HisPkafiree »Moreover Grave Maurice built a pleafant Banquetting-houfe, call’d Bonavifta, at
vfs his own Charge before the faid Bridge, from whence he could fee the Palace Frey-
burgh, Olinda, the Fort Erneftus, Maurice-ftadt, Reciffa, the French Church, the Ships
in the Harbors, and alfo the Caftle Frederick Henrick. This Banquetting-houfe
hath at each corner a Turret, and inthe middle thereof a {pacious Room, crown’d
with a fair Terrace.
|b. Flavius Capibaribe.
B. Domus Boarifta , fivr Bont vifies »
C. Pons.
D . Pelasum PFriburgum .
BR. flau ritcopols
E . emp Pall“curlte »
) GH . . Caffrum fra fa . ‘
Caf an Fred. He nrtce +
T . Rev .

xk.2z ae lap ‘dof . 2

L Ma ives pert con ten te ss
Me. Olinda emmius v/a»

ee
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ern
——

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oe
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AQUIN\O c TIALIS
—_

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 Chap. VIil. AMERICA 607
ecient n LTT TTT TTT ETE
CHAP. VIIL
Guiana.
Orthward of Brafile, over againft Maragnan,
lieth the Countrey of Guiana, siwuation an’
not improbably fuppos’d to be {© call’d
from the River Wia, one of the acne
: principal Rivers of the Province, which yet is faid to have
than any other part of America befides : It more and fairer
is by fome call’d The wild Coaft, for what
reafon is uncertain, it being found to be a very frui
tful and pleafant Countrey :
It is Bounded on the Eaft, with the Atla
ntick Ocean, or Mare del Nordt; on the
Weft, with fome undifcover’d mountaino
us Countreys, which lie on that fide of
the Andes; on the Northit hath the great Riv
er Orenoque; and on the South,
that of the Amazons, or Orellana ; which laft
Name, as we have faid before, ic de-
tives from Francifco Orellana, who is {aid to hav
e fir difcover’d it in the Year 1 5436
It was anciently call’d Tobo, Topoi, and Tapera.
This Countrey lieth on both fides of the Ai quate
r, extended ftom the fourth
Degree of Southern Latitude, to the eighth Degr
ee of Northern, yet enjoyeth a
temperate and good Air,. not opprefled with any
exceffive Feat; which is chiefly
attributed to the Breezes, or Eafterly Winds,
almoft perpetually about Noon
blowing upon it. Towards the Seacfide it is
for the moft part a flac and level
Countrey, in the more Inland parts mountainous
and {well’d with Hills, but in all
it is generally of fuch a rich and fertile Soil, that
for Fruits, or any outward Com-
modities.of the Earth, it yields not to any other Prov
ince of the New World, but ras
ther far excelleth the moft, having as it were a
continual Summer, without Win.
ter or Autumn, the Trees never uncloth’d or mad
e bare, Fruits always ripe, or
gtowingto maturity, the Meadows and Paftures
always verdant and green, and,
as we faid, fo excellently well water’d with Rivers,
that no Countrey in the World
feems comparable to it in this refpect. But fince the
feveral Occurrences of Orellas
nas Expedition will give much light to the more part
icular knowledge of thefe
Parts, we thought good to infert this following Relation
thereof,
Srecr. IL,
AR
elation of the fourney of Francifco Ore
llana.
| \Rancifc Orellana travelling with Gonfalvo Piza
rro from Quito, to find out the
Countrey Cundirumarca (where the Natives, according to the
information of
a ftrange American, went Arm’d with Golden Plat
es) he came after a great
deal of hardfhip to the River Maranon, where Pizarro buil
ding a Brigantine, put all’
his fick and maimed Men into the fame, as alfo all
his Baggage under the Com-
mand of Orellana, whom he commanded to forage for fome
Provifions, of which
the Army, that was to follow along the Shore, had great want
; but Orellana was in
few days driven down fo far, that he faw no hopes of gett
ing up again in a years
time, and Engag’d daily with the Indians, which came aboard of him
ia little Boats.
at laft he went afhore and conquer’d a Village, in which
he found Provifions,fome
Gold, and Gems of great value: not long after which he
was in great danger, by
Teafon of a River, which with great force fell into the Channel
in which he =i
 AMERICZ. Chap. VIII.
and for the {pace of two hundred Leagues faw neither Man nor Houfe : Next Land.
ing ata Village, he was by the Governor thereof Prefented with Turtles, Par-
tridges, Fifh, and other Provifions, and alfo forewarn’d of the valiant Women, the
Amaxones, Which they, call’d Camapuyara.. Going from hence, he met for eighty
Leagues together, nothing but fteep and craggy Mountains on each fide of the
Shore, infomuch that he could not Land any where for Provifions. Next coming
to the inhabited Province Machiparo, he was fiercely affaulted for two days and
two nights, by the Cafique Aomagua, who purfu’d him with feveral Boats: Not
long after having conquer'd a Village, out of which ran {everal trodden Paths into
the Countrey, he came toa River, in the Mouth whereof there lying three Ifles, he
gave it the Denomination of La Trinidad, which wafheth a fruitful Coaft, along
which Sail'd divers fmall Veffels. Somewhat farther in che River Trinidad ftood a
Village and Banquetting-houfe, where Orellanatook abundance of Provifions, Sil
ver, Gold, and Earthen Ware curioufly Glaz’dand Painted, but judg’d it very ha-
zardous to travel far into the Countrey by the common High-ways,in regard of the
multitudes of People that frequented them, to whofe Civility he durft not truft;
therefore Sailing from hence a hundred Leagues farther, he came to the Countrey
belonging to the Lord of Paguana, who civilly Entertain’d. him, and Prefented
him with Sheep, not unlike the Peruvians, and all manner of good Fruit, which the
Countrey affords in great abundance. After this.on his.Lar-board fide he difco-
ver da River, whofe being black like Ink, and difemboguing into another, difco-
lour’d the Water thereof for the {pace of twenty Leagues; he alfo faw feveral Vil-
lages, and at laft found the Stream to be fo broad, that he could not fee from one
Shore to the other: he took one.of the Villages without any refiftance, there being
none but Women in the Huts, whither the Men came towards the Evening. “Near
another Village he e{py’d feven Heads ticking upon Poles, from whence the Pro-
vince receiv'd the Denomination De las Picotas, from. whence ran feveral pav'd
Ways, oneach fide planted with Trees, into the Countrey; where Landing, he
furnifh’d himfelf with Maiz, Turtles, Geefe, and Parrots;-and at Can Mland took
an American Prifoner, who inform’d him, that he was in the Amazones Jurifdiation,
and that up in the Countrey liv’d a People not unlike the Spaniards, amongft whom
were two white Women, brought thither up the River by a Lord. Going farther
he {aw divers Villages on each fide of him, and at laft Landing in a little Town,
he found plenty of Oats, Liquor made of Oats, Cotton, Linnen, 2 Temple hung |
round about with Arms, and two Epifcopal Miters of divers colours.’ Near a Pro-
montory jutting out into the River, the Tide went fo ftrong, that he was not able
to Land ; upon the Point ftood feyeral fair Buildings, where were, alfo white
Women, of a big ftature, with long Hair, who animated the Men to fight. -This
Countrey, which extends it felf a hundred and fifty Leaguesalong the Shore, with
Hills, Pafture-Grounds, and Champain, and well inhabited, being difcover’d on
St. John’s Day, was call’d The Province DeSan Fuan ; which leaving, he came to feve-
zal Ifles, the biggeft whereof extended fifty Leagues in length, all of them ftand-
ing on high Ground, pleafant, and full of People, who-in Boats, by them call’d
Periagues, valiantly Engag’d with the Spaniards ; but one of them not long) aftet bes
ing taken Prifoner, inform’d them, that the Amazones dwelt in Stone Houles, Wall’d
Towns, had plenty of Silver and Gold, and four ftately Temples enrich’d with
Plates, Dedicated to the Sun. But Orellana Sailing'a hundred Leagues farther,along
a Coaft belonging to the Lord of Caripuna, according to the Prifoners Relation, the:
Inhabitants hereabouts fhot abundance of poyfon’d. Arrows. at the Spaniards, but’
they made a fhift to efcape them, and Sailing within fight of ‘Land into the Bay:
; ne 7 ‘- of
 609
they

fae!

vOIMs The Expedi~

e€ ob- poe
tion of Orel-

eneriff
ltwo
>Verd
rafile,
ck of
Ships
wo he
ly be-
vhich
‘re he
ochor
three
i time
is beft
{pent
: the
| (ons
ithere
weak
Spani-
rellana
7 He dies with
Grief,

Scribe
th dif
colour
1 Har-
with a
Lg a 4 7 OF i _ Z SS sega ae all the
o ‘

eo eaey
<<
|©
os
SS =

call’d
yk
,epara-
ye Fore
{pehous,
feyeral

= = ren = ——— 3 sos = ae =} Leonard Sir Walter

b : Raleigh fends
rovince Fifher to dif-

ery Cie Pale aoa

untain ““
d with
fe the
B. Domus fabrihs . 0 Dia
soniifts

ith the
fame
-

raw
~~
=
Chap. VIII. ° AMERICA. | 609
they
of Paria, they came'toan Anchor before the Ifland (ubugua, Anno 1541. after
had been eight hundred Leagues.
tn. expedi-
Orellana informing the Spanifh Court of his Adventures, defir’d the chief Come
723.” *, es
which after earneft Sollicitations he ob- lant,
mand of the Province of the Amazones,
f
tain’d, and accordingly fetting Sail from St. Lucar, he went to the Mland. Tenerif
two
with three Ships and five hundred Men, where he ftay’d three Moneths, and
de Verd
on Cape de Verd, On Teneriff feveral of hisMen ran from him, and on Cape
to Brajile,
he bury’d ninety eight, and left fifty fick behind him; yet he Steer’d
lack of
where, meeting with contrary Winds, he had undoubtedly perifh’d for
his Ships
Water, if the great Showers of Rain had not fupply’d his Wants, one of
two he
carrying feventy Men and eleven Horfes,was never heard of, with the other
Sail’d by Baxos de San Roque, and from thencea hundred Leagues Northwardly be-
yond Maragnan, where a great way offatSea they found frefh Water, in which
where he
Oréllano Steering, got between the Ifles into the River De las Amazones,
Barter’d for Provifions, Sail’d two Leagues up the River, and came to an Anchor
three
before a few Huts, but flenderly for’d with Provifions, where he {pent
Moneths in breaking up one of his Ships, and building a Ketch. In the mean time
fifty (even of his Seamen dy’d. Sailing twenty Leagues farther, he loft his beft
he {pent
Ship; whereupon he gave order to build a Barque of the Wreck. Thus
es: the
thirty days in vain to find the fore mention’d Arm of the River Amazon
ue and (or-
Barque being finifh’d in ten’ Weeks, and going beyond the Ifles Maribiq
there
tan, found the three great Rivers to difembogue into the River Amazones, which
too weak
was twelve Leagues broad , but wanting Provifions, and the Men being
d Spani-
to go farther, they came back to the fruitful Ifland Comao, where a hundre
a, dies with
ards fetled themfelves, the reft going down with the Barque to find out Orellan He Grief.
who, ashis Wife inform’d them, dy’d with Grief.
rds left off, afcribe
The Englifhand Netherlanders, who Sail’d hither afterthe Spania
, which dif-
a Breadth of fifty or fixty Leagues to the Mouth of the Amazone River
that it keeps its colour
charges its Water with fuch force into the Northern Ocean,
of Captain Har-
and tafte above thirty Leagues, according to the ocular teftimony
The North Cape, runs with a
court. The Weftern Point, by the Netherlanders call’d
-Welterly fall the
long Slip of low Land into the Sea, into which more North
of them wafh
Streams’ Taponnowyny, Arowary, Arykary, (affepouri, and Wiapoca ; fome
Meadows.
great Wildernelles fulkof Trees , others glide between pleafant
call’d
Eighty "Leagues up the Amazone River the Viujingers have built a Fort
and fepara-
Naffaw, on the narrow Ifland Cogemines, which is twenty Leagues long,
er Ifle, the Fort
ted from the Shore by a Creek, and feven Leagues farther, on anoth
cas and Apehous,
Orange’; from which two Forts they Trade with the Natives, Arowac
Gums, and feveral
bartering European Tritles for Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar,
'
Tinc&tures,
o to Leonard
Sir Walter Raleigh, Anno 1595. fending Captain Fifher from Wiapoc
Sir Walter
Raleigh fends
Governor of the Province
Ragapo, fome years before Baptiz’d in England, and then
Fifber to difs
cover Cooflz-
he receiv’d Fifher very cie
Coofhebery, lying between the Amazone River and Wapoco,
bery Pro-
vince,
the Mountain
villy, and conduéed him fifty Leagues up into the Countrey, to with
Fifh, and furrounded
(owob, on whofe top isa deep Pool, full of well tafted
notice of, becaufe the.
the glittering Stones Topaz ; which Raleigh took the more
s are found, inclofes allo Dias
‘fame Ground in the Eaft-Indies where thefe Stone
pleafant Hills, but confifts
monds. Moreover, the Province Coofhebery rifes with
moft in delightful Fields and Woods.
mmbogues alfo with the
The River Arocawo, fallinginto the Inlet Wiapoco, dife e
7 Kkk fam
.
 Eko AMERICA. Chap. VIII.
fame between the Capes Orange and Comariboo, into the Northern Ocean.
Moft of the Rivers in Guiana lie full of Ifles, and cannot be Navigated far, by
| :
reafon of the great Water-falls.
The Tayos, The Y2yos, who inhabit on the Banks of the fore-mention’d River, are People of
a good Difpofition, and go naked: they catch Fifh after a ftrange manner, for
they onely throw the ftrong fmelling Wood Ayaw in the Water, which works fo
upon the Fifh, that they fuffer themfelves to be caught with the Hand. The wells
known American Root (affavi ferves them for Bread, being bak’d in round Cakes
on hot Stones: of the Cakes they alfo makethe Liquor Perrinoe, which taftes al-
moft like flale Beer, and is prepar'd by old Women and little Children, which
chew the Caffavi, and {pit the fame into a Pot full of Water, which having ftood
a while, they ftrain the fame through a Cloth, and fet it a working with Potato-
Roots. |
They. are troubled with no Vermine, not fo much as the little Fleas Niquas,
by the Spaniards call’d Chigos, which creep in between the Nails.
On the Sea-Coaft are many Tortoifes, whofe Fleth is of a delicious tafte, but
heavy to digeft. at
Sheep and Oxen will not thrive here, but Swine would thrive exceedingly, if
their Dugs were not bit offin che Night bythe Bats.
The River Wiapoco hath many dangerous Water-falls, the one much higher than
the other ; alittle way beyond the firft of them the Stream Army falls into Wiapocos
Teaarafe. ~ “Three days Journey Wefterly dwell the Marafhewaccas, whofe Ears hang down
' on their Shoulders, they worfhip for their Deity, an Image reprefenting a Man,
who fitting flat on the Ground, with his Legs ftretch’d out, leans with his Elbows
on his Knees, and holding up his Hands, gapes and ftares up towards Heaven.
North-Weft from Wiapoco rifes the Mountain Gomeribo, which produces Maiz,’
and Vines,
Tobacco, Cotton-Trees, at) |
In the fame place the Creek Wainary runs Weftwardly with frefh Water a days
Journey into the Countrey; and from the faid Creek a high Mountain, fic for the
produétion of Sugar and Tobacco, extends it felf tothe River Apurwaca, where the
Wiopocaries inhabit a great Tra& of Land. .
an North- Weft from Wiapoco flows the River Aperwacque, whofe mountainous Shores
bear Brafile Wood and wild Cinamon. The Stream it felf takes its original out of
a large Lake, in the middle whereof lies a three-corner’d Ifle.. South-Eaft from the
Lake dwell the Harrithiabans, beyond whofe Countrey are the Rivers Cauwo, Wia,and
Cajani. On the Banks of the firft dwelt, Anno 1596. according to the Relation of
Laurence Keymis, a People call’d Jaos, driven by the Spaniards from Moruga, and who
formerly poflefs’d the. oreateft part of Guiana ; they diftinguifh themfelves from
other People, by pricking their Faces full of Holes with the Tooth of a Beaft nor
untike a Rat: But at prefent, the jaos being departed from hence, the Countrey
lies defolate. nA .@
_ The Wia, which f{prings a great way up in the Countrey, hath a wide Mouth,
and near feveral [flands convenient Harbors: The biggeft of theIfles, inhabited by
the Shebaios, is full of Provifions, viz. Fowl, Fifth, excellent Fruit, wild Hogs, and
other Beats. pe, |
The triangular Iles, lying more Wefterly, are alfo very fruitful, but not com
parable to Gowatery. So far as the Coaft extends it felf with high Mountains, it is
overgrown with Brafile Wood, but the lower Grounds produce Cotton, Pepper,
Silk, Balfam, and the Root Wiapaffa,tafting like Ginger, and exceeding good againft.
a Lask, or the Headeache.
Before
Chap. VIII. AMER IC 4. 611
Before the Mouth of Cajani appears the high Ifland Mattoory, furrounded by the
leffer Ifles Sannawony, Epenefari, and Eponeregemere.
Between the Rivers Cajani and Maccaria, lies the low Ifland Muccumbro, out of
whofe Center rife two Mountains, and which is inhabited, as the Main Coaft by
Caribbeeans, whofe General Arrawicary fhew’d great friendfhip to the Netherlanders :
They obferve no cettain Laws for Government; Adultery and Murder they punifh
with Death ; they are very tyrannical towards their Wives, who for the leaft aé&
of incivility have theit Brains beat out ; they efteem one another according to the
number of their Wives, the eldeft of which performs all Houfhold-Offices.
The Caribbeeans are accounted to have been the firft Inhabitants of this Couns cerisieeans .
trey, for the Jaos, Sappaios, Arowaccas, and Paragotos, were driven hither by the Spas wor
niards from Trinidad or Oronoque. oe
The wild Caribbecans live farther up into the Countrey, and often fall with great
rage upon the other; but fince the Netherlanders have furnifh’d them with Arms, |
they have not been fo much molefted by them.
Beyond Macavia lies the River Caurora, which is very narrow and deep; and next River!
in order the Rivers Manamonary, Sinamary, Cunanama, Furaca, Mawary, Amana, and Ma-
rawyny, full of Ifles, and four Leagues broad at the Mouth ; along the Shore grow
little Trees, whofe Leaves wither as foon as touch’d by Mankind, but revives
again within halfan hour. i sat
Next follow the Rivers Sorrenam, Sorrenamme, Copanama, Marateca, and Curetiny,
where the Netherlanders, by virtue of a Patent granted by the States General, drove a
Trade for feveral years,
Somewhat farther the Berbice, Apari, Maycawini, Mabeyca, Mirara and Effekebe, dif-
charge their Waters into the Ocean, twenty days Journey from their Spring-Head,
where a great Lake (by the Jaos call’d The Roponowini, and by the Caribbeeans, Parime)
Spreads it felfa great way; and on its Northern Shore hath the Town Manoa,
Along the River Effebeke isan excellent fort of Wood, the Dye call’d Orellano, and
abundance of Caffavi : Inthe Mouth of the River alfo lies the Ifle Ottoma.
Laftly, between Effebeke and the great River Orinoque, glide the lefler Streams
Iwapoi, Pauroma, Gayni, Moruga, Ammacoura, and Parima, before which lie feveral
| | I
namelefs Ifles.
(Chriftopber Columbus, in his third Voyage to the Weft-Indies, difcover'd the great TheDito }
Ifland Trinidad, where before the Mouth of the Bay Vallena he was in great danger, ins
as alfo the Ship Commanded by Alon/o de Ojeda, by reafon of the Waves, with which
the great River Yuyapar, other wife call’d Orinogue, coming out of the High-lands of
Paria, falls into the Sea, which made him call the faid Mouth Bocca del Drago; fo
that Columbus, Anno 1599- difcover’d the Main Coaft of America to the Northward
of Guiana, as far as the Promontory DelaVela, before Americus Vefputins ; whither
Diego de Ordas Steer’d with three Ships, Mann’d with four hundred Ca/tilians, in the ee RS
Year 1231. and before Guiana took four (aribbeeans Prifoners ina (anoo, and finding Priition. ..
an Emerauld about them asbig as a Man’s Hand, they inform’d him, that up the
River was 2 Rock all of fuch Stones, and a Mountain on which grew high Trees,
yielding ftore of Myrth ; but the ftrong contrary Tides and Water-falls prevented
Ordas from going thither ; and being troubled at the lofs of one of his Ships, he
ran along the Shore to Paria, and took the Fort which Antonio Sedenno, Governor of
Trinidad, had caft up there, and left the Command thereof to fuan Gonfalvex,
Ordas pretending that Sedenno had built it contrary to the Emperor’s Order, and thae
he had made Slaves of the Natives. Martin Jannex Tafur ftay’d in the conques’d
Fort accorditg to Ordas his appointment, who went up the River Orinoque not
ta | Kkk 2 without
 a

i _ AMERICA Chap. VIII.

without great hardfhip; for his Provifions were not onely fhort, but he was tor-
mented in the Day by the Mufchitoes, and in the Night by the Bats; at laft coming
to a Village Commanded by Viapars, he was kindly Entertain’d, which made Ordas
contrary to the will of his Men, who would willingly have: gone farther into the
Countrey, ftay there all the Winter; but as foon as the rainy Moneths were over,
Ordas went farther up che River, Orinoque; where his Ship was ftav’d againft a fandy
Shelf, which fore’d him: with two hundred Foot and forty Horfe, to travel along
the Shore, where he was much {canted of Provifions, and for forty days ropether
met none but a few poor wild Fifhermen, ‘and at laft ftopt at an unknown River,
which fell, into the Orinoque. The Guianian Guide. which Viapari had given Ordas,
advis’d him.to go along the Shore of the new Rivers becaufe it would lead them to
a well Cloth’d and rich People: But Ordas went.along by the River Oronoque till
he came where the Water falling from the Mountains makes ic fo terrible rough,
that Ordas his Veflels, which were Toed along, were not able to be got’any farther,
fo that after two hundred Leagues advance, he was neceflitated; by reafon of the
fore-mention’d Water>falls, to go aboard and Sail down the Stream: His'Men be.
ing wearyd with. fo troublefom a Journey, forfook him onthe Ifland Cubagua,
which made him return oyer Hii/paniolato Spain, where not long after he dy’d with
Grief. : E A? \
ithe,Spell This unfuccefsful Expedition of Ordas no way daunted Hieronimo Ortall from pro-
rimouat, fecuting the fame Defign, for fetting Sail from St. Lucas, Anno 1533. to the Fort
which Ordas had taken from Juan Gon/alves, he Steer’d from thence over to (ubagua,
to fetch fome Men, and fent the Lieutenant Alonfo Herrera with five Ketches, carry-
ing two hundred Men, the fame way which Ordas. had been. ° Herrera coming to the
fore-mention’d Water-falls: where Ordas recurn’d, caus'd his Veffels to be unladen;
then Toed them by meer force over’the Waterefalls, where he difcover’d plain
Fields without any Inhabitants, extending themfelves to the Mouth of the River
Meta, where he quitted his Veffels, and with no {mall trouble got over Méraffes
and Pools.to the fruitful Countrey of the Xaguas, a People both cruel-and valiant .
whom after a fharp Conflict vanquifhing, he became Mafter of their Village, in-
which he found plenty of Provifions, as alfo in,another neighboring Town, where
his tir’d, and almoft ftarv’d Army began to take Breath, being exceedingly re-
frefh’d with the delicious Meat of a fore of wild Dogs, which were here in' great
abundance. Having {pent the Winter Seafon here, they were often fet upon by
the Caribbeeans, by whole poyfon’d Atrows. feveralof them being fhot, dy’d Di-
ftracted, and amongft the reft Herrera himfelf ; after-which his Succeffor Alvaro Ore
das return’d tothe Veflels, which were left.at the Mouth of the River Meta, from
whence he Sail’d back without any other fuccefs, the Defign being to find out the
Golden City Manoa, on the Banks:of the great Lake Parime. ails )
beeee oot longiafter Peter Hermandex de. Serpa undertook the fame Work with three
auand o- hundred Spantards, feveral Brafilians and Negro’s'; but’ before he could reach the Ri-
; ver Orinogue, he was deftroy’d by the falvage People Wikiri, eighteen of his Men
~ onely efcaping to bring the news of this fad Difafter. HE 2 7
_ Peter de Orfua following the footfteps of Gonfalvo Pizarro, went to feek for Gold
in Guiana, but being kill’d by Lopes Agira near the Amazone River, that Expedition
alfo prov’d fruitlefs. | Zi |
iio oftis With the fame defire of finding Gold in:Guiana; Antonio Berreo went from New
roSirWater Ovandda thither ;but being taken by Sir Walter Raleigh, was interrupted in his Defign;
Aawt! however, he gave him an Account of his Adventures, fo far ashe had gone, viz,
That he went to find out a Way along the River Caffanor, between New Granada
and
 Chap. VIII. AMER IC AZ. G12 i

t ne
a

and New Guiana, went from Caffanor to the Stream Meta, and from thence to Ori '

noque, where he was in great danger, ‘by reafon of fharp Rocks, over which the
Stream flowing, wafhes feveral Ifles; That he {pent a whole year before he came |
tothe utimoft Borders of Amapaia ;near which he loft feveral of his Barques,and
on the Shore, not onely divers Horfes, but alfo many of his Men, who either dy’d
of hardfhip, or were kill’d by the Natives with poyfonous Arrows, fo that fixty
of his Men were kill’d in the Countrey of Amapaia, which extends along the River
Orinoqne, befides a great many that dy’d there by drinking the Water, which was full
of poyfonons Animals, and glided over a flimy and muddy Ground, which made it
thick and troubled : Six Moneths he ftay’d in the Countrey Amapaia, where he
made, Peace with the Inhabitants of Anebas, who gave him ten curious Images of
maffie Gold. The River Orinoque is about four’ Leagues broad here, and about
-feven hundred Miles long, before it fall into the Ocean, and is every where en-
rich’d with the Waters of many Rivers which fall into it from the North and
South: He added moreover, that he endeavor’d to go down Southerly to Guiana,
but was prevented by fteep Mountains, and therefore went on Eafterly till he
came tothe Countrey Emeria, where he found a courteous People, and plenty of
Provifions ; that the Governor of (aripana, being about a hundred years of age,
had a long time Convers’d with the Chriftianson the Iflands Trinidad and Margareta, '
and learn’d a Form of Civil Government ; that Sailing down the River Orinogue
between many Ifles lying at the Mouth of the River to Trinidad, and from thence
to Margareta, he took fixty Men into his Service; but that he himfelf, being tir’d’
with fo great a Journey, and ftaying to refrefh himfelf at Trinidad, fell into the
hands of another Party of the Englifh ; that before he was taken he fent feveral of
his Men to Caripana, to find the King of Morequito, who three years before had been
with abundance of Gold at Cumana and Margareta, and inform’d a Spaniard call’d
Vides fo much concerning the Golden Countrey Guiana, that he obtain’d a Patent at
the Spanifh Court to difcover Guiana ; but that Vides, jealous that he might be there
before him, had nox onely incens’d Moreguito againft him, but fo inftruéted him,
that he fuffer’d his Men to pafs through the Countrey to fetch Gold from the City
Manoa, and as they return’d, fet upon them and flew them on the Borders of .Aros
maia, together with a Monk that was in their Company, one Man onely efcaping;
by whom being inform’d of the Murder, he immediately fent divers Soldiers to
take Revenge of Morequito, who flying to the Governor Vides, was neverthelefs, up-
on his demanding him in the King’s Name, deliver’d to him ; and notwithftand-
ing he proffer’d a great Sum of Money for his Ranfom, was cruelly put to Death ;
but not fatisfi’d with that Revenge, he oversrun all the Countrey of Aromaia, took
Morequito’s Uncle, call’d Topiawari, Prifoner, who bought his Life for a hundred
Plates of Gold, and fome Precious Stones; That Lifting many Men in Spain for
the Gold which-he {ent thither, he Row’d with Barquesup the Rivers Barema, Pat-
troma, and Deffequebe, where he barter’d Trifles for Men, Women, and Children,
of whom he made great Sums of Money on the Ifland Margareta.
This Information which Sir Walter Raleigh got from his Prifoner Berreo, made
him defirous to make an Expedition to Guiana ; to which purpofe he fent Captain
George Gifford with a Ketch and a Barque to the River Capuri, where the Water fell
before the Veffels could get beyond the Sands in the Mouth of the River.
John Donglas had better fuccels, being likewife fent out by Sir Walter Raleigh, for |
he with his Boats found that Orinoque had nine Armsto the North Sea, and feven
to the South, which embrace divers Ifles, of which thofe onthe right fide are call'd
Pallamos, and thofe on the left, For otomaca, The Mouth of the River gapes a hun-
; i | Kkk 3 dred
 AMER 104. Chap., VII.
dred Leagues. On the fore-mention’d Ifles dwell the Titirirds; a modeft People,
who {peak a bald Language ; inthe Summer they live underthe open Skie upon
the bare Earth, and in the Winter (being there between May and September) on the
tops of the Trees, becaufe during thattime the River Orinoque rifing thirty Foot
higher, overflows all the Iflesthereabouts, which are very high and mountainous.
But Raleigh himfelf Rowing up the River Amana, endui’d great hardfhip, his Men
being mott of them {weltred with the Heat, and great want of Provifions ;and had
not their Indian Pilot fhew’d them another Stream much ’eafier
to Navigate, he
would have been fore’d to return fuccefslefs ;but being ftor’d with Provifion out of
a Village built along the Shore, he chafed fourCanoos, of which he took one, and
alfo an Avwaccas, which in fifteen days time brought.him into the River Orinoque,
where he fawthe high Mountains of Guiana . afterwards Anchoring before a fair
fandy Bank, which Jay near the Mouth of three Rivers; he took abundance of
‘Tortoifes, and was furnifh’d with plenty of all forts of Provifions, fenthim from
the Governor Toparimaca, who inhabited the pleafant Village Arowocay, built on a
little Hill, furrounded with delightful Gardens, and Fields till’d by the Negro’s ;
who accommodating Raleigh with an experienc’d Pilot, he fet. Sail with a frefh
Eafterly Wind, and Weftward faw the Iles Affapana, twenty five Leagues long, and
fix broad, and Jwana, of the fame bignefs. The River Orinoque hath here thirty
Leagues in breadth, and receives the Rivers Arrawopana and Europa: He Sail’d next
by the Ifles Ocaywita and Putayma, oppofite to which on the Main Land appears the
Mountain Oecope, whofe top reacheth the Clouds; on the right fide a Plain Coun.
trey difcover‘d it felf avaft way, which the Pilot faid was call’d The Plain of Sayma}
extending Northerly a hundred and twenty Leagues to Cumana and Caracas, inhae
bited by four forts of People, viz, the Saymas, Affaways, Wikeries, and Aroras ; which
laft, being a Coal-black People, us’d poyfon’d Arrows. Raleigh: pafling between
the two Mountains Aroami and dio, came to an Anchor near the Ifland Murfcolima,
and from thence into the Haven Morequito, where the King Topiawari, a hundred and
ten years of age,brought all forts of Fruit,Poultrey,Fifh and Flefh,and gave him an
Account of the Condition of Guiana, viz. That the whole Countrey fromthe Moun- —
tains Waccarima to Emeria,bore the Name of Guiana,the Inhabitants calling themfelves _
Orinoque Poni ; on the other fide of the faid Mountains lies the {pacious ‘Valley
Amariocapana, where the Guianiatas vefide. Southerly the Oreiones and Epuremei, who
coming out of a ftrange Countrey, have deftroy’d the ancient Inhabitants, lea-
ving onely the Awaaawaqueri and Ca/sipagoios. “The Epuremei built the ftately City Ma-
| carewarai there. But Raleigh going on his Journey faw the Mland Caiama, and canie
to the Mouth of the River Caroli, whofe ftrong Current he was not able'to ftem,
wherefore he defir’d Aid from Wanuretona, Governor of Canuria, who furnith’d him
with Provifions, and Mento Toehim up the fore-mention’d Stream ; and inform’d .
him that the River Caroli, which {prung out of the Lake CafSipa, was inhabited
on
one fide by the Iwarawakeri, and the Lake Cafsipa by three powerful People, viz. ‘the
CafSapagotos, Eparagotos and Arawogotos, all mortal Enemies to the Spaniards ; where-
upon Kaleigh fent fome of his Men thither, who return’d with great hopes of find-
ing rich Gold-Mines,. The fore-mention’d Lake alfo produces the Rivers Aroi,
Atoica, and Caora, near which dwell the Ewaipanoma, who have neither Necks nor
Chins, but their Mouthes juft upon their Shoulders. Towards the North’ the
Riz’
ver Cari falls into the Orinoque, and on the Weft the Stream Limo; between both
which the Cannibals refide, whofe Metropolis call’d Acamacari is very famous for
their ftrange way of Trading; for there the Women are brought to Market,
and
bought by the Arwaccas :- But becaufe great Showers of Rain fell daily, andthe -
Stream
 Chap, VIII. AMERICA.
Scream Caroli glided downwards with extraordinary force, Raleigh return’d to Mores
quito; from whence Putima, King of Warapana, conduéed him toa rich Golden
Mountain in his Countrey, and along the Rivers Mana, Oiana, and Cumaca, to the
place where the,Orinoque divides it felf into three excellent Streams, the chiefeft
whereof, call’d Cararoopana, wathes thé Province Emeria, out of whofe Mountains
the Rivers Waracayari, Coirama, Akaniri, and Iparoma, glide to the Northern Ocean ,
as alfo the Araturi, Amacura, Barima, Wana, Morooca, Paroma, and Wyni, all Branches of
the River Orinoque : from whence Raleigh return’d home to England.
Not long after he fent Laurence Keymes and ‘Thomas Mafham back to Guiana:
Keymes found out all the Rivers between the Amazones and the Orinoque, and Mafham
the Stream Wiapoco ; from whence both return’d without any farther fuccefs.
After this the Bufinefs lay ftill for a while, in regard Sir Walter Raleigh being (to. S*
gether with Grey, Cobham, and the Romifh Priefts, Watfon and Clark) found guilty of dma for
High Treafon,was Condemn’d to die ; but being Repriev’d by the King,was kept a Treafon,

Prifoner in the Tower for the {pace of fourteen years ; during which time he wrote a
Defcription of Guiana; which the King perufing, was fo well pleas’d with it, efpe-
cially fince he undertook to make out by feveral Reafons, that England might make
it felf Mafter of divers Gold-Mines there, to-which Spain could lay no manner of
Claim, that he difcharg’d him out of Prifon, and permitted him to make a fecond He is Re:
Expedition : Whereupon with ten Ships, Amo 1617. he fet Sail for Guiana again ; fen again to
being tofs’d with divers Storms, he at laft came with five Sail to the River Calliana, Guiana,
?

where he fell dangeroufly fick, and therefore’ fent Captain Keymes with five Sail‘to
the River Orinoque, to’condué& the Men to the Gold-Mines ;\each Ship carrying
fifty Men, andthe other Captains being Parker, “North, Thornap, and Sir Walter Ra-
leigh’s Son. The Spaniards having a Garrifon at Orinoque, fir'd very fiercely at the
Englifh, who {uffer’d great damage, and amongft divers others, Captain Raleigh him-
felf was flain, whileft the other five Sail lay near the Ifland Trinidad, under John
Pennington’s Command, who daily fear’d the Spanifh Fleet. But Keymes found it
very difficult to Land in Orinogue, by reafon of the Banks along the Shore, which
Diego de Palameque from Puerto Rico kept rongly guarded ; therefore going to an
even Shore with intention to Land, he was fo fharply receiv’d by a Body of Spani(h
Mafquetteers, that divers of his Men were mortally wounded ; yet breaking in
amongft them, he went towards the Gold-Mines, to which the Way led through a
Wood where the Spaniards lay in Ambufcade ; but he judg’d himfelf too weak to
do any good upon the Mines, one of which belong’d to Peter Rodrigo de Parama, a
fecond to Herviano Frontino, and the third to Francifco Fafhardo : The Englifh alfo
were fearful, by reafon of the Spaniards Cruelties, who not long before had flay’d
feveral Merchants alive; fo that Keymes contented himfelf with pillaging and burn-
ing the Town St. Thomas, which the Spaniards had deferted. Soon after’ whic
Captain Whitby ran away witha Ship fromthe Fleet, whileft Keymes return’d back
to Raleigh, who laid feveral things to his Charge concerning the unneceflary Ex-
pence and fhame of fuch anunfuccefsful Voyage ; which fo wrought upon Keymes,
that he offer’d to lay violent hands on himfelf in his Cabbin.. At length Raleigh
returning to London, was accus’d by the Spanifh Ambaflador Gundamor for the burn-
ing St. Thomas, urging that his Mafter refented it fo ill, that he threatned to wage a
War with England if Raleigh was not Executed; who notwithftanding he alledg’d,
_ That the Spaniards fhew’d the firft Ads of Hoftility againft the Englifh, who onely
defended themfelves ; and that St. Thomas was burnt without his knowledge or
Order ; and that Keymes had not obferv’d his Command in the difcovering of the
Gold-Mines, (which Apologies were generally look’d upon as real Truths) yet
the
 616 | AMERICA. Chap. Vill.
the King efteeming the Peace with Spain of more value than one Man’s Life,
without taking notice of Gundenior’s Accufations, commanded that the Sentence
formerly pafs’d on him for Treafon fhould be Executed, and accordingly in the fix.
tieth year of his Age he was Beheaded, difcovering himfelf, by his Chriftian Beha-
vior and Profeffion at his Death, to be a far other kind of Perfon than what the
World had cenfur’d himto be. |
Since this laft Expedition of Six Walter Raleigh, wefind not that there hath been
any great Refott or Trade unto this Countrey, except by a few Netherland Mere
chants, who have yearly fent eight or nine Ships to the River Orinoque for Tos
bacco.
Therempe- As for the Air or Climate of Guiana, it is very differing, for about the Amazone
Aix River, dry Weather begins about “ugu/t, and the windy and rainy Seafon about
February ; but Weftward cowards Orinoque, the Summer takes beginning in Offober,
and the Winter in April, the Days and Nights are almoft of an equal length, and
the difference of Heat and Gold is but little. Spst
Burning-Feavers, Dropfie, and the Jawnes,deftroy many People here; which laft
is not unlike the @OX, and proceeds from carnal Copulation with the Guianian
Women, who are naturally fuibjeét to this Difeate. :
The Nature The Inhabitants are divided into feveral forts, the chiefeft whereof being the
bias, (aribbees go naked, covering onely their Privities with a Lappet. The Women,
though yellow, are very comely ; and both Men and Women ‘paint their Bodies
with Netto, which grows on little Trees in Cods: They make Holes throughtheir ,
Nofes, Lips and Ears, and hang Glafs, Bells, pieces of Copper, or any other Trifles
thatthey get from the Englifh and Netherlanders,in them : About their Necks, ‘Arms
and Legs, they wear Strings of Beads, or Cockle-fhells. |
Their Houfes with low Roofs, ferve them onely to fleep in. the Night upon
Cotton Hammocks, for in the day-time they fit under high Arch’d open places, that
the Wind may blow fullupon them. Their Houfhold-ftuff confifts of Earthen
Pots and Difhes neatly painted. They live in Tribes or Families together in a
Town, which is Govern’d by the eldeft of chem ; and their Militia is Commanded
by one that is able to endure moft Stripes with Switches without any fhew of pain, .
The chiefeft of their Families have commonly three or four Wives, whereas others
are contented withone. The Men feldom do any toilfom Work, but make their
Wives do all, infomuch thatas fodn'as a Woman is Deliver’d of a Child, fhe muft
immediately go about her ufual Employment, whileft her Husband lies lozelling
outhisMoneth on a Hammock. seen
Their Language founds not unpleafantly, but is hard to learn, becanfe many
words differ but little in the pronunciation, and yet have quite another figni-
fication. , | « fh
When they march into the Field againft their Enemies, then the General fends
a Stick to all the Villages under his Jurifdiaion, on which are cut fo many
Notches as there are Days appointed before he intends to fet forth, which they cut
out again as the Days expire, and/on the laft they repair to the appointed place.
A not much unlike Cuftom they obferve in all Promifes.and Bargains ; for they
give one another as many Sticks as they defire Days to perform the fame in, and
fo throw away every day one, till they have onely one remaining, and then they
begin to think of performing their Promife or Bargain. rae ted
They know no word whereby to exprefs any greater number than Ten;
Twenty they exprefs by laying their ten Fingerson their Toes, and all that ex-
ceeds Twenty, they compare to the/Hairs of their Head, crying Oun/a awara, |
: | Some
 Chap. VII- =) eA MER ICA 617
- Some of the painted Canoos made of the Trunks of Trees, will
carry five or fix
Tuns.
In their Wars they ufe Bowes, poyfon’d Arrows, fhort. Truncheons of
{peckled Their man-
Wood, and Shields full of cary’d Images, and Fight without ner of Fights
any Order. They GO ing, Religi-
upon no Defign but in the Night, and upon certain advantages. All n, Oe,
Woimen and~
Children which they take Prifoners, are fold for Slaves, but the Men are
cruelly
put to death.
There is but little of Religion that can be afetib’d to thefe Peopl
e, onely that
fome fhew Reverence to the Sun and Moon, which they belie
ve are both living
Creatures ; but they make no Offerings tothem.
Their Funeral-Feafts for great Perfons are ftrangely kept, viz.
all the Men ma-
king themfelves Drunk with the Liquor Parranoro, Dance three
or four days one
after another, and he that drinks moft; and-is worft Drunk, gains the
greateft Hoe
‘nor, whileft the Women lament and mourn for the Deceafed.
|
Their Priefts, call’d Peeaios, are in great efteem amongft them, becanf
e they pre-
tend that they Converfe with the Spirits Wattipa and Yarakin, which the Guianians ex.
ceedingly fear, apprehending themfelves often beaten black and blue by them.
The Peeaios alfo profefs themfélves to be Chirufgeonsand Doétors, but if
they
cure not their Patients, they go in danger of their Lives, unlefs they Ipeedi
ly get
away. Tas
They burn their dead Bodies, together with thofe things the Deceafed affected
moft in his Life-time. A Prince or Governor alfo hath his Slaves putto to death
at the time when he is burn’d, that they may ferve him in the other World,
TheCaffavi-Root prefs'd, boyl’d with Pepper, dry’d and bak’d on hot Stones,
Theit Dread.
ferves the Natives for Bread.
. Each Grain that is Sow’n here produces in Harveft above fifteen hundred.
Their Corn makes wholfom and well tafted Beer, call’d Pafsiaw, and of their
ftamp’d Caffavithey make the Liquor Parranow. |
In hollow Trees, and Caves under Ground, they find abundance of Honey ; and
their Vines afford them excellent Grapes twice a year. |
No Plant is ever feen here without either Leaf, Bloffom, or Fruic, except the
_ European Apple-Tree, which never changesitsnature, but bloffoms and bears Fruit
at the fame time of the year as in Burope.
The wild Hogs Pokkievo, whole Navels grow on their Backs ;and the Pangio,
not unlike our Swine, afford the Inhabitants excellent Food. :
Here arealfo Water-hogs, of a very delicious tafte; but becaufe they are very
apprehenfive, and dive at the leaft noife, they are {eldom taken.
The Woods are full of Baboons and Apes, as alfo the floththful Beat 4.
‘The Hates here, being of a brown Colour, with white Specks, and the red Rab-
bets, are accounted great Delicacies.
There isno Countrey in’ America, which breeds greater Armadillo’s than Guiana,
fome of them weighing eighty Pound. |
Here are alfo Bears, which live on nothing but Pifmites , they have long hairy
Tails, with which they cover their Bodies in rainy Weather ; they put their
Tongues a Foot deep into the Pilmires Nefts, and fo pulls them out.
, The Tygers here are either black, fpotted, or red, butthe black exceed thé othet
in cruelty, yetare feldom feen near inhabited places , the {potted and ted devour
abundance of Cartel, but will feldom fet upon a Man, e(pecially in the day-time.
The Woods are alfo full of Land-Turtles, which the Inhabitants take, and keep
till they have occafion to make ule of their Plefh,
=
| ‘The
 618 AMERICA. _ Chap. VIID
The Eagles that are here with their Claws, Engage with thofe that go about toto
take them.
The Catamountains make fuch an exceeding noile at a certain hour, both it
in
the Night and in.the Day, that itis heard two Leagues off. !
The Marmozets, a little Beaft, biting the Catamountains and Apes in the a :
forces them to leap from one Tree to another.
The black Beaft Quotto hath a Face like an old Woman, and. hanging by the
Tail, {wings fromone Tree to another.
The Cufcary is a brown four-footed Creature, about the bignels of a little Dog,
but hath the fhape ofa Lyon.
Moreover, Guiana produces Teal, Geefle, Crains, Phefants, Partridges, Pigeons,
Marlins, Saipes, Falcons, Wetacs: and Parrots ofall Soden befides many other -
‘firange Fowls ; amongft chic the chiefeft are a fort whofe Feathers ae lites,
Scarlet, and eaik along in Rank and Fyle like Soldiers. ,
The: Sea produces abundance of .Turbots, Soals, Thotnback, yellow salmon,
Sturgeon, Black-fith, Gurnets, Crabs, and Oyfters,
Amongf other Fifhes, the (affoorwa, which is fomewhat bigger than an Eel, is
very Arange, having. two Sights in otk Eye, of which: it always holds one above,
and the other underneath |the Water when it {wims,
Here are alfo the great Fifhes call’d Manati and Num- eel, by which if any part of
a Man be touch-d,.ic immediately becomes ftiff.
Vermin. There are likewife divers Vermine, which trouble the Countrey Guiana, among.
which are Serpents. of thirty Foot long, that come out of the Water and feed on
the Land ; they do little hurt, asmot being poyfonous: but there are many of a
lefler fize, whale biting isi fo venomous, that it caufes the Flefh of aMan to rot in
twenty 9h hours time: others there are which have forked Tails, and Tusks in
the Roofof their Mouthes.
The Crocodiles here alfo devour abundance of Cattel.
Serangekind The Scorpions, which are black; and refemble a, Lobfter, breed under dry
| of Scorpions.
Wood or Corn; their Stings are hid in their Tails, with which if any one be
touch’d, he is furs to endure an intolerable pain, but without danger of lofing his
Life Py the prefent, yet nothing can perfeétly cure the fame, except the eres
kill’d and laid on the Wound.
The Bats here areas big as Pigeons, and they fuck the Blood of Men and
Beafts fo gently, that they feldom perceive the fame.
The Pifmires alfo'do great mifchief, efpecially in fandy Grounds ; and likewife
the Musketo’s, whofe Stings caufe painful Swellings,; but thefe mot of all trouble
them that ‘ghee near the Sea fide on low Lands, infomuch that the Fifher-men
bury themfelves in the Night in Sand, leaving onely Holes to breathe at.
Frogs and Toads alfo make a terrible noife here, andiefpecially after Rain.
Compa The Soil is inferior to nonein the World, for vt production of Sugar; but'the
Countrey. general Commodities of the Countrey are Flax, Cotton, Hemp, the Berry Annoto,
which Dyes an excellent Orange colour, another Besiy which Dyes aideep Blue,
a Tree whole Leaves Dye a Red, and the Wood of another Tree whofe Juice nye
a Purple and Crim{on.
Moreover, Guiana produces the Gums Lemnia, Barattu, and (arriman, which te ;
ing black oad prickly, {mells very pleafantly, and cures the! Head- ache Bruifes,
Pains inthe Limbs, Gouts, and green Woundsé, The fame stom hath the
Gum Baratta.
Here are alfo good Sena, Bolus iemenius , Cha Fiple,Terra:sDewibas the Berry
‘ | Kelette,
 Chap. VIEL. AMERICA, | 619
Kelette, very effectual againft the Bloody-flux, the Juice
of the Leaf Upee, which
cures the Wounds of poyfon’d Arrows, and a fort of fomn
iferous Apples, whereof
the leaft bite occafions a deadly Sleep.
There is alfoa Tree, generally growing about the Houf
es of the Natives, the
Boughs whereof bruis’d between two Stones, and
thrown into the Creeks of deep
Water full of Fifth, caufe them to fwim above Water
upon their Backs.
The Letter-Wood, call’d Pira timinere, turns alfo to a good
account; much more
the excellent Stones, Jafper and Porphyr.
Nor are there wanting Gold and Silver-Mines, whic
h doubtlefs would yield
gteat profic, werethey open’d.
The Grain of the Countrey grows on Stalks feven
Foot long,on the tops whereof
hang two Ears full of Kernels as bigas Peafe, which ripens
in four Moneths.
The Sugar-Canes, being of the bignefs of a Man’s
Arm, and about fix Foot
long, are atthe years end cut off, broken and prefs
’d ina Mill ; after which the
Juice boyl’d in Copper Kettles to a certain Subftance,
is put into woodden Tun.
nels, {quare at the top, and narrow at bottom, with’a
finall Hole, which is open’d
as foon as the Sugar is fufficiently hardned, to let out
the Sytrup ; after which ic
is put into Hogfheads, and fo Tranfported.
~The Negro’s which are brought from Angola and Guinee, are
fo cruelly us’d, thac
they oftentimes through defpair deftroy themfelves.
The whole Countrey of Guiana is by feveral modern Write
rs methodically divi-
ded into thefe inferior or leffer Provinces, 1. Rio de las
Amazones. 2. Wiapoco, or
Guiana, properly fo call’d. 3. Orenoque ; and 4. The IMlands
of Guiana.
Rio de las Amazones, or the Countrey of the Amazones, conta
ins all that part of Rio de tos
Guiana which lieth on both fides of the River Orellano, of
a rich and good Soil, genes Amazoues, }

rally, abounding with. all forts of Fruits, and efpecially

with thofe which the
Americans call Totok, and love it extreamly, out of an opini
on, they fay, that it ex-
cites them to Venery, whereunto they are of themfelves
but too much inclin’d :
and another which they call Pita, of a tafte far more delic
ious and pleafing, and
not fo hurtfulas the other. The Countrey was firft difco
ver’d by the fore-mention’d
Francifco Orellana, a Spaniard from Quito, bur it was onely by the
River Orellana ; and
though he be credibly reported to have Sail’d no lefs
than eighteen hundred
Leagues down the Stream, and to have difcover’d a richand fair Coun
trey on both
fides the River, well peopled with Natives, and giving in diver
s places no {mall
Arguments of greater Wealth and Riches more within Land ; yet fuch was
the bad
fuccefs of his fecond Endeavors, and likewife of thofe that follo
w’d him, as is evi-
dent from what hath been before related, that, as yet, there feems no
farther Re-
port to be given, at leaft not of any thing {pecial, concerning
that part of the
Countrey.
Wiapoco, or Guiana, properly focall’d, taketh up the middle part of this Province, Wraps,
being divided, as the other, almof into two equal parts, by the River ana .pro*
Wiapoco, pe! y fo ‘alld
which runs through the midft of it. The Countrey on both fides of the
River is
very rich and fertile, and fo naturally apt, ‘both for Sugar-Canes, Cotton-Woo
ll,
and Tobacco, that they are faid to grow here (all of them very good) witho
ut
. Planting, or any art of Husbandry. In this Countrey likewife fhould
be the fa-
«mous Dorada, as the Spaniards callit, or (ity of Gold (if it could be found)
with the
reports and hopes whereof fome of our own Nation {eem to have been
not a little
poffefs'd as well as the Spaniards : not can we much blame them; for if the Stories of
it had prov’d true, ic muft have been one of the eoodlieft and faireft Cities in the
World (not to {peak of the Wealth.) Diego de Ordas, the Spaniard of whom “0 psi
ately
 620 | AMERICA | Chap. IX.
lately had’occafion to make frequent mention of, being reported by fome to have
travell’d one whole day, and half another in it, before he could arrive at the King’s
Palace; which yet muft be fuppos'd to have ftood but in the midft of the City.
Places of lefsMagnificence, but more Certainty, are 1. (aripo, which was once a
Colony ofEnglifh, fetled there by Captain Robert Harcourt, Anno 1608+,upon the -
Banks of Wiapoco, and not far from the Mouth of it ; being a place, by the advan-
tage of aRock, which it-hath on the one fide of it, of great ftrength and very dif-
ficult accefs; the Air about it found, and faid to be very agreeable to Englifh Bodies.
2. Gomaribo, a Colony formerly of the Dutch, on the North: Weft fide of the Bay of
Wiapoco, but fince deferted by them. 3.Woyemon, 4. Crewinay, both of them Towns
not far -diftant from the other. |
of the Natives)
Orinogue. Orinogue, or'the third Divifion of this Province, comprehendeth the moft Nor-
therly parts of Guiana, lying upon, or towards the Banks of this famous River: a
Countrey likewife reported to be very rich, and comparable to Peru it felf for hids
den Treafure, which, they fay, is not-yet difcoyer’d, onely for wantof diligent and
induftrious fearching.| The Places init already known are onely 1. Coniolaba, as
they call it; which {cems to be fome. Town of the Natives, lying a few Leagues di-
ftant from the Orinoque, towards the South. 2+ Morequito, a known Port.or Haven-
Town upon a Branch of the Orinoque, much frequented, and. of great ufe to the Eng-
lifh when they difcover’d thefe Coalts. 3: Wenicapora : and, 4. St. Thomas, the onely
Town which the Spaniards hold upon this part of the Continent, firuate upon the
principal Channel of the Orinogue, and confifting of two hundred Families, or
thereabouts : Ivisnow a fortifi’dPlace, and was taken by Sir Walter Raleigh, in that
unfortunate A@ion of 1617. above related more at large.
ine ae ssA Iflands that belong to, and are commonly reckon’d as parts of Guiana, are
Guise. either fach as lie {catter’d about the Shore of the Province, orfuch as are found at
the Mouth, and fometime far within the Channel of thofegreat Rivers, which em-
pty themfelves at feveral. parts of this Countrey into the Sea, viz, Orinoque, Wiapoco,
Rio de las Amnaxonés, &c. There are many of them, but of any great name or efteem,
onely two, viz, Trinidadoand Tabago, the Defcription whereof we fhall here omit,
as having already taken notice of them amongtt the Sotavents and Caribbee Iflands.

Paria, or New Andalufia.

ginierion a Y T \ J Efward of Guiana lieth the Countrey of Paria, fo-call’d from its chief
efcription *
otene River: It hath alfo the Denomination of New Andalufia, but for
| | what refemblance with Andalufia of Old Spain, they do not tellus. 9
This Countrey lying as it doth, brings us back again by the Eaftern Coaft to
the I/thmys or Strait, which, as we have often faid, joyns the two parts of the Con-
tinof entAmerica together, at leaft- to thofe Countreys that lie next upon it to the
South, viz. the Kingdom of Granada, &c. It hath on the Eaft Guiana, and thole
Iflands which lie about the Mouth of Orinogue; on the Weft, the Gulf,or Bay of
Venezuela, with fome part of the.new Kingdom abovefaid; on the North itis
wath'd with the Atlantick Ocean ; and on the South hath fome Countreys yet uns
difcover’d, toward the Andes. The whole confifteth partly of Continent, and
partly
 ? | |
Cliap. IX. =f “AMER IC #4. | Out
partly of Mlands near adjoyning to it, and is commonly divided into five feveral
Precinétsor Parts, which are i. Cumana. 2: Venezuela, being upon the Continent:
3. Margareta. 4. (ubagua, two Mflands above. mention’d; famous for Pearl-fifhing ,
and laftly, fome leffer Iflands.

Se crrse Ili

Cumana.
nae is bounded Eaftward with the Gulf of Paria ahd the River Orinoque s soune
on the Weft, with Venezuela, Northward it hath the Atlantick ; and on Bek"
~ the South, thofe undifcover’d Countreys above mention’d ; extending as of Camans.,
long the Northern Ocean, overagainft Margareta, two hundred Leagues or more,
as fome fay, in length, and not much lefs than a hundred in breadth.
The Coaft of this Countrey, as well as of the Iflands Margareta and Cabagua, hath
formerly been much fam’d for the rich Trade of Pearls and Pearl-fifhing ; which
failing, its principal efteem now is for an excellent Vein of Salt, which they dig
here as out of a’Mine, and gather it naturally made ready to their Hands, not half
a Mile from the Sea fide, on the back fide of the Promontory or Cape, by fome
call’d Punto de Araya, and by others for this reafon Cape de Salinas.
Places of chiefeft confideration here, are 1. Cumana it (elf, a Colony of Spaniards towns ana
feated on the Banks of alitcle River two Miles diftant from the Sea, where it hath note.
Places of

a good Harbor. | bal cont )

2. St. Jago, avery ftrong Fortrefs, which the Spaniards of late years have buile,
for the defence and fecurity of the Salt-works againft the Dutch, who began to
Trade much that way, and in the Year 1622, had a Defign to have made them.
_ felves Mafters of the, Place. |
_ 3+ St. Michael: de Neveri,.another Fortrefs of theirs, ftanding upon a River
bearing, the fame Name.
a
4. Guaniba, a-Town of the Natives. ar |
_ This Countrey of Cumana, being generally infefted with terrible Crocodiles,
hath.a large Inlet call’d Cariaco, which flows fourteen Leagues into the Countrey.
-The'Men of this Countrey wear Cotton Cloaks, and anointing their Bodies Miainers and
with.Gum, ftick the fame full of Feathers. ultoms of
the People,
When they goto Wars, or toa general Feaft,then they fhavetheir Hair offabove
their Ears, pull out their Beards, and black their Teeth witha certain Herb.
Their Princes and Grandees take as many Wives asthey pleafe, and give tothofe
of their Guefts whom they intend. moft.to. oblige, their choice of the faire of
_ them to lie with. : |
Whoring is accounted no fhame, except amongft Marry'd Women, who gene-
rally live very Chafte, unlefs their Husbands confent totheir Adultery. 3
The Women alfo Hunt, Fifh, Shoot, and Swim, and are diligent in Tilling
their Lands, and other Houfhold: Affairs., Moft of them have fore Eyes, occafion’d
not fo much (as fome wrongfully fuppofe) by their drinking of the Water out of
the Stream Cumana,
but proceeding rather from their unwholfom Food, as Spiders,
and the like. he .
Amongeft the feveral forts.of Trees that grow-here, there are fome' that yield a
white well {cented Gum, or delicious Juice like Milk, and produce a Fruit not un-
like a Mulberry, which may be boyl’d to an excellent Syrrup ; the Wood alfo
ftrikes Fire: There are others, whofe Timber is good for Shipping.
. Li! The
 6a AMERICA - Chap. 1X,
The Soil alfo produces Ca/fia-Fiftula, Rofes, and other ftrong: (melling Flowers
and Herbs. 7
For Beafts, befides Lyons, Tygers, and wild Hogs, there are feveral ftrange
kinds here, as the Cappa, which is bigger than an Afs, having fhaggy and black
Hair ; it runs away from Mankind, but devours whafoever elfe it meets with. |
The Aranata, which hath a Goats Beard, and is of the bignels of a Greyhound ;
it howls very dreadfully,
and feeds on Fruits.
The wild Cats which breed here, leap, though great with Voting from one
Tree to another.
Inthe Evening a Beaft like a lean Dog comes to their His; cries like a Child,
and devours all thofe it meets abroad ;wherefore every one tht goes out inthe
Night carries a lighted Stick with him, ‘for this Beaft dreads thefight of Fire.
The Trees give Harbor to great ayiwtbets of Parrots, nizeother fine Feather’ d
Birds.
The Bats here are very large and hurtful, fucking the Blood fiom Men and
Beafts.
The Mufchito’s alfo do very much plague and vex'the pahabiucien
The Spiders, much biggensthan thofe of Europe, and of ne colours, make very
{trong Cobwebs. 7
Along the Sea-Coaft, and in the Rivers is oleiey of delicions Fifh.
Dominicans Anno 1513. two Dominican Fryers went over from Terra Firma to Cumuana, where
bythe Na- the Natives kindly Entertain’d them, till a Spanifh Ship Anchoring there fer the
uF : Pearl-Trade, carry’d away by vititenes the Governor and feventeen of his Servants;
whereupon the Natives threarned, that unlefs theit Lord was reftor'd, they would
put the two Dominicans to death ;the Spaniards promifi ng reltanitution ofhint four
Moneths time, inform’d the Council at Aifpaniola of it, who not confenting to
his Réleafenients the two Monks were, according the fovmnee threatning, prefently
putto death. Yet after this the Franci/cans and Dominicans built'each of them a
Cloyfter in the Province of Chiribichi, where they kept friendly Correfpondence
donee de o. With the Cumana’s, vill Anno 1520. when Alonfo de Ojeda coming to an Anchor before
see an) Maracapana, under pretence of bartering Maiz for Spanifh Goods with the’ Tagarez,
who came about fifty from the Mountains on which they liv'd, being three Leagues
up inthe Countrey,and brought Maiz down tothe Shere; the \Spatards took thirty
fix of them Prifoners, and kill’d or wounded the ret: Whereupon the Govet-
nor Gonzales being conplaiat d unto by the neighboring Prince Maraguey, and his
affiftance defir'd in taking Revenge of the Dominicans and Francifcans, who had
urg'd and perfwaded Ojeda to the foreemention’d Att, Gonzales hereupon made an
Agreement with Maraguey, that he fhould deftroy the Monks, ~whileft he himfelf
would kill Ojeda, which they accordingly perform’d. The Council in St. Domingo
inform’d hereof, immediately fent three Ships, Mann’d with three hundred Men,
under the Command of Gongalvo de Ocampo, who Anchoring in the Haven of Mura-
capand, feign’d as if he came newly from Spain, and that he knew nothing of
the Bufinefs between Ojeda.and Gonzales, that fo he might entice ‘the Natives into
his Ship, and accordingly when divers of them came aboard, the Armed Spani-
ards ftarted from under the Decks, and hung themup at their Yard-arms, burnt the
Village Maracapana, and ruin’d the Countrey far and near with Fire and Sword.
OLaups allo built the Town Toledo, abous half a League farther into the Coun- ©
trey, where the Bifhop Bartholomew de las Cafas, making his Vifitation, commanded
Ocamps to forbear his cruelty againft the Natives, he having daily either burnt,
hang’d, beheaded, or made Slaves of fome or other of them. (a/as alfo caus‘’d a
little
 ———_—

Chap. IX. AMER IC Az. 623 _-

=2
wt
->
A
-—_

little Fort to be-built.at the Mouth of the River (umana, to be near to prevent the
a
-
Sa.
=.

inhumane Murders and Oppreffions committed by his Countrey-men ; but bes ~—

caufe the Inbabitants of Cubagua bereav’d him of his chief Builder, his Fort was left
half unfinifh’d ; wherefore Ca/as leaving the Command of this Countrey to Fran-
cifco de Soto, went back to Hijpaniola, where in St. Domingo he made his Complaints ~

to the High Court of Juftice of the Spaniards Cruelties; but being little regarded, -

he went intothe Dominicans Cloyfter, till he was call’d out and made Bifhop of +

Chiapa. Mean while Soto, contrary to Cafas

his order, had fitted out two Ships to ———
ae
—-

Trade along the Coaft of Paria ; but the Expedition prov’d very unfuccefsful, for Frithal
he and all his Men were deftroy’d by the Natives; not without juft reafon, for the fy¢>ythe
Spaniards (according to the Relation of Cafas from an Eye-witnefs) deftroy'd this
Countrey-after fuch a manner, that a Ship Sail’d between Lucago and Hi/paniola fixty
Leagues without any Compafs, finding the Way onely bythe floating of dead
Bodies, thrown out of the Spanifh Ships. Moreover, the Prifoners fainting, were
fet afhore on Hifpaniola, and divided into Companies, each Company confifting of
‘twenty ; Parents feparated from their Children, and Husbands from their Wives,
and Lots caft for them: thofe that had either fick, decrepid, or old People fall to
theit fhare, us’d to cry (as (afas teftifies he hath oftenheard,) What doJdo with. this
fick, decrepid old Dog 2. give bim to the Devil ; I will not put my felf to the trouble to kill and
bury him, |
But Soto’s Death was not left unreveng’d ; for not long after Jacob Caftellon
fetting Sail from St. Domingo, left feveral Companies on (ubagua, to re-build the
Town Cadiz, and rais’d a Fort at. the Mouth of Cumana, which hath ever fince been
kept by the Spaniards, who made great flaughter amongft the Natives.
Hieronymo Ortall Sailing up the Stream Negeri, fent his Lieutenant Augu/tine Del- rreronymo
gado throughthe populous Provinces: Guacharuco and Parimatuotu to the River Unare, odbybis ica
where, not withouta fharp Conflié,he took abundance ofProvifions in a Village.
In the mean time Ortall travell’d to Meta, acting inhumane Cruelties all the way ;
but approaching Guiana (where Delgado was kill’d) he was deferted by his mutinous
Men, who ran over to Nicholas Federman ; fo that he was fore’d to return back to the
new Fort Miguel de Neveri, and from thence to St. Domingo with ten Soldiers, fearing
that Artonio. Sedenno (who judg’d himfelf wrong’d by Ortall, becaufe Cumana be-
long’d to his Lordfhip) would fall upon him. | tg |
Sedenno being five hundged Men ftrong difcover’d the, Sea-Coaft all along to
Patigutaro, where Setling Him(felf, he regarded no Difcipline ;which the Natives
obferving, kill’d many a Spaniard, and others the Tygers alfo devour’d, efpecially
in the Night, they being forc’d to keep lighted Fires about them againft the wild
Beafts | |
About the beginning of the Year 1537- Sedenno travell’d to the Countrey Anapuya
and Orocomay,to the Province Goiognaney, where the Inhabitants defended themfelves
very valiantly in a woodden Fort, before which many Spaniards were kill’d with
poyfon’d Arrows, and thofe who were not mortally wounded, had no way to
efcape but by burning the Poyfon out with hot Irons ; yet at laft the Defendants
were forc’d to flie with their Wivesand Children up to the Mountains, overgrown
with Brambles. Sedenno marching through barren Fields, and-over croublefom Ri- Te Death
ot Sedeuno

vers, came to the mountainous Countrey Catapararo, where he found abundance of 34Jum
Maiz, and fome little piecesofGold, and was advanc’d about a League and a half
in Cumana, when dying, he made room for his Succeflor Juan Fernandex, who {ur-
viv'd him not long, yet the Expedition was not left unprofecuted : for Sedenno’s
Men, after the Deceafe of him and Fernandez, went farther, and difcover’dalow -
Lil 2 Land
 - oe

624. | AMERICA. Chap. IX,

Land, which in the Winter being overflow’d, fore’d the Inhabitants to remove té
the Mountains: But at laft the Spaniards, being weary with travelling, fell out
amongft themfelves, and dividing into feveral Parties, went feveral ways, fometo
Venezuela, others to Maracapana, and the reft to Cubagua.

Sect. If.

Venezuela.

A nee i“He,principal part of the Province of Veneznéla is border’d On the Eat with
Defcription
of Venezuela.
Cimana, ont the Weft, with agteat Gulf or Bay, call’d The Bay of Veneuela,
with the Lake Maracabo, and fome part of New Granada, Northwatd it
hath the Ocean, or Atlantick Sea; Southwatd , fome undifcover’d Countreys,
which, as we faid,
liebetwixtthe Andes and it. Ic ftretches ont in length from Eat
to Weft, a hundred and thitty Leagues, ot thereabouts, buc in breadch little more
than half fo much ; it was nam’d Venexnela, or Little Venice, by Alonfo de Ojeda, a Spa-
niard, who at his firft difcovery of the Countrey fell upon a Towi of the Natives,
which ftood like another Venice, allupon the Wacér, and having no'paflage to it -
but by Boats. It isa Countrey extraordinary rich in all forts of Commodities, af-
fords good Pafture for Cartel, and abundance of fair Herds of them, Oxen, Sheep,
Swine, ¢xc. plenty of Corn, and other Grain, great ftore of Venifon in the Woods,
of Fifth in the Rivers, Gold in the Mines, and therefore not likely but to be well
“towns ang PeOPled and inhabited, efpecially by the Spaniards, whofe Towns and Places of
*tinge ple chief importance are thefe, 1. Venexuela, at the moft Wefterly Confines of the
mute, Countrey, built upon the Sea, with the advantage of a double Haven, ina tem pe-
rate and good Air, andthe Soil round aboutitthe beft in the whole Province: It
isnow a Bifhop’s See, who is Suffragan to the Arch-bifhop in Ehi/paniola, and the
ordinary Refidence of the Governor.
2. Caravalleda, call’d by the Spaniards, Nueftra Sennora de Caravalleda, four{core
Leagues diftant from Venezuela towards the Eaft, upon the Sea.
. St. Fago de Leon, in the Countrey of Caracas, four orfive Leagues South ward
of Caravalleda, and fix or feven diftant from the Sea.
4. New Valentia, twenty five Leagues diftant from St. Tago.
5.. New Xeres, a Town but lately built, fifteen Beagues Southward of New
Valentia. |
6. New Segovia, but one League diftant from Xeres.
7. Tucuyo,a Place well known and frequented, for the abundance of Sugar that
is made there, and inthe Countrey round about it.
8. Truxillo, or Our Lady de la Paz, eighteen Leagues Southward of the Lake Maz
yacabo, a Place of great reforr, and much frequented ‘for Trade both’by Spaniards
‘and Natives. |
9. Laguna, a Town lying more towards the bottom of the Lake, faid to be much
haunted with Tygers; and morethan this, not much isfaid of it. |
According to the ancient Divifion of the Natives, this Province contains the
Countreys Curiana, Cuycas, Caracas, Bariquicemeto, Tuciyo, and Carora ; in which there
are eftimated to be about a hundred thoufand Inhabitants that pay Taxes ; which
Charge, according to a Law made at the Spanifh Court, all Men above fifty, and
Youth under eighteen, are freed from: yet this Countrey had fotmerly much
more People, great numbers of them being deftroy’dby the Germans, Anno 1529.
for the Bifhop Bartholomeus de las Cafas relates, That above fifty hundred thoufand
| : of
 "

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 x

Chap. IX. } “AMER IC Az. 625

Of the Inhabitants were kill’d by them, nay, they rooted outwwhole Countreys,
Notwithftanding -the Natives were ready to Entertain them with all Civility ima-
ginable , the Particulars of the Story are as followeth :
The exe
When the Emperor Charles the Fifth Marry’d with J/abella, Daughter to the King sand
Si
of Portugal, Anno 1526. the Welfares, being Dutch Gentlemen in Augsburgh,
made an
Agreement with him for a Sim of Money, to Conquer Venezuela; whithe
r they
fent Ambrofius Alfinger, and Bartholomeus Sayltar, with four hundred Foot and cighty
Horfe: Thefe Forces Landing at Venezuela, drove away Juan de Ampues,
who Sail-
ing from St. Domingo thither, had difcover’d the Coat along (oriano, and alread
y
made an Agreement with a mighty Prince of that Countrey, call’d- Mananre. But
Alfinger marching to the Lake Maracabo, deftroy’d all the Inhabitants of the Coune
caorridhipCru-
trey ‘Axaguas, though they came.to meet-him Dancing, with rich Prefents of
Gold oe
which he not regarding, kill’d them, drove fome irito a Houfe, and there cut them
.
in pieces, and burnt thofe that were got upon the Roof. From hence going
towards
the Pocabuyes, who dwelt on the Weft fide of Maracabo, amongft high Mountains,
he was Entertain’d by them a confiderable time very courteoully, and Prefented
with rich Gifts, for which at his departure he fhut up both Men, Women, and
Children, into a high Wall’d Park, where they were all to perifh, if they did not
every one pay a certain quantity of Gold to be releas’d, which not being able to
raife, they all dy'd for want of Food, After the fame manner he dealt with the
neighboring People Alcobolados, of whom he got much Gold, but not without uns
heard: of Cruelties ; for he burnt all their Villages and Houfes, ruin’d the Coun-
trey with Fire and Sword from Thamaleque to the River Lebrixa, carry'd away mae
ny of the Natives coupled together with Chains about their Necks, and each of
them loaded with at leaft a hundred pound weight of pillag’d Goods ; and as foon
as any of them began to faint under their Burthens for want of refrefhment, their
Heads were immediately cut off. But) Alfinger coming to certain cold Mountains,
was refifted by a valiant People ; in which Confli& he receiv’'d a Wound, of which
he dy’d at his return to (oro, Anno 1532. Upon which the Welfares fent Fobn Aleman
to fucceed him ; but he allo dying, made place for George de E/poira, and Nicholas
Federman, of which two E/poira being the chief, {pent three years in ranging up and
down the Countrey, without any remarkable Tranfactions, being continually ac
variance with his Lieutenant Federman.
The afore-mention’d City Venexuela, otherwife call’d Caro, and by the Natives
(orana, was, Anno 1539. taken and burnt by the Englifh.
Northward from the City, the Promontory St. Roman, in the Province of Paras oe
goana, tuns into the Sea, oppofite to the Iflands Aruba and Quuracao. ns andBet
The Countrey Paragodna is low and full of Venifon ; out ofthe middle of it rifes 3
=-

a high Mountain, the Inhabitants whereof are very hofpitable and courteous.
The Lyons that breed in this Countrey run away from Men; but on the cons
trary, the Tygers are exceeding cruel. | 7
From Coro there leads a Way up into the Countrey over the Mountain Xizaexa=
yas, to the Province Bariquicemeto. |
Between both thefe Provinces very fruitful Valleys, which produce Maiz in
: great abundance, are furrounded by wooddy Mountains, inhabited by Man-eaters,
- call’d Axaguas. | |
Anno 155%, Juande Villegas difcovering the Province Tucuyo, he found feveral rich
_Gold-Mines near the Mountain Pedro, out of which fprings the River Burio, Near sachiteis
this place he buile the Town Segovia, which, by reafon of the unwholfom Air, was LRsoeg de
foon after tranfplanted, and built on the Shore of the River Bariquicimeto; fo call’d,
LIt 3 becaufe '
 626 AMER !CA. | Chap. 1X.
becaufe the Water when touch’d, turns toan Afh-colour. The Plain Countrey
round about would be intolerable hot, did not the cool Winds that blow from the
Mountains temper the fame. | .
ofThetheNatives
Pro- The Natives divided into Tribes that
ety underftand not one another, live on Calli. *
vince Bari- bafhes, Deers-flefh, Rabbets,
and the Juice of the Cocuy.
their manner Tn the Rivers Hacarigua and Boraute, they throw the ftamp’d Root Barbafco,
ems which caufes the Fifh to appear above the Water, and -fuffer themfelves to be caught
with the Hand. |
In the Summer they all ftore themfelves with Venifon, which they catch after
this manner: They fet the dry Bufhes and Brambles on fire, which makes the
wild Hogs, Goats, Deer, Armadillo’s, Tygers, the great Serpents Bobas, and other
wild Creatures, to leap forth from their Holes and Receptacles to fhun the fame,
whileft the Hunters ftanding ready with their Bowes and Arrows, feldom mifs one
of them. | i =
In the hollow Trees near the Rivers, the Bees make abundance of Honey for
them. ay ,
Moft of the Rivers here fall into the Stream Hluriapari, which glides from the
Peruvian Mountains to the Northern Ocean. .
The Province (hioas produces plenty of Gold.
Nive nt The Natives about Segovia go naked, are very ignorant, and much addiéted to
sours Drunkennefs ; in which humor they kill one another: They live without care,
feeding on Roots till theit Maizisripe, which in fome places comes to its full ma.
turity in forty days time, and in others in three Moneths. :
Clofe by Segovia glides the Rivulet Claro, whofe clear Water goes but a {mall
Courfe from its Fountain Head, before it finks into the Ground ; in the Summer it
is very high, and in the Winter almoft defticute of Water. |
Thecomms- This Countrey breeds all forts of Fowls, but efpecially Quails and Turtle-
Comey Doves. | ios
hereaboutss = Cattell, Sheep, Goats and Hogs, increafe wonderfully here, infomuch that many
of them are driven to be fold at New Granada. | !
The Cotton-Clothes that are woven here, alfo turn to a good account.
From Segovia runs a Way through a Valley twelve Leagues long, to the Town
Tucuyo, which ftands low, but in a healthful Climate, and farrounded with Moun
tains. |
The Countrey hereabouts produces plenty of Corn, Pot-herbs, Sugar, and
Cotton ; and feeds Oxen, Cowes, Horfes, Sheep, Deer; and Goats, to which the
Tygers and Lyons do great mifchief. :
Here are Gold-Mines, but they are not open’d by reafon of the great want of
Men.
There is likewile plenty of the BezoareStones to be had here.
The Cuycas, in whofe Countrey ftands the Town Truxillo, are a valiant, but very
cruel People.
The Lake Maracabo, running forty Leagues up into the Countrey, isten Leagues
broad, Ebbs and Flows, and feeds the great Fifh Manati. oe
Weftward dwell the Pocabuyes, and Alcobolados, both quiet and rich People.
TheProvince The Province Xuruara lies towards the South behind high Mountains, inhabited
_ by the valiant (oromochos ; and towards the North from Xuruara, the Bobures, hard
by the City Merida ; the Countrey about which is unhealthful and Morafly, and
the Inhabitants exceedingly plagu’d by the Mu/chito’s.
Havens of Ve-
+ epte The Haven Maracapana is the beft in Venezuela, and lies in the Eaftern part of the
Province,
 Chap. 1X, / AMERICA. 627
Province, where the Mountains are inhabited by the wild Chiugotos, who kill and
eat all the Spaniards they can get. | .
The other Havens Weftward, not comparable to Maracapana, are Flechado, Sar-
* dinas, and Burburute, where fome Spanifh Families have a Salt-pit.
Six Leagues up in the Countrey you come to the frefh Lake Tocarigna, full ofMands and
little inhabited Ifles ; the People whereof live quietly, and barter Gold. Promonte-
a
Towards the North-Weft the Ocean makes the great Inlet Trifte, before which
lies the Ifland Bonaire, very full of Cattel, and on each fide appear the Aves and
Quaraco, which abound with Fowl. or :
The Promontory St. Roman runs twenty Leagues into the Sea, and the Cape
Coquibocoa extends farther. Between both thefe runs the Channel of Venezuela,
which touches the Lake Maracapabo. |
- Before Coquibocoa are {een the four low Iflands Monjes, with white fandy Creeks,
and fullof Trees: out ofthe middlemoft rifes a high Mountain.
On the Main Continent alfo the Mountains De Aziéyto appear with {craggy tops
beyond the Point : And the Bay Honda affords a fafe Road.
The Cape De la Vela hath on one fide the Inlet Portete, and on the other, the Vil-
lages Rancheria and Noftra Sennora de los Remedios; between both which runs the
Stream La Hacha. |
The German Commander, Nicholas Federman, intended to have built a City on
Cape Vela, Anno.1535. but finding the Ground too low and unhfruitful, the Pearls
hereabouts very {mall, and the Natives living onely on Fifh and wild Herbs, he
chang’d his Refolution.

Serer. IV,

The Ifands Margareta, Cubagua, and Coche.

NG ere we have already {poken fomething of the Iflands Margareta,
and Cubagua, in regard they are by fome reckon’d amongft the Ifles of
” Northern America; yet becaufe they are by many accounted to make upa
part of the Divifion of New Andalufia, we fhall add in this place what we have
found moft worthy of Re-mention, though much to the fame purpofe as before.
The land Margareta, difcover’d by Chriftopher Columbus, Anno 1498. contains
thirty two Leagues in circumference, hath many Woods and Paftures, yet little
frefh Water. To the Eaftward of it lie the Cliffs Te/figos, where it is very moun-
tainous, as alfo on the Eaft. Round about the fame are delicious Fifh, without
which the Natives could not live, becaufe the brackith Soil produces but little Pros
vifion.
The chiefeft thing for which this Ifland Margareta is famous, is the Péatl= The Peal.
Fifhing, for which in times pafta great Trade was driven, though of late it is rgareta.
ing of

come to littleornothing. The Spaniards, with inhumane cruelty, taught the Ne-
gros to Dive for the Pearls, for chofe that were not nimble or dextrous enough,
they beat unmercifully, dropt fcalding Wax or fcalding Oyl upon them, or ftig-
matiz’d them with hot Irons. The PearleBanks were cover’d with five, fix,
feven, or eight Fathom Water ; from whence the Negro’s pull’d the Oyfters with
fuch force, that the Blood gufh’d out of their Mouths and Nofes when they came
above Water to breath ; after which, to refrefh them; they receiv'd a*Glafs of
Wine anda Pipe of Tobacco.. The Spanifh Kiay receiv’d a fifth part of the beft
Pearls that were taken here ; but whether the Oyfters have forfaken this Place, ot
: their.
 \
e

628 AMERICA. | \_ Chap. IX.

their growth hinder’d by often Fifhing for them, we know not, but however it is,
few Pearls are found here of late years, which makes Margareta to be more and
more deferted. |
TheNature Between the Main Continent of Paria lie the Iflands Cubagua and Coche ; the firtt
crbvgus, whereof hath an’unfruitful and fulery Soil, without either Trees, Birds, and four-
footed Beatts, except Pock- Wood, Sea-Fowls, or Parrots; and (aftilian Hogs being
carry’d thither, change their Nature ftrangely; for im a fhort time their Claws
grow long and crooked. |
The King of Spain us’d formerly to receive fifteen thoufand Ducats yearly for
his fifth parc of the Pearls that were taken ; which Gain invited many thither, who
The Ciy Xe built the Town Nova Cadizon Cabugua in the Year 1521. but when the Arayans de-
baitce, Molifh’d the Monks Cloyfter on Paria, the Spaniards, being three hundred in nums
roraly 4 ber, fled from Nova Cadizto Hifpaniola, where the High Court, difpleas’d at their
cowardly deferting the Place, gave them but cool Entertainment, and fent five
Ships under the Command of Jacomo de Caftellan to Cubagua, to build new Store-
houfes in Nova Cadiz, which was afterwards reeinhabited ; but when the Pearl-
- Fifhing cealed, the Ifland and Town was at once deferted.
Oppofite to Margareta lies the Promontory Araya, behind which lies a fale Lake,
in which is found abundance of Salt, not onely above, but under the Water ; with
which the Bnglifh, Spanifh, and Dutch Ships are fraighted.
Da Vern's
Delcription
Ifaac du Verne defcribesthe Saltepans on Araya thus: “ Round about the fame
of the Sak- ¢¢ ({aith he) the Ground is craggy, barren, and of a brackifh tafte, and deftitute of
eae ek frefh Water, which is therefore fetch’d three Leagues farther out of a Brook,
‘¢ flowing fromthe Mountain Bordones into the Bay of Comena ; likewife all manner
“ of Provifions are brought from other Parts. Weftward fromthe Point Araya there
‘is a convenient Harbor where the Ships take in their Salt. Three hundred Paces
‘from the Shore lies a great Saltepan, where the Salt being firft beat in pices, is
“‘carry'd in Wheel-barrows to the Ships. The little Saltepan produces lefs Sale,
‘« and lies allo out of the way, which makes few Ships take in their Lading from ’
6 thence. 5 |
The Countrey is every where overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes, in which
breed Tygers and very poyfonous Serpents. There are likewife abundance of
Stags, Bucks, Hares, and Coneys, befides other ftrange Beafts.
lavdestenn Will Anno 1605.the Netherlanders came hither unmolefted for Salt, when eight
ict Spanifh Gallions falling unawares uponthem, ftrangely mifus'd their Seamen , but
Sma afterwards the United Netherlands having made an Agreement with Spain for a cer-
tain time, renew’d their Trade to Araya, tillthe King of Spain, having for the bet-
ter fecurity of the Place, built the Fort St. Jago, which Commanded the gteat Sale-
pan, forbad the Netherlanders from lading any more Salt ;who thereupon Storm’d.
the Fort, though to their coft, for feveral of them were kill’d, and che reft return’d
home empty. :

aeae OP Oe

Of the Ifands PasSouthern America: )

TT" chiefeft Iflands of note in the Southern part of America, that is to fay,
thofe that lie remote from the Continent im Mare del Zur, are Los Ladvones,
and the Iflands Fernandinas ; for the reft being,as we may call them,Mediter-
ranean Iflands, fall naturally under the Defcription of the Continent.
Te Los
 4

Chap. IX, | “AMERICA, 629

1. Los Ladrones, in Englith, The Iflands of Thieves, li¢asit
were in the mid-way The Iles Ler
betwixt the Main Land of America and the Philippine
lands, but fome hundreds of
Leagues diftant from either, in the fourth Degree of Nort
hern Latitude ; fo nam’d
by Ferdinand Magellan, from the pilfering difpoficion
he obfery’d in the Natives,
when he Sail’d that way for the Molucce Iflands. They were
a nimble and adive
fort of People, yet light-finger’d, tall of ftature, and going
for the moft part naked,
excellent Swimmers and Divers, and have not much more
to be {aid in their com-
mendation. |
2. The Fernandina are onely two Iflands of no great bigne
(s, lying over again{t TheWester:
the Coaft of Chile, in the three and thirtieth Degree of Sout
hern Latitude, and
about hundred Leagues, or three hundred Englifh Miles from
the Continent, yet
well ftor’d with fome leffer forts of Cattel a8 Goats, ec. good
plenty likewife of
-Venifon in the Woods, and Fith upon the Coafts ;for which reafo
n, though lying
at fome diftance, yet are they not a little frequented by the Spani
ards of Peru, who
find many geod Harbors and Roads for Shipping belonging’'to,
and about thefe
Iflands. | :
 631

\io= y)
NZ

Ph »- “4 Luke
>
ye &
NSS
Sy) |
&

CAN PETIRS

An Appendix,
CONTAINING
Partly a farther profecution of the Defcriptions of fome Provi
nces
already treated of in the foregoing Book, partly an Account of
. fome_ other Difcoveries than what have hitherto been deliver'd in
any Defcription of the NM, EW WOR,L DPD.

CHAP, .J.

Rio de la Plata.
‘ ae Pend v
etic River De la Plata, by the Natives'call'd Paranaguazu,
BS.
wy
+ Ss"

is
Ri} next to the River of the Amazones,the greateft in the World,
Wn Str
We i
= =f Mr,
! ANY’.

i)
‘ -7= and falls into the Northern Ocean between the Capes An-
———
Ax

Wi [4
{
jw =
am
tomo and Maria, lying thirty Leagues one from another :
n

It receives from Eaft and Weft divers Rivers as far as the

i
inal
TOM
h
Lake Xarays, lying three hundred Leagues up in the Coun-
|
See} =
trey from the Mouth of La Plata. Alfo into the foreemen-
See y.

tion’d Lake fall feveral Streams, which fpring out of the

Peruvian Mountains Andes. |
The firft that Sail’d into this great River, Anno 1515. to an Ifland lying in the
middle of it; was Jobe Dias de Solis, who tathly going afhore, was kill’d and
eaten, together with feveral Portugue/es. | |
Eleven years after this Accident, Sebaftian Gabottus fet Sail from Spain to go to the Gane
Gabottus his
Spicy Iflands through the Straights of Magellan, but was fore’d, for want of Provie ©?!
. °
fions, and the unwillingnefs of his Seamen, to put into the River La Plata; in
. « ¥ n
” a)
a wir Te
5!

a
,_ ~~

which being advanc’d thirty Leagues, he Anchor’d near an Ifland, which’he call’d
St. Gabriel: from whence going feven farther, he difcover’d a Stream which fell
into La Plata, This River he call’d St. Salvador, and caft up a Fort at the Mouth
of it, where an Inlet afforded a convenient Harbor for Shipping ; he found the
River La Plata to be generally ten Leagues broad, and full of Ifles ; and to the Weft-
ward of it, the River Zaracaranna, inhabited on the South fide by a fubril People
call’d Diagnitas. At the place where Zaracaranna difembogues into La Plata he built
a Caftle, and calling the fame Caftello di Santo Spirito, went up farther, leaving on
the Weft fide the People Tenbues, Mequaretas, Mepenes, and Aigais ; to the Eaftward,
the Quiloaca
gunss and
ep Santana,
: and ftruck up out of, the River La Plata, North-Eaft into
the
 mt \ |
632 eA MERI C AL | ey Chap. &

the Stream Parana, in which he had gone, two hundred Leagues, and pafs’d by
mahy Ifles, when he went out of the fame into the Stream Paraguay ; where being
fer'upon by the Countrey People, .who were bufie in Tilling the Ground, he loft
fo many of his Men, that he was forced, without any farther Exploit, to return
wich che Portugue/e Pilot, Diego Garcia, who Sailing up the fame River, had met
with Gabottws in Paria, and becaufe both had gotten fome Silver, they call’d the
River, from that Metal, Dela Plata. The fatther Difcovery whereof lay neglected
~ nine years after, when Peter Mendoza Sailing with eleven Ships, carrying eight hun-
dred Men, to the Ifland Gabriel, ‘built the Fort Buenos Ayres, on the South fide ofir,
where many People dying of Hunger, little was done. fe .
Alvares Cabeca not long after following Mendoza’s footfteps, difcover’d and peo-
pled the Province Rio de la Plata. The Mouth of the River La Plata Laurence Bikker
defcribes thus : ' rae
Laurence Bik. ** Beyond the Cape Santa Maria (faith he) lies the flat Ifland Caftilhos, having
wre of Ro ¢¢ featcea Treeupon it; buton the North fide a Rock, not unlike a decay’d Caftle
Hels Plats. ¢e + the Southward of which appear two other Cliffs; direétly before the Mouth
“Ties the ftonie Iland De Lobos, on which'nothing is to be found but Sea-Wolves ;
“towards the Eaft a ftonie Bank runs a good way into the River, known by the
“‘ breaking of the Water upon the fame. | }
The Promontory Maria is low and barren, but within the fame the Land rifes
high before the Ifles Flores and Maldonado, which laft hath a good fandy Shore, Har-
bor, and frefh Water between the Rocks; but Flores rifing with two Hills, pro-
duces nothing but Brambles. | |
The Stream Solis alfo difcharges its Waters in La Plata, near the! Place where the
Mountain Seredo lies. ;
The left Shore of La Plata begins at the Promontory Antonio, and is cut through
by the Rivers Ortis and Los Sanétos, where the Town, Buenos Ayres is built on a
{mooth Shore. . .
atwtin dt Martin del Barco proceeding in the Defcription of La Plata, faith that it is dan-
fcription of <BeKOUS, by reafon’ of the:many Shelves that are in the fame. The Ifles in the River
"are as followeth + thofé that bear the Name of St. Gabriel are five in number,
Garcia Mle is full of Trees, and for its fertility was peopled by Peter de Mendoza,
and afterwards by Juan Ortiz, Carate: But lefs fruitful are the Ifles De Lazaro, where.
the River /rayg unites with La Plata, being before fill’d with the Waters of Salvador,
which receives the black Stream Negro, which gliding flowly from Moraffes, is very
full of Bifh... Moreover, La Plata hath eleven Arms, each very deep and -full.of
Ifles, inhabited by the Guaranias. | | j 385
About a hundred Leagues farther the (herandies have fetled themfelves.onm pleae
fant Ifles, lying not far from the City Se. Fe, built on the Point which makes the
River Bermeio; where it falls into La Plata. » Lo Sisdenil ol -
Farther up lies the Province dua, partly well inhabited |for its fertility, and
partly overflow’d. r | 3 AB
Next appears the Rock. Pennapobre,. and not far from the Town Guayra, La Plata
falls very high from the Rocks. SY ) 791 te
tad But as concerning the Natives. of this Countrey,it is\inhabited by divers forts of
Countrey. “People, differing from one another both in Guftoms and Language. Onthe South
fide of the fore-mention’d River, from the Promontoty Antonio to. Buenos Ayres,
dwell thé Quirandies, a ftout, but cruel People, who! with the Flefh ofimany a Spas
niard oftentimes keep.a merry Feaft. Farther into the Countrey runjthe Juries and
Diagnitas. Along La Plata lie alfo {catter’d the Tenbues, a civil People,. who live
 Chap. [. T AMERICA. 633
by Fithing, Near the River Paraguay the Ameguaes obferve the fame manntr of Life,
But the Carioes keep Cattel, and Till their Lands. A hundred Leagues farther
dwell the Payaguades ; and yet farther into the Countrey the Chames and Carcares pot
fels much Gold and Silver, with which Juan d’ Ayla having enrich’d himfelf here,
was deftroy’d with all his Men by the Chames, Anno 1541.
Alvarez, Nunnex Cabeca came from Spain to be Governor here, but was not able, by ons Ca:
reafon of contrary Winds and Tydesto reach La Plata; wherefore Landing at the _
~ River Itabucu, and {pending nine days in cutting 2 Way through thick Brambles,
he came to the Jurifdiction of Armiriri, and a days Journey farther to Gipoyay ; and —
not long after to. Tocanguazu, where the Guaranies, who are the Natives, have two
Harvefts every year of Maiz and Caffavi, and breed and keep Geefe, Hens and Par-
rots in their Houfes :. They are Man-eaters, and very revengeful. Cabeca having
given this Countrey the Name of Vera, he proceeded on his Journey over the Ri-
vers Ignaxu, Tibagi, and Taquari, on whofe Shore appears the Village Abangobi, and
fomewhat farther Tocanguzir. The Countrey hereabouts is very fruitful, and hath
many delightful Plains, pleafant Rivers, and Woods ; but beyond appear Hills,
Mountains, deep. Morafles, dangerous Cane-Fields, Receptacles for wild Beafts,
and great Wildernefles. (abeca having pafs’d through them all, came into the
fruitful Countrey of the Guaranies, who are a wild People, and poffefs many
large Fields of Maiz and Potato’s, alfo feveral Silver Mines. From hence travelling
Weftwardly over the River Piqueri, he {pent eighteen days before he came to the
Stream Ignazu, which fallsinto the Parana, and at laft came to the River Paraguay ;
along whofe Shore he found a People of a gigantick Stature, call’d The Agazes, who
regarded no manner of Husbandry, but went out continually a robbing in their
Canoos. Thefe People, as Martin del Barco relates, were not long after all deftroy’d
by the Spaniards.
Not far from the gazes dwell the Guaycurues, a valiant People ; and fomewhat
farther the Cacoves, whofe Countrey produces Gold and Silver ; and yetfarther in
the Countrey refide the Guaxarapos, who remove yearly to the Paraguay to Fifh there
when the Water is low ; for inthe beginning of January the River {wells fo exceed-
ingly, that the Countrey about it being overflow’d, is cover'd with above fix Fa-
thom Water. The Paraguay difcharges its Waters into the great Lake Xarayes, full
of Iflands. ]
Amongft other Rivers that {pring out of the Mountains Andes, the Ignazu, along
whofe Shore the People Xacoaes, Xaquejfes, and Chaneffes dwell, falls alfo into the
foremention’d Lake. Somewhat farther liesagreat piece of drown’d Land, be-
yond which the Xarayes have convenient Habitations, plant Maiz, and {pin Cotton :
Their Countrey borders a.great Wildernefs, which ends about the Province Tapua-
guaxn, the Inhabitants whereof, call’'d Tarapecocies, are furnifh’d with plenty of all
forts of Provifions. The Payzunces, dwelling on one fide of them, are not well
knownz.as yet. | |
Beyond the Town Affumption dwell the Mayaes, in the Way. to Peru, and border at
the Tamacoaes, both which poffefs Silver-Mines.
Between Buenos Ayres and Corduba lies the Plain-Countrey Defpoplado, hinety
Leagues long, without Trees or Houles, but is moft PaftureeGround, which feed
many thoufands of wild Horfes. From hence glide the Streams Luchan, Los Arre-
chivos,. Arreca, Zaracaranna, and others,‘into La Plata. It is very dangerous for a
fmall Company to travel through this Countrey, becaufe the ranging Juries {pare
none alive they meet with.
“Moreover, the River Grande flows with a wide Mouth into the Sea, and {preads
: oS Mmm if
 \ a oe

AMERICA \ — Chapel,
it {elf within againft the Countrey Patos. Alfo the Rivers Tamandabug; Ararungo,
and the Lake Alagoa, difembogue into the Ocean.
North-Eaft beyond Alagoa lie the Iflands (atharing and Gale; and in the Bay Toju-
qua appear feveral Ifles. |
The Streams Tajabu and Yeabuca {pring out of high Mountains, inhabited by the
People Anniriri and Cipopoy.
Laftly, the Countrey wafh’d by the Stream Ararapira, produces all forts-of Pro-
vifions. .”

The Cammel=
Sheep.
P ‘Here are inthis Countrey both tame and wild Sheep; the tame ones are
call’d Cammel-Sheep, being covet’d with long fine Wool, having Necks four
Foot long, their fore Feet cloven into four parts, their hindermoft into
two, their Mouths very wide, which they open at thofe that vex them, and make
fuch a ftink, that no body is able to abide near them ; ‘when tir’d, they fall’under
their Burdens,and will not rife, though beaten never fo much : Their Flefh is tough
like that of Horfes. The wild Mountain-Sheep are red, and have foft gloffy Wool,
which makesa Stuff like that ofa Chamlet : Thefe Sheep run {wifter than a Horfe ;
the Chilefes lead them by a Rope put through their Ears. :
The Grain
Tica.
This Countrey of Chili not onely produces Wheat, Barley, Maiz, and all mans
net of Fruit, but alfo the Teca, which growing ‘half-a Yard high, is not unlike
Barley ; the Grain thereof being dry’d'in'the Sun} ‘is threfh’d, and parcth’d in hot
Sand, then ground on a fquare flat’ Stone witha round Rowler, This Meal,
which is both exceeding wholfom and'vet'y nourifhing (for a {mall Meafure thereof
fufficeth a Man a whole Week,) ‘ferves alfo both for Meat ard’ Drink’: for being
infus'd in a greater quantity of Water, it becomes a’pleafant Drink, and kneaded
with a lefler proportion, itis made into Cakes or Loaves. LS
The Fruit
~The Frit Unni, by the Spaniards call’d Murtilla} ‘is like a “little red Grape, and
HE «
hath a taretafte. The Wine prefs'd out of this Fruitis cleat to’! the Eye; pleafing —
to the Palate, and good for the Stomach, never caufing any Héad-ache yi Tr alfo
makes good Vinegar. | ha hay
But the chiefeft Benefit of Chili is the rich Gold-Mines. *The' Countrey’ for the
moft part lies defolate, occafion’d by the continual Wars which’ the valiant People
Arauco maintain’d againft the Spaniards after fuch a°manner, that in no place of Ame.
rica they met with fuch refiftance, or fuftain’d fuch Loffes. They {peak an elegant
Language, according to the teftimony-of Blias Herkmans, who having committed to
Wirting all the moft fignificant Words thereof which were taught hint by the
Chilefes, it will not be altogether antifs to {eg down’ fome of them, which are thefe
following : : \
 Chants 1 AMERICA ue ie
A View of the Chilefian Language.
Epanto, A Year. Aliquen, A Tree.
Tien, AMoneth, or the Moon. Cabu, Herbs.
Toninco, A Week. Nebo, Nuts.
Ante, The Day, or Sun. Pino, Grafs.
Paun, The Night. Cayron, Hay.
Fibiiga, The Evening. Wento, A Man.
Eppoun, The Morning,| Domo, A Wife.’
Rangiante, Noon. Quiduugen, A Youth.
Eppoe, The next Day after to Mor- . |Yecho, A Maiden
- YOWs Penien, A Boy.
Vya, Yefterday. Domo-penien, A Girl.
Putey, The Day before Yefterday. Chou, AFather,
Buchiante, To Day. Nenque, A Mother.
Mintay, Now. | Cheche, A Grandfather.
_ Weytiva, At that time. Domo-cheche, A Grandmother,
Wantarulei, In the Morning betimes, Wenco, Mothers Brother. »
Biliante, Always. Mama, Mothers Sifter.
Chumel, "When. Pelchuchan, A Stepfather.
Sencbucn, Alfo. | Caulla, A Ssepmother.
Hueno, The Heavens. Botu, A Son.
‘Quereb, The Ait or Wind. Neaque, A Daughter.
Tomo, The Clouds. Penu, A Brother.
Wangelen, The Stars. Leniens A Sifter.
Pillan, Thunder. Guempo, A Father-in-law.
Gualio, Lightning. Vilca, A.Mother-in-law.
Puta que quereb, A Storm. Choupa, A Son-in-law.
Maoni, Rain. Weuro-pencho, A Kin{man.
Piren, Snow. Buytha, An old Man.
Veaquumao, Dew. Cude, An old Woman.
Pillinget, Ice. ‘Canewa, An Hofpital Child.
Quetal, Fire. Pou Peneinboe, A Guardian.
. Ko, Water. Apo-curaca, A Goyernor.
Tue, The Earth. Curaca, A Lord. |
— Mappo, The Land. Apo, Afupream Commander,
Pele, Clay. Nentoque, A Ruler.
_ (ura, Stone. .| Ulmen, A Perfon of Quality.
Maviel, Wood. | + Pulmen, A Gentleman,
Aluven, Timber. | Pi Machi, A Chirurgeon,
Millia, Gold. Cona, A Soldier.
_ Lien, Silver. Retave-caman, A Smith.
Paila, Brats. satis Guito-wok, A Weaver.
Titi, Tin. at | Challosacaman, A Fifher-man;
Pavillue, Iron. Nilla-caboe, A Merchant.
Quatalecura, A Pebble- ftoae Turnitave, A Dyer,
Chadi, Salt. (bampirectiuais A Cap-maker.
Lyl, A Rock. | Tultuncaecaman, A Drummer.
Millasmappen, A Golden Vein. Inchetaniweni, A Servant.
Mmm z | Voerquin,

Voerguin, A Meffenger.
Langamcheboe, A Murderer.
Chiquiboe, A Thief. - | Nul-cobque, The Crumb.
Illuiboe, A Beggar.
| Alvee, The Devil.
Ruca, A Houle.
Ullin, A Door.
Chaquana, A pait of Stairs.
Pylca, A Wall.
Wanaeruca, The Roof,
Pithe-ruca, A Hut.
(olcura, A Cupboard, ©
Cawyto, A Bedftead.
Depotuarica, A Prifon.
Weltelve, A Gibbet.
Pengal, A Grave.
Lonquen, The Sea.
Leva, The River.
Buta-ewampo, A Ship.
Aliwen, A Matt.
Mou, Ropes.
Dolio, A Canoo.
Wampo, A Boat.
Vela, Sails. | Vino, Wine.
Wyta, An Oar.
Tubquen, Afhes.
(ju, A dead Coal.
Ale, The Flame.
Aypel, A burning Coal.
Wietum, Smoak.
Catila, a Candle.
Wyno, A Knife.
Witt, A Spoon.
Gib A Pot, y Cawinto, A Meal.
Lepoboruwe, A Tobthipicker:
Pavilla-lonco, An Helmet. '
Waiqui, A Pike.”
Pylqui, A Dart.
Pulque-tuboi, A Bowe. * Cauchy, A Swine.
Tultunca, A Trumpet.”
Mecane, An Iron Club. | '
Cachal, An Awl,
Wita, A Spade.
Juifue, A Sieve.
Chilca, A Letter.
Charavilla, A pair of Breeches.
Icha, A Womans Garment.
Domo-ruida,; A Coat.
(Couchon, INBag.
Pino-chompiro, A Straww Cap.
AMERICA. Chap. Il.
Congi, Food.
Cobque, Bread.
Liquangue, Light.
Dumingei, Darknefs,
Quemeiquen, Dainties.
Medda, Pap.
Core, Broth. |
Ilon, Flefh.
‘| Cuichalon, Mutton.
Wara-ilon, Beef.
Chuchi-ilon, Pork.
(Chuchischain, A Gammon of Bacon.
Chaditues-ilon, Salt.
Caucan, Roaft-meat. .
Ayaun, Boyl’d-meat.
Puyt{cha, The Guts.
Curam, An Egg.
Quecuram, The Yolk of an Egg:
Lycuram, The White of an Egg.
lwyn, Butter.
Yiu, Milk.
Puuloo, Drink.
Chiche, Beer.
Cutan, Pain or Sicknefs. ~
| Arenzcutan, A Feaver, |
Towongen, The Head.
| Cancocultano, The Head-ache.
Veno-aren, Scabs.
~ | Albungien, A Wound.
© |Molbuen, Blood.
* "Touma, A blind Man.
(olchou, The Small-pox.
Wocubu, A wild Beat.
. Pangy, A Lyon. .
Naguel, A Tyger.
wise Michun, A Calf.
Dewe, A Moule.
Waren, A Rat. -
Twe-dewe, A Mole.
Tewa, A Dog.
Pulpeo, A Fox.
‘| Guetaltnange, A Hare.
Noquen, A She-bear.
’ Lame, A Sea-Dog. °
Lemo-cuchi, Awild Swine. —
Chaman, A Bear.
 Phan; II. 1 AMERICA. 64.0
Puedo, A Sea-Goat. (#ri, Stinking Nettles.
Quelen, A Tail. Pragyn, Flowers,
Chiliweki, A Sheep: Manen, Seed.
Zunen, a Bird. Methen, Meal.
Lyppe, A Plume. Ghiquelen, To gather;
Mepotinem, A Wing. Gueli-vanca, Coral.
Dani-inem, A Nett. Ki/pi, Glafs.
Achawal, a Hen. Cudi, A Milftone.
_ Alchahawal, a Cock. Pel, Mud or Dirt.
Pylken, A Duck. Taffaquido, A Treafure.
Jeca, A Raven. Guengu, A Marriage-Portion?
Guereo, A Magpye. Derensculyn, ‘A te
Cogo, A Cuckow. Culyn, A Reward.
Nullyn, A Bee. Willawyn, Single-money.
Pulli,A Flye. Guyn, One.
Vulgumusky, The King of Bees. Eppo, Two.
Petar, A Loufe. Quila, Three.
Perem, A Flea. Meli, Four.
Piro, A Worm. Quechu, Five.
Vilo, A Serpent. Cnyn, Six.
Bylcum, A Hedghog. Regli, Seven.
Ponono, A Toad. Pura, Eight.
Challua, A Fifth. | Culla, Nine.
‘Cawel, A Dolphin. Maripataco, A hundred.
Tene, A Whale. | Marama, A thoufand. ‘
Vougus, A Grigg. Guiltui, A Kernel.
Vilochalva, An Eel. Tapel, Leaves.
Chadituel-chalva, Salt-fifh. Nil, The Bark.
Anquen-chalva, Dry’d-fith. i" Pelli, Fhe Smell.
Quinpilon, Oyfters. Oaliel, The Body.
Chapes, Mul{sles. Lai-calel, A dead Corps.
Coinow, A Crab. Ven, Fleth.
Quichiquinchio, a Falcon. Molvin, Blood.
Manco, A Crane. Boro, A Leg.
Choroi, A Parrot. Telqui, The Skin.
Pilo, Dead. Vel, The Sinews.
Hilca, A one-ey’d Perfon, Venemolvin, A Vein.
Topilgen, To {quint. (ongo, The Head.
Topil, Lame. Tol, The Forehead.
Poo, A Bough. Lenglen, The Scull.
Kempomamel, Dry Wood. Lonco, The Hair,
. Bopemamel, Wither’d Wood. Térenslonco, Grey.
Nobue, An Acorn. Lolo, The Brain.
Nido-iwas, A Vineyard. Angen, The Face.
Nidu, A Pole. Taun, The Jaws.
Vanguen, Sttaw-berries. Ne, The Eyes,
Couchow, Black-berries. Tacune, The Members.
Litue, Toad-ftools. _ Denen, The Eye-brows.
Pilun-progue, Plantain. Fu, The Nofe.
(alicai, Clover-grafs. Peloju, The Noftrils.
Matiirm 3 Merum,
 AMERICA ey Chap. te
Merum, Snot. Eimi, Yous
Pilum, The Ears. Inchen, We.
Oun, A Mouth. Tecengen-eimen, You People.
Adem, Sweat. Liengen, Thofe People.
Quewen, The Tongue. Emma, So. .
Melbue, The Lips. Muh, No.
Boru, The Teeth. Pichumei, Hard by.
Ilga, The Gums. Averlugei, Far.
Pida-bida, The Roof of the Mouth. Taymen, Againft,
Cain, Spittle. | Woecun, Without.
Mewe, The Throat. Compay, Within. ©
Neen, The Breath. Pulon, Below.
Quette, The Chin. ; Wono, Above.
Paion, The Beard. | Buri, Behind.
Pel, The Neck. Junengen, Before.
Lipan, The Shoulders. : | Quelleb, Near.
Puilpa, An Arm. Muna, Enough.
Cue, A Hand. Alengei, Too much.
Mancue, The Right-hand. Maunalai, Too little.
Melecoe, The Left-hand. (bemibla, Wherefore.
Puleyecue, The Palm of the Hand. | Penibla, Therefore.
Changel-cue, The Fingers. | Vet-mat, Let it be fo.
Buta-changel, The Thumb. Wei, Thefe.
Wili, The Nails. | Temunei, Pair.
Zewo, The Breaft. Woranei, Ugly.
Moju, The Nipples. — Navoni Strong.
Pue, The Belly. Leptungei, Swift.
Weddo, The Navel. Chouwo'Lazie.
(adi, The Ribs. Alilonconei, Very wife.
Buri, The Back. Wentannei, Valiant.
Anca, The Sides. Queunei, Proud.
Quichio, The Buttocks. | (wlenei, Rich. |
Penem, A Man’s Genital Parts, (unewal, Poor.
Metu, A Womans. Toucow, Foolifh.
(han, The Thighs. Molgei, Naked.
Lucu, The Knees. Ilungei, Clothed.
Metunthoy, The Knee-Bone, Queten, Narrow.
Hemum, The Calves. Anquew, Dry. .
Kamon, The Feet. Prequin, Bountiful.
Pingue, The Heart. Buta, Great.
Mocun, The Lungs. Pichi, Little.
Que, The Maw. Montinget, Fat.
(urigque, The Liver. ‘Toutan, Lean.
Vaca, The Milt. ° Pettun, Colour’d. «
Quelche, The Guts. Queli, Red.
Villin, The Bladder. Calbu, Blue.
Momay, To Stink. Carel, Green.
Peleng/fley, A Spider. Choot, Yellow.
Inche, I. : Curt, Black. ©
Tubei, He. Lye, White.
Chap. TI. ii
Nilla-caju, To change.
Illawyn, Giving.
Tuignei, To be merry.
Umatum, Sleeping. _ Picherungei, It is hard by.
Limen, To wake out of Sleep.
Bemgne, To Build.
Playn, To find.
Vangen+lyn, To lofe.
Necul, To run.
Amon, To go.
Utalegen, To ftand.
Fucheleyn, To lie down.
Tecanen, To dance.
Padenatum, To fall.
Utalenen, To rife.
Avinge, To fit.
Dimgne, To f{peak.
Temelenge, To be filent.
Puronge, To Sing.
Pylcunge, To call.
Quipay ‘To come.
len, To eat.
Butum, To drink.
Mepai, To go to Stool.
Willam, To Urine.
(udepain, To play.
Locatum, To {cold.
Mecowyn, To carry.
Chuquin, To fteal.
Guallulueno, To reftore.
Peltency, To pay.
Lay, To die.
Rengalgei, To be buried.
Quedan capay, Working.
Intunge millo, To dig for Gold.
Nillasteubyn, To fell.
Nilla-vin, To buy.
Quimli wi tami piel, 1 cannot-underftand
you.
Chu pipaimi, What do you ?
Champaila, Nothing.
Fuei pingeimi, What is your Name ?
Juan pingen, 1am call’d John.
Cheo ruaimi, Whither do you go ?
Moppo muruam, 1 go into the Countrey.
Cheo tui mi, From whence came you?
Miro comotoun, I came from home.
Chumel quipai, tuai mi, When‘fhall you
come?
AMERICA
Chumel pratuai mi, When fhall you go ?
Ale prungi tamruca, 1s your Habitation far
from hence ?
Aleprunges, It is farther.
Inchi quiparum camappumu, Lintend to. go
into another Countrey.
Chemnibla qui parui cammeappumu, Why will
you go into another Countrey ?. .
Merelya tiva mappumu, Here is no Provi-
fion.
Aleibelay rwachi tipanto, benebliaale geniep
ayn, The year hath been Bafruitful,
and therefore we want.
Cheo mappungen tamichan, In what Province
dwells your Father >
Alu ei ei, The Devil hath fetch’d him
away.
Ai eimi ruaju inchio, Will you keep him
company °
Ailan, No, I will not.
Bien, I will.
Chile quecken neieim tania, Have you any
thing to give us to eat ?
Cancan achawal, Yes, 1 have roafted
Hens. :
Mu wy, How many?
Munalei enchintavia, There will be chough
for us.
Chuben putuayn; Where fhall we Drink ?
Aile Mangunmeinis, thank you.
Chuben domo trivo, What Woman is this >
Inchi tan curi, It is my Wife.
Ni nave, My Daughter.
Ni domo, My Concubine.
Alei teminigei vei domo, It is a handfom
Woman.
Qui pangnet, Come hither.
Amotunge, Run away.
Umatuayn, Let us go to Bed.
Utajuca, Let us rife.
Wira cuchai compay tan mappumu, The Spani-
ards are fall’n into this Countrey.
Quipa waicha laimi, Shall we Fight toge-
ther ?
Watquenagelan, | have no Arms.
Ima en pea in Waiqui, Follow me, and I
will get Arms.
Ali teum inche, 1am contented.
The
 AMERICA y

NS ’\

The Seamen who went under Hendrick Brewer’s Command, Anno 1643. from
- Brafile to Chili, brought the fore-mention’d Vocabulary along with them. | |
Chili is look’d upon as no way inferior to any Countrey in America, enjoyi
ng
a wholfom Air, fruitful Soil, and abundance of Inhabitants, who often
furnifth
Peru with Provifions ; which are the {peedier convey’d thither, becaufe the South-
Winds always blow along the Coaft. | i
The Peruvian Vice‘Roy keeps a Deputy to Govern here. It hath two Bifhop-
ticks, viz. St. Jago and L’ Imperial. | | |
Caine; Some ofthe Chile/es) are under the Spaniards Jurifdiction, and
live in Huts :
etn Others being wilder, defend their Freedom with the Sword, They
have great
Heads and flat Nofes: The Men continually pull out.the Hair on their
Faces and .
Privities with Shells, which they carty about cheir Necks for that purpofe, having
beforehand. rubb’d the. Hair with warm Athes ; the Hair of their Heads
hanging
downwards is cut clofe as far as their Ears, the reft growing long,
is ty’d with the
Ribbon Tariwelonco, to which Perfons of Quality fix Silver Plates and
Turkoifes -
Some alfo cover their Heads with the SkinsofWeazels, or the like
Beatts, puttin
the Head over their Foreheads, and the Tail down their Neck ; which
kind of Co-
vering they call Maniewelonco: Others wear Caps made after fome ftrange manner
or other,
|
The Chilefes are not the talleft, but ftrong and well fet, betwixt
a white and
fallow colour: .Thofe that.are in the Spaniards Service, wear long Hair,
by which
they are diftinguifh’d from the fhorn.,Ucais, who do the Spaniards all
the mifchief
imaginable. The Women are for the moft part low of ftatmre, but of a ftrong
Conftitution ; they go bare-headed, letting their Hair hang loofe over
their Shoule
. ders, except when they are indifpos’d, and then they tie itup: Butthole
that dwell
about Ca/tro wear Locks like our Englifh Ladies. In (oquimbo
and Loquimbo they go
after the fame manner asthe Peruvian, Women : All of them
have thick black: Hair.
Their Apparel, though mean, is neat: The Men wear wide Breeches girt about
theit Waftes, and a piece of woollen Cloth, three Yards long and two
broad,which
having
 Chap. IL. e UA MER ICA.
having a Hole in the middle, they put over their Heads, and {0 let it hang on
their Shoulders, leaving their Arms and Legs bare ;bur'onFeftival Days they wear
curious embroider’d Stockings. The Women Likewife cover themfelves. with the
fame piece of Cloth, but after another manner, tying ic firft about their Middle,
then let it down to the Ground, pinn’d before with Silver or Golden. Pins. their
Heads, Breafts and Legs are uncover'd.; che Cloth itfelf is Rrip’d with red, hice.
blue, and yellow, and fring’d at the edges, For an Example of their quick and
eafie Labor, Hendrick Brewer relates, That: a Woman being Deliver’d in his Ship,
within, an hus. after walk'd up and down the.Deck, and gave, the Child fuck.
Some of them have fuch great, Breafts, that throwing them ¢over their Shoulders
they fuckle their Children, being ty’d at their Backs. ee
Their Huts being low, are made of Straw, Canes, and “a ondh, ‘and not buile
for one fingle Family ; for often thirty, fifty, a hundegt: or avhundred and twenty
dwell under one Roof, and havea Governor, by them call’d Caraca.
Their Houfholdftuf is little and mean, viz, two.or three Cans to keep their Li-
quor Chica in,
i Horn Cups, a Stone ahiccbies they grind their: Corn, and.one ortwo
woodden Stools: The chiefeft of them alfoyufe Sheep-skins, which they fpread on
the Ground. before, their Guefts. “They live without care, for they neither .Sowe
nor Plane any more than will ferve them a Year.
Their Riches confift:iin Cattel; of which they have no great plenty.
About the beginning of Oétober a whole Town meets together to Plough and to
Sowe, which the Men perform in two days time, thereft of the Work being left
to the care of he Women ; for the Men never meddle with Reaping or Harvett.
They eat and drink from Morning to Evening, when they do ‘not travel, for
then they eat at fetetimes. Their Liquor, is. made of: Barley-Meal,-or Wheat
-boyl’d in Water. On Feftival Days they drink Chica, Brew’d of Maiz chew’d by
the Teeth of old Women. They likewile.aks a Liquor of the Fruit Mnni, which
taftes like Madera Wine.
Every Man Marries as many Wives as y can buy and maintain, for Maids and Their Mare
Widows muft be fold by the Parents, who fer nota Price upon ae according to
their Beauty or Quality, but shai skill in. managing Houfhold, Affairs, Their
Marriages are perform’d after a ftrange manner: A Son having no Inheritance,
lives on the Charity,of. his neareft Relations, who Prefent him, one with a Hog,
another witha Cow, athird with a Sheep,.‘nd a fourth withfomewhat elfe: thus
entich’d, he goes to his Miftrefles Father, and hangs fome Turkoi/es.and Plates of
Silver about his Neck, and acquainting him with. what Eftateyhe can make his
Wife, he agrees as well as he can with his intended Father-in-law, to whom he
gives ten, fifty, or a hundred Sheep, Oxen, Cows, Hogs, Horfes, Poultrey,a Coat,
and fome Vellels full of Chica ; which cine, the Father leads hisDaughter-ro. the
Bridegroom’s s Houle, where hesis Entertain’d with Meat, but finds the Drink at his
own Coft. Sonte days after the Celebration of the Wedding, the neareft Relati-
ons come to congratulate the.young Marry’d Woman, and snDioneeG ing an, Epi-
thalamium to their! Nuptial Deity Mayuapeante, all of them fitting onthe Ground on
Sheep-skins. The Allies often sake away a Woman from her Husband, efpecially
when he mifufes her ;.and if 2 Man kill his. Wife,her Death isreveng’d by her Relae
tions. Perfons.of Quality build a Hut for every.one of heir, Wives, fending word
to her, whom they havea mind. to enjoy :.They relpect one above the reft, who
are in a manner but Slavefles, being forc’d to dovall the Drudgery. The Men are
exceeding jealous and chollerick, cruelly beating their. Wives, if they chance bur to
look. on another Man; ‘aS if they take them inthe A& of Adultery, they im-
mediately
 /

642 | AMERICA \ Chap. I.

mediately kill them ; yet for all this they arenot Chafte, but very Libidinous,®AS$
{oon asa Woman is Deliver’d of aChild, fhe wafhes her felf and the Child in cold
Water ; then kills a Lamb call’d Chiluraque, and makes a Feaft ; at which the het
{elf eats and drinks freely amongft the reft, and the next day goes about her ufual
Employment. | “a
The Spaniards cell us, that their Women, if they continue long in this Countrey, ©
are more and more hardned by the Air, and are as little concern’d at the Birth of a
Child as the Natives. 7
A Widow hath free leave to Marry again, provided fhe hath given to her Chil-
dren part of what fhe hath; butif fhe Marry not, but return to her Parents, then
fhe is highly efteem’d of. | at
Both Men and Women wath themfelves in the Rivets in the coldeft Weather.
They adore chiefly their Deity Pillan, and the Devil, who doth them much hutt.
gin, ag They acknowledge no Refurreétion ,accounting long Life in this World the greateft
burying
sbeir©OOd ; Wherefore when any one dies, the Friends and Relations makea doleful
Deal. Cry, and fuffer the dead Body to lie three, nay, four Moneths before they bury
them, ftuffing them full of ftrong {melling Herbs, to keep them from putrifying ':
serv
=
—*

Three days before their Interrment the neareft Allies meet, kill a Sheep, make
Merry, and throw the Body intoa Hole néar the Hut in which the Deceafed dwelt,
putting alfo a piece of the flain Sheep, and a’ Jug full of the*Liquor Chica, into |
the Grave. - sai |
SeSe |
Concerning their Idol Pillan, to whom with ftrange Geltures they Sing divers
-
Songs, they believe that he is a Spirit of the Air, and Governs
all things on Earth.
Some fuppofe him to be Thunder, and therefore they worfhip ‘him in a moft par-
ticular manner
ager
ew
ee
2
et*

when they hear it Thunder; for then they ftick an Arrow and
-—

- :

=. nel Stone Ax into the Ground, and take Arms into’their Hands; putting themfelves
] into a pofture as if they fhould fuddenly ‘be fet upon by a’ mighty Enemy, and
t
look’d upon it heretofore as a fore-running of the Spaniards approach, whofe
=! }

i|
Cruele
—_—
ties they exceedingly dreaded. Cty ,
ie
a—_
They call all their Hero’s Pillans, and afcribe Divine powers to them.
‘Fhey take very much ftrong Tobacco, the Smoak whereof puffing in the Air
with ftrange Geftures, they cry, Receive this, O'Pillan. \ i ;
isi on
a.
>

=
ros
— When they return home Conquerors from any ‘Vidory,* they put a Stone Ax
fons, into the Ground, and ftanding Arm’d round about the fame, Drink exceedingly,
and fing a Songin honor of Pillan, They ufe their Prifoners very cruelly,
for _
forcing them to Dance and make Merry ambngft them, they on a fudden’ cleave
their Heads with an Ax, pull their Hearts out of their Bodies, and bite
the«fame
wich their Teeth. After ‘the fame manner they punifh their: Robbers and:
Traitors ; but thofe that have’good ftore of (ica to Prefer the Governors’ with,
.
e(cape the Execution’! Yet this cannot buy off Sorcerers or Witches,
who are
without mercy burnt alive, with all they’enjoy’d.*: ‘ Then. Fe
They have no Priefts, not any that pretend 'to’any religious Fundtion ; onely
thofe that can Sing the Pawary well, are in great efttem amongft them. .

|
Their fecond Deity Marnapeante (they fay) informs them in a Dream when
they
muft Marry ; but he doth not do them this kindnefs before they have
made thems
felves Drunk, and fung Sonnets'to his praife, . ero Deenye"
This Countrey is Govern’d by prime Perfons;'call’d Ulmen, or peculiar Lords
,
call’d Curacen. The Ulmens and (uracens Command twenty five, lometimes fifty, ,
a hundred Families : Their Power confiftsincalling allthe People
together, and
confulting with them about State-Affairs, which they dare not
do with any parti-
cular
 Chap. If. , A MERIC ZA. C43
cular Perfon, hor Levy any Tax without extraordinary oé¢afion.
They are bound
to march in the Front oftheir Subjeéts againftan Enemy, and are
under a Gover-
nor-General call’d Apocurace, or undera Nentogue. Other. lefler Offices are difpos’d
of by the Curaces, or Pulmes ; but their Netonques are chofen after this
manner, viz, The
When that honorable Place is vacant, then whoever aims at it, thanher
computes with him. fis the
felf whether his Means will extend fo far as to treat the Curaces and Nentog ue,

Pulmenes with a
noble Treat » which ifhe is able to do, then he fends for themt
o an appointed
place, whither they all go Arm’d, and whileft they are eating
and drinking, he that
defires the Place begins to tell them of his noble Extract,
valiant Exploits, Riches,
and eminent Relations, and therefore defires the Place of the deceaf
ed Nentoque :
then the (wrace rifing, the intended Nentoque’hangs a Chain of
Turkoifes,orCockle-
fhells about his Neck; whereupon the (urace moves the reft
to the Eleétion,
‘without any Articles, the new Nentoque onely promifing to
Govern all things for
the beft advantage and benefit of thecommon State : which done,
the Curace takes
the’ Chain ofTurkoifes, and diftributes them amongft the primeft Perfo
ns of Qua-
- lity, and fo they end the Day in Drinking, Dancing and Singing.
After the fame manner they chufe an Apocurace, or prime Governor. which
of
late the Uca’s, that they may enjoy the more: Priviledge themfelves,
have not
elected,
The Chilefes Arms confift of Lances as long again as the Europeans,
made their Arms:
fharp at the Points, They alfo ufe Clubs plated with Iron, and
Spanifh Swords.
The Pulches, who dwell behind the high Mountains Cordilbra,
ufe poyfon’d Arrows,
make Helmets and Breaftplates of Ox-hides, which neither Sword
nor Arrow can
enter: they all know how to manage a Horfe,and theufe of a Lance, bur are
very much afraid of Mufquets or Fireslocks.
Becaufe they can neither write nor read, the Governor by a faithful Meffe
nger
fends to his inferior Officers fuch Commands as he judges may tend to
the moft
advantage of the Publick both in Peace and Wat. This Meflenger
carries an
Arrow wi4th Ribbon, asa Sign of his Employment; the Arrow is held in the
Right-hand, and-if he who receives it will an{werthe Meflage, then he fends
back
the fame Arrow with another ; but if he judgesic convenient to acquaint any
other
(uraces and Pulmenes with the fame Meflage, then he fends one of his
own Servants
to them with the fame Arrow.
As touching the Climate and Production of Chili, this Account is given by
an Aparticular
Eye-witnels: “The Winter Seafon (faith he) is fo tempeftuous, that fometimes Account of
“-
“the Trees are not onely blown up by the Roots, but che Barth it (elfisrent
afun-
‘der, fome Valleys being fill’d with Snow, {well the Rivers exceed
ingly when
‘it melts, which overflowi@™ part of theCountrey, makes the fame very fruicfu
l.
“* Tt is alfo extream cold here, becaufe fuch fharp Winds blow from the Moun2
“‘tains, that they pierce through the Skin and Flefh of aMan: and
indeed thefe
‘* Winds would make the whole Countrey defolate, were not the Mountains over-
“* grown with great Oaken Trees, againft which the Wind breaks. Moreover, the
*€ Valleys produce Coals, which ferve the Inhabitants for Fewels The Winter bee
“‘ reaves the Trees of Leaves; but not thofe which grow in the Wilderneffes. In
““*March the Fields are full of innumerable forts of {weet-fmelling Flowers, out of
“fome whereof are boyl’d the Angel-Water, fo call’d for its fmell and-wholfom
_“ cafte. The Grafs*grows in November and December as high as our ftanding Corn,
“'Turnips, Mint, Clover, and Muftard-feed, grow naturally for feveral/Leagues
“together. Likewife excellent Phyfical Herbs grow here, whofe power and ope.
“ Fation their Doctors, call’d Maci, keep from the Spaniards. Thefe Maci are in great
i" a. ** efteem
 <
.

644 AMERICA. : Chap. IT.

“ efteem, not onely amongft the (hilefes, but alfo the Spaniards, for their great skill
grows
‘in Phyfick. Amongft thefe Herbs the chiefeft is call’d Quincia-mali which
Stalks
“ but half a handsebreadth above the Ground, and {preads into feveral
Herb
“like a Nofegay ; and on each Stalk is a Saffron-colour’d Flower. This
one that is
pull’d up with the Root, and boy!’d, and the Decoétion given to any
’d Blood,
‘¢ bruis’d within, works moft wonderfully, for it draws out the putrifi
alfo
“ though funk never fo deep in the Wound. Moreover the Juice of (alen is the
any Wound. This Herb,by
“very healing,ifus’d for an Ointment,or pour’d on
‘¢ Spaniards call’d Albaciga, hath fweet-fmelling Leaves, and a tall Body. In fome
-
“ places allo grows an Herb, not unlike Grafs, which boyl’d in Water, immedi
“¢ arely cures the Feaver and Spleen, and cleanfes the Blood. There are likewile
it.to
“© Medicineshere, which diffolving the Stone in the Bladderior Kidneys, caufe
‘be urin’d forth. The Plane Lace, which grows out of rented Rocks which are
“¢ often overflow’d by the Sea, makes a fort of well tafted Bread. .
extends
The Wildernefs Atacama, which makesa Boundary betwixt Pergand Chili,
Northward ninety Leagues, is dry and barren in Summer, and inthe Winter ex-
ceeding cold, and cover'd with Snow. No Provifion is to be found upon it, except
a few wild Sheep, call’d Guenacos. About the middle thereof the Brook La Sal
rifing in the Eaftern Mountains, flows Weftward through a deep Valley to the
Southern Ocean. ° |
turns
egrae The Water of the fore-mention’d Brook put into any Veficl, immediately
Peruto chili. to Salt, and all along the Shore lie greater or leffer pieces of Salt ; fo that the Way
leads thi-
from Peru to Chili through Atacama 1s very troublefom : bur that which
ther over the {nowy Mountains Andes, 1s much worfe, becaufe it is farther about,
and threatens the Traveller with Deftruction, if he obferye not the right Seafon of
the Year ; for in the Winter there blows fuch.a cold Wind on thefe Mountains,that
a Man,being fuddenly benumm’d, falls down dead on the Ground, and grows ftift
againft all putrefaction. Fofeph de Acofta tells.us, that Bodies have been. found there
as firm and found, as ifthey had been living, which had fome years before breath’d
their laft on the faid Mountains. | f
But Diego Almagro, who firlt difcover’d (hili, Anno 1536, went thither with two
Companies of Horle, and five hundred Foot, through the,Countreys, Charcas,Chicas,
Xuxayes, and (haquana, and having pafs’d over a craggy Soil and the {nowy Moun-
the firft Chilean Valley Capayapo, having loft. no {mall
tains Andes, he entredinto.
number of Men and Horfes with Hardfhip and Cold; the inconvenience there-
Travellers to
fore of both the fore-mention’d Ways between, Peru and Clult, forc’d
nes y go along the Shore wafh’d by the Southern Ocean. Copayapo bears that Denomis«
ration frosa the Turkoifesw hich a Mountain. produces there.in great, abundance.
bete
The Valley it felf is the fruitfulleft of all Chili ; for inno place the Maiz, grows
tet, and in greater abundance than here, the Ears being halfa Yard long, and the
Stalks the lengthof 2 Lance; each Grain that is Sow’n, yields at leaft three hun-
dred in Harveft. All Spanifh Fruits grow better here than in Spain. |
Through the midi of (opayapo runs a River of the fame Denomination, and
twenty Leagues in length from the Andes, and at its Mouth hath.a.convenient:-Har-
7 :
bor before the South Sea.
The South part of Copayapa borders the Valley Guafco, which is lefs fruitful than
the firft, bue hatha convenient Haven, into which falls. frefh*River, penn’d inby
Sluces for the watering of the Cane-Fields. Moreover, there are. plenty of Pare
tridges ;alfo wild Sheep and grey Squirreleskins are of a great value. To the
Southward flow alfo the Rivers Maypo, (bacha Pool, Loro, and Moule.
Beyond |
 Chap. Ie st eA MERLOA. - 645
Beyond thefe Streams Eaftward, the Promouca’s dwell near the Monntains Andes,
_ Inthe Valley (bili, which gives Denomination to the whole Countrey, were
formerly the famous Gold-Mines Quillatas, from whence Valdivia, Anno 1544, cat-
ry dan invaluable Treafure. The South Sea makes here a large and convenient
Harbor forall manner of Veftels, built cwo Leagues below the City Serena, ata lit-
‘tle River, which fo moiftens the low Countrey, that it produces all manner of
Plants. Itrainshere not above three times ayear. ,
From the Entertainment which Sir Francis Drake met withal here; may*fufhci-
ently be conjectur’d the Power of Serena; for when the Englifh Landed here for
Water, they were driven away not without great lofs by three hundred Caftilian
Horfe, and two hundred Foot that Sally’d out of the City. The Mines, though
they inclofe much Gold, yet they produce but little, becaufe the Spaniards, accord-
ing to the teftimony of a Chilean Pilot, whom Oliver van Noort took Prifoner, de-
ftroy’d all the ancient Inhabitants that fhould have help’d them to dig the Gold.
| The City St. Fago, lying nearthe Stream Topocalma, receives great benefit by the
Haven Valparay(o, which makes the foreemention’d River, becaufe in that Haven
all Goods that come from Lima are unladen, and the Goods fhipp’d aboard. The
‘Countrey about the fame produces plenty of Wines, Apples, Corn, and all forts of
-Cattel, and efpecially Horfes in fuch abundance,that thoufands of them run wild.
In Valparayfo Sit Francis Drake took a Ship from Valdivia, laden with two thou-
* ~fand five-hundred Bars of fine Gold. But the Netherland Admiral, Joris Spilbergen,
had not fuch good fuccefs, who Sailing thither with five Ships, Anno 1615. difco-
ver'd a Spanifh Ship in the Harbor ; where fending his Boats well Mann’d to fetch
offaVeffel that lay hal’d on the Shore,they found it burning,and thereupon Steer’d
their Courfe intoa little Inlet full of Rocks, which ferv’d the Spaniards in ftead of
Breafteworks; for lying behind them, they fir’d continually on the Hollanders ; yet
Spilbergen Landing with two hundred Men, met a confiderable number of Spanifh
Soldiers, and Horfes drawn out on the Shore, from whom they foon fled. |
Before the City La Conception lies the Ifland Quiriquyna, whofe Straw Huts Spilber-
gen laid in Afhes.
At the time when Oliver van Noort came toan Anchor here, the Governor Frans
cifcus de Quinones Commanded feven hundred Spanifh Soldiers to reduce the revolted
Chilefes. |
Four Leagues from Conception lie the rich Gold-Mines Quilacoya, which formerly
produc’d great Riches.
Over againft the Valley Arauco, which rifes out of the Sea, lies the Ifland Maria,
in a large Inlet made by the force of the Waves.
Here grows abundance of Wheat and Barley. The Rivers alfo afford plenty
of Fifh, amongft which there is one call’d The Lake-Spider, in whofe Eyes are to be
feen little Specks, which would exceed Pearl, if they were but hard enough,
Two Spaniards Command forty Nativeson Maria, and keep them in fuch flavery,
that they may neither eat Apples, Pears, Grapes, Poultrey, or Sheep, though they
are there in great abundance. |
. Elias Herkmans was once in probability to have taken poffeiion. of this Ifland for
the Netherland State, had he not been prevented by an extraordinary occafion,
Between the Towns Conception and Imperial lie the Provinces Arauco, Tucapel, and
Puren, inhabited by a valiant People, that often alarm the Spaniards. In each Proe
vince Valdivia built a Fortin thé Year 1551. eight Leagues diftant from one another.
He alfo difcover’d the rich Gold-Mines De Ongol, and builtthe Fort Confines there.
The Natives hereabouts being exceedingly oppreft by the Spaniards, fell upon
On. nn the
 646 | AMERICA. ‘Chap. If.
| the Fortin Puren, where thofe in the Garrifon, unable to defend themfelves,” went
valdivia ta- to Tycapel, and ftom thence to Aranco, to Settle there. Valdivia matching with three
ken ; rifoner,
and crucly hundred Men to the Caftle in Tucapel, was fo fiercely aflaulted at the River Leto,
bythe fadians that all his Men were kill’d, andhe himfelf being taken Prifoner, had melted Gold
pour’d downhis Throat: One Boy onely efcaping, brought the news to thofe in
Garrifon in the Fort Arauco, who fled to La (onception, as thofe from Paren'to Imperial.
Not long after the Lieutenant Francifco de Villagra went with a hundred and fixty
Soldiers to Raquetta, 2 Promontory againft thé South Sea in Arauco, to take Re-
venge for the Death of his General Valdivia ; but he alfo had like to have follow’d
the {amie fate, for he left ninety fix Men behind him, and with much ado recover’d
La Conception: By which means the victorious Chilefes came to be fo mtich fear’d,
that the Spaniards forfook the Towns Rica, St. Jago, and (onfines; and fortifi’d them-
| felves ftrongly in Lnperial, rf
ities, Concerning Arauco, it isa fmall County, twenty Leagues long and feven broad.
The Inhabitanes thereof are ftrangely valianc ; thoft that inhabit the Mountains are
call’d Pulches, and are generally of a duller Spirit than thofe that dwell in the Val-
leys ; all of them ufe long Pikes, Halberds, Bowes and Atrows, Helmets, and
Breaftplates of Deer-skins, in the Wars; they know when to clofe and open their
Ranks, and ftand in good order according to Martial Difcipline, which makes the
Spanifh King receive little benefit from Arauco, though it is full of rich Mines, be-
caufe thofe in Garrifon being five hundred in number, dare not ‘come ott of their
Fort. —“
To Arauco belongs the Ifland La Mocha, low on the North fide, and rocky on the
South ; againft which the Ocean breaks its Billows’: in the middle of it rifes a
{plic Mountain, out of whofe Gap flows a frefh Brook ; the fruitful Soy! produces
abundance of Pumpeons, Maiz, Potato’s, and all manner of delicious Frnit, as
alfo Oxen, Sheep , and other Cattel, which go gtazing up and down in great
Herds; the Village that is upon it boafts about fifty Huts, built long of Straw,
with a Door in the middle, and round like an Archon the top.
Sir Francis Drake and Candifh were formerly fomewhat roughly Entertain’d here.
by the Inhabitants: but they fhew’d themfelves fomewhat mote civil to the Dutch
van Xoor's Admirals, Oliver van Noort and Joris Spilbergen: The firft coming to an Anchor here
fal Anno 1600. put one John Clae/zoon (Condemn’d for fome great Crime to be Landed
Sls on fome ftrange Place) afhore on La Mocha, with a few Trifles ; for which being
kindly Entertain’d, the Seamen refolv’d to go afhore the next day, who were like-
wife civilly Treated. The Governor of Mocha coming aboard, Lode’d a Night in
the Ship, and afterwards conducted the Admiral through the Village, but forbad
the Seamen from entring any of the Huts ; out'of which the Women upon the
heating of a fudden noife, came running out, and kneel’d down on the Ground in
three Parties, whileft an old Matron came forth with a Pitcher full of Chica, and
gave each of the Netherlanders a'Cup full to drink, fitting oBlocks in'the Fiélds.
A Man Marries as many Wives here as he can maintain. ‘They all live peacea-
‘bly one with another, and go Cloth’d with a pair of Breeches, and Frock without
Sleeves, The Women tie their Hair in Braids about ‘their Heads, bat the Men let
it hang down carelefly. 7 ; es ;
Fifteen years after Spilbergen Landing here with four well Mann’d Boats, ‘found
the Shore full of People, who had brought all manner of Provifions' to barter
againft Axes and Knives. ‘The Iflanders'going aboard, wondred'to {ee the Soldiers
_ drawn out in order, and much more when a Gun was fir'd: They furnifh’d ‘the
Fiollanders with a hundred Sheep, amongft which was one with an extraordinary
long Neck, and Legs, Hair, Mouth, and Back like a Cammel. The
 Y
hap. t¥,* -. AMERICA.
The Netherland Admiral, Hendrick Brewer, coming to an Anchor
on the Coaft of
Guadalanquen, Anno 1643. was inform’d by the Chilefes; thac about
four years be-
fore they had burnt Baldivia, murder’d the Spaniards that were in Garri
fon, and
pour'd melted Gold down the Governor’s Throat and into
his Ears, and madea
Drinking-Cup of his Scull, and Trumpets of his Shinsbones.”
Brewer alfo found
fome Ruines of the City, which formerly boafted four hundred and fifty Houfe
s,
and was nor yet fo utterly defac’d, but thatthe two Markets and crofs
Streets were
plainly to be feen, and the Walls gave fufficient teftimony
of its ancient luftre.
The Couatrey round about produces Wheat and Barley ; neither are
there any
Mines to be found that produce finer Gold than thofe which: are herea
bouts. In
the Mouth.of the River which runs to Baldivia, lies a {mall Ifle,
the Men whereof
are gro{s and fat, and {pend their time in Drinking and Dancing,
whileft the Wo-
men do all the Work.
About the City Oforno, though lying under a cold Climate, is a'Soil
fall of
Gold-Mines, where above two thoufand Chilefes are under the fubjeé
tion of the
Spaniards.
_ Since Teanis Swarte-Teun conquer’d and ruin’d this Place with {mall Forces
uns
der Spilbergen’s Command, it hath not yet repait'd its Lofles: The Ruines of great
Buildings are fufficient teftimonies of its former {plendor.
On the ucmoft Point of the Ifland, on which Ofornois built, lies the Village Carel-
Mappo, burnt by Hi. Brewer, An, 1643. for he Landing fixty fix Men here,
under the
Command of the Enfign Blawewenbaen, they Engag’d with ninety Spaniards, who
bee
took themfelves to. the Woods, leaving fix Men aud fifteen Horfes behind
them. b
The Sea-Coaft of Chile lies as followeth : Ic begins onthe North with
the Val- c
ley Copayapo, runs Southerly to the Haven Coquimba, and makes the large Inlet
Acon-
gayo ; the convenient Harbor Quintero, at the Mouth of the River Concag
ua; is alfo to
the Southward. |
Next Quintero follow the Havens Valparayfa, Topocalma, and Penco, known by
fe-
-veral Mountains cover’d with Snow,
The Stream Labapi difembogues alfo in the Bay Aranco, where the Sea wafhing
over the Shore, makes good Salt.
On the Shore of the River Lebo, Garcias. Mendoza built the Town Canete, which
not long after was deferted, by reafon of the Wars with the Chilefes.
From the Haven Carneroa Channel runs to the City (onfines: alfo the River
Cauten makes a convenient Harbor before the City Imperial.
Next appear the Streams Tolten, Queule, Valdivia, Chabin, and Bueno, and near
the Promontory Gallego, (hili ends to the South.
Eaftward up into the Countrey lies the great Province Twcuman, inhabited by the
three forts of People, viz. Juries, Diagnitas, and Tucumans, froma whom the Countrey bcanndn
receives its Denomination, and juts Northward againft the Chicas, belonging
to the
rich PlateeCountrey Potofi, Eaftward towards the Province La Plata, and Weftw
ard
towards the South Sea. |
The Ground about the City St. Jago del Eftero, formerly call’d Vares, being the
Bifhop’s See ,and Refidence of the Governors, is brackifh and fandy, The Citi-
zens are moft of them Weavers ; the Natives go Cloth’d, and are of an affable
Temper and Difpofition.
The River Eftera yearly overflows the Countrey, which being dung’d with
Mud, produces abundance of Maiz, Barley; Wheat, and all manner of Fruits.
The Stream Salado runs the fame Courfe as the Effera, from the Weft to the Eat
through a Plain-Countrey, but hath brackifh Water, and abundance of Fifh. Be-
Nnn 2 _ tween
 | Ste es
AMERICA. Chap. II;
tween both thefe Rivers the Inhabicants get plenty of Honey, Wax, Cotton, and
(ochenile. Cattel alfo increafesin abundance, as likewife Deer, and other Venifon :
and for Fowl, Partridges, Pigeons, andthe like ; but the Tygers and Lyons do
much mifchiefto the Inhabitants. Their chief Commodities for Trade and Mer-
chandife are Cloth, Cotton and Salt. ©
Gatcias Mendoza built the Towns Newva Londres in the Province Calchaqui, and Gors
duba in the Territory of the Juries, but they were both of them foon deferted.
Behind Peru and La Plata the Plains Omaguaza extend themfelves along the Ri-
vers Paraguay and Bermeio, under a temperate Climate, where the Inhabitants go
Clothed, and keep abundance of Cattel.
Produtos
of the Coun-
[ty moft places
"
hereabouts
f
breed wonderful large Baboons, with long Tails and‘
ney, and Na- Beards ; which being wounded, pull the Arrows out of the Wound, and throw
Poole. bak the fame with a grim Countenance at thofe that fhoot them.
The Serpents are likewifle fo big here, that they {wallow whole Deer.
The Rivers breed horrid Crocodiles; and the Woods, Lyons and Tygers.
The Inhabitants differ both in their Cuftoms and Language : the generality of
them are continually Drunk. They keep yearly a great Feaft, to reconcile the
Souls of their Predeceffors to them; to which purpofe they bring as many roafted
Oftriches as they have Souls to Offer to; then Drink three days after, and on the
laft they carry the Head of a fair Virgin’ (who freely offers her felf to be kill’d)
about the Town, making a fad and lamentable noife for the {pace of an hour ; at
the end of which they all begin to laugh, and oftentimes fall a killing one quotes
which Cuftom is moft obferv’d amongft the Matarani.
The Abipones go naked in Summer, and in the Winter Clothe themfelves with
Furrs ; they Paint their whole Bodies with Spots likethe Tygers, Carve their Bo-
dies allover, making Cut-work of their Skins, into which they ftick Oftriches -
Feathers, as alfo through their Noftrils, Lips, and Ears, and account Baldnefs the
greateft Beauty. They honor thofe fk their Gods, who patiently endure unfuffe.
rable Tortures. The Women hang their Faces and Breafts full of Pearls: They
never bring up above two Children, for they kill all above that number.
The Planies range up and down without Habitations under the open Skie,
The Giants Tobae {peak a curious Language, but are very falvage and cruel.
Anno 1571. Erouaca, a prime Man amongft them, devour’d his own Sifter, Wife,
Mother, and Children. When they defign to go a Journey, they roaft their Sons
and Daughters, to ferve them for Provifions in ftead of other Flefh ; and their Sick
are upon the leaft Complaint bury’d alive.
The Caaguiaares, who dwell in Huts in great Woods, feed on Woorms, Mice,
Apes, Tygers, and wild Honey ; moft of them are bunch- back‘d, and g° clad
with the Skins of wild Beafts.
 Y eet 5H)
‘Chap. Tit, AMERICA

SIT
ats

TESET
ch

SS Se Se SS Se ee ey Se he rs a rh os co he
fe, obs thy chy cts shy cts ety cts. cts ats ot fs chs . e! ony ee e peu ee . 2. j .

CHAP. Ill.

| Magellanica,
7

Orthward againft Chili and Rio de la Plata juts the Countrey, which from esis
tal Voya~
N Ferdinand Magaglianus is wrongly call’d Magellanica ; to which feveral Voya- ss tO Magel-

ges have been made by fundty People from the North-Sea tothe Sou-
lanica.

thern Ocean, divers Steering ftill new Courfes: for fome follow’d the Straights of
Magellan, others Sail’d more or lef{s South-Weft : By which means Le Mair open’d
a new Paflage between Mauritius and the States-Ifland ; and H. Brewer, a Way below
the States-Ifland;
yet all Steer'd their Courle Wefterly,fo that none. of them return’d
the {ame Way, except Elias Herkmans and Capt, Ladrillero, the lattof whom coming
from Chili to go to the North-Sea, met with fuch Storms, that he was fore’d ro
Tack about, and ftand back again to Chili, as Herkmans did from Chili to Brafile.
Anno 1579. Peter Sarmiento weigh’d Anchor with two Ships, and Sailing from as Sarmi-
Callao de Lima through the Straights of Magellan to Spain, ran by the Ifles Felix and itica. sE xpe-

Amber; difcover'd in one Inlet eighty five Ifles, moft of them defolate, founded all
the Havens, found abundance of Oyfters with Pearls in them, call’d anInlet Fran.
ci{co, and a Mountain on the right-hand, Punta de la Gente Rubra, becaufe the Inha-
habitants thereof painted their Bodies red, found the Havens Mifericordia and Cans
delaria, and the Ifland Sataynes,. where five of the Natives gave him an Account.of
Sit Francis Drake, for whom he Cruis’d, and had fight of a faowy Mountain,
whofe top vomited Fire. On the Promontory Ana he ereéted a woodden Crofs,
and laida Writing under the fame, wherein he advertis’d all Perfons to take no-
tice, that Pope Alexander the Sixth had freely given the King of Spain all the Couns
treysthereabouts, Not long after he Steer'd through the Straights of Magellan along
the Coaft of Brafile, to Spain,
Concerning the Sea-Coaft, which extends from (Chili to Magellanica, it is as fol- The _Sea=
Coaft from
loweth : Next to the Promontory Felis lie Gypriaen, Clara, Cabo de las I/las, the Ifland Chili to Ma-
gellanica,
Socora, the Haven Domingo, the Point Gallego; the Road Stevan, the Cape Andres, and
Ochavario, andthe Valley Nueftra Sennora, between two Hills, Along the Southern
Ocean lie Abra de San Guillen, Punta del Gada, Los Reyes, Innocentes, Auguftine, Roia, Cas
talina, Amaro, and Vsctoriano ; before which the three Iles call’d ‘The Sorlings, are feen
in the Mouth ofthe Straights againft the South Sea.
Magaglianus Steering hither, Winter’d within the Straights in an Inlet call’d St. Fue
lian, ftay’d two Moneths before the Mouth of the River Santa (ruiz, where hetook
abundance of Fifh, and from thence ran along the Shore to the Promontory Las
Virgines, which receiv'd that Denomination, becaufe it was difcover’d on the Day
Confecrated to St. Ur/ula and her eleven thoufand Virgins : Going a League up into
the Countrey,he found a Hut,in which above two hundred dead Bodies were bury’d
after a ftrange manner, and onthe Shore a great Whale, driven ‘on the Sands by a
Storms He nam’dthe Countrey to the Southward, Terra del Fuego, becaufe from the
Promontory Severino in the Niglit he elpy’d {evéral Fires. He was exceedingly des
lighted with the pleafant Coafts on each fide ofthe Straights, which were the more
pleafant, by reafon of feveral Hills overgrown wich {weet-fmelling Trees, whofe
tops lay cover’d with Snow. :
Non 3 Magaglianus
 650 AMERICA Chap. II.
The Exped Magaglianus was follow’d, Anno 1525. by Garcias Loayfa, who Sailing into the
cia Loni, Straights near the Promontory Virgines, endut’d great Colds; inthe Haven St,
andothers Gross he found ftore of green Cinamon : The People be reported to be of
fo monftrous a ftature, that they might well be accounted Giants; fome of
whom went naked, others wore a Net of Feathers made faft about hele Watftes,
and others a loofe Garment allover their Bodies. Loa/a gave this Countrey,
inhabited by Giants, the Denomination of Terra del Patagoni. He judg’d the
Straights of Magellan to be a hundred and ten Spanifh Miles long between the two
Promontories, Virgines at the North Sea, and Defeado at the Southern Ocean.
Within lie three Inlets, which have feven Leagues in breadth.
Simon Alcazova Bailing hither nine years after Loay/a, fhunn’d the Land on the
left-fide of the Straights, becaufe it lay moft under Water, and was forc’d by his
Men to returm to the Haven Leones, where he and all his Seamen were put to
death.
Not long after the Bifhop of Placentia fitted out three Sail, which entring
« the
Straights, Anno 1540. loft their Admiral ;the Vice-Admiral Wintering at the In-
let Las Zorras, (fo call’d, becaufe they took many Foxes on a Champain Countrey
without Trees) return’d to Spain without any farther fuccefs: the third Ship with
much ado arriv’d alfo at Arequipa.
the Voyags The Englifh Captain, Richard Hawkins, alfo Sailing hither, found the Land on
ottwed the South fide of the Straights, moft broken, and in fome places a few Huts.
Th Anno 1578. Six Francis Drake Sailing hither along the Coaft of Brafile, Landing
on an Ifland in che Mouth of the Straights, kill’d above three thoufand Birds. Sail-
ing from hence he was miferably tofs’d in the South Sea, and difcover’d about the
middle of the Straights, that the Current out of the Sourhtrn and Northern Ocean
met at the place where a great Bay bends Southwardly: To three Ifles he gave
the Name of Elizabeth, Bartholomew, and George, and drove three Weeks without
making any Sail, in fnowy, mifty, and rainy Weather, falling amongft dangerous
Rocks, and atlaft Anchor’d in the Haven Health, which he fo call’d, becaufe his fick
arid wearied Men being refrefh’d there, he fet Sail from thence and return’d home.
Captain Thomas (andifh following Sir Francis Drake eight years after, found near
a Creek within the City Philip-ftadt, built there by the Spaniards, to fecure the Pat
fage out of the Northern tothe Southern Ocean for themfelves ;to which purpofe
they held four hundred Men in Garrifon in the {aid City, which lying near a pleas
fant Wood, was defended by four Bulwarks, each fortifi’d with a Brafs Gun: But
the Spaniards not being able to endure the Cold, nor get in their Harveft, which
was continually f{poil’d by the Natives, were £8pinch’d with Hunger, ha after
three years ftay many of them dy’d in their Houfes, which caus’d a filthy Stink,
and confequently a vile Diftemper, not unlike the Small-pox,; at laft twenty three
ofthem, amongft whom were two Women, judg’d it convenient to bury their
great Guns, and marchaway with their Mufquets ; a whole Year they travell’d in
great want, feeding on the Leaves of Trees, wild Roots, and Fowls which they
now and then kill’d ; at laft they refolv’d to travel by Land to Rio de la Plata, but
never any news was heard what became of them, onely one Spaniard, call’d Ferdi-
nand, being ftray’d fromthe reft, was taken by (andifh, to whom he gave the foree
mention’d Relation. Candifh entring Philip-ftadt, found a Gibbet, on which’ hung a
Malefactor in Chains, a Church, the Houfes full of famifh’d Bodies, and four
Brafs Guns, which he digg’d out of the Ground. From hence he ran to a frefh-
water River (which difembogues into the Straights,) whofe Banks are inhabited by
cruel Cannibals, and the Countrey all about plain Pafture Grounds, whereas moft
part
 Chap: Ill. A MER ICA. 6s
part of the Shore in the Straights is very mountainous. Candifh Landing, found
Spanifh Knives and Stilletto’s amongft the Man-eaters, and layawhole-Moneth at
Anchor in the weftern Mouth of Magellanica, by reafon of great Storms, feeding on
Mufsles, Cocklesand , Fowl; and from thence Sail’d about the World, Teturning
home at laft with a Booty of twenty Tun of Gold. © Fi oe
Anno 1599. Simon de Cordes Commanding five Netherland Velfels, entring the
Straights of Magellan, found in the green Bay, Mufsles of a Span long, abundance of
Ducks and Geefe, and a gteat many Trees not unlike Lautel, they being onely
bigger, and had a fharp biting Shell. The Wind blew exceeding hard here over
the Rocks, infomuch that they were fometimes driven from four Anchors.
A few Moneths after Oliver van Noord follow’d Cordes, and Anchor’d near the
Pinguyn Iles, the biggeft whereof is calll’d Caftemme, and the leaft Talke., the Inhabi-
tants thereof dwell in Caverns under Ground, and feed on the Birds Pinguyns, of
whofe Skins they make Mantles. Thefe Birds weigh generally fifteen or fixteen
Tae Bird
Pound, have black Backs, white Bellies, very thick Skins, long-Bills like Ravens, Pinguyn,

fhort thick Necks, two plum’d Fins in ftead of Wings, black Feet like a Goole, and
delicate Flefh, notwithftanding they feed on-Fifh, after which they fwim very
{wift with the fore-mention’d Fins, which hang doon wneach fide along*their Bo-
dies when they walk upright on theShore;they fit generally four together in their
Holes, made after fuch a manner, that a Man which knows not of them, may ere
he be aware, fink up to the Knees in the fame, and be bitten terribly by the Legs.
Cordes his Seamen got in two hours time above nine hundred of thefe Birds, whileft
he difcover’d the falvage People Enoo, which inhabit the Countrey Co/si, and are di-
vided into the Families Kemenetes, Kennekas, and Caraike ; the firft inhabited. the
Werritory Carray ; the fecond Caramay ; andthe third, Morine : all of them Paint
their-Cheeks and Forehead. Farther into the Countrey dwell che Trimenes, a gi
gantick fort of People, eleven Foot high, who maintain continual Wars with their
Weighbors. |
Moreover, Noord difcover’d feveral Inlets full of Ice and freth Water in the
Great Difco-
Straights of Magellan, whither the United Netherlands have fince fent the Admirals veries of the
Netherlanders
William Schouten, JorisSpitbergen, and Jaques le Heremite. The common opinion, that about the
Magellan
the Countrey on the South fide of Magellan is of the Main Continent, Experience Straights,

hath manifefted ; for Schouten found the fame, Anno 1616. who Sailing from Porto
Defire, left the Straights of Magellan on the right-hand, and Sail’d Southerly through
whitifh Water, and in fifty four Degrees difcover’d a Channel cight Leagues
broad, through which ran a ftrong Currert. The Coaft rofe with high Mouns
tains, whofe tops were cover'd with Snow. The utmoft Point was call’d Mauritius,
from the Prince of Orange ; the broken Coaft on the other fide, The States-J/land .
and the Straights it felf, Le Maire, upon the Requeft of the Merchant Jacob Le Maire,
whofe Father J/aac-was chief owner of the two Ships of which Schouten was Com-
mander, who found fomany Whales here, that he could {carce Steer clear of them,
they {wimming by hundreds in a Shoal. The Sea-pies, much bigger than Swans,
fuffer’d themfelves to be caughe by the Hands of the Seaemen. Moreover he call’d
the barren grey Rocks, and others leffer, lying North-Eaft from the Promontory
Fhoorn, Barnevields Iles. Sailing beyond the Point Hoorn, he was tols’d by the vat
Billows that came rowling out of the Weft.
_ It was.no fooner nois’d abroad, that the Netherlanders had found the Straights
Le Maire, but the Spanifh King Philip immediately fent two Carvels thither, under
the Command of Garcias de Nodal, who took anexa@ Account of the Heads,Roads,
and Inlets belonging to the fore-mention’d Straights, and return’d without perfor-
ming any other Exploits, Diego
 AMERICA. Chap. II:

Diego Flores Diego Flores Steer’d four years before Candifhto the Straights of Magellan with
e Sailof Ships, Mann’d- with three thoufand: five hundred Seamen,
his unfuccefs-
ful Voyage to twenty thre

ily weigh’d An-

befides five hundred old. Netherland Soldiers, with which he unhapp
the Straigrs
of Adagellan.

chor from (ales ; for before he got out of fight of the Spanifh Coaft, he loft five
of his Ships and eight hundred Men; yet profecuting his Voyage, he ftay’d du-
ring the Winter Seafon on the Coaft of Brafile, and was furpris’d by fo véigmenta
Storm, near the Ifland Catalina, that a company of Women, fent under the Charge
of Peter Sarmiento to Settle in the Straights of Magellan, were all caft away, with the
sreateft part of the Ammunition and Provifions. The Englifh Admiral Fenton
took three Ships of this Fleet from Flores, two were caft away in the RiverLa Plata,
and one ran back to Spain, whileft Flores came into the Straights of Magellan on the
laft day of March, at which time the whole Countrey lay cover’d with Snow;
wherefore feeing no hopes of finding out any place to Settle Sarmiento upon, he
ftoad back with eight Sail to Brafile, and in his Return burnt three French Ships,
took two more, and Sail’d home. But his Lieutenant Diego Ribera, and the Gover-
nor Peter Sarmiento, Landed the Year after Flores his departure, with four hundred
Men, thirty Women, and Provifions for eight Moneths, in the Straights of Magellan;
from whence Ribera Sail’d back, whileft Sarmiento built on the North fide of the
Mouth of the Straights, the Town Nombre de Jefus; and fifty Leagues farther in the
narrowelt place, Philip-ftadt, with four Bulwarks; the Inhabicants of which (as is
- before related) were deftroy’d by Famine.
Defcription Terra del Fuego, already mention’d, oppofite to the Countrey of the Patagones, ly-
of Terra del
with high
Fngo. inthe South between the Straights of Magellan, is a broken Countrey,
Mountains fullofTrees, and wath’d by pleafant Rivulets: four Foot deep inthe
Ground it begins to be all Rocky. The Air is troubled with exceeding great
Winds out of the Weft. The Inhabitants ate pale Countenanc’d, but Paine their
Bodies with divers Colours , they have long, thick, and black Hair, and very fharp
Teeth, the Men go ftark naked; the Women cover their fecret Parts with a piece
of Leather, and wear Strings full of Shells about their Necks ; fomealfo Mantle
| sae themfelves
 NC
Chap. IV. © eh MERSICH 653
themielves with the Skins of wild Beafts, which affords but little warmth againit
the Cold that is herein Winter. Their Huts confift.of Trees, and are made round
at bottom, and fharp on the top like a Tent, having onely.a Hole for the Smoak
to go out at; they are digg’d three Foot deep into the Grotind,; and alfo: heap’d
round with Earth ; within the Huts nothing isto be found buc Baskets with Fith-
ing Utenfils and Stone Hooks. Their offenfive Arms. the Men-always carry about
with them, becaufe they always maintain Wars with their Neighbors. - They han-
dle a Quarter-ftaff very dexteroufly, are good Slingers and'Bowemen ; they alfo
ufe Lances with fharp Stone Points, Moreéover they make Boats of the Bark of
Trees, which they firft. cut out into.a Form, then fewing it: together, bow the
{ame after the manner of a Boat, which rifes before and behind, and being fifteen
ot fixteen Footlong, can carry: eight Men, going exceeding {wift. Thefe People
are not onely beaftial in their Practices, but-alfo Murderers, |
Laftly, befides the Straights. of Le\Maire, Henrick Brewer hath. found a new Paf-
fage to the Eaftward above. the. States-I/land, out of the Northern Ocean’ to the
South Sea. |

eehat ere eee

CHAP. IV.
The unknown South-Land.
['c unknown South-Land extends: with feveral Points to the Southern
Ocean, which have been more feen than dilcover’d by divers Nations.
o Oppofite to the Fa/t-India Mland Gilolo, lies Terra des Papous, to which
Jacob Le Maire gave the Denomination of New Guinee.
The Englifh Commander, Richard Hawkins, Sailing to the Southward behind
Papou, found the Inhabicants black like Negro’s : round about appear feveral Ifles
and convenient Harbors. Herrera places here on the Eaft, the Countrey Agnada,
the Road St. Jago, the Ifland Los Crefpos, the Haven Andreas, the River Virginum, and
the little Ifle La Vellena, before the Mouth of the Stream Aunguftine. Next you meet
Eafterly with the Rivers St. Peter and St. Paul, the Havens Hieronymus, the Iles Punta
Salida, Abrigo, Malagente, and Maure de Dios, inhabited by white People.
The firft that difcover’d New Guinee, Anno 1529. was Alvares de Savedra, who, diteoveries
as alfo feveral others befides him, fuppos’d that fome of ‘the Iflands Solomons border frralis Incog-
in Zerra An-

New Guinee. ta)

ww ta

Eighteen of the many Solomon Ifles exceed the reft, of which fome are three hun-
dred Leagues in circumference, fome two hundred, others one hundred, and fome
fifty: All that are inhabited have a fruitful Soil, producing all manner of Provi-
fions, particularly Hogs and Poultrey. The Natives differ very much one from
another, forfome are black, others white or tawny.
The fore-mention’d Hawkins in his Voyage towards the Straights of Magellan,
. fuppofing it by eftimation to be fifty Leagues from the Main Coaft of America, dif-
cover'd forty Degrees to the Southward of the Equinoctial Line, with a Wefterly
Wiad, the unknown South-Land ;which he found to confift of low Land, and to
be inhabited, by reafon of the many Fires which he faw afhore in the Night.
The Spanifh Commander, Peter Fernandes de Quiro, andthe Admiral Lodowick Paes
de Torres, have made.a farther Dilcovery of this Countrey ; for Landing on the
South-
 eae AMERICA " ChapAl,
South-Land, they met with feveral People, fome whereof were brown, others
white, and others fallow ; fome had long and lank, others fhort and curl’d Hair:
They acknowledg’d no King or fupream Governor, nor were Govern’d by any
Laws, neither had they any Wall’d Towns or Forts ; but being divided amongft
themfelves, they continually Encountred one another with Darts, Clubs, and
Staves. Their Houfes built of Wood, were cover’d with the Leaves of Palm-
Trees, Their Houfholdftuff confifted in Earthen Difhes, Pots, Ropes, Fifh-nets,
Flutes, Drums, and varnifh’d Spoons. Their Gardens were neatly kept. Near
their Temples were Burying-places. They Row’d very fwift in little Boats. Their
Bread, well tafted, was made oflong thick Roots, either roafted or boyl’d.
pate, ~ Here alfo grow fix forts of Platano’s, great abundance of Almonds, Oranges,
ea “s Cittrons, thick Sugar-Canes, Palm-Trees, which yield Wine, Coéoa’s, and Obos, in
tafte not much unlike Quinces ; but the greateft benefit which they receive, is from
the Cocoa Nuts, the Pulp whereof is delicious Meat and Drink . the outermoft Shells
whereof ferve for Cups or Difhes, the inner for Ropes and Cordage , of the
Leaves they make Sails and Mats, and cover their Houfes with the fame; of the
Body, Oars, Clubs, Pikes, and Props for their Houfes.
Befides feveral forts of Pot-herbs, here grow very high Coleworts and Bledo’s.
The Countrey alfo abounds with Pigeons, Partridges, Ducks, Goats, Hogs,
and other ordinary Cattel and Fowls. :
The Rivers afford them Souls, Salmon, Thornback, Sea-Cocks, Eels, Gurnets,
and feveral other unknown Fifhes, very delicate and wholfom, F
This Countrey alfo produces Nutmegs, Maftick, Peppers, Ginger, Cinamon,
Gold, Silver, Pearls, Silk, Sugar, Annifeed, Honey, Wax, Ebony«wood, Turpene
tine, Lime-pits,and Marble. :
Philips-Bay bends twenty Leagues into’ the Countrey, hatha fafe Harbor, and
excellent Ground, confifting of black Sand. Two great Rivers difcharge, their
Waters into the faid Bay, round about which are pleafant Woods, full of Quails,
Parrakito’s, Parrots, Nightingales, and Bulfinches, which Sing very {weetly. The
Blofloms, efpecially of Orange-Trees, ‘and the Herb Alpaca, yield an odoriferous
fmell. The wholfom Air adds vigor to aged People.
Fernandes de Qui delivering the foresmention’d Account to Philip the Second,
King of Spain, mov’d him to Plant the unknown South-Land, and the rather, be-
caufe he had not found any {nowy Mountains, drown’d Land, Crocodiles, Mu/-
chito’s, or any hurtful Creature, yee was not regarded ; fo that no Spaniard hath
4i<1zyfman's fince that time fet Foot on the unknown South-Land. But the Eajt- India Company
pr spenten undertaking the Defign with great eagerne(s, {ent thither two Ships, viz, the Hems-
: "kerk and Seas(ock,sunder the Command of Abel Tafman, to make a farther Difco-
very of the faid South-Land': Anno 1642. on the twelfth of Augu/t, they weigh’d
Anchor from Batavia, Sail’d through the Straights of Sunda to Manrice-I/land, where
they Anchor’d in the North»Weft Haven before the Caftle Frederick» Henrick, on the
fifth of September in the fore-mention’d Year. On the eighth of O&ob. Ta/man
ftood over to the South-Land, neat which he was furpris’d by a violent Storm, afe
terwards, on the twenty fifth of November, he difcover’d a barren Shore, againtt
which the Sea beat very furioufly ; and Steering along this Coaft, he found a con-
venient Inlet, but was forc’d by the hard Weather to ftand off to Sea again , yet
_ not long after approaching the Shore, he faw great hollow Trees, and round about
them abundance of Mufsle-fhells, and fromthe Wood hearda fhrill noife of Peo-
ple.Singing : Going to the fame place again, he put the Orange Flag on a Pole,
Carv'd with the EafteIndia Companies Arms, and call’d the Inlet Frederick-Henrick,
| . _ een and
 by

Chap. IV. AMERICA

655
the whole Coaft, Anthony van Diemen. Sailing from thence Eaftw
ard, he on the
eighteenth of December difcover’d a coavenient Haven, where
fending his Sloop to
difcoverthe Shore, he came back inthe Evening, being follow’d by a
Boat, which.
approach’d nearer and nearer, but Night coming upon him, he could not
well
difcern what they were that purfu’d him, but heard the cryef hoarfe
Voices, and
a fheill noife like that of aTrumpet, which the Netherland Seamen an{we
r'd by
hollowing, and blowing on their Trumpets, and at laft firing a Gun, the South
landers made a hideous noife, and blowing their Horns, teturn’d afhore
. Tafman
hereupon call’d his Watch, laid Hangers, Pikes, and Mufquets ready Charg’d,
up:
on the Decks: The next day the Southlander's came in {eyeral Boats, two
and two
ty’d together, and cover’d with Planks, towards the Ships; the Gunner of the the sos.
Femskerk_ going with fix Men in a Boat to help mount fome Guns in the SeasCock, ose da
_ were betwixt both Ships fet upon by the Southlanders,who approacht with a rate Attempt

hideous Ships.
noife, kill’d four of the Aollanders with long Poles, and fore’d the other
three to
fave themfelves by fwimming ; which they had no fooner done, but they
Row’d
with incredible fwiftnefs towards the Shore, infomuch that they were out
of the
reach of their Guns beforethey could make teady to fire at them. Ta/man
finding
that there was no good to be done hete, fince he hazarded the Lives of his
Seamen
apainft a company of wild People, he fer Sail, but. was follow’d by divers Boats,
at which he fir’d his After-Guns with pieces of Iron and Stones, which killin
g fome
ofthem, made the reft return. In the midft of the Boats, which were ty’d two
and
two together, fat the Commander, who encourag’d the Rowers ; they
all us’d
Clubs without Points. | ; .
Thefe People were grofs of Body, undaunted, ftrong, and of a tawny colour
,
the Hair of their Heads ftroak’d up round, was ty'dup on their Crown, on which
ftuck a ftiff white Feather ; about their Necks hung a {quare Plate; they wore
in
ftead of Cloaks, fquare pieces of Cloth, made fait before on their Breafts.
Tafman, by reafon ofhis rough Entertainment call’d this Harbor, Murderers-Buy,
and afterwards Sail’d along the Shore till the fifth of January v6.43. on which Day
he dropt Anchor nearrav little Rocky Ifland, from which fell two Streams, with a
great noife into the Sea. The Inhabitants, a ftrong People, beckned to the Seamen
to come ‘on Shore; fome lean’dion thick Clubs,others Fene’d.one with another. Ta-
man {ending his Sloop afhore for Waser with two Drakes, return’d without any,
not being able to Land, by reafon of the hollow Sea near the Shore ; wherefore
Sailing from thence he difcover’dtwo low Hes, which were full of Woods of yery
tall Trees ; from the biggeft whereof came alittle Boat, fharp befote and behind,
in which three fallow Men, fitting behind one another, Row’d with great {wift-
ne{stowards the :Hemskerk ; whereupon Ta/man commanded all his Men to go un-
der the Hatches, that the three Southlanders might not be afraid to come aboard ,
he alfo'threw.a piece of Linnen outof his Cabbin Window, which one of them,
leaping into the Sea, took up, andasafign of thankfulnefs, laid the fame on his
Head, and being hereby emboldned, they came nearer the Rudder, where they took
up'a Knife, ty’d to a piece of Wood, out of the Water, and retirn’d the ‘Seameén
a Fifhhook-of Mother-of-Pearl, :ty’d toa Cotton Line. Approaching the Shore,
they faw abundance of People running along, with two tittle Flags on Sticks.
Some of the Natives came.intheirBoats clofeup with Ta/manis Ship ;.ahd.one more
bold than the reft entring the fame, was found tobe .a:tall. Man with a broad
black Beard, and green Leaves abo
his
utNeck, who fat down:on the Deck with
his Legs under him, and bow’d-down his Head oftentimes very low: ‘Ta/man re-
turning his Civility, took him bythe Hand to Treat him inchis\Cabbin, but a
Dog
 | Bee.
656 AMERICA Chap. IV.
Dog which was: in the Ship Barking, he grew fearful, and went into his Boat
again. Several other Southlanders fwam aboard, and others brought Pifang and)
with lefler
Clappes in their Boats, Againft the Evening a great Veffel, furrounded
the
Boats, came Rowing towards the Hemskerk, the Men making a great noife ;
of their
Seamen fearing fome Defign, ran all to their Arms, but were convine’d
Ifland.
Friendfhip by the Gifts they Prefented them with from the Governor of the
which
The next day a flrange Boat came near the Sea-Cock, viz. two Sloops,
being ty’d together, and cover’d with Boards, carry’d feveral Men, Commanded
by a Captain, by them call’d Oranghay: On the midft. of the Boards. which :co-
ver’d the two Boats, ftood a Hut made of Rufhes, and cover’d over with Pifang
Leaves ; the Sails being made of Mats, caus’d it to Sail very fwiftly. .Round
about this Sloop Row’d lefler Boats, out of which loud Acclamations were heard,
every one crying our, Hael, Hael: during which noife, thofe Southlanders -which
were already come aboard, fat ftillon the Decks, which made Tafman think that
their King himfelf was coming to give him a Vific, which accordingly fell out,
for he came and Prefented him with feveral Hogs, Poultrey, Clappes and Pifang,
| ,
all cover’d with white Cloths.
i Aah This Southlandifh King was Habited in a Suit, the Stuff whereof refembled (bi
ae nefe Paper, doubled and pafted together, and was attended by a great Train of
. * Men, Women, and Children, all of them as black as a Coal’; fome of them fwam
after, and others follow’d him in Boats. °*
Thefe Southlanders barter’d their Clothes and: Necklaces, which confifted of
Mother-of-Pearl and white Cockles, and Fifhhooks made alfo of Mother-of~
Pearl, againft Nails, Knives, and the like Trifles. ah
Tafman caus’d a Shirt, Breeches, Doublet, and Hat, to be put on an old Orang-
kay; who being thus Cloth’d, ftood a confiderable time admiring of himfelf, and
was alfo much wonder’d at by his Subjects; but going into the Countrey, he
came’ back without his Clothes. |
Another Orangkay being Prefented with a Rummer of Wine, pour’d out the
Wine, and fetting the Rummer on his Head, went away with great joy.
Some of the Governors view’d the Ships, not onely above, butalfo below the
Decks, and being brought to the Guns, they defir'd to know the ufe of them;
whereupon one being Difchatg’d, it fo affrighted them, that had they not been
held, they had/all leap’d overboard. | |
Provifions were daily brought bythe Southlanders to the Hollanders in great Vef-
fels, furrounded by many leffer; fill as they put their Oars into the Water, they
made a hideous noife. pial : \y
Tafman bringing fome empty Veffels upon the Deck, thereby to: make them uns
derftand that he wanted frefh Water, the Orangkays pointed to the Shore; whither
they went with two Boats, which return’d without Water, the Inhabitants them-
felves being fore’d to dig Pits to get the fame. |
Mean while other Sonthlanders coming aboard, the Pilot-and Boatfwain’s Boy
blow’d on their Trumpets, another play’d on a Flute, and a fourthon a Violin,
whileft fome of the the Seamen Dancing, fo amaz’d the Natives, that they ftood
like fenfelefs Creature, gaping with open Mouth upon them.
Tafman looking into a Grammar which contain’d the Language of the Solomons
Ifles, found that many words which were us'd by thefe People, had 4-great fimis
litude with thofe of that Language. : |
Befides thefe Men, there came likewife a great many Women aboard, all of
them extraordinary tall, efpecially two, who might juftly be ftil’d Giantefles;
) | four
 Chap. LV. “e AMEKIC 4. 657
one whereof had Muftacho’ S; both. ran, and embracing the Chicurgeon Henrick
Haelbos, defir’d carnal Copulation with him, and feem’d co quarrel one with anos
ther about him: Othersconfidently put their Hands into the Hodanders Breeches,
their Husbands giving confent thereunto: All of them had thick, curl’d, black
Hair, which they colour’d red, and comb’d with ten little round Sith ty ‘4toge-
ther on the top, and left wide like Teeth at the bottom; yet fome of them let
their Hair hang down in long braided Locks; they have their upper Lips, bue
keep a {quare Beard on their Chin; yet among(t. the old People there were
fome whofe Cheeks were overgrown wrist Hair: Their manner of fhaving is with
the Teeth of certain Fifh made faft to a Stick ; they all went bare-headed, except
fome few, who ty’d a {quare piece of Stuff, wrought of Leaves or Heathers: above
their Eyes agzinft the Sun ; the upper parts of their Bodies were all naked, but
about their Middle fome vata a Girdle, others a Mat of Clappes Leaves, others a
Cloth not unlike (hinefe Paper, about the lower parts of their Bodies. The Wo-
mens Apparel differ’d little from the Mens, excepting that their Aprons reach’d
farther down, viz, to their Knees. They barter’d their Clothes againft Nails. Some
of the Orangkays, being Entertain’d in the Cabbin, wonder’d to fee a Bullet that
‘was Dilcharg’d from the Quarter-deck, fall into the Water at fo great a diftance.
They wore about their Necks Mother-ofPearl, white Cockles, {weet fmelling
Flowers, green Leaves, or the Nails which they had gotten of the Hollander: : Some
of the aged Women wanted both their little Fingers, and the young ones the upper
Joynts of them, which the old Men alfo wanted : Hiaelbos pointing atthe Stump,
ask’d the reafon of it, but one of them laying his Hand under his Chin, made {trange
Signs, out of which he could apprehend nothing.
On the twenty third of January, a fecond time Ta/man went afhore for Water,
carrying Spades and Pick-axes with him, todig Pits with. Two of the Hollande’s
Boats going clofe together, in each of which were three Southlanders, Ta/man call’d
_to his Rowers to pull ftoutly ; which the Southlanders in Ta/man’s Boat obferving to
tend to their Rowing the fwifter, laugh’d and hooted at their Countrey-men that
were in the Sea:Cocks Boat, when they chanc’dtoget beyond them. Ta/man in his
going afhore difcover’d feveral Ifles at a diftance, was kindly Entertain’d,’ and
cowards the Evening carry’d by four Men through the Water, on a Mat made faft
betwixt two Poles, to his Sloop, whither they alfo brought nine Hogs, and frefh
Water digg’d out of Pits.
Tafman being got about the Point of the Ifland, faw the Hemskerk under Sail,
wherefore Rowing aboard the Sea-(ock, he was inform’d that fhe had flipt her An-
chor ; whereupon following her, he got fight of another green Ifland the next day,
along the Shore whereof ran feveral People with Sticks, on which hung white
Cloths ¢ fome of them came aboard, and brought with them what Provifions the
Ifland afforded. The Inhabitants barter’d (lappes, Pifang, Fowls, Hogs, Mothere
of-Pearl-Fifh-hooks, Stone Axes, little Stools, great Clubs, with a black Point as
long as a Man’s Arm, and hooked, againft Trifles. The Hollanders were alfo ftor’d
here with frefh Water. The People both in Language, Habit, rnd Cuftoms,were
very like thofe of the firft Ifland, but were not altogether a courteous. One of
the Southlanders {tealing a Half-pike out of the Boat was forc’d by his Companions
to reftore the fame. -
The fore-mention’d Heaelbos relates, That going athens with fome Soldiers, he
faw their Houfes, which he found to be built after a ftrange manner, viz. fome of
them were round like, Towers, Wider at top than at bottom, and without any
Holes for Air, but all built clofe of Canes, which were ftuck inthe Ground ; other
Ooo Huts
 AMERICA. Y "Chap. IV.
Huts were covet’d with along Roof of Pifang or Clappes Leaves, refting on Pofts;
under which kind of Building Hielbos fhelter’d himfelf againft a mighty Shower _
of Rais, found divers young Menand Women fitting on Mats, ard an old Woman,
blind through Age, lying by them on the Ground, and Fanning her felf with Pi-
fang Leaves: The Men going away, fignifid thereby a'kind of Invitation-to the
Hiollanders, to go to the Women, who not receiving the Entertainment they exe
pected, role altogether on a fudden, and Singing, Danc’d about the: Hollanders.
The Men had ontheir Shoulders and Breafts, Scars of half an Inch deep, and an
Inch long ; upon fome of which,- being frefh and bleeding, the Flyes fat. They
eat after a {trange manner, for ftripping off the outmoft Rinds of the Clappes with
their Teeth, and breaking the hard Shell againft their Elbows, they pull out the
Kernel, and eat the fame. Whatever Flefh-meat they eat, they never throughly
boyl or roaft it, but make it onely juft warm. They fleep on the Ground upon
Mats, and lay their Heads on a little woodden Cricket with four Feet. They take
great ptide in their Hair, and thofe that have not long Hair of their own, ufe
Perukes. |
Tajman fteering his Courfe towards the high Coaft that lay before this Ifland,
was follow’d by feveral {mall Veffels fromthe adjacent Shore, of which fomecar-
ry'd a Bough of (lappes or Pifang, with white Veins at the ends;but feeing the
Ships Sail from them, they threw the fame overboard. Tafman ftanding Wefterly,
difcover’d three Ifles, near the laft whereof the Sea broke exceedingly, which the
Hallanders not without great danger had approached in the Night : after which
they difcover’dto Leeward of them, a high Coaft, which extended ic felf a “great
way, but the Sea went fo rough, that they durftnot venture near the Land; be-
fides, the Sea went very high on a Bank, firff ten, then five, three and a half, and
again ten, fourteen, and feven Fathom deep; and oftentimes a Man might fee the
Ground, infomuch that they kept out the Boats belonging to the Elemskerk, which
wasin moft danger, to carty them aboard of the Sea-Cock, if the firft fhould chance
to fplic, Laftly getting over the Bank, they faw very high Land to Windward, and
many hilly Ifles to Leeward; the Sea alfo was full of blind Rocks and Shelves, fo
that they were in danger every hour, and the rather, becaufe the Wind blew hard
every day; yet at laftlofing fight of Land, they fteer’d theinCourfe Wefterly
in five Degrees Southward of the Line, towards New Guinee. On the two and
twentieth of March they difcover’d low Land full of Woods of tall Trees, {ure
rounded with a company ofIfles, againft fome of which the Sea brake with great
violence, infomuch that they were again in great danger, efpecially when they
were got amongft eighteen Ifles, between which the Water being fhallow, and the
Current running very ftrongly, drove the Ships towards the Shore : Whileft they
were Tacking to and again to get beyond the Shelves,a little Veffel carrying agreat
Weatherecock on her Starsboard, came from the Shore, Row’d by feven Men, who
fat on Boards which lay over the fame ; they were of abrown Complexion, ontly
girt about with a hairy Girdle, made faft on the top of their Heads ; under their
Feet they alfo wore fomething in ftead of Shoes, about their Necks hung Flowers,
and their Bodies were Painted black: Among the feven, one who was very fat,
and whofe Head was adorn’d with two Feathers, ftood up and proffer’d the
Seamen two Clappes, in return whereof Ta/man gave them a Box of Nails and a
piece of Sailscloth, which finking under Water, an aged Man div'd for the fame,
and bringing it up, gave it to his fix Companions, who made no fhew of thank-
fulnefs. Their Arms. confifted in Bowes and Arrows, ‘Their Clappes they calfd
Anieuw, as the other Iflanders had done. =
Sailing
 Chap, IV. of MER ICA 659
Sailing from hence, they difcover’d tvro low Iflands full of Trees
; and three
Leagues from them, on their Stareboard, a high Coaft, and on the
other Gide a great
‘Tfland, whither they drove with a {mall Gale, appro
aching the fame, two very
{mall Boats came towards the Hemskerk ; the biggeft of
the two carry’d fix Men,
and the leaft three, all of them very deform’d ; they went ftark
naked, onely their
Yards were ty’d up with a String on their Bellies, and
about their Arms hung
Chains of Mother-of-Pearl, they were Coal-black, onely red
about the Mouth,
which rednefs was occafion’d by the chewing of Pifang ; in their
Hair ftuck wood-
den Combs, and on their Foreheads green Leaves ; butin,eath
Boat was one who
hada bruifed Reed made fat in his Neck like 4 Plume ;
the biggeft Veffel was
Painted with ftrange Shapes of Men and Beafts ; they us’d
red Bowes and Ar-
rows, and having call’d to the Seamen, they Row'd back again
to the Shore ; which
Tafman left a Stern of him, and ran between the Main Coaft
(by all fuppos’d to be
New Guinee) and feveral great Iflands, that lay featter’d along
before the Main
Coaft ;from whence came four fmall Boats, adorn’d with Image
ry like Serpents,
but kept without Gun-fhot from the Ships ; at laftone leapin
g overboard,fwam t6
the {malleft Boat, out of which one fwam back in his ftead to the
other, and after-
wards came to the Hemskerks fide ; he was a black Man, wore Leaves
before his
Privities, and Armlets about his Elbows ;-through the Griftle of
his Nofe fluck a
white Bone Bodkin, fharp.at the ends, and of a Fingers length, and
about his
Neck a String full of Cockle-fhells.
Tafman Sailing on along the Main Coaft, met with eighte
en Boats more, the
Rowers whereof laid their Oars upon their Heads, and not witho
ut ftrange Ge-
ftures call’d aloud, and invited the Hollanders to come afhore
: On the Sterns and
Heads of thefe Boats were likewife divers Shapes Painted, upon a white
Ground,
in fome were two, and in others three, four, and five Men ; cight
of them going
into the Hollanders Boats, were made Drunk with Arrack. Thefe. Southlanders went
ftark naked, fome onely covering their fecret Parts with Leaves; their
Skins were
black, onely on their Foreheads they drewa red Stroke, which reach’d to their
Ears ; their brown curl’d Hair was by fome colour’d grey, by fome
red, fome let
it hang loofe over their Sholdiers, others ty’d the fame ina Tuf on theit
Crown,
cover’d with a Cap of Pifang Leaves, others wore their Hair {earce
two Fingers
long, and through the Griftle of their Nofe, ‘a piece of Cane or Quill, and
a broad
Beard without Muftacho’s ; they had nothing to barter but large
Snail-fhells, on
which they made a ftrange noife, and whatfoe’re they receiv’d, they
firft fmell’d
on it like Dogs: they fancy’d not Nails, as all the other Southlanders had done.
Their manner of Fifhing was thus: They ty’d feveral half Clappes-fhells, made
faft like a Chain, toa long Reed, fhook the fame toand again on the Water,
to ga-
ther the Fifh together. In the Boats lay Planks of an oval fafhion, which
by Ropes
tyd in the middle they held before them im ftead of Shields. When thefe
Sout.
landers went from the Ships, one of them threatned to beat the seamen, fhakin
g his
great Club at them ; whereupon they all Row’d with great {peed to the Shore,
whileft one in every Boat knockt with a Staff againft the fides, juft as if they
had
beat an Alarm. Amongft them one had barter’d for an old Doublet, with
which
he fhew’d many antick Tricks, putting ic on the Wrong way, fometimes on his
Head, then his Feet into the two Arm-holes, and anon the Button-holes behind
on
his Back, |
The Ships Sailing from hence, ran along a broken Coaft, and on the twelfth. of
April were fo terribly fhaken by an Earthquake, which lafted an hour and a half,
that they feem’d fhivering to pieces in the Water, as if they had-ran again a
: Ooo :z 7 Rock,
 AMER
IC A. . Chap. LV.
Rock, notwithftanding they could not fathom Ground with their longeft Line.
Somewhat farther they difcover’d a burning Mountain on an Ifland, between
which and the Main (on which ftood alfo a very high Mountain) they fteering their
Courfe, came into a white Water, mov'd by a ftrong River from the Continent ,
and coming to an Anchor before the Mland Jamna, they faw the Ifles Moa and Ari-
moa before them. The Jamneans calling New Guinee by the Name of Belah, inform’d
the lollanders, that they Wart’d continually with the Inhabitants thereof. Thefe
People being alfo Coal-black, fome of them had loofe curl’d Hair, hanging down
over theit Shoulders in long Braids, and others had onely two thick Locks, which
cover’d their Ears ; all of them wore four Feathers on their Heads: the Men pull’d
out their Beards, and hung a great Bone Ring through their Ears, at which alfo
hung a Shell like a Spur; moft of them had red Rofes ty'd about their Heads, and
4 Necklace of Hogs Teeth about their Necks; under their Navels they wore Gire
dles, a handful and a half broad, and about their Waftes Strings full of Shells, or
Sea-Cockles, to which a {mall Lappet was.ty’d, and hung down before their Pri-
vities ; but becaufe it was but two Fingers broad, and mov’d to an. again by the
Wind, their Nakednefs appear’d to thofe that took notice thereof ; through the
Griftle of their Nofes they wore a Hogs Tooth, or the Splinter of aCane. Upon
the Stern of their {mall Boats was the Shape of a little Lyon. One of thefe Iflan-
ders imitated the Hollanders when they {poke, endeavoring to repeat their words
after them, and therefore was call’d Parrot. | . |
Ta/man Sailing from hence to Moa, came to an Anchor before the Coaft, ten
Leagues beyond Jama, where a great Boat, carrying feventeen Men, coming near
the Ship, let flie a great many Arrows at the Seamen ; but the next Morning being
better reconcil’d, they came aboard, where the Chirurgeon of the Ship gave a Cap
to one of jhe Jamneans, who, as a teftimony of his thankfulnefs for the Prefent, re-
quefted him co fit down ; which done, he began to braid his Hair from his Fore-
head to his Neck, tying the fame with a String. | ;
Ta/man weighing Anchor, Sail’d between New Guinee and the Ifland Infox, having
_ got mothing but a few famnean words from the Iflanders, who call’d a Bone, Vers
tilia,; a Hog, Paro; a Knife, Sapera; Beads, Saffera; a Nail, Tortor ; Sleep, Moeni ;,
and a Rat, d/phoo. So fteering his Courfe along Arimoa, which is both higher and
larger than the neighboring moa, and refembles a Seaman’s Cap, he left New
Guinee a Stern of him, and Steering on Northerly, Sail’d by Schoutes-I/land, where
eight large Boatscame within Gun-fhot of him, ¢ach of which had on each fide a
Wing, under which fat four Rowers, two and two together, withtheir Feet hang-
ing in the Water; at their approaching near the Ship they put out a long Pole,
with a white Flag upon it ; whereupon Ta/man,allo commanded his white Enfiga
to be put forth, and threw a String of Beads, ty’d to a piece of Wood, out of his
- Cabbin Window ; which the Southlanders had no fooner taken up, but in reftimo-
ny ofthankfulnefs they all broke their Arrows over their Heads, and kept near the
fides of the Ship, till fuch time as the Boatfwain thereof founded a Trumpet, up-
on the hearing of which thep all Row’d away with as much fpeed as they could
poflibly.. Thefe People were of a fallow Complexion ; they broke their Arrows
with great Ceremony ; for firft they pointed with them towards the Skie, then put
them into the Water, and breaking each Arrow in two pieces on their Heads, they
threw one over the Larboard, andthe other over the Starboard; he that broke
the Arrow, made a long Speech to the Hollanders, who took the fame for an Oath
of their Fidelity toward them. In every one of thefe Boats were twenty eight of
thirty Men.
Tafiman
 AMERICA 661° ae
Chap. V. ‘i
wing day another 2fnustic a
Tafman profecuting his Voyage farther, difcover’d the follo be an GpenPine yore
Ifland, and a crooked Arm of New Guinee, near which he judg’d might
oard a great many aap
ing betwixt New Guinte and Gilolo; then leaving on his Starb
blind Cliffs, dangerous Shelves, and uneven Grounds, he caft Anchor neara Rock,
which at high Water was overflow'd. A Boat coming near the Ship, in which
were fix Men, whofe long Hair hung down their Backs, one of them amongft the
Language, faying, What
reft ftanding up, cali’d to the Hollanders in the Ternaren
People ?.to which a Seaman, who underftood and {pake the faid Language, ane
{wer'd, Spaniards : whereupon he ask’d, From what Countrey, and whither bound? to
Ternata: The Southl ander hereupon reply ’d,d
caus’
which he-was anfwer'd, From Moa to but Holland make ; whereupon Taf/man
You are Deceivers, the Ship is not Spanifh,
the Prince of Orange’s Flag to be put out, which the Southlander no foorier faw, but
he cry’d, It appears by your Flags that you are Hollanders, who are always more welcom to us
g
than Spaniards ; However, though the Seaman acknowledg’d his miftake, in fayin
but at
they were Spaniards, yet the Southlanders would not ftay within fhot of them,
their Rowing away cry’daloud, Here és abundance of Pifang, Clappes, Potato’s, Sugar-
| |
Canes, and other Fruits on Shore.
and a Channel that
' From hence Tafman Sail’d Northerly between many Ifles,
feparates New Guinee from Gilolo, by Cerani, Manipe, Bolao, and Burro, to a narrow
ding high
| Opening, where Pangefane being on his Larboard, rofe with excee
grown
Rocks, as Botton on the Starboard. Thefe Rocks are moft of them over
with Treesand Brambles. In the middle of this Channel alfo lies a Rock, for its
at
fhape cail’d 4 Galley, by which 'Ta/man Sailing, bent his Courfe homeward, and
e Batavia.
laft, on the fifteenth of June, Anno 1643. caft Anchor befor

GEEEE
EE EBACE
GAELRE
CURRAE aie Ritiet
ER
CHAP. V.

Terra Borealis, or The Artick Region:

Aving {poken fomething of the Terra Auftralis Incognita, ox Unknown South-
ba Land, there remains fomething to be faid of the oppofite part, namely, the
Terra Borealis, ox the Artick Region, which is call’d Incognita in like manner
as the Terra Aufiralis, in regard, though very much, as well of the one as of the
other, hath been fearch’d into, and in part difcover'd by feveral Voyagers, yet
”
~ doubtlefs there is a very vaft Tract of Land, inthe Artick Region efpecially (if it be
not rather Sea,) which is altogether unknown, and thofe parts which have been
difcover’d, as Groenland,I/eland, Nova Zembla,Spilbergen,Hudfon's Straights and Bay, &c.
fo imperfectly known, that they may well deferve the T itle of Unknown.
part
The feveral parts of this Artick Region are, 1. Terra Subpolaris Incognita, or that
nd,
which lies direétly under the Pole,and is otherwife call’d Orbis Aréticus. 2 Groenla
3. Spilbergen, or Niculand. 5. Ifeland. 6. Nova Zembla. \.
The Terra Subpolaris is defcrib'd by a certain Seaman of Bofleduc, to bea great 4 necripi-
y heighth; Sisae. }
black Rock,about thirty five Leagues in compa(s,and of an extraordinar
four 3
through the Land adjoyning to which the Sea violently breaking, makes
ward with
great and violent Euripi, or Whirlpools, whofe Waters driving North
a Gale,
fo forcible 2 Stream, that no Ship, though carry’d by nexer fo ftrong
It is alfo re-
ss able to tem the Current, are at laft fwallow’d up in the Earth.
as PSR ee _ Ooo 3 - ported,
 “i | /
AMERICA. “> Chape'V
ported, that between two ofthefe Euripi, namely thar made by the Scythick Ocean,
and that on the back fide of Groenland, there liech an Ifland Northward of Lappia
and Biarmia, inhabited by Pygmies. Much more to this purpofe is related of the
Subpolar Region, but fince it is very improbable that any one could comé fo fear
as to make any difcovery thereof, to fay more of this Matter, would be but to in-
fift upon things favoring mor of Fables
e than Reality. i |
gounds and Groenland is that part of Terra Septentrionalis, which winds about from South to
Gromlands Raft and decline Northward from Cape Faruel, in the Deucaledonian Séa ; however,
Groenland hath been generally taken for an Ifland , yet many late Navigators thiak
it joyns with the Continent of Tartary, and others leave it in doubt whether it Be
Ifland or Continent : It is bounded towards thé Eaft with the Deucaledonian Ocean:
towards the Weft, with Hud/on’s Straights 4nd Bay, which feparate it ftom Aimetica ;
~ towards the North its Bounds are altogether unknown, and is not withont reafon
fuppos’d to be the utmoft part of the World towards the North Pole. There are
who believe it to be one Continent with America, and that upoh this gtouhd, be.
caufe feveral who haveattempted to pafs through the Straight commonly call’d .
The Straight of Davis, into the Eaft-Indies, affirm, that they found it to be a Galph,
but one Captain John Monk, who was alfo a gteat Undertaker ih the Notth-Weft
Paflage through this Straight, ot Gulf of Davis, alledges great Probabilities of this
Lands being divided by Sea ‘from the Continent of America. ~~ 4
ae This Countrey hath anciently been divided into two Regions,
Ea/t-Groenland
Gronland and We/t-Groenland ; anfwerable to which Divifion Evrick, furnam’d The
Ruddy, the
‘eibandIhe Son of Torvalde, is reported by the Danifh Chronicle to have built two. Forts
or
ja ae Lodges, Oftrebug and Weftrebug, in the Eaftern part. The firft
Planters of (briftia-
"nity buile the City Garde, which became, as the faid Chronicle mentions, a City of
great Repute aud ‘Traffick, and not long after, ‘the Town Albe, and towards
the
Sea-Coaft, a Monaftery, dedicated to St. Thomas. The City Garde was a Bifhop’s
See, to which belong’d a Cathedral Church, by'the Title of St. Nicholas, built in
the fame City, though a certain I/eland Chronicle makes mention of the Church of
Strofnes, as the chief Metropolitan and Bifhop’s See of Groenland. The Bifhop
afs
fitted oftentimes in the Affembly of the Estates of Denmark, and held of
the Bifhop
of Nidrofia or Drunthen in Norway, as the Temporal Effate of Groenland
held of the
Crown of Norway,the Norwegians being the onely known Planters of this
Countréy,
deriving their Original from the aforefaid Errick, according to the
teftintony ‘of
Mr. Vormiws, and alfo of Angrimus Fonas, in his Specimen Iflandicum, and the Vices-Roy:
of Norway,the Nomopbylax (as the faid Angrimus calls ‘him, ).or Sovereign Judge
of the
Countrey. The Inhabitants of We/treburg,or the Weltern Coaft of Groenlan
d, are by
fome call’d Skreglinguers. According to the Heland Chronicle, the Towns and
Places
of chief note are Skageford, in the moft Eaftern part; a little farther Weft,
the Port
of Funchebuder,fo call’d from a Page of St. Olaus King of Norway, who
together with _
feveral others were caft away upon that place; alittle higher, the Roan/en,
full of
white Beats, and other wild Beafts. In the Weftern Coalt; Kindelfiord,
an Armof
the Sea; on the right Shore whereof ftands Korfekirk, i.e. 2 Church
built crofs-
ways; alfothe Town Vandalebug, and not far off a Monaftery,
dedicated to St.
Olaus and St. Auguftine ;the next Place is Rumpefinfiord, where
there is.a religious
Convent, and divers little Iflands, in which ate Springs of. Water,
warmin the
Winter, and temperate in the Summer, which are accounted Medicin
al, “and of
great Vertue in the curing ofdivers Maladies 3 upon the
fame Coaft lies. Et/natf-
fiord ; between which and Rupefinfiord is the Palace Fos, and
a.great Church, -dedi-
cated to St. Nicholas, near the Promontory Clining is another great
Houfe call’d
| Daller,
 ‘
Chap. V. ° %y AMERICA. 663
Daller, andibeyond Eynatsfiord, a great [landdenominated Reynatfen, from the abun-
danceof Rein-Deer: which breed there : Inthe fame Ifland is a Quarry of the
Stone Talgueftin, not\conlumable by Fire, and yet fofe enoughto be cur into any
form, infomuch that Veffels have been made of it, containing twelve Tun. More
Weftetly lies the Ifland Langen, and another,Royal Houfe-call’d Hede/tad, then Ey-
ricksfford,, another Arm of the Sea, and at. the Entrance thereof, the [land Herrieven,
_ parc whereof belongs to the Dome, or Cathedral, andthe other part to the Church
of Dunes, the principak Chusch of Groenland, next to the Cathedral, North-Weft
from Erricksfiord is Midfiord, and farther Northward, Bondeford ; near which are
feveral little Mles and Ports. Between Offrebug- and We/trebug isa large Defart, alco-
gether uninhabited. ;
This Defcription of the Countrey, Extracted from the J/eland Chronicle, is
look’d upon by a late French Writer of nove, as. the moft particular and faithful ;
however, the Dauifh Chronicle differs in many things, and amongft others in this,
that not the hundredth part of Groenland is poflefs'd by the Norwegians, but that there
inhabit feveral different forts of People; of different Fafhions and Governments,
altogether unknown to the Norwegians. aay |
Groenland, notwithftanding its Northerly Situation, is reported to be a Coun. Tempcrture
trey not unfertile of Corn, and other Produétions of the Earth ; and in refpect of ©
its verdant Afpedct.at fome Seafons of the Year, above the reft of thofe Septentrional
Regions,it is concluded to have merited the Name of Groenlayd, i.¢. Greenland ; nay,
fo great'is the Heat that is faid to be there during the Moneths of June, July, and
Auguft, by reafon of the reverberation of the Sun-beams from the Rocks, that ma-
ny times there is but fix Weeks fpace betwixt Seed-time and Harveft.
The Beafts, which are faid to breed here in gréat numbers, are Horfes, Deer, What
fortof
Foxes, Hares, Bears, both black and white, common Wolves, and afort of Beaft breed there,
between a Deer and a Wolf, befides great, ftore of Beavers and Martins, as the
Ifeland Chronicle teftifies, whofe Furr in finenels may compare with the Sables of
Ru/sia. There are alfo Gerfalcons in abundance, both,whité and grey, of fo deli-
cate a kind, that they were in ancient times fent tothe Kings of Denmark as Pres
fents of great rarity. ie
The Seas about Greenland abound in very many forts of Fifth, as Sea-Wolves,
Sea-Dogs,, SeasCalves, and above all, incredible numbers of Whales of a vaft
bignefs. | ,
But the moft remarkable Commodity of this Countrey, is a kind of Horn, com- Strange hind
monly call’d the Licornes, or UnicornseHorn, which is found there in great quantities, fuundehere
and great ftore of it isto be feen in Denmark, fome whole, fome in great pieces,
fometimes onely the Ends or Stumps ; but fince it appears yery differeut from all
otherkind of Horn, there is great Queftion made amongft Naturalifts, whether it
be Horn or Tooth 2. and if Horn, whetherthe Horn ofa Beaft or Fifh ? but ic is
difcover’d of late to be the Horn, or rather Tusk of a certain Fifh, which the
Iflanders call Narbual, being indeed a kind of Whale, as the Name feems to imply,
fignifying a Whale which feeds upon Carcafes. |
This Countrey is.call’d by the Natives, Secanunga; who was the firft Dilcoverer The chic
thereof is not certainly known, but the firft chief Voyagers thither were, of the shine,
oyapers

Dutch, William Barents, or Barentfon; of Amfterdam, who fer forth towards thofe Parts
in the Year 1594. and before him, Dithmar Blefkens, in the Year 1563. of the Eng-
lifh, Mr. James Hall, whoifet out from Copenhagen in Denmark, Anno 1605. andina
fecond Voyage was flainby a Salvage ofthe Countrey. Ma |
The Coaftings, Courfes, Havens and Creeks of Groenland, according as erat gs ae
FECCLV GOofcrcGroenlana
eg.
A ) , a “a Me :
664. AMERIC<. + "Chap. V.
receiv'd an Account of them from Iver Boty, a Groenlander, written in the Norfh Lan.
guage, as it is call’d, are as followeth : From Stad in Norway, co Hornnefs, the
Eaft part of Groenland, it is feven days Sailing. Between Ifeland and Groenland lietha
Riff call’d Gomborn/e-fkare, the Ice lying upon which, hindreth the Paffage. Thofe
chat Sail from Bergen in Norway South of Rokene/fs in Ifeland, come under Swaffter, a
Promontory, or high Land in the Eaft part of Groenland, and within fight of the
high Mount Whitfark, between which and Groenland lieth a Headland, call’d Her-
noldus Hook, not far from Sound-Haven, formerly much frequented by the Norway
Merchants. Thofe that Sail from Ifeland to Groenland, Steer to Snoffne/s, Welt of
Rokenefs, and after South-Weft. Eaftof Hernoldus Hook lieth the Village of Skagen-
ford, the moft Eafterly Village of the Ifland ; Eaft of Skagenford, the Haven Bear-
ford, inacceffible by Ships, by reafon of a great Riff lying at the Mouth thereof.
This Place is chiefly remarkable for the Whale-fifhing, the Whales upon the going
back of the Tide running into a great Swalth, as they call it, which is in the Haven.
Eaft of Bearford is the Haven call’d Allabong Sound, full of little Iles. -Eaft from
the aforemention’d Haven Fendobothes.
the Icy Mountain, Farther Eaft is the High-
land Corfe Hought, where they Hunt white Bears, Weft from Hlernoldws Hook is the
Village Codosford, and hard by the Sea-Coaft, a fair Church, which we conceive to’
be the fame with Kor/ekirk above {poken of, as (odosford may alfo probably be the
fame with Kindelfiord. A little farther Weft lieth the Boy, or Town of Wart/dale (for
in the Norfh Language Boy fignifies a Town,) belonging to Petre/uik, or Peterswike
Church: Near this Boy or Town ftandeth a Cloyfter, or Abbey of Canons Regu.
lar, dedicated to St. Olafe and St. Augufime. Next to Codosford is Rompnesford, the
fame queftionlefs with the above-mention’d Rumpefinfiord, where there is a Cloyfter
of Nuns of the Order of St. Benediét : In this Ford lie many: {mall Ifles. Between
Rompnefs and the next Sound lieth a great Garden call’d Vo/e, belonging to the
King of the Countrey, as alfo St. ‘Nicholas Church before mention’d. Ar the ens
trance into Bymmestnesford is the Inlet Southwoderswike, and fomewhat higher on
the fame fide, the little Cape Bloming, beyond the Inlet Granwike ; above that, the
Garden call’d Daleth, belonging to the Cathedral Church; andon the right-hand
co thofe that Sail out of the faid Sound, a great Wood belonging’ to the fame
Church, where they feed their Oxen, Kine, and Horfes. The Highland lying by
Emestuesford, is call’d The Ramas Hayth, from the Rain-Deer which ufe to be there
Hunted : And hereabouts is that fort of Stone of which they make large Fats ot
Cifterns, ashath been before intimated ; it is by fome call’d the Zevell-Stone, being
a fort of Marble, or (as fome will have it) Load-ftone, of all colours. Weft from
this lieth another Highland, call’d Long-Highland. The next Sound is call’d Swal-
terford, having a Church belongining to it of the {ame Name, and where there is
_‘alfo a Garden belonging to the King, call’d St. Hlentelffad. Next to that. lieth
Erricksford, and at the entrance thereof the Highland Erricks Hought, belonging to
Deverskirk, the firft Parochial Church in Graenland. North»Weft from Erricksford,
is Megdenford. Farther out isa Church call’d Scogelkirk; and farther in the Sound,
Leadenkirk. Beyond Erricksford is another Ford or Sound, by*the Name of
Foffa, belonging to the Cathedral Church, and tothe North of it, two) Villages,
Ever-boy and Forther-boys From thence farther North lieth Bredaford; and after
that Lormontford ; and from thence Weftward, Icedeep. “To the North of the
Weftland lieth a {pacious Wildernefs, call’d Hlemel Hlatsfelt, and Edg’d with mafite
Rocks and Cliffs towards the Sea fide ;beyond which the Sea is innavigable, by
reafon of themany Swalgen, or Whirlpoolsthereabouts. /
In Groenland there are divers Hills, wherein are Silver-Mines, multitudes of white
Bears,
 \. ; -

Chap. V. ; AME RP Ce. | 66%

Bears, with red Patches on their Heads ; alfo white Hawks, and all forts of Fifh.
There are moreover in the Countrey divers Rivers, frozen up for tle molt pare of
the Year, and cover’d with Ice; yer it is generally affirm’d, that ic is uot fo cold
there as in Norway ot Ifeland. On the Hills are faid to grow Acorns and Nuts, very
welltafted, and as big as Apples ; alfoas good Wheat as is commonly produc’d in
other Parts, <
. In the Journal of Dithmar Blefkens’s Voyage, mention is made of a certain blind AnAecoune
Monk, brought up in the Monaftery of St. Thomas, who reported feveral memora- fam Dib
ble things concerning this Countrey, as that it was call’d Groenland antiphraftically, bs Fournai,
or by contrariety of Speech, as appearing feldom or never green ; and that it
abounded with Bears and white Foxes,and was not without Pygmies and Unicorns,
which never appear'd till after the Sun wasentred into ies ; that in thefaid Mos
naftery of St. ‘Thomas there was a Fountain of fcalding Water, which was convey'd
through Pipes of Stones to the Monks feveral Cells, and ferv’d them not onely for
Stoves, but for the dreffing of their Meat, which was as well boyl’d by means of
this Water, as if it had been over a real Fire, and that the Walls of the Monaftery
were made of a kind of Pumice-ftone, upon which if Water were pour’d, it would
produce a flimy Matter, commonly us’d in ftead of Lime for Mortar, like the Stone
of Mount Hecla in I/eland ; that two of thefe Pygmies, a Male and a Female,-were
kept by the Abbot, and were both endu’d with perfect humane Shape, and over-
grown with Hair, even to the outermoft Joynts of their Fingers, the Male efpe-
cially, who had a Beard reaching down to his Knees, but that they {eem’d wholly
devoid of Reafon and Underftanding, norhad any diftin& ufe of Speech, onely
made a femblance of Hifling of the manner of Geefe ; laftly, he reported the dura-
tion of the Lives of thefe Creatures to be anfwerable to the fhortnefs of their Sta-
ture ; but that concerning their Wars with the Cranes, he had no other knowledge
than by Tradition.
- The Defcription of Groenland left by Mr. James Hall, renders it ahigh, moun- eee Oe
tainous, and craggy Region, fufficiently water’d with Rivers, and provided with Defiption,
good Harbors, ofaSoil not unfertile in all places where he came, having between
the Mountains fruitful Valleys and pleafant Plains, abounding with feveral forts
of Fowl, as Partridges, Pheafants, Seaemews, Gulls, Crows, ec, but of Beatts,
chiefly black Foxes, and (as was conjeétur’d by the plenty of Harts-horns found
about their Tents) Rein-Deer, yet not deftitute of other Beafts, the Ve/tigium of
one whereof was found to be not lefs than eight Inches over. :
As for the Manners and Cuftoms of the Natives, they are by the faid Defcri-
ption reprefented to be a kind of Samoid, or wandring People, fti!l moving from
place to place, warlike and aétive, ufing Slings and Darts with marvellous dexte-
rity, of a brown Complexion for the moft part, and of an indifferent Stature, eat-
ing their Meat either quite raw, or onely a little parboyl’d, Clothing themfelves
with the Skins of fuch Beafts, or other Creatures, as they kill, efpecially Seals, or
{ome of the largeft fize of Fowls, which they Drefs very {mooth and foft, turning
the Feather or Hair fide outwardsin Summer, and inward in Winter. Their Wea-
pons Bowes,Slings,and Bone or Iron-headed Darts ; their Religion Idolatrous,bue
chiefly Sun-Worfhip,as was gather’d from their manner of Accoft,when any of the
Englifh fir approach’d them, for they us’d to point up tothe Sun, as chief Author
of their felicity, and then beat their Breafts, crying, Iliont, which feem’d to fignifie
as much as I mean no harm, and would not come near till thofe that met them did
the like. Their Houfes built of Whales Bones, and the Baulks thereof with Whales
Ribs, and cover’d with Earth, but the beft fort with SealsSkins, having Vaults or
re erd Rooms
 T&S

Ҥ
666 AMERICA. Chap. V.
Rooms tinder Ground, four-fquare, and two Yards deep in the Earth. Their
manner ofBurial, a Pile of Stones thrown over the Corps, being firft wrapt up in
Seal.Skins.
ay of Sa | Spilbergia, fo call’d by the Hollanders, from Spilbergen, whom probably they rec-
astot kon to have been the firft Difcoverer of it, is the fame that we vulgarly call Green-
land, and which Sir Hugh Willoughby (if not the firft of all, yer at leaft the firft of the
Englifh that difcover’d any thing of thefe Parts) nam’d King fames’s New-Land. The
faid Sic Hugh Willoughby fet forth Anno 1553. in the Bona Efperanza, accompany’d
with cwo Ships more, viz, the Bonaventure, Richard Challoner Captain, and the Bona
Confidentia, and after fome time of Coafting up and down thofe Northern Seas, he
Landed with his Company upon the Place, where ftaying a few days, he fent three
Men three days Journey into the Countrey South-Weft, and three more as far full
Weft, who all, after much hardfhip in their Travelling, return’d without having
‘met any People by the Way, or feen the leaft appearance of any Habitation, Sail-
ing hence back for Lapland, they were all frozen to death in the Haven Arzina.
Delcrion 44 Defcription of Greenland by one Mr. Robert Fotherby, reprefents the Nature of
ofGrenlsnd: this Place contradigtory to its Name, as before was obferv'd of Groenland: * For
“certainly (faith he) no part of the World, yet known and difcover’d, is lefs Green
‘* than this, both the Mountains and Lowelands being cover'd with Snow till the
‘‘ beginning of June. The Countrey, which is for the moft part mountainous,
‘‘ bearing neither Grafs nor Tree, fave onely Heath or Ling, as it is call’d in the
“¢ North parts of England, which grows upon the Moors or Heathy Grounds when
*‘ the Snow begins to melt,and.on which in Summer the Deer feed themfelves fat in
‘¢ one Moneth ; but how they livein the Winter, is a thing beyond any Man’s skill
“to comprehend, efpecially during the Sun’s abfence under the Horizon, which
“* in the Latitude of feventy feven Degrees continues from the eighteenth of Oétober
“¢ tothe fourth ofFebruary.
This Countrey is by many fuppos‘d never to have been inhabited by Men, yet
not altogether uncapable of affording Habitation to fuch as would bring with
them fufficient defenfive Weapons againft Hunger and Cold : For other Animals,it
is found, by the teftimony of thofe that have been upon the Place, not to be defti-
tute; for befides Deer before mention’d, there have been feen Bears and Foxes :
and of wild Fowl, Cuthbert Ducks, Willocks, Stints, Sea-Pigeons, Sea-Parrots,
Gulls, Noddies, ec.
The Southermoft part of Greenland, call’d Point Look-out, ftands in feventy fix
Degrees and thirty Minutes. The Weft fide of the Land was difcover’d by the
firft Voyagers Northward as far as eighty Degrees and odd Minutes, and in that
_compaf{s fix or eight good Harbors for the Whale-fifhing ; the Eaft fide as far as
feventy eight Degrees, with divers Iflands, both great and {mall, yielding good -
Harbors, and ftore of Whales and Sea»Horfes.
tyne tet Inthe Year 1610. Jonas Pool, Mafter of the Amity fell in with this Land in May,
Granloud, and continu’d upon the Coaft, difcovering of Harbors, and Killing of Mor/es, till
_ June following: and he is faid to have been the firft that gave this Countrey the
Name of Greenland. The next year he fet out again, accompanyd with ‘Thomas
Edge, Commander of the Mary Margaret , And fince many other Voyages have been
made astoa Place known, anda great Trade driven in catching of Whales, not*
without feveral Contefts with the Dutch and Danes, but nothing of late difcover’d
confiderable more than in the firft Voyages. The Harbors, Sounds and Coaftings
moft taken notice of, are Fair Foreland, Cape (old,Black+Point,Horn-Sound, Knotty-Poine,
Bell-Sound, Lowne/’, (rof’-Road, Deer>Sound, Fowl-Sound, Clofe-Cove, Gurnet-Nofe, Ice-
Sound, and Green-Haven. There
 Chap. V. UA MERIC 2A. ) 667
There are few that have Sail’d to Greenland, but make great mention of (herry Cherry-Iland.
Ifland, fo call’d, as having been firft difcover'd at the Charges of Sir Francis Cherry,
_an eminent Merchant ; by others Bear-Ifland, from the multitude of Bears found
there; it lies in the Latitude of feventy four Degrees, and is noted for ftore of
Fowl, Foxes like Dogs, and upon the Coafts great ftore of Whales, Sea-Horfes, and
Morfes: Itisalfo {aid to be furnifh’d with Lead-Mines, and-Pits of Sea-~Coal.
Heland, {o call’d from the continual Ice which is upon it, isa craggy mountain- Sivionand
ous Countrey ; and not onely the Hills, but a great part of the Low-land cover’d ry of Ieland,
with perpetual Snow : It is of a Form fomewhat oblong, lying between the fifty
fourth and fifty ninth Degree of Northern Latitude, having Norway on the Eaft,the
Orcades and Scotland on the South,Grenland on the Weft,and the Hyperborean,or frozen
Seaon the North. Itis by Olaws Magnus {uppos’d to be twice as big as Sicily, that is
to fay,about a hundred Leagues inlength. It isthe moft known,and moft throngly
difcover’d of all the Countreys of the Artick Region, and is faid tohave been firft
found out and peopled in the Year of our Lord goo. by certain of the Nobility of
Eaft-Frifia in the Countrey of Breme, in the time of Alebrand, Bifhop of that Coun-
trey ; but whether or no utterly unpeopled till that time, isa Queftion not eafie to
be determin’d, though in all probability fo obvious a Place to befound out, could
not lie {o long totally uninhabited. Not long after feveral Colonies of Norwegians
Setled themfelves, fome in Aitland, fome in Ferow, others (following the Example
of thefe Bremers) in Ifeland. The Countrey is full of Rocks and Stones, and (as is
credibly reported) nota cultivated Field or Garden in the whole Ifland, and by
confequence no fort of Corn, yet the People living without either Bread or Salt,
are very ftrong, and of a good Complexion: Neither is therea Tree to be feen,
except the Birch, ‘which likewife grows but in one place, and exceeds not the
heighth of a'’Man, by reafon of the violence of the Winds ; yet there is faid to be
great plenty of Butter, the Grafs being fo fat, chat the Oxen are not fuffer’d to flay
long at.a time in the Paftures for fear of burfting. Till of late there was neither
Town, nor any thing that could be call’d a Village, in the whole Ifland, but
ftragling Cottages here-and there, not above three or four together in a place, moft
by the Sea fide for the convenience of Fifhing ; they were built pretty deep in the
Ground, but artificially fram’d of Whales Bones, with Seats, Benches, and other
Utenfils of the fame; now fometimes they ufe Fir to the fame purpofe, which is
caft upon the Coaft by the force of the Sea from Tartary or elfewhere. For want of
Veflels, they lay their Butter in Heaps in the Corners of their Houfes like Mors
tar. In the Winter,wanting Fodder, they feed their Cattel with Fifh. Befides thele
Cattel, which are-Kine without Horns,'Horfes onely fic for carrying of Burthens,
and very ‘large Sheep, there are ftore of white Foxes, and huge Bears of the fame
colour, and: fort of rough Dogs, very well known, and frequent amongft us by
the Nameof Shocks, which the Iflanders efteem not alittle, and will part with their
Children at afar eafier rate: They keep neither Hogs nor Poultrey, for want of
“Grain to feed them.
The Rivers belonging to this Mland are many, and thofe not unpleafant, afford- irhives
ing to the Inhabitants plenty of Fith, efpecially Sturgeon, Trouts, and Salmons ;
and one is efpecially remarkable for a Bridge made over it, which being the onely
_ Bridge of the Countrey, is made ofthe great Bones ofa Whale. The whole Ifland
"*is-one continu’d Defart, without any trodden'Path or Road from one end to the
other ; fo that all that have occafion to travel to any part thereof by Land, make
ufe of the Compals, as if they were Voyaging by Sea. ARE:
ore Cuan
The Coaft of Ifeland hath many ftrange and monftrous Fifth worth obfervation,a¢ of Leland,
 | Z
AMERICA. -" Chap. Vi
as firft the Orca, which though nothing near fo big asthe Whale, yet is able to be
the death of it ; for being of the fhape ofa Shipturn’d upfide-down, and having
fharp long Fins on its Back, it pricks the Belly of the Whale therewith till it kills, ¢
The next is the Hackfall, which is very fat, and about twelve Inches long, |
Then the Dog-Fifh, which lifting up its Head out of the Sea, Barks, and letting
forth its young ones, receives them into her Belly again, when they have {ported a
while in the Sea. : |
Laftly, another Monfter, of a moft frightful fhape, mention’d by Olaus Magnus,
but not by any particular Name. | teal
SrangeFou In divers parts of the Ifland are Fountains of f{calding Water, which as foon as
"taken from the Fountain begins to cool, and when cold, hatha fulphury Subftance
{wimming on the top.
Atthe Weft end isa fmoaky Fountain, very cold, and turning all that is caft
into it into Stone. | ! 3axvosl
Atthe placeupon the Sea call’d Turlocks Haven, are two Fountains of different
quality, the one hot, the other cold, which by Pipes being brought together into
one place, make a Bath of an excellent temperature, and of a- medicinal Vertue.
Not far from Haven Halneford is a Cliff in a Rock of an unknown depth, and no
_ Water to be difcern’d by thofe'that look down into it, but if aStone be'caft in, it
fhall make a noife for half an hour together, as if it were ftriking againft.a Brazen
Veflel, andall this while the Water will be rifing till it comes up’ tothe brim, ‘and
then will be fo long finking again as the Stone was falling. 7
oN gah There are alfo three Mountains in J/eland not to be left unmention’d, the Moun-
tain.of the Croff, the Moutain Snenelftockel, and the Mountain Hiecla ; the two firft
are chiefly-confiderable for their wonderful heighth, and for the dreadful noife of
Thunder:which is heard. on the top of them, when in the adjacent parts below, the
Air is‘calm and clear; the third lying in the North of the Ifland, and not vety high, ©
is one of the moft prodigious Vulcans in the World, for the cafting forth of Flames,
black Afhes, and Pumice-Stones, infomuch that there is no poffibility of Habitas
tion within fix Miles of itround about ; and it is a receiv’d Opinion of the Inha-
bitants, that it is the place of Torment for the Souls of the Damned ; from whence.
there hath rifen fuch a company of ftrange Stories and Fables, that it would make
up a Volume of it felfto relate them. The occafion of the great Eruption of this
Mountain is not without much reafon imputed to the inflammation of the Sul-
phur, of which there are feveral Mines or Pits in the Countrey, though none of
any fort of Metal.
Firt planting Waldemarws, King of Denmark and Norway, being confequently Mafter of this
i soetea athongft the other Norwegian Colonies, Planted the Chri/tian Religion. in. this
Ifland in the Year of Chrift 1398. and Ordain’d two Bifhops, one in Schalholden, in-
the Eaft part, another in Hollen, in the Weft ; and after the Reformation was begun,
Chriftianus, King of Denmark, took care to propagate the Reformed Doéfrine there, as
well asin other parts of his Dominions; and to thatend fentovera PRINTER
thither, thatthe BIB LE, together with the Works of Philip Melanéthon and Urba-
nS Regius, might be publifh’d in the Vulgar Tongue of the Countrey.. But thefe
Proceedings were mainly oppos’d by the Bifhop of Schalholden,; who animating the
People to Rebellion, they flewthe King’s Liéutenant: Wherenpon the next Year
‘ Paul Holfelt,a Knight of the Danifh Order, being fent over with an Army, overe
‘threw the Rebels, and taking off che chief Heads of the Rebellion, committed the
Charge of the Government to another Nobleman of Denmark, whom he left upon
the Place. But one Yadde Bonde, a great Man of the Countrey, meditating a Revolt,
drew
 Chap. V.- * ef MER ICH : 669
drew divers Perfons of principal note into Confpiracy with him, and was advan
-
cing to a formidable Power, had not the Bifhop given contin
ual Intelligence of
their Proceedings to the King’s Lieutenant, who thereupon employ’d Agent
s to
the chief Accomplices of the Faétion, and what with fair Means
and threatnings
fo wrought with them, that they return’d to their Obedience, and
forfook Todde,
infomuch that he fying with a {mall Party, betook himfelf to a faftnefs
at the
Foot of Hieckelyeld, where being hemm’d in, thofe about him were flain,
and he
himfelf taken Prifoner ; and-becaufe no Man to whole fafe cuftody he
was offer’d
durft receive him, fo much dreaded was his Power, one Jonas, a bold
courageous
Fellow, flew him with his own Hand, and thereby put an end to
all farther Tu:
mults and Seditions. |
So much have the People of this Ifland been ever addiged to Soréerie
and Su- Sp i
perftition, that notwithftanding the Profeffion of Chriftianity, and the frequ
ent dita coSor
Preaching againft thofe Sins, efpecially fince the Reformation ,
the generality of pertition
them are ftill wedded to many of thofe old diabolical Cuftoms,
which were pta-
ctis’d there in time of Paganifm ; and amongft other thingsthey are {aid
to be ferv’d,
many of them, by Spirits, which conftantly attend them, and (as Olaus Magnu
s
writes of the Finlanders, they are oftentimes dealt with by Strangers, to fell them
prof{perous Winds for Money, and (doubtlefs by the help of the Devil)
perform
the fame; as alfo onthe contrary, they arefaid by their Enchantments to
ftop the
— Courfe of a Ship, and make it as it were immovable, though in
the Stream of ne-
ver fo ptofperous a Gale. They are a proud, haughty People, and for the
moft
part endu’d with vaft ftrength of Body ; their Habit fo promifcuous, that neithe
r
Sex can be diftinguifh’d by it. They are not onely forward to profti
tute their
Daughters to thofe Germans that Trade with them at Hafnefords, but that Virgin
who hath had to do with a German, fhall be fure to be {6 much the more efteem
’d
and Courted. : |
The onely Towns and Buildings of note here, and thofe creéted but of late Aiges, Doma
act
are 1. Hafnefords, a Haven Town, chiefly frequented by Dutch Merchants for
Traffick with the Natives.
2. Bedftede, the Refidence of the Lotd Lieutenant or Governor for the King of
_ Denmark. . |
3- The Bifhops See of Halfar, having four Monafteties belonging to it, viz.
Ping ore; Remeftede, Modor, and Monkeniere.
4. The Bifhops See of Schalbolt, to which alfo doth belong four Monafteries, viz.
Vedey, Péernebar, Kirkebar, and Schirde.
» The Nobles of I/eland are call’d Bonden ; their Jufticiaries or Judges, being twelve Their Plat
in number, Lochmaders, that is, Men of Law or Juftice, who are faid to meet once cfJudicaur
e
4 year on the twenty ninth of June,to adminifter Juftice in 2 place ordain’d for that
purpofe in the midft of the Ifland, appearing like fome feigned Paradice, fo pleas
fant a place it is reprefented to be at that time ofthe year, being (as the Tradition
goes) from a high burning Mountain like Hecla, confum’d to a Plain, and fo envi-
ron’d with Rocks, that there was left: but a fmall Paflage
for one at a time to enter.
- Here the Governor having firft given the Charge, leaves the Trial of all Matters
to the Lochmaders, who having diligently heard every Caufe argued on both fides,
withdraw for a while to Confult together, and then proceed to Sentence, the fame
Perfons being both Jury and Judge ; but if any Cafe of difficulty or {cruple arife,
they confult the Governor. |
Angrimus Jonas’s Relation of Ifeland differing much from what hath been deliver’d ea do
by Blefkens, is not to be omitted. »He faich it was firkt difcover’d by one Naddocus, a o of Held,
$1.7 * Ppp Pyrate,
 670 AMERICA ~*~ Chap. Vz
Pyrate, who goingtowards the Farenfian Iflands, was caft by Tempeft upon the
Shore of Eaft-leland, near the Mountain Reidarfial ;and as he departed from the
Coaft,. perceiving the tops of the higheft Mountains cover’d with avery deep
Snow, call’d the Ifland Snelandia, that is, Snowy Countrey.
Gardarw’s Upon the fame of Naddocus’s Difcovery, one Gardarus, the Son of Suavarws, 4
ioe. Swede, was defirous to make a Voyage thither, and arriving near the Eaftern Shore,
- Winter’d in the Bay of Skialfanda,or North-I/land, in the Year of our Lord 864. ad
call’d the Haven Hlu/cawick, from the Houfes or Wintering-places built there, as the
next Haven to it was call’d Nartarawick, from Natrare, an eminent Mariner in this
Expedition. Gardarws returning home about the beginning of ene Spring, call’d
the Countrey from his own Name Gardarfholm.
Fuce's Voy; Thenext that follow’d his Example, was one Flocco, a famous Pyrate, whofe
fae Pace. Daughter Geirbilda being drown’d upon the Coaft of Schetland (anciently Hietland;)
gave the Name of Geirbildarwata to the Sea thereabouts :Not having the ufe of the
Mariners Compafs, he made ufe of Ravens for the fteering of his Courfe, and ha-
ving fence forth two without fuccefs, by the guidance of thé third he hadfight of
the Eaftern fide of the Ifland;and Steering Southward, he found a very wide Bay,
between the Promontories Resikanes and Snefe/ne/s ;which Bay, from Faxa a Scot-
tifh Mariner that accompany’d him, he nam’d Faxaos, that is, The Mouth of Faxa,
though from its many Havens it came afterwards to be term’d Hofnafiordur.
Sailing along the Weft: fide of the Ifland, he entred the Bay Bredafiord, and
took uphis Quarters at Watnesfiordur, 2 Haven in the Province Bardoftraund (for by
thefe Names thefe Places came afterwards to be known: )‘ Having ftay’d here two
Winters, he return’d back into Norway, and is faid to have been the firft that gave
this Countrey the Name of J/eland, from the great quantities of Ice which fill'd
the Seasthereabouts, he alfo gave it the Name of Rafnaflock, from the Ravens
which ferv’d.him in ftead of a Compafs.
pa The laft and moft confiderable Adventurer was Ingulfius, the Son of Orn, Duke
aySS of Fyrdafilace in Norway, who, together with his Coufin Hiorleifus, that Marry’d his
Sifter Helca, being adjudg’d to Banifhment by Hal/ten (to the Award of whofe
Judgment they had fubmitted themfelves) upon the flaughter of his two Brethren,
Holm/ften and Herften, (thefe three Brethren were the Sons of Atlas, one of the prime
N oblemen of Norway) in a Quarrel, wherein Halften was chofen Umpire ; andal-
fo detefting the Tyranny of Haraldus Pulchricomus, King of Norway, went over Gon-
faloniere, or chief Leader of a great Colony of People, whom he rais’d for the fetling
of a Plantation in fome foreign Countrey : Accompany’d with his Coufin Hior-
leifus, he took Shipping for J/eland in the Year of our Lord 854. having been over
to vific it about four years before ;he Landed at a Promontory on the South
Shore, which from him took the Name of 'Ingulfholde, and at Reicharwick {etled his
Habitarion, while Hiorleifus feated himfelf at the Promontory by him call’d Hore
leifholda, where he built two very large Houfes, each being about a hundred and
thirty Foot long; then he fet himfelf to Manure and Till the Ground, employing
in that Work ten Slaves, whom he brought with him forthat pukpote out of Nor-
way; but it was not long ere they traiteroufly fet upon him and flew him by an
Ambufeade which they had laid for him ; after which they betook themfelves to
certain lictle Ifles, which were nam’d Weftmafyar, where before they had well neft-
led themfelves, the whole Race of them were rooted out by Ingulpbus, in revenge
of his Kinfman’s Death. After this the Ifland grew daily moreand more populous
by the coming over of new Families from Norway ;; fo that at this day,itisa Place ©

The
 q. ;

“Chap..Ve + AMER IGA. os

>, The ancient Inhabitants of this Place (for it is to be filppos’d that there were
People here before the coming over of Ingulfus) were call’d Pape Pappe, and the /
Eaft fide of the Ifland, Papey, which agrees very well with the Names of two little ;
Iflands on the Coaft ofScotland, Pappa and Weftrepappa, from which many conjecture ls
as.alfo from feyeral Croffes and Bells found upon the Place, that there hath heen
in former Ages a refort of the Irifh, and of the People of the NorthsWeit parts of Pu
Scotland, — :
The Eaftern Bound of Jfeland is call’d Aufturhorn; the Weftern, Randefandur + re pivc
the Northern, Langanes ; and the Southern, Reicranes. The Ifland being divided om ef land,
cording to the four Quarters of the World, -North-I/land is. fever’d from Eaft-Ifland
by the aforefaid Promontory of Langanes ; from Weft-Ifland by Rutafiordur Bay ;
from South-Ifland, by vaftand unpaflable Defarts. Between South-Ifland and Eaf-
Ifland runneth the River Jocol/u, through the Defarts of Solfeimafande. Between
— South-Ifland and We/t-I/land a famous River nam’d Albis, which emptieth it felf into
the Bay of Bargarfiord. |
_ *Tis a vulgar Opinion, that this Ifland is the fame which the Ancients call’d seiestand the -

Thule ; but upon confideration it will appear, that by the Ultima Thule taken notice anes”
of by Virgil, Claudian, Statius, Pythias Mafsilienfis, Pliny, Seneca, Solinus, Tacitus, and
others, is meant one of the Britifh Iles, amongft which were comprehended —EE
a
—
=—
wie
———:
—s
—
—
- -

the Ifles on the North of Scotlgnd, as the Orcades, and {ome others, the utmoft of en" _+

which wecall Schetland,and is very probable to be this Ultima Thule of the Ancients.
Nova Zembla, lying under feyenty fix Degrees of Northern Latitude, and a hun- woos zem-
dred and twelve Degrees and twenty fiye Minutes of Longitude, and being rece ersRett |
=>
—
ee

kon’d above two hundred Miles in length, was, together with the River Prora, eae
and Straights of Weygats, di{cover’d, (and,as it is thought, firft of all) by Stephen Burs
;
rough, who was fent out by the Mu/covia Company in the Year 1556, to find outa
Way to Cathay by the North-Eaft. |
Afterwards one Oliver Bunel, a Dutch-man, mov’d with the hope of Gain, went
from Enkhuiffento Pecora; where (having firft difcover’d (oftinfarca in Nova Zembla)
he loft all by Shipwrack. 7)
The States-General nothing difcourag’d with the little fuccefs of thefe two Voyas i!
gers, fent forth two Ships under the Command of Hugo Linfchot, to the Straights of r
_Weygats,and two others under William Barrents, who were to go dire&tly Northwards
for Nova Zembla : Linfchot. went fifty Miles beyond the Straights, but the Nor-
~ therly Winds and late Seafon ofthe year forc’d him to haften back with all poffible
{peed. - William Barents and his Company were neceflitated inthe Year 1596. being
not able to get off, in regard the Ice increas’d upon them more and-more, to take
up their Winter Quarters there in a Cottage, which they made a fhift to caft up
for their prefent neceflity, having much ado to defend themfelves againft the Bears,
that continually aflaulted them. |
This Countrey is generally deliver’d to be a barren and defart Countrey, full D Sigel
of Wood indeed, but the Boughsas bare of Leaves, as the Ground of Grafs ; alfo sev —
very incommodious to be travell’d through, by reafon of ies defartnefs, and the
danger ofBears, great fierce Foxes, and fuch like ravenous Beafts, which féed onely
pon Flefh, and which are the onely Beafts this Countrey harbors. :
Ina fournal of Mts Henry Hudfon, there isto be found a much more favorable
Defcription of the Countrey : ‘‘ Generally (faith he) the Land of Nova Zembla
‘chat we have feen, isto a Man’s Eye a pleafant Land, much Main High-land
‘¢ with no Snow on it, looking in fome places green, and Deer feeding thereon,
“and the Hills partly cover’d with Snow, and partly bare. |
Ppp z It
 AMERICA. i Chap
Ic fhould feem to*have been a receiv’d Opinion from the firk Difcovery of
Nova Zembla, that it was inhabited by Pygmies, it being feveral times,in the Fournals
of fome Voyages, mention’d particularly by the Name of The Land of Pygmies, but
upon what certain Ground cannot in the leaft be difcover’d, for we find not from
the Ru/sians (to whom the Place, by reafon of its Vicinity, is probable to have been
fitft known) any other Account of the Inhabitants, but that they are a People
wholly deftitute of civil Manners, and unlimited by Law or Religion, faving that
they feemto give fome kind of Adoration to the Sun, Moon, and North-ftar, and’
have fome Qualities which {peak them rational Creatutes ;whereas the. Pygmies
(if there be any fuch Creatures) are thought to have nothing of Humane but their
Shape onely. , ,
W lloreghby- Befides Nova Zembla there is not far from it another Ifland, known by the Name
of Willoughby-Ifland, from Sir ugh Willoughby, the firft Difcoverer ; they both are of
Tland,

the Dominions of the (xar of Ru/Sia.

Several Attempts for the difcovery of the North-Weft Paflage.

VV i hath been difcover’d of Sea in the North or South parts of the World, is
ofno lefs Confequence than what hath been difcover’d of Land, and the
Straight of Hudfon Northward, is no lefs confiderable than the Straight of Magellan
South ; we fhall therefore compleat this Difcourfe of the Artick Region with a
brief Mention of what Capes, Bays, Sounds, ec. have been found. out by thofe that
have attempted to find a Paflage by the North»Weft to the Ea/t-Indies. |
Not to infift upon the fabulous Stories of King Arthur's firft conquering Ireland,
and then Sailing into the Northern Seas, and {ubduing Scantia, Ifeland, Groenland,
and (as the Story faith) many other Iflands beyond Norway even under the Pole, ot
of Malgo’s fubduing Ireland, Ifeland, the Orcades and Norway, ot O¢ther’s Reports to
King Alfred of his Voyages to the North-Eaft parts beyond Norway, or the Voya-
ges of the two famous Venetian Brethren, Nicolo and Antonio Zeni, or of Marcus Pan-
lus Venetus, Odoricus and Vertomannus ; the firft Englifheman we hear of, that made an
Expedition into thofe Northern Seas, was Sir Hugh Willoughby, before taken noti¢e
of for the Difcovery of King James’s Newland and Willoughby-Ifland, inthe Year of
our Lord 1553. |
Stephen Burroughs (as hath been intimated) difcover’d amongft other Places,
about the Year 1556. the Straight of Vaigats. |
In the Year 1576. Sir Martin Forbifher fetting forth with two Barques, after
he had been out about five Weeks, had fight of aHigh-land, which he nam’d
Queen Elica Queen Blixabeths Foreland : Thence Sailing more Northerly to the heighth of about
beths Forelan
fixty two Degrees, hedefcry’d a great Sea or Inlet, which he entred, and thence it
Forbifker’s took the Appellation of Forbifher’s Straight. About two years after proceeding toa
Straight,
farther difcovery of it, he entred a good way into it, and took pofleffion of the
utmoft Place he went to for Queen Elizabeth, who thereupon gave it the Name of
,
Meta Incognita. |
_ Aino 1580. Arthur Pett and Charles Fackman were fent out by the Ru/sian Company, -
to make a Difcovery of the River 05, and pafling the Straight of Waigats, took pate |
ticular obfervation of the Iflands and Places there, but not being able to pafs much
farther, by reafon of the Ice, towards the latter end of the year they return’d.
In profecution of this Difcovery to the North-Weft, Captain John Davis of San-
druge in Devonfhire, madethree Voyages ; his firft Anno 1585. his fecond, 1587. in
which he met with many ftrange Adventures ;but the main thing that accru’d
| from
 : a
Chap. V. » AMER ICA 673
from thefe Voyages, was the finding of a mighty Through-lec between valt and
defart Iflands, to which his Name gave the Appellation of Fretum Davis, or Davis's sntole
Straight.
The next that went upon this Defign was Captain George Weymunth, who from
the Year 1585 to 1602 made feveral Expeditions, which produc’d large Relations
of ftrange Accidents that befell them, but litcle of Difcovery farther than what had
been made before.
Mr. Fames Hall, very noted for his Voyages to Groenland, (which before was by
Captain Davis call’d Defolation) at his falling in with that Place nam’d a Head-land
Chita
from the then King of Denmark, Cape Chriftianus, which fome think to be no other Cape
than Cape Farewel.
Anno 1606. Mr. fobn Knight was fet out by the King of Denmark, of the Paflages
of whofe Voyage little or nothing memorable is recorded.
The next and moft famous Attempter in the difcovery of the North-Waft Paffage,
was Henry Hudfon, who is {aid to have difcover’d farther Northward to the Pole
than any before him. From the Year 1607 to 1610 he made feveral Voyages, be-
ing fet out by Sir Thomas Smith, Sit Dudley Diggs, and Mr. John Woftenbolm, with -
others that were his great Friends, and Advancers of fuch publick Defigns. In his
laft Voyage the Ifles of Gods Mercy, Prince Flenry’s Foreland, King Fames’s Cape,
Queen Annes Cape, Diggs’s Ifland, Cape Wojtenbolm, The King’s Foreland, Mount Charles,
Cape Salisbury, &c. were firft taken notice of and nam’d, and,which were his princi-
pal Difcoveries, and therefore worthily retaining his Name, Hadfon’s Straight and tudjen's
Wil- Bay.
Bay ; but in his return homeward he was fet upon in his Cabbin by one Green,
fon, and others of their Confpiracy, and together with hisSon John Hludfon, Tho.
a
Widdows. Arn. Ludlow, Sidrach Faner, and two or three more, was put over into
all likeli-
{mall Shallop, in which they were forc’d to feek their Fortune, and in
going on
hood perifh’d, for they were never heard of after. Wot long after Green
Salvages into the
Shore upon a ftrange Ifland, was fhot from an Ambulcade of
dy’d of their
Heart; the like End had Wilfon, and three more of the Confpirators
and weak Condi-
mortal Wounds, the reft with much ado got home in a very fick
tion, through the Hardfhips they had fuftain’d, and want ofProvifions.
of eighty
There was alfo another Hudfon, who Anno 1608. went to the heighth
nue to this day, as
one Degrees, and gave Names to certain Places, which conti
Whale-Bay, Hackluit’s Headland, and Hudfon’s Touches.
Perfons above men-
By the Affiftance of Prince Henry, and thofe other Noble
is faid to have pafs’d
tion’d, Captain Thomas Button fet out inthe Year 1612. and
to have Sail’d two hundred
Hudfon’s Straight, and leaving Hudfon’s Bay to the South,
oms deep, which at length
Leagues South-Weftward over a Sea above eighty Fath
n's Bay: He is faid allo to Batons ae,
he difcover’d to be another great Bay, fince call’d Butto
New Wales.
have difcover'd a great Continent, which he call’d
Attempt of the North-Wef? Paf-
Several other Voyagers there were in this great
ns, and Captain William Flawkridge,
fage, as Captain Gibbons, Robert Bylot, William Baffi
ze, yet every one found out
who though they all came fhort of the main Enterpri
a farther Paflage than had been
fome new Cape, Bay, or Promontory, of open’d ns saffns By.
Inlet call’d from him Baffi
before, as Bylot made known Cape Comfort ;Baffin, the
farther Paflage into Lwmly’s lalet.
Bayas alfo Six Fames Lancafter's Sound, Hawkridge, a
then a Voyage was undet-
From the Year 1616. to 1631. the Bufineds flepr, and encou-
rn gave very good hopes and
taken by Captain Luke Fox, who at his Retu
was not impoflible to be effected ;
ragement, that the Work, fo long in profecution, wholly laid
m Times it was again
neverthelefs, by reafon of the late troublefo afide
|
 ———-
5 a >
a a
i ——_— . : :
Ss

MER ICA
“
u» ~ - |
: »
4 nd s ' , ry Te:

w
aif
o.
ae
¥ ‘ a
,
|
“Chap
6

7 4.
-
: af

A
afide for almoft forty*years; burt in the
Veat 1668. feveral Perfons of Honor un.
dertook to revive the Work, and cothat
purpole furnifh’d out two Ships; which
forth in June,and rerwsu'd abont fet
the beginning of Oétcber the Year
giving fo fatisfactory an Account oftheir Voyage, following,
that-in the Year 1670..the fame
Adyentuters thought fit to fend our two Ships more, fo
Wintering there, which they did, with
furnith’d) as. to endure a
greater hopes than ever of finding out
North-Weft Paffage, befides a handfom the
Cargo of rich Furrs, which made ic
| than a faving Voyage; fo that ’tis More
fuppos’d this will not be the laft Attempr,
thac another will fuddenly follow. And it may well be obferv’d but
, that nothing
confiderable hath been done, in this grand
Enterprize, but by the Englifh,

A brief View of what Places are poffes'd

at this day inthe W eft-Indies
by the Enelifh, Spaniards, French,
P ortuguefe, and Dutch.

toBello, once the Spaniards.

teh
bef part.of America, wherein
they have
In
Northern America they have.
y. New
adalajara, and Guatinalg. 2.
The Tflands
wardsthe Weft, which are
guen, &¢. alfo St. Augufiine in pofleiion
and St. Matthew in Florida, an
of New Mexico. In Southern Americ d a part
a, Caftilla d’ Oro or Golden Caftile,
Lerva Firma, in which are-the Audien otherwife call’d
ces of Panama, andthe new Real
next Peru, in which are the Audien m of Granada, ~
ces of Quito, Lima, and La Plata ;
Paraguay, which comprehends laftly, Chiliand
the Countreys of Tucuman and.
The French ha¥e in Canada, or No La Plate... .
va Francia, Montreal, the Rivers
and fome Places upon the great Riv Que beck, Ladoyfack Y
er of St. Lawrence ; alfo Accadie,o
Iile of Cape Breton, with the For r.Nova Stotia the
t'S t. Peter, from whence they Tra
with the Salvages of that Coaft ffick to Nepigiquit,
; partof the Ifle of LerresNeuve,
Port-Royal; and other Fortrefle Pemptagoet, St. Jean,
phers; Sts Bartholomew; St. s, Am on g th e (aribbee-Iflands, part of St. Chx
Crux, St. Martin, Guadalupe iffo-
, Defeado, Mari lante,
Sanéhos, Martinico, St. Aloufie and *Fodos tos |
~ Edifpanisla, Upon the Cont Gra nad a ; lik ewi fe fo me Colonies #, the Welt of 3
inent of Southern America,
_ (ayene, where fiands the For on the Coat of Guiana, the Il
t of St. Michael de Ceperoux, no e”
Colonies of Mathouri and Armire w Fort Louis ; alfo the
, Courrou, Coonama and Comaribo.
‘The Portugue époffefs all the |
Coaft of Brajfile in Southern Ame
Capitania’s or 5 Sei thereof, ric a, wit h the fevera]
©) | 2 Th
The Dutch have onely the Ifles of “f
Se. Enfiace and Saba, the Town of
Firma; the Colonies Boron, Efq Coro in Terra
uib, Berebie; Aperwaque, and
Cuiang. » others, on the Coaft of
|
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