Evolution of Populations

Objective: To examine the effects of population size, natural

selection, and mutations on the gene frequencies of the A and B
alleles.
Click on this page:
https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:09e47bce:lx
_simulation:1
General Instructions:
1. Read the independent and dependent variable
2. Explore the simulation model
Format of the report

The format of the report will be as follows:

I. Introduction. Include the following components (25 pts):

1. What is selective advantage?
2. Explain the effects of mutation on (3.A) small population size and (3.B) large population size.
II. Methods. Describe the methods based on procedures on Simulation 1 to 3 (25 pts).
III. Results and Discussion (100 pts).
A. Simulation 1
B. Simulation 2
C. Simulation 3
IV. Conclusion. Write your conclusion based on the results of the simulation. Cite 3-4 journals
to support your conclusion (50 pts).
V. Literature cited.
Simulation 1:
1. Set the selective advantage of AA into 0; mutation rate = 0 and number of generations = 50.
2. Click run
>> Describe the results of the graph in terms of:
A. %A alleles
B. %A and %B alleles
C. %B alleles
D. Population size of AA, BB, and AB genotypes
E. If you increase the number of generations by 4 folds, is there a difference in the (E.1)
ratio between %A and %B alleles and (E.2) Population size of AA, BB, and AB genotypes
F. Interpret the results of A to D. Take into account the following aspects: selective
advantage, absence of mutation, number of generations, and population size
G. Formulate your discussion based on the results.
Simulation 2: click reset before executing
simulation 2.
1. Set the selective advantage of AA into 1; mutation rate = 0.1 and number
of generations = 50.
2. Click run
>> Describe the results of the graph in terms of:
A. %A alleles
B. %A and B alleles
C. %B alleles
D. Population size of AA, BB, and AB genotypes
E. Differentiate the %A alleles; %A and B alleles; %B alleles; and population size
of AA, BB, and AB genotypes if you increase the number of generations to 250
and 500
F. Interpret you results and formulate your discussion based on the results
Simulation 3: click reset before executing
simulation 3.
1. Increase the mutation rate to:
0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 (set the selective advantage AA to 1)
2. Explain the effects of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mutation rates on the (2.A) gene
frequencies of A and B alleles and (2.B) population size of AA, BB, and AB
genotypes.
3. Specifically, explain the effects of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mutation rates on the
(3.A) gene frequencies of A and B alleles and the (3.B) population size of AA, BB, and
AB genotypes if you increase the number of generations.
4. Explain the effects of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mutation rates on the gene frequencies
of the A and B alleles if you increase and decrease the selective advantage of AA.
5. Repeat number 4 but increase the number of generations until the maximum level. Is
there a change in the gene frequencies and population size of AA, BB, and AB genotypes
as you increase the number of generations?
6. Formulate your discussion based on the results.
Conclusion:
1. Write your conclusion based on the results of the simulation. Cite
3- 4 journals to support your conclusion.

Note:
1. Kindly provide screenshots of your simulation.
2. Include literature cited in your report