Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

Country

6
Germany - SIR Ranking of Germany

Subject Area and Environmental Science

Category Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

Neuroscience H Index
Neuroscience (miscellaneous)

Publisher Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Publication type Journals

ISSN 20687729

Coverage 2013-ongoing

Scope Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism is an interdisciplinary

research journal, aimed to publish articles and original research papers that
should contribute to the development of both experimental and theoretical
nature in the field of Environmental Management and Tourism Sciences.
Journal will publish original research and seeks to cover a wide range of
topics regarding environmental management and engineering,
environmental management and health, environmental chemistry,
environmental protection technologies (water, air, soil), pollution reduction
at source and waste minimization, energy and environment, modeling,
simulation and optimization for environmental protection; environmental
biotechnology, environmental education and sustainable development,
environmental strategies and policies, etc. This topic may include the fields
indicated above, but are not limited to these. Authors are encouraged to
submit high quality, original works that discuss the latest developments in
environmental management research and application with the certain scope
to share experiences and research findings and to stimulate more ideas and
useful insights regarding current best-practices and future directions in
Environmental Management.
 Volume VII, Issue 4(16) Winter 2016

ASERS

J ournal of Environmental Management

and Tourism

Quarterly
Volume IX
Issue 5(29)
Fall 2018
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt
 FALL 2018
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
Volume IX
Issue 5(29)

Editor in Chief
Ramona PÎRVU
Table of Contents:
University of Craiova, Romania Cluster Management Technologies as the Tendency for Development of the
Editorial Advisory Board Agricultural Industry
1 Gulim Kabikenovna UKIBAYEVA, Ainura Anatolyevna KOCHERBAYEVA, 895
Omran Abdelnaser Gulnara Rapikovna TEMIRBAEVA, Gaukhar Amanzholovna DAUKENOVA,
University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Dana Sultankhanovna KURMANOVA
Huong Ha Willingness to Pay for Existence Value of Mangrove Ecosystem in Youtefa
University of Newcastle, Singapore, 2 Bay, Jayapura, Indonesia 907
Australia Baigo HAMUNA, Basa T. RUMAHORBO, Henderina J. KEILUHU, ALIANTO
Harjeet Kaur Problems of Allocation of Production Factors in Enterprises Working the Soil:
HELP University College, Malaysia Application of Cobb-Douglas Production Function
3 916
Janusz Grabara Rastislav KOTULIC, Jana PAVELKOVA, Ivana Kravcakova VOZAROVA,
Czestochowa University of Technology, Roman VAVREK
Poland Development of Environmental Health Literature Models in Keeping
Vicky Katsoni 4 Sustainable Peatland Ecosystems 926
Techonological Educational Institute of Dessyka FEBRIA, Gusman VIRGO, Riski Novera YENITA, INDRAWATI
Athens, Greece Detailization of the Facial Conditions for Sedimentation of the 𝐘𝐮𝟐𝟏 Productive
Sebastian Kot Layer with the Purpose of Specificating Features of the Geological Structure
5 932
Czestochowa University of Technology, Vadim M. ALEKSANDROV, Alexander V. MOROZOV, Ivan P. POPOV,
The Institute of Logistics and International Rushania G. LEBEDEVA, Irina A. BULGAKOVA
Management, Poland Perfecting the Cluster Development in the Regional Dairy Products
Nodar Lekishvili Subcomplex of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex
6 947
Tibilisi State University, Georgia E.F. ZAVOROTIN, M.S. YURKOVA, D.V. SERDOBINTSEV, E.A. LIKHOVTSOVA,
L.A. VOLOSHCHUK
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu
Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Man and the Arctic Environment: Parameters of Reciprocal Influence
Romania 7 955
Marina L. BELONOZHKO, Oleg M. BARBAKOV, Lyudmila K. GABISHEVA
Piotr Misztal
Measuring Dairy Farm Efficiency in the Republic of Kazakhstan
The Jan Kochanowski University in
Kielce, Faculty of Management and 8 Aida BALKIBAYEVA, Zein AIDYNOV, Ayagoz ORAZBAYEVA, Yuliya SHEIKO, 967
Administration, Poland Dina AIKUPESHEVA
Agnieszka Mrozik
Formation of Resource Potential of Agrarian Enterprises on the Principles of
Faculty of Biology and Environmental Ecological and Economic Security
9 979
protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Lyudmyla KHROMUSHYNA, Iryna KONIEVA, Yuriy SKRYPNYK,
Poland Iryna SHALYHINA
Chuen-Chee Pek Diversity of Mangrove Plant for Support Ecotourism Activities in Nature
Nottingham University Business School, 10 Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali 987
Malaysia I Ketut GINANTRA, Ida Bagus Made SUASKARA, Martin JONI
Roberta De Santis Aspects of Civil Rights and Their Integration into International Social and
LUISS University, Italy 11 Environmental Legislation 995
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo Anatoliy V. KOSTRUBA
University of Foggia, Italy
Geological Perspective for Geotourism Development in Uthai Thani Province,
Dan Selişteanu Thailand 1003
University of Craiova, Romania 12
Vimoltip SINGTUEN, Krit WON-IN
Laura Ungureanu
Spiru Haret University, Romania
 FALL 2018
Volume IX
Issue 5(29)
Formation of the Mechanism of Corporate Social and Environmental
1011
Editor in Chief 13 Responsibility of the Trading Company
Ramona PÎRVU Yulija CHORTOK, Alona YEVDOKYMOVA, Yuliya SERPENINOVA
University of Craiova, Romania The Green Economy in Market-Oriented Countries: The Case of Kazakhstan
Kuralay Orazgalievna NURGALIYEVA, Ainur Uyizbaevna AMIROVA, 1019
Editorial Advisory Board 14
Akbayan Serikovna NURTAZINOVA
Omran Abdelnaser International Regulation of Environmental Auditing in the Countries of the
University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia European Union
Huong Ha Aizhan E. ZHATKANBAYEVA, Nazgul S. TUYAKBAYEVA, 1030
University of Newcastle, Singapore, 15
Araylym K. JANGABULOVA, Sailaubek T. ALIBEKOV,
Australia Elena V. KASATKINA, Elena A. MASLIHOVA
Harjeet Kaur
Green Constitution: Strengthening Environment Principle in the Act of 1945
HELP University College, Malaysia 1044
16 Netty S.R. NAIBORHU
Janusz Grabara
Czestochowa University of Technology, The Formation of the Efficient System of Ecological Enterprise
Poland Ilona YASNOLOB, Oleg GORB, Nadiia OPARA, Serhii SHEJKO, 1052
17
Vicky Katsoni Svitlana PYSARENKO, Olena MYKHAІLOVA, Tetyana MOKIIENKO
Techonological Educational Institute of Spending Behavior of Thai Tourists in Dan Sai District, Loei province,
Athens, Greece Thailand: Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation Analysis 1062
18
Sebastian Kot Sakkarin NONTHAPOT, Thanet WATTANAKUL, Kitiya WANGKEEREE
Czestochowa University of Technology,
The Institute of Logistics and International
The Role of Internet in Successful Marketing in Tourism Organizations
1071
Management, Poland 19 Fatos UKAJ
Nodar Lekishvili Analysis of Community Based Tourism Development to Increase SME
Tibilisi State University, Georgia Performance and Welfare Level. Case Study in West Sumatra 1077
20
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu Edy SUPRIYADI, Haryani Hatta IHA, Achmad DJAMIL, Putra DHARMA
Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Environmental Responsibility of Enterprise in Tourism and Hotel Business in
Romania Russia 1085
21
Piotr Misztal Mikhail А. MOROZOV, Natalia S.MOROZOVA
The Jan Kochanowski University in Methods of Sustainable Regulation of Agricultural Enterprises at the Present
Kielce, Faculty of Management and Stage
1091
Administration, Poland 22 Baglan AIMURZINA, Mazken KAMENOVA, Ainura OMAROVA,
Agnieszka Mrozik Ainakanova BAKYTGUL, Kazkenova AIGUL, Shaikenova NURGUL
Faculty of Biology and Environmental Innovation Policy Developmet Conceptual Framework for National Resource
protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 23 Security Providing 1099
Poland Olha PROKOPENKO, Vitaliy OMELYANENKO, Janusz KLISINSKI
Chuen-Chee Pek Approaches to the Formation of a Theoretical Model for the Analysis of
Nottingham University Business School, 24 Environmental and Economic Development 1108
Malaysia Denys HOROBCHENKO, Viacheslav VORONENKO
Roberta De Santis Ensuring Food Security in the Context of the Development of Integration
LUISS University, Italy Processes
25 1120
Saniya SAGINOVA, Rauza ABELDINA, Valeriy BIRYUKOV,
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo
Gulnar SAPAROVA, Alken TEMIRBULATOV, Saltanat YSSUPOVA
University of Foggia, Italy
Dan Selişteanu
University of Craiova, Romania
Laura Ungureanu
Spiru Haret University, Romania
 Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v9.5(29).10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v8.3(19).01
Diversity of Mangrove Plant for Support Ecotourism Activities in Nature
Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali
I Ketut GINANTRA
Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathemathic and Natural Science
Udayana University Bali-Indonesia
ketut_ginantra@unud.ac.id
Ida Bagus Made SUASKARA
Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathemathic and Natural Science
Udayana University Bali-Indonesia
suaskara@yahoo.com
Martin JONI
Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathemathic and Natural Science,
Udayana University Bali-Indonesia
johnmartin809@ymail.com

Suggested Citation:
Ginantra, I.K., Suaskara, I.B.M., Joni, M. (2018). Diversity of Mangrove Plant for Support Ecotourism Activities in Nature
Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism,
(Volume IX, Fall), 5(29): 987-994. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v9.5(29).10
Article’s History:
Received July 2018; Revised September 2018; Accepted September 2018.
2018. ASERS Publishing. All rights reserved.
Abstract
This study aims to identify the species of mangrove constituents and determine the zonation of the growing community of
mangrove plants from the seaward to the landward zone, of the Nature Conservation Forum (NCF) Putri Menjangan coastal
Pejarakan village Buleleng from July to October 2017. Identification of mangrove plant species based on the following
characteristics: habitus, root type, fruit shape, inflorescence, leaf shape and leaf arangement. Zoning of mangrove grown is
determined from vegetation analysis conducted in 3 zones (front zone, middle zone and back zone) with quadrat method,
the area of each square is 20 m x 20 m. Parameters specified in each kwadrat are the density, dominance and frequency of
presence of each species. Zoning of mangrove community is determined based on the important value of mangrove plant
species. The diversity of the mangrove community is calculated by the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index. The results of the
study identified 13 species of true mangrove plants (mangrove) and 14 mangrove mangrove associates. The dominant
species are Sonneratia alba (important value / iv is 98.19), Lumnitzera racemosa (iv. is 40.75), Rhizophora apiculata (iv.is
35.53), Rhizophora mucronata (iv. 33.02), Ceriops decandra (iv.23.61) and Avicennia marina (iv. 22.22). The diversity index
of mangrove species (H) is 2.07, then it is considered good. The pattern of growing mangrove plants in coastal Pejarakan
Buleleng, in general follow the natural pattern of mangrove zonation. Typical characteristics and patterns of growing
mangrove zonation become interesting attractions and reference for mangrove area managers in ecotourism development
and efforts to conserve mangrove forests.
Keywords: mangrove forest; mangrove plant characteristics; ecotourism.
JEL Classification: Q26; Q30; Q57; Z32.

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Introductions
Mangrove forests in the coastal area of Pejarakan Village is quite wide, reaching 160 Ha in area (Riyastini,
2015). Mangrove forests in this area are being managed by Nature Consevation Forum Putri Menjangan (NCF
Putri Menjangan). Area management includes mangrove conservation and development of educational
tourism/ecotourism (NCF Putri Menjangan, 2016).
The diversity of mangrove plant species, the growing zonation pattern and its characteristic are the main
attraction for ecotourism. The results of preliminary study found several species of true mangrove plants
including Rhizophora spp., Bruguiera sp., Ceriops spp., Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp. and also found some
mangrove associated plants such as waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Ipomoea pes-capreae, and widuri (Calatropis
gigantea)
In recent years, the mangrove forest utilization paradigm has changed from land conversion (fisheries) to
sustainable use. Which means the utilization while maintaining the ecological of the mangrove ecosystem. One
of the sustainable management efforts is to utilize mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism activities (Fuad et al.
2012; Januarsa and Lutfi 2017; Sawitri et al. 2013).
Identification of the species of mangrove plants, zonation of mangrove plant species and the important
role of mangrove plants for the ecosystem is very important to do. In the education tourism or ecotourism in the
mangrove area the typical characteristics of the species of mangroves (habitus, morphology of leaves, fruits,
seeds, flowers), growing zonation and the role of mangrove community in maintaining coastal environment is the
object of attraction. Thus, the objectives in this study are; Identification and description of species of mangrove
constituent in coastal area of Pejarakan Village; and determining the growing zonation of mangrove plant
communities (front zone, middle zone, and rear zone).
Materials and Methods
Study Sites
Research conducted in July to October 2017, field survey conducted 2 times The study was conducted in the
mangrove ecosystem area of NCF Putri Menjangan, Coastal Pejarakan village, Buleleng Regency (Figure 1)
Figure 1. Map of research location in Pejarakan coastal mangrove area (NCF, Putri Menjangan)

Source: google.map.com
Plants Mangrove Diversity Identification
Identify the species of mangrove plants based on the following characteristics: habitus (herbs, shrubs, trees);
root type (stilt root, knee root, pneumatophor, buttres, no prominents aerial roots); fruit type (cylindrical, ball,
bean-like); the inflorescence and flower color; leaf shape and leaf arrangement. The characteristics of each

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species are photographed with a digital camera. Identification is done to the species of level referring to Kitamura
et al. (1997) and Tomlinson (1994)
Vegetation analysis was conducted at 3 stations (front zone, middle zone and back/rear zone). Each
station is placed 4-5 squares. The method used is the quadrat method, with the area of each square is 20 m x 20
m. Laying the square vertically follows the mangrove zonation (from the direction near the sea to the mainland).
The sum of squares sampling across the region is 14 squares. In each quadrat conducted measurements of the
number of species individual of mangroves and cover areas (Stiling 1996).
Parameters measured in vegetation analysis were:
Density (Ni)=Number of Individuals/area of squares
Dominance (Di)=% Cover species-i/area squares
Presence frequency (Fi): the presence of a species in the sampling quadrat
Data Analysis
The characteristic data of the mangrove plant species were analyzed descriptively, with drawings and brief
descriptions of the main features (habitus, rooting, leaves, fruit shape, and flowers). Zoning of the mangrove
community from the front (near the sea) to the rear (near the mainland) is determined based on the important
values of the mangrove plant species. The value of each species of mangrove is based on the sum of the
relative density, relative dominance and the relative frequency of each species. The plant diversity index uses the
shanon-Wiener index, H=-Σ (ni/N) Ln(ni/N), which ni is the important value of the species-i and N is the total
important value of all species (Stiling, 1996).
Results and Discussion
Characteristic and Diversity of Mangrove Forest in NCF, Putri Menjangan
There are 13 species of true mangrove and 14 mangrove associates (mangrove associate). Of the 13 species of
true mangrove consisting of 9 species are major component and 3 minor components. The species of plants with
their characteristics are presented in Table 1.
Tabel 1. Characteristics of the species of mangrove plants in coastal Pejarakan Buleleng
No Spesific name Local name Characteristics
Habitus of tall trees reaches 15 meters; root of type
pneumatofor; single leaf, oblong shape sheet, opposite
leaf layout; Flower with 6-8 lobes petals, green and red
1 Sonneratia alba Prapat
color inside, white flower crown, stamen lot; the fruit of the
ball, smooth surface green, the fruit of apple (about 4 cm
in diameter) (Figure 2 A)
Habitus tree, height reached 8 m; root type pencil-like or
pneumatophore; leaf single, arrangement obovate, eliptical
Api-api/sia-sia shape leaf sheets; spika compound flowers, 7-10 flowers
2 Avicennia officinalis
putih on each stalk, 4 yellow petal, calyx 5 lobes; fruits shape
pale yellow heart, diameter about 2.5 cm, length about 3
cm.
Habitus of tall trees reaches 8 m; roots type is
pneumatophore/pencil-like; single leaf, opposite layout,
elliptical leaf sheet; compound flowers, flower crown 4,
3 Avicennia marina Api-api yellow and somewhat orange, petals 5 lobes, stamen 4;
fruit type rounded the short-shaped end of the tip, the size
of the fruit diameter of about 2 cm, length about 2 cm, the
color of pale green fruit, smooth fruit surface
Habitus tree reaches 5 m high; buttres-supporting root
form at the base, and develop into knee roots (knee roots);
single leaf, opposite layout, leaf shape obovate rounded
4 Ceriops tagal Mentigi tip; compound floers, 5 white and brown petal, 5 lobes
green calyx; fruit type cylindrical (cylindrical), fruit diameter
about 1 cm, length about 20 cm, color green-brown (Figure
2 B)
5 Ceriops decandra kenyongnyong Habitus shrubs, height reached 3 m; roots type buttres

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No Spesific name
6 Rhizophora apiculata
7 Rhizophora mucronata
8 Rhozophora lamarckii
9 Rhozophora stylosa
10 Lumnitzera racemosa
11 Aegiceras floridum
12 Excoecaria agallocha
13 Bruguiera gymnorhiza
Local name Characteristics
originating stil-liketroot; single leaf, opposite layout,
obovate leaf sheets, rounded ends; fruits of cylindrical
shape, fruit diameter about 1.1 cm, length about 14 cm,
Habitus of tall trees reached 14 m; root type is stilt roots
with reddish root bark; single leaf, opposite layout, elliptical
Bakau
leaf sheet, apiculate tip; cylindrical type fruit with hypocotyl
green-brown, fruit length about 24 cm
Habitus tree, height reached 20 m; root type is stiltroot with
pale white root skin; single leaf, opposite layout, eliptical
leaf sheets, aristate / apiculate ends, the widest leaves
Bakau genjah among the genera Rhizopora (length ± 18 cm); compound
interest flowers 4-8 flowers, 4 white petal petals 4 green
lobes; cylindrical type fruit with hypocotyl green-yellow,
fruit length about 65 cm (Figure 3A)
Habitus tree, tree height reached 7 m; root type is stiltroot;
single leaf, opposite layout, eliptical leaf sheets; 4 flower
Bakau slengkreng
cyme, petal 4 and calyx 4 lobes; usually sterill and never
produce fruit and seed
Habitus bush, height reaches 6 meters; root type is stilt
roots with white roots colours; single leaf, opposite layout,
elliptical leaf shape, aristate tip; flower compound interest
Bakau kurap cyme, 8-18 flowers on each stalk, 4 white petal, calyx is 4
lobes yellowish green, stamen 8; cylindrical type fruit with
yellowish green-green hypocotyl, fruit diameter about 2
cm, length about 30 cm.
High shrub habitus, reaches 5 m; has no aerial roots;
single leaf, alternate layout, obovate leaf sheets, roundaed
ends (emerginate); spika flower, 5 white petal, calyx is 5
Kedukduk
green lobes; fruits shaped like vases (vase-shaped) are
smooth yellowish green (gloosy), fruit diameter about 0.4
cm, about 1.5 cm long (Figure 3 B)
Habitus bush, about 3.5 m high; have no aerial roots;
single leaf, opposite layout, obovate leaf sheets, rounded-
Kacangan emerginate tip, about 5 cm long; compound flowers, 5
white petals, petalscalyx is 5 green lobes; fruits ellip-like
chili, diameter about 0.5 cm long, about 3 cm long.
Habitus tree, height reaches 10 m; has no aerial roots;
single leaf, alternate layout, elliptical leaf sheets, acute on
tip ; inflorescence spika, yellowish green color, gummy
Buta-buta
white color, dangerous in contact with eyes/skin, fruit
shaped 3 small ball combinations, fruit diameter of about
0.5 cm, green color
Habitus tree, high ± 15 m; knee roots and small buttrees
root at the base of the stem; single leaf, opposite layout,
elliptical sheet shape, acuminate tip; large flowers, white-
Tanjang merah
brown petals, red calyx with 10-14 lobes; cylindrical shape
fruit, dark green-brown fruit color, smooth surface, about
1.9 cm in diameter, about 22 cm long
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Figure 2. Characteristics of Sonneratia alba (A) and Ceriops tagal (B)

Figure 3. Characteristics of Rhizophora mucronata (A) and Lumnitzera racemosa (B)

Result of analysis of true mangrove vegetation found 13 species, dominant species are Sonneratia alba
(value 98,19), Lumnitzera racemosa (important value 40,75), Rhizophora apiculata (important value 35,53),
Rhizophora mucronata (important value 33.02), Ceriops decandra (important value 23,61) and Avicennia marina
(important value 22,22). The dominant species are all major component mangroves. Rhizophora lamarckii and
Aegiceras floridum is a rare species (low importance value), these two species are indeed a minor mangrove
component (Kitamura et al. 1997). However, Bruguiera gymnorhiza which is a major component is also a rare
species. Its diversity index (H) is 2.07. Hardjosuwarno (1989) grouped that species diversity in vegetation
mangrove with diversity index> 1 including the category of good. Thus, the mangrove community in the coast of

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penjarakan included in the category of steady (good). The mangrove variety (true mangrove) of coastal jungle is
presented in Table 2.
Tabel 2. Analysis of mangrove diversity in coastal Pejarakan Buleleng
Relatif Relative Relatif
Important Index
No Mangrove Species density Dom. Frek.
value
(%) (%) (%)
1 Sonneratia alba 39,32 38,15 20,000 97,46 -0,37
2 Lumnitzera racemosa 13,11 12,72 14,545 40,37 -0,27
3 Rhizophora apiculata 10,26 10,36 14,545 35,16 -0,25
4 Rhizophora mucronata 10,26 15,23 7,273 32,76 -0,24
5 Ceriops decandra 7,69 6,59 9,091 23,38 -0,20
6 Avicennia marina 7,41 5,49 9,091 21,99 -0,19
7 Avicennia officinalis 7,69 4,71 5,455 17,86 -0,17
8 Ceriops tagal 1,14 2,04 5,455 8,63 -0,10
9 Excoecaria agallocha 1,14 1,57 3,636 6,35 -0,08
10 Aegiceras floridum 0,85 0,78 3,636 5,28 -0,07
11 Rhizophora lamarckii 0,57 0,94 3,636 5,15 -0,07
12 Rhizophora stylosa 0,28 0,78 1,818 2,89 -0,04
13 Bruguiera gymnorhiza 0,28 0,63 1,818 2,73 -0,04
100.00 100.00 100.00 300.00 -2.10
H = 2.10

The pattern of growing mangrove plants in coastal Pejarakan Buleleng, in general follow the natural
pattern of mangrove zonation. Some types of mangroves grow in all the zones of Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora
apiculata and some are able to grow in the front and back zones of Lumnitzera racemosa (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Zonation pattern of mangrove in NCF Putri Menjangan

Natural zonation patterns of mangrove forests by Kitamura et al. (1997) and Giesen et al. (2007)
organized as follows; the exposed mangrove / seaward zone (near the sea) is generally dominated by Avicennia
sp. Sonneratia sp, central zone of the Rhizopora sp., Bruguiera sp.and rear mangroves (mostly near mainland) is
predominantly dominated by Bruguiera, Lumnitzera, Xylocarpus sp. and other species of terrestrial plants
capable of growing on mangroves (mangrove associate), and a zone in the river stream near the brackish
mangrove waters. In this zone is often found community Nypa frutican, Aegyceras sp. and sometimes found
Sonneratia caseolaris and Xylocarpus granatum. However, river flow zone is not found in mangrove NCF Putri
Menjangan, because there is no river that permanently flows towards the sea through the mangrove area.

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 Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

Mangrove Ecotourism
Utilization of sustainable mangrove is the concept of ecotourism refers to the 3 main of the value of community
empowerment around in management, ecology and economic value (Sawitri et al. 2013; Sudarto 1999; Wahyuni
et al. 2006). Utilization of mangrove in Coastal Pejarakan already meet the 3 pillars of ecotourism. In terms of
community empowerment, the mangrove area is managed by the NCF Putri Menjangan whose members are the
community, local community leaders concerned with the conservation of the coastal environment. Ecological
values, mangrove preserved ecosystems and diversity of flora and fauna, replanting efforts on the lands of each
open are continuously conducted. In terms of economic value, the area is developed for educational, research, or
nature recreation tourism, both for students, students and the general public, tourists get educated from the
ecological value and the role of mangrove biodiversity for the coastal environment. For educational tour program,
tour tracing mangrove, mangrove species-mangrove research, NCF has built a trails and hut/resting point made
of bamboo. These trailers are made to make it easier for tourists to enter the mangrove area while recognizing
the species and characteristics of plants species mangroves (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Trail and resting point in mangrove forest NCF Putri Menjangan

Sari et al. (2015) stated that the feasibility of mangrove forest ecosystem for ecotourism is viewed from
the diversity of mangrove species, mangrove density (individual number/m2), mangrove thickness (long of
mangrove ecosystem from coast to coast), perception of surrounding community and also condition mangrove
forest. Duangjai et al. (2014) stated that the existence of mangrove plants as an asset in ecotourism
management is based on the number of true mangrove species, ie true mangrove <2 species is low category; 2-
5 species are medium category; and> 6 species including high category. In terms of the number of species,
diversity of mangrove areas in NCF Putri Menjangan is considered to be a high category as an ecotourism asset,
namely 13 species of mangrove and 14 species of mangrove association. In terms of mangrove conditions this
area is still considered good/steady based on diversity index
Presidential regulation no. 73, (2012) on national strategy of mangrove ecosystem management has
stated firmly that management of mangrove ecosystem is preservation/conservation effort, protection and
utilization of mangrove for public prosperity. Preservation means the diversity of individuals, species and
mangrove ecosystems must be maintained. Protection means the existence of mangrove ecosystem, should not
be damaged, harassed, altered, there are sanctions if for offenders. The presidential regulation is very much in
line with the concept of ecotourism.
Conclusion
The diversity of mangrove species in mangrove forest NCF Putri Menjangan is categorized as good, consisting of
13 species of true mangrove and 14 species of mangrove association. Zone to grow mangrove species is
generally a natural zoning of mangrove forest. The introduction of plant species, growing zonation, the
uniqueness of mangrove species and the specificity of their habitats support the attractions for ecotourism
activities.

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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Head of Research Centre and Community Service of Prosperity, and the Dean of the
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Udayana University who have funded this research. Thanks to Mr.
Gatot (co-ordinator NCF Putri Menjangan) who has assisted in the field survey. Thanks to Gede Yeyen Suharta
and A. A Ngurah Bagus Adi Permana who have helped in the analysis of vegetation and mangrove sample
collection.
References
[1] Duangjai, W., Tuntates, U. and Kroeksakul, P. 2017 The Comparative Evaluation of Community-based
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