6/18/23, 6:48 PM SQL | Join (Inner, Left, Right and Full Joins) - GeeksforGeeks

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SQL | Join (Inner, Left, Right and Full Joins)

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SQL Join statement is used to combine data or rows from two or more tables based
on a common field between them. Different types of Joins are as follows:

INNER JOIN
LEFT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN
FULL JOIN
NATURAL JOIN

Consider the two tables below as follows:

Student

StudentCourse

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The simplest Join is INNER JOIN.

A. INNER JOIN

The INNER JOIN keyword selects all rows from both the tables as long as the
condition is satisfied. This keyword will create the result-set by combining all rows
from both the tables where the condition satisfies i.e value of the common field will
be the same.

Syntax:

SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

table1: First table.

table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.

Note: We can also write JOIN instead of INNER JOIN. JOIN is same as INNER
JOIN.

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Example Queries(INNER JOIN)

This query will show the names and age of students enrolled in different courses.

SELECT StudentCourse.COURSE_ID, Student.NAME, Student.AGE FROM Student

INNER JOIN StudentCourse
ON Student.ROLL_NO = StudentCourse.ROLL_NO;

Output:

B. LEFT JOIN

This join returns all the rows of the table on the left side of the join and matches
rows for the table on the right side of the join. For the rows for which there is no

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matching row on the right side, the result-set will contain null. LEFT JOIN is also
known as LEFT OUTER JOIN.

Syntax:

SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

table1: First table.

table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.

Note: We can also use LEFT OUTER JOIN instead of LEFT JOIN, both are the
same.

Example Queries(LEFT JOIN):

SELECT Student.NAME,StudentCourse.COURSE_ID
FROM Student
LEFT JOIN StudentCourse
ON StudentCourse.ROLL_NO = Student.ROLL_NO;

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Output:

C. RIGHT JOIN

RIGHT JOIN is similar to LEFT JOIN. This join returns all the rows of the table on the
right side of the join and matching rows for the table on the left side of the join. For
the rows for which there is no matching row on the left side, the result-set will
contain null. RIGHT JOIN is also known as RIGHT OUTER JOIN.

Syntax:

SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

table1: First table.

table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.

Note: We can also use RIGHT OUTER JOIN instead of RIGHT JOIN, both are
the same.

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Example Queries(RIGHT JOIN):

SELECT Student.NAME,StudentCourse.COURSE_ID
FROM Student
RIGHT JOIN StudentCourse
ON StudentCourse.ROLL_NO = Student.ROLL_NO;

Output:

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D. FULL JOIN

FULL JOIN creates the result-set by combining results of both LEFT JOIN and
RIGHT JOIN. The result-set will contain all the rows from both tables. For the rows
for which there is no matching, the result-set will contain NULL values.

Syntax:

SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
FULL JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

table1: First table.

table2: Second table
matching_column: Column common to both the tables.

Example Queries(FULL JOIN):

SELECT Student.NAME,StudentCourse.COURSE_ID
FROM Student
FULL JOIN StudentCourse
ON StudentCourse.ROLL_NO = Student.ROLL_NO;

Output:

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NAME COURSE_ID

HARSH 1

PRATIK 2

RIYANKA 2

DEEP 3

SAPTARHI 1

DHANRAJ NULL

ROHIT NULL

NIRAJ NULL

NULL 4

NULL 5

NULL 4

Left JOIN (Video)

Right JOIN (Video)
Full JOIN (Video)
SQL | JOIN (Cartesian Join, Self Join)

E. Natural join (⋈)

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Natural join can join tables based on the common columns in the tables being
joined. A natural join returns all rows by matching values in common columns
having same name and data type of columns and that column should be present in
both tables.

Both table must have at list one common column with same column name and
same data type.

The two table are joined using Cross join.

DBMS will look for a common column with same name and data type Tuples having
exactly same values in common columns are kept in result.

Example:

Employee

Emp_id Emp_name Dept_id

1 Ram 10

2 Jon 30

3 Bob 50

Department

Dept_id Dept_name

10 IT

30 HR
40 TIS

Query: Find all Employees and their respective departments.

Solution: (Employee) ⋈ (Department)

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Emp_id Emp_name Dept_id Dept_id Dept_name

1 Ram 10 10 IT

2 Jon 30 30 HR

Employee data Department data

This article is contributed by Harsh Agarwal. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would
like to contribute, you can also write an article using write.geeksforgeeks.org or
mail your article to review-team@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on
the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or if you want to share more
information about the topic discussed above.

Last Updated : 24 Apr, 2023 324

Similar Reads
1. Full join and Inner join in MS SQL Server

2. SQL Full Outer Join Using Left and Right Outer Join and Union Clause

3. Difference between Inner Join and Outer Join in SQL

4. Difference between Natural join and Inner Join in SQL

5. Left join and Right join in MS SQL Server

6. SQL | Join (Cartesian Join & Self Join)

7. Difference between “INNER JOIN” and “OUTER JOIN”

8. Join Multiple Tables Using Inner Join

9. Inner Join vs Outer Join

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10. Difference between Left, Right and Full Outer Join

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