Pengantar Epidemiologi

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Pengenalan Epidemiologi (An Introduction to Epidemiology)

Yunus Ariyanto

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN epidemiological work, this is no longer true.


Epidemiology as it is practiced today is applied to the
Mahasiswa memahami pengertian, batasan, sejarah
whole spectrum of health-related events, which
dan tokoh, ruang lingkup, dan kegunaan epidemiologi.
includes chronic disease, environmental problems,
Pengertian dan Batasan behavioral problems, and injuries in addition to
infectious disease.
Epidemiologi :
Populations—One of the most important
 Epi : Pada / di distinguishing characteristics of epidemiology is that it
 Demos : Masyarakat deals with groups of people rather than with
 Logos : Ilmu individual patients.
Ilmu yang dipakai untuk mencari pemecahan masalah Control—Finally, although epidemiology can be used
yang terjadi pada masyarakat simply as an analytical tool for studying diseases and
 Pengertian: Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang their determinants, it serves a more active role.
frekuensi dan penyebaran masalah kesehatan Epidemiological data steers public health decision
pada kelompok manusia serta faktor-faktor yang making and aids in developing and evaluating
mempengaruhinya (Epidemiologi Modern) interventions to control and prevent health problems.
This is the primary function of applied, or field
Frekuensi: Besar masalah kesehatan di masyarakat epidemiology.
Penyebaran / Distribusi Masalah : Pengelompokkan
masalah berdasar keadaan tertentu (orang, tempat,
waktu)

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi: Faktor-faktor yang


bisa mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan

1. Faktor resiko >< faktor protektif Sejarah dan Perkembangan


2. Faktor predisposing – enabling – reinforcing
1. Tahap Pengamatan
Definition of epidemiology is 2. Tahap Pengkajian
"the study of the distribution and determinants of 3. Tahap Perhitungan
health related states in specified populations, and the 4. Tahap Uji Coba
application of this study to control health problems.“ Keterangan :
(CDC)
1. Tahap Pengamatan
Distribution—Epidemiologists study the distribution
of frequencies and patterns of health events within
groups in a population. To do this, they use
descriptive epidemiology, which characterizes health
events in terms of time, place, and person.

Determinants—Epidemiologists also attempt to


search for causes or factors that are associated with
increased risk or probability of disease. This type of
epidemiology, where we move from questions of
"who," "what," "where," and "when" and start trying
to answer "how" and "why," is referred to as
analytical epidemiology.

Health-related states—Although infectious diseases


were clearly the focus of much of the early
2. Tahap Perhitungan

Penggunaan terus berkembang sejalan


berkembangnya masalah kesehatan di masyarakat
Bentuk:
1. Epid. Penyakit Menular
2. Epid. Penyakit Tidak Menular
3. Epid. Gizi
3. Tahap Pengkajian 4. Epid. Kesehatan Jiwa
5. Epid. Kesehatan Kerja dan Lingkungan, dll…
Istilah :
Epidemi: frekuensi peny. meningkat diluar ukuran
normal di suatu wilayah di suatu waktu
Pandemi: frekuensi penyakit meningkat dan meluas
(lintas negara/ benua)
Endemik: frekuensi penyakit stabil di suatu wilayah
Sporadik: frekuensi dan sebaran penyakit merata
(tidak berupa klustering)

SELAMAT BELAJAR & TERIMA KASIH

John Snow membuat peta epidemiologi


4. Tahap Uji Coba
Jenner mencobakan vaksin smallpox pada anaknya
sendiri pada tahun1796
Ruang Lingkup
1. Masalah yang dikaji adalah masalah
kesehatan
2. Berorientasi pada masalah kesehatan di
masyarakat, bukan masalah kesehatan
individu
3. Menggunakan instrumen penghitungan (ex:
frekuensi dan distribusi)
Kegunaan

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