1. The document introduces epidemiology, defining it as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations, as well as the application of this study to control health problems.
2. It discusses the history and development of epidemiology, from the observational stage to the testing stage, including John Snow's epidemiological map and Jenner's smallpox vaccination trials.
3. The scope of epidemiology is described as focusing on public health problems rather than individual health issues, using statistical instruments like frequency and distribution calculations.
Experiences of Adolescents Living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus whilst Negotiating with the Society: Submitted as part of the MSc degree in diabetes University of Surrey, Roehampton, 2003
1. The document introduces epidemiology, defining it as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations, as well as the application of this study to control health problems.
2. It discusses the history and development of epidemiology, from the observational stage to the testing stage, including John Snow's epidemiological map and Jenner's smallpox vaccination trials.
3. The scope of epidemiology is described as focusing on public health problems rather than individual health issues, using statistical instruments like frequency and distribution calculations.
1. The document introduces epidemiology, defining it as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations, as well as the application of this study to control health problems.
2. It discusses the history and development of epidemiology, from the observational stage to the testing stage, including John Snow's epidemiological map and Jenner's smallpox vaccination trials.
3. The scope of epidemiology is described as focusing on public health problems rather than individual health issues, using statistical instruments like frequency and distribution calculations.
1. The document introduces epidemiology, defining it as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations, as well as the application of this study to control health problems.
2. It discusses the history and development of epidemiology, from the observational stage to the testing stage, including John Snow's epidemiological map and Jenner's smallpox vaccination trials.
3. The scope of epidemiology is described as focusing on public health problems rather than individual health issues, using statistical instruments like frequency and distribution calculations.
Pengenalan Epidemiologi (An Introduction to Epidemiology)
Yunus Ariyanto
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN epidemiological work, this is no longer true.
Epidemiology as it is practiced today is applied to the Mahasiswa memahami pengertian, batasan, sejarah whole spectrum of health-related events, which dan tokoh, ruang lingkup, dan kegunaan epidemiologi. includes chronic disease, environmental problems, Pengertian dan Batasan behavioral problems, and injuries in addition to infectious disease. Epidemiologi : Populations—One of the most important Epi : Pada / di distinguishing characteristics of epidemiology is that it Demos : Masyarakat deals with groups of people rather than with Logos : Ilmu individual patients. Ilmu yang dipakai untuk mencari pemecahan masalah Control—Finally, although epidemiology can be used yang terjadi pada masyarakat simply as an analytical tool for studying diseases and Pengertian: Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang their determinants, it serves a more active role. frekuensi dan penyebaran masalah kesehatan Epidemiological data steers public health decision pada kelompok manusia serta faktor-faktor yang making and aids in developing and evaluating mempengaruhinya (Epidemiologi Modern) interventions to control and prevent health problems. This is the primary function of applied, or field Frekuensi: Besar masalah kesehatan di masyarakat epidemiology. Penyebaran / Distribusi Masalah : Pengelompokkan masalah berdasar keadaan tertentu (orang, tempat, waktu)
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi: Faktor-faktor yang
bisa mempengaruhi masalah kesehatan
1. Faktor resiko >< faktor protektif Sejarah dan Perkembangan
2. Faktor predisposing – enabling – reinforcing 1. Tahap Pengamatan Definition of epidemiology is 2. Tahap Pengkajian "the study of the distribution and determinants of 3. Tahap Perhitungan health related states in specified populations, and the 4. Tahap Uji Coba application of this study to control health problems.“ Keterangan : (CDC) 1. Tahap Pengamatan Distribution—Epidemiologists study the distribution of frequencies and patterns of health events within groups in a population. To do this, they use descriptive epidemiology, which characterizes health events in terms of time, place, and person.
Determinants—Epidemiologists also attempt to
search for causes or factors that are associated with increased risk or probability of disease. This type of epidemiology, where we move from questions of "who," "what," "where," and "when" and start trying to answer "how" and "why," is referred to as analytical epidemiology.
were clearly the focus of much of the early 2. Tahap Perhitungan
Penggunaan terus berkembang sejalan
berkembangnya masalah kesehatan di masyarakat Bentuk: 1. Epid. Penyakit Menular 2. Epid. Penyakit Tidak Menular 3. Epid. Gizi 3. Tahap Pengkajian 4. Epid. Kesehatan Jiwa 5. Epid. Kesehatan Kerja dan Lingkungan, dll… Istilah : Epidemi: frekuensi peny. meningkat diluar ukuran normal di suatu wilayah di suatu waktu Pandemi: frekuensi penyakit meningkat dan meluas (lintas negara/ benua) Endemik: frekuensi penyakit stabil di suatu wilayah Sporadik: frekuensi dan sebaran penyakit merata (tidak berupa klustering)
SELAMAT BELAJAR & TERIMA KASIH
John Snow membuat peta epidemiologi
4. Tahap Uji Coba Jenner mencobakan vaksin smallpox pada anaknya sendiri pada tahun1796 Ruang Lingkup 1. Masalah yang dikaji adalah masalah kesehatan 2. Berorientasi pada masalah kesehatan di masyarakat, bukan masalah kesehatan individu 3. Menggunakan instrumen penghitungan (ex: frekuensi dan distribusi) Kegunaan
Experiences of Adolescents Living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus whilst Negotiating with the Society: Submitted as part of the MSc degree in diabetes University of Surrey, Roehampton, 2003