Project Overview

The Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Plan Project for a selected space
and location of San Pablo City Laguna is essential in reshaping the city to a
more livable, sustainable developed space. The purpose of the project is to
state different types of challenges that prevent the city from enhancing into
an ideal urban space. Upon examination and further study, the project
distinguished which areas to change, improve, expand and/or build.

Project Objectives
• To define issues and problems within the land that are in need of
immediate attention.
• To assess and analyze the site based on the established standard
protocols and guidelines.
• To create appropriate solutions that will make people’s lives much easier.
• To construct a feasible proposal/recommendation for the city’s
development.
Project Components
• Research Proper
• Case Study
• Collection of Data
• Site Analysis
• Natural and Physical Characteristics of the Site
• Buildings
• Transportation
• Utilities
• Open Spaces
• Streets
• SWOT
• Urban Analysis
• Urban Planning
• Identification of Areas of Concern
• Identification of Problems
• Areas of Improvement
• Urban Planning Proposal/Strategical Implementation of the
Project
• Proposed Zoning
CASE STUDY # 1

Forecasting Urban Expansion

in the Seven Lakes Area in
San Pablo City, Laguna, the
Philippines Using the Land
Transformation Model

AUTHORS: Anna Laura Quintal, Charlotte Kendra

Gotangco, Maria Aileen Leah Guzman
 INTRODUCTION
CASE STUDY # 1
The conservation of the Seven Lakes ecosystem in San Pablo City, Laguna province,
Philippines, is vital for preserving biodiversity and supporting the livelihoods of local
communities. This study employs the Land Transformation Model (LTM), which
integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Artificial Neural Networks
(ANN) to simulate potential land-use changes in the area. By identifying and
validating past factors driving urban growth, this research aims to offer guidance for
sustainable urban planning and conservation initiatives.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
CASE STUDY # 1

From left to right, top row: Driver Maps of Distance to Road Network, Distance to Lakes and Slope; From left to right,
bottom row: Driver Maps of Distance to Trails, Population Density Map from 1988, Population Density Map for 2003
METHODOLOGY
CASE STUDY # 1

• Data Collection: Historical land cover maps from 1988 to 2015 are
collected and integrated into the GIS database.
• Identification of Drivers: Several drivers influencing urban expansion are
identified and validated through the LTM. (See previous figure)
• Simulation: The LTM is used to simulate potential land use changes
based on the identified drivers and historical data.
• Scenarios: Three scenarios are created for the simulation:
⚬ Business-as-usual (BAU) growth, representing current urban
expansion trends.
⚬ Doubled growth, simulating a scenario with accelerated urbanization.
⚬ Buffer implementation: Strict law implementation, which enforces
protective measures around the Seven Lakes and other natural areas.
RESULTS
CASE STUDY # 1

Forecast Results: Business-as-usual Forecast Results: Doubled Growth Simulation . Forecast Results: Doubled Growth Simulation
with Buffer Area Surrounding Lakes

The study found that the rate of urban expansion in San Pablo City increased approximately 3.7 times from
2003 to 2015 compared to the period from 1988 to 2003. During the former period, the distance to existing
built-up areas and proximity to the lakes were the most prominent drivers of land-use change, leading to more
centralized expansion. In contrast, during the 2003-2015 period, roads became the most influential driver,
leading to a more dispersed expansion pattern.
CASE STUDY # 2

The Seven Lakes of San

Pablo: Assessment and
Monitoring Strategies
Toward Sustainable
Lake Ecosystems

AUTHORS: Vachel Gay V. Paller, Damasa Magcale-Macandog, Emmanuel Ryan

C. de Chavez, Michelle Grace V. Paraso, Maria Claret L. Tsuchiya, Joseph G.
Campang, John Vincent R. Pleto, Modesto Z. Bandal, Jr., Yves Christian L.
Cabillon, Amalia G. Elepaño, Jeph Roxy M. Macaraig, and Sedney S. Mendoza
 The Seven Lakes of San Pablo City offer ecosystem services to the
surrounding communities as they are used mainly for aquaculture and
recreation. Aquaculture, being a mode of subsistence for the local communities,
has extensively expanded over the years. This expansion has made fish pens and
floating cages an integral and common feature among the seven lakes. By the
early 2000s, aquaculture in these lakes had reached its peak. Fish pens and
cages have congested the shoreline, and the 10% area limit for aquaculture
structures under the Fisheries Code of the Philippines has been breached in
most lakes.

The seven crater lakes, namely, Sampaloc, Bunot, Palakpakin, Calibato,

Mohicap, Pandin, and Yambo, are small freshwaterlakes found in San Pablo City,
Laguna that are administered by the Laguna Lake Development Authority
(LLDA). These lakes were formed by steam-heated eruptions when the shallow
lava from Mt. San Cristobal intersected the groundwater and blew out the
overlying rocks, forming crater-like depressions (LLDA). These depressions were
eventually filled with rainwater. The varying depths of the lakes, which range
from about 7 meters to 156 meters, suggest a volcanic origin.
 Literature search revealed studies in the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City
focusing predominantly on topics such as physical limnology, biodiversity, and
socio-economic and development studies. Of few available publications are
studies concerning waterborne pathogens in the lakes.

While the rapid rate of development in aquaculture and ecotourism has

given opportunities to the surrounding communities of the seven lakes by
providing food and employment, this has not been without its cost as these
freshwater resources are also vulnerable to human-induced and environmental
disturbances that may outweigh the ecosystem services and lead to
deterioration of ecosystem functioning. With their relatively small size, the
seven lakes are deemed more vulnerable and sensitive to anthropogenic
activities and environmental pressures than the larger lakes due to their
reduced natural absorptive capacity to neutralize pollutants This paper
highlights several potential threats as identified in previous studies that may
affect freshwater lakes including the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City such as
climate change, organic and endocrine-disrupting chemical pollutants,
microplastics, waterborne pathogens, introduced species, habitat alteration,
and biodiversity loss.
 • CLIMATE CHANGE
Global warming resulted in extreme changes in frequency and intensity of
storms and floods, rising global water temperature, reduced ice cover, and
drastic changes in most ecosystems' biotic composition. Generally, climate
change can affect land and water resources. Climate change is a significant
factor that can alter and influence aquatic ecosystems. It can affect the
structure, functioning, and stabilization of lakes and other freshwater bodies
worldwide. One example is that the local communities in Taal Lake perceive that
the occurrence of fish kill in Taal Lake is caused by a combination of climatic,
volcanic, and anthropogenic factors. Oxygen depletion, volcanic activity, lake
overturn, seasonal changes, strong wind, hydrothermal vents, poor water
quality, and improper aquaculture practices contribute to the episodes of fish
kill in the lake.
 • POLLUTION
Ammonia levels of the seven lakes were too high and exceeded the level of
0.05 ppm except for Lake Yambo with 0.03 ppm. The highest mean ammonia for
the year 2018 was 2.22 ppm for Lake Sampaloc. The mean phosphate level of
Sampaloc also exceeded the recommended level of 0.5 ppm with a mean of 0.75
ppm. Phosphates of other lakes were below the recommended level. There is a
need to continuously monitor and update the public on the status of the lake
water quality.
• WATERBORNE PATHOGENS
Waterborne pathogens comprise a myriad of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that
enter ambient water through point and diffuse sources. Furthermore, recent but
few studies have dealt with the presence of protozoan parasites and pathogenic
free-living amoeba in the seven lakes. While these preliminary surveys on the
presence of parasites provide important baseline information on the
contamination status, these also further highlight the necessity to include the
parasites in monitoring activities as they are also shed in the environment
through wastes, particularly human and animal excreta, that could be brought
about by the apparent increase in human settlements, commercial structures,
agriculture intensification, and tourism activities in the lakes’ vicinity.
 • INTRODUCED SPECIES
In the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City, there are very limited and scattered
literature documenting the diversity and ecological patterns of their
macrobenthic fauna. Among the few include the survey of macro-gastropod
diversity in an aquaculture-intensive Lake Sampaloc that reported a mix of native
and invasive species. Such data can help establish conservation and
management strategies in the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City, Laguna, which can
help mitigate deterioration of the lake habitat, a pertinent cause of biodiversity
loss.

• HABITAT ALTERATION AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS

The Seven Lakes of San Pablo has been undergoing an urban expansion that is
resulting in habitat alteration. Habitat alteration commonly results from a vast
habitat loss that leads to smaller and isolated remnant patches. The rapid growth
and expansion of the human population amplify agricultural activities and
urbanization that compete with land supposedly intended for forest cover. Almost
43% of the terrestrial ecosystems has been deforested and converted from its
natural state into industrial lands that caused habitat disturbance.
 Monitoring strategies for sustainable lake ecosystems in the seven lakes of San
Pablo, Laguna, Philippines, are essential to ensure the long-term health and viability
of these important natural resources. These lakes include Lake Sampaloc, Lake
Pandin, Lake Yambo, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Muhikap, Lake Calibato, and Lake Bunot.
To establish effective monitoring strategies, you can consider the following steps
and components:
• WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Monitor and maintain water quality to ensure it meets the needs of both aquatic life
and human users.
Reduce pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and urban
development to minimize nutrient loading and harmful substances.
• BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Protect and enhance the biodiversity of the lake by preserving critical habitats and
supporting native species.
Prevent the introduction of invasive species that can disrupt the natural balance.
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Recognize that what happens in the surrounding watershed directly affects the lake's
health. Sustainable land use and land management practices are crucial for
watershed protection; Promote reforestation, wetland restoration, and sustainable
agriculture to reduce erosion and maintain water quality.
 • SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
Implement and enforce responsible fishing practices, including catch limits and the
protection of breeding areas.
Promote sustainable aquaculture practices to reduce pressure on wild fish
populations.
• EROSION CONTROL
Prevent and mitigate soil erosion by implementing effective erosion control
measures in the watershed.
Use vegetation and buffer zones to stabilize shorelines and reduce sediment runoff.
• CLIMATE RESILIENCE
Address the impacts of climate change on lake ecosystems by preparing for extreme
weather events, altered precipitation patterns, and changing temperatures.
Promote climate-resilient land use practices and sustainable infrastructure.
• COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Engage local communities, indigenous peoples, and stakeholders in lake
management and decision-making.
Raise awareness about the importance of sustainable lake ecosystems and involve
the public in conservation efforts.
 • MONITORING AND RESEARCH
Continuously monitor the lake's health and ecosystem dynamics to detect changes
early and adjust management strategies accordingly.
Invest in scientific research to better understand the lake's unique characteristics
and how to protect and restore them.
• POLICY AND REGULATION
Develop and enforce regulations that support sustainable lake management.
Promote policies that encourage sustainable practices in agriculture, industry, and
urban development to minimize pollution and habitat destruction.
• EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
Educate the public and stakeholders about the value of lake ecosystems and the
importance of sustainability.
Promote eco-friendly tourism and recreation practices to minimize negative impacts
on the lake.
• BASELINE ASSESSMENT
Start by conducting a comprehensive baseline assessment of each lake's ecosystem.
This should include water quality analysis, biodiversity surveys, and habitat
assessments. This data will serve as a reference point for future monitoring efforts.
 • DATA COLLECTION
Implement a regular data collection program to monitor key environmental
parameters. This may include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutrient
levels, and pollutant concentrations. These measurements should be taken at
different depths and locations within the lakes.
• SEDIMENT AND SOIL ANALYSIS
Monitor the sediment and soil quality to assess the accumulation of pollutants and
nutrients. Sediments can act as reservoirs for contaminants and impact water
quality.
• HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING
Measure water levels, flow rates, and sediment transport to understand the
hydrological processes affecting the lakes. This data can help identify changes in
lake levels and potential causes.
• ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT
Continuously adapt your monitoring strategies based on new findings and changing
conditions. Ensure that monitoring efforts are flexible and can respond to emerging
threats and challenges.
Strategical framework for effective management strategies for
sustainable ecosystems of the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City.
 Sustainable lake ecosystem management is a complex and ongoing process
that requires cooperation between governments, local communities, scientists,
and various stakeholders. By following these principles and taking a holistic
approach to lake management, it is possible to ensure the long-term health and
sustainability of these crucial ecosystems.

By implementing these monitoring strategies, you can help protect and

sustain the seven lakes of San Pablo, Laguna, ensuring their long-term health and
availability for future generations. It's essential to collaborate with relevant
stakeholders and government agencies to support these efforts effectively.
 CASE STUDY # 3

Traffic Congestion Analysis

of the Central Business
District of San Pablo City,
Laguna, Philippines.

AUTHORS: Kenneth Bernard M. Hizon., Edgar M.

Reyes Jr., En.P., Efraim D. Roxas, En.P.,and Christine
Joyce Mendoz
 Transport is the movement of people, goods and information by any
conceivable means, for any conceivable purpose. There are several factors that
affect the increase in transportation demand such as the rapid increase in travel
demand without the increase in the capacity of the transportation facility; the
need to transport people, goods and services; and the concentration of trips of
different modes in different time and space. Hence, the sudden increase in
transportation demand leads to traffic congestion. Traffic congestion is the
phenomenon where vehicles impede each other’s movement as demand for
road spaces approaches its full capacity. It is one of the pressing transport
problems that urban cities suffer from.

The study was conducted in the City of San Pablo in the province of
Laguna. The city’s location provides access from the said municipalities to
different locations such as Calamba City, Metro Manila and Sto. Tomas in
Batangas. That being said, traffic congestion may affect the city’s accesibility,
resulting to economic changes such as price increases on resources and
services. It may also affect the productivity of workers as travel time increases
and alloted working hours decrease due to the decrease in travel speeds.
 The CBD has a mix land use type of urban land use, which is characterized
by the small distances between the residential, commercial, institutional, and
special areas. The short distances between the areas increase the population’s
demand for short travel vehicles, like jeepneys and tricycles, since walking is not
the primary option in the area, due to poor pedestrian side walks and, due to hot
and humid weather.
This also explains the sudden increase in public utility vehicle intensities
during the morning and afternoon rush hours, as more people need to travel to
and from their workplaces and schools, specifically those professionals and
students in the study area (Hizon, 2016). The researchers also found out that
different trip characteristics and trip decisions affect the flow of vehicular
intensity.
Another possible explanation was the conventional rush hours of 7:00-8:00
AM and 4:00-5:00 PM may not necessarily hold true in the study site. The results
showed that the number of vehicles differ even during rush hours, depending on
the day itself. This is due to the travel demand in the area. Some of the
establishments are closed during weekends, which lessens the population’s
transport demand.
The demand for short distance travels was one of the main reasons why there were
increases in the number of vehicles during peak hours. The results also showed
that even during peak hours, the number of the vehicles may not be as many as
during other peak hours. This may be a result of the adaptive strategies of the
employees in the area, or the sudden decrease in demand due to other factors.

Comparing the traffic intensity and volume capacity ratio, moderate traffic can be
inferred. However, the travel time suggested that road users take longer time to
move from one point to another. The difference in travel time is due to the
management of traffic flow in the area. The stoplights and the traffic enforcers
control the traffic flow for a longer time span in order for the traffic flow to move
freely.
Analyzing traffic congestion in the Central Business District (CBD) of San Pablo
City, Laguna, Philippines would require a comprehensive study that takes into
account various factors. Below is a general approach to analyze traffic congestion
in the CBD of San Pablo City:

• DATA COLLECTION
Collect data on traffic flow, vehicle count, and congestion levels. This data can be
obtained from traffic management authorities, surveys, and traffic cameras.
Obtain data on road infrastructure, including the number of lanes, road types,
and the presence of traffic lights or roundabouts.
Gather data on public transportation options, such as bus routes and schedules.
Collect information on peak traffic hours and any special events that may affect
traffic.

• TRAFFIC VOLUME ANALYSIS

Analyze the volume of vehicles passing through the CBD during different times of
the day and week.
Identify the most congested roads and intersections within the CBD.
 • TRAFFIC PATTERNS
Study the traffic patterns, including the direction of traffic flow and common
routes used by commuters.
Examine the impact of one-way streets and other traffic management measures.
• PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS
Evaluate the efficiency and popularity of public transportation options.
Assess the integration of public transportation into the CBD.
• PARKING AND PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
Analyze the availability of parking spaces in the CBD and their utilization.
Evaluate pedestrian facilities, such as sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, and their
impact on traffic flow.
• TRAFFIC CONTROL MEASURES
Review the effectiveness of traffic control measures, including traffic lights,
signage, and police presence.
Assess the synchronization of traffic lights to improve traffic flow.
• INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT
Examine the condition of roads and bridges in the CBD.
Identify areas where road maintenance or expansion is needed.
 • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Consider the environmental impact of traffic congestion, such as air pollution and
noise.
Public Opinion and Surveys: Conduct surveys or public consultations to gather
input from residents, commuters, and business owners about their experiences
and suggestions for mitigating congestion.
• TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
Based on the data and analysis, propose traffic management solutions, which may
include changes in road design, better public transportation integration, and
improvements in pedestrian facilities.
Consider the use of technology, such as smart traffic lights and traffic
management systems.
• POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
Provide policy recommendations to local authorities based on the analysis. These
may include changes to local traffic regulations, investments in infrastructure, and
promoting sustainable transportation options.
• MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Continuously monitor the impact of implemented solutions and make necessary
adjustments.
 Addressing traffic congestion in a CBD requires a multi-faceted approach
involving local government, transportation authorities, and the active
participation of the community. Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial to
finding sustainable solutions to alleviate congestion and improve the overall
quality of life in the area.

In conclusion, there is a presence of traffic congestion in San Pablo City-

Central Business Distrcit, specifically on the three study sites (Manuel L.
Quezon-Colago Cipriano Avenue Intersection, Hermanos Belen St.-M.Paulino St.
Intersection and M.Paulino-M.Leonor St. Intersection). The study also
concludes that the use of quantitave (VCR) and qualitative (LOS and TTI)
parameters provide a holistic approach on the measurement of traffic
congestion. It was also found out that the review of transport policies and its
proper implementation, as well as the construction of parking areas and
terminals, can help reduce the intensity of traffic congestion.
 Improper
Illegal Setback
Parking
& Easements

ISSUE
S
Dilapidated Illegal
Buildings Settlement
PROBLEM #1:
(1) ROADSIDE AND AREAS WITH A NO PARKING SIGN. According to the parking
PARKING
policies in the Philippines, it is a given that it is illegal to park in no-parking zones and in
areas with “No Parking” signages including roadsides.
(2) PARKING ON SIDEWALKS. Having your car parked on sidewalks means blocking the
sidewalks as well as the pedestrians from using them, putting them and other drivers in
danger from oncoming traffic.
(3) DOUBLE PARKING. Just like how it is prohibited to obscure the driver’s view of the
pedestrians, double parking on the driver’s side of a parked vehicle can pose risks,
hence, it is not allowed.

FOR HOME OCCUPATION:

According to the City Ordinance of San Pablo City, no traffic shall be generated by
such home occupation in greater volume than would normally be expected in a
residential neighborhood and any need for parking generated by the conduct of such
home occupation shall be met off the street and in a place other than the required front
yard.
RECOMMENDATIONS
CASE STUDY #4:
Based on the Case Study conducted by Lovella Torres (2018) about how to improve the
parking situation in Baguio City.
(1) Parking violation fees and fines should be increased to deter such actions.
(2) Stricter implementation of traffic regulations by the City Traffic Enforcer
(3) Maximize the use of technology and mobility like towing trucks, clumps, and CCTV to
monitor possible parking violations.
(4) Provide a space for public parking in the vicinity.
PROBLEM #2: SETBACK AND EASEMENTS
Pursuant to the provisions of the Water Code: the banks of rivers
and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout
their entire length within a zone of three (3) meters in urban
areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas, and forty (40)
meters in forest areas, along their margins, are subject to
easements of public use in the interest of recreation, navigation,
floatage, fishing, and salvage.

PROBLEM #3: ILLEGAL

Informal Settlements Areas. There were a total of 7,132 families
SETTLEMENT
that are informally settling in specific areas in San Pablo City.
These families occupy public lands and are classified as
residential zones. The families are either from Bicol or from the
Visayas region. They have occupied these lands as early as 1973
and as late as 2000. The Housing and Urban Development Office
of the City has identified 40 barangays that were occupied by
informal settlers. As expected informal settlers flocked to urban
areas mostly located along the roads where infrastructure
projects will be implemented.

Squatting is criminalized by the Urban Development and

Housing Act of 1992 (RA 7279)
PROBLEM #4: DILAPIDATED
Some of the residential buildings in the area are already showing signs of degradation and need
BUILDINGS
immediate repair. These buildings pose threats to the nearby structures and the people in the vicinity.

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DEPENDING ON THE BUILDING MATERIAL

 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
ANALYSIS
FINDINGS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
(1) Illegal Parking in Residential
S
(1) Parking violation fees and fines should be increased to deter
Areas such actions.
(2) Stricter implementation of traffic regulations by the City
Traffic Enforcer
(3) Maximize the use of technology and mobility like towing
trucks, clumps, and CCTV to monitor possible parking violations.
(4) Provide a space for public parking in the vicinity.

(2) Improper Easements and (1) Stricter Implementation of the Building Code
Setback

(3) Dilapidated Buildings (1) Immediate repair and risk assessment.

(4) Illegal Settlements (1) House Resettlement Programs

(2) Stricter Implementation of the Zoning Ordinance
 EDUCATIONAL
The City has 63 public elementary schools and 47 private schools while there are 14 secondary public
BUILDINGS
schools and 19 secondary private schools. There are 2 public schools and 9 private tertiary schools.
Overall, the City of San Pablo has 156 education facilities, of which 81 schools are public and 75 are
private.

1.Fule Almeda Elementary School (640sqm)- 1 Library and 16 Classrooms

2.San Pablo Central Elementary School (72,628sqm)- 1 Library, 1 Clinic, 207 Classrooms
3.San Pablo City National High School (14,034)- 1 Lab, 1 Library, 1 Clinic, 49 Classrooms
4.Lauro Dizon Memorial National High School (12,000)- 1 Lab, 1 Library, 17 Classrooms
5.Laguna College- Private
6.San Pablo Colleges- Private
7.STI College of Luzon- Private
8.Capellan Institute of Technology- Private
9.AMA Computer Learning Center
 EDUCATIONAL
BUILDINGS

Fule Almeda Elementary School

ISSUES
: (1) Some school buildings are dilapidated already and need to be renovated.
(2) Some schools do not have their own school clinics

CASE STUDY #5: The Effect of School Design on Student Performance (2015)
The findings of this study indicate that characteristics of the physical learning space and design of the school
affect student performance. Learning space as a strong component can motivate students to progress.
Consequently, learning depends on sound architecture and appropriate learning spaces. The main implication
of this study is that indoor and outdoor learning spaces such as comfortable paths and walkways, light
sources, the school’s main building, and natural features of a landscape impact learning. In fact, these factors
enable students and teachers to improve learning and teaching processes.
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE

ISSUES:
Station Not Conducive for Work
• Poor image presentation
• Too much mess due to the small spaces.
• Too much people in crowded spaces.
 BUREAU OF FIRE
PROTECTION

ISSUES:
• Poor Condition of the Building
• Unconducive Working Environment
 INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
ANALYSIS
FINDINGS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
(1) Poor building condition
S
(1) Immediate repair and renovation of public buildings.
(2) Provide a clean and healthy environment for each station.
(3) Conduct risk assessment and inspection.

(2) Inadequate Space (1) Acquire lots for the station.

(2) Transfer the station into a bigger space.

(3) Insufficient Facilities (1) Provide basic facilities for each institutional buildings.
ISSUES:
1. Scattered commercial establishments in urban and rural areas: Since land conversion and establishment of
businesses are not closely monitored, commercial establishments are not clustered in designated areas in the
urban and rural barangays. Thus, potential investors are not fully aware, where to establish their businesses.
This is also difficult on the part of the government in terms of monitoring and providing services to
businessmen and investors.

2. Congestion in some commercial areas: There are commercial areas where business establishments are not
proportion of the carrying capacity of the commercial areas. Crowded commercial areas are not conducive
and safe for shopping.

3. Increased volume of traffic: Due to increasing population and economic activities in the City particularly in
the urban areas, volume of traffic was also observed. Traffic must be regulated so that economic activities will
not be delayed or disrupted.
 COMMERCIAL BUILDING
ANALYSIS
FINDINGS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
(1) Scattered Commercial
S
(1) Stricter implementation of the zoning ordinance
Establishments (2) Regular monitoring of private developments
(2) Congestion on some (3) Rellocate stores that are occupying the road or sidewalks.
Commercial areas (4) Prohibits hawkers and street peddlers. Allocate a space for
such activities.

(3) Increased Volume of Traffic (1) Efficient Traffic Management

(2) Allot space for pedestrians
ISSUES:
1. Existence of informal dwellers along the lakeshore: Informal settlers must be relocated in Sampaloc Lake to
develop the lakes into tourist attractions.
2. Limited tourism facilities and activities: Existing tourist spots have limited facilities and activities, making
them less attractive to tourists to spend more time in their establishments.
3. Congested traffic flow around Sampaloc Lake: Since Sampaloc Lake is situated in the City proper, the Lake
is less accessible during peak hours and holidays due to congested traffic flow.
4. Limited parking space for tourists: Ample parking space must be provided by tourist establishments in
order to accommodate the influx of tourists especially during holidays.
5. Need to have a zoning ordinance for the use of Lakes: Zoning Ordinance and zoning boundaries must be
implemented in the lakes to regulate the use of lakes for aquaculture and tourism purposes.
 TOURISM BUILDING
FINDINGS ANALYSIS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
(1) Informal Dwellers near the
S
(1) Implementation of assisted relocation programs.
lakeshore (2) Strict ordinance against illegal settlers.
(2) Limited tourism facilities and (1) Provide clean and accessible public toilets.
activities (2) Provide more recreational activities.
(3) Congested traffic flow (1) Provide parking spaces.
(2) Stricter traffic enforcement and parking ordinances.

(4) Need to have a zoning (1) Revise the water use ordinances.
ordinance for the use of Lakes

(5) Inadequate directional signs (1) Provide clear signages and other wayfinding signs.
on tourist sites

(6) Need to have a tourist center (1) Provide tourist center with spaces for selling souvenirs and
other local products.
ISSUES:
1. Modern Development Structures: Intrusion to heritage
zones due to urban development pressure. This leads to
buildings that do not comply with the architectural style as
mandated by the Heritage Zone rules and regulations.
2. Weak Conservation and Implementation of Policies: Due to
the weak practice of policies, there are infrastructures that
bypass the rules, leading to disunity or unharmonized
structures in the zone.
3. Structural Deterioration: Old buildings are subjected to
deterioration due to lack of maintenance.
 HERITAGE ZONE BUILDING
ANALYSIS
FINDINGS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
(1) Modern Developed Structures
S
(1) Address this problem to the owner of the building that does
not comply with the standards.
(2) Renovation to unify the architectural style.

(1) Raise awareness to educate the community and stakeholders

(2) Weak Conservation and
about the importance of the Heritage Zone.
Implimentation of Policies
(2) Collaboration with people: this includes government
agencies, professionals, and the community. This helps to
improve the conservation and implementation of the policies.
(3) Strict ordinance against structures that does not comply.

(3) Structural Deterioration (1) Building Inspection when needed.

(2) If proven to be a hazard: restoration or renovation is an
option.
(3) If not proven to be a hazard: daily maintenance.
Road Network
The City, with its strategic location of having seven (7) entry points, serves as the center of trade,
commerce, and major services to its neighboring municipalities, namely: Calauan, Alaminos, Nagcarlan, and
Rizal in Laguna; and Dolores and Tiaong in Quezon. Also, all other adjoining municipalities and cities have
entry points providing connectivity within the city and other growth centers.
The total road network of the city has a total length of 284.73 kilometers (2015 data). National roads
have a total length of 24.34 kilometers whereas the provincial roads totaled 83.32 kilometers. There are 91.24
kilometers of city road and 85.48 kilometers of barangay roads in San Pablo City that provide inter-/intra
connectivity. Further, there are 28 bridges in the City, 25 of which are in good condition while three (3) are in
poor state.
Transport System
The only means of transportation in the city is on land by tricycle, jeepney, van, or private vehicle. As a city
enclosed by adjacent municipalities, San Pablo has numerous entrances and exits. With this, the city is easily
accessible by all means.
The city also benefits from the presence of Philippine National Railways, although its services are
intermittent. But very soon, the railway system will be rehabilitated and improved to help boost the country’s
bid for an alternative tourism destination worldwide. The most common bus companies that ply San Pablo
routes are DLTB, JAM Liner, JAC Liner, and PHILTRANCO. These buses are available in almost all the waking
hours of the day.

More than 2,000 jeepneys constitute the most common form of transportation in going to and from the
barangays and nearby towns, while more than 5,000 tricycles provide the transportation system within the city
proper. In addition, private vans and cars are available for hire at reasonable rates, which tourists can avail of
in going to and from any tourist destination in the city.
 If tourists are travelling by sea, the nearest
port is the Batangas Seaport in Batangas City
which is roughly 46 kilometers from the tourist
destinations in the city. On instances when
tourists are traveling by plane, the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport is the closest as the city
does not have its airport. On average, NAIA is 60
kilometers away.
In addition, according to the City
Transportation Office, there are 117 land
transportation terminals in the city spread across
strategic locations. Only classified into two, the
terminals are for tricycles and jeepneys –
Tricycle Operators and Drivers Association and
Jeepney Operators and Drivers Association.
Thirty-six (36) terminals cater to locals for
transportation within the City and visiting
commuters from nearby municipalities.
CYCLE MAP OF SAN PABLO
The cycle map of San Pablo highlights the
infrastructure being rolled out and promotes the
cycle lanes across the city, as well as making
commuting and leisure trips safer and more
attractive. It also clearly displays recommended
routes, whether they are dedicated traffic-free paths,
suitable quiet back streets, or cycle lanes around
obstacles such as roundabouts. The map can
highlight local landmarks to aid orientation and
navigation and also detail useful associated
information such as cycle parking/storage, bike
shops, and cafes.

Analysis
Public transportation is an important contributing factor to urban development. Effective transportation
networks that incorporate public transit help lower the carbon footprint of an area and make cities more livable
by easing commute and transportation needs and increasing accessibility. The data gathered will influence the
design by planning the flow and access of every public transit and providing pedestrian that contributes to
people’s safety.
Recommendation
With the growth of the population in the city, the traffic will increase in the city. To resolve this, widening
roads or making alternative routes are to be considered.
Constructing or planning a terminal for the public user where that will be accessible and will improve the
traffic system of the city.
 TRANSPORTATION
FINDINGS ANALYSIS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
(1) Poor road condition in some (1) Rehabilitation of roads
S
areas (2) Road Widening
(2) Clogged drainage system in (1) Regular maintenance of drainage system.
irrigation, city market, and city (2) Weekly Drainage Clean Up Program
proper

(3) Insufficient parking area
(1) Provide a terminal for public utility vehicles, no terminal
along public roads
(2) Require business establishments to provide customer
parking
(3) No parking of private vehicles on public roads
(4) Limit tricycles on major roads

(4) Limited and inadequate (1) Provide multi-modal terminal for the community.
common terminals
Basic utilities such as electricity, water, and cellular network are available in San Pablo
City, however, not all barangays have access to it.
ELECTRICITY. The Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) is
the main power supplier of the City. According to its
Regulatory Management Office, all of the households in San
Pablo City are being served by the said private company.
Residential areas have the most power connections to the
company while industries and public utilities such as
streetlights and traffic lights consume most of the electrical
power.
WATER. On the other hand, 95% of the water supply
requirements of the City are being served by the San Pablo
City Water District. However, some barangays particularly MERALCO - San Pablo City Branch
those barangays which are far from the urban center, such
as Atisan, are yet being serviced by the Water District. They
source water from nearby springs. Nevertheless, the Water
District assured that there are no levels I or II types of
connections in the City. These types of connections are
communal ones.

Collection Office Water District- water utility company

The San Pablo Water District- founded through PD 198, aims

to improve the standard of living for San Pablo City residents
by providing cost-effective and clean water to the entire city
while maintaining financial independence. An example of their
dedication to this goal is the Central Production Well project. San Pablo City Water District
CELL NETWORKS. Cell site networks are located in 26 barangays. Smart and Globe Telecommunication
companies are the two major network providers in the City. However, some areas and/or barangays do not
have good signals. On the other hand, internet connection is readily available and accessible in all parts of the
Poblacion.

WASTE MANAGEMENT. In terms of solid waste management, the City’s Solid Waste Management Office
reported that the collection of garbage in the City has 93.75% efficiency. Urban barangays have their garbage
collected daily while some parts of the Poblacion have their wastes collected 2-3 times a week. The rural
barangays were allotted a garbage collection frequency of once to thrice a week. In support of RA 9003, the
SWMO aims to reduce wastes at source through composting and recycling. These strategies will reduce the
waste collected as well as minimize the frequency of garbage collection.
Solpico et al.(2015). Towards a web-based decision system for Philippine lakes
with UAV imaging, water quality wireless network sensing, and stakeholder
participation
Quintana. (2016). Level of awareness on the implementation of the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 of the residents around Bunot Lake
Section 22. Environmental Conservation and Protection Standards
12. Developments that generate a significant volume of solid waste shall provide
appropriate solid waste collection and disposal systems and facilities; and
13. Industrial processes/activities should not cause negative impacts on the
environment. The Zoning Administrator/Zoning Officer may request descriptions
of these as part of the requirements for Locational Clearance.
 UTILITIES
FINDINGS ANALYSIS POLICY OPTION/
RECOMMENDATION
POWER
S
-No pressing issues

WATER
-No pressing issues

TELECOMMUNICATION
-No pressing issues

WASTE MANAGEMENT
(1) Polluted river due to illegal (1) Clean Up Drive
settlements (2) Assisted House Resettlement
(2) Garbage accumulation on the (3) Provide adequate garbage bins in public spaces
lakeshore (4) Public Seminar to increase awareness about waste
management
Doña Leonila Parks
Doña Leonila (Mini-Forest) Park, once part of the City Hall Complex site purchased by the Municipal
Government of San Pablo in 1937, was developed after World War II during the tenure of appointed City
Mayor Dr. Fernando A. Bautista. It now overlooks Sampaloc Lake.
During Mayor Florante L. Aquino's term, from 2003 to 2004, the park underwent significant landscaping
efforts led by Mrs. Leila A. Aquino, the City's First Lady, and the park's stage was frequently utilized as a
venue for hosting and entertaining official city guests.
Sampaloc Lake Boardwalk
There are several parks and viewpoints around
the lake where you can enjoy the scenic views
and cool breeze. It is a popular destination for
picnics and boating.

San Pablo City Plaza

The city plaza is a central gathering place and
often hosts events and festivals. It's a nice spot
for a leisurely stroll and to enjoy the
surroundings.
Sampaloc Lake
San Pablo City is a picturesque city located in the
Philippines, known for its enchanting Sampaloc
Lake. The lake is a natural freshwater body
encompassed by lush greenery and surrounded
by a walking path that offers a tranquil and serene
atmosphere for visitors. Sampaloc Lake is
famous for its seven islets that dot its surface,
each with its own unique character and history.
The lake is not only a popular spot for relaxation
and leisure activities like boating and picnicking
but also plays a significant role in the city's
cultural heritage. It is a serene and beautiful
destination that embodies the natural charm of
San Pablo City.
Recommendations
• Allocate funds for the maintenance and expansion of utility infrastructure, including roads, bridges,
water supply systems, and sewage systems. Regularly upgrade and repair aging infrastructure to
prevent breakdowns and ensure reliability.
• Develop long-term strategic plans for utility infrastructure development and maintenance, considering
population growth and changing environmental factors.
• Promote tree planting and landscaping that uses native plants to improve the ecological health of the
parks.
• Develop a comprehensive, long-term plan for park improvement, including budgeting and timelines.
• Implement eco-friendly practices in the parks, such as recycling bins, composting, and rain gardens to
improve sustainability.
PROBLEM #1: LACK OF SIDEWALK
ACCESSIBILITY
Sidewalk is one of the elements of urban planning where
people are able to travel safely. However, most of the
sidewalks are not accessible to people especially those with
disabilities.

ISSUES:
According to Corazza (2016), the problem may cause more
issues if the sidewalks are not given attention. The condition
of the sidewalks may worsen by harmful weather
conditions, shocks, poor maintenance or cleaning,
installation of inappropriate urban furniture or equipment,
substandard execution, poor quality materials, and other
factors. Neglected sidewalks may lead to multiple problems
such as:
• Safety Concerns
• Limited Space Mobilization
• Legal and Ethical Issues
• Restricted Social Participation
• Economic Impact
PROBLEM #2:
INADEQUATE STREET
LIGHTING
According to Florida’s Department of
Transportation, street lighting is vital
to prevent accidents. The study shows
that almost fifty percent of fatal
injuries are reduced upon crossing
either at an intersection or midblock.

ISSUES:
• Safety matter
• Reduced visibility for motorists
• Fear Insecurity
PROBLEM #3: INSUFFICIENT CROSSWALKS AND PEDESTRIAN
SIGNALS

ISSUES:
• Heavy traffic/Traffic confusion
• Pedestrian accidents
• Longer Crossing Distances
 WALKABILITY AND STREETSCAPE
ANALYSIS
FINDINGS
RECOMMENDATION
LACK OF SIDEWALK ACCESSIBILITY
• Safety Concerns
• Limited Space Mobilization
• Legal and Ethical Issues
• Restricted Social Participation
• Economic Impact
INADEQUATE STREET LIGHTING
• Safety matter
• Reduced visibility for motorists
• Fear Insecurity
INSUFFICIENT CROSSWALKS AND
PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS
• Heavy traffic/Traffic confusion
• Pedestrian accidents
• Longer Crossing Distances
POLICY OPTION/
S
(1) Examine the current sidewalks
(2) Wider sidewalks
(3) Removing any obstacle on the paths
(4) Installing ramps
(5) Regular Maintenance
(1) Examine the current street lightings
(2) Change any broken lighting and improve the outdated or
any malfunctioning street lighting.
(3) Additional Lighting
(4) Regular Maintenance
(1) Install pedestrian signals
(2) Improve or add more signage
(3) Create overpass bridges
EXISTING AERIAL
PERSPECTIVE
 SABANG CREEK

SAMPALOC LAKE

DISTRICTS

DISTRICTS
PADRINOS DEL
MONUMENTO LEGENDS:

SAN PABLO ROTONDA DISTRICTS

NODE
LANDMARKS
CATHEDRAL PARISH OF
EDGE
SAINT PAUL THE FIRST PATH
HERMIT
 EDGE DISTRIC
SAMPALOC LAKE T

SABANG CREEK
 NODE
SAN PABLO ROTONDA LANDMARK
• CATHEDRAL PARISH OF SAINT PAUL THE
FIRST HERMIT
• PADRINOS DEL MONUMENTO
• SAN PABLO CITY PLAZA
• DR JOSE P. RIZAL MONUMENT

3
4

2
PATHS 1
SYNTHESIS
CONCERN, PROBLEMS AND
SOLUTIONS
(excluding the Sampaloc Lake)
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
San Pablo City is one of the most developed cities in Laguna. However,
when it is compared to urban areas or smart cities, it is still lacking.
Below are the following issues present in San Pablo:

ARTICLE-BASED
• Ecological or Environmental
Issues that Cause an
Unsustainable Environment.
• Forced Urban Expansion and
Overlook Informal Settlers.
• Business, Commerce, and
Industry
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
B. DATA-BASED
Economic Dynamism
Prioritizing the cost for business opportunities
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
B. DATA-BASED
Government Efficiency
Prioritizing the starting businesses, tourism, investment, and
government transactions.
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
B. DATA-BASED
Infrastructure
Lack of basic factors for a livable community such as education and
health infrastructures and accessible roads.
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
B. DATA-BASED
Resiliency
Flexible for the planning phase and assessment but insufficient support
during disaster and other emergencies
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
B. DATA-BASED
Innovation
Insufficient new technologies for a developing city.
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
• Growth Issues.
• Traffic.
• Leaf Frog Development.
• Agriculture
• River Pollution
• Lack of Parking areas.
• Weak Implementation
• Informal Settlers
• Lack of Educational Facilities
• Easement.
AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT

• Heritage Zone
⚬ Compliance
• Transportation, Roadways, streets, etc.
⚬ Terminals
⚬ congested
⚬ sidewalk
• Lighting System
⚬ No street lights in some area
• Tourism
⚬ Activities that can be performed in the Lake or near
the lake
AERIAL SCHEMATIC PERSPECTIVE
S A M P A L O C L A K E
PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION TERMINAL
Transportation Terminals are necessary for a better flow of traffic. Without traffic, there will be more room for people and vehicular movement. In addition,
San Pablo entertains tourists and these transportation terminals helps tourists find their way and other information needed for the location they want to go.

Entrance

Exit

SAMPLE LAYOUT OF THE

TRANSPORTATION TERMINAL
PROPOSED TOWN CENTER
To enhance the visitors' experience and to offer a broader range of recreational activities, the project
proposes an expansion of the existing esplanade. This development will not only create more space
for leisure and entertainment but will also introduce a dedicated area for commercial establishments,
where visitors can purchase souvenirs and locally produced products.
INFORMATION SIGN
NAME OF THE CITY

MAP OF THE CITY

EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION

BRIEF TRIVIA ABOUT THE CITY

PLANTING BOX
 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
Things to prioritize, enhance, change, and establish.

1. Improvement in Eco-Tourism (mainly in Sampaloc Lake)

2. Multi-modal Transport Terminal
3. Improved Sidewalk & Pedestrian Access (proposed street design)
4. Proposed Cultural Town Center
5. Improvement of the heritage zone
6. Provide parking lots
7. Lighting
8. Wayfinding Signs
9. Proposed Buffer zones (within the lake)
10. Vegetation Strips the heritage zone
11. Early warning system (earthquake)
12. Improvement of waste management system facilities( esp. in lake area )
13. Provide accessible public toilet (near the lake, and other public spaces)
14. Relocation of the BFP
15. Usage of domestic building materials
16. Community Garden for the local food source
17. Sustainable Energy Use
18. Smart City Technologies (traffic cameras, automatic street lights)
19. Integration of renewable energy technologies (wind, solar, & and rainwater harvester)
20. Constructing energy-efficient buildings

In conclusion, the proposal is essential to build the selected sites to be a more livable community.
Furthermore, the space is needed to undergo changes as San Pablo is considered to be a developing city.
Thus, it requires the government, organization, and people’s participation and cooperation for the proposal
and strategies to be feasible enough to be established. This is to ensure that it will shape the future of the
city and its people.
REFERENCES