What 蟬!

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I
Whal form of eno屯ij onoblos us to soo?

~
- 1
What form of anerg,i mokm thi"9'hot?

l
How can on objoct bo soon?
Hew much light can
pa»through ob」eel>?
Hr:,,, 紜 hoot tra.ol? .... ...
What .......... .._
...., pcm,..,.......,
ordo 心...,.,,

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po" 丨
~
Some ob」eels ollow Some ob」eels ollow
♦
Some ob」ee ls allow 丶
,.,
'
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~
Heat con easily
through good conducto.-s

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most light to poss some light to poss no light to poss ~- I 。f heat.
through them through t hem through them

丶 Heat travels from a

hotter ob」eel or ploce to
-- Heat cannot easily pa"
o colder ob」eel o r place
through poor conductO¥s
I until both reoch the some
of heat.
temperature.

1 泅at ore 心 ol!ecu ol

-』
An ob」eel con be seen ii

i`·3
How is o shodow formod? heat goi n o, heat 心？
ii iives off light or reRecls
lig I into our eyes
! ,

］
＂這
t
A shadow is formed when
Heat gain con cause:

且
on ob」ect blocks light
鬥]

• temperature to increase ,
• a sol id to change to a liq uid ,
• a liquid to change to a gos, and
• matter to 心pond.

" r~
鴯

Heat lo ss can cau辺 ：

• temperature to decreo 也
• a liq uid to change to a solid ,
• a gos lo change lo a liquid , a nd

-
• matter lo contra ct . 1
~
a,{j>
蛐
What we have learnt •

Search
@ () 二 [) 圄
 。
Using vegetable oil to move cars
.t.!?.
.,_ Singapore Is a clean and green city. Today, we have more green Vegetable oil is often thrown away after it Is used to cook food . However, this
丨 ~ buildings and use energy-saving appliances. We should continue to oil still has energy in it. Ins區 d of being thrown away, the used oil can be
play our port to care for the environment and conserve resources. collected and converted to fuel. This fuel is called blodiesel. It can provide
energy to move cars, motorcycles and trucks

·a
Unlike fuels such os cool . biodiesel con be continuously produced from
plants.

Green buildings
Have you ever heard of green buildings? . c What energy
changes toke place
when cars run on
bi 心iesell
) l
AgN
They are buildings that use less energy

,u
b,'- 一
'NZ:
The National Library Building is one of the

Z么'
＿
-

◄ Biodi e 函 canbe mode

many green buildings in Singapore. It saves
from used cooking oil.
energy in a number of ways. There are ~~
daytlght sensors that turn window blinds to

l-l-n_ ••
-U M
l至

「educe the glare of the Sun. The blinds also

i-
-正

nf
u云 [

help to prevent the building from becoming Energy is found everywhere. As you read more about energy
B-­
-_＿

-n in the following chapters. think about how energy is Involved in

-l·

l-
too hot due to the Sun, reducing the use
_ everything that takes place around you. Ask yourself:
`
-

of air conditioning. Movement sensors on

escalators and energy-efficient lightings
also cut down the use of electricity.
u-u • Why 1s energy important lo us7
◄
The plants In the roof garden and sky • How is energy used in everyday life?
terraces cool the surrounding air. This helps
to further reduce the use of air conditioning. • Why is 1t important to conserve energy? `
► 花e National Library Building h
many energy·:10Ving features.

.·
Use this book lo explore the different types of energy. where
they come from. how they are useful and how energy can be
conserved.

,
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,
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 Energy in food - Why do we need food?
We eot when we are hungry. We need food to stay alive.

霏
叄臨
Food gives us the energy that we need for activities such as
breathing, moving and growing. When we ore more active,
nergy.
~
!:,

I
迺琴r巴t 5巴:;之rth?
,
• Why do - need food?

畫 hot does o person

neeo to~mv o

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....
~

. ~~b-
~-i·: ~:

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., . 1,. ~ ·,•ii:-~...',,.,.·'• ~· 亀U1l屯

,.,._
璽 ·'1t·:..
帛－i

,i,. .,

We eat a variety of food for energy. For example. we eat plants

~ :_., 心. and animals. Our food also includes products of plants and
animals such as bread and m ilk.
' . 4 Bl

-~:....- '
...
~~,
•
- -~ ~.T"~w-"'-~•- ~ ~
• ~-~ '
.~.... ~y
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, . ~~ _..·- - -,..•.~· ~
~ , • 1

'~
転ides en蚵~loodoho
- ,11 ... L...'~ gr,es u, nutrients such as
-~~ -~-. ~:r_?-~\;J
玄 ~"今；．氬，
~~ i l ~ minerals and vitamins..
Eating a YOriet\, ol lood is
冷］學．鉭歪澎 叫Xlrtant lo, us to sto,,
n en a natural disaster 0< peop1e so ~
!ii( homes. Help must quick! 0arn 1he survivors 10 o「OVI □"
with their basic needs so rn mev ca

Why do people need food to stay alive? • We get energy from a variety of food .

If plants do not eat, how do they get .. . ~-e--~, •. , ·:,.~ - .,.- : ~ - ,

Do plants need food?
their food? - ..
.-~;- . ; -~-- . .. J..-~~
, ·.
…~.
_• .:~這寧If~. --~. ,~
. .- All living things get energy from food. Plants and animals
obtain food In different ways. l WoB.boolt activity 1.1 ♦
-
-
．一-~.
一 － -·•~
－ ．．．＇
•.. . .嶋 .
．
．吒，｀；爹''.
。 Energy
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,....,
Ent叩 in food 今
-

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How do plants make their own food?
Plants make their own food using light, carbon dioxide and
如ter. This process is called photosynthesis
Plants can make food because they have a green substance
called th比｀硏 Chlorophyll Is found mostly In the leaves
It Is found In the chloroplasts of plant cells.
。
,
Chlorophyll traps light to enable plants to malc.e fOO'i「O
The food which plants malc.e is sugar. Sugar produced in tr.
leaves is transported to other ports of the plants such as the
「oots and flowers. The amount of sugar produced depends
on the amount of light, carbon dioxide and wot.er that the
plants get.
light

.、
carbon dioxide + water • sugar + oxygen

]n `~ Carbon dioldda is token in

by the plant through tiny
openings on its leaves.

/
'
壹l

Sugar is produced in the Oxygan is also produced

leaves and transported to during photosynthesis. It is

己
other parts of the plant , ,en out by the plant through
the tiny openings on its leaves.

量
qioto
◄ Chlorophyll
` ,at are the factors
,at can affect the re
synthesis! 丿

量
is found in the

｀－ 函 乙

卫
chloroplosts of 「
a leaf. iow are the produ
,f photosynthe出

`` ,mportant to 心l 了

Water Is absorbed
0 因一 by the roots and
transported to the
y叩 will leam about haw water
leaves and other
。rious rrts
。nd food are transported ta
af a plant in the ports of the plant.
LWorkbook act话心 1.2 and 1.3詹

忥辶
theme a System•.

. 、 Energy
Ene叩 in food 0

Search
l~l!D · … - ~~ 毌 l ►
 CARBOHYDRATES
:_ -:~ ., ·- ,.. ..,.
。
Plants use the energy In the sugar lo stay alive. If plants
produce more sugar than they need, the extra sugar is \ -~ Why is the Sun important to living things
on the Earth?

' ;、、、丨~-:
changed Into starch and stored In different parts of the plants
Living things on the Earth depend on the Sun as the primary
; source of heat and light. Heat from the Sun keeps the Earth

凸=乓-:"'- -、
芒

疊l
warm for living things to stay alive. Light from the Sun enables
animals to see. In what other ways do animals and plants

`,
depend on light from the Sun?

萵這~ ~ Look at the sandwich shown below. It is made up of bread.

cheese, chicken, tomato slices and lettuce leaves. This
~ . ~":/~ '-::"- -"' sandwich is food which gives us energy. Let us trace wh函
4 Bananas, sweet potatoes and potatoes ore examples of
The o刃gen produced by the energy in the sandwich comes from.
different poru of plants which store starch. 4
water plants can be observed
as bubbles coming out of the ｀逗 is mode from wheat flour. Wheat

國摩虞瞬祚~—二二 二二
leaves

~
The oxygen produced by plants during photosynthesis Is given
out to the surroundings.

re~:,.~丐~;1~ ~";: :.: : : . -: :

;~f~
. /—
A~
How do animals obtain energy? lro,n COWS which eat plants w,ch OS g-oss.

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.a ......
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bears ootc
Dnerou bu 已］
l~ ..... ..,
.
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,·, \、~ :、~:.\,..~-~,.-...... .矗 d
Tomala fruiu come from
tomato planu.

lettuce leaves come from

以luce I如u

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(;

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「 t~「；霑謚霑盂:ise!~ Sciencf
dtizen <•> r-&1
·邱
Giant pandas eel mostly bamboo
O 因's connect!
You will learn about the
Preparing or 加ying extra
food that 泗 cannot finish
Find out what a boloncoo meal is and
what happens to our bodies when 泗
rants. The pandas spend many relations~『 between 。nd end up throwing awo eat too much food. You use l區
ours a day eating tn order la get
enaugh energy.
plonls on animals in the is a waste of resources aJ 磁田ing words to search~ Internet
theme of Interactions. monev- Plan your meals so loranswen:
LWorkbook octivity 1.6,+ that you will not end up with • Balanced meal
too much food. • Obesity
6 、 Energy Ene叩 in food 7
 ~ ------·----
。
N nen plants use sunlight to moke food, the energy from the
5un ,s passed on to the plonts. When animals eat the plants,
咋 enefgy Is then passed on to the animals. Therefore, the • photosynthesis • light • sugar
enefgy In our food con be traced back to the Sun. • chlorophyll • water • oxygen
• carbon dioxide

~~~rTh)、、
－－ －－－ －之 . - - ta~~d Ir<-- ~
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5

Primary source

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which ,, 1rappe::l
b,, <JI lorcph,jUIn

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Plants

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A Energy pathway from the Sun to humans

t:) Prq;ect 血＊
璽璽 Carbon di。油

`
dunng

Photoytho.i,
`
Water

`}
The Sun Is our primary source of energy because the energy
that Is passed on from one IMng thing to another comes from
the Sun. Without the Sun. plants would not be able to carry out
photosynthesis. Without plants. animals would hmte no food to
Look al the food you have
far lunch ex dinner. Dr畑
diagrams to show how the
ene'!J in the food con be
` I
to produce
」

provide them with energy to stay alive troc bock to the Sun.
Sugar (food)
Shore your diagrams with

•'
吐ich pr<Md.
your classmates,

Energy
~ activity 1,?>
I Energy
｀．叩 in food 9

1-~~ - f:Y ◄~II- ► ＠鉭:: I►

 。
·———

叄
國可 Q

量
1. 5ue carried out on experiment to Investigate the conditions
needed for photosynthesis. She placed a plant under the Sun and
watered It dally.
2 Forms and uses of energy
誣
三 ( •
•
•
•
What is light energy?
What is heat ener叩？
What is sound energy?
What is electrical ener叩'
• What is kinetic en叩記
0 •
•
What is potential ener叩？
Can energy be changed from one 紜 to another'?
/
` ` Living things need energy for their doily activities. Non-living
things, like the machines we use every day, also require
that removes energy to work. What ore the different forms of energy that
carbon dioxide con be found around us?

After of的i days, leaf X and leaf Y were cut and tested for starch.
The results of Sue's experiment ore shown below.

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一～＇
二-..::J-.:ilL
i=一 心
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A
l「 No

B ..
m I~ No

C II No
一－－ - ,. · •.·~--~ itl~~ 「,~~~rA~這芒~ ，．
－－－ 這區
。 Yes II Yes

al
bl
Explain why the results for parts 8 and D ore different
Which results must Sue compare If she wanted to find out
If carbon dioxide Is needed for photosynthesis?
戶 1>-~ -~
cl Exploln how the result for part D would be different If Sue

嚀`「 ＇ ＇
had placed the plant In a dork room.

~
LWorkbook exerci5e 1 ♦

10 Energ11

Search
| 「 1 ~ ~ 毌 l►
 。
What is light energy?
~ is a form of energy that enables us to see. The Sun is our
0 因一 What is sound energy?
．哪
What ore sources of light? Sound is o form of energy that we con hear. When w e w histle
畫 main source of lighl on the Earth. Besides the Sun, what other
sources of light are there?
Recall what you have learnt
in the theme of Energy in
o tune, top our feet on the ground or clop our hands, there is Ultrasound is u之d in
霏itols to show image,
sound. Sound con be loud like thunder or soft like o whisper.
Lower Block 。 port> ins心 a human
body. 元h as a growing

｀「」二」＇
foetus.

已~
一 L
--- ◄ There is sound when
we song or ploy musical
A We need light to see. We cannot see in the dork
翌
instruments.

What are road reAectors?

Hawdathe~ 國p drivers to
be safe on t e road at night?

..
Use the Internet to find out
\.'✓ hut i 丶 L'k(:
What is heat energy?
Heat is o form of energy that makes things worm or hot. The O 缸比一
Electrical ener可 1s a form of energy that 1s usually generated
1n power stations. Energy stored 1n batteries and solar cells can ' On
~ wI ( w u `ltI
' .Ilk 'o

1
Sun Is the main source of heat on the Earth. It keeps the Earth 'I
uuJ
_. ,w

,｀、

丶
、

1
丶
，
What ore some sources also be changed to electrical energy h. ' C c
4"Illob
`
` ` `'. '
~ and living things on the Earth warm .

、
of heat? Recall what you o1, cr0 .9
,

IU
'

·
、
hove learnt in the theme of Electrical energy can be changed to ather forms of energy , `I `` `

`_l
W .I
l `
(
Besides the Sun, we can also obtain heat from movement,

｀鬮
＇
Energy in Lcmer Block.
,
`
such as light, heat and sound u '

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electricity and burning fuels

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七

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12 Energy
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What i s elastic potential energy?

1
When we stretch a rubber bond, wind up a toy or compress a
spring, we are storing energy in these objects. This energy is
O 叩面面U

(') When I shift o book from o lower

shelf to a higher shelf, what happens
known as elastic potential energy What force d面 0 屮etc囤
orcompre,蝨 spring ex..-rt?

;. a
to its gravitational potential energy! You w,11leorn obc汛 ,t ,n l區

尸
th如e ol Interoct心5
,, ' I I / / I I
l\f\J /V\,i,1, ~.,\,
t •
A A stretched 4 A wound-up £ A compressed
rubber bond toy car spnn9

When we release a stretched rubber bond, the elastic potentia l

l Workbook activity 2.2 ,+ energy can be used to move objects.
3 There Is sourd
as the toy plane
For two objects that are at the same height above the
ground, the object with a bigger mass has more gravitational
0 缸訌呻逗．＇ 2 The elastic potential moves through
the a1r.
energy stored in the
.II potential energy. What is moss? Recall what rubber band is used

戸
早 you h函 learnt in the theme

l·d
1 to m ove the toy plane
涑
. ＇－－、

7
\/
al Cycles in Lower Block. The stretched rubber -

forward into the air.

bond of this toy plane hos / \J

i
、
elastic potential energy.
'
These two blocks hove the some
.`
: F

size but different mosses. Which

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丶·

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block has mare grovitationol

.J
,
potential energy!
.,
t
L/＾「 ．
、

500 200g
.,` -;.....-
、
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metal bfock plastic block

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r

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1

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l Workbook octivity 2.3 A The rubber 扣nd 転omes [ Work 沁凸叩ivity 2.4~
stretched as it is tw isted

Forms and uses al energy 17

16 Energy

"""'
, '· ` ' ,',
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1·1~ 召1 ·&
( ·` .
. () 二 [) ·`· . ~- .:::iJ 「p, -f
丶

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丶
電、

S e arc h ` ， 守
一'.
 。
Many household appliances work using electricity. In on
Can energy be changed from one form electric oven, electrical energy is converted to heat energy and
to another? light energy.
We hove seen that energy can exist In many forms. Energy
camot be created or destroyed. H叩ever, It can be changed
from one form to another. 布e change or changes In the fonn
of er國， Is called energy corwerslon. electrical heot light
I.el us look at some examples of energy conversions.
1 Sue hos gravitational energy
• +
energy energy
potential energy
when she is at the
What en羣gy conversion takes place when Sue goes down
top of the slide
a slide?
Cars need the chemical potential energy stored in petrol to
move. The chemical potential energy is converted lo kinetic
energy, heat energy and sound energy when the car moves

`` . ·•
, ..
- - chemical ~ n

彧
k1ne1Jc heat sound
potential - - - energy + energy + enefgy
energy

....
,sdown. the
,nol potential ener
I to kinetic ene 廬
n ri-:;;a
O
d·

When a music player 1s switched on, chem1cal potential energy 、

u1c,rgy rs then converted to sound energy.

－
l l l b i i i - - ~~
rn the bottenes rs converted to electrical energy. The electrical
◄
— \ 一... 尼 :~ ers,
oke pie
~
Ene19',1~五 enable
d,,.,ices o, modline ID
doW(吐. Dunngtt-
coovenions, some e,-.g, is
量

a><,-ted to heat -w
ch,· m,cal potential _ electrrcal _ sound This heat -w is no1
L「) "'gy energy energy ~I.

[w卟book octivily 2.5」

。
F m ' `· nd us es ene gu-
i)

。
。

「
_

Energy

•••
尸~arch .. ] 匽囯 - ~ ~ 18 E ~~ •••
••• l ►
 。
磴心函 at wort ~ ----- --一一－一 '"·-~--
-··
---.
Patience and perseverance • light energy • potential energy ． 幫邙I conver,ion
• heat ener叩 • chemical potential ener叩
Jamas Prescon Jc心 How con I find out more • sound energ11 • gravitational potential energy
I
,
netS-111891 w os on EngHsh about energy? • electrical _ ,叩 • ekistic potential energy
5lc1st who studied heal
and - ' J f conYl!<slons.
~

: ·
------------t~w~----
• k inetic ener叩

--=--一-- - ---- 三 一一 -------- -------•.佐 ·

「-—-— cx,n 匕 chongod 一

Energy - 紜泗紜 一 Energy CCIITieflQ1

lo onothor DJ

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-
a,mes on dfle,w,t forms ...di as
l l l l
2IS
'-
+ ♦
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l
Lightener911 Heat energy S叩~eneri辺 氐dricol enetg\j Kinetic ...,,.,
'
I
' '
,
J
wh,ch IS which is which
' is ' b
｀圏 wh,d, i,
.Jouklwos 面 lnteres國 to find out wheth己
ro• connot be er矼ted or
Edenestrgy

`
~
• '
-
energy could be created or destroyed. He royed. It con only be converted 3
Ener叩 thot z伍 l
~2~
sat up on axpllfimant to Inv函g ate en幫gy from one fonn to another. Ene,gy that Enera,in .m
cC>n\VSlon. He found out that through o makes us feel -conheor ～伍 t
曰函 of steps, the kinetic energy o f falling
..... tosee wonn or hot are llllMllQ

,0 1
de.ioP110wcn
~tswoscon面國 to 國at energy of
I I I
~
J
叨鼴.Joule repeated the experiment
many~ la get raiabla rasullS.

....
such 01 紜

!
wchos Fn,m

l
>uchmlrom

l
..chmhun
'
l
was

!
in

., ',-, ~ • The Sun

• Lit lamps
• The Sun
• Burning
• Musicol
inst心1國＇｀
l't,...,. llatioru • Mo,面
..,l,iclas
3{

':' ..,_. .一 l ,L .._I...'I 吶: . . ,一·

fuels • s;,.,, • Rolw,g bcJII

`
Chemical Grovitationol
potential en氬叩 Elmtic 一
一－
With patience and 函這wrance, Joule 飆

WDfkad li'elessly for many years. He When hove you shown

匾lped us la hCJ\18 a better understanding
patience ond 內rseveronc I I
in exploring Scien ,uch os 1n ,.,cl, OJ ,n such a, ,n
al energy.
i
• Food
• Botterieo
．団s
a,
!
the.,ects
groundabo,e spring>'
• Compre....d
• Sm,tcl,.,d
~bonds

:zo Energu Farms and uses af ene叩 21

Search ＠鬯］罪 p
 ~
亞 硒e

畫 1.
。•
Joe wound up his toy car once and then released It to find out
how far It travelled. He repeated the experlment by winding
3 Sources of energy
霞

囉
@
up the toy car three limes and then five limes
臨學臨 2

ri-----
• What o re some sources of ener叩 and their uses?

`
• How is the Sun our main source of ener911?
• What o re some sources of energy that w ill not run out?
• Why do we need to conserve ener911?

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al Stole o possible hypothesis for this experiment

bl Stole one variable that should be kepi the some for the
experiment lo be fair

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cl The table below shows the results of the experiment

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I) What is the relationship between the number of
times the toy car was wound up and the distance It
How did the number of
travelled? Explain your answer tim es the car w as w ound up
Ill Why did Joe carry out three tries each time he did affect t he ela 面c pot ential
the experiment? energy of the spring in the
t oy earl

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Z2 Energy
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l恒瓌霏了~..,.---~-~ 22 E ~~ 王 l ►
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Wind
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-
Wind is also a source of energy. Windmills and wind turbines
use the kinetic energy of wind. The energy of wind will not run
out
The Sun
Windmills
The Sun is our primary source of both hght and heat. Energy
Windmills convert the kinetic energy of wind to kinetic energy
from the Sun 1s called solar energy. This source of ene面 will
of gears that turn. As the blades of the windmill turn. the gears
not run out
turn to grind grain.
The Sun provides heat to keep us worm. Plants make use of ( ine~c energy
light from the Sun to make food Light from the Sun can also be
used to provide electricity. Solar cells and solar panels convert
kinetic energy
(w ind) .. kinetic energy
I blades I (gears )
`1l
light energy to electrical energy l·
T A windmill u 玲s the energy
of wind to grind groins.

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T Solnr c..11, con 柚 lounrl on cnlculntors,
、olm vd11cle, ,md sotell,tes

q
叩nd
goerouoe1
groins
8
ng
around

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Solar vehicle

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蠡 Wind turbines
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of w ind to electrical
0 缸V呻面．＇
How does electricol

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energy. When wind spins the blades of the wind turbine, kinetic
enetgy moko on
energy is converted to electrical energy in the generator. This
·--- I、`
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allows us to hcrve electricity in our homes.
必ric circuit wo,k?
You 面II learn more in
tho theme ol Sy玭ms.
~ 1 I I 1'...I , 丸） kinetic energy _ k1net1c energy _ electrical energy ~

呾
I generator I

---.' ~
I wind) I blades l
Did you know that you con

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chorge a mobile phone 」ust
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by wearing a 心:ket? There
• • (

一一－
is no need for tteries or
chargers. U,e the Internet ta ► Wind turbines use the energy of wind .
find out how solar·p邲ered to generate electricity.
」ackets with solar panel,
can let you do 」u,t thatl －二 ~_.....一.......
一記星L-- 丰be__ '.~
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 。
.Q Running water
Running wat國 In rivers, streams and waterfalls is another
Fu els
Fuels ore also sources of energy on the Earth. Coal, oil and
source of energy. Like wind, the energy of running water will natural gos ore examples of fuels
not run out.
量 Hydroelectric pow幫 station
A dam Is built across a river or reservoir to hold water.
A hydroelectric power station makes use of a dam to collect
water at great heights. The large store of water has a great
amount of gravitational potential energy
A.~ ------=
-
A Cool is collected from underground mines A Crude o,I comes from the ground.

All fuels have chemical potential energy in them. When fuels

are burnt. the chemical potential ener引 1n them is converted
to heat and light energy.

A Hydroelectric power station

chemical potential energy
I fuels) . heat
energy
十
hght
energy

In a power station. fuels are burnt to provide heat energy

When the dam Is opened, the water rushes down. The that is used to change water to steam in a furnace. When
gravitational potential energy of the water is converted to the steam turns the blades of the turbine. kinetic energy Is
klneUc energy. converted to electrical energy in the generator.
gravitational potential energy
(water l . kinetic energy
I water l ~ A hydroelectric dam 一 Most power stations use fuels to generate electricity. Fuels
are also used for heating. cooking and running machines and
vehicles. This source of energy is limited In supply and can
The kinetic energy of the running water turns the turbine. run out.
When the turbine spins, kinetic energy is converted to electrical ~~ 塩~ -~今．
-U
energy In the generator.
紜 ~
.. kinetic energy
. kinetic energy
. electrical energy .. ,.

r
BOm II 鴴 tu ro

.•-~ (waler I I turbine I (generator I ► Power stotion I I aenerotc

.
'
區
electricity
ror~

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圖 ` ~~ ~ － 一 y

rooling water
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Sourcei of energy 41
Search
丨－ ~~ ~ I ►
 。
How is the Sun our main source
of energyr
0 因、－ What are some sources of energy that
will not run out?
What is the role of the Sun
You have leomt that all living things get their energy from in the 呔,ter cycle? Find Fossil fuels to ke millions of years to form. They ore limited in
food. Animals get their energy either directly or Indirectly from out in the theme al Cycles supply ond can rNentually run out.
plants. while plants make their own food using light energy
from the Sun. Therefore. the Sun Is the main source of energy Fortunotely. fossil fuels ore not the only source of energy. We
for all living things. con get energ,/ directly from the Sun. or from wind and running
water. These sources of energ,/ will not run oul
Water on the Earth is heated by the Sun. The
water turns into water vapour that condenses ta

n
form water droplets. The water droplets gather

-
to form clouds. Big droplets of water then fall as

- rain. Some rain is collected In rivers. The energy 氥

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,', -
'
/

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of running water in rivers can then be tapped.

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Fossil fuels such as coal, oil
鼴
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ctz~.:,
,;.. C
and natural gas are formed

了為：
from the remains of plants
and animals. The source of 決心一..rr~'i
the energy stored in these A Plants ore another source of energy that will not run cul Ports
fossil fuels can be traced , , .. . ~ .. nlnn l< I;~., ,…

.
of
nl some
<n mA plants like corn
r n m con be used
rnn ko. - l lo
In produce fuel.
n,....J., _ L ,n l
back to the Sun.
R
．』 ．

■
Sources ol energy that are I面ited in supply and con run out are
col國 non·re.-oblo sources ol enorw Sources of en面 that
do not run out are col區 renewable sou面s of en彧 Using
renewable sources of onerg屮s more environmentally Friendly as
they cause I叫o o, no pollution.
~極ak activity 3. ~

l!8) Energy Sources of• 硒rgy 29

Search
@ 噁匪 胆
 。
W而 do we need to conserve energy? kierJCe <•)
~ -·- .---- －－－－－－－－－－－－－一一一一一一 一一一· -------一 － r- - -- - - ·- -

d痴
.....
To meet the world's growing demand for energy, we need
Just as we need to save
• source of ener叩 ． 心r-「｀
alternative sources of energy. Besides coming up with new • Sun
ways to tap and use these energy sources, we also need to
resources like time, water
。 nd money. we also n函 to
• wind
conseive energy. save energy. Do you have • running water
on energy ron at home • fuels
Here ore some ways to conserve energy.
------.一一一· 玉7:7_ ~--
or in schoo ? Which of
t區 activities shown belaw
do you carry out to 區Ip ------------t~ - ~
conserve -rgy? What other when wed
ideos can you suggest to c~
`I
w.,.i..
save energy? _」-一
Sources of energy a,n help energy
I us lo
T Wollt or ride a bicycle instead of
u,ing other vehicles os transportation •• ,`」

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W.nd Running water
l
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凸
ch {
which has ｀這 `缸:h ha..
l!'fai 丨 」

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ff

So
lor en b B
IGnetic 已 chen.col potential energy
1/ ,
If :j L .~ I

wh
•~- , . .1 w,~ ·ICh i nd {
wluchoan be
COl-1odl0

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l
.

l 三
light enetg\j Heat-叨 Li~energy Heat en硒辺
~ ｀如:h off electrical oppl ionces
when th引 ore not in use.

► Use a fan
instead of on a ir
conditioner to cool
yourself down.
□

•
Saun.u«_., 31

圧c~- 1 匽固 D f:j ~ 30 E ~ ~ 虫 l►
 ~ erpm Q
鼻矗， ，
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量 1.

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Study the sel-(Jp below.

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Fon Pinwheel
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al What causes the pinwheel to tum?
bl State the energy conversion In the set-up above
cl What wtll happen to the pinwheel If the fan turns at a
slower speed? Gardens by the Bay
凸

The Gardens by the Boy is Singopore·s The two domes are deslgned to graw
畫 2. The diagram below shows a burning candle. largest garden pro」 ed. Its features plants from different parts of the wo乩
include 18 tree-like structures called One of them hos a cool and mo澶

勻
Supertrees, which ore mode of st函 environment while the other hos a cool
and concrete. and two huge domes. and cty environment. Electricity Is used
which contain a large variety of plants. to power air conditioners that maintain
the cool environments of the domes.
The Supertrees. ranging in height 痴nt woste from the Gardens. such as
from 25 to SO metres. provide shelter dried leaves and grass cuttings, Is bumt
and shade for visitors. Some of the to run o steam turbine ond generate the
Supertrees are fitted w ith solar cells electricity.
that convert solar energy to electrical
energy, which Is used for a beautiful The Gardens brings together nature and d.
a) State the energy conversion that tokes place In the light display at night technology. It shows us that we con
diagram obCNe. make use of our energy sources wisely.
bl What other fuels con be burnt to provide energy'?
声
Discussion zone
l. Discuss ways the Gardens by the Bay helps to conserve energy
2. List two advantages of using the Sun and plant waste as sources of energy.
3. State the energy conversion when plant waste is used to generate electrlcity.
Mil
l Workbook exercise 3, .

11 ·· E鴴rgy Sc,c,nce today 0

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匽匽 尹 ~ ~ ...
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vre护 como, from wh;ch ~ • 瞬如n .."
Source, •
i心心 • Wind
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。nd whon wo
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WO E辶_, 丶
• Running water
• Fuel,
, Con汜rve energy
con be chongod from Energy ConV<)r>1on
ono form lo o nolhor 切

Heat ene屯U Electrical 砸噸」

Kinetic energy PotentJol energy

I I 、 l I
which wh;ch is '
which hw iomu 1uch a,

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which coma mainly from

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Found in Chemical potent,al Elmtlc potcnuof 碩呣,/ >to<
moving th~ energy ~tor函 fn food, I ~0磷In objech e徊cbonds o惡
In ,tretchoo
which is 0batteries and fuels J 転,gr亟 comp心驱」叩,ngs

Our pri mary sourt:e of ene唧 wh,ch

Objects reRect light l Travels from o hotter can ocn,1; cannot oas,I,,,
which
ob」ect to o colder ob.iect pau thro屯h p0U through

==
which ~ -whon I -
~
~

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unt,Iboth ob」oct.s
which i,
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「——- 、
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「each tho'°""'
°'heat ' Poor CO(><MtOt丶
cl hoot
I
which lo區 in i When b\0<
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, shade,,」sl I but not wh;ch ;, ll\00.lured ,n

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• A l)qu;d lo clio~!Jll loo~l ,d
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• Mot區 to expand • Motter to contrnc\

34 Energi, Bird's eye view 35

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