18.

5 Molecular Properties and Acid Strength

-
Acid Strength of Nonmetal Hydrides : -0 Do
electronegativity of central nonmetal IE)

2 main factors that determine how easily a proton is released a.

strength of the E -

H bond

* bond strength decreases as acidity increases

Acid Strength of Oxo acids a

electronegativity of CE)
- : -

-
o .
:
only oxoacids

all oxo acids have an acidic H atom bonded to an O wlsamee # of O atoms ,

acid strength
so bond length Is not involved increases w/ electronegativity

Go #
oxygen atoms around ( E ) only
of :
the more O atoms present the greater the
*
oxo acids w/ different # of 0
,

shift in electron density and easier for Ht off acid ,

strength increases w/ # of O atoms

,

Acidity of Hydrated Metal Ions : -

on

aqueous solutions of certain metal Ions are acidic

b/c the hydrated metal ion transfers Ht to water *
a
the higher the
metal ion the
charge
more acidic
on
,

donates M accepts M
p q
- - -

M ( NO 3) n Cs) M ( H2O) xn Laa) NO 5 ( ag)

'
H2O (H
-

x o t n
x -

"
hydrated
Bronsted-lowryacldb.tl
* cation ,
MIHO) × becomes a
" "
Tag
"
0+199
( H2O ) , H2O (1) MI Hz 01×-1 OH ) H, )
-

lag) + F t

i. To T t
EIXAMPLE :
donates a Ht accepts Ht ble donated ble accepted

the hydrated Al
"
Ion is small
and highly charged and pulls
electron from O H bonds
density -

so an H Ion can be transferred

'

to a nearby water molecule

-
A

18.6 Weak Bases and Their Relation to

numerous---f-
Weak Acids
Bronsted -

Lowry definition of a weak base :

o
to accept a proton , a base needs only a lone electron pair

y.B.la
'
) BI laal
at
Ifill OH lag) Base Dissociation constant
-

+ E +

accepts Fales
CBHTJLOHTCB
weak base donates It proton OH Kb
-

Ion =

]
-
Pkb
pkb = -

log Kb and 10 = Kb
* no base dissociates !
* Stronger base - a
Higher [OH ] -

- a
larger Kb ( lower pkb)
 2 Large classes of Weak Bases
1. Ammonia is the simplest N -

containing Kb = 1.76×10
's

NHS 199) H2O ID NH , lag) OH gag,

' -

t E +

18.11 :
Determining pH from Kb and Initial CB]
•
Dimethylamine ICHI NH , ,
a key intermediate in detergent manufacture ,
has a

Kb of 5.9×10-4 .
What Is the pH of 1.5M ICH ,)zNH ?

( CHS)zNHz+ lag) lag)

-

(CHS) NH lag) z
t HOLD = + OH

1.5M
-

O O
-

-
X + X 1- X
-

1. SM -
X t X +
X

Kb = XI 5.9 × 10-4 -
-
XI X =
0.0297 =
( CH,)zNHi
'

1.SM X -
1.5M
check assumption :

"
V
'

[ Its = =
3.37×10 M 0.029714-0100 = 2 Yo
1. 5M

pH = -

log [3.37×10-13]=12.447

18.11A
o
Pyridine ( Cs HSN) serves as a solvent and manya base in organic syntheses .
It has a

Pkb of 8.77 . What is the pH of 0.10M pyridine ?

"

Cs Hs Ncaa) Hz 011) Cs Hy NH 199) OH lag)

-

t E -1

Kb
0.1¥
=

0.10M -
O O
""
-
X -
+x tx pkb =
8.77 = 10 = I 70
.
x 10-9 M

0.10M -
X -
X X
1. 70×10-9
S
( 0.10141
-

=
XL X -

-
1.30×10
"
(Cs HSN] CHOI
[1,0%4.2]
-

0.10M =
= =
7.70×10 M

"

M)
-

pH = -

log 17.70×10 =

18.1113
°
The weak basse amphetamine Colts CH CH ( CHS) MHz is a stimulant used to treat
.

narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder What is the pH of 0.075M amphetamine ?

.

'S
' Kb = 6.3×10
Ca Hs CH ( CHS ) MHz ( aa) Cutts CHCH ,) NH , Laa)
-

HOLD E OH lag)
-

+ +

0.075M -
O O -
"

pH = -

log 14.61×10 )
X + X + ×
pH=ll.34T
- -

s
10-3
"
-

o!÷ 2.17
-

6. 3×10 [Hoot] 4.61×10

z.kgy.gg
= X -

- x - =