Web Programming

Chapter Five

Server Side Scripting

part
By Tesfahun
I
 Outline
❖ Basic PHP Syntax

❖ Variables in PHP

❖ PHP Output Statements

❖ Conditional and Loop Statements

❖ Arrays and Functions in PHP

❖ Form Processing using PHP

 what is PHP?
✓ PHP is an acronym for Hypertext Preprocessor"

✓PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language

✓It is executed on the server

✓It is used to manage dynamic content, databases,

session tracking
 why we learn PHP
✓PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux,

Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

✓PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today

(Apache, IIS, etc.)

✓ PHP supports a wide range of databases

✓PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the
server side
 What Can PHP Do?
✓ It generate dynamic page content

✓ It able create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on

the server

✓ It is able to collect data from the form

✓ Its able to send and receive cookies

✓ Its able to add, delete, modify data in your database

✓ To control user-access

✓ To encrypt data
 Basic PHP Syntax
✓A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the
document.

✓A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:

✓file extension for PHP files is ".php".

<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>
 Output Variables in PHP
❖The PHP echo statement is often used to output
data to the screen.

❖The print statement can be used with or without

parentheses: print or print().

<?php
echo “well came to study php“;

print "Hello world!<br>";

?>
example
<?php

echo "Hello World!";

?>
 PHP comments
❖ <?php
// This is a single-line comment

# This is also a single-line comment

/*
This is a multiple-lines comment
block that spans over multiple
lines
*/
?>
 variables in PHP
❖in PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the
name of the variable

❖A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore

character

❖A variable name cannot start with a number

❖A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters

and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

❖Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and $AGE are two

different variables)
example
<?php
$name = "Hello world!";
$-a = 5;
$y = 10.5;
?>
 PHp operator
✓ Arithmetic operators

✓Assignment operators

✓Comparison operators

✓Increment/Decrement operators

✓Logical operators

✓String operators

✓Array operators

✓Conditional assignment operators

Conditional assignment operators
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 20;
/* If condition is true then assign a to result otheriwse b */
$result = ($a > $b ) ? $a :$b;
echo "TEST1 : Value of result is $result<br/>";
/* If condition is true then assign a to result otheriwse b */
$result = ($a < $b ) ? $a :$b;
echo "TEST2 : Value of result is $result<br/>";
?>
 PHP Conditional Statements
✓ PHP - The if Statement
✓The if statement executes some code if one
condition is true.

if (condition)

{
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
 example
<?php
$x = 5;

if ($x < "10")

{

echo "well came!";

?>
 PHP - The if...else Statement
✓The if...else statement executes some code if a condition is
true and another code if that condition is false.

✓ Syntax

if (condition) {

code to be executed if condition is true;

} else {

code to be executed if condition is false;

}
 example
<?php
$x = 5;
if ($x < "10") {
echo “the number is less than 10!";
}
else {
echo “the number is less than 5!";
}
?>
 The PHP switch Statement
✓ Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of
code to be executed.

✓ Syntax
switch (n) {
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2;
break;
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}
 example
✓ <?php
$color = “yellow";
switch ($color) {
case “pink":
echo "Your favorite color is pink!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>
 PHP Loops
✓ In PHP, we have the following loop types:

✓ while - loops through a block of code as long as the

specified condition is true

✓ do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then

repeats the loop as long as the specified condition is true

✓ for - loops through a block of code a specified number of

times

✓ foreach - loops through a block of code for each element

in an array
 while Loop
✓The while loop executes a block of code as long as
the specified condition is true.

Syntax

while (condition) {

code to be executed;

}
 example
<?php
$num=1;

while($num<=5)

echo $num;

$num++;

?>
✓ The PHP do...while Loop
✓The do...while loop will always execute the block of code
once, it will then check the condition, and repeat the loop
while the specified condition is true.
Syntax

do {

code to be executed;

} while (condition is true);

 example
<?php
$num=1;
do{
echo $num;
$num++;
}
while($num<=6)
?>
 The PHP for Loop
✓The for loop is used when you know in advance how
many times the script should run.

Syntax

for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)

code to be executed for each iteration;

}
 example
✓ <?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
echo "The number is: $x <br>";

}
?>
 The PHP foreach Loop
✓The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is used
to loop through each key/value pair in an array.

Syntax

foreach ($array as $value) {

code to be executed;

}
✓ <?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue",
"yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value <br>";
}
?>
 PHP Arrays
❖An array stores multiple values in one single
variable

Example

<?php
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
echo "I like " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[1] . "
and " . $cars[2] . ".";

?>
 types of array
✓ indexed

✓ Associative

✓ PHP - Two-dimensional Arrays

 PHP - Multidimensional Arrays
✓A multidimensional array is an array containing one
or more arrays.

✓PHP supports multidimensional arrays that are

two, three, four, five, or more levels deep.
However, arrays more than three levels deep are
hard to manage for most people
 example
$cars = array (

array("Volvo",22,18),

array("BMW",15,13),

array("Saab",5,2),

);

echo $cars[0][0].": In stock: ".$cars[0][1].", sold: ".$cars[0][2].".<br>";

echo $cars[1][0].": In stock: ".$cars[1][1].", sold: ".$cars[1][2].".<br>";

echo $cars[2][0].": In stock: ".$cars[2][1].", sold: ".$cars[2][2].".<br>";

?>
 PHP function
Syntax
function functionName()
{
code to be executed;
}
Example
<?php
function writeMsg() {
echo "Hello world!";
}
writeMsg();
?>
 PHP Form Processing
✓Controls used in forms: Form processing contains
a set of controls through which the client and
server can communicate and share information.

✓All the form controls is designed by using the

input tag based on the type attribute of the tag.
 cont..
✓ PHP methods and arrays used in form processing are:
✓$_GET[]: It is used the retrieve the information from the
form control through the parameters sent in the URL. It
takes the attribute given in the url as the parameter.

✓$_POST[]: It is used the retrieve the information from

the form control through the HTTP POST method. IT
takes name attribute of corresponding form control as the
parameter.
 cont…
✓isset(): This function is used to determine
whether the variable or a form control is having a
value or not.

✓$_REQUEST[]: It is used to retrieve an

information while using a database.
 PHP File Upload
➢Database are the common means of storing data But
data can be store in Word documents, spreadsheets, image
files, and so on.

➢Databases generally require a special query language to

retrieve information, whereas files are ‘flat’ and usually
appear as a stream of text.

➢Since PHP is a server side programming language, it allows

you to work with files and directories stored on the web
server.
 Working with Files in PHP
✓In PHP there are some built-in wrapper functions
that helps to perform fill operation.

✓Most often when working with files you’ll read

from or write to them.

✓To perform (r and w) operation firs the file

should be open or created

✓Finally close the file when you have finished.

 cont…
❖ To work with a file you first need to open the file.

❖ The PHP fopen() function is used to open a file.

❖The basic syntax of this function can be given with

fopen(filename, mode)

❖It requires two arguments.

✓ The first parameter of fopen() contains the name of the file to be
opened
✓second parameter specifies in which mode the file should be
opened(r,w,a…).
Example 1
<?php
$myfile = fopen( “test.tx “r” , ) or
t"
die("Unable to open file!");
// some cod….
?>
The name of the specifies in which mode
file the file should be
opened.

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 40
PHP Write File - fwrite()
❖ The PHP fwrite() function is used to write content of the
string into file.
example
<?php

$file = fopen("f.txt", "w" );

fwrite( $file, “ well came to fill ...\n" );

fclose( $file );

?>
 FILE_EXISTS() FUNCTION
❖If you try to open a file that doesn't exist, PHP will
generate a warning message.
❖To avoid these error messages you should always
implement PHP file_exists() function.
<?php
$file = "data.txt";
// Check the existence of file
if(file_exists($file))
{ // Attempt to open the file
$handle = fopen($file, "r");
}
else
{ echo "ERROR: File does not exist."; }
?>
 PHP Close File - fclose()
❖ The fclose() function is used to close an open file.
❖It's a good programming practice to close all files after
you have finished with them.

❖The fclose() requires the name of the file (or a variable

that holds the filename) we want to close:
<?php
$myfile = fopen(“test.txt", "r");
// some code to be executed....
fclose($myfile);
?>
 Reading from Files with PHP fread() Function
❖ The fread() function used to reads from an open file.
❖ This function has two parameter
❖ The first parameter name of the file to be read
❖second parameter specifies the maximum number of bytes to
read.
Syntax : fread(file, length in bytes)
❖ The following PHP code reads the “test.txt" file to the
end:
<?php
$myfile = fopen(“test.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!");
echo fread($myfile, filesize(“test.txt"));
?>
the name of the fiSleet By:-Tesfahun Nm. aximum number of bytes to read. 44
PHP Check End-Of-File - feof()
❖ The feof() function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been reached.

❖ The feof() function is useful for looping through data of unknown length.

❖ The example below reads the “test.txt" file line by line, until end-of-file
is reached:
❖ Example
<?php
$myfile = fopen(“test.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!");
// Output one line until end-of-file
while(!feof($myfile))
{
echo fgets($myfile) . "<br>";
}
fclose($myfile);
?>
PHP Read Single Character - fgetc()
❖ The fgetc() function is used to read a single character from a file.
Example
<?php
$myfile = fopen(“test.txt", "r") or
die("Unable to open file!");
// Output one character until end-of-
file while(!feof($myfile))
{
echo fgetc($myfile);
}
fclose($myfile);
?>
PHP Write file append
❖Appending a File:- is a process that involves adding new data
elements to an existing file

<?php
$fp = fopen('f.txt', 'a');//opens file in append mode

fwrite($fp, ' this is additional text ');

fwrite($fp, 'appending data');

fclose($fp);

echo "File appended successfully";

?>
File Attributes
➢File Size:-The function filesize() retrieves the
size of the file in bytes.
EXAMPLE
<?php
$f = "C:\Windows\win.ini";
$size = filesize($f);
echo $f . " is " . $size . " bytes.";
?>
When executed, the example code displays:
C:\Windows\win.ini is 92 bytes.

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 48
 File History
➢ To determine when a file was
✓ last accessed=> fileatime()
✓ modified=>filemtime(),
✓Changed =>filectime().,
<?php
$dateFormat = "D d M Y g:i A";
$f = "C:\Windows\win.ini";
$atime = fileatime($f);
$mtime = filemtime($f);
$ctime = filectime($f);
echo $f . " was accessed on " . date($dateFormat, $atime) . ".<br>";
echo $f . " was modified on " . date($dateFormat, $mtime) . ".<br>";
echo $f . " was changed on " . date($dateFormat, $ctime) . ".";
?>

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 49
File Permissions
➢ Before working with a file you may want to check whether it is
readable or writeable to the process.

➢ For this you’ll use the functions is_readable() and

is_writeable():
<?php

$f = "f.txt";

echo $f .(is_readable($f)?"is":"is not").“ readable.<br>";

echo $f .(is_writable($f)?"is":"is not") . " writeable.";

?> Set By:-Tesfahun N. 50

 Working with CSV Files

❖ The fputcsv() function formats a line as CSV and writes

it to an open file.
<?php
$f = fopen("stud.csv", “r");
$newFields = array(array("Tom", "Jones", 36,
"Accountant"), array("Brenda", "Collins", 34,
"Engineer")); foreach($newFields as $fields)
{ fputcsv($f, $fields);
}
fclose($f);// The file must have been opened by fopen() or fsockopen().
?>

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 51
Reading of csv files
<?php
$f="stud.csv";
$fi = fopen($f, "r");
while ($record = fgetcsv($fi))
{
foreach($record as $field)
{
echo $field . "<br>";
}
}
fclose($f);
?>

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 52
 Directories
➢The directory functions allow you to retrieve
information about directories and their contents.

✓ basename():- Function returns the filename .

✓dirname() :-Function is essentially to providing the

directory component of path.

✓ extension():- used to return the file extension

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 53
Example
<?php
$pathinfo= pathinfo("C:/xampp/htdocs/ip/f.txt");
echo "Dir name: $pathinfo[dirname]<br />\n";
echo "Base name: $pathinfo[basename] <br />\n";
echo "Extension: $pathinfo[extension] <br />\n";
?>
Output

Set By:-Tesfahun N. 54
Part II
.....
Objective
PHP Cookies and Session

✓ Database Programming using PHP

▪ Overview on MySQL database

▪ Creating Database Connection in PHP

▪ Sending Query to MySQL Database using PHP

▪ Processing Query Result.

✓ PHP File Input-Output

✓ PHP Date and Time
✓ PHP Mathematical Functions
✓ PHP OOP
 PHP Cookies and Session
What is Cookie?

❖ A cookie is a small file with the maximum size of 4KB that

the web server stores on the client computer

❖ Once a cookie has been set, all page requests that follow
return the cookie name and value.

❖ A cookie can only be read from the domain that it has been
issued from.
 Creating Cookies
❖ Let’s now look at the basic syntax used to create a cookie.

<?php

setcookie(cookie_name, cookie_value,
[expiry_time], [cookie_path], [domain], [secure],
[httponly]);

?>
 Cont..
❖ Php“setcookie” is the PHP function used to create the cookie.

❖“cookie_name” is the name of the cookie that the server will use
when retrieving its value from the $_COOKIE array variable. It’s
mandatory.

❖ “cookie_value” is the value of the cookie and its mandatory

❖ “[expiry_time]” is optional; it can be used to set the expiry time

❖ “[cookie_path]” is optional; it can be used to set the cookie path on

the server.
 Cont..
❖ “[domain]” is optional, it can be used to define the
cookie access hierarchy i.e. www.cookiedomain.com
❖“[secure]” is optional, the default is false. It is used
to determine whether the cookie is sent via https if
it is set to true or http if it is set to false.

❖“[Httponly]” is optional. If it is set to true, then only

client side scripting languages i.e. JavaScript cannot
access them.
 Retrieving the Cookie value
❖ Create another file named “cookies_read.php” with the
following code.
<?php
print_r($_COOKIE); //output the contents of the cookie
array variable
?>
Output:
Array ( [PHPSESSID] => h5onbf7pctbr0t68adugdp2611
[user_name] => Guru99 )
 Delete Cookies
❖If you want to destroy a cookie before its expiry time, then
you set the expiry time to a time that has already passed.

❖Create a new filed named cookie_destroy.php with the

following code

<?php
setcookie("user_name", "Guru99", time() - 360,'/');
?>
 What is a Session?
❖ A session is a global variable stored on the server.

❖ Each session is assigned a unique id which is used to retrieve

stored values.

❖Whenever a session is created, a cookie containing the unique

session id is stored on the user’s computer and returned with
every request to the server.

❖If the client browser does not support cookies, the unique php
session id is displayed in the URL
Cont..
❖Sessions have the capacity to store relatively larger than
cookies.

❖The session values are automatically deleted when the

browser is closed.

❖ to is possible store the values permanently in the database

❖Just like the $_COOKIE array variable, session variables

are stored in the $_SESSION array variable.

❖Just like cookies, the session must be started before any

HTML tags.
 Why and when to use Sessions?
❖You want to store important information such as the user id
more securely on the server where malicious users cannot
temper with them.

❖ You want to pass values from one page to another.

❖You want the alternative to cookies on browsers that do not

support cookies.

❖You want to store global variables in an efficient and more

secure way compared to passing them in the URL
 Creating a Session
❖In order to create a session, you must first call the PHP
session_start function and then store your values in the
$_SESSION array variable.

❖ Let’s suppose we want to know the number of times that a

page has been loaded, we can use a session to do that.

❖The code below shows how to create and retrieve values

from sessions
 Cont..
<?php
session_start(); //start the PHP_session function
if(isset($_SESSION['page_count']))
{
$_SESSION['page_count'] += 1;
}
else
{ $_SESSION['page_count'] = 1;}
echo 'You are visitor number ' . $_SESSION['page_count'];
?>
Destroying Session Variables
❖The session_destroy() function is used to destroy the
whole Php session variables.

❖If you want to destroy only a session single item, you use
the unset() function.

❖ The code below illustrates how to use both methods.

<?php
session_destroy(); //destroy entire session
?>
 PHP MySQL Database
❖ With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate databases.

❖MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.

❖The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables.

❖A table is a collection of related data, and it consists of

columns and rows

 What is MySQL?
❖ MySQL is a database system used on the web

❖ MySQL is a database system that runs on a server

❖ MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications

❖ MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use

❖ MySQL uses standard SQL

❖ MySQL compiles on a number of platforms

❖ MySQL is free to download and use

Cont..
❖ The ways of working with PHP and MySQL:
1. MySQLi (object-oriented)
2. MySQLi (procedural)
3. PDO
Steps to access MySQL database from PHP page

1. Create connection
2. Select a database to use
3. Send query to the database
4. Retrieve the result of the query
5. Close the connection
Create Connection to MySQL server
❖Before we can access data in the MySQL
database, we need to be able to connect to the
server:

❖The way of connection to the server and Databse

1. MySQLi Object-Oriented
2. MySQLi Procedural
3. PHP Data Objects (PDO)
 MySQLi Object-Oriented
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$un = "root";
$pass = "";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $un, $pass);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn-
>connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
 Example (MySQLi Procedural)
<?php
$sn = "localhost";
$un = "root";
$pas = "";
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($sn, $un, $pas);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " .
mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully by using pros";
?>
 Example (PDO)
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername", $username, $password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
echo "Connected successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
Closing a connection Using PHP Script
❖ You can disconnect from MySQL database anytime using
another PHP function takes a single parameter which is a
connection returned by mysql_connect() function.

Syntax:
mysql_close(resource $link_identifier);
➢ If a resource is not specified then last opened database is
closed.

➢ This function returns true if it closes connection

successfully otherwise it returns false.
Clothing connection
<?php
$conn = new
mysqli("localhost",“un",“pas“) if ($mysqli
-> connect_error)

{
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . $mysqli -
> connect_error;
exit();
}
$conn -> close();
 Creating Database Connection in PHP OOP
• The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database
in MySQL.
// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE wku";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE)
{
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
Example (MySQLi Procedural)
// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE wku";
if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql))
{
echo "Database created successfully";
}
else {
echo "Error creating database: " .
mysqli_error($conn);
}
 Drop Database using PHP Script
Note:- While deleting a database using PHP script, it does not
prompt you for any confirmation. So be careful while deleting a
MySql database.

Syntax
$sql = 'DROP DATABASE wku’;
$qury = $mysqli->query ($conn, $sql );
if(! $qury )
{
die('Could not delete database: ' . mysqli_error());
}
81
 Selecting MySQL Database Using PHP Script
❖Once you get connection with MySQL server, it is required
to select a particular database to work with.

❖This is because there may be more than one database

available with MySQL Server.

❖PHP provides function mysql_select_db to select a database.

❖ It returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

82
Cont..
Syntax:

mysql_select_db(db_name, connection);
Where
✓ db_name:-Required - MySQL Database name to be
selected

✓ Connection:-Optional - if not specified then last opened

connection by mysql_connect will be used.
Example

<?php
include connection.php’;
$conn = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysqli_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully’;
mysqli_select_db( ‘wku’ );//data base is selected
84
mysqli_close($conn);
?>
Creating table
❖Create a MySQL Table Using MySQLi
and PDO

❖The CREATE TABLE statement is used

to create a table in MySQL
 Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)
// sql to create table
$sql = "CREATE TABLE stud (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50) )";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE)

{
echo "Table wku created successfully";
}
else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn-
>error;
}
 Example (MySQLi Procedural)
/ sql to create table
$sql = "CREATE TABLE wku (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY
KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50), )";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Table wku created successfully";
}
else
{
echo "Error creating table: " .
mysqli_error($conn);
}
dropping table (reading assignment )

Drop table stud

 PHP MySQL Insert Data
• After a database and a table have been created, we can start
adding data in them.
• Here are some syntax rules to follow:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1,

column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
 Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username,
$password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn-
>connect_error);
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO stud (firstname,
lastname, email)
if ($conn->query($sql)
VALUES === TRUE) {
('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')";
echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
 Example (MySQLi Procedural)
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username,
$password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " .
mysqli_connect_error());
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname,
lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe',
'john@example.com')"; if
(mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>"
. mysqli_error($conn);
Insert the data from HTML form
❖In real application, all the values will be taken using HTML form
and then those values will be captured using PHP script and
finally they will be inserted into MySql tables.

<form action="" method="POST">

Name <input type="text" name="name">

age <input type="text" name="age">

<input type="submit" name="submit">

</form>
 Cont..
<?php
$server = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = “wku";
$con = mysqli_connect($server, $username,
$password); if(!$con){
echo "Error : ".mysqli_error();
return;
}
$db =
mysqli_select_db($database,$con);
if(!$db)
{echo "Error :
".mysqli_error(); return;}
Cont.
<?php

if(isset($_POST['submit']))

$name = $_POST["name"];

$age = $_POST["age"];

mysqli_query("insert into employee (name,age) value

('$name','$age') ")or die(mysql_error());

?>
 Getting Data From MySql Database
❖ Data can be fetched from MySQL tables by executing SQL SELECT statement through

PHP function mysql_query().

➢ mysql_query() returns a result set of the query if the SQL statement is SELECT

➢ mysql_num_rows($result) : returns the number of rows found by a query

➢ mysql_fetch_row($result): returns a row as an array containing each field in the

row. It returns false when it reaches the end

➢ mysql_fetch_array($result): returns a row as an indexed array(numerical array)

just like mysql_fetch_row() and an associative array, with the names of the fields

as the keys.

❖ You have several options to fetch data from MySQL.

❖ The most frequently used option is to use function mysql_fetch_array()

Getting Data From MySql Database: Example

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser,
$dbpass); if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT id, name, salary FROM
employee'; mysql_select_db(‘wku');
$result = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
96
Getting Data From MySql Database: Example

if(! $ result )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result,
MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo “id:{$row[‘id']} <br> ".
“name: {$row[‘name']} <br> ".
“salary: {$row['salary']}<br>";
" <br> ".
}
echo "Fetched data
successfully\n"; 97

mysql_close($conn);
 Getting Data From MySql Database: Example

❖ NOTE: Always remember to put curly brackets when you want

to insert an array value directly into a string.

❖ In above example the constant MYSQL_ASSOC is used as the

second argument to mysql_fetch_array()

❖ so that it returns the row as an associative array. With an

associative array you can access the field by using their name
instead of using the index.

❖ PHP provides another function called mysql_fetch_assoc()

98

which also returns the row as an associative array.

Getting Data From MySql Database: Example

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT id, name, salary FROM employee';
mysql_select_db(‘wku'); 99

$result = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );

Getting Data From MySql Database: Example

if(! $result )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
echo "EMP ID :{$row[‘id']} <br> ".
"EMP NAME : {$row[‘name']} <br> ".
"EMP SALARY : {$row['salary']} <br> ".
" <br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
100
 Getting Data From MySql Database: Example

<?php
include(“conn.php");
mysql_select_db(“MyDB”,$conn);
$sql=“select * from employee”;
$result = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
If(!$result)
die(“Unable to
query:”.mysql_err());
while($row=mysql_fetch_row($result)){
for($i=0;$i<count($row);$i++)
print “$row[$i]”;
print”<br>”;
}
mysql_close($link);
?>
Reading Assignment

❖PHP Date and Time

❖PHP Mathematical Functions

Part III
….
PHP OOP
Thanks
?