1. Which one of the following is not correct about bacterial vaginosis?

a. This is the most common (50%) cause of vaginal complaints in the United States
Gardnerella vaginalis
b. It is not sexually transmitted, but it is associated with sexual activity.
c. It is sexually transmitted and it is associated with sexual activity.
d. The most common patient complaint is a fishy odor.

2. Triad for bacterial vaginosis?

1. clue cells on wet mount
2. Vaginal discharge pH > 4.5
3. Fishy odor
4. Vaginal pH< 4.5
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,4 c. 1,2 d. 3,4

3. Which of the following describes trichomonas vaginitis?

1. This is the most common cause of vaginal complaints worldwide and is the second most
common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. It is caused by a flagellated
pear-shaped protozoan that can reside asymptomatically in male seminal fluid.
2. The most common patient complaint is vaginal discharge associated with itching, burning,
and pain with intercourse.
3. Vaginal discharge is typically frothy and green. The vaginal epithelium is frequently
edematous and inflamed.
4. The erythematous cervix may demonstrate the characteristic “strawberry” appearance.
Vaginal pH is elevated >4.5.

a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2 c. 2,3,4 d. 1,2,3,4

4. Triad for Trichomasis?

1. Vaginal discharge pH>4.5
2. Itching and burning
3. <<Strawberry>> cervix
4. Vaginal pH<4.5
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,2,3 d. 2,3

5. Which of the following describes Candida Vaginitis?

1. The most common organism is Candida albicans. It is transmitted sexually.
2. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, systemic antibiotics, pregnancy, obesity and
decreased immunity
3. The most common patient complaint is itching, burning, and pain with intercourse.
 4. Vaginal discharge is typically curdy and white. The vaginal epithelium is frequently
edematous and inflamed.
5. Vaginal pH is normal <4.5
a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 2,3,4,5 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,3,5

6. Triad for Candida Vaginitis?

1. Vaginal discharge pH < 4.5

2. Itching and buring
3. Pseudohyphea
4. <<Strawberry>> cervix
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2,3,4 c. 2,3,4 d. 2,3

7.Which of the following correct about allergic vulvovaginitis?

1. may affect all age groups, but are especially common in prepubescent girls
2. Clinical features are pruritus, redness, swelling, burning sensation
3. Treatment is avoid irritants and soothing lotions, ice packs, and sitz baths (e.g., containing
chamomile)
4. Etiology factors are allergies to laundry or cleaning detergents, textile fibers, sanitary napkins,
etc.
a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3 c. 1,4 d. 1,2,3,4

8. What are the clinical features of mechanical vulvovaginitis?

1. Pruritus
2. Redness
3. Hectic fever
4. Dysuria, dyspareunia
5. Metrorragia
a. 1,2,4 b. 1,2,3,4,5 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,2,5

9. What are the risk factors of pelvic inflammatory disease?

1. Having multiple sexual partners, unprotected sex

2. Having a history of pelvic inflammatory disease or a sexually transmitted infection
3. Having intrauterine devices
4. Vaginal dysbiosis
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2 c. 1,4 d. 1,2,3,4
10. What are the clinical features of pelvic inflammatory disease?

1. Lower abdominal pain (generally bilateral), which may progress to acute abdomen
2. Fever
3. Dysuria, Dyspareunia
4. Menorrhagia, metrorrhagia
5. Abnormal vaginal discharge
a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 1,4,5 c. 1,2,5 d. 4,5

11. Which one of the following is not correct for cervicitis?

a. inflamation of cervix
b. clinical features are usually high fever
c. etiology factors are C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhea
d. clinical features are vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, lower abdominal pain
e. Antibiotics are used to treat

12. Which one of the following is correct for HPV?

1. most commen sexually transmitted infection

2. Clinical features are pruritus, tenderness, bleeding, but often asymptomatic
3. Diagnostics metods are visual inspection and application of 5% acetic acid turns lesions white
(not a specific finding)
4. treatment are local cytostatics and immune response modifiers
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 2,3,4 d. 2,4

13. What are the most sexually transmitted infections?

1. Syphilis
2. chlamydia
3. trichomoniasis
4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
5. hepatitis B
a.1,2,3,4,5 b. 1,2,3 c. 4,5 d. 1,2,4

14. What is the pathogen in syphilis?

a. Treponema pallidum
b. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
c. Chlamydia trachomatis
d. HPV
15. What are the symptoms of syphilis?

1. Small, painless open sore or ulcer (called a chancre) on the genitals, mouth, skin, or
rectum that heals by itself in 3 to 6 weeks
2. Enlarged lymph nodes in the area of the sore.
3. weight loss.
4. headaches.
5. fever.
a. 1,2 b. 3,4 c. 3,4,5 d. 1,2,3,4,5

16. which symptom of the following is not correct about secondary syphilis?

a. weight loss.
b. headaches.
c. fever.
d. Small, painless open sore or ulcer (called a chancre) on the genitals, mouth, skin, or rectum
e. sore throat.

17. What is the primary lesion of primary syphilis?

1. Typically starts out as a solitary, raised papule (usually on the genitals)

2. Evolves into a painless, firm ulcer with indurated borders and smooth base
3. Resolves spontaneously within 3–6 weeks, typically without scarring
4. painful, ulcerated lesion on the genitals.
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,3,4 d. 1,2

18. which one of the following is correct about secondary syphilis?

1. Begins approx. 8–12 weeks after primary infection and typically lasts 2–6 weeks
2. Constitutional symptoms are generalized nontender lymphadenopathy, fever, fatigue,
myalgia, headach
3. Polymorphic rash (Typically disseminated, nonpruritic macular or papular rash)
4. Polymorphic rash heals within 6 months, but may recur
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 2,3,4

19. Which of the following is a characteristic of herpes simplex virus?

1. Herpes simplex virus infections may be caused by two virus genotypes: herpes simplex virus
type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
 2. Primary infection is Mostly asymptomatic (up to 80% of cases, but virus is still shed). If
symptomatic, the infection is often sudden and severe with systemic symptoms
(e.g., fever, malaise, myalgias, and headaches)
3. Depending on the site, type, and severity of HSV-1 infection, antiviral drugs are administered
either topically or systemically.
4. Early treatment of herpes infections is essential to prevent complications because antiviral
drugs only inhibit the virus during its replication phase!
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 2,3,4 d. 2,4

20. Uterine leiomyoma……

1. A benign, hormone-sensitive smooth muscle tumor of the uterus

2. Can be submucosal, intramural, or subserosal
3. Arises from a single myometrial cell (monoclonal growth)
4. Leiomyomas are classified according to their location within the uterus: subserosal
leiomyoma,intramural leiomyoma,submucosal leiomyoma, diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 2,3,4 d. 1,3,4

21. Clinical features of leiomyoma are….

1. Hypermenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia (possibly associated anemia),

2. Dysmenorrhea
3. Back or pelvic pain/discomfort
4. Dyspareunia
a. 1,2,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,3

22. What is correct about endometrial hyperplasia?

1. increased estrogen stimulation leads to excessive proliferation of the endometrium

2. Clinical features are vaginal bleeding intermenstrual, postmenopausal, or constant bleeding
3. Diagnosis metods are ultrasonography, hysteroscopy or blind endometrial biopsy, laboratory
measures (FSH, estradiol, testosterone)
4. Clinical features are fever, weight loss, fatigue
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,2 d. 1,3,4

23. Endometriosis……

1. Endometriosis is a common, benign, and chronic disease in women of reproductive age that is
characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
 2. Endometriosis tends to recur, but symptoms and disease spread improve after pregnancy in
many cases, as well as in menopause.
3. Clinical features are chronic pelvic pain that worsens before the onset of menses, dyspareunia,
infertility
4. Complications are anemia, elevated risk of ectopic pregnancy, elevated risk of ovarian cancer
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,3

24. Which one of the following is NOT correct?

a. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs within the ovary. The most common types are
functional follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, and theca lutein cysts, which all develop as part
of the menstrual cycle and are usually harmless and resolve on their own.
b. Clinical features of Ruptured ovarian cyst are sudden-onset unilateral lower abdominal pain,
possible nausea and vomiting
c. Risk factors for developing ovarian cancer include genetic predisposition
(e.g., BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation) and hormonal factors
d. The most common malignant tumor of the ovaries is ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs within the
ovary, which primarily affects older women (median age of diagnosis is 63 years).

25. What is the best treatment for metrorrhagia?

1. NSAIDs
2. Oral progesterone
3. Hormonal IUD (Mirena, Liletta, others)
4. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 2,3 c. 2,3,4 d. 1,4

26. What are the signs and symptoms of metrorrhagia?

1. bleeding longer than 1 week

2. Abdominal pain
3. cramping, bloating, headache,
4. back pain during menstruation
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 1,2,4 d. 2,4

27. Dysmenorrhea….

1. Dysmenorrhea is characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain during your
period.
 2. Dysmenorrhea may be primary, existing from the beginning of periods, or secondary, due to an
underlying condition.
3. Symptoms of dysmenorrhea may include cramping or pain in the lower abdomen, low back
pain, pain spreading down the legs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, fainting, or
headaches.
4. Dysmenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,3 c. 1.2 d. 1,2,3

28. Amenorrhea….

1. Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstrual periods

2. The most common cause is hormone disruption, which can be due to emotional stress, extreme
weight loss, excessive exercise or certain reproductive disorders
3. Risk factors for amenorrhea include excessive exercise, obesity, eating disorders, a family
history of amenorrhea or early menopause, and genetic changes
4. Amenorrhea is characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain during your
period
a. 1,2,3 b. 1,2,3,4 c. 2,3,4 d. 1,3

29. Abnormalities of menstrual cycle are…

1. Dysmenorrhea
2. Menorrhagia
3. Amenorrhea
4. Oligomenorrhea
a. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 c. 2,3,4 d. 2,4

30. What is the cause of primary amenorrhea?

1. Hypothalamic and pituitary disease

2. Turner syndrome
3. Polycystic ovary syndrome
4. Receptor abnormalities and enzyme deficiencies. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
5. Pregnancy
a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 1,2,3,5 c. 1,2,3,4 d. 1.2.5