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Vol. LIX No. 10 April 2023
Pages 220
EDITORIAL
Living And Learning In India,
A Blessing In Disguise ...8
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT ISSUES
G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting 2023 ...11
The Verdict From The North-east ...14
India’s Lithium Discovery ...16
Bringing Uniformity In School Assessment ...18
BURNING TOPICS
CURRENT EVENTS OF NATIONAL &
INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE
India ...19; The World ...25
Indian Economy ...31
Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? ...207
Persons In News ...218 G20 Foreign Ministers’
CIVIL SERVICES SPECIAL Meeting 2023 : p. 11
Indian Economy: The Big Picture ...37
—Prof. V.P. Gupta, Rau’s IAS Study Circle
LATEST MOCK TESTS
Rau’s IAS Study Circle ...49
Forum IAS ...187
Actual Civil Services Exam Interview
Reproduced Verbatim By IAS Topper
—Dr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat (IAS 2017) ...45
GROUP DISCUSSION
Can India Tame The Chinese Dragon?
—By Wing Commander Dinesh Mathur ...39
SUCCESS IN INTERVIEWS
Facing The Interview Board ...42
FOCUS
Tips To Kick-Start The New Academic Session ...212 Nikos Christodoulides,
—Mr. Ajay Kumar Sharma President Of Cyprus : p. 25
National Academic Director – Engineering, AESL
HOTEL MANAGEMENT SECTION
Hotel Management : Opportunities Galore
In India And The World ...67
Scaling The Heights In Hotel Industry ...83
Directory Of Hotel Management
Institutes Of India ...99
Top-notch Hotels Of India ...102
EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION
Leading Institutes For Excellence In Education ...211
CSR ESSAY CONTESTS
Justice Delayed Is Justice Denied ...59
India @ 75 And Way Forward ...60
Environment Versus Growth ...62; Superstitions ...64
CSR Essays Announcement ...65 ICC Women’s T20
World Cup 2023 : p. 209
SOLVED QUESTION PAPERS
UPSC Combined Defence Services Exam ...163
IBPS Bank Probationary Officers CWE ...171
NIFT Fashion Design ...177
100 Expected Questions OGK ...203
SPORTS
Sports Plus ...209
OTHER FEATURES
BBC : Mastermind India ...66
Indian National Movement ...197
Constitution Of India ...199
Forthcoming Exams ...201; Word Power ...202
Improve Your Personality ...214
Mrs. India World 2022-23 ...216
SPECIAL BOOKLET Directory Of Hotel
Doon Defence Academy ...123 – 162 Management Institutes : p. 99
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 Yes, You Can
Living And Learning In India, A Blessing In Disguise
Dear Friend,
Have you ever thought why so many professionals of Indian origin are making it to the top of the global corporate?
Mr. Ajay Banga, who has recently been nominated by the US President Mr. Joe Biden to head the World Bank, comes from
the same long list of Indian-origin persons who have made it to the top
of the corporate world. From Mr. Sundar Pichai at Google and Mr. Satya
Nadella at Microsoft to Mr. Neal Mohan at YouTube, Mr. Arvind Krishna
at IBM, Ms. Revathi Advaithi at Flex, Ms. Jayshree V. Ullal at Arista
Networks and Ms. Leena Nair at Chanel, Indian-origin CEOs are leading
some of the world's most successful companies in a variety of sectors.
Apart from those who hit headlines now and then with their anointment
at the top echelons of a company, there are large number of Indians who
have moved to the world stage and are making significant contribution
to the global corporate world. This is not just a recent phenomenon.
Who can forget those doctors and engineers who made their fortunes in
the developed countries after getting their education from the otherwise Ajay Banga Sundar Pichai
much-cursed Indian education system?
Why I am reminding you of these successful Indians abroad is because
there are some inspiring lessons for you in their collective success story.
Firstly, it is not easy to compete at the international level. You have to
face best of the talents from across the world. Still, it is not without
reason that a growing number of Indians are able to beat their peers
from various nationalities and come out with flying colours. After all,
they have been groomed in an insanely tough competitive atmosphere in
India. Since their childhood, they have faced innumerable competitions—
from admission into schools to multiple board examinations to still tougher
entrance tests to get into the higher education institutes. Who in the
world can beat those who have achieved their place of pride after Satya Nadella Revathi Advaithi
competing against millions of almost equally deserving candidates? Who
in the world can beat those who have grown up eyeing 99.9 marks out of 100 in successive competitive examinations
throughout their growing-up years! So, whenever you feel low as a result of intense competition you face, just think about
the greater good this is doing to you to prepare for the future.
Secondly, Indians do not learn just what they learn in schools and colleges. The peculiar Indian circumstances and
conditions that they grow up in serve them as an equally good, even better, educator. From facing difficulties in commuting
to their schools and colleges to managing within smaller and chaotic spaces, from poor facilities to disappointing marks
in exams, they face hurdles at every step of their early life and learn to take them as a challenge. In turn, all this makes
them a much more hardened competitor. So, whenever you feel low because of your difficult circumstances, just think that
these setbacks are a learning experience to face an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world in future.
Thirdly, after living and succeeding under extraordinary situations early in life, Indians inherently develop an intuitive trait
of adaptability and creativity. They develop an uncanny single-mindedness in pursuit of their goals, and this too gives them
an edge when they face higher levels of competition globally. Last but not least, the language prowess you get to acquire
in Indian cultural milieu is something that gives you an additional competitive edge. No other country has adopted English
as we, Indians, have. While people from other non-English nationalities typically think in their own language and act in
English, Indians more often than not think and act in English. This also puts them ahead of their competition when they
go global.
I will conclude by saying that the tough competition, chaotic conditions and many hurdles and setbacks you face while
preparing for your examinations, all is a blessing in disguise. All this is preparing you to shine in tougher competitions you
have to face in future.
With these words, I wish you greater success in all your endeavours,
Yours Sincerely

(Surendra Kumar Sachdeva)

8 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
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 ANALYSIS OF CURRENT ISSUES*

G20 Foreign Ministers’

Meeting 2023
Deepening Crisis Of Multilateralism
In what was seen as a hammering consumers
grand test for Indian already grappling with
diplomacy, Foreign rising cost of living and
Ministers from the world’s inflation. Immediately
biggest economies after assuming the
convened in New Delhi to Presidency of G20 in
attend the second high- December 2022, India
level ministerial meeting had made it amply clear
under India’s G20 that it would try and give
Presidency on March 1-2, voice to the Global South
2023. The G20 Foreign during its G20 Presidency.
Ministers’ Meeting 2023,
which took place in the Test for Indian
physical format, was one of Diplomacy
the largest gatherings of The meeting was an
Foreign Ministers hosted by extended opportunity for
any G20 Presidency. At the and tough test of
Rashtrapati Bhavan The US Secretary of State Mr. Antony Blinken with Indian India’s ability to balance
Cultural Centre in New Foreign Minister Mr. S. Jaishankar during G20 Foreign Ministers’ international relations,
Delhi, over 40 delegations Meeting in New Delhi held on March 1-2, 2023. which the country has
from all G20 member continuously been doing
countries—Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, in the aftermath of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
European Union, France, Germany, India (as host), Like China, India has refused to condemn Moscow’s so-
Indonesia (both as immediate past President and ASEAN called “special military operation” in Ukraine in various
Chair), Italy, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Russia, Saudi United Nations resolutions. Rather than cutting economic
Arabia, South Africa, Turkiye, UK and US—participated ties with the Kremlin as expected by the West, India has
in the meeting. Among the 9 guest countries that undermined Western sanctions by increasing its purchases
participated at the level of Foreign Ministers were of Russian oil, coal and fertilisers. But unlike China, India
Bangladesh, Egypt, Mauritius, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman,
Singapore, Spain and United Arab Emirates (UAE). has also come closer to the West, particularly the US, despite
Delegations from 13 international organisations also took ties with Russia. New Delhi’s ties with Moscow date back to
part in the meeting. the Cold War and the country remains heavily reliant on
The G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, was second high- Kremlin for military equipment, a vital link in view of its
level ministerial meeting as the first one of the G20 Finance ongoing tensions with China at its shared Himalayan border.
Ministers and Central Bank Governors was concluded in On the other hand, the US and India have taken steps in
Bengaluru on February 25, 2023. The G20 Foreign Ministers’ recent times to strengthen their defence partnership, as the
Meeting had two sessions, chaired by India’s Minister for two sides attempt to counter the rise of an increasingly
External Affairs Mr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar. The first assertive China. Playing strictly according to its own interests,
session was focussed on multilateralism and issues related to India has positioned itself as a country not to be boxed into
food and energy. The second session focussed on four or one side or the other.
five key issues: new and emerging threats, including counter- However, at the end of the day, India’s diplomatic heft
terrorism and narcotics, global skill mapping, global could not help it succeed in bringing even a semblance of
talent pool, etc. The theme of India’s G20 Presidency is consensus at the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting on the
“Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth, One Family, issue of war in Ukraine which was reflected in the absence
One Future”. of a joint communique. However, the country can
India, as world’s largest democracy with a population of draw some satisfaction from the fact that a brief in-person
more than 1.3 billion, has been keen to position itself as meeting between the US Secretary of State Mr. Antony
a leader of emerging and developing nations, often referred Blinken and Russia’s Foreign Minister Mr. Sergei Lavrov,
as the Global South, at a time when soaring food and did take place in New Delhi for the first time since Russia’s
energy prices as a result of ongoing war in Ukraine are
invasion of Ukraine. India also succeeded in not allowing
*Essential Reading Material for Civil Services General Studies Papers the discussion of the war to distract from other issues like
and extremely useful for MBA and other Competitive Examinations, green, sustainable economic development, food and energy
Group Discussions and Interviews. security and many more.

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 11

 Blinken-Lav r ov diplomacy to resolve the conflict.
In 2022, Prime Minister Mr.
Meeting Narendra Modi met Russian
The G-20 Foreign Ministers’ President Mr. Vladimir Putin and
Meeting ended without a told him that this is “not an era
joint communique due to of war”, a phrase that has since
“divergences” over Russia- then been reiterated by several
Ukraine conflict. However, it Western world leaders. Experts
became the platform for the first believe that it is in the best
face-to-face talks between the interests of India that some
top US and Russian officials solution of the Ukraine’s
since the start of the war. While entangled issue could be found
the war in Ukraine impeded the before the G20 Summit under the
search for consensus, the New Indian Presidency is held in
Delhi Meeting did provide a September 2023.
small window for US Secretary
of State Mr. Anthony Blinken Multilateralism Is In
and Russian Foreign Minister Russian Foreign Minister Mr. Sergei Lavrov (with his Crisis
Mr. Sergei Viktorovich Lavrov Indian counterpart in picture) held a fleeting meeting Prime Minister Mr. Narendra
to have their highest-level in- with the US Secretary of State Mr. Antony Blinken. Modi addressed the G20 Foreign
person meeting since the start Ministers’ Meeting 2023 via a
of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. video message. At the outset, he underlined why India
Both sides indicated that it was a short encounter. The chose the theme of ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future’
US officials said that the meeting was “unexpected” and for its G20 Presidency. He explained that it signals the need
lasted for around 10 minutes. However, the Russian Foreign for “unity of purpose” as well as the “unity of action”. He
Ministry spokesperson, Ms. Maria Zakharova, said that the acknowledged that the multilateralism is in a state of crisis
meeting took place at the US’s request, while Mr. Lavrov in the world today, and said that the architecture of global
was “on the go” during the afternoon session of the G20 governance created after the World War II was meant to
meeting. “Mr. Blinken asked for contact with Mr. Lavrov,” serve the main functions. Firstly, it was to prevent future
she told TASS, the Russian news agency, adding, “there wars by balancing competing interests. Secondly, it was to
were no negotiations, meetings, and so on”. However, at a foster international cooperation on issues of common
night time media briefing, Mr. Blinken confirmed that he interest. It has failed in both of its mandates, Mr. Modi said.
spoke with Mr. Lavrov. He said that he told the Russian The Prime Minister further added that the tragic
Foreign Minister that Washington would be steadfast in consequences of this failure are being faced mostly by all
supporting Ukraine and called for ending the war through the developing countries and the world is at risk of
diplomatic terms based on Ukraine’s peace proposal. He rescinding on Sustainable Development after years of
also asked Russia to stop its decision to withdraw from the progress. He also noted that many developing countries
are struggling with unsustainable debt while trying to ensure
New START. food and energy security for their people. He also stressed
Though, there was no immediate positive outcome from that it is the developing countries that are most affected by
the brief meeting between Mr. Blinken and Mr. Lavrov, global warming caused by rich countries. That is why, he
many diplomats and strategic affairs experts saw the meeting said, “India’s G20 Presidency has tried to give a voice to
in itself as a positive development, particularly when the Global South.” No group can claim global leadership
the G20 Bali Summit 2022 ended with increased tension. without listening to those most-affected by its decisions,
“Mr. Lavrov’s presence at the Bali G20 Meeting last year he pointed out.
had led to diplomatic drama. But with the war now reaching Commenting on the geopolitical state of affairs in the
a stalemate and Ukraine fatigue setting in, Mr. Blinken’s world today, PM Mr. Modi underlined that G20 Foreign
10-minute meeting with Mr. Lavrov in New Delhi signals Ministers’ Meeting 2023 is taking place at time of deep
a mutual recognition that only diplomacy can end the global divisions and it is only natural that discourse is
conflict,” tweeted Mr. Brahma Chellaney, strategic thinker, affected by the geopolitical tensions of the day. “We all
author and commentator. have our positions and our perspectives on how these
One may recall that in November 2022 at Bali, Indonesia, tensions should be resolved,” and emphasised that being
Mr. Lavrov clashed with world leaders on the very first day the leading economies of the world, the responsibility
of the G20 Summit as he attempted to paint the war towards those who are not in this room lies with us. “The
against Ukraine as a conflict that was “unleashed by the world looks upon the G20 to ease the challenges of growth,
West”. As most of the members of G20 took the development, economic resilience, disaster resilience,
opportunity to condemn the war unleashed by Russia in financial stability, transnational crime, corruption, terrorism,
severest terms, Mr. Lavrov fired back by claiming that the and food and energy security”, the Prime Minister urged.
invasion was justified because Russia was fighting neo- Mr. Modi noted that G20 has the capacity to build
Nazis in Ukraine and accused Kyiv of dragging out the consensus and deliver concrete results in all these areas.
conflict. He emphasised that resolutions for issues that cannot be
India’s External Affairs Minister Mr. S. Jaishankar did addressed together should not come in the way of those
not respond to a query on whether the Indian Government that can be resolved. Underlining that the meeting is taking
might have played a role in facilitating the meeting between place in the land of Gandhi and the Buddha, the Prime
Mr. Blinken and Mr. Lavrov on Indian soil. Still, the meeting Minister urged the excellencies to draw inspiration from
will be seen as a significant diplomatic victory for New India’s civilisational ethos of focussing not on what divides
Delhi since India has been calling for dialogue and us, but on what unites us all.

12 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

 Prime Minister’s February 25, 2023. The
address can be language used in the
summarised in five Summary Document to
broad points. One, describe the Ukraine
multilateralism is in war was also replicated
crisis and it has failed from the G20 Bali
in both of its primary Declaration 2022, with
tasks of preventing a footnote adding that
future wars and China and Russia were
fostering international dissociating from the
cooperation. Second, it text. Mr. Jaishankar
is important to give a admitted that Russia
voice to the Global and China had gone
South because world is back from their
sinking as a lot of Indian Foreign Minister Mr. S. Jaishankar addressing media after the endorsement of the
countries are actually conclusion of G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting. Bali Declaration at
reg ressing on their Indonesia in November
sustainable goals pathway while facing challenging debts. 2022. “Obviously, the Bali Declaration, for whatever reason,
Third, the G20 discussions are naturally affected by the some countries feel, cannot be extrapolated given the state
geopolitical tensions of the present day, but we must of polarisation, presumably due to developments since then.
remember that we all have a responsibility towards those We found that the positions were very far apart.”
who are outside of the ambit of G20. Fourth, G20 may not Apart from the divergence over the issue of Ukraine
be able to resolve certain issues but these issues should not war, the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting was a resounding
obstruct the issues that can be resolved. Fifth, G20 leaders success with the Outcome Document reflecting the concern
should draw inspiration from India’s civilisational ethos and of developing countries and Global South and talking about
focus on what unites us, and not on what divides us. other issues of global importance, including terrorism and
reliable supply chains. The Document said that G20 Foreign
West And Russia Trade Charges Ministers met in New Delhi at a time when the world
The closed-door session of the G20 Foreign Ministers’ faces multi-dimensional challenges ranging from insufficient
Meeting was marred by sharp exchange of charges between progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
Western countries and Russia against each other. The West climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss, to economic
and Russia verbally attacked each other for damaging global slowdown, debt distress, uneven pandemic recovery,
economy. US Secretary of State Mr. Blinken said that the growing poverty and inequality, food and energy insecurity
G20 meeting had “again been marred by Russia’s and global supply chain disruptions, aggravated by
unprovoked and unjustified war against Ukraine.” Similarly, geopolitical tensions and conflicts.
German Foreign Minister Ms. Annalena Baerbock claimed Here are main points from the Outcome Document:
that it was unfortunate that “one G20 member prevents ★ G20 countries condemned terrorism in all its forms
all the other 19 from focussing all their efforts on the and manifestations as they noted the growing threat
issues the G20 was created for”. French Foreign Minister from the misuse of new and emerging technologies for
Ms. Catherine Colonna asserted that the G20 must “respond terrorist purposes;
firmly, like it did at the Bali Summit”. ★ Supply chains of both food and agricultural products
Blaming the West, Russian Foreign Minister Mr. Lavrov including fertilisers should be kept reliable, open and
said that the Western delegations had “turned the work on transparent;
the G20 agenda into a farce, wanting to shift the responsibility ★ The global order has undergone dramatic changes since
for their failures in the economy to the Russian Federation”. the Second World War due to economic growth and
Reportedly, Mr. Lavrov also said that he wanted “to apologise prosperity, decolonisation, demographic dividends,
to the Indian Presidency and colleagues from the countries technological achievements, emergence of new
of the Global South for the indecent behaviour of a number economic powers and deeper international cooperation;
of Western delegations, who turned the work on the G20 ★ The United Nations must be responsive to the entire
agenda into a farce in an attempt to shift responsibility for membership, faithful to its founding purposes and
failures in economic policy on others, primarily on Russia”. principles of its Charter and adapted to carrying out
its mandate;
Chair’s Summary & Outcome Document ★ A more inclusive and reinvigorated multilateralism and
At the end of the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting 2023, reform aimed at implementing the 2030 agenda is essential;
Mr. Jaishankar noted that no joint statement was possible ★ The rules-based, non-discriminatory, free, fair, open,
with member states having further hardened their positions inclusive, equitable, sustainable and transparent
since G20 Bali Declaration 2022. “There were issues and multilateral trading system, with the WTO at its core, is
the issues were, very frankly, concerned with the Ukraine indispensable to advancing our shared objectives;
conflict on which there were divergences,” Mr. Jaishankar ★ Promoting efficient, sustainable, inclusive and resilient
admitted at a press briefing. He said that a ‘Chair’s Summary agriculture and food systems is necessary to address
and Outcome Document’ had been released, recording the the vulnerabilities of the developing countries;
deliberations of the two-day event. “There was a Chair’s ★ Strengthening sustainable supply chains as well as
Summary because there were differences on the Ukraine circular approaches and promoting inclusive investments
issue which we could not reconcile between various parties are necessary to meet growing energy demand;
who held differing positions”. ★ The threat of future pandemics is very real and the G20
In many ways, the outcome of the G20 Foreign Affairs’ countries must work collectively to institutionalise and
Meeting was a replay of what happened with the G20 operationalise the multi-sectoral actions needed for health
Finance Ministers Meeting concluded in Bengaluru on emergencies prevention, preparedness and response;

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 13

 ★ Support for the process to negotiate and adopt a new
pandemic instrument/accord and amendments to the
International Health Regulations (2005), support for
the Pandemic Fund, improving digital health is necessary.
Conclusion
The G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting as well as G20
Finance Ministers’ and Central Bank Governors’ Meeting
were all important preparatory meetings for the G20
Leaders’ Summit in September 2023. With the participation
of nine guest countries, the former was the largest gathering
of Foreign Ministers in G20 history.
The G20 is a group of top industrialised nations and the
largest economies. It is the premier forum for international
economic cooperation. But it is unfortunate to see that the
development agenda of the G20 has increasingly been
hijacked by geopolitics arising out of the war in Ukraine.
In a bitterly polarised world, it has become highly difficult
for any nation to remain truly neutral or reach a minimum
consensus over highly entangled issues like war in Ukraine.
That the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting could not agree
on a joint statement was no surprise. After all, the way the
Russia-Ukraine conflict has polarised the world, the
possibility of finding some middle ground has significantly
reduced. But the failure of G20 Foreign Ministers to come
up with a mutually agreed formulation on Ukraine that
they had articulated in the G20 Bali Declaration in
November 2022, shows that the situation has only worsened
since then, resulting in hardened attitudes.
Prime Minister Mr. Modi rightly drew attention towards
the deepening crisis of multilateralism, which seems to
have gone unheard. As current G20 President, India played
its part in trying to cobble together a consensus. Diplomacy
has its limitations even at best of the times. There is still
hope that situation will change and some wisdom will
prevail before the G20 Leaders’ Summit under the India’s
Presidency in September 2023.
There are many prominent challenges facing the
international economic and development fields at present,
and G20 can play a big role in many areas. It should be an
important platform for solving problems, resolving
differences and promoting cooperation, rather than being
a stage for political showmanship or quarrelling. Every
meaningless political slogan or sarcastic accusation at this
platform is a waste of this precious opportunity and time.
The global economic cooperation situation is already very
fragile and urgently needs new energy. It cannot withstand
new disruptions. At this critical moment, each member of
G20 has a responsibility to demonstrate political wisdom
and a sense of responsibility to seek common ground while
putting aside differences.

The Verdict From The

North-east
When Assembly election countermanded because of
results in three North-east death of a candidate), BJP
States of Tripura, Nagaland maintained its tally of 2 seats
and Meghalaya were after going it alone and
announced on March 2, 2023, contesting all 60 seats, and
it was clear that Bharatiya was all set to join the
Janata Party (BJP), which government with its former
dominantly leads the ruling allies NPP and United
National Democratic Alliance Democratic Party (UDP)
(NDA) at the Centre, has which won 11 seats. More
entrenched itself in the importantly, BJP has increased
North-east both by its vote share in Nagaland
cementing its position in from 15.3% in 2018 to 18.8%
Tripura and consolidating its in 2023, while almost retained
alliances with regional parties its vote share of nearly 10%
in the States like Nagaland Women electorate waiting for their turn to cast vote during in Meghalaya. In Tripura,
and Meghalaya. The party Assembly elections in North-east. party maintains nearly 40% of
retained power in Tripura, vote share, despite a dip from
winning 32 out of 60 seats in the Legislative Assembly, a 43.6% in 2018 to 39% now in 2023.
dip of 4 seats from what it won in 2018 State election. Its
ally, Indigenous People’s Front of Tripura (IPFT), raised Changing Profile
the BJP-IPFT tally to 33 seats. The BJP’s growing footprint in North-east with its
In Nag aland, the alliance of BJP and National substantial win in these three Assembly elections in 2023
Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP), headed by Chief is all the more important because just five years ago, prior
Minister Mr. Neiphiu Rio, secured a clear victory with 37 to 2018, the party was an insignificant player in the region.
seats (25 NDPP, 12 BJP) in the 60-member State Assembly. The party had less than 2% votes in the 2013 Assembly
In Meghalaya, which delivered a hung Assembly with Chief elections in Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura. However,
Minister Mr. Conrad K. Sangma’s National People’s Party in 2018, the party’s vote share rose to 10% in Meghalaya,
(NPP) emerging as single largest party with 26 seats in 60- 15% in Nagaland and 44% in Tripura. Five years later, in
member State Assembly (election to one seat was the 2023 Assembly elections in these States, the BJP has

14 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

 almost maintained its vote huge ramifications not just in
share in Meghalaya, gained these States but the country
3.5% votes in Nagaland, and as a whole.
lost 4.6% votes in Tripura but Nonetheless, the model of
retained power by getting the governance of all the previous
majority alone. In last five successive governments and
years, post-2018, barring their dogmatic approach
Mizoram and Sikkim, BJP has indefinitely relegated the
either been in power on their North-eastern States to the
own in four North-eastern sidelines. After the landslide
States—Arunachal Pradesh, victory in the 2014 elections,
Assam, Manipur and Prime Minister Mr. Narendra
Tripura—or in alliance with Modi was perhaps the first to
regional parties in the States spot decades of negligence
like Meghalaya and Nagaland. towards the North-eastern
What is significant here is that Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi addressing his party States. Envisaging the States
both Meghalaya and workers at the BJP headquarters in New Delhi after poll as India’s gateway to South-
Nagaland are Christian- results from three North-eastern States were announced. East Asia, Mr. Modi’s ‘Look
majority States with almost East’ policy, and now ‘Act
90% Christian populations. Despite this, the so-called Hindu East’ policy, along with his inclusive approach, has been a
nationalist party has been able to maintain its position and game-changer and a cornerstone.
its alliances with the NPP and the NDPP in Meghalaya
and Nagaland, respectively. Bringing Closer
Of course, one of the factors behind the BJP’s rise in The electoral verdict of the three States also reflects the
North-east involves the fact that the region has always had efforts of the Union Government post-2014 in bringing
a symbiotic relationship with the political dynamics at the the Government of India to the doorstep of the North-
Centre. The party ruling at the Centre always generally east region. In the past almost nine years, Prime Minister
starts with an edge in elections in these States, given their Mr. Modi has visited the NE region over 50 times, and
economic, infrastructural and development dependence. But around 400 Union Ministers have planned strategic tours
what is more important is that the BJP and its allies in the to North-eastern States.
North-east have been successful in beating the anti- In the last nine years, waterways, airways and roadways
incumbency in these States. Despite great political churning have become the new symbols of the North-eastern States.
and the new equations in these States, the ruling parties The number of airports in the NE region has gone up
and alliances managed to retain power. In the last 8-9 years, from nine to 16, increasing the number of flights from
the Union Government under Mr. Modi has spent a 900 before 2014 to around 1900 now. In 2022, Prime
whopping Rs. 3.45 lakh crore on infrastructure in the North- Minister Mr. Modi inaugurated the Donyi Polo Airport in
east region, equalling the cumulative spending in the past Itanagar, which is not only Arunachal Pradesh’s but India’s
two decades. Moreover, the government and its Ministers first greenfield airport. The airport, built at a cost of over
kept a close watch on the execution of various government Rs. 640 crore and spread over a region of 690 acres, is the
schemes and programmes which include the Vibrant Village capital city’s first airport capable of landing big planes.
Programme (VPP) aimed at providing better connectivity Taking the waterways sector to new heights, the Modi
and infrastructure to the North-east region. administration has approved projects worth Rs. 1 lakh crore,
with the impetus to complete these projects by 2025.
Strategic Location Besides, 19 waterways in the North-east are being developed
The North-east States are home to people of various as national waterways.
religions and ethnicities. Despite being strategically Giving an unprecedented impetus to connectivity, the
located—bordering countries including China, Bangladesh, Union Government led by Mr. Modi sanctioned 19 projects
Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar—the relatively smaller States with a budget of Rs. 77,930 crore to connect the North-
of the North-east had received little attention for decades. east region with the National Rail Grid. As incredulous as
“With ASEAN engagement becoming a central pillar of it sounds, even after seven decades of Independence,
India’s foreign policy direction, these States play an Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya made their way into
important role as the physical bridge between India and India’s railway maps for the first time in 2014. In 2021, the
Southeast Asia,” noted Australian Institute of International first passenger train—the Janshatabdi Express—connecting
Affairs. According to a report by Observer Foundation the North-east States of Manipur and Tripura via Assam,
Research (OFR), a large number of ethnic tribal groups was flagged off. In another milestone, the year of 2022
speaking some 220 languages, each with its distinctive saw the first goods train chugging into Manipur’s
societal, cultural and economic patterns, many of them Khongsang station, thereby enhancing Manipur’s
different from those of mainland India, live in this part of connectivity and commerce. Between 2014 and 2022, a
the country. “The challenges of political violence, total of 893.82 km of track has been converted into broad
insurgency, ethnic conflict and pressures due to gauge, 386.84 km of new lines have been added, 356.41
undocumented migration, have further added to the km of double lines have been commissioned and a survey
difficulties of the region. Its geographical location, of 1,578 km of new lines has been completed.
surrounded mostly by international borders, makes its To address the severe problem of road infrastructure,
security an abiding concern,” it noted. The State the Modi-led Union Government rolled out a far-reaching
governments in the North-east, therefore, play a crucial investment of over Rs. 80,000 crore under the Special
role. Any lapse in governance and vigilance might have Accelerated Road Development Programme in the North-

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 15

 east (SARDP-NE) and an additional Rs. 30,000 crore under
the Bharatmala project. In the last five years between 2017
and 2022, a total of 237 projects have been undertaken,
with approximately 3,099 km of road connectivity being
developed across various parts of the North-east. In 2018,
PM Mr. Modi inaugurated India’s longest rail-to-road
bridge—the double-decker Bogibeel bridge. The 4.94-
kilometre-long bridge, built at a cost of Rs. 5,900 crore,
aims to play a pivotal role in the defence forces movement
along the India-China border in Arunachal Pradesh.
Curbing Insurgency
Ever since the dawn of the Modi Government in 2014,
militancy incidents have reduced by 74%, deaths of security
personnel and civilians have drastically decreased by
60% and 84%, respectively, and with more than 800%
increase in surrenders by extremists, Armed Forces (Special
Powers) Act (AFSPA) has been lifted from some districts
for the first time in decades. A number of peace agreements
were signed with several former insurgent groups—for
instance, Bodo Accord 2020, Bru-Reang Agreement 2020,
National Liberation Front of Tripura Agreement 2019 and
Karbi Anglong Agreement 2021. However, the Naga peace
accord is yet to be concluded despite the Centre and the
NSCN-IM agreeing on a framework agreement in 2015.
Attempting to remove a dogmatic approach towards the
North-eastern States, the Modi Government has ensured
the highest-ever representation in the Union Council of
Ministers, where there are two Cabinet Ministers and three
Ministers of State from the North-east region. The BJP’s
consecutive victory in all three States speaks volumes of
the proactive shift in the approach of the Modi
Government.
Early in his tenure, PM Mr. Modi had once remarked,
“If the Western region of the country can develop and
other regions of the country can develop, I see no reason
why the Northeastern region cannot develop. It is my
conviction that we have to bring this region on par with
the other developed regions of the country.” This paradigm
shift has fared well for the BJP, giving it successive electoral
India’s Lithium Discovery
After the 62nd meeting of apex Central Geological
Programming Board, the Union Ministry of Mines
announced that Salal-Haimana region in Reasi district of
Jammu & Kashmir has substantial lithium resource for
exploration. With the announcement of discovery, Salal, a
small hilly village 77 km away from Jammu city, found
itself at the centre of a global market for lithium. The
soft, silvery-white alkali metal is used in a range of key
components of rechargeable batteries, solar panels, mobile
phones, laptops and even psychiatric drugs.
The Geological Survey of India has identified a potential
deposit of 5.9 million tonnes of lithium and said that the
site is an “inferred resource” of the metal, which means
the quantity and quality have been estimated on the basis
of very limited geological evidence and sampling. It is at
a preliminary exploration stage, the second (F2) of a four-
step (F1, F2, F3 and F4) process. The initial estimate of
the deposit can make India home to the 7th largest lithium
reserves in the world. The discovery can be a potential
“game changer” for the country’s clean energ y
16
victories including the recent one in Tripura, Nagaland
and Meghalaya.
Conclusion
The electoral results from Tripura, Nagaland and
Meghalaya have brought a spectacular and renewed mandate
for the BJP. If we look at North-east—erstwhile seven
sisters and Sikkim which has been added later—there is
almost no insurgency. The incidents of ambush and clash
that had marred the region for many years have become
rare. In large parts of the region, the AFSPA has been
withdrawn. In last 8-9 years, the biggest difference is the
incredible improvement in connectivity within the region
and also with other parts of the country.
Till 2014 when the present government took over the
reins in New Delhi, all of the river Brahmaputra flowing
through Assam had only one narrow bridge, the Saraighat
bridge at Guwahati that was built in the 1960s. Even the
broader alternative being built adjacent to it had been
crawling for more than a decade after the Union
Government headed by Mr. A.B. Vajpayee cleared it as
part of its North-South and East-West corridors in early
years of 2000s. Today, there are six bridges and a seventh
is under construction. The pace of change cannot be lost
sight of in the minds of people in North-east.
Meanwhile, the BJP pursued its nationalist political
agenda vigorously and brought old heroes of the North-
east, who fought the British between the 19th and early
20th centuries, to the national mainstream: Rani Gaidinliu
(Naga), Kanaklata Barua (Assam), U. Tirot Sing (Khasi),
Bir Tikendrajit Singh (Meitei, Manipur) and so on. Lachit
Barphukan has now been elevated to a national icon given
that he fought and defeated a Mughal invasion force. This
has also helped the party connect with people of the region.
As Prime Minister Mr. Modi has rightly said in his victory
speech after the electoral results from these three States,
the North-east is neither far from ‘Dilli’ (New Delhi) nor
‘Dil’ (heart). The rise of BJP in North-east is a result of
all these factors.
manufacturing ambitions in several ways. However, it is
too early to celebrate.
The Metal
Lithium is a chemical element with the symbol Li and
atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal.
Under standard conditions, it is the least dense metal and
the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium
is highly reactive and flammable. It must be stored in
vacuum, inert atmosphere, or inert liquid such as purified
kerosene or mineral oil. When cut, it exhibits a metallic
lustre, but moist air corrodes it quickly to a dull silvery
grey, then black tarnish.
Lithium never occurs freely in nature, but only in (usually
ionic) compounds, such as pegmatitic minerals, which were
once the main source of lithium. Due to its solubility as
an ion, it is present in ocean water and is commonly
obtained from brines. Lithium metal is isolated
electrolytically from a mixture of lithium chloride and
potassium chloride.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Lithium’s first discovery dates
back to 1817 when Johan
August Arfwedson, working in
the laboratory of the chemist
Jons Jakob Berzelius, detected
the presence of a new element
while analysing a newly-found
Petalite ore. Berzelius gave the
alkaline material the name
“lithion” or “lithina” (derived
from the Greek word which
transliterated as lithos, meaning
“stone”). He named the metal
inside the material “lithium”.
Lithium and its compounds have several industrial
applications, including in heat-resistant glass and ceramics,
lithium grease lubricants, flux additives for iron, steel and
aluminium production, lithium metal batteries and lithium-
ion batteries. The metal is widely used in batteries due to
its high electrochemical potential and low weight. These
uses consume more than three-quarters of lithium
production. Lithium is present in biological systems in trace
amounts; its functions are uncertain. Lithium salts have
proven to be useful as a mood stabiliser and antidepressant
in the treatment of mental illness such as bipolar disorder.
Growing Demand
Currently, India is heavily dependent on imported lithium
to meet its demand for batteries. Data tabled in Parliament
shows India imported lithium worth Rs. 522 crore in
the three years beginning in 2019. Similarly, lithium-ion
(Li-ion) cells, a dominant component in batteries used in
electric vehicles, worth Rs. 26,204 crore were imported,
illustrating the larger dependence on imports. In 2022, India
imported 85% of its lithium/Li-ion cells from Australia,
Chile and China.
The demand for lithium in India is bound to grow amidst
the Union Government’s push for greener mobility. The
country has embarked on a mission of expanding electrical
vehicles (EVs) to 40% in two-wheeler and private cars, and
almost 100% in commercial buses segment by 2030 to
cut petroleum consumption by 156 million tonnes, worth
Rs. 3.5 lakh crore. That is why the Centre has unleashed a
slew of measures like the exemption of customs duty for
the production of Li-ion cells. Additionally, the Union
Government has introduced a production-linked incentive
(PLI) scheme for manufacturing advanced chemistry cell
(ACC) battery storage. Four companies have been selected
for incentives worth $2.4 billion or Rs. 19,866 crore.
India needs investments worth up to $4.5 billion or
Rs. 33,750 crore to achieve the PLI target of setting up
50 gigawatt hours (GWh) of lithium-ion cell and battery
manufacturing plants, according to a study titled ‘How can
India indigenise lithium-ion battery manufacturing?’ by the
Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW). The
country requires up to 903 GWh of energy storage to
decarbonise its mobility and power sectors by 2030 and
Li-ion batteries will meet the majority of this demand.
Boost To Many Industries
The discovery of lithium at Salal has given a sliver of
hope for the country to build self-sufficiency in this sector.
Also, with more than 500 ppm (parts per million) quality,
the lithium find hints at a higher level of enrichment—
more than 300 ppm is considered a good quality value.
The development of a domestic lithium industry will
provide a significant boost to India’s energy security. It will
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
not only reduce the country’s
dependence on imports but
also provide a sustainable
source of income and
employment for thousands of
people. The production of
lithium batteries will require
a skilled workforce, and
the development of a
lithium industry will provide
employment opportunities for
the local population. The
demand for electric vehicles
(EVs) is increasing, and the
production of lithium-ion batteries in India will make them
more affordable, further accelerating the adoption of EVs.
The local production of lithium-ion batteries will also
make it easier for Indian manufacturers to compete with
international brands and increase the country’s market share
in the EV industry. The electronics industry is another one
that is expected to benefit from the discovery of lithium
reserves. The growing demand for electronic devices,
especially mobile phones, makes India a significant market
for lithium-ion batteries. The availability of lithium reserves
in India will make it easier for local manufacturers to produce
lithium-ion batteries and reduce the cost of production,
making electronic devices more affordable for consumers.
The energy sector is another industry that is expected to
benefit from the discovery of lithium reserves. The
adoption of renewable energy sources like solar and wind
power requires large-scale energy storage systems, and
lithium-ion batteries are a vital component of these systems.
The availability of lithium reserves in India will make it
easier for the country to increase its capacity for energy
storage systems and make renewable energy more accessible
and cost-effective. The discovery of lithium reserves in
India also presents an opportunity for the country to
become a major player in the global lithium-ion battery
market. Currently, China and South Korea dominate the
market, but India’s large population and growing demand
for EVs and renewable energy make it an attractive market
for lithium-ion battery manufacturers.
Miles To Go
Many scientists believe that it is still miles to go before
being able to extract and use the home lithium resources.
The caution is adopted because of multiple technical and
physical challenges involved, including time-consuming
experiences in past, costly exploration processes and the
lack of experience in lithium extraction. Besides
administrative inertia, the GSI took two decades to reach
the prospecting stage (G3) and get an inferred estimate.
The GSI had come out with its initial survey after the
reconnaissance stage (G4) in 1999 but no further work
was carried out until two years ago when its team descended
in Salal village. The survey concluded that ‘higher values
of lithium are persistent throughout the belt in the bauxite
column’. The ‘Final Report on Regional Geochemical Survey
for Base Metals and Lithium in Salal Area’ said that “lithium
prospect in the bauxite column in the area of investigation
appears to be promising” and “need to be taken for further
detailed work”.
The exploratory search goes through four stages—G4,
G3, G2 and G1—before the final extraction. Now, the
Salal site will undergo G2 (general exploration), which
entails closed-space drilling within a radius of 100-200
metres with vertical and lateral extension to determine the
17
 accurate extent of ore reserves and consequential grading
for mining. In February 2021, a similar ‘inferred’ category
with an estimate of 1,600 tonnes was found in the
Marlagalla-Allapatna area of Karnataka’s Mandya district.
But in February 2023, Union Minister for Coal and Mines
Mr. Prahlad Joshi told the Lok Sabha that the Atomic
Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, a
constituent unit of the Department of Atomic Energy, is
carrying out exploration for lithium in parts of Mandya
and Yadgir districts in Karnataka. But the resource has not
yet been augmented by the GSI.
The G2 stage can give ‘indicated’ results of grade, quality
and quantity of the mineral. Even if the exploration process
is expedited, it will take a minimum of 5-6 years to extract
minerals. It requires large-scale investment and it can be
done through public sector enterprises or private entities.
With the completion of G4 and G3 stages, the role of GSI
is over and the process will now be taken further to G2 and
G1 stages by the Government of J&K. The UT government
has assigned a team of experts to study the GSI report.
Another major factor that contributes to the challenges
is the technology needed for lithium exploration. The Salal
find suggests a deposit of bauxite ore rich in lithium and
it needs separation technology to extract lithium from the
ore. Such a technology is used in Chile or Argentina where
lithium is found in clay minerals. However, it needs to be
seen that how much lithium can be recovered from Salal
site and whether it is worth the cost.
Sustainable Mining
There is a flip side too. The country needs to ensure
sustainable mining practices and minimise the environmental
impact of lithium extraction. Lithium mining can be a
water-intensive process and can potentially lead to the
contamination of water sources. Reports indicate that
approximately 2.2 million litres of water is needed to produce
one tonne of lithium. Lithium mining in Chile, Argentina
and Bolivia, for instance, has led to concerns over soil
degradation, water shortages and contamination, air pollution
and biodiversity loss. This is because the mining process is
extremely water-intensive, and also contaminates the
landscape and the water supplies if not done in a sustainable
manner.
Bringing Uniformity In
School Assessment
Students across the country will soon have level-playing
field as they will be assessed on “similar types of questions”
during their examinations. The National Council of
Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has
chosen the Educational Testing Service (ETS), an
assessment firm, as a technical partner for setting up the
regulatory platform in this regard. India’s newly-created
national assessment regulator PARAKH—Performance
Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for
Holistic Development—will work on setting norms,
standards and guidelines for student assessment and
evaluation for all recognised School Boards in the country.
It is a big and welcome move in the context of the need
18
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), about
a fourth of the Earth’s known lithium deposits (88 million
tonnes) would be economical to mine. Applying this
benchmark, India could probably economically extract 1.5
million tonnes of lithium from the 5.9 million tonnes
discovered in preliminary studies. India has a vision of
increasing the share of electric vehicle sales to 30% in
private cars, 70% in commercial vehicles, 40% in buses,
and 80% in two-and three-wheelers by 2030. In absolute
numbers, this could translate to 80 million EVs on
Indian roads by 2030. The battery pack of an average
electric car, he explained, requires 8 kg of lithium.
By this metric, India’s economically-extractable lithium
reserves should be enough to power 184.4 million electric
cars.
Further, mining in the unstable Himalayan terrain is
fraught with risks. Many experts point out that
mining would play havoc with ecology and might even
trigger quakes in the region falling in high-risk IV and V
seismic zones.
Conclusion
A country’s lithium resources are very different from its
reserves that are extractable. Chile is third-richest in terms
of lithium resources but has the largest known reserves.
Australia and China also have large reserves. Thanks to
issues of extractability, the global lithium market is
controlled by only a few companies.
Countries have also drafted policies in the past to tighten
their holds over lithium supply. Chile has rather tight
restrictions on foreign exploitation of lithium, listing it as a
strategically important resource. In the past, China restricted
its lithium supply to Japan through high export tariffs, to
choke competition in the high-tech industry, but in 2012,
the WTO stopped China from resorting to such measures.
However, close to half of lithium mining is done by China’s
Tianqi, which has operations in other lithium geographies
including Chile.
The discovery of lithium reserves in India presents an
opportunity for the country to reduce its dependence on
imports, become self-reliant in the production of lithium-
ion batteries and position itself as a major player in the
global lithium-ion battery market.
of standardisation of education across the country, a key
goal of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
As President and Global Education Chief Executive
Officer (CEO) of ETS, Mr. Amit Sevak said on
February 26, 2023 that this will bring the much-needed
uniformity in assessment by more than 60 Boards in the
country. Let us look into the issue in some detail. The
need for this has been felt for decades in view of the
sharp variation in the way Boards assess students. This is
evident from the wide gap in performance of students
from some State Boards compared with others in the
National Assessment Survey (NAS).
(Continued from page 205)
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

HIndia, Germany Hold Wide-
ranging Talks To Boost Ties In
Clean Energy, Trade And New
Technology
HSecond Batch Of 12 Cheetahs
Arrive In Kuno National Park
HKhalistan Tiger Force, J&K
Ghaznavi Force Declared As
Terrorist Organisations
HAICTE, BPR&D Jointly
Launch KAVACH-2023 To
Tackle Cyber Threats
HIn A First, Supreme Court
Begins Live Transcription Of
Its Hearing Using AI
HHCL Unveils Next Gen
Supersonic Trainer HLFT-42
At Aero India 2023
HKerala Becomes First State To
Use Robotic Scavengers
HPM Opens Asia’s Largest
Copter Factory In Karnataka’s
Tumakuru
HIn World’s Biggest Ever
Aviation Deal, Air India Orders
470 Airbus & Boeing Planes
HIndia Introduces “MIIRA” To
Popularise Millets On World
Stage
HIndian Army Gets First Set Of
Offensive Swarm Drone
System
HFirst 246-Km Section Of
Delhi-Mumbai Expressway
Inaugurated
HSSLV-D2 Joins ISRO’s Fleet Of
Three Rockets
HIndia Finds Huge Reserves Of
Lithium In J&K
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
INDIA
Burning Topics
Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi and visiting German Chancellor
Mr. Olaf Scholz held wide-ranging talks in New Delhi to boost
bilateral ties on February 25, 2023.
India, Germany Hold Wide-ranging
Talks To Boost Ties In Clean Energy,
Trade And New Technology
Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi
and German Chancellor Mr. Olaf Scholz
held wide-ranging talks with a focus on
boosting the bilateral ties in the areas
of clean energ y, trade and new
technologies. The talks took place hours
after Mr. Scholz arrived in Delhi on
February 25, 2023 on a two-day visit to
India, his first to the country after he
became the German Chancellor in
December 2021. The one-year-long
Russia-Ukraine conflict and its
consequences including on food and
energy security also figured in the Modi-
Scholz dialogue besides ways to ramp
up overall bilateral engagement.
In his statement at a joint press event
with Mr. Modi, the German Chancellor
described the Russian “aggression”
against Ukraine as a “major catastrophe”
that has negatively impacted the globe
and said it is important to state “very
clearly where we stand on the subject”
including at the UN as international law
governs international relations. “Since
the beginning of the developments in
Ukraine, India has insisted on resolving
this dispute through dialogue and
diplomacy. India is ready to contribute
to any peace process,” Mr. Modi said in
his media statement.
German Chancellor underlined the
importance of the proposed Free Trade
Agreement (FTA) between India and the
European Union for boosting two-way
trade and said that he would personally
get involved to see its early fruition.
Mr. Scholz said that the finalisation of
the FTA and the investment protection
pacts will contribute significantly to
expand India-Germany trade as well.
“We want to further deepen trade
relations between the European Union
and India and this is why we speak
strongly for the free trade agreement. It
is an important topic and I will get
personally involved to ensure that this
does not drag on,” he said.
Mr. Scholz said that over 1,800
German companies are operating in
India and have provided thousands of
jobs. “India has so much talent to offer
and we want to benefit from that
cooperation,” Mr. Scholz said. In his
media statement, PM Mr. Modi said that
Germany is also an important source
of investment in India, along with being
its largest trading partner in Europe.
“Today, due to ‘Make in India’ and
‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ campaign, new
opportunities are opening up in all
sectors in India. The interest shown by
19
Germany in these opportunities is very loaded into relocation crates. Their Khalistan Tiger Force is a militant outfit
encouraging for us,” the PM said. DNA samples were taken for the South which aims at reviving terrorism in
Mr. Modi and Mr. Scholz interacted African National Biodiversity Institute. Punjab, the Union Ministry for Home
separately with top executives from The cheetahs were hydrated with drips Affairs said in a statement on February 17,
Indian and German companies to and fitted with collars on February 17, 2023. The organisation is promoting
discuss ways to deepen economic ties. 2023 before being flown to India. In various acts of terrorism, including
The two countries also unveiled a India, the cheetahs were first released targeted killings in Punjab, it added.
vision document to enhance cooperation in quarantine bomas according to the As for Jammu and Kashmir Ghaznavi
in areas of innovation and technology. Convention on International Trade in Force, it has been found involved in
It said that India and Germany recognise Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and infiltration bids, narcotics and weapon
the close ties that have been nurtured Flora protocol and will stay there for a smuggling as well as in carrying out
through the decades, reaffirmed in 2022 month as experts closely monitor their terror attacks in Jammu and Kashmir.
by the India-German Green and progress. Additional bomas have been It draws its cadres from various terrorist
Sustainable Development Partnership made in Kuno to accommodate all
(GSDP), and acknowledged the positive organisations, such as Lashker-e-Taiba,
12 cheetahs in their individual quarters. Jaish-e-Mohammed, Tehreek-ul-
and proactive roles of the governments, With the new additions, India now
institutions, academia and industry on Mujahideen and Harkat-ul-Jehad-e-
has a total 20 cheetahs, all in Kuno, for Islami. The Ministry also declared
both sides. the first time after they were declared Harwinder Singh Sandhu@Rinda as a
extinct in India in 1952. The arrival of
Second Batch Of 12 new batch of cheetahs is part of an
terrorist. He has been associated with
MoU signed by the Governments of the terrorist organisation Babbar Khalsa
Cheetahs Arrive In Kuno India and South Africa in January 2023 International and is presently based in
Lahore, Pakistan. He has been found
National Park on cooperation on the reintroduction of
involved in various terrorist activities,
cheetahs in India. The goal of the
After 8 Namibian cheetahs, a second cheetah introduction project in India is particularly in Punjab.
batch of 12 cheetahs, this time from to establish a viable cheetah The government amended the UAPA
South Africa, arrived in India and metapopulation in the country that in August 2019 to include the provision
released into Kuno National Park at allows the cheetah to perform its of designating an individual as a
Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh by functional role as a top predator and terrorist. The government had so far
provide space for its designated 53 individuals as terrorists
expansion within its historic and 44 organisations as terrorist
range, thereby contributing to organisations.
its global conservation
efforts. AICTE, BPR&D Jointly
Major objectives of the
big-cat intercontinental Launch KAVACH-2023
translocation include: (i) to To Tackle Cyber Threats
establish breeding cheetah
populations in its historic Advancing India’s cyber-preparedness,
ranges in the country; (ii) to KAVACH-2023, a national level
use the cheetah as a flagship hackathon, was launched on February 16,
species to garner resources 2023 with the aim to identify innovative
for restoring open forest ideas and technological solutions for
and grassland ecosystems; addressing the cyber security and
and (iii) to provide livelihood cybercrime challenges of the 21st century
As many as 12 cheetahs from South Africa arrived in opportunities to locals faced by the country’s law enforcement
India and were released into Kuno National Park in through eco-development agencies and common citizens. Launched
Madhya Pradesh on February 18, 2023. and eco-tourism. Around by the Union Ministry of Education’s
10-12 cheetahs will be Innovation Cell, All India Council for
Union Environment Minister imported annually from African
Mr. Bhupendra Yadav and MP Chief countries for the next 5 to 10 years to Technical Education (AICTE), Bureau
Minister Mr. Shivraj Singh Chouhan on establish a healthy population with of Police Research and Development
February 18, 2023. The Indian Air genetic diversity in India, according to (BPR&D, MHA) and Indian Cyber
Force’s C-17 Globemaster plane, which the Action Plan for Cheetah Crime Coordination Centre (I4C, MHA),
took off from OR Tambo International Introduction in India. KAVACH-2023 seeks to encourage
Airport, Gauteng, South Africa carrying innovation and creativity in addressing
these cheetahs, reached Maharajpur air Khalistan Tiger Force, the complex issues of cyber security and
cybercrime.
base from where the special four-legged
guests were taken to Kuno in three J&K Ghaznavi Force KAVACH-2023 is conducted in two
Mi-17 helicopters along with African phases. In the first phase, the problem
cheetah experts, to release into their
Declared As Terrorist statements, grouped into various buckets
quarantine bomas. Organisations such as Fake News/Social Media, Dark
The 12 South African Cheetahs are Web, Women Safety, Phishing Detection,
comprised of 7 males and 5 females. In The Union Government has declared Video Analytics/CCTV, Obscene
South Africa, of the 12, three cheetahs Khalistan Tiger Force and Jammu & Content Detection, Spam Alert and
were quarantined in Phinda, KwaZulu- Kashmir Ghaznavi Force as terrorist Malware Analysis/Digital Forensics are
Natal while nine were in Rooiberg, org anisations under the Unlawful posed to the public. Willing participants
Limpopo. All of them were drafted and Activities (Prevention) Act, UAPA, 2019. are expected to develop digital
20 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
solutions for the statements using robust
technologies like Artificial Intelligence/
Machine Learning, Deep Learning,
Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality, etc.
and submit their concepts on the portal
of KAVACH-2023.
The grand finale of KAVACH-2023,
a 36-hours long mega event, will see
participants to come together to
brainstorm and develop technological
solutions that can address the current
challenges of cyber security in India.
The participants include students,
researchers and professionals from
various fields of technology, including
Computer Science, Information
Technology, and Engineering. The
goal of the hackathon is to create a
comprehensive system that can
effectively combat cybercrime and
safeguard the country’s critical
infrastructure and sensitive information.
The participants will work on solutions
that can help law enforcement agencies
in investigating cybercrime, prevent
cyberattacks, and protect critical
infrastructure from cyber threats. They
will also focus on developing solutions
that can provide a safer online
environment for individuals and
businesses. Total prize money worth
Rs. 20 lakh will be awarded to the
winning teams.
In A First, Supreme Court
Begins Live Transcription
Of Its Hearing Using AI
For the first time in its history, the
Supreme Court started a system for
testing live transcription of oral
arguments using Artificial Intelligence
(AI) tools and Natural Language
Processing (NLP) technology. While
heading a Constitution Bench on
February 21, 2023, Chief Justice of
India (CJI) Mr. D.Y. Chandrachud
pointed to a screen place before lawyers
in his courtroom, and said, “You can
see a screen here. We are just trying to
explore the possibility of live
transcription of arguments in court. We
had to do it in a live environment, so it
is an experiment.”
Elaborating on the initiative, CJI said,
“We will just see how it works, at least
in the Constitution Bench matters. Then
we will have a permanent record of
arguments, which will of course not only
help the judges and lawyers, but also
our law colleges. They can analyse how
matters are argued… huge resource.”
The CJI said that there may be a
problem when two or more lawyers
argue at the same time but sought to
assure the Bar that even that issue will
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
be sorted. “The only thing is that if system, the HAL said. The aircraft has
there are two or more voices at the same a unique tail art of the Hindu God
time, that causes a little bit of a problem. Maruti, symbolising strength, speed and
But they obviously have personnel agility. HLFT-42 will be similar to the
who will clean up the errors by the recently-approved projects like the LCA
evening. They suggested that during MK II and eventually the Advanced
the course of the day, the counsel will Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). Its
get a link so the counsel can look at it. simulators and simulations would also
By evening, they would have cleaned up be of that capability. The trainer, which
the transcript and given it to us,” he is aimed at preparing fighter pilots
said. comprehensively for the fifth-generation
aircraft, incorporates an ultra-modern
HCL Unveils Next Gen training suite, enabling hyper-real
combat situations to train pilots in a
Supersonic Trainer HLFT-42 perfectly safe, standardised and efficient
At Aero India 2023 flying environment.
The US Air Force (USAF), however,
The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited stole the thunder with two versions of
(HAL) unveiled the scale model of the its newest 5th-Generation Supersonic
Hindustan Lead-in Fighter Trainer Multirole F-35A aircraft making a
(HLFT-42), at the 14th edition of Aero historic debut at Aero India 2023. The
India inaugurated by Prime Minister two jets—F-35A Lightning II and F-35A
Joint Strike Fighter—
represent the leading-
edge of US fighter jet
technology. The F-35’s
engine produces 43,000
pounds of thrust and
consists of a three-
stage fan, a six-stage
compressor, an annular
combustor, a single stage
high-pressure turbine and
a two-stage low-pressure
turbine. In addition to
the two F-35s, an F-16
The HAL on February 14, 2023 unveiled Next Gen supersonic fighting Falcon duo
trainer HLFT-42 at Aero India 2023 in Bengaluru. from the USAF conducted
daily aerial demon-
Mr. Narendra Modi in Bengaluru on strations at Aero India 2023 to showcase
February 13, 2023 and concluded on the capability of one of the force’s
February 17, 2023. Aero India show is leading fighter jets. The F/A-18E and
held at every 2 years and the focus of F/A-18F Super Hornet, the US Navy’s
Aero India 2023 this time was on putting most advanced frontline carrier-based
on display indigenous technologies and multirole strike fighter aircraft, were also
forging partnerships with foreign part of the exhibits from the US.
companies, in line with ‘Make in India,
Make for the World’ vision. India’s
futuristic indigenous aircraft, including
Statement about ownership and other particulars about
5th Generation Advanced Medium Competition Success Review
Combat Aircraft (AMCA), LCA FORM IV
1. Place of Publication : New Delhi
Mark-2, Naval Twin-Engine Deck-Based 2. Periodicity of its Publication : Monthly
Fighter jet, etc., which are at different 3. Printer's Name : Surendra Kumar Sachdeva
stages of development, were showcased Nationality : Indian
Address : 48/4, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi-8
at Aero India 2023. Around 810 defence 4. Publisher's Name : Surendra Kumar Sachdeva
companies and delegates from 98 Nationality : Indian
countries took part in the exhibition. Address : 48/4, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi-8
5. Editor's Name : Surendra Kumar Sachdeva
Over 200 agreements worth around Nationality : Indian
Rs. 80,000 crore were signed during the Address : 48/4, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi-8
five-day event. 6. Name and address of individuals who own the
newspaper and partners or shareholders holding more
With the tagline “the stor m is than one per cent of the total capital : 1. Surendra
coming”, HLFT-42 is the ‘Next Gen Kumar Sachdeva, 48/4, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi.
Supersonic Trainer’ that will play a 2. Vijay Lakshmi Sachdeva, 48/4, East Patel Nagar,
New Delhi-110008. 3. Vandana, 48/4, East Patel
critical role in modern combat aircraft Nagar, New Delhi 110008.
training with state-of-the-art avionics like I, Surendra Kumar Sachdeva, hereby declare that
Active Electronically Scanned Array, particulars given above are true to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Electronic Warfare Suite, Infrared Search SURENDRA KUMAR SACHDEVA
and Track with Fly-by-Wire control Publisher
21

Kerala Becomes First
State To Use Robotic
Scavengers
The Kerala government launched
robotic scavenger, Bandicoot, to clean
sewages in the temple town of
Guruvayur, becoming the first State in
the country to use robotic technology
to clean all its commissioned manholes.
The Bandicoot was launched by the
Water Resource Minister of the State,
Mr. Roshi Augustine, on February 24,
2023, under the Kerala Water Authority’s
(KWA) Guruvayur Sewerage Project in
Thrissur district. “With the launch of
the project in Guruvayur, manual
scavenging in Kerala has ended. It is a
major step towards use of technology-
driven solutions for manhole cleaning
across the State,” the Minister declared.
The robotic Tron Unit, which is the
major component of Bandicoot, enters
the manhole and removes sewage using
robotic hands, similar to a man’s limbs.
The machine has waterproof, HD vision
cameras and sensors that can detect
harmful gases inside the manholes.
Bandicoot, developed by Kerala-based
Genrobotics, a Techpark-base company,
had recently bagged ‘Kerala Pride’ award
at the Huddle Global 2022 conclave
organised by Kerala Start-up Mission
(KSUM). Genrobotics has developed
“the world’s first robotic scavenger”
Bandicoot in an effort to eliminate
manual scavenging providing respite for
workers engaged in manhole cleaning.
PM Opens Asia’s Largest
Copter Factory In
Karnataka’s Tumakuru
Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi
inaugurated the helicopter manu-
facturing factory of Hindustan
Asia's largest helicopter manufacturing factory of HAL was inaugurated by
PM Mr. Narendra Modi at Karnataka's Tumakuru on February 6, 2023.
22
Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in
Karnataka’s Tumakuru on February 6,
2023. The factory is Asia’s largest
helicopter manufacturing facility and
also a new green field helicopter factory.
The Prime Minister also unveiled the
Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) at the
new facility as well as laid foundation
stone of Tumakuru Industrial Township.
Mr. Modi expressed delight that
hundreds of ar ms and defence
equipment are being manufactured in
India, which are being used by the
armed forces today. “From advanced
assault rifles to tanks, aircraft carriers,
helicopters, fighter jets and transport
aircraft, India is manufacturing it all,”
he remarked. He pointed out that the
investment made in this sector in the
last 8-9 years is five times than the
investment made before 2014. He
emphasised that hundreds of helicopters
are going to be manufactured in this
facility itself in the near future which
will give rise to businesses worth Rs. 4
lakh crore.
The greenfield helicopter factory,
spread across 615 acres of land, has
been planned with a vision of becoming
a one-stop solution for all helicopter
requirements of the country. Initially, it
will produce LUHs, indigenously-
designed and developed 3-ton class,
single-engine multipurpose utility
helicopter with unique features of high
manoeuvrability. In the beginning, the
factory will produce around 30
helicopters per year and then onwards,
its capacity will be enhanced to produce
60 and then 90 helicopters per year in
a phased manner. Over the time, the
factory will be augmented to produce
other helicopters such as Light Combat
Helicopters (LCHs) and Indian Multirole
Helicopters (IMRHs). It will also be used
for maintenance, repair and overhaul of
LUH, LCH, Advanced Light Helicopter
(ALH) and IMRH in the future.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
In World’s Biggest Ever
Aviation Deal, Air India
Orders 470 Airbus &
Boeing Planes
In the world’s largest ever aviation deal,
Tata Group-owned Air India placed
orders to buy a total of 470 wide-body
and narrow-body aircraft from France’s
Airbus and America’s Boeing. Out of
these, 250 would be from Airbus and 220
from Boeing, in a transaction expected to
be worth more than $80 billion, with an
option to buy 70 more Boeing aircraft.
The move is set to significantly improve
India’s stature on the global platform as
an emerging leader in the commercial
aviation sector. “The order comprises
40 Airbus A350s, 20 Boeing 787s and
10 Boeing 777-9s wide-body aircraft, as
well as 210 Airbus A320/321 Neos and
190 Boeing 737 MAX single-aisle aircraft.
The A350 aircraft will be powered by
Rolls-Royce engines, and the B777/787s
by engines from GE Aerospace,” the
airline said in a statement on
February 14, 2023.
At a virtual event commemorating the
mega deal, US President Mr. Joe Biden
hailed Air India’s decision to purchase
220 aircraft from Boeing and called it a
“historic agreement between Tata-owned
airlines and Boeing”. “This purchase will
support over 1 million American jobs
across 44 states, and many will not require
a four-year college degree. This also
reflects the strength of the US-India
economic partnership,” he added. French
President Mr. Emmanuel Macron said
that the agreement “marks a new stage
in India and France’s strategic
partnership” while thanking Prime
Minister Mr. Modi “for your confidence
in France and our industry.” British Prime
Minister Mr. Rishi Sunak hailed a multi-
billion-pound deal by Airbus and Rolls-
Royce to supply new aircraft to Air India
as a landmark moment for the country’s
aerospace sector.
The historic Air India purchase of
470 jets has caused the world to sit up
and take notice because of its scale and
the ramifications it has for Air India, the
aviation industry and some of the biggest
global economies. This is the biggest bulk
order for aircraft—American Airlines’
purchase of 460 aircraft in 2011 is now
the second-highest. The deal marks
India’s debut as one of the major aircraft-
buying countries. These orders would
modernise Air India’s fleet and help it to
“dramatically expand its network, at a
time when the carrier plans to become a
world-class proposition”, said Mr. N.
Chandrasekaran, Chairman of Tata
Group.
Air India, which was acquired by Tatas
over a year ago, has retired most of
its older aircraft and launched a 5-year
plan to modernise its ageing fleet. The
first new plane will go into service at the
end of 2023. Currently, the airline has
been operating 218 aircraft, flying to
52 domestic and 38 overseas destinations.
With this deal, Air India’s fleet size will
more than double, and it will surpass
IndiGo’s fleet of 300 aircraft to become
the largest airline operating on domestic
routes as well. The kind of aircraft that
Air India has ordered indicates that it
aims to significantly expand its footprint
on international routes as well as fly to
both major and minor locations within
the domestic market.
India Introduces “MIIRA”
To Popularise Millets
On World Stage
With food security and nutrition a top
priority in agriculture during its G20
Presidency, India has introduced a global
initiative to encourage the consumption
and production of millets. The Millet
International Initiative for Research and
Awareness (MIIRA) was introduced at
the first Agriculture Deputies Meeting
(ADM) of the Agriculture Working
Group under India’s G20 Presidency, held
at Indore, Madhya Pradesh, from
February 13 to 15, 2023. The G20
Agriculture Deputies deliberated on four
themes: “food security and nutrition”,
“sustainable agriculture with climate-
smart approach”, “inclusive agricultural
value chains and food systems”, and
“digitalisation for agricultural
transformation”.
The “MIIRA” is aimed at connecting
the millet research organisations across
the world while also supporting research
on millet crops. Besides setting up a web
platform to connect researchers and
holding international research
conferences, the plan is also to promote
millet consumption by raising awareness.
It is in line with the UN declaring 2023
as the International Year of Millets and
the Union Government’s plan to make
India a global hub for millets. The
programme will be launched keeping in
mind the nutritional value and the
climate-resilient nature of millets. For
MIIRA to take off, India will contribute
the “seed money” while each G20
member will later have to contribute to
its budget in the form of a membership
fee. The MIIRA secretariat will be in
Delhi, as, with India being a major
producer of millets, this will ensure a
flow of investment from the country’s
industry and research bodies.
Millets are small-grained cereals such
as sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra),
foxtail millet (kangni/ Italian millet), little
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
millet (kutki), kodo millet, finger millet
(ragi/ mandua), proso millet (cheena/
common millet), barnyard millet (sawa/
sanwa/ jhangora) and brown top millet
(korale). These crops require less water
than rice and wheat, and are mainly grown
in rainfed areas. Now grown in more
than 130 countries, millets are the
traditional food for more than half a
billion people in Asia and Africa. Globally,
jowar is the most widely grown millet
crop; its major producers are the US,
China, Australia, India, Argentina, Nigeria
and Sudan. Bajra, another major millet
crop, is mainly grown in some African
countries and India, where millets are
mainly a kharif crop. During 2018-19,
the Agriculture Ministry data show, bajra
(3.67%), jowar (2.13%) and ragi (0.48%)
accounted for about 7% of the gross
cropped area in the country.
Indian Army Gets First
Set Of Offensive Swarm
Drone System
In a boost to its offensive capability,
the Indian Army has started receiving its
first heterogeneous swarm Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system for use on
the battlefield, according to a report
published on February 13, 2023. The
delivery may possibly be the world’s first
operational high density swarming
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
induction for military applications,
especially given that most swarm drone
Indian Army has started receiving its
first heterogeneous swarm UAV system
from Bengaluru-based New Space
Research & Technologies.
research is yet to be operationalised
across the world. Supplied by an Indian
start-up, Bengaluru-based New Space
Research & Technologies, the swarm of
100 drones is capable of hitting targets
at least 50 kms away into enemy territory.
Ordered under the emerg ency
procurement, the swarming systems
show that India has taken a global lead
with induction of a cutting edge ‘Made
in India’ technology which is at par, if
not ahead, of its peers across the world.
A drone swarming system consists of
a group of UAVs which cooperate with
each other using advanced autonomy,
computing, communication and AI
protocols to execute various mission
objectives with minimal human
intervention. The UAVs exhibit self-
organising behaviour, collision avoidance
between the UAVs and obstacle
avoidance with terrain. In a true swarm,
there is no true leader and follower, with
all members in a swarm having their
own ‘mind’ to undertake collective
decision-making, adaptive formation
flying and self-healing within the swarm,
according to Mr. Sameer Joshi, the
founder of New Space. The benefit of
such a swarm is that if one drone drops
out or a few crash due to enemy counter
measures, the group can rearrange or
self-heal itself to continue undertaking
the mission till the last UAV in air.
Countries such as United States,
United Kingdom, Turkiye, Russia, Israel
and China are actively pursuing swarm
drones prog rammes. While new
technologies—AI and edge computing
in particular—will drive drone swarms,
the key element is said to be the swarming
software. It is this facet of swarming
that makes the development of swarms
difficult and few nations have been able
to demonstrate missions exhibiting de-
centralised swarming algorithms, India
being one of them. The genesis of India’s
swarm drones is in the Indian Air Force’s
Mehar Baba swarm drone competition
of 2018. The idea then was to encourage
start-ups to work on swarm UAVs, both
for humanitarian and military missions.
New Space Research & Technologies had
won the award for best ‘swarming
architecture’.
First 246-Km Section
Of Delhi-Mumbai
Expressway Inaugurated
Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi
inaugurated a 246-km section of the
Delhi-Mumbai Expressway in Rajasthan’s
Dausa on February 12, 2023. Expressing
pride in dedicating the first phase of the
Delhi-Mumbai Expressway to nation,
Mr. Modi underlined that this is one of
the most advanced expressways in the
world which presents a grand picture of
developing India. The Delhi-Dausa-
Lalsot section of the Expressway has
been developed at a cost of more than
Rs. 12,150 crore. The operationalisation
of this section will reduce the travel time
from Delhi to Jaipur from 5 hours to
around 3.5 hours and provide a major
boost to the economic development of
the entire region.
The Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, also
known as the Western Dedicated Freight
Corridor, will be India’s longest
expressway with a length of 1,386 km,
connecting India’s national capital with
23
its financial capital. It will reduce the
travel distance between Delhi and
Mumbai by 12% from 1,424 km to
1,242 km and travel time will be reduced
by 50% from 24 hrs to 12 hrs. It will
pass through one UT and five States—
Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra—and
connect major cities like Kota, Indore,
Jaipur, Bhopal, Vadodara and Surat.
The Corridor is being developed with
an 8-lane configuration with provision
to expand to 12-lane in the future, with a
design speed of 120 km per hour. In
addition, the corridor will be completely
access-controlled with closed tolling.
Perpetual pavement design has been
adopted for Delhi-Vadodara section of
the Corridor, which passes through arid
regions while rigid pavement design has
been adopted for Vadodara-Mumbai
section of the Corridor, passing through
rain-fed areas, to provide superior ride
quality, user comfort and longer
pavement life at a lower total cost of
operation over the lifecycle of the project.
Delhi-Mumbai Expressway is a
greenfield project and the National
Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
plans to plant 20 lakh saplings along its
entire length. Three-feet high boundary
walls and sound barricades are being put
up for protection of animals. It will also
serve 93 PM Gati Shakti Economic
Nodes, 13 ports, 8 major airports and 8
Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs)
besides boosting new upcoming
greenfield airports such as Jewar Airport
and Navi Mumbai Airport. It will have a
catalytic impact in the developmental
trajectory of all adjoining regions, thus
contributing in a major way to the
economic transformation of the country.
SSLV-D2 Joins ISRO’s
Fleet Of Three Rockets
India got one more rocket to launch
satellites. After the second development
flight of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle
(SSLV-D2) successfully placed three
satellites in a 450 km circular orbit around
the Earth, the new rocket joined the
Indian Space Research Organisation or
ISRO’s fleet of three rockets. On its
second developmental flight launched on
February 10, 2023 from the first launch
pad at the country’s only spaceport
Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, the
SSLV-D2 put into orbit an Earth
Obser vation Satellite-07 (EOS-07)
weighing about 156.3 kg and two
others—10.2 kg Janus-1 belonging to
ANTARIS of the US and 8.7 kg Azaadi
Sat-2 belonging to Space Kidz India,
Chennai. “The satellites precisely
reaching the intended orbits meant that
the new, cost-effective guidance and
navigation system used in the launch
24
vehicle as well as the electronics had
performed well,” said Mr. S. Somanath,
Chairman, ISRO, speaking after the
successful launch.
The SSLV had its maiden flight,
SSLV-D1, in August 7, 2022. But it had
a narrow miss because of shortfall in
velocity. Within six months, a failure
analysis was conducted and changes were
made to the equipment bay, the
separation mechanism and the on-board
system for recognising faulty sensors.
Five new pieces of hardware were tested
before the second flight of the new
launch vehicle to ensure its success.
“Despite a setback in August 2022, the
team worked hard to make the changes
suggested by the review committees and
came up with five new hardware and
new separation system in five months,”
Mission Director of the SSLV, Mr. S.
Vinod, said. It all started in 2018 and the
rocket has reached the intended
destination today, he added.
The SSLV-D2, in its second
developmental flight launched on
February 10, 2023, placed three
satellelites in orbit.
India’s newest rocket, SSLV-D2,
weighing 120 tonne, is 34 metre tall. The
rocket’s total carrying capacity is 500 kg
to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), though in its
maiden successful flight it had a total
payload of 175.2 kg. The three-staged
SSLV-D2 is primarily powered by solid
fuel (total 99.2 tonne) and also has a
Velocity Trimming Module (VTM)
powered by 0.05 tonne of liquid fuel for
precise injection of satellites. With the
new rocket in its portfolio, ISRO now
has three rockets—(i) Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and its variants,
(ii) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (GSLV-MkII and LVM3) and
(iii) SSLV. The SSLV is a ready-to-transfer
rocket with modular and unified systems
with standard interfaces for production
by the industry. The SSLV design drivers
are low cost, have low turnaround time,
have flexibility in accommodating
multiple satellites, have launch-on-
demand feasibility, minimal launch
infrastructure requirements and others.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
The commercial arm of ISRO, NewSpace
India Ltd., plans to transfer the SSLV
technology for production in the private
sector. ISRO is also building a new rocket
port in Tamil Nadu’s Kulasekarapattinam
for sending up the small rockets.
India Finds Huge
Reserves Of Lithium
In J&K
India announced its first significant
discovery of reserves of lithium, a rare
alkali metal crucial for manufacturing
electric vehicle. The Geological Survey
of India (GSI) found 5.9 million or
59 lakh tonnes of lithium reserves in the
Salal-Haimana area of Reasi district in
Jammu and Kashmir, the Union Ministry
of Mines said on February 9, 2023. This
is 7th largest lithium reserves in the world
and according to the current market price,
it is worth Rs. 3,384 billion approximately.
In 2021, much smaller deposits of lithium
were found in the southern State of
Karnataka. India imports 80% of its
needs of lithium mainly from Australia
and Argentina. The development comes
at a time when India has just identified
two lithium mines in Argentina for a
possible acquisition or a long-term lease.
Lithium is a key component of
batteries and other electronics that are
becoming increasingly common around
the world, particularly in the case of
rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used
in electric-vehicle manufacturing, as well
as larger-scale battery storage. With these
manufacturing trends expected to
accelerate over the coming years as the
energy transition increases, interest in
this silvery-white metal will continue to
grow, and analysts expect global demand
will more than double by 2024. Experts
say that the discovery could aid India’s
push to increase the number of private
electric cars by 30% by 2030.
As per US Geological Survey data, at
21 million tonne, Bolivia is home to
world’s largest identified lithium reserves,
followed by Argentina (20 million tonne),
United States of America (12 million
tonne), Chile (11 million tonne), Australia
(7.9 million tonne), China (6.8 million
tonne), India (5.9 million tonne) and
Germany (3.2 million tonne). In fact,
Bolivia, Argentina and Chile in South
America form a lithium-rich triangle
called the “lithium triangle”. Now, the
new discovery in India makes the country
home to 7th largest reserves of lithium
in the world. One tonne of lithium is
currently priced at Rs. 57.36 lakh. The
value of India’s 59 lakh tonnes lithium
reserves will be Rs. 33,84,31,021 lakh
crore or Rs. 3,384 billion. In the global
market, its price varies all the time.
 The World
★ Nikos Christodoulides
Becomes New President
Of Cyprus
★ French President Pledges
A ‘New Era’ In Africa
★ UK And EU Strike A
Northern Ireland Trade
Deal
★ Seattle Becomes First
US City To Ban Caste
Discrimination
★ FATF Suspends Russia’s
Membership Over Ukraine
War
★ Russia Suspends New
START With United States
★ Mohammad Shahabuddin
Chuppu Elected 22nd
President Of Bangladesh
★ World’s First Super Magnets
For Nuclear Fusion Plants
Developed
★ Mw 7.8 Magnitude
Earthquake Hits Türkiye,
Syria
★ India, UAE, France
Establish Trilateral
Cooperation Initiative
★ Equatorial Guinea
Appoints Manuela As First
Woman PM
★ US Offers Critical
Technologies To India
Under iCET
★ Australia Decides To
Remove British Monarchy
From Its Bank Notes
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Burning Topics
Mr. Nikos Christodoulides on March 1, 2023 became the youngest
President of Cyprus at 49.
Nikos Christodoulides Becomes
New President Of Cyprus
Cyprus’s former Foreign Minister
Mr. Nikos Christodoulides took over as
the country’s new President, becoming
its youngest leader at 49, on March 1,
2023. He was elected as the President
of the country, winning 51.9% of the
votes in the run-off that took place
on February 12, 2023, edging out
the fellow diplomat and communist-
backed candidate, Mr. Andreas
Mavroyiannias, who received 48.8%
votes.
Mr. Christodoulides ran as an
independent candidate and had the
backing of centrists and centre-right
parties that usually had hardline stances
on solving decades-old divisions in the
Mediterranean island country. This is the
first time ever that a candidate has won
the presidency without having the
backing of two of the most prominent
political groups, the conservative DISY
and the communist AKEL.
In his winning speech,
Mr. Christodoulides said, “I look you in
the eyes and give you a promise—I will
do everything to be worthy of your
trust.” He has frequently been in the
public eye for his persona of a young,
energetic politician offering new ideas
in the past decade. He studied in Malta
and New York before getting a doctorate
in Political Science from the University
of Athens. He launched his diplomatic
career in 1999, climbing up the ranks
until he became Foreign Minister for
the right-wing President Mr. Nicos
Anastasiades in 2018. He quit that
position in June 2022 to join the
presidential race. As the Foreign
Minister, he failed to take a clear stance
on Russian sanctions due to the invasion
of Ukraine, which led to many criticising
his “pro-Moscow” stance.
Since the 1974 Turkish invasion,
Cyprus has been split by ethnicity, with
Greek and Turkish Cypriots living on
either side of a United Nations-patrolled
ceasefire border. Mr. Christodoulides has
previously considered that the main
problems facing Cypriots were “the cost
of living and housing, immigration and
the Cyprus problem”, referring to those
divisions in the country.
The last round of peace talks
had collapsed in mid-2017.
Mr. Christodoulides campaigned as a
unifying force for ethnically divided
Cyprus, eschewing ideological and party
divisions. His message resonated with a
wide swath of voters. He says he wants
to resume talks but that a UN
framework governing discussions should
be renegotiated.
25

French President Pledges
A ‘New Era’ In Africa
French President Mr. Emmanuel
Macron vowed to reduce the number
of French troops in Africa under a “new
security partnership” with the concerned
nations and to roll out more ambitious
economic policies, in a bid to boost
France’s waning influence in the
continent. Mr. Macron called for
opening a “new era” in a speech at the
Elysee, the presidential palace, on
February 27, 2023, ahead of an
ambitious trip to Gabon, Angola, the
Republic of Congo and Democratic
Republic of the Congo. He said France
must move away from interfering in
parts of Africa that it once ruled as a
colonial power, adding that the continent
is no longer its “backyard”. Addressing
African countries as “partners with
whom we share interests and balanced,
reciprocal, accountable responsibilities”,
Mr. Macron said, adding “There is
another path”. He further said that
French military bases won’t be closed,
but will be transformed based on needs
expressed by African partners.
Mr. Macron’s speech came at a time
when France’s influence on the
continent is facing its biggest challenges
in decades. Growing anti-French
sentiment has led to street protests in
several West and North African
countries. In addition, the historical
economic ties that France had with the
region are under pressure from the
growing commercial presence of Russia,
China and Turkiye. Mr. Macron
acknowledged that Africa now is a “field
of competition” and urged French
businesses to “wake up” and get
involved in the fight. Mr. Macron, 45, is
the first French President born after the
end of colonial era. He has previously
sought to extend France’s cooperation
with English-speaking countries, such as
Ghana and Kenya, and increase French
investments in Africa’s private sector.
In 2022, French troops had to
withdraw from Mali, which turned
instead to private Russian military
contractors of the Wagner group, and
most recently from Burkina Faso, which
also appears to increasingly look towards
Moscow. In 2022, Mr. Macron had
announced the formal end of the so-
called Barkhane Military Force after
France withdrew its troops from Mali.
French operations to help fight Islamic
extremists in the Sahel region are now
focussing mostly on Niger and Chad,
where the country still has about 3,000
troops. In Burkina Faso, Boubacari
Dicko, the emir, or traditional chief, of
the northern city of Djibo near the
26
Malian border, said that a renewed
relationship between France and African
countries could be based on a win-win
partnership.
UK And EU Strike
A Northern Ireland
Trade Deal
Britain and the European Union (EU)
struck a landmark agreement to end a
festering dispute over post-Brexit trade
rules for Northern Ireland, potentially
resolving one of the most poisonous
legacies of Britain’s exit from Europe’s
trade bloc in 2020. British Prime
Minister Mr. Rishi Sunak and President
of the European Commission
Ms. Ursula von der Leyen announced
the deal, which they called “Windsor
Framework”, after hammering out the
final terms at a meeting in Windsor,
outside London, on February 27, 2023.
European Commission President
Ms. Ursula von der Leyen and UK
Prime Minister Mr. Rishi Sunak on
February 27, 2023 announced a
landmark Northern Ireland trade deal
called ‘ Windsor Framework’.
“United Kingdom and the European
Union may have had differences in the
past but we are allies, trading partners
and friends,” Mr. Sunak declared, adding,
“this is new beginning of a new chapter
in our relationship.” Ms. Von der Leyen
said that the agreement would allow
them to remove a source of friction and
focus on greater challenges including
curbing climate change and defending
Ukraine in its war with Russia. Mr. Sunak
highlighted three features of the deal: a
“green lane” with little bureaucracy for
good travelling from Britain to Northern
Ireland; a provision allowing the British
Parliament to set value-added tax and
excise duties for Northern Ireland; and
an “emergency brake” enabling the
elected Assembly in Belfast to prevent
new EU law on goods from being
applied there.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
The agreement, concluded after weeks
of confidential talks and multiple false
starts, could have far-reaching economic
and political consequences: averting a
trade war between Britain and the EU,
smoothing Britain’s relations with its
continental neighbours and opening the
door to restoring a functional
government in Northern Ireland after
months of paralysis. It could also
remove a lingering irritant between UK
and the USA as President Mr. Joe Biden
had pressed Prime Minister Mr. Sunak
of Britain to negotiate an end to the
impasse with Brussels.
Northern Ireland’s trade rules, known
as the Northern Ireland Protocol, are
fiendishly complex and have become a
totemic issue for Brexiteers and
unionists because of the territory’s
unique status: It is part of the United
Kingdom but shares a land border with
the Republic of Ireland, a member of
EU and its single market. The rules were
designed to avoid customs checks at the
land border, which would be
unacceptable for Ireland and for many
in Northern Ireland, particularly the
nationalists, the largely Catholic part of
the population that wants the territory
to unite with Ireland.
Seattle Becomes First
US City To Ban Caste
Discrimination
Seattle has become the first US city
to outlaw caste discrimination after its
local council passed a resolution, moved
by an Indian-American politician and
economist, to add caste to its non-
discrimination policy. The resolution
moved by Ms. Kshama Sawant, an
upper-caste Hindu, who is a city council
member, was approved on February 21,
2023 by the Seattle City Council by six
to one vote. “It’s official: our movement
has won a historic, first-in-the-nation ban
on caste discrimination in Seattle!
Now we need to build a movement to
spread this victory around the country,”
Ms. Sawant said soon after the resolution
was voted. The results of the vote could
have far-reaching implications on the
issue of caste discrimination in the US.
Equality Labs, the brain behind the
anti-caste discrimination resolution in
Seattle and which has been spearheading
a nationwide campaign said, “Love has
won over hate as Seattle has become
the first in the nation to ban caste
discrimination. We have braved rape
threats, death threats, disinformation,
and bigotry.” It has created a coalition
of some 200 organisations in support
of its efforts over the issue. Central to
this coalition is a network of more than
30 anti-caste Ambedkarite organisations.
Among them are the Ambedkar King
Study Circle, Ambedkar International
Center, Ambedkarite Buddhist
Association of Texas and Boston Study
Group. “Caste discrimination has no
place in society anywhere in the world,
including here in America. That is why
some colleges and universities have
banned it on campuses, and workers are
fighting for their rights and their dignity
in cases involving caste discrimination,”
Ms. Sawant said.
Many Indian-Americans fear that
codifying caste in public policy will
further fuel instances of Hinduphobia
in the US. Since 2019, ten Hindu
temples and five statues, including those
of Mahatma Gandhi and Maratha
emperor Shivaji, have been vandalised
across the US as an intimidation tactic
against the Hindu community. Indian
Americans are the second-largest
immigrant group in the US. According
to data from the 2018 American
Community Survey (ACS), which is
conducted by the US Census Bureau,
there are 4.2 million people of Indian
origin residing in the United States.
FATF Suspends Russia’s
Membership Over
Ukraine War
Global anti-money laundering
watchdog, the Financial Action Task
Force (FATF), suspended Russia’s
membership for its “illegal, unprovoked
and unjustified” full-scale military
invasion of Ukraine, said an official
statement issued after the group’s five-
day plenary concluded in Paris on
February 24, 2023. “Russia’s actions
unacceptably run counter to the FATF
core principles aiming to promote
security, safety and the integrity of the
global financial system and they also
represent a gross violation of the
commitment to international
cooperation and mutual respect upon
which FATF members have agreed to
implement and support the FATF
standards”, the statement said.
The FATF sets standards for more
than 200 countries and jurisdictions and
seeks to help authorities tackle serious
crimes, including drug smug gling,
human trafficking and terrorism. The
Russian Federation remains accountable
for its obligation to implement the FATF
standards. “The Russian Federation must
continue to meet its financial obligations.
The Russian Federation will remain a
member of the Global Network as an
active member of the Eurasian Group
on Money Laundering (EAG) and retain
its rights as an EAG member,” it said.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
The FATF continues to call upon all
jurisdictions to remain vigilant of threats
to the integrity, safety and security of
the international financial system arising
from the Russian Federation’s war
against Ukraine.
It is pertinent to note that Russia has
been expelled from the Council of
Europe and suspended from the UN
Human Rights Council, but is still a
member of many international
organisations. The FATF also added
Nigeria and South Africa to its list of
countries subject to increased
monitoring, and removed Cambodia and
Morocco from the category.
Russia Suspends New
START With United States
Russian President Mr. Vladimir Putin
announced that his country was
suspending its participation in the New
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New
START) with the United States,
imperiling the last remaining pact that
regulates the world’s two largest nuclear
arsenals. Mr. Putin made the declaration
in his much-delayed annual State of the
Nation Address to Russia’s National
Assembly on February 21, 2023.
Simultaneously, in a lengthy statement
published on its website, Russia’s Foreign
Ministry said that the decision to
suspend participation in the Treaty is
“reversible”, adding that “Washington
must show political will, make
conscientious efforts for a general de-
escalation and create conditions for the
resumption of the full functioning of
the Treaty and, accordingly,
comprehensively ensuring its viability.”
Russian President Mr. Vladimir Putin on
February 21, 2023 announced suspension
of 'New START' with the US.
While Russia did not withdraw from
the Treaty completely, it appeared to be
formalising its current position. In his
speech, Mr. Putin suggested that the US
would share information about Russia’s
nuclear facilities with Ukraine while
calling a full return to the Treaty
“absurd”. Despite ending its adherence
to inspections, the Russian Foreign
Ministry said that the country intends to
observe and adhere to the limits “within
the life cycle” of the arms control Treaty,
which is set to expire in 2026. US
Secretary of State Mr. Antony Blinken
called Mr. Putin’s decision “deeply
unfortunate and irresponsible.” He said
that President Mr. Joe Biden’s
administration remains ready to talk
about the nuclear arms Treaty “at any
time with Russia, irrespective of anything
else going on in the world.” He was
joined by other Western allies, like France
and the United Kingdom, which called
on Mr. Putin to reverse the suspension.
The New START was signed in
Prague in 2010 as a continuation of the
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which
had expired the previous year and
oversaw a drawdown of nuclear forces
between the two superpowers in the
1990s. The new agreement puts limits
on the number of deployed
intercontinental-range nuclear weapons
that both the US and Russia can have.
The number of deployed warheads—
warheads that are placed on missiles or
in military bases with operational
forces—was capped at 1,550 and there
are additional ceilings on the individual
number of deployed missiles, bombers
and launchers as well. Also, both the
countries are permitted to conduct
inspections of each other’s weapons
sites, though inspections had been halted
since 2020 due to the Covid-19
pandemic. The New START was last
extended in early 2021 for five years,
meaning the two sides would soon need
to begin negotiating on another arms
control agreement.
Mohammad Shahabuddin
Chuppu Elected 22nd
President Of Bangladesh
Mr. Mohammad Shahabuddin
Chuppu, a former judge and freedom
fighter, was elected unopposed as
Bangladesh’s 22nd President. The
development came after Chief Election
Commissioner Mr. Kazi Habibul Awal
scrutinised nomination papers and
declared Mr. Chuppu, a member of the
Awami League Advisory Council and
the party’s nominee, the President-
elect of Bangladesh. The 74-year-old
Mr. Chuppu will replace incumbent
Mr. Mohammad Abdul Hamid, the
longest-serving President of Bangladesh
whose tenure will end on April 23, 2023
and the Constitution bars him from
holding a third term. A gazette was
issued on February 13, 2023 on the
appointment of the new Bangladesh
President by the Chief Election
Commissioner.
27
 Born in the northwestern Pabna
district, Mr. Chuppu was a leader of
Awami League’s student and youth wings
in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He
also took part in the 1971 Liberation
War and was imprisoned for waging a
protest after the August 15, 1975
assassination of Bangladesh’s founder
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
in a military coup along with most of
his family members. The coup also led
to the toppling of the Awami League
government. In 1982, Mr. Chuppu was
inducted into the country’s judicial
service. He served as the coordinator
of the Bangabandhu murder trial when
Awami League returned to power in
the 1996 general election. After his
retirement as a district and sessions
judge, Mr. Chuppu served as one of
the commissioners of the independent
Anti-Corruption Commission. He later
joined politics and became a member
of the Awami League Advisory Council,
which comprises senior party leaders and
technocrats. However, Mr. Chuppu will
have to relinquish the party post to
become the titular Head of the State.
World’s First Super
Magnets For Nuclear
Fusion Plants Developed
A UK firm announced the world’s
first set of “super” magnets that can be
used for testing nuclear fusion power
plants. Tokamak Energy said that the
Demo4 magnet has a magnetic field
strength that is nearly a million times
stronger than the Earth’s magnetic field,
making it capable of confining and
controlling the extremely hot plasma
created during the fusion process. “This
is a huge, visible moment that we’re
really excited about,” said Dr. Rod
Bateman from Tokamak Energy on
February 7, 2023. “Our magnets enable
the construction and operations of
spherical tokamaks, and so are a game
changer for getting clean, limitless fusion
energy on the grid faster,” he added.
Tokamak Energy CEO Mr. Chris
Kelsall said that the company’s new
magnet technology would help push
forward advancements by providing a
key component of the fusion process.
“The learnings from Demo4 will be a
key catalyst for delivering the global
deployment of compact, low-cost
spherical tokamak power plants,” he
said, adding, “we are proud to be
delivering this world-first, complete
system of HTS magnetic coils, which
will now be assembled into a full
tokamak configuration for testing.”
Tokamak Energy is aiming to be the
first private company to produce
28
commercial fusion energy, with the goal
of demonstrating grid-ready fusion in
the early 2030s.
Nuclear fusion has been hailed as the
“holy grail” of clean energy, with
scientists working on the technology
since the 1950s. The process involves
mimicking the natural reactions that
occur within the Sun, providing near-
limitless energy without requiring fossil
fuels and without producing hazardous
waste. Commercialisation of the power
source still remains a long way off,
though several major breakthroughs in
recent years have given hope that it will
be attainable within the next decade. In
2022, scientists from the Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
in California became the first to achieve
a net energy gain using nuclear fusion
power.
Mw 7.8 Magnitude
Earthquake Hits
Türkiye, Syria
A earthquake of Mw 7.8 magnitude
on Richter scale struck southern and
central Türkiye and northern and western
Syria on February 6, 2023 at 04:17 TRT
or 01:17 UTC. The epicentre was 32 km
west-northwest of Gaziantep. The
earthquake had a maximum Mercalli
intensity of XI (Extreme). It was
followed by an Mw 7.7 earthquake which
was centred 95 km to the north-northeast
from the first, in Kahramanmara
Province. There was widespread damage
and tens of thousands of fatalities. The
More than 51,000 people were killed as
Mw 7.8 magnitude tremor hit Turkiye
and Syria on February 6, 2023.
Mw 7.8 earthquake was the strongest to
occur in Türkiye since the 1939 Erzincan
earthquake of the same magnitude, and
jointly the second-strongest recorded in
the country, after the 1668 North
Anatolia earthquake. It was also one of
the strongest earthquakes ever recorded
in the Levant. It was felt as far as Egypt,
Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Cyprus and
the Black Sea coast of Turkiye. The
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
earthquakes were followed by more than
2,100 aftershocks. The seismic sequence
was the result of shallow strike-slip
faulting.
There was widespread damage in an
area of about 3,50,000 sq.km. An
estimated 14 million people, or 16% of
Türkiye’s population, were affected.
Development experts from the United
Nations estimated that about 1.5 million
people were left homeless. As of
26 February 2023, more than
51,100 deaths were confirmed: more
than 44,300 in Türkiye and more than
6,700 in Syria. It was the deadliest
earthquake in Türkiye since the
526 Antioch earthquake and the
deadliest in Syria since the 1822 Aleppo
earthquake. It was the deadliest world-
wide since the 2010 Haiti earthquake,
and the fifth-deadliest of the 21st
century. Collectively, the earthquakes are
estimated to have caused $84.1 billion
in damages, making them the fourth-
costliest earthquakes on record. It
was the deadliest natural disaster in
Turkiye’s modern history. Damaged
roads, winter storms and disruption to
communications hampered the national
disaster agency AFAD’s rescue and relief
effort, which included a 60,000-strong
search-and-rescue force, 5,000 health
workers and 30,000 volunteers.
Following Türkiye’s call for international
help, more than 1,41,000 people from
94 countries joined the rescue effort.
India, UAE, France
Establish Trilateral
Cooperation Initiative
India, France and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) announced the creation
of a for mal trilateral cooperation
initiative for projects in solar and nuclear
energy, the fight against climate change
and joint production of military
hardware. Union Minister for External
Affairs Mr. S. Jaishankar and his
counterparts from France and the UAE,
Ms. Catherine Colonna and Mr. Sheikh
Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan,
respectively, adopted a road map for
implementing the initiative during a
phone call on February 4, 2023. The
Foreign Ministers of India, France and
the UAE had met for the first time in
a trilateral format on the margins of
the United Nations General Assembly
in New York on September 19, 2022. It
was then that they decided to establish
a formal trilateral cooperation initiative,
with the aim of expanding cooperation
in various fields of mutual interest.
A joint statement issued by the three
sides, said, “The three sides agreed that
the trilateral initiative will serve as a
forum to promote the design and
execution of cooperation projects in the
fields of energy, with a focus on solar
and nuclear energy, as well as in the
fight against climate change and the
protection of biodiversity, particularly in
the Indian Ocean region”. In this
context, the three countries will explore
the possibility of working with the
Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)
to pursue “concrete, actionable projects
on clean energy, the environment, and
biodiversity”. While listing defence as
an area of close cooperation, the three
countries said that efforts will be made
to “further promote compatibility, and
joint development and co-production,
whilst seeking out avenues for further
collaboration and training” between the
armed forces.
A range of trilateral events will be
organised within the framework of
India’s G20 Presidency and the UAE’s
hosting of COP28 in 2023. The three
countries further agreed to expand
cooperation through initiatives such as
the Mangrove Alliance for Climate led
by the UAE and the Indo-Pacific Parks
Partnership led by India and France.
They will also use the trilateral initiative
as a platform to promote cultural
cooperation through joint projects,
including heritage promotion and
protection.
Equatorial Guinea
Appoints Manuela
As First Woman PM
Equatorial Guinea got its first woman
Prime Minister after Ms. Manuela Roka
Botey was appointed to the post by
President Mr. Teodoro Obiang Nguema
Ms. Manuela Roka Botey was
on February 1, 2023 appointed as
the first woman Prime Minister of
Equatorial Guinea.
Mbasogo. Ms. Botey had been the
Minister for National Education,
University Education and Sports since
August 2020. She was also the Vice-
Dean of the Faculty of Letters and
Social Sciences at the National
30
University of Equatorial Guinea.
Ms. Botey replaces outgoing Prime
Minister Mr. Francisco Pascual Obama
Asue who held the position for nearly
eight years. Ms. Botey’s new position was
announced by Mr. Obiang on state
television on February 1, 2023.
Equatorial Guinea has been ruled by
Mr. Obiang since 1979 when he
overthrew his uncle, Mr. Francisco
Macias Nguema, in a coup. The West
African country gained independence
from Spain in 1968 and since then, there
have only been these two Presidents.
Now 80 years old, Mr. Obiang is the
world’s longest-serving Head of State,
excluding monarchs. He cemented his
place as the world’s longest-standing
ruler back in November 2022 after he
was re-elected for a sixth term in office
with 95% of the votes.
US Offers Critical
Technologies To India
Under iCET
India and the United States of
America joined hands on critical
technologies including Space, Quantum
and Semiconductors. This was the
outcome of the inaugural meeting of
National Security Advisor Mr. Ajit Doval
with his US counterpart Mr. Jake
Sullivan in Washington, D.C. on
January 31, 2023. Both India and the
US have elevated their strategic
partnership with the launch of the
initiative on Critical and Emerging
Technology or iCET. “We are committed
to fostering an open, accessible and
secure technology ecosystem, based on
mutual trust and confidence, that will
reinforce our democratic values and
democratic institution,” said a Fact Sheet
issued by White House. India’s Prime
Minister Mr. Narendra Modi and the US
President Mr. Joe Biden had announced
the decision to elevate and expand the
Strategic Technology Partnership as well
as Defence Industrial Cooperation in
May 2022 on the sidelines of the QUAD
Leaders Summit in Tokyo.
The two countries have announced a
new bilateral defence technology road
map. This is expected to speed up
defence technology cooperation in the
areas of joint development and
production, especially related to jet
engines and other technologies. A new
invitation arrangement for a partnership
between the US National Science
Foundation and the Indian science
agencies has also been announced to
further expand collaboration in a range
of areas including Artificial Intelligence
(AI), Quantum Technologies and
Advanced Wireless Technologies. For
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
g reater collaboration between
consortium of leading researchers and
Quantum industry players, both the
countries have ag reed to the
establishment of the joint Indo-US
Quantum Coordination mechanisms.
The US has welcomed the
establishment of the India Semi-
conductor Mission. This is seen as a
shared interest in diversifying semi-
conductor supply chains globally, and
also enhancing the flow of talent
between India and the US in the
backdrop of the Chips Bill of the US
which is focussed on semiconductor
manufacturing and research &
development. Also, the two countries
are set to deepen cooperation in space
especially on human spaceflight. This
will include advanced training for Indian
astronauts at NASA Johnson Space
Center. The two sides are looking to
identify opportunities in commercial
space sectors wherein both countries
can collaborate, especially in NASA’s
commercial lunar payload services
project.
Australia Decides To
Remove British Monarchy
From Its Bank Notes
Australia has decided to remove the
British monarchy from its bank notes.
The nation’s central bank said on
February 2, 2023 that its new $5 bill
would feature an indigenous design
rather than an image of King Charles
III. But the King is still expected to
appear on coins that currently bear the
image of the late Queen Elizabeth II.
T he $5 bill was Australia’s only
remaining bank note to still feature an
image of the monarch. The bank said
that the decision followed consultation
with the centre-left Labor Party
Government, which supported the
change. Opponents say the move is
politically motivated. The British
monarch remains Australia’s Head of
State, although these days that role is
largely symbolic. Like many other
former British colonies, Australia is
debating to what extent it should retain
its constitutional ties to Britain.
One Australian dollar is worth about
71 cents in US currency. British currency
began transitioning to the new monarch
with the release of the 50 pence coin in
December 2022. It has Charles on the
front of the coin while the back
commemorates his mother. Prime
Minister Mr. Anthony Albanese’s centre-
left Labor Party is seeking to make
Australia a republic with an Australian
citizen as Head of State instead of the
British monarch.

February 2023 GST Collections
Cross Rs. 1.49 Lakh Crore
India’s Goods and Services Tax (GST) revenues grew 12.4%
in February 2023 to Rs. 1,49,577 crore, with tax receipts from
goods imports rising 6% and domestic transactions along
with services imports yielding 15% more from the figures of
the corresponding month in 2022. This is the 12th straight
month that revenues have surpassed Rs. 1.4 lakh crore, though
it was 5.06% lower than January’s Rs. 1,57,554 crore. Central
GST (CGST) collections stood at Rs. 27,662 crore, while
State GST accounted for Rs. 34,915 crore. Integrated GST
(IGST) inflows stood at Rs. 75,069 crore (including Rs. 35,689
crore on import of goods), while GST Compensation Cess
collections hit a record of Rs. 11,931 crore.
Q3 GDP Growth Slows To 4.4%
In a somewhat worrying scenario, India’s GDP growth
slowed to 4.4% in the October-December 2022 quarter, from
6.3% in the second quarter (Q2) of 2022-23. However, while
releasing the Q3 GDP figures on March 1, 2023, the National
Statistical Office (NSO) retained its full-year growth estimate
for the economy at 7%.
The NSO also revised the GDP contraction numbers for
the Covid-hit year of 2020-21, pegging the overall hit to the
economy that year at –5.7% as per Second Revised Estimates,
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
significantly narrower than its first provisional estimate of a
7.3% contraction. The Gross Value Added (GVA) in the
economy grew 4.6% in the third quarter (Q3) of 2022-23,
slower than 5.5% in Q2. Manufacturing continued to shrink
for the second quarter, albeit at a slower pace of 1.1%
compared with Q2’s 3.6% contraction.
Economists termed the manufacturing sector’s persistent
slack a negative surprise that brought Q3 growth levels lower
than their projections. Chief Economic Adviser Mr. V.
Anantha Nageswaran, however, asserted that the 4.4% GDP
growth print is “also because of the revisions made to the
previous years when the base has gone up”.
Workers With Advanced Digital Skills
Contribute Rs. 10.9 Trillion To GDP
Workers in India, who use advanced digital skills, including
Cloud Architecture or Software Development, contribute an
estimated Rs. 10.9 trillion or $507.9 billion to India’s annual
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to a new research
report by Amazon Web Services (AWS) on February 23, 2023.
This is attributed to the 92% higher salaries that these workers
earn compared to those with a similar education who do not
use digital skills at work.
The ‘Asia Pacific Digital Skills Study: The Economic Benefits
of a Tech-Savvy Workforce’, commissioned by AWS and
conducted by Gallup, examined how building a technology-
enabled workforce has significant benefits for workers,
organisations and the economy. More than 2,000 working
adults and 769 employers were surveyed in India across a
variety of public and private sector organisations and industries.
The Study found that advanced digital workers in India are
benefitting from more than just a boost in their income. As
many as 91% of workers who use advanced digital skills
express higher job satisfaction, compared to 74% of workers
with intermediate skills and 70% of workers with basic digital
skills. The Study also found that 21% of Indian organisations
that run most of their business on the Cloud reported doubling
of their annual revenues, compared to 9% of those that use the
Cloud for some or none of their business. Cloud-based
organisations are also 15 percentage points more likely to have
introduced a new or improved product within the last two years.
NSE Gets Final SEBI Nod To
Launch Social Stock Exchange
Leading bourse National Stock Exchange (NSE) said that it
has received final approval from markets regulator Securities
and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to set up a Social Stock
Exchange (SSE) as a separate segment on its platform. The
final clearance was received on February 22, 2023, the NSE said
in a statement. The Social Stock Exchange segment will provide
new avenue for social enterprises to finance social initiatives,
provide them visibility and bring in increased transparency in
fund mobilisation and utilisation by social enterprises.
31
 Under the rules, any social enterprise, Non-Profit
Organisation (NPO) or For-Profit Social Enterprise (FPSE),
that establishes its primacy of social intent can get listed on
SSE segment. For eligible NPOs, the first step for onboarding
starts with the registration on the Social Stock Exchange
segment. Post listing, NPOs can initiate the fund mobilisation
process by issuance of instruments such as Zero Coupon
Zero Principal (ZCZP) through a public issue or private
placement.
Currently the regulations have prescribed the minimum issue
size as Rs. 1 crore and minimum application size for
subscription at Rs. 2 lakh for ZCZP issuance. For FPSE, the
process of issue and listing of securities would be same as
applicable for issue and listing of securities under the extant
processes of the exchange, based on eligibility criteria for the
main board, SME Platform or innovators growth platform,
as applicable in addition to the criteria provided to be eligible
as Social Enterprises.
India A ‘Bright Spot, To Contribute
15% Of 2023 Global Growth
India continues to remain a relative “bright spot” in the
world economy, and will alone contribute 15% of the global
growth in 2023, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing
Director Ms. Kristalina Georgieva said in Washington on
February 22, 2023. “India’s performance has been quite
impressive. For this year, we expect India to retain a high
growth rate, 6.8% for the year that ends in March (2023). For
FY 2023-24 (April 2023 to March 2024) we project 6.1%, a
bit of slowdown like the rest of the world economy, but way
above the global average. And in that way, India is providing
about 15% of global growth in 2023,” said Ms. Georgieva.
That is the fastest growth rate among major economies. While
digitisation pulled out the world’s fifth-largest economy from
pandemic lows, prudent fiscal policy and significant financing
for capital investments provided in the Union Budget
2023-24 will help sustain the growth momentum.
Enumerating her reasons for why Indian economy remains
a bright spot in the world, Ms. Georgieva said that, for one,
the country has done really well to push the digitalisation that
has been already moving quite well as a major driver of
overcoming the impact of the pandemic and creating
opportunities for growth and jobs. Second, India’s fiscal policy
has been responsive to economic conditions. Ms. Georgieva
said that she was impressed by two things in the 2023-24
Union Budget presented by the Union Finance Minister
Ms. Nirmala Sitharaman. “The first one is how much care is
placed on balancing development needs with fiscal
responsibility in India. So, you have a budget that is realistic
on the revenue side with a focus on growth-supporting
spending. And secondly, the investment in capital expenditures,
that is there to provide the long-term foundation for growth,”
she said.
Exports Decline 6.59% In January
2023, Trade Gap Hits 12-Month Low
Contracting for the second month in a row, India’s exports
dipped by 6.59% to $32.91 billion in January 2023 due to
slowdown in global demand, even as the trade deficit touched
a 12-month low of $17.75 billion during the month, according
to official data released by the Union Ministry of Commerce
& Industry on February 15, 2023. Imports in January 2023
too contracted by 3.63%, the second consecutive month, to
$50.66 billion. Cumulatively, however, during April-January
2022-23, the country’s merchandise exports rose 8.51% to
32
ECONOMY INDICATORS
Bank Rate : 6.75%
Repo Rate : 6.50%
Reverse Repo Rate : 3.35%
Cash Reserve Ratio : 4.5%
Statutory Liquidity Ratio : 18.00%
Base Rate : 8.65–9.40%
(As on March 2, 2023)
$369.25 billion, while imports increased 21.89% to
$602.20 billion, the data showed. The merchandise trade deficit
for the April-January 2022-23 stood at about $232.95 billion.
Export sectors that recorded negative growth during the
10 months of April-January 2022-23 include engineering
goods, iron ore, plastic and linoleum and gems and jewellery.
Engineering exports dipped by 3.37% to $88.27 billion during
April-January 2022-23. In the same period, gems and jewellery
shipments declined by 0.54% to $31.61 billion. On the other
hand, sectors which recorded positive growth include
petroleum products, electronic goods, rice, ready-made
garments of textiles and chemicals. The overall exports (goods
and services) growth in the April-January 2022-23 is about
17.33%. The main engine behind this export growth is the
Services sector, which has been growing at a historically high
growth rate of about 30%. The country’s merchandise exports
recorded a growth during April-January 2022-23 in spite of
global headwinds, political turmoil and recessionary trends
amongst the major economies.
Gold imports during April-January 2022-23 contracted by
11.26% to $29 billion, as against $40.35 billion in the same
period of 2021-22. In the 10 months of the current fiscal
2022-23, crude oil imports rose 53.54% to $178.45 billion.
Similarly, imports of coal, coke and briquettes rose by 18.91%
to $43.17 billion.
WPI Inflation Declines To 24-Month
Low Of 4.73%; 8th Consecutive Fall
Declining for the eighth consecutive month, India’s
Wholesale Price Index (WPI) based inflation further eased to
a 24-month low of 4.73% in January 2023, against 4.95% in
December 2022. The WPI inflation in January 2023 eased on
account of cheaper manufactured items, fuel and power.
“Decline in the rate of inflation in January 2023 is primarily
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
contributed by mineral oils, chemicals & chemical products,
textiles, crude petroleum & natural gas, textiles and food
products,” the Union Commerce & Industry Ministry said in
a statement on February 14, 2023.
Inflation in food articles, however, rose to 2.38% in January
2023, from (–) 1.25% in December 2022. In fuel and power,
the inflation was 15.15% during January 2023. Inflation in
manufactured products was 2.99% during the month, according
to the data. Inflation in pulses was 2.41%, while in vegetables
was (–) 26.48%. Inflation in oil seeds was (–) 4.22% in January
2023. Fuel and power basket inflation eased to 15.15% from
18.09% in December 2022. In Manufactured products, it was
2.99% against 3.37% in December 2022.
UPI Goes Global As India, Singapore
Launch Instant Fund Transfer
To enable faster remittances between India and Singapore,
India’s retail payment system Unified Payment Interface
(UPI) and its equivalent network in Singapore called
PayNow were integ rated on
February 21, 2023. The linkage will
allow users from both countries
to access faster and more cost-
efficient cross-border remittances.
Mr. Shaktikanta Das, Governor
of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
and Mr. Ravi Mohan, Managing
Director of the Monetary Authority
of Singapore, launched the facility
through token transactions using
UPI-PayNow linkage. Prime
Minister Mr. Narendra Modi and
Singapore’s Prime Minister Mr. Lee
Hsien Loong virtually attended the
launch event.
Stating that the linkage is a “new
era in cross-border fintech
connectivity”, Mr. Modi said that it
will provide a low-cost, secure and
real-time option for cross border
remittances between India and
Singapore. Singapore PM Mr. Lee
Hsien Loong said the idea of the
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
linkage was first conceived in 2018 when PM Mr. Modi had
visited Singapore.
The UPI-PayNow linkage is a significant milestone in the
development of infrastructure for cross-border payments
between India and Singapore—which is among the major
countries sending remittances to India—and closely aligns
with the G20’s financial inclusion priorities of driving faster,
cheaper and more transparent cross-border payments. Cross-
border remittances between India and Singapore amount to over
$1 billion annually. Of the total inward remittances to India in
2020-21, the share of Singapore stood at 5.7%, according to
the Reserve Bank of India Remittance Survey, 2021.
To begin with, State Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank,
Indian Bank and ICICI Bank will facilitate both inward and
outward remittances while Axis Bank and DBS India will
facilitate inward remittances, according to a statement by the
RBI. For Singapore users, the service will be made available
through DBS-Singapore and Liquid Group, which is a non-
bank financial institution. The RBI said that more banks will
be included in the linkage over time. Currently, Indian users
of the participating banks will be able to remit up to
Rs. 60,000 in a day using the mobile apps.
ADB Pledges $25 Billion For India’s
Infrastructure, Social, Green Needs
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has committed up to
$25 billion for the next five years to fund India’s infrastructure
creation under the PM Gati Shakti initiative as well as social
development and climate action to help the country meet
its priority development needs. In his meeting with
PM Mr. Narendra Modi on February 21, 2023, ADB President
Mr. Masatsugu Asakawa conveyed ADB’s intention to provide
$20-25 billion resources over five years to advance the
country’s aspirations for fast, inclusive and green growth, ADB
said in a statement.
Mr. Modi and Mr. Asakawa also discussed the ADB’s
Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for India 2023-2027. ADB
is now finalising the new 5-year CPS following a
comprehensive stakeholder consultation process. ADB will
provide multifaceted support for India’s key priorities,
including the important infrastructure push under the PM
Gati Shakti (National Master Plan for multimodal connectivity)
33
initiative, building future cities, mobilising domestic resources
and strengthening basic services in disadvantaged districts.
The green growth agenda will drive ADB’s India programme
to help the country fulfil its global climate action commitments.
ADB will focus on supporting the decarbonisation of transport
and the clean energy transition, including carbon market
development and circular economy transition. Climate change
adaptation actions are planned through projects on flood
management, coastal protection, water use efficiency
improvement and agriculture value chain development.
ADB started operations in India in 1986. As of
December 31, 2022, it had committed $52.28 billion in
sovereign lending in the country and $6.75 billion in non-
sovereign lending and investment. ADB’s current India
portfolio comprises 64 projects worth about $16 billion across
the transport, urban, energy, human development, agriculture
and natural resources, and finance sectors. Mr. Asakawa also
visited the ADB-funded Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit
System Investment Project. Established in 1966, ADB is owned
by 68 members—49 from the region.
Retail Inflation Shoots Up To 3-Month
High Of 6.52% As Food Prices Bite
Retail inflation, measured by Consumer Price Index (CPI),
accelerated to a 3-month high in January 2023 on the back of
rising prices of cereals, eggs, meat, fish and milk, and reversed
the easing trend to pose a fresh challenge for policymakers.
Data released by the National Statistical Office (NSO) on
February 13, 2023 showed retail inflation rose an annual 6.52%
in January 2023, higher than 5.72% in December 2022 and
above the 6% recorded in January 2021. Rural inflation
outpaced urban inflation, rising 6.9%. Urban inflation was at
6%. The rise marks an end to the moderation in inflation
numbers in the months of November and December in 2022.
The reversal in retail inflation trajectory is mainly a result of
increase in food prices, with food inflation jumping from
4.2% in December 2022 to 6% in January 2023. While a
6% food inflation is not unprecedented in itself, what makes the
latest food inflation number more concerning is the fact that it
is high despite an 11.7% contraction in vegetable prices—they
have a share of 15% in the food basket of CPI—in January 2023.
A continuing surge in cereal inflation—at 16.1%, it is
dangerously close to all-time high values seen in the first half
of 2013. A sharp increase in prices of milk and milk products
(8.8%) and egg, fish and meat (6.3%) is the main reason
behind a rise in food inflation despite falling vegetable prices.
34
Given the fact that vegetable prices are the most vulnerable to
seasonal volatility, the latest food inflation underlines structural
rather than seasonal price pressures. While a sharp rise in food
prices has added to the inflation problem, core inflation data
shows that non-food non-fuel prices continue to remain sticky
at a higher than acceptable levels in the economy. Core inflation
remained unchanged at 6.2% in January 2023, making it the
sixth consecutive month when it has been above the 6% mark.
GST Council Reaches Consensus
To Create Tribunal, Cut Rates
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council, in its 49th
meeting on February 18, 2023, approved the creation of a
national tribunal mechanism with state benches for the
redressal of disputes, cleared pending compensation dues and
announced new taxation rates for items, such as pencil
sharpeners and rab (liquid jaggery), along with measures to
plug evasion in tobacco products. The Council also approved
proposal from the ministerial state panel that envisaged
tightening norms for evasion-prone commodities such as pan
masala and gutka. To curb tax evasion by gutka companies, a
specific levy will be worked out soon.
“The Group of Ministers (GoM) report on the establishment
of the GST Appellate Tribunal has been accepted with slight
modifications in the language that will be shared with States,
following which a final draft of the Tribunal’s setting up will
be worked out,” Union Finance Minister Ms. Nirmala
Sitharaman said while briefing the media after the Council
meeting. The final draft of the framework is likely to be a part
of the Finance Bill 2023. The government expects the Appellate
Tribunal to be operational by the end of 2023.
While addressing the policy matters, the Council also decided
to clear the entire dues of GST compensation pending to
States. The Centre will release Rs. 33,506 crore to States by
way of pending GST compensation. This includes Rs. 16,982
crore for June 2022 (entire pending provisional compensation)
along with final compensation of Rs. 16,524 crore to six
States which have given calculation certified by their
Accountant Generals.
Further, the Council also slashed the GST rate on pencil
sharpener from current 18% to 12%. It also lowered the tax
rate on liquid form of jaggery or ‘rab’ from 18% to 5%, if
packaged and labelled and to zero if sold loose. However, the
proposal of reducing GST on millet-based health products
has been deferred as the federal body did not reach consensus
on the percentage of millet to be the part of health product.
India’s Fuel Demand Sees Sharpest
Rebound In February 2023
India’s fuel demand witnessed the sharpest rebound in
February 2023 as petrol and diesel consumption rose by double
digits after a winter lull in the previous month of January
2023, preliminary industry data showed on February 16, 2023.
Petrol sales jumped almost 18% to 1.22 million tonnes in
the first half of February 2023, as compared to 1.04 million
tonnes of consumption in the first half of February 2022.
Sales were 18.3% higher than in Covid-marred first half of
February 2021 and 15.7% more than in the same period of
2020. Month-on-month, the demand was up 13.6%, reversing
the dip in the January 2023 when sales had fallen 5.1% month-
on-month because cold conditions cut vehicular movement.
Diesel, the most-used fuel in the country, posted a near
25% rise in sales during February 1 to 15, 2023 to 3.33 million
tonnes, as compared to the same period in 2022. Consumption
was up 16.7% over the first half of February 2021 and 7%
higher than 2020. Month-on-month, diesel sales surged 10.3%
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
from 3.01 million tonnes in the first half of January 2023. In
January 2023, diesel consumption fell 8.6% month-on-month
basis as snowfall in higher reaches halted truck movement.
Reflecting the trend, jet fuel (ATF) demand jumped 43.7%
to 2,94,000 tonnes during the first half of February 2023
when compared to the same period of 2022. It was 35.6%
higher than February 2021 but 12.8% lower than February
2020. Month-on-month ATF sales were up 4.22%. Similarly,
cooking gas LPG sales were up 4.1% year-on-year at
1.39 million tonnes in February 1-15, 2023. LPG consumption
was 14.7% higher than in February 2021 and 20.9% more
than in February 2020. Month-on-month, the demand was up
nearly 12% when compared to 1.24 million tonnes of LPG
consumption during January 1-15, 2023, the data showed.
Passenger Vehicle Sales Rise 17.23% In
Jan. 2023 To Over 2.98 Lakh Units
India’s passenger vehicle wholesales rose 17.23% in January
2023 to 2,98,093 units, driven by robust offtake of utility
vehicles, including the fast-growing sports utility vehicles,
industry body Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
(SIAM) said on February 13, 2023. The overall passenger
vehicle dispatch from companies to dealers was 2,54,287 units
in January 2022. Utility vehicle sales rose to 1,49,328 units in
January 2023 from 1,16,962 units in January 2022. Similarly,
passenger car dispatches grew to 1,36,931 units from
1,26,693 units. Wholesales of vans also increased to
11,834 units from 10,632 units in the year-ago period. The
passenger carrier segment witnessed the biggest growth at
37,061 units in January 2023 from 16,592 units in the year-
ago period.
Total two-wheeler wholesales in January 2023 rose 4% to
11,84,379 units from 11,40,888 units in the January 2022.
Scooter dispatches grew to 3,76,035 units in January 2023 from
3,61,299 units in January 2022. Motorcycle wholesales were
higher at 7,71,621 units in January 2023 as compared to 7,43,804
units in January 2022. Moped sales rose to 36,723 units from
35,785 units in the year-ago period. Three-wheeler dispatches
in January 2023 surged over two-fold to 48,903 units from
24,178 units in January 2022. Total wholesales across passenger
vehicles, two-wheelers and three-wheelers rose to 15,31,447 units
in January 2023 from 14,19,354 units in January 2022.
SIAM President Mr. Vinod Aggarwal noted that better
consumer sentiment is driving the demand for passenger
vehicles. Elaborating further on sales, SIAM Director General
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Mr. Rajesh Menon said: “Passenger vehicles again saw highest
ever sales in the month of January (2023) and for the first
time, it has crossed 3 million sales mark in 10 months, from
April (2022) to January (2023) period.” In the April-January
period of FY 2022-23, the total passenger vehicle dispatches
stood at 31,69,788 units, up 32% from 24,03,125 units in the
same period of FY 2021-22.
Government Cuts Windfall Tax On
Crude Oil, Aviation Fuel, Diesel
The Union Government cut the windfall tax on domestically
produced crude oil to Rs. 4,350 per tonne from Rs. 5,050 per
tonne, the Ministry of Finance notified in an official order on
February 16, 2023. The government also slashed tax on the
export of diesel to Rs. 2.50 per litre from Rs. 7.50 per litre, and
excise duty on aviation fuel (ATF) to Rs. 1.50 per litre from
Rs. 6 per litre. The cut in windfall tax came in line with rising
international oil prices. The new rates come into effect from
February 16, 2023. Petrol continues to have zero windfall tax.
Windfall tax is levied by the Union Government on profits
made by crude oil producers on any price they get above a
threshold of $75 per barrel. The Centre first levied windfall
tax on oil companies on July 1, 2022. The government had
levied a tax of Rs. 6 per litre each on petrol and ATF, while on
diesel, it was Rs. 13 per litre. The tax is reviewed every fortnight
by the government and is changed on the basis of international
oil prices. The Union Budget 2023-24 estimated the collection
from windfall tax at Rs. 25,000 crore in FY 2022-23.
India’s Imports From Russia Rise
Five Times In April-Jan. 2022-23
India’s imports from Russia jumped about five times to
$37.31 billion during April-January 2022-23 on account of
increasing inbound shipments of crude oil from that country,
showed the data released by the Union Commerce & Industry
Ministry on February 15, 2023. In 2021-22, Russia was India’s
18th largest import partner, accounting for $9.86 billion of
imports. Russia has become India’s fourth largest import source
during the 10-month period of April-January 2022-23.
India’s appetite for Russian crude oil in January 2023 rose to
unseen levels, continuing to remain above traditional middle
eastern suppliers for the fourth month in a row, as refiners rushed
to snap up plentiful cargoes available at a discount. From a
market share of less than 1% in India’s import basket before the
start of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Russia’s share of India’s
imports rose to 1.27 million barrels per day in January 2023,
taking a 28% share, according to energy cargo tracker Vortexa.
India, the world’s third-largest crude importer after China and
the United States, has been snapping Russian oil that was
available at a discount after some countries in the West shunned
it as a means of punishing Moscow for its invasion of Ukraine.
The Ministry data showed that imports from China rose by
about 9% to $83.76 billion during April-January 2022-23.
Similarly, the imports from UAE increased by 23.53% to
$44.3 billion. India’s imports from the US grew by about
25% to $42.9 billion during April-January 2022-23.
Exports to China, however, dipped to $12.2 billion during
April-January 2022-23 as against $18.4 billion during April-
January 2021-22.
On the export front, the US has emerged as the top
destination for Indian exporters during the 10-month period,
accounting for 17.71% of the country’s total outbound
shipments during April-January 2022-23. Exports to the
US increased to $65.4 billion as against $62.27 billion during
April-January 2021-22. Exports to the UAE increased
to $25.71 billion during April-January 2022-23 as against
$22.35 billion in the year ago period.
35

Gross Direct Tax Collection Grows
24% To Rs. 15.67 Lakh Crore
Gross Direct Tax collections grew 24% to Rs. 15.67 lakh
crore as of February 10, 2023 for the FY 2022-23, the Union
Finance Ministry said on February 11, 2023. After adjusting
for refunds, the net direct tax collection stood at Rs. 12.98 lakh
crore, a growth of 18.40%. The net collections are about
79% of Revised Estimates (RE) of direct tax collection for
fiscal 2022-23. The revised estimates for the FY 2022-23
pegged direct tax revenues at Rs. 16.50 lakh crore, higher than
the Budget Estimates of Rs. 14.20 lakh crore. “The provisional
figures of direct tax collections up to 10th February, 2023
continue to register steady growth. Direct tax collections up to
10th February, 2023 show that gross collections are at
Rs. 15.67 lakh crore which is 24.09% higher than the gross
collections for the corresponding period of last year,” the
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) said in a statement.
In the FY 2022-23, the revenues from direct tax (which
include income and corporate taxes) are projected to grow by
over 17% compared to 2021-22 fiscal when the collection
was Rs. 14.08 lakh crore. Between April 1, 2022 to February 10,
2023, the growth rate for gross Corporate Income Tax (CIT)
and gross Personal Income Tax (PIT) collections was 19.33%
and 29.63%, respectively. After adjustment of refunds, the
net growth in CIT collections is 15.84% and that in PIT
collections is 21.23% (PIT including STT). Refunds amounting
to Rs. 2.69 lakh crore have been issued during April 1, 2022
and February 10, 2023, which are 61.58% higher than refunds
issued during the same period in 2021-22.
IIP Growth Slows Down To 4.3%
In December 2022
India’s industrial growth, as per the Index of Industrial
Production (IIP), declined to 4.3% in December 2022,
according to the data released by the National Statistical Office
of the Union Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation on February 10, 2023. Industrial growth in
December 2021 was 1%. At 4.3%, the latest IIP growth figure
is well below 7.3%, the revised number for November 2022.
The data further showed that the manufacturing sector’s output
grew by 2.6% in December 2022. Electricity sector recorded
the highest production in December 2022, with a growth of
10.4% , followed by mining at 9.8% and manufacturing at
36
2.6%. As per use-based classification, the indices stand at
“144.8 for primary goods, 100 for capital goods, 151.3 for
intermediate goods and 166.6 for infrastructure or
construction goods” during December 2022, the data showed.
Further, the indices for consumer durables and consumer
non-durables stand at 109.7 and 173.2 respectively for the
month under review, it added. For April-December 2022, the
country’s industrial output is up 5.4% on a year-on-year basis,
down from 15.3% in the first eight months of FY 2021-22.
RBI Raises Repo Rate By 25 Basis
Points To 6.5% From 6.25%
Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) led by the Reserve Bank
of India raised the country’s policy rate by 25 basis points in
its last policy review of the fiscal year (FY 2022-23) amid
moderating inflation. The panel increased the repo rate, or the
key rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial
banks, to 6.5% from 6.25%. With this, the repo rate has been
hiked for the sixth time in a row. The repo rate hike decision
was taken by a majority of four out of the six members of the
MPC in its meeting held from February 6 to 8, 2023. The
Committee also maintained its policy stance at ‘withdrawal of
accommodation’ to ensure that inflation remains within the
target going forward while supporting growth.
Explaining the MPC’s rationale for the decisions on the
policy rate and the stance, RBI Governor Dr. Shaktikanta
Das said, “Unprecedented events of the last three years have
put to test monetary policy across the world. Emerging market
economies are facing sharp tradeoffs between supporting
economic activity and controlling inflation while preserving
policy credibility.” “Amidst volatile global developments, the
Indian economy remains resilient. Looking ahead, while
inflation is expected to moderate in 2023-24, it is likely to
rule above the 4% target. The outlook is clouded by continuing
uncertainties from geopolitical tensions, global financial market
volatility, rising non-oil commodity prices and volatile crude
oil prices. At the same time, economic activity in India is
expected to hold up well”, he added.
For the FY 2023-24, the RBI projected a GDP growth
rate of 6.4%. The RBI also projected retail inflation at
6.5% for FY 2022-23 and 5.3% for the FY 2023-24.
Also, for FY 2022-23, the RBI has projected GDP growth
at 7%.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 INDIAN ECONOMY: THE BIG
PICTURE
Prof. V.P. Gupta
CMD
Rau’s IAS Study Circle, New Delhi – Bengaluru
Indian Economy has been witnessing a slew of crises
since 2019. In 2020, the economy was hit hard by
Covid-19 pandemic-induced lockdowns. Later in 2022, the
twin challenges of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to
supply chain shocks, particularly in fuel, food and fertilisers,
leading to steep inflation across the world.
The still-ailing recovery of the economies worldwide got
hit hard by inflation shock. In response, leading central
banks, particularly in advanced economies, orchestrated a
synchronised monetary tightening. This led to capital flight,
strengthening of the dollar and balance of payments crises
in many developing countries. India’s neighbourhood was
also not immune to this development as seen by economic
crises in Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh which were
forced to knock on the doors of the IMF for bailouts.
Slowing economic growth and inflation across the world
adversely impacted world demand and hit world trade and
exports.
India’s economy recently became the fifth largest
economy in the world. The economy rebounded from the
deep pandemic-induced recession and real GDP grew by
8.7% in 2021-22 fuelled by the world’s largest public
vaccination programme against the Covid-19 pandemic,
recovery in labour markets and increasing credit to the
private sector. However, growth has slowed in the present
year due to inflationary pressure and the tightening of
monetary policy.
To better appreciate the trajectory of the Indian economy,
a longer-term trend is essential. This is what the present
editorial will focus on.
POVERTY & INEQUALITY: India has made
significant progress in reducing poverty in recent decades.
According to World Bank, poverty declined from 40% in
2004 to 22.5% in 2011. This trend has continued since
2011 also. This has been due to robust economic growth
and expansion of social security such as the National Food
Security Act, Ayushman Bharat (Health Insurance for over
10 crore) and public provisioning for electricity, etc.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
EMPLOYMENT : India’s female labour force
participation rate remains extremely low, and unemployment,
particularly among youth, is high. The pandemic resulted
in the closing of schools and most affected vulnerable
groups such as females and youth with less education, daily
wage labourers and migrant workers. Reduced access to
education and training has adversely impacted human capital
formation.
EXTERNAL SECTOR: India’s trade openness has
reversed from the 2010 onwards due to a push towards
economic self-reliance and growing protectionism. India’s
average import tariff rate decreased from 80% in 1990 to
13% in 2008. This trend reversed and the average import
tariff rose to 18% in 2021, significantly above peer
economies. India’s trade openness measured as a ratio of
external trade in goods and services to GDP increased
from 15% in the 1980s to 56% in 2012. This declined to
38% in 2020. India’s integration in the global value chain
as measured by the share of foreign value added in India’s
exports which increased from 5% in the 1990s has plateaued
to nearly 17%. India’s non-tariff barriers remain above
peer economies. However, India’s recent trade agreements
with Australia and UAE and a slew of trade agreements
under negotiation is a welcome change. This additional
tariff reduction is expected to further deepen India’s
integration in global value chains and support growth.
DEBT SUSTAINABILITY: Debt sustainability risks
have increased for India due to high debt levels and elevated
gross financing needs amidst monetary policy tightening.
The public debt to GDP ratio stood at 89% in 2020-21
and is expected to remain at this level, before gradually
declining from the FY 2025-26 level. However, a slowing
economy can threaten India’s debt sustainability.
FINANCIAL SECTOR: India’s financial sector has
faced several challenges in the last decade such as the NPA
crisis in banks after the Global Financial Crisis and the
NBFC stress in 2018-19. This adversely affected credit
growth with a negative credit-to-GDP gap since 2012.
However, steps like the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code
(IBC), Asset Quality Review, and recapitalisation of public
sector banks have strengthened the balance sheets of banks
and credit growth to productive sectors of the economy
has shown a sharp increase.
DIGITALISATION: Sustained investment in public
digital infrastructure has improved the provision of
government services and enabled wide access to the masses
of government support. The widespread adoption of mobile
subscriptions and one of the cheapest 4G networks has led
to a digital revolution. UPI has led to the rapid growth of
digital payments; technology has improved tax compliance.
37
 GREEN TRANSITION: India is witnessing long-term
trends of increasing temperature, climate change, air
pollution and irregular precipitation which are reducing
productivity, damaging vulnerable regions and sectors, and
contributing to serious health problems. India’s response
to the unfolding climate crisis has been through an
increasing share of renewable energy and increasing energy
efficiency through LED distribution, compulsory audits
of energ y-intensive firms and improved consumer
awareness, etc.

THE ROAD AHEAD

For Debt Sustainability: The Central Government has
given a trajectory of fiscal consolidation with a commitment
to a 4.5% of fiscal deficit by FY 2025-26. A communicated
fiscal consolidation plan with a focus on revenue
mobilisation and improving expenditure efficiency is
essential to facilitate private sector-led growth and maintain
price stability.
For Inclusive Growth: High-quality spending on
infrastructure, education and health is essential for long-
term growth and should be protected to support green
and inclusive growth.
For Financial Sector: Focus should be on ensuring
adequate credit growth and improving the balance sheets
of banks to sustain economic growth. Banks should be
encouraged to be well-capitalised and have additional capital
buffers.
For Digitalisation: To maximise benefits from
digitalisation, focus should be on bridging the digital divide
as still a majority of Indians are mostly females living in
rural areas of less wealthy States. A comprehensive data
protection law that enhances the trust of individuals in
digital services should be enacted.
For External Sector: Further efforts should be made
towards investment, liberalisation and tariff reduction
leading to deeper integration in global value chains and
perpetuating a virtuous cycle of trade and resilient growth.
The exchange rate should continue to act as a shock
absorber with foreign exchange intervention limited to
ensuring orderly movements.
For Governance: Strengthening governance, regulatory
framework and rule of law can reduce the scope for
corruption, foster transparency and safeguard public
accountability.
For Green Growth: Focus should be on scaling up
renewable power, electricity storage, better coordination
of the flow of electricity among renewable-rich and less
endowed States, and nationwide charging infrastructure.
At the same time, India should expand existing social safety
nets, making infrastructure climate-resilient and transitioning
towards a climate-resilient agriculture.
For Employment: Reforms should focus on improving
female labour participation, reducing youth unemployment,
and strengthening vocational training and education which
will lead to the accumulation of human capital and unleash
the potential of India’s labour markets. Creating more job
opportunities in industries and services will facilitate the
shift of labour toward more productive sectors, improving
total factory productivity.
38 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

Can India Tame The
Chinese Dragon?
Over a period of time, group
discussions have acquired increased
significance in business, academic and
administrative activities. Group
discussions provide a platform for all
participants to express their ideas through
an exchange of oral communication. This
communication is usually fairly structured
and systematic, where the participants
are asked to express their views on a given
topic, situation or problem. Group
discussions can also be called a type of
meeting, but meetings are usually more
formal. A group discussion may or may
not have a definite purpose and could aim
at merely collecting some opinions or
ideas on a topic without reaching an end.
However, group discussions are also being
fruitfully utilised to assess candidates for
jobs and admissions to well-known
institutions. It is interesting to observe
that while candidates participate in a
competitive group discussion, they also,
at the same time, reveal a number of their
personality traits, which are considered
significant for both managers and
administrators. Some important such
traits include leadership, team spirit, self-
confidence, assertive behaviour, oral
expression, awareness, etc.
While screening candidates for
admission to a prestigious management
institute, 9 candidates were called to
participate in a group discussion. Three
assessors were assigned the task of
evaluating these 9 candidates. Candidates
were asked to come for the GD session
in formal dress and were made to sit in a
semi-circle facing the three assessors.
They were allotted Identification
Numbers, which were prominently
displayed on their shirts. The purpose of
allotting identification numbers was to
ensure that candidates called each other
by their Identification Numbers and not
names. It is felt that calling each other
by names could lead to a bias due to
caste, creed, religion and domicile, etc.
among the candidates as well as assessors.
That is why candidates were asked to
call each other by these numbers and
not names. This followed a detailed
briefing which included all do’s and
don’ts to be kept in mind while
participating in this group discussion.
Candidates were specifically informed
that they were at liberty to speak as much
as they wanted and could also speak for
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
GROUP DISCUSSION
—By Wing Commander Dinesh Mathur, VSM (Retd.)
Wing Commander Dinesh Mathur is a
senior selector and trainer. He has worked
as a selector at two Services Selection Boards
and Chief Instructor at Defence Institute of
Psychological Research, New Delhi. He has
conducted a large number of interviews and
group discussions during the last 2 decades
and has authored four books, including two
books on Interviews and Group Discussions.
He has received Vishisht Seva Medal
awarded by the President of India and
Commendation by the Chief of Air Staff.
or against the topic. They were told that
they could speak in Hindi or English.
But, they must ensure that all candidates
got a chance to express their views on
the topic. Subsequently, they were given
three topics and asked to select any one
topic after mutual agreement. The above
topic was selected by this group for
discussion. If they so desired, candidates
were given a choice to note down some
points on a piece of paper to refresh
their memory while they discussed the
topic. Finally, candidates were told that
the three assessors will not intervene or
guide the proceedings and any candidate
could start and conclude the discussion
in the end. They were told to finish the
proceedings in about 25-30 minutes.
Thereafter, the group discussion
proceeded in the following manner:
Candidate No. 9 : Good morning
friends. Hope all of you are feeling fine
and are all set to exchange your views on
this widely discussed and an extremely
important current topic. I think presently,
the biggest foreign policy challenge today
India faces is its relations with China.
The recent stand-offs between the Indian
Army and the People’s Liberation Army
(PLA) of China along the Line of Actual
Control in eastern Ladakh and Arunachal
Pradesh have made things all the more
complicated and have resulted in
unfriendly ties between India and China.
Very recently, India’s Army Chief aptly
described the present situation on the
border with China as “stable but
unpredictable”. Presently, both India and
China have deployed a huge number of
soldiers and military assets along the
border. This became essential as the
China’s PLA continuously attempts to
change the status quo, like the very recent
offensive in Tawang. So far, Indian
soldiers have been successfully checking
any misadventures by the PLA. Even
though some friction points have been
resolved consequent to military talks and
diplomatic engagements, the situation
continues to be ‘unpredictable’. With this
background information, you may now
express your views as to how India should
deal with this belligerent posture of China.
Candidate No. 6 : Well, I think
Number 9 has provided us with the
much-needed information to start our
discussion.
Candidate No. 7 : I feel, to put things
in perspective, we need some more
information to appreciate the present
situation and discuss whether India can
actually deal with this provocative
posture of China.
Candidate No. 5 : Quite right. I agree
with you. The real issue is the fact that
these face-offs between the two countries
occur since there is no clear demarcation
at the 3,488 km long Line of Actual
Control (LAC), which is a joint India-
China border. In terms of the LAC
boundaries, curiously the Chinese
consider that India’s LAC share is merely
about 2,000 km. So, there is a big
difference in perceptions of the two
countries in this regard and this leads to
frequent border skirmishes.
Candidate No. 2 : I would like to
remind you that looking back, India and
China have been having very good
relations for the past so many years in
terms of trade, culture, economy and
politics. Diplomatic relations between
India and China were officially
established in 1950 and India was the
first non-socialist country to establish
diplomatic relations with China.
Unfortunately, friends turned foes in
1962, when they fought a short but
bloody war. After that, the two armies
39
glared at each other and kept their
weapons ready. Both countries today play
a significant role in Asian and world
politics and both are among the fastest-
growing economies in the world. At the
same time, India, according to World
Population Review, has recently become
the world’s most populous country,
followed by China.
Candidate No. 4 : I think Number 2
has given us a good historical perspective
of India-China relations.
Candidate No. 9 : Yes, I would like to
add that during the last 70 years, China
has made dramatic achievements to
upgrade its economic as well as military
power. China’s progress has been
especially stupendous under the
leadership of Deng Xiaoping after 1976.
As its growth took long strides, China also
appeared more assertive and dominating.
Presently, other than India, China has
various disputes with a host of other
countries, including Taiwan, Philippines,
Japan, Vietnam, etc. In recent times,
a low in India-China relations was
witnessed in 2017 during the military
stand-off between the Indian armed
forces and China’s PLA over the Chinese
construction of roads in Doklam. India
had rightfully opposed the construction
of roads in this border area due to
significant strategic connotations and to
secure its frontiers from the military might
of China.
Candidate No. 1 : I feel Number 9
has brought to our notice a very relevant
piece of information.
Candidate No. 3 : We know China is
clearly the bigger military power
overwhelming India in troop numbers
and other defence equipment. China’s
defence budget is much larger than that
of India and, of course, the Chinese
economy is also much bigger in size.
Therefore, to tame the Chinese dragon,
India will have to adopt a comprehensive
strategy on more than one front to deal
with the present situation.
Candidate No. 5 : India-China
relations have been on a further decline
after the 2020 Galwan Valley incident in
which as many as 20 Indian soldiers lost
their lives. The tension at the border has
been escalating since then in terms of
political and economic association. After
the Galwan Valley incident, yet another
border dispute has ruffled the relations
between the two countries. This was the
incursion across the LAC executed by the
Chinese troops in December 2022, in the
Yangtse area in Tawang in Arunachal
Pradesh, which sparked geographical
tensions. Tawang is a corridor between
Tibet and Brahmaputra Valley and China
controls India’s water supply to the
northeastern region by constructing
several dams to use water as a geo-strategic
weapon.
40
Candidate No. 7 : I was wondering
what was the origin of the recent dispute.
Candidate No. 2 : Yes, the origin of
the recent dispute was the conduct of
‘Operation Yudhabhyas’, an India-US
joint military exercise at Auli,
Uttarakhand, which is about 100 km from
the LAC. China had raised objections to
the conduct of this exercise. It appeared
they were apprehensive about the
presence of American military men and
equipment in the vicinity of LAC.
Candidate No. 9 : Consequent to the
Galwan Valley incident, 16 rounds of
talks for disengagement have taken place
and it was agreed to create buffer zones
at Galwan, Pangong Lake, Gogra and
Hot Springs. Troops from both sides
were also withdrawn but certain areas of
disagreement remain. As a measure of
retaliation, India banned scores of
Chinese apps in 2022.
Candidate No. 8 : Do you think
banning a few apps would help India
deal with China? I don’t think so.
Candidate No. 5 : Yes, you are right.
But, I must highlight that despite all these
tensions, India’s dependence on China
to import goods has continued unabated.
In fact, it is most surprising to note that
China and India’s trade has grown from
$3 billion to nearly $100 billion in recent
years. India’s imports from China have
also recorded the highest jump in the last
30 months. Therefore, there is an urgent
need for India to reduce its over-
dependence on China in this regard if it
wants to economically hurt China.
Candidate No. 2 : Friends, I feel the
main issue is that China has already made
a grand strategy for global domination.
We need to accept the fact that as the
Russia-Ukraine war still continues, Russia
has not been able to dominate Ukraine as
it had, perhaps, planned. Therefore,
Russia’s reputation as a world power has
taken a dent and now China wants to show
that it is now in a position to directly
challenge the US, both in terms of
economy and military power. Towards this
aim, China realised the strategic
importance of the Indian Ocean well
before India did.
Candidate No. 1 : Yes, quite right. I
think Numbers 5 and 2 have brought out
really important aspects of India-China
relations.
Candidate No. 9 : Aiming to
dominate the Indian Ocean area, China
has taken control of a number of ports
all along India and beyond: Myanmar in
the east, Sri Lanka in the south, and the
Maldives and Tanzania in the west. Not
to forget Gwadar in Pakistan, from where
the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
also runs. In addition, China has made
very heavy investments in Nepal,
Bangladesh and other neighbouring
countries. With this scenario and China’s
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
frequent intrusions into Indian territory,
India can feel the threat of Chinese
dragon in its neighbourhood.
Candidate No. 5 : Yes, for some time
now, India has been facing intrusions and
very heavy military deployment by China.
In fact, China is playing a long-term game
in the Himalayas through its build-up of
warfare infrastructure. To be precise,
China has built up new security
installations, roads, railway tracks,
helipads, electronic warfare facilities, etc.
to implement its long-term military plans.
All this indicates that China does not want
peace with India, but a hot and tense
border to bog India down all the time. It
has also become apparent that China does
not show much interest to resolve the
border dispute in a permanent manner.
Candidate No. 3 : I would like to add
that despite China adopting an aggressive
posture, so far Indian military has
adequately matched up the Chinese
military deployment and did not allow the
Chinese military to have an upper hand.
However, notwithstanding all this,
Chinese intrusions still continue. This goes
to show that knowing Chinese intentions,
deterrence by only military action may not
suffice to check that country. Therefore,
India may need to adopt a more
comprehensive approach to deter China
from implementing its aggressive plans.
Candidate No. 4 : So, it seems India
is really trapped in all directions. Then
what should India do in such
circumstances?
Candidate No. 2 : We all know that
India cannot match the economic and
military power of China, yet the global
environment gives India a chance to have
a say in world affairs. But, India can
promote its well-established democracy
and earn the goodwill of its neighbours
by making more investments and
encouraging trade and business with
them. India can also help in the
development of its neighbouring
countries by providing technical
assistance and knowledge. Just as India
is providing much-needed help to Sri
Lanka in its ongoing economic crisis, it
must extend similar help to other
neighbours, if the need arises.
Candidate No. 7 : Presently, people
are being asked to boycott Chinese goods
to economically put China at a
disadvantage. Do you think this strategy
will really work?
Candidate No. 9 : No, I don’t think
so. To my mind, it might not be easy to
reverse the balance of trade in our favour
by merely boycotting Chinese goods.
Boycotting will make a very limited
impact. As a long-term strategy, we need
to work and create conditions to improve
Indian manufacturing capabilities, which
will create jobs and also help in our
economic growth. It goes without saying
that if we produce high-quality goods
using our manpower, software and start-
up capabilities, Indians will certainly go
for these products, rather than buying
Chinese goods. I think that is the real
answer to countering China in this regard.
Candidate No. 5 : Friends, we need
to clearly understand that China
deliberately wants to underplay its border
intrusions and continue to do business
and trade as usual with India. While India
must guard against this strategy and
reduce its business and trade with China,
it must immediately stop importing non-
essential, cheap and substandard goods
from China. At the same time, India
should pay urgent attention to the
manufacturing of goods, which are now
being imported from China.
Candidate No. 3 : Are you trying to
imply that presently China is doing good
business with India and at the same time,
using this money for creating resources
to build infrastructure which will be used
against India only?
Candidate No. 2 : To my mind, China
wants to have good trade relations with
India, but at the same time, it finds it
absurd that India, a country whose GDP
is one-sixth of theirs, continues to resist
China’s dominance in the region. That is
the reason China keeps India on
tenterhooks all the time. Therefore, India
needs to modernise and keep its defence
forces on a constant alert and also
upgrade its border infrastructure to match
Chinese military preparedness. To meet
this requirement, India must reduce its
huge imports of costly military equipment
from the US, Israel, France and Russia
etc., and focus all efforts to make military
equipment in India to reduce this
economic burden.
Candidate No. 5 : Yes, in this regard
I recall India bought arms worth
$24 billion from other countries in the
last 5 years. At the same time, half of
DRDO’s mission-mode projects are
running behind schedule and Tejas
fighters and Light Naval Combat Aircraft
are among them. India must avoid such
delays in making important military
equipment.
Candidate No. 8 : But, I really
wonder, in the present circumstances, is
it possible for India to stop all business
and trade with China?
Candidate No. 9 : No, I don’t think
so. China is a key global provider of
technology and goods and a big player in
global value chains. India will not be
benefitted from totally cutting off from
China at this juncture, but India must
make all-out efforts to increase its
industrial capacity to manufacture goods
and equipment to reduce its dependence
on China.
Candidate No. 6 : Yes, quite right. I
fully agree with this. What else can India
do to tame the Chinese dragon?
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Candidate No. 5 : Yes, China is a
much bigger military and economic
power, therefore, to counter China, India
has rightly taken a few significant steps
to increase its international cooperation.
Towards this aim, in the recent past,
India joined QUAD, which is a group of
countries having the US, Japan and
Australia as other members. These
countries have come together as they felt
the need to act against China’s dominating
actions, especially in Asia and the South
China Sea. Secondly, the US is now quite
keen to have a closer alliance with India
to contain China.
Candidate No. 2 : Yes, we saw that in
2020, when the Chinese military attacked
an Indian border post in the Galwan
Valley, the US was the first to criticise
Chinese aggression. The US has
repeatedly assured India that it now
stands with it on border conflicts, moving
past the stand that India and China
resolve the conflict through direct
negotiations. The US also feels that China
has not initiated sincere efforts to resolve
the border conflict with India. However,
China considers such a stand by the US
as “trying to add fuel to the fire”.
Candidate No. 9 : Friends, while we
discuss this topic, we must appreciate the
effort of our soldiers to prevent China
from unilaterally changing the status
quo. While the situation along the
border remains tense, as of now, after
negotiations, five of seven ‘friction points’
are being resolved. India has also recorded
a marked improvement in border
infrastructure development. Indian
Army is going ahead with plans for
modernisation and developing critical
combat capabilities. India has also
deployed adequate forces to meet any
Chinese threat. In view of the fact that its
economy is on a decline, China will
certainly focus on its economy this year.
But, it does not imply that China will soften
its attitude towards India or will not pursue
its expansionist plans. So, India has to
remain on alert.
Candidate No. 7 : I think the time
allotted to us is getting over and we must
conclude this GD now.
Candidate No. 3 : We may request
Number 2 to conclude the discussion if
you all agree.
Candidate No. 7 : Yes, Number 2.
Please conclude this discussion.
Candidate No. 2 : Friends, we had an
extremely engaging and informative group
discussion on this currently hot topic.
India is facing a very difficult situation
while dealing with a powerful neighbour
China, which has adopted a dominating
attitude towards India to establish its
supremacy in the region and the South
China Sea. We discussed various aspects
of India-China relations and, in particular,
how should India deal with China in the
present geopolitical scenario of the world.
We are aware that in recent years, China
has built up considerable military
infrastructure on the India-China border
and has deployed a large number of
soldiers and military gear to threaten India
and change the status quo, which has been
in existence for so many years. We also
discussed that India has to adopt a multi-
dimensional approach to deal with China,
which may include matching military
preparedness and reducing business and
trade besides dependence on China to
make goods and materials. This will not
be feasible unless India focusses on
indigenous manufacturing of goods,
which are now imported from China. At
the same time, India must maintain cordial
relations with its neighbours and
strengthen international ties with other
world powers, which may assist it in
dealing with this situation. Towards this
aim, India joining QUAD is considered a
step in the right direction. That’s all I can
say.
Thanks. You all have a good day.
Critical Assessment Of
Candidates’ Performance
Good: 2, 5 and 9
Looking at the performance of all candidates
it becomes apparent that these candidates had
come to participate in this group discussion after
adequate preparation. They spoke confidently
and put across relevant information and facts to
take this GD forward. While Number 9 took
the initiative to start the discussion, Number 2
was asked to conclude by other members of the
group. They displayed good awareness of the
topic and other candidates duly appreciated their
efforts. The contribution of these candidates is
noteworthy and that is why their performance
has been assessed as ‘ Good’.
Average : 3 and 7
These candidates have made some contribution
to this group discussion, but their effort has been
quite limited. It appeared that they had some
knowledge of this topic, however, they did not
put in the required effort to prepare the topic
adequately. It goes without saying that had they
prepared appropriately, they could have easily
performed much better. A candidate is certainly
needed to update his awareness about current
topics before taking part in a competitive GD
like this. Due to these reasons, their performance
has been assessed as ‘Average’.
Below Average : 1, 4, 6 and 8
These candidates decided to participate in
this group discussion without making any effort
to prepare the topic. It was observed that they
have been merely appreciating other candidates
or agreeing with those speaking. Their own
contribution towards this GD was barely
noticeable. They have been speaking off and on
just to make their presence felt by others. They
need to appreciate that adequate preparation is
essential to effectively participate in GDs, where
candidates are being assessed. Owing to these
reasons, their performance has been assessed as
‘Below Average’.
41
 FACING THE
INTERVIEW BOARD
The Right Approach
P.K. Antony belongs to Kochi,
which is located in the Ernakulam
district of Kerala. He had his
schooling at a reputed convent school
in Kochi and thereafter earned his
Post Graduate degree in Political
Science from Maharaja’s College,
Kochi, which is affiliated to Mahatma
Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.
Established in 1875, it is one of the
oldest colleges in India. His father
and mother are both senior doctors,
who are having their own medical
practice in Kochi. He has a younger
brother, who is doing his B.Tech. in
Computer Science. Antony had a
brilliant academic career, both during
his school and college days. While
completing his M.A. in Political
Science, he stood 2nd at Mahatma
Gandhi University. He is fond of
reading books and keeps a track of
political developments in the country
and around the world. In view of his
brilliant academic profile, he was
encouraged by his parents and teachers
to become a Civil Servant. Therefore,
while he was studying for his B.A., he
made up his mind to appear in the
UPSC Civil Services Examination. He
took a keen interest in upgrading his
general awareness and immediately
after completing his M.A., joined
online coaching from a reputed
coaching institute in Delhi. He found
this coaching quite helpful in his
preparation for the UPSC Written
Examination for Civil Services.
However, despite his sincere efforts,
though he cleared the Prelims but
could not clear the Mains. Though he
was a bit disappointed, Antony
continued his preparation with
increased focus and determination.
But, on his second attempt also, he
did not get an interview call. This is
his third attempt and this time he
performed much better and was called
for the interview also. He was much
relieved and decided to take classroom
coaching from one of the best
institutes in Delhi to prepare for the
42
UPSC interview. He came over to
Delhi to undergo this coaching. He
decided to join the classroom coaching
primarily to face the mock interview
sessions, which are an essential part
of interview coaching.
Antony again came over to Delhi
two days prior to the day of his
interview and stayed with his uncle in
Vasant Vihar Colony. On the day of
his interview, he got up early in the
morning and after saying his prayers,
went through the newspaper in a
detailed manner. He also had a hurried
glance at the study material provided
to him during the interview coaching
in Delhi to refresh his memory. He
was well aware that he was required
to put on formal clothes for the
interview session. He wore a light-
coloured suit with a matching tie and
well-polished formal shoes. He took
care to ensure that his formal clothes
were kept ready one day prior to the
day of the interview just to obviate
any last-minute panic. Antony received
calls from his parents and brother
from Kerala wishing him good luck
in the interview session. To ensure that
he reached Dholpur House (UPSC
office in Delhi) well before the time
of his interview, he booked a cab.
Before starting to go to Dholpur
House, he carefully kept all the
documents which he was supposed to
take with him to the UPSC office. As
he was well aware of the delays caused
due to heavy traffic in Delhi, he started
his journey to ensure that he reached
Dholpur House well before the
scheduled time of his interview. On
reaching Dholpur House, he reported
to the authorities his arrival and
completed the necessary formalities.
He was asked to wait in the waiting
hall for his turn to go for the interview.
In the waiting hall, Antony had the
occasion to meet a few other
candidates, who were also waiting for
their turn to go for the interview. After
waiting for a while, he was informed
that he would be called shortly and
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
that he should wait for the bell to
ring, which was an indication for him
to enter the interview room. Once he
got the indication, he knocked at the
door and asked permission to enter.
After one of the Board Members
asked him to come in, Antony entered
the interview room. He was a bit
nervous but entered the room
displaying a confident smile on his
face.
Antony : Good morning Sir. Good
morning Sirs. (He wished the Chairperson
first and then other Members of the Board.
Antony observed that the Interview Board
had a total of 5 Members. While the
Chairperson was occupying the seat in the
centre, he was flanked by two Members on
either side.)
Chairperson : Good morning
Mr. Antony. Please take your seat and
relax. How are you this morning? You
come from Kochi. Tell us since when
Kerala is known as “God’s own
Country” and how this tagline came
about.
Antony : Sir, as per Hindu
mythology, Kerala was created by Lord
Parasurama, an incarnation of Lord
Vishnu, so it is called “God’s own
Country”. Another view is that it was
in 1989, when Walter Mendez, the
Creative Director of an Indian
advertising agency, coined this tagline
at the request of the Tourism
Department of Kerala. The phrase
means an area, region or place
supposedly favoured by God. This was
used by agencies to showcase Kerala’s
natural beauty and not-so-explored
places across the State.
Chairperson : Kerala has the
highest literacy rate of all the States in
India. Can you tell us how Kerala
could achieve this goal?
Antony : Starting in the 19th
century, royalty had called for the State
to cover education costs. Later, Kerala
implemented social reform in the early
20th century which permitted access
to education for lower castes and
women. After Independence, all
governments made equity and social
goals a huge priority. But, the biggest
contributor to the success of this
programme is Kerala’s State Literacy
Mission Authority, which is an
institution that works under the State
government and receives funding from
it but operates autonomously. This
programme works on many levels,
including basic literacy programmes,
etc. and has given the needed push by
focussing on regions which have low
literacy rates.
Chairperson : According to you,
what are India’s economic growth
prospects in the coming year?
Antony : Economic Survey 2022-23
has forecast that India’s growth in the
fiscal year 2023-24 will be in the range
of 6-6.8%. However, the International
Monetary Fund’s (IMF) global
economic forecast indicates India’s
growth to be 6.1%. These forecasts
are largely in line with earlier estimates
and must be considered while keeping
in view the prevailing geopolitical
uncertainty.
Chairperson : What about China’s
economic growth?
Antony : The IMF has projected
China’s economic growth to rebound
to 5.2% in 2023. IMF expects China
to return to normalcy as a consequence
of abandoning its zero-Covid policy.
It is estimated that China and India
together will account for 50% of the
global growth.
Chairperson: Thanks, Mr. Antony.
<1st Member, please take over.>
1st Member : It has been repeatedly
reported that Indian jails are extremely
overcrowded. Why is it so?
Antony : The overcrowding is
because 77% of India’s 5.54 lakh
prisoners are undertrials. In other
words, three of four inmates have
not been convicted and more than
11,000 prisoners had spent more
than five years in jail without a
conviction. This explains overcrowding.
1st Member : In your opinion, how
can we get over this problem?
Antony : I think two factors are
mainly responsible for this situation:
delays caused by the judicial system,
and obsolete laws. The number of
cases pending in our courts is really
huge. Additionally, there are quite a
few provisions in laws, which need
review. These include laws concerning
rape, anti-dowry, prohibition and
sedition, etc. There are too many laws
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
that deprive citizens of liberty resulting
in too many Indians being locked up
waiting for justice. These laws need
reviews and must be followed by
prison reforms to resolve this issue.
1st Member : Russia-Ukraine war
has been continuing for more than a
year now. What do you think could be
the outcome of the present situation?
Antony : In the recent period, there
has been an increase in the supply of
western weapons to Ukraine, while
Russian attacks still continue. Ukraine
has been defending the supply of these
weapons by saying that these weapons
are to defend their country and not
attack anyone else. Earlier, both parties
were talking about proposals to end
this war. Now Ukraine is talking about
liberating all occupied Ukrainian
territories including Crimea and
Donbas regions. This indicates war
may now continue for some time. So,
presently the situation remains quite
unpredictable.
1st Member : Thanks, Mr. Antony.
<2nd Member, you may please take over.>
2nd Member : Can you tell us
about some major repercussions of the
Russia-Ukraine war at the international
level?
Antony : At the international level,
I think the West is caught in the
Ukraine war. The sanctions against
Russia and the embargo on Russian
oil by the US and its allies are still
continuing. A number of MNCs have
moved out of Russia, hoping that the
Russian economy would collapse, but
nothing of that sort has happened.
The war is taking a toll on the US and
EU economies as well. While in the
Euro region, growth rates have
declined, inflation rates are touching
a new high, primarily due to the
adverse impact of the decline in the
supply of Russian energy. Owing to
the fall in real wages in Europe, labour
agitations have started. To my mind,
these are some of the new major
impacts of this war.
2nd Member : Can you tell us what
is the current economic situation in
Sri Lanka?
Antony : Sri Lanka has been fighting
its worst economic crisis, amidst a
shortage of dollars, surging prices and
a lack of essential items like fuel and
medicines, etc. It also defaulted on
loans and was forced to seek a bailout
from the IMF. As of now, the worst has
been avoided and the downward
economic slide arrested. It is now
reported that IMF may extend
$2.9 billion in aid even without
assurances from China. China has a
large part of the Sri Lankan debt
compared to other nations. However,
it is estimated that Sri Lanka won’t be
out of the economic crisis for some
time.
2nd Member : In your opinion,
how far China’s Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) has been a successful
move forward?
Antony : China’s BRI is the greatest
global infrastructure initiative in
history, wherein China has lent over
one trillion dollars to Third World
nations. But, now the BRI is not doing
that well as a large number of
developing countries are facing a debt
crisis and in 2022, 60% of Chinese
loans have gone to distressed
borrowers. China resists write-offs and
borrowers are in a debt trap. The BRI
is now adversely impacting Chinese
finances. China is also holding back
debt relief to even nations like
Pakistan, which needs urgent help.
2nd Member : Tell us what are the
implications of the China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC) on India?
Antony : The biggest project under
the BRI is in Pakistan, the China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor. It has
several significant implications for
India, which include: a stronger BRI
will lead to Chinese dominance in
trade leadership, especially Chinese
control over trade via sea, the
emergence of Pakistan as an
outsourcing destination and the
establishment of Chinese String of
Pearls, etc. India has been opposing
CPEC as it passes through the
Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir territory.
2nd Member : Thank you,
Mr. Antony. <3rd Member, you may
please take over.>
3rd Member : What are India’s
concerns on the economic collapse of
Pakistan?
Antony : There are apprehensions
that the present economic crisis may
even lead to the collapse of the
Pakistani government. Recently, there
is also homegrown terrorism emerging
in Pakistan. This situation may lead
to the entire stretch from the Iran-
Afghanistan border to Lahore
becoming an extremist hotbed and
would pose a big security challenge
for India. This will generate a serious
Afghanistan-Pakistan problem for this
region. India has to be on guard
against such a disaster.
43
 3rd Member : Recently, Pakistan
has been wanting to have better
relations with India. How do you think
India should react?
Antony : Yes Sir, after making such
an offer, Pakistan was quick to qualify
that burning issues like Kashmir and
persecution of minorities in India, etc.
should be resolved. This has happened
in the past also when PM Mr. Sharif
made offers and then made hasty
clarifications. Presently, Pakistan is
facing an acute economic crisis and
internal turmoil. I think India should
not be in hurry to respond to such
sudden peace offers. However, quiet
conversations and creative diplomacy
must continue, which could lead to
building conditions for peace and
good neighbourly relations in the
future.
3rd Member : Tell us what is the
significance of Malabar drills.
Antony : Malabar naval drills, which
began as an India-US endeavour in
the 1990s, are now a clear
manifestation of increasing military
cooperation and sharing of
information among QUAD countries.
By conducting these drills, all four
QUAD nations, i.e. India, Japan,
Australia and the US have declared
their resolve to counter any aggressive
or expansionist action by China in the
region, especially in the Indo-Pacific.
So far these drills were conducted in
India or Japan, but this year these are
being conducted in Australia for the
first time.
3rd Member : Do you think these
drills were really strategically needed?
Antony : Yes Sir, China has the
world’s largest navy with 355 warships
and submarines. It would be difficult
for any QUAD country to deal with a
challenge posed by China individually.
Therefore, this partnership assumes
strategic significance. While India
already has good military cooperation
with Japan and the US, these exercises
have now strengthened India’s bilateral
military engagement with Australia
also. Australia has been keen to
expand defence ties with India and
also start military-industrial
collaboration.
3rd Member : Thanks, Mr. Antony.
<4th Member, you may please take over.>
4th Member : Can you tell us what
are the global challenges to which the
G-20 can help find solutions?
Antony : The G-20 countries, which
represent 60% of the world
44
population, 80% of the global GDP
and 75% of global trade, could help
in finding solutions to huge
international challenges like climate
change and other geo-political
tensions. In addition, other issues
include: the global economy is yet to
fully recover from adverse impacts of
Covid-19, food and energy insecurity,
high inflation and increased debt
vulnerability, etc. The G-20 is capable
of making realistic solutions to these
global challenges through dialogue and
deliberations, and during Indian
Presidency, India will make its best
efforts to facilitate this.
4th Member : During deliberations
of G-20, what are the major problems
which are being encountered by the
members?
Antony : The major problem is that
members from the world’s largest
economies are split over the inclusion
of the Russian and Ukraine war in the
press release or communique. While
the US and some other countries
would like to see a strong
condemnation of the Russian invasion
and the damage it has caused to
Ukraine and the world economy,
several other nations, including India,
are not keen on it. This difference of
opinion is difficult to be bridged.
Further, China has concern over the
issue of debt resolution, as it has
exposure to several countries which
are facing an acute crisis, including Sri
Lanka. So, China may obstruct
consensus on this issue also in the
communique.
4th Member : Tell us how is India
managing its oil imports currently?
Antony : India has been importing
oil from Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Russia,
etc. However, in recent months, oil
import from Russia has substantially
increased and in January 2023, Russian
imports increased to about 28%, while
Iraq and Saudi Arabia’s share remained
at 20% and 17% respectively. Earlier,
before the outbreak of the Russia-
Ukraine war, owing to uneconomical
transport logistics, Russian crude oil
accounted for only 0.2% of India’s oil
imports.
4th Member : Why this sudden
change has taken place?
Antony : After the outbreak of the
Russia-Ukraine war, the West
responded with sanctions followed by
a price cap and ban on importing
Russian crude. However, despite some
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
criticism, India continued to buy
Russian oil at a low price. Russian oil
continues to flow into India as refiners
are buying oil where the supplier
arranges shipment and insurance. India
now refines Russian crude oil to fuel
and supplies to Europe and the US.
Therefore, India is now playing an
increasingly significant role in the
global oil market.
4th Member : What are the
repercussions of this development in
Europe and other countries?
Antony : Under the EU guidelines,
India appears to be operating by the
rules. When Russian crude oil is
processed into fuels in a country
outside of the bloc such as India, the
refined product can be delivered to
the EU because they are not deemed
to be of Russian origin. Therefore,
there are no issues with this
development in the West and the US.
In fact, India’s role in the oil market
is set to expand if there are more EU
sanctions.
4th Member : What are your service
choices?
Antony : IAS, IFS, IPS, IRTS…
4th Member : Thanks, Mr. Antony.
Chairperson Sir, is there anything from
your end? We have finished.
Chairperson : It’s fine. You may
please leave. (Antony gets up and leaves
the interview room)
Critical Analysis of
Candidate’s Performance :
Antony’s overall performance in the
interview can be termed satisfactory. He was
asked a variety of questions on current affairs,
both national and international and he was
able to provide detailed answers to most of
them. Since he had made exhaustive
preparation for the UPSC interview, he was
in a position to quote the latest data and
information to support his answers. This was
appreciated by the Board Members. He was
a bit low on self-confidence at the beginning of
the interview but soon found that Board
Members were quite supportive. This helped
him regain his self-confidence. At the beginning
of the interview, a few questions were based on
the information he had provided in his Detailed
Application Form (DAF), and Antony was
well-prepared to provide appropriate answers
to these questions. During the course of this
interaction, he has displayed satisfactory
awareness of current affairs.
Antony could hope to get a score of 190-210
out of a maximum score of 275.
 Actual Civil Services Exam
Interview Reproduced Verbatim
I Practised Writing On Daily Basis For Mains.
For Prelims The Only Mantra Is Revision &
For Interview It Is My Voracious Reading Habit
Dr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat had
secured the 10th Rank in the
2016-17 Civil Services Examination
(CSE). Hailing from picturesque
Union Territory of Jammu and
Kashmir, Dr. Bhat thanks his
parents, siblings and his wife for
providing strength during his long
and arduous struggle for success in
the Civil Services Examination. A
strong desire to get into the system
and benefit people at large motivated
him to go for a career in the Civil
Services. He feels one year of
dedicated study is enough for serious
preparation in the CSE. Dr. Bhat had
been previously selected in Indian
Forest Services (IFoS) and Kashmir
Administrative Services (KAS)
examinations. He has a Bachelor’s
degree in Veterinary Science &
Animal Husbandry (B.VSc & A.H.)
as well as a Masters in Natural
Resource Management. Dr. Bhat had
begun his CSE preparation with
selective intensive study to gain
mastery in selected areas. As he grew
in confidence, he covered all those
topics that he had left out earlier.
Staying determined, following a well-
knit study strategy with frequent
revision is the key to success in CSE,
he adds.
Here, Dr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat
gives an account of his UPSC
interview to Competition Success
Review.
DETAILED INTERVIEW
Board: Chatter Singh
Total time of interview: 30 min
Marks obtained : 182/275
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
By IAS Topper
—Dr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat, IAS Topper 2017, 10th Rank
Dr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat
Dr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Good
morning Madam, good morning Sirs.
Chairman: Mr. Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat
(am I correct?), this is your photo?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Yes Sir.
Chairman: Is Haripora a village or a
town?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Sir, it is a
village.
Chairman: How long have you been
there?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Up to Class
one, Sir.
Chairman: So Bilal, you read
books, write poetry and play badminton
(good). You are already an IFoS
Officer. What types of books do you
read?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Sir, fiction
and nonfiction.
Chairman: Can you name some
books you have read?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Citizen and
Society, Alchemist, The Clash of Civilisations,
Future Shock, etc.
Chairman: Can you name some
wildlife of Jammu & Kashmir?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Snow
leopard, leopard, brown bear, red deer
(Hangul).
Chairman: Any threatened species?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Sir, Hangul
deer is threatened.
Chairman: What are we doing for
its conservation?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Captive
breeding in Dachigam National Park.
Chairman : If you are sent there,
what will be your approach?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: I will curb
the encroachment and human
interference by the people living
near the Dachigam National Park.
Encroachment leads to habitat
degradation. It also leads to problems
of human-animal conflict. Secondly, I
will relocate the sheep breeding farm
which is inside the National Park.
Chairman: Why do we need to
remove it?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Sir, firstly it
is against the legal provisions of Wildlife
Protection Act. It is not permissible inside
a National Park. Secondly, there is threat
of spread of zoonotic diseases from
domestic animals to wild animals which
can wipe out their population. For e.g.,
in Etawah lion safari, lions are dying of
canine distemper (CD) virus infection
and research points out that the
CD virus from local feral dogs is
responsible.
45
 Chairman: Is canine distemper a
bacteria?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: No Sir, it is
a viral disease.
Chairman: We must be having the
vaccination for parvovirus?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Yes Sir, we
have a vaccine. But the concept of
vaccination is more relevant to
domesticated animals and not wildlife.
We try to preserve the wildlife through
the least intervention.
Member 1 (lady): Have you heard
of Animal Farm?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Yes Ma’am,
it is written by George Orwell. I think
it is related to a communist regime plot.
Actually, I have read the essay—
“shooting an elephant”. I think I am
not sure ma’am.
Member 1: Is it (book) related to
animals? (in a sarcastic tone)
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: No ma’am it
is not. (strongly stressing)
Member 1: What was special about
yesterday?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: It was
22nd March (World Water Day), Ma’am.
Member 1: What was the theme?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: “Let’s not
waste water”.
Member 1: What are we doing in this
regard?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Ma’am, we
already have legislation like the Water
Prevention and Control Act to act as a
deterrent to prevent pollution of water.
Problems of water pollution stem from
industrial waste rich in metallic and
nonmetallic content, use of excessive
fertilisers, sewage waste from cities, etc.
Member 1: What is Gender Bias?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: It is
discrimination/inclination towards a
particular gender (male or female).
But it mostly is directed towards
women. The reason behind gender
discrimination is complex and
arises from the deep socio-cultural
phenomenon which transforms in the
shape of stereotyping and prejudice.
For e.g., towards girl child there is a
stereotype that they are not good at
Mathematics or Physics which is not true
but manifests in the society creating a
bias and discrimination.
Member 2: Have you heard of NPA?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Yes Sir.
Member 2: What is the difference
between NPA and Bad Debt?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: NPA is an
asset which might become bad going
further but still it has not turned bad.
46
A Bad Debt is where there is no scope
of repayment.
Member 2: How do you link the
cattle population with global warming
and climate change?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Sir, ruminant
animals (cows, buffaloes, sheep and goat,
etc.) release methane through belching.
Since the production is increasing day
by day, the contribution towards Green
House Gases (GHGs) is increasing too.
Since the demand is increasing for meat,
there is a challenge to balance the impact
on environment and to maintain supply.
Thus we are trying to make breeds which
release less methane per unit dry matter
like Vechur breed of cattle from Kerala
and modifying the environment in such
a way so as to reduce production of
gases. New nutritional feeds like
sargassum shows promise of generating
less methane.
Member 3: What is special about
today (23rd March)?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Shaheed
Divas (Martyrs’ Day). (Then I told him
about Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his
friends).
Member 3: Which countries are good
at badminton?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Indonesia,
Malaysia, China, South Korea.
Member 3: Where are you posted
nowadays?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: DFO Uttar
Pradesh CAMPA.
Member 3: Tell us your experience
as an IFoS?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: After
completing my basic training from Indira
Gandhi National Forest Academy
(IGNFA) and on-job training in District
Gonda, I was posted as Deputy
Conservator of Forests (DCF). I did
extensive patrolling of forests of my
jurisdiction. I tried to minimise the cases
which were pending. Protection and
conservation of forests and wildlife
was my primary duty. I also effected a
robust change in Human Resources
management and conflict resolution.
Member 3: What is the single most
memorable thing while being in
IFoS?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: I tried to
bridge the gap between people and the
forest by working closely with people
and students. This was by involving
school children in batches to visit forests
to get involved by asking questions
related to the importance of forests.
Member 3: Where from did you get
the idea of involving people?
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: From my
father who retired from Kashmir
Administrative Service in 2013. I learned
from him how to be compassionate. I
learnt from him the art of identifying
the problems of people and solving
them proactively with their help.
Member 3: What is the best learning
you got from your father?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: To see people
as a solution, not as a problem.
Member 4: You have been secretary
of literary club NADT? What does
NADT mean?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: National
Academy of Direct Taxes, Nagpur. As
a secretary of literary club, I coordinated
the events like literary festival, poetry
recital, one-act play and managed a
magazine, the contents of which were
contributed by probationers.
We organised a literary festival called
IQRA meaning ‘Padho’ (to read)
wherein we called eminent personalities
like Rajesh Bedi, Priya Kapur and Khalid
Mohammad.
Member 4: If I give you another
chance to organise, what changes will
you want?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: Sir, I will
make the programme voluntary so that
people who are interested can come and
involve themselves in the fest.
Participation should be backed by
interest.
Secondly, I will try to make the
programme smoother by removing
technical snags such as issue of mikes,
electricity and volume.
Member 4: Recently there is problem
in milk from exotic cattle? What is that?
Bilal Mohiuddin Bhat: The issue is
related to presence of A1 and A2 alleles.
Exotic cattle have A2 allele-codes for
synthesis of compounds in milk which
has been attributed to increased chances
of Diabetes, Autism and Hypertension.
It has been seen that local indigenous
cattle have A1 allele. The milk from
such cows is healthy and has no such
harmful effects. This has given impetus
to breeding policy of using local
indigenous breeds for upgradation.
Member 4: What is the new
government in UP doing (with smile)?
Already the government has
announced better work ethics (office
timing and people interaction), gutka and
pan masala are banned in government
offices, etc. (with a smile).
Chairman : Your interview is over.
Have a good day.
 NERIM GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
AN ACADEMIC HOME IN THE NORTH EAST
‘Quality’ is a word that is
commonly used to describe the
level of excellence, an attribute
that is believed to be of superior
nature than the run-of-the-mill
regular objects. When we use this
word ‘Quality’ in reference to
education, it takes form to morph
into a life-giving, nurturing, result-
driven, chronicle of learning
events initiated by an educational
institution to lodge standards of
aspects and elements needed to secure
success. This ‘Quality’ fosters
positivity, nurtures creativity,
encourage wings to sprout in its
students the legacy of believing in
themselves and their capabilities.
NERIM Group of Institutions is a
name in the North East which has
come to be respected and heralded as
one of the torchbearers of higher
education of the land. NERIM
happens to be the brainchild of a
group of academicians and dreamers
who had felt the dearth of a lack of
quality educational institute in the
North East. It was only destined that
NERIM would grow with the years
and what began as a modest venture
to provide quality higher education,
soon acquired wings. NERIM is a part
of selected educational groups which
provide Post Graduate and Under
Graduate programmes in Business
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Prof. (Dr.) Sangeeta Tripathi – Director
NERIM Group of Institutions, Guwahati
Administration (MBA & BBA),
Computer Science (MCA, BCA, M.Sc.
Computer Science), Commerce
(M.Com.& B.Com.), Applied
Psychology (MA Applied Psychology),
Social Work (MSW & BSW), Teacher
Training (B.Ed.) and Legal Learning
(LLM, LLB & BA.LLB), in accordance
with the curriculum of the respective
affiliating Universities.
NERIM has affiliated itself with
three premier Universities of the
region. They are: Dibrugarh University,
Gauhati University and Assam Science
and Technology University (ASTU).
In taking NERIM to the next level of
Student-Institute interaction, guidance
through counselling, grooming and
personality development through the
Personality Development Cell,
Education Loan assistance,
transportation facility and a host of
other add-ons contribute to the daily
NERIM
rigour of NERIM’s student
interface. It provides regular on-
campus and off-campus placement
assistance to the students through
its dedicated Placement Cell.
Besides these, to provide students
an insight into the professional
world, Industrial tours and field
visits are arranged at regular
intervals.
Ranked 7th as the most
promising B-School in the country
by Competition Success Review (CSR),
NERIM upholds ceaseless efforts to
uplift education as one of the leading
B-Schools. The management
periodical, ‘Indian Management’ has
also ranked NERIM Group of
Institutions with A3 (Three) Grade for
its overall performance in Academics
and Administration. The GHRDC
Category of Excellence has proclaimed
ranking to its under-graduate courses,
namely the BBA and BCA at 1st and
4th Rank respectively. These
celebrated accolades speak for NERIM
and its continuous growth in refining
itself for the students, be it in
academia, skill development,
placement, mentoring, guidance, or
any other matter. NERIM Group of
Institutions cuts no corners when the
matter in discussion is its students, and
this is the reason why NERIM is
designated more as – Your Academic
Home.
47
MOCK TEST

GEOGRAPHY
1. Consider the following statements: 5. With reference to ‘mass movements’, consider the
1. Antecedent streams are those which are originated following statements:
prior to the upliftment of the land surface. 1. Mass movements are relatively rapid and
2. Subsequent streams have their courses in perceptible movements, and the materials involved
accordance with the initial slope of the land are relatively dry.
surface. 2. Mass movements are aided by geomorphic agents,
3. The Indus, the Sutlej, the Ganga, the Ghaghra like running water, glaciers, wind, waves and
and the Kosi are the examples of antecedent currents in the process of mass movements.
streams. 3. Mass movements do not come under erosion.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
2. Which of the following are the ideal favourable 6. Consider the following statements regarding soil
conditions for the formation and growth of the deltas? formation:
1. Sea coast subjected to frequent emergence or 1. Soils will be thin on steep slopes and thick over
submergence caused by tectonic movements. flat upland areas.
2. Relatively calm or sheltered sea at the mouths of 2. Over gentle slopes, where erosion is slow and
the rivers. percolation of water is good, soil formation is
3. Long courses of the rivers. very favourable.
4. Accelerated rate of erosion in the catchment area 3. Soils over flat areas may develop a thick layer of
of the concerned river. clay with good accumulation of organic matter,
Select the correct answer using the code given below: giving the soil dark colour.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only Which of the statements given above are correct?
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only (a) 1 and 3 only
3. Which of the following statements best explains/ (b) 1 and 2 only
explain why meander is not considered a landform, (c) 2 and 3 only
but is only as a type of channel pattern? (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. Propensity of water flowing over very gentle 7. Which of the following play role in maintaining the
gradients to work laterally on the banks. ‘heat budget’ of the Earth?
2. Unconsolidated nature of alluvial deposits making 1. Albedo Effect
up the banks with many irregularities, which can
be used by water exerting pressure laterally. 2. Clouds
3. The Coriolis force acting on the fluid water, 3. Terrestrial radiation
deflecting it like it deflects the wind. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 only
4. Which of the following processes come under (d) 1, 2 and 3
diastrophism? 8. With respect to “Karst topography”, consider the
1. Orogenic processes involving mountain building following statements:
through severe folding, and affecting long and 1. Lapies are highly corrugated and rough surface of
narrow belts of the Earth’s crust. limestone, characterised by low ridges and
2. Epeirogenic processes involving uplift or warping pinnacles.
of large parts of the Earth’s crust. 2. Blind valley refers to the valley of that surface
3. Earthquakes involving local relatively minor stream which appears in limestone formation
movements. through a swallow hole.
4. Plate tectonics involving the horizontal movements 3. Sinking creek is a line of numerous sink holes
of the crustal plates. where surface water disappears.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 49
MOCK TEST
9. Consider the following statements: 14. Which of the following conditions may lead to the
1. Mushroom rocks are formed due to rain water inversion of temperature?
and wind has removed fine material from around 1. A long winter night with cloudy sky.
the boulder. 2. Air drainage down the slope of the mountains.
2. Inselbergs are large area of soft, poorly Select the correct answer using the code given below:
consolidated rock and bedrock surfaces that have (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
been extensively grooved, fluted and pitted by wind (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
erosion.
15. Which of the following statements is/are correct
3. Yardangs are isolated hills that stand above well- regarding the structure of the atmosphere?
developed plains.
1. Thickness of troposphere is the highest at the
4. Zeugens are formed in those desert areas where
temperature during night becomes so low that the Equator and the lowest at the Poles.
moisture in the joints and crevices of the rocks 2. Temperature in ionosphere starts decreasing with
freezes. height.
Which of the statements given above are correct? 3. Temperature in mesosphere starts increasing with
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 4 only the increase in altitude.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only Select the correct answer using the code given below:
10. With respect to the alluvial soil, consider the following (a) 1 only
statements: (b) 2 and 3 only
1. It contains adequate proportion of potash, (c) 1 and 2 only
phosphoric acid and lime, which are ideal for the (d) 1 and 3 only
growth of sugarcane, paddy and wheat. 16. Consider the following statements:
2. It is found only in northern India. 1. A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight
3. Khadar has more fine particles and is more fertile sides, whereas a canyon is characterised by steep
than the Bangar. steplike side slopes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. A gorge is almost equal in width at its top, as well
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only as its bottom, whereas in contrast, a canyon is
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 wider at its top, than at its bottom.
11. With respect to the Vindhya Range, consider the 3. Gorges commonly form in horizontal bedded
following statements: sedimentary rocks and canyons form in hard rocks.
1. The Vindhya Range gives rise to rivers like the Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Chambal, the Betwa, the Penna and the Tons. (a) 1 only
2. It forms the northern edge of the Malwa Plateau. (b) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above is /are correct? (c) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 17. Consider the following statements:
12. With respect to the Satpura Range, consider the 1. Alluvial fans are formed when the streams flowing
following statements: from higher levels break into foot slope plains of
low gradient.
1. It is a part of the Deccan Plateau, western India.
2. Alluvial fans in humid areas show normally low
2. Rajpipla, Mahadeo and Kaimur hills are part of cones with gentle slope from head to toe.
the Satpura Range.
3. Alluvial fans appear as high cones with steep slope
3. It forms the watershed between the Narmada in arid and semi-arid climates.
and the Tapti rivers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 only
13. Which of the following factors cause variations in
insolation received by the Earth? (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. The rotation of the Earth on its axis. 18. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
2. The angle of inclination of the Sun’s rays. 1. Primary waves behave almost like sound waves in
terms of transmission.
3. The length of the day.
2. S waves can pass through solid materials, but not
4. The transparency of the atmosphere. through gaseous materials.
5. The configuration of land in terms of its aspect. 3. Surface waves generally affect only the immediate
Select the correct answer using the code given below: surface above the focus of the earthquake
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (Epicentre) and die out at smaller depth.
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(c) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
50 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
19. Consider the following statements: Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
1. Moho Discontinuity denotes the boundary between matched?
the upper and the lower mantle, which is (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
characterised by sudden increase in the velocity (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
of the seismic waves. 24. Consider the following statements:
2. The thickness of the mantle is less than half of 1. Palaeomagnetism is not exhibited by sedimentary
the radius of the Earth. rocks.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. The magnetic field of the Earth is like a giant bar
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only magnet of dipole, located in the centre (core) of
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 the Earth and is aligned approximately along the
20. Consider the following statements regarding ‘intrusive axis of rotation of the Earth.
igneous’ rocks: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. They are formed when magma is unable to reach (a) 1 only
the asthenosphere and instead, solidifies in the (b) 2 only
mantle. (c) Both 1 and 2
2. Batholiths are long, irregular and undulating forms (d) Neither 1 nor 2
of solidified intruded magmas. 25. With reference to the constructive plate margins,
3. The dykes are usually parallel to the bedding planes consider the following statements:
of the sedimentary rocks. 1. They are always divergent in nature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. There is continuous formation of new crust along
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only these margins because of cooling and solidification
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 of basaltic lava.
21. Consider the following statements about Super earth 3. They are identified by the occurrence of shallow
(Pangaea): focus earthquakes.
1. Pangaea was broken into two parts due to Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
differential gravitational force and the force of (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
buoyancy. (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. The northern part of the Pangaea became Lauratia 26. Which of the following rivers originates/originate in
(Angaraland), while the southern part was called India?
by Wegener as Gondwanaland. 1. Chenab
3. Gondwanaland was disr upted during the 2. Sutlej
Cretaceous period, and the Indian Peninsula, 3. Jhelum
Madagascar, Australia and Antarctica broke away Select the correct answer using the code given below:
from Pangaea and drifted apart under the impact (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
of tidal force of the Sun and the Moon.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
27. Consider the following pairs:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 S.N. River Glacier
22. With reference to the Earth’s movements, consider the 1. Ghaghara Chemayungdung
following statements:
1. Rift valleys are long and narrow troughs, bounded 2. Alaknanda Satopanch
by one or more parallel normal faults, caused by 3. Brahmaputra Mapchachungo
horizontal and vertical movements, motored by
endogenetic forces. Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
2. The Rhine Rift Valley is the best example of a (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
well-defined rift valley. (c) 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
3. There is no example of major rift valley in 28. Consider the following pairs:
Peninsular India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? S.N. River Origin
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 1. Kaveri Brahmagiri Hills
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Krishna Sahyadri Range
23. Consider the following pairs:
3. Narmada Amarkantak Plateau
1. Iron Most abundant element on the
Earth Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
matched?
2. Oxygen Most abundant element in the (a) 1 and 2 only
Earth’s crust
(b) 2 only
3. Calcium Second most abundant element (c) 3 only
on the Earth (d) 1,2 and 3
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 51
MOCK TEST
29. Consider the following statements: Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. The mantle-core boundary is determined by the (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
‘Weichert-Gutenberg Discontinuity’ at the depth (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
of 2,900 km. 35. Which of the following statements about the ‘Recorded
2. There is a pronounced change of density of the Forest Areas’ is/are correct?
rocks along the Gutenberg Discontinuity, indicated 1. They consist of the ‘Reserved Forests’ and the
by sudden increase in the velocity of the S waves. ‘Protected Forests’, which have been constituted
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? under the provisions of the Indian Forest Act,
1927.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
2. Areas which have been recorded as forests in the
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 revenue records or have been constituted under
30. Consider the following statements: any other State Act are also included in the
1. Marbles are generally formed due to changes in Recorded Forest Areas.
limestones because of temperature change Select the correct answer using the code given below:
2. Schists are fine-grained metamorphic rocks and (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
are characterised by well-developed foliation. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 36. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. The forest resources of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim
31. Which of the following rivers drains/drain directly into and Tripura account for 35% of the total forest
the Bay of Bengal? cover of the country.
2. There is an overall increase of the forest cover in
1. Subarnarekha the north-eastern states.
2. Penner Select the correct answer using the code given below:
3. Palar (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 37. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 1. The largest mangrove area is reported in South
32. Consider the following pairs: America, followed by Asia.
2. Sundarbans, located in the northern Bay of Bengal,
S.N. River State (origin) is the world’s largest single patch of mangrove
1. Shetruniji Maharashtra forests.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
2. Dhadhar Gujarat
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
3. Ponnani Tamil Nadu (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? 38. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. Royal Bengal Tiger was declared the national
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only animal of India in 1983.
33. Which of the following rivers drains/drain into the 2. India is a party to the TX2 Agreement of the
Arabian Sea? World Wildlife Fund.
1. Vaitarna 3. The Wildlife (Protection) Act was amended in 2006
2. Vaigai to provide for the constitution of the National
3. Bedti Tiger Conservation Authority.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
34. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? 39. Consider the following statements about the longitude
of the Indian Standard Time:
S.N. Forest Cover Description 1. This longitude passes through the state of Tamil
1. Very dense forest All lands with tree Nadu.
canopy density of 60%. 2. The town of Mirzapur is located on this Meridien.
3. When it is morning 10 in India, according to the
2. Open forest All lands with tree Indian Standard Time, the time in Japan is close
canopy density of 10% to afternoon.
and more, but less than Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
40%.
(a) 1 and 2 only
3. Scrub Forest lands with (b) 2 and 3 only
canopy density of less (c) 2 only
than 10%. (d) 1, 2 and 3
52 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
40. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 46. Consider the following statements:
1. The Damodar occupies the eastern margins of 1. The temperature of surface water decreases from
the Chotanagpur Plateau, where it flows through the Equator towards the Poles.
a rift valley. 2. Warm ocean currents decrease the temperature in
2. The Saryu River rises in the Milam glacier. the cold areas, while the cold currents increase
3. The Mahananda is another important tributary of the temperature in the warm ocean areas.
the Ganga rising in the Darjeeling hills. 3. The oceans in the northern hemisphere receive
Select the correct answer using the code given below: more heat than the oceans in the southern
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only hemisphere.
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the statements given above are correct?
41. Consider the following statements: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
1. The Black Sea is a marginal Mediterranean Sea of (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
the Pacific Ocean. 47. Consider the following statements:
2. The Black Sea is supplied by the Danube, the 1. Moraines are ridge-like depositional features of
Dnieper and the Don rivers. glacial tills.
3. The Black Sea drains into the Mediterranean 2. Drumlins are long, narrow and sinuous ridges of
Sea. sands and gravels, and are situated in the middle
Which of the statements given above are correct? of ground moraines.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only 3. The swarms of rounded hummocks, resulting from
the deposition of glacial till, are called eskers.
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 4. Outwash plains are characterised by well sorted
42. Consider the following statements: sediments.
1. Wave height is the vertical distance from the Which of the statements given above are incorrect ?
bottom of a trough to the top of a crest of a (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
wave. (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
2. Wave amplitude is two-third of the wave height. 48. Consider the following statements:
3. Wave frequency is the number of waves passing a 1. Apogee is the point of the Earth’s orbit that is the
given point during a one second time interval. farthest from the Sun.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. Perihelion is the point of the Earth’s orbit that
(a) 2 only (b) 3 only is the nearest to the Sun.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only 3. Perigee is the point when the Moon’s orbit is the
43. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? closest to the Earth.
4. Aphelion is the point when the Moon is the
S.N. Mountain/Hill State farthest from the Earth.
1. Nokrek Assam Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only
2. Seshachalam Andhra Pradesh
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3. Agasthyamalai Kerala 49. With respect to “tides”, consider the following
Select the correct answer using the code given below: statements:
1. They are caused by the movement of water, caused
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only by the meteorological effects.
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. The gravitational pull and the centrifugal force
44. Consider the following statements: are responsible for creating the two major tidal
1. East coasts of the continents in the middle and bulges on the Earth.
the higher latitudes are bordered by warm waters, 3. The tidal bulges on wide continental shelves have
which cause a distinct marine climate. greater height.
2. Warm currents flow parallel to the east coasts of Which of the statements given above are correct?
the continents in the tropical and the sub-tropical (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
latitudes, which result in warm and rainy climates. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 50. Consider the following statements:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. Loess represents thick deposits of unstratified,
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 non-indurated, buff-coloured, well sorted, fine
45. With respect to the “Mid-Ocean Ridge”, consider the grained sediments.
following statements: 2. The intermontane basins in arid or semi-arid areas
1. The Mid-Ocean Ridge system is a continuous range are generally called bolsons.
of underwater volcanoes. 3. The gently sloping depositional plain between
2. It occurs along the convergent plate boundaries. pediments and bajada is called playas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 53
MOCK TEST
51. With respect to the black soil, consider the following 57. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
statements: 1. Sugarcane originated in New Guinea.
1. It is ideal for growing tea and rubber. 2. Sugar recovery is the highest when the weather is
2. It is typical of the Deccan trap. dry with low humidity, bright sunshine hours,
3. It is rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash cooler nights, with wide diurnal variations.
and lime. 3. In terms of the productivity of sugarcane,
Which of the statements given above are correct? Maharashtra is the highest in the tropical zones
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only of India.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
52. Consider the following statements: (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
1. The continental slope is the extended margin of
each continent occupied by relatively shallow seas (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
and gulfs. 58. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
2. The continental shelf connects the continental 1. Pulse crops are cultivated in the Kharif, Rabi and
slope and the ocean basins. Zaid seasons of the agricultural year.
3. Canyons and trenches are obser ved in the 2. Moong plants are used as green manure, which
continental slope region. improve the soil health and add nutrient into the
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? soil.
(a) 2 only (b) 3 only 3. The origin of gram is in South-West Asia.
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1 and 3 only Select the correct answer using the code given below:
53. Which of the following locations record higher salinity? (a) 2 and 3 only
1. The Red Sea (b) 1 and 3 only
2. The North Sea (c) 2 only
3. The Baltic Sea (d) 1, 2 and 3
4. The Mediterranean Sea 59. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
5. The Black Sea 1. Soils with good organic matter content, having
Select the correct answer using the code given below: high water holding capacity with high pH, are
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only considered good for higher productivity of maize.
(c) 2, 3 and 5 only (d) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only 2. The All India Coordinated Research Project
54. Consider the following pairs: (AICRP) on maize was launched in 1987.
S.N. Waterfall State 3. In terms of production of maize, Andhra Pradesh
contributes the highest.
1. Langshiang Mizoram Select the correct answer using the code given below:
2. Dudhsagar Madhya Pradesh (a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. Kunchikal Karnataka 60. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? 1. The Siberian climate is absent in the southern
hemisphere, because of the narrowness of the
(a) 2 only (b) 3 only southern continent.
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. The predominant vegetation of the Siberian type
55. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? of climate is evergreen coniferous forest.
S.N. Type of Lake Lake (Example) Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
1. Tectonic lake Kolleru
(b) 2 only
2. Glacial lake Bhimtal (c) Both 1 and 2
3. Wind-made lake Didwana (d) Neither 1 nor 2
61. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
4. Deltaic lake Wular
S.N. Tribe Country/Region
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 4 only 1. Lapps Ural Mountains
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only 2. Samoyeds Finland
56. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
3. Yakuts Lena Basin
1. The Sarhind Canal irrigates the areas of Punjab
and Haryana. 4. Chuckchi North-eastern Asia
2. The Triveni Canal irrigates the land in Jharkhand.
3. The Anicut Canal has been taken out from the Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Kaveri River. (a) 3 and 4 only
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (b) 1 and 4 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
54 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
62. Consider the following statements: 67. Consider the following pairs about local winds and
1. Increase in temperature increases the water their regions:
retention capacity of air.
1. Berg Namibia
2. Movement of air increases the rate of evaporation.
3. Dew point for air does not change with the change 2. Chinook Eastern side of the Rocky Mountains
in pressure. 3. Haboob Saudi Arabia
Which of the statements given above are correct? 4. Mistral Southern France
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 5. Etesian Western Australia
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
63. Consider the following pairs about clouds:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 3 and 5 only
1. Cirrus clouds Feathery appearance (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
68. Consider the following statements about the global
2. Cumulus clouds Appear as shapeless masses distribution of rainfall:
3. Stratus clouds Layered clouds covering the 1. Rainfall is more over the oceans, as compared to
sky the landmasses.
2. The coastal areas of the world receive greater
4. Nimbus clouds Cotton wool like appearance amounts of rainfall than the interior of the
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? continents.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 4 only 3. In the zone of westerlies, rainfall is higher on the
eastern margins of the continent.
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
64. Consider the following statements about air masses:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
1. Air masses have little vertical variation in
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
temperature and moisture.
69. Consider the following statements about the tropical
2. Air masses formed over the continents are warm. cyclones:
3. Tropical air masses are warm and polar air masses 1. They originate and intensify over the tropical oceans.
are cold. 2. Sea surface temperature, higher than 27 degrees
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Celsius, is favourable for the formation of the
(a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only tropical cyclones.
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 3. If the supply of moisture is cut, the tropical
65. Consider the following statements: cyclone dissipates.
1. Frost forms when moisture is deposited as ice 4. The speed of air is the maximum in the eye of
crystals. the cyclone.
2. Dew forms when moisture is deposited as water Which of the statements given above are correct?
droplets. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
3. Fog is formed when condensation takes place (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only
within the air mass on dust particles. 70. Consider the following pairs about the names of the
4. Mist contains less moisture than fog. cyclones and their regions:
Which of the statements given above are correct? 1. Hurricane Pacific Ocean
(a) 1 and 2 only 2. Typhoon Atlantic Ocean
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only 3. Willy-Willy Western Australia
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
66. Which of the following statements is/are correct about (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
the Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian) (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
climate? 71. Consider the following statements about the Caspian Sea:
1. The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian) 1. Volga and Don are the major rivers which fall in
climate is an intermediate type of climate between the Caspian Sea.
the British climate and the Siberian climate. 2. Territorial claims of the neighbouring countries
2. It has the features of both the maritime and the on the Caspian Sea have been solved under the
continental climates. UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law
3. The most remarkable characteristic of the of the Sea).
Laurentian climate of the North American region 3. Majority of world’s caviar is sourced from the
is its uniformity in precipitation. Caspian Sea.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 55
MOCK TEST
72. Consider the following statements about tea: 2. They can originate over both land and sea.
1. Kenya is the largest exporter of tea in the world. 3. These cyclones affect a much larger area, compared
2. India is the largest producer of tea in the world. to the tropical cyclones.
3. Well-drained acidic soil is good for tea production. 4. They move from east to west.
Which of the statements given above are correct? Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only
73. Which of the following statements is/are correct about 79. Consider the following statements about coking coal:
the Labour Participation Ratio (LPR)? 1. India’s domestic coking coal is high ash coal.
1. The LPR is a measure of how many able and 2. India is self-sufficient in coking coal.
employable people in the economy are actually 3. Coking is mainly used in steel production in both
looking for work. blast furnace and electric-arc methods.
2. In India, the self-employed are largely in the Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
unorganised sector. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 80. Consider the following statements about seaweeds:
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. They usually grow in deep sea.
74. Which of the following states are covered by National 2. They lack root system.
Highway 44?
1. Rajasthan 2. Madhya Pradesh 3. Red seaweeds are found mostly in the tropical
seas, while brown seaweeds are common in the
3. Maharashtra 4. Jharkhand temperate seas.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 4. Seaweeds are used in fertilisers and food additives.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only Which of the statements given above are correct?
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
75. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
S.N. Pipeline Connecting States 81. Which of the following sites have the presence of
Uranium resources in India?
1. Vadinar-Bina Gujarat-Madhya Pradesh
Pipeline 1. Rohil, Rajasthan
2. Gogi, Karnataka
2. Koyali-Sanganer Punjab-Rajasthan 3. Bailadila, Chhattisgarh
Pipeline 4. Tummalapalle, Andhra Pradesh
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 5. Jaduguda, Jharkhand
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 6. Domiasiat, Meghalaya
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 7. Malanjkhand, Madhya Pradesh
76. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. From the sub-tropical high-pressure belts, the (a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only (b) 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 only
winds blow towards the temperate low-pressure (c) 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 only (d) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 only
belts as the variable Westerlies. 82. Consider the following statements about Methane
2. Westerlies are more variable in the northern hydrates:
hemisphere. 1. Methane hydrates are solid ice crystal in which
3. All western coasts of the temperate zone receive methane molecules are trapped.
Westerlies. 2. Methane hydrates have been discovered in the
Select the correct answer using the code given below: Krishna-Godavari Basin in India.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only 3. They are found at the ocean bottoms.
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
77. Which of the following statements are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
1. The Sargasso Sea is an area of the South Atlantic (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Ocean.
83. Consider the following pairs:
2. The Gulf Stream establishes the Sargasso Sea’s
western boundary. 1. Cuoom River Chennai
3. The Sargasso Sea encompasses the Bermuda
Islands. 2. Mula Mutha River Pune
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 3. Sabarmati River Surat
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only 4. Musi River Hyderabad
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
78. Consider the following statements about the extra- Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
tropical cyclones: (a) 2 and 4 only (b) 1 and 3 only
1. These cyclones form along the polar front. (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
56 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
84. Consider the following statements about Mumbai: 89. Consider the following statements:
1. Mumbai city is based on the Salsette Island. 1. The average annual rainfall in India is about
2. Ulhas River distributes into the Vasai Creek and 100 cm, but it has great spatial variations.
the Thane Creek, which separates Mumbai from 2. There is no place in the country where rainfall
the mainland. exceeds 1,000cm/year.
3. The Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) is located 3. Rainfall between 100-200 cm is received in the
on the Salsette Island. southern parts of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, the
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? north-easter n Peninsula, covering Odisha,
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh,
northern Ganga plains, along the sub-Himalayas
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 and the Cachar Valley, and Manipur.
85. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. The easterly jet stream takes the tropical (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
depressions away from India during the monsoon
season. (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. The depressions play a significant role in the 90. Which of the following statements is/are correct about
distribution of monsoon rainfall over the Indian Dharwar rock system?
sub-continent. 1. Aravali mountain range is made of these rocks.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2. Fossil is found here.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 3. Iron, gold and manganese are found here.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
86. Consider the following statements regarding winter (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
season in India: (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
1. The north-western part of the country observes 91. Which of the following statements is/are correct about
sub-zero temperatures, because of being far away Deccan trap?
from the moderating influence of the sea 1. Deccan trap has been formed as a result of fissure
experience continental climate. eruption.
2. There is hardly any seasonal change in the 2. This structure is made up of basalt and dolorite
distribution pattern of the temperature in the rocks.
coastal areas, because of the moderating influence 3. This structure is found in Maharashtra, Gujarat
of the sea and the proximity to the Equator. and Tamil Nadu only.
3. Winds start blowing from the north-western high- Select the correct answer using the code given below:
pressure zone, to the low air pressure zone over (a) 1 and 3 only
the Indian Ocean in the south. (b) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only 92. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 S.N. Place Location
87. Consider the following statements: 1. Sriharikota Pulicat lake
1. Rainfall received from the south-west monsoons
is seasonal in character, which occurs between June 2. Pamban island Gulf of Mannar
and September. 3. New Moore island Bay of Bengal
2. Monsoonal rainfall is largely governed by relief or
topography. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 93. Which of the following statements is/are correct about
88. Consider the following statements: Lakshadweep archipelago?
1. The retreating south-west monsoon season is 1. Minicoy is the southernmost island of this
marked by partially cloudy skies and reduction in archipelago.
temperature. 2. Agatti is the only island having an airport in the
2. In the second half of October, the mercury begins archipelago.
to fall rapidly, particularly in northern India. 3. Natives of the archipelago are Scheduled Tribes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 57
MOCK TEST
94. Which of the following statements is/are correct about 3. The southern slopes of the Himalayas carry a
Terai region? thicker vegetation cover, because of relatively
1. The deposition of fine sand and mud is found higher precipitation, than the drier north-facing
here. slopes.
2. The rivers that disappear in the bhabar region re- Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
appear on the surface in the terai region. (a) 1 and 2 only
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (b) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only (c) 3 only
(b) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 99. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
S.N. Agricultural Objective of
95. With reference to the Tropical Evergreen and Semi- revolution revolution
Evergreen Forests, consider the following statements:
1. These forests are found along both slopes of the 1. Black revolution To increase biodiesel
Western Ghats, hills of the north-eastern region production
and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. 2. Golden revolution To increase horticulture
2. They are well stratified, with layers closer to the
ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, 3. Grey revolution To increase shrimp
with short-structured trees, followed by tall variety production
of trees. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
3. These forests have undergone substantial (a) 1 and 3 only
anthropogenic interference, which started when
India entered the era of modern economic reforms (b) 1 and 2 only
in 1991. (c) 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect ? (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3 only 100. Consider the following statements:
(b) 2 and 3 only 1. The state having maximum tree cover in India is
(c) 3 only Madhya Pradesh.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 2. In terms of percentage of geographical area of
State/UTs, the UT of Chandigarh shows highest
96. Consider the following statements: percentage of tree cover.
1. Tropical deciduous forests are the most widespread Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
forests in India.
(a) 1 only
2. Teak, sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul,
kusum and sandalwood, etc. are the main species (b) 2 only
of the tropical deciduous forests. (c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 only ANSWERS
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a)
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)
97. Consider the following statements: 11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a)
1. In the tropical thorn forests, the plants remain 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (c)
leafless for most part of the year and give an 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (d)
expression of scrub vegetation. 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (c)
2. Tropical thorn forests in India are distinguished 31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (c)
by the Tussocky grass that grows upto a height of 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (d)
2 m, as the under-growth. 41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a)
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (a)
(a) 1 only 51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (b) 55. (a)
(b) 2 only 56. (a) 57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (c) 60. (c)
(c) Both 1 and 2 61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (c)
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (a) 69. (a) 70. (a)
98. With reference to the Montane Forests, consider the
following statements: 71. (b) 72. (c) 73. (c) 74. (c) 75. (a)
1. The Himalayan ranges show a succession of 76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (a) 79. (a) 80. (c)
vegetation from the tropical to the tundra, with 81. (c) 82. (d) 83. (c) 84. (c) 85. (b)
change in altitude. 86. (d) 87. (c) 88. (b) 89. (c) 90. (a)
2. Deodar, a highly valued endemic species, grows 91. (b) 92. (d) 93. (d) 94. (c) 95. (a)
across the complete Himalayan range. 96. (c) 97. (c) 98. (b) 99. (b) 100. (b)
58 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 CSR ESSAY CONTESTS — 873, 874, 875 & 876*

JUSTICE DELAYED IS
JUSTICE DENIED
Firstly, ‘justice & fairness’ is the key desperate and frustrated litigants
criterion for a prog ressive and increasingly go for ‘out of court
developing society in any country, and settlements’, in a way belittling the
a place where justice is delayed without efficacy of the courts and people’s
unavoidable reasons, is tantamount to trust in them.
the very denial of justice. The delay A major problem today is the
and lingering in execution of justice dilatoriness of the justice process,
reduce the significance of justice in which particularly hits illiterate and
society. It was William Edward poor who pay hefty amounts to
Gladstone (the former PM of advocates to fight their cases,
England) who coined the phrase subjecting themselves to gross
‘Justice delayed is justice denied’, which financial and mental ag ony and
has now become a legal maxim— injustice. A prominent example of
meaning that if legal redress or justice delayed was the brutal 2012
equitable relief to an injured party is Ms. Anamika Mohari Nirbhaya gang-rape and murder case,
available, but is not forthcoming in a First prize winner of where all four culprits were convicted
timely fashion, it is effectively the same CSR Essay Writing Contest 873. but it took seven long years to finally
as having no remedy at all. The system Hailing from Sonitpur, Assam, hang them. It’s not only the rape cases
of justice may be difficult to but also the cases involving the
understand and execute but it has a Ms. Anamika Mohari is pursuing M.A. religious sentiments that take
very crucial bearing on the judicial in English from Tezpur University, enormous time to decide. Here, one
rights of the civilians concerned. Assam. She loves to read and write. can cite the Ayodhya case which
Justice is everyone’s right, so should involved 70-year-long litigation for
be delivered within a specified period of time. pronouncement of the final verdict in 2019.
Also any delayed decisions by the courts can often help It’s absolutely correct that to have a fair judgement, a fair
the culprits evade justice while exacerbating injustice to the trial must be conducted but taking 7 years or 70 years for
victims and their families. In India, there are thousands of finally punishing the culprits or for finally announcing a
such inordinately long-pending cases in the courts. Even verdict cannot be justified. A judgement is termed an
many cases could not be resolved by the courts because of effective judgement only when it is pronounced in a
lack of enough evidences, due to which the culprits are reasonable time span. If we look at the crime situation,
released from the prison and victims never get justice. If according to National Crime Records Bureau’s 68th edition
the culprits committing crime are not brought to book in a of the ‘Crime in India’ report, an increased total 66.01 lakh
timely manner, they will never be afraid of law or judiciary crimes were registered in the year 2020. And one of the
and will go on indulging in more crimes. The legal maxim reasons for spurt in the crime rate is the delay in the court
‘Justice delayed is justice denied’ nicely conveys the judgements within a justifiable period of time because of
importance of timely justice. In fact, to a great extent, this which either the accused gets bail or the victim has to wait
maxim aptly fits in the current scenario of the judicial endlessly for justice. It also often happens that a person,
system of our country itself. identified as accused by police, is, after years and years of
Although justice varies according to situations and trial, finally found not guilty by the courts. In such cases,
individuals, still people visit courts to seek timely justice. though the falsely-presumed accused finally get justice, it is
However, currently, our judicial system does not deliver still gravely unfair for them in view of the mental pain they
justice to the victims as quickly as expected. But, as we live go through and irreparable loss of freedom, life
in a democratic country like India, in which there is a rule opportunities and reputation they suffer because of
of law, delivering justice in a timely manner to the victims is inordinate delay by courts in deciding their cases. It is to be
very important to prevent miscarriage of justice. The delay noted that in 2022, the total number of pending cases of
in justice has been nagging Indian judicial system and masses all types and at all levels rose to 5 crore, including over
for a long time despite some recent efforts to remedy the 1,69,000 court cases pending for more than 30 years in
situation. It is seen that in a large number of cases, the District and High Courts. A total of 4.3 crore out of the 5
*We present here the four FIRST PRIZE WINNING ESSAYS of the CSR Essay
Contests 873, 874, 875 & 876, contributed by Ms. Anamika Mohari, Ms. Vidita Mehta, Ms. Duiena
Rai and Mr. Pavan Kumar Karnati.

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 59

 crore cases, i.e. more than 85% cases, were pending in
District courts as of December 2022.
As such, there is great need for overhauling and making
the judicial system and related processes time-bound and
most-effective to retain public trust in them. We must
accept in letter and spirit the proposition that in a democratic
society, the court system plays a crucial role in seeing that
neither licence nor absolutism becomes dominant. As the
15th Chief Justice of the United States Warren Earl Burger
had noted: “A sense of confidence in the courts is essential
to maintain the fabric of ordered liberty for free people
and three things could destroy that confidence and do
incalculable damage to society: that people come to believe
that inefficiency and delay will drain even a just judgement
of its value; that people who have long been exploited in
the smaller transactions of daily life come to believe that
courts cannot vindicate their legal rights from fraud and
over-reaching; that people come to believe the law—in the
larger sense—cannot fulfil its primary function to protect
them and their families in their homes, at their work, and
on the public streets”.
In sum, the judicial process or system, in its functional
fulfilment, must be at once a shield and sword in defending
the have-nots when injustice or untimely justice afflicts
them. And this must be possible even if the humbler folks,
directly aggrieved, are too weak to move the court on their
INDIA @ 75 AND
WAY FORWARD
There is a saying that “India is a new country, but an ancient
civilisation, and this civilisation has seen tremendous changes
throughout its history.”
India celebrated its 75th year of Independence on 15th
August 2022, which is a milestone to reflect back on what
all we achieved in these 75 years, and what more we need
to achieve. We further need to articulate our vision, firm
up a goal and get people, policies and institutions aligned
to the future vision. From being an education hub of the
world in ancient times to becoming the global IT hub
today, India has come a long way. Since gaining
independence from the tyrannical rule of the British
Empire on 15th August 1947, our country has made
remarkable progress in several fields like science &
technology, economy, civil infrastructure, agriculture and
human development. The Britishers left behind
underdeveloped and economically poor country due to
years of exploitation and plundering of India’s massive
human and natural resources.
After independence, India prioritised scientific research
in its First Five-Year Plan. It paved the way for prestigious
research and technological institutes like IITs and IISc,
which promoted research in science and technology in the
country. Due to the efforts of our great scientists like
Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai, India was
able to launch nuclear research programmes. In the field
of space research, India took great strides with launch of
first Indian satellite Aryabhatta in 1975. Today, India is
considered among the superpowers in space technology
and is the first country in the world to make it to the Mars
60
own. It is high time that the state gets sensitive and vigilant
in addressing some very basic issues—quick and inexpensive
justice, and protecting the legal rights of poor and the
vulnerable. Many observers even say that the justice delivery
system in India is on the verge of collapse. Former Supreme
Court judge Justice (retd.) Markandey Katju had said in an
article in The Tribune in 2019 that “It is estimated that if no
fresh case is filed, it will take about 360 years to clear the
backlog” of cases in all the Indian courts. He was writing at a
time when the total pendency stood at about 3.3 crore cases.
In a nutshell, the biggest problem is of the delay in
disposition of cases. Due to huge pendency, the cases take
years for their final disposal, which otherwise would normally
take few months time. The arrears cause delay and delay
means negating the accessibility of justice in true terms to
the common man. The very core of a civil society and rule
of law is the provision of justice, but the judgements must
be delivered within a reasonable time. It is totally unfair if a
suspected criminal waits for trial for years and is ultimately
found innocent. Similarly, the victim of the crime will
also not be satisfied if there is no punishment to perpetrator
of that crime for so long. Only speedy justice could
ensure effective maintenance of law and order. As is truly
said, quality and timely justice not only promotes peace in
the society but also strengthens internal security of the
country.
orbit in its first attempt. The credit goes to Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) that India has taken
confident strides in the field of space research and
technology. Our country has also taken lead in the field of
biotechnology, where India is producing vaccines for the
entire world. The journey of India from 1947 to 2022 in
various fields is described in following paragraphs:
Economic Development: Post-Independence, our
country faced numerous challenges being a developing
economy that included illiteracy, corruption, poverty, gender
discrimination, untouchability, regionalism and
communalism which acted as major roadblocks to India’s
economic development. With the start of the Green
Revolution in 1960s by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, the father
of the Green Revolution, there was a significant increase
in the crop area planted with high-yielding wheat and rice
types and India was then recognised as one of the top
agricultural producers in the world. With the construction
of linked facilities like factories and hydroelectric power
plants, a large number of jobs for industrial workers were
also generated in addition to agriculture. Today India is
the 5th largest economy in the world with a lot of
development in all fields leading to inflow of cash in the
economy.
Development in Education and Health Sector:
Though India has shown remarkable progress in terms of
literacy rate, the quality of higher education is more or
less still a cause of concern. There is not a single Indian
University or Institute in the top 100 QS World University
Rankings. With the largest youth population in the world,
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 India can achieve wonders if its youth Programme (IGMDP), under the
get equipped with proper skills and watchful eyes of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
education. The health sector is also Kalam and with the support of the
quite worrisome. The government Indian Ordnance Factories, was
informed Parliament in 2022 that established in 1983. In 1989, the
India’s doctor-patient ratio currently longer-range Agni missile was
stands at 1:834. A recent study shows independently designed and tested.
that 65% of medical expenses in India Later, India and Russia collaborated
are paid out of pocket by patients to design and produce the BrahMos
and the reason is that they are left supersonic cruise missile. The Indian
with no alternative but to access defence public sector undertakings
private healthcare because of poor such as BEL, ITI, BHEL, etc. have
facilities in public hospitals. taken the lead by developing a
Infrastructure & Human Ms. Vidita Mehta number of indigenous defence
Resources Development: In last First prize winner of products which are on par or even
more than 75 years of Independence, better than their foreign versions.
CSR Essay Writing Contest 874.
Indian infrastructure has improved Under Prime Minister Mr. Narendra
drastically. The overall length of the Hailing from Jalandhar Cantt., Modi since 2014, many significant
Indian road network has grown Punjab, Ms. Vidita Mehta is B.Sc. and changes have taken place like the
from 0.4 million km in 1951 to B.Ed. She has seven years of teaching scrapping of Section 370 in the then
approximately 5 million km, which experience and she loves dramatics Jammu and Kashmir state, and
makes it the third largest roadway and dancing. “Make in India” initiatives in defence
network in the world. India has now industr y, which have further
risen to become Asia’s third-largest electricity generator. strengthened the Indian defence sector.
In Human Resources, which India has in abundance, India Since Independence, India has advocated the ideals of
had a population of 350 million in 1947, which has grown democracy, secularism and respect for human rights. India
to approximately 1.4 billion. The average life expectancy has proved to be a “bridge between the many extremes of
has also risen from 32 years in 1947 to 70 years now. the world”. As India continues to address its urgent goals
Development in Defence Sector: The Indian military of economic and human development and social justice,
ranks among the top militaries of the world. Defence our country is shaping into a world power. However, there
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), is a lot to be done if we want to make India a ‘super-
established in 1958, has developed critical defence power’. A lot will depend on our people’s willingness to
technologies including missile systems, small and big change and ensuring the equal participation of women in
armaments, artillery systems, electronic warfare systems, the workforce and marginalised communities in our
tanks and armoured vehicles, machine-guns, drones, etc. economic growth. And last but not least, we must have a
which have reduced the dependence on foreign imports liberal, progressive and unbiased mindset. As we celebrate
for defence sector. India developed the nuclear weapon “Azaadi ka Amrit Mahotsav”, the completion of 75 years
technology and fissile material production concurrently, of Independence can be taken as a new opportunity to
which led to successful nuclear explosion in Pokhran in build an India of our aspirations and make positive
1974. The Integrated Guided Missile Development contributions to the changing landscape of India.

ENVIRONMENT VERSUS
GROWTH
“Economic growth and environmental protection are
not at odds. They’re opposite sides of the same coin if
you’re looking at longer-term prosperity,” rightly says
Mr. Henry Paulson, a noted US business leader, statesman
and author. Economy is always inversely proportional to
environment and there is a need to carefully balance the
“Economy vs. Environment” aspect of growth and
development. The ‘economy vs. growth’ has also been a
subject matter of heated debates and discussions for long.
Indeed the challenges that we face in today’s times are
either linked to the decelerating economic growth or
environmental challenges including global warming and
climate change, yet one must not forget that we need to take
both these challenges simultaneously and together if we
want a sustainable victory in the end. The economic impacts
of environmental degradation are quite visible in
industrialised nations where human health is compromised
by rapid economic growth and energy-induced emissions.
There is a misconception worldwide that there has to be
incessant exploitation of natural and other resources for
any economic expansion. This misconception fails the very
fundamental idea of humanity being in harmony and in
synchronisation with happenings in the biosphere. It is
already a sad reality that the Mother Earth’s carrying capacity
has diminished to an extent where our ecological footprint
has begun to exceed its carrying capacity. The real
globalisation calls for a truly unified approach, combining
social, economic as well as ecological characteristics. Out
of the many such approaches, a few are explored hereunder :
The green economy concedes that durable economic
development is contingent on the efficacious and optimal
use as well as conservation of natural ecosystems. The

62 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

 Index of Sustainable Economic experienced 18 separate billion-dollar
Welfare (ISEW) put forth by ‘father weather and climate disasters in 2022.
of environmental economics’ Herman Hurricane Ian, which wrecked havoc
E. Daly and philosopher and on Florida in September 2022, caused
environmentalist Mr. John B. Cobb in humongous $112.9 billion damage and
1989 provides an all-inclusive more than 152 deaths. Massive capital
depiction of the well-being of a had to be deployed for combating the
nation. The ISEW takes into account summer heat wave and drought which
the GDP, unpaid household labour, gripped large parts of the central and
social costs, environmental damage western United States. The US has
and income distribution. The well understood the need for timely
calculation of the ISEW is in itself a sustainable practices. One such policy
very unique process because it takes is the use of green infrastructure,
into account ample of variables. The Ms. Duiena Rai which uses natural features to control
ISEW for the Italian economy took First prize winner of storm water runoff. This enables
around 21 variables to infer results, CSR Essay Writing Contest 875. creation of better spaces filled with
out of which 14 were called “market” greenery which also conserve the
variables, which implies that their Hailing from Gurugram, Haryana, water resources. The US has been a
values are majorly dependent on the Ms. Duiena Rai is a B.Tech student at pioneer in consuming renewable
economic prices whereas the other 7 NorthCap University, Gurugram. energy. In fact, a number of American
variables were termed as States have been 100% dependent on
“environmental”, deriving its facts and She loves writing, reading and renewable energy only, including the
figures from the ecological photography. wind, solar and geothermal power.
factors. Another one is the World Similarly, when we study the second
Happiness Index in which data is collected from people in largest GDP of the world, the China, with its GDP at over
over 150 countries and there is a scale ranging from 0 to 10. $18 trillion, we see that the population of the country has
Under this index, the variables currently include real GDP been seriously affected by numerous environmental issues
per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom and the poor air quality itself has been the reason behind
to make life choices, generosity and perceptions of 1.2 million premature deaths. The poor air quality has been
corruption. Also a hypothetical nation is created with the the result of the rapid industrialisation there which
least scores for all the six indicators. This conceptual nation commenced in 1979. Also, they are unable to cut back on
is called Dystopia. The scores of Dystopia act as a their dependence on coal, which fulfils more than 60% of
benchmark for no country can fare below it in any of the electricity demand, thereby increasing their carbon footprint
indicators. Dystopia represents the worst case scenario. manifold. The depletion of groundwater resources is such
Gross National Happiness or GNH is distinguishable that despite being home to almost 20% of the global
from Gross Domestic Product by valuing collective population, China has only 6% of the world’s total
happiness as the goal of governance. This is done by freshwater resources. These issues forced the Chinese policy-
emphasising on harmony with nature and traditional values makers to opt for a more sustainable nation-building and,
as expressed in the 9 domains of happiness and 4 pillars of therefore, they adopted sustainable practices. China’s green
GNH. This concept was first coined by the Bhutanese trajectory has been slowed down by the Covid-19 crisis.
g overnment. The four pillars of GNH are— Chinese government stepped up efforts to promote
sustainable and equitable socio-economic development, municipal waste recycling and wildlife protection. China’s
environmental conservation, preservation and promotion first national fund focussing on the ecological environment
of culture and good governance. In cities like Victoria in was set up in July 2022 raising 88 billion Chinese Yuan
British Columbia (Canada), a nuanced version of Bhutan’s (CNY). China’s green transformation is being pushed
GNH survey was conducted to assess the population of forward by advances in energy-related technologies and
Victoria. In Seattle, Washington, United States, a version smart grid and transportation technologies like electric
of the GNH Index was used by the Seattle City Council vehicles.
and Sustainable Seattle to analyse the happiness and well- The nation known for its quality human resources, Japan,
being of the Seattle Area population. Cities Eau Claire in stands on the third spot in terms of the GDP of over $6
Wisconsin (US), Creston in British Columbia in North trillion. The climate crisis has already rung a bell of caution
America, and the state of Vermont in the US, have been in Japan where there are now unprecedented climatic
frequent users of more efficient and place-specific versions conditions—getting more days of heat wave, heavier
of GNH. precipitation, fewer days of rain overall, and a reduced
If we glance through the economic and environmental snow-depth. Unbeatable typhoons have already spoiled
aspects of the Top-3 GDPs of the world (2022), we will trillions of Yen in damages. The country has well reviewed
decipher that the economic stimulus did give rise to their its policies regarding the environmental impacts. The new
national incomes yet scathed their environmental resources strategy heavily emphasises on innovation and energy
to alarming levels, and in the recent years, they had to bear development, using hydrogen and ammonia and setting a
the brunt of being negligent as they lost enormously not target to ‘research, develop, manufacture and procure’
just in terms of the monetary capital but also the human alternative fuels in the country. The pillars of Japan’s strategy
capital. The ravaging natural calamities brought their for reducing carbon emissions are: decarbonisation of the
attention to the environmental aspects and induced in them electric power sector and electrification of other sectors.
a sense of realisation that sustainable economy is the only As such, it can be well inferred that all materialistic
sustainable way forward. The GDP of United States is attention on economy would ultimately lead to destruction
estimated to be over $25 trillion in 2022. The country of our environment. To flourish sustainably, we must be

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 63

 able to converge economic growth with environmental say in their book ‘Let Us Dream: The Path
protection. It is rightly said by Chief Seattle that “The to a Better Future’ that “We must redesign the economy so
Earth does not belong to us: we belong to the Earth.” We that it can offer every person access to a dignified existence
must take note of what Pope Francis and Mr. Austen Ivereigh while protecting and regenerating the natural world.”

SUPERSTITIONS
“We must learn that to expect God to do human behaviour is mostly based on
everything while we do nothing is not faith but the environment where he/she grows
superstition,” said Martin Luther King and impact of surroundings is too
Jr. According to Anglo-Irish statesman, much on the person’s personal as well
economist and philosopher Edmund as professional life. If the socio-
Burke, “Superstition is the religion of economic environment and beliefs are
feeble minds”. Yes, even in this backward and unscientific, people are
advanced world, we can still see the more likely to fall prey to superstitions
prevalence of superstitions in almost in their pursuit of pleasure, happiness
every corner of the world without any and even spirituality. As such, any
exception of country, religion and caste, development should be holistic,
etc. For example, the generally so- focussing not only on improving GDP
perceived sinistrous and ominous but also humanity, reasoning and
Number 13, the ill-omened black cats, scientific vision. India being a
not washing hair on Thursdays and Pavan Kumar Karnati developing country, it is very essential
saying “bless you” when someone to take definitive steps in this direction.
sneezes are just some of the common First prize winner of It is sad that even after 75 years of our
superstitions that have crept into the CSR Essay Writing Contest 876. Independence, superstitions are still
lives of a great number of people. The Hailing from Proddatur in Andhra prevalent in large sections of society
October 2022 killing of two women in and there are still people who openly
Elanthoor village of Pathanamthitta Pradesh, Mr. Pavan Kumar Karnati practise, propag ate and preach
district of Kerala in an incident of has done B.Tech. from Madanapalle. superstitions, magic and related
‘black magic-oriented’ human sacrifice, He loves chess, networking and practices. Digital media is also being
had shaken the nation wherein the reading books. widely misused by the miscreants to
perpetrators superstitiously believed promote unscientific practices and
that their gory act would bring them prosperity. hollow beliefs. The shocking Kerala incident of human
The word ‘superstition’ comes from the Latin word sacrifice, committed as part of black magic to gain wealth,
‘superstito’, meaning “standing over” as in transcending or must be taken as an eye-opener in this context. Socio-
standing outside of ordinary logic. Superstitions are beliefs cultural leaders, political parties and Indian polity as a whole
based on old ideas based on luck and magic rather than need to work at the grass-roots level against all kinds of
science or reason. Superstition is a belief in the supernatural, superstition and social ills. The Union Government should
which is to say, a belief in the existence of forces or entities come up with an appropriate comprehensive legislation to
that do not conform to the laws of the nature or scientific punish the people involved in spreading superstitions. Being
understanding of the universe. Superstitions generally educated isn’t enough to get protected from the superstitions
emanate from socio-religious and economic factors like but what is also required is scientific thinking and reasoning
mythologies, illiteracy, poverty and lack of awareness and ability. We need to always believe in ourselves rather than on
reasoning. Particularly the uneducated masses are most putting our trust in any kind of supernatural or magical
gullible to fall for superstitions as they are unable to judge forces. Man can become superman only with his/her hard
an incident or belief from scientific point of view. The and smart work and not by blind faith. As great leaders have
influences of self-proclaimed god-men, faith healers and stated, life is full of challenges and surprises and we need to
miracle cures also have a great say in spreading superstitions face challenges to enjoy the surprises.
among vulnerable ordinary people. Article 25 of Indian Constitution gives every person the
Do we need to believe in superstitions? Human life is a right to freedom of conscience and the right to freely
combination of different types of situations—some are
supportive and others are depressive. When something good profess, practice and propagate religion, subject to public
happens, people will cherish the moments and be motivated, order and morality and health. At the same time, Article
but during negative cycle of their life, most of them tend to 51A (h) of Indian Constitution makes it fundamental duty
get disappointed quickly and look for all the remedies which for Indian citizens to develop a scientific temper, humanism
they can think of, many a time even supernatural ways out. and the spirit of inquiry and reform. Thus the government
This is the time when they can easily get trapped in the web should move towards makings laws that provide right
of superstition and get tricked and deceived. balance of both the above-mentioned Articles of the
Many people believe in luck than the work they do. Yes, we Constitution. However, legislations win only half the battle.
may believe in it but up to what extent is also a crucial Creating awareness and giving right scientific education is
question that we need to ponder over. Did India get the key to do away with superstitions and related practices.
Independence by luck? Obviously the answer is no, because Our country has entered the transformative ‘Amrit Kaal’
we all know about our great and long freedom struggle. Trust and one special dimension of this period can be the renewed
in hard work will always pay back but a belief in superstition all-out efforts to eradicate superstitions and ignorance in
will drive you in reverse direction. Psychiatrists say that the society to make ‘New India’ in a real sense.

64 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

 All You Need For Success

CSR ESSAY CONTESTS

Now 4 Topics instead of 2 : Write on Any One and be a Winner
1st Prize for each contest :
Study Material (worth Rs. 1,500)
For the CSR Essay Contests, four topics are announced every month. The best essay on each of the
Four Topics given below will be awarded a Study Material (worth Rs. 1,500).
Fifty-two (52) other contestants selected on the basis of merit will receive
India & The World Wall Maps worth Rs. 150 plus a Certificate of Merit.

TOPICS
Contest 881 : Skilling The Youth Of India 4
TOPICS
Contest 882 : Artificial Intelligence—Implications
Contest 883 : Simplicity Is The Ultimate Sophistication
Contest 884 : India's Digital Economy
First Prizes 4 (1 for each topic) : Study Material (worth Rs. 1,500) plus a Certificate of
Merit.
52 Highly Commendable Prizes : India & The World Wall Maps worth Rs. 150 plus
a Certificate of Merit.
The length of the essay should not exceed 1,500 wordswords. The Editor will pay special attention to the participant’s grasp of
the topic and to the ability to think constructively and to present one’s ideas concisely, logically and effectively.
Age limit : From 18 years to 30 years.
THERE IS NO ENTRY FEE. Entries for Essays should not exceed 1,500 words and should be typed double-spaced on one side of the paper and
must be accompanied by latest (1) passport size (bust) and (2) full-length colour photographs. Photographs should be taken in formal dress, i.e.,
men wearing a suit/shirt with tie and women wearing a blouse and saree/top and skirt/salwar kameez as if appearing for an Interview/
Personality Test. Name, Date of birth, Qualifications, Hobbies, Achievements, Professional/Service experience (if any) Mobile No., Email,
Address, City, State, Pin Code of the contributor along with biodata must be written on the first page of the entry and only name on the back
of the photograph. Do not write anything, or sign or affix rubber stamp on the front of the photograph. Mutilated or old photographs will not be accepted.
Handwritten entries or entries without photographs and incomplete biodata will not be considered.
Entries via email with scanned photographs are to be considered on a par with those in usual format.
All entries, along with photographs, received will be the exclusive property of CSR Group and can be used for its promotion. Only original
essays will be considered. The contributor will be solely responsible for any violation of the Copyright Act where the material submitted for
the Contests is not original. Editor’s decision will be final and binding. Competition Review Pvt. Ltd. reserves the right to substitute Prizes
with products/services of equivalent value. No correspondence will be entertained in this regard. Entries should be marked
“CSR Essay Contests—881, 882, 883 & 884”.
Please write your Name, Mobile No., Email, Address, City, State, Pin Code to :
COMPETITION REVIEW PVT. LTD.
604 Prabhat Kiran, Rajendra Place, New Delhi-110125
or Email : contests@competitionreview.in
Last date for receiving entries for the CSR Essay Contests—881, 882, 883 & 884 is April 10, 2023.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 65
 You can also become Crorepati.
By Siddhartha
Read of K
Basu
aun Banega
Kaun
Crorepati
Popular TT.V
.V
.V.. Show

Questions And Answers From The

BBC World TV Quiz Game
Competition Success Review had been serialising selected questions from the book BBC :
The Complete Mastermind. Now we are proud to present different sets of questions every month from
another book—BBC Mastermind India, edited and compiled by India’s Ace Quiz Master Siddhartha Basu
and published by Teksons Bookshop, New Delhi, in association with BBC. CSR hopes that its readers
from all over India will find the series useful not only for various competitive examinations,
but also in widening knowledge base about India and the World, so that
they are able to participate creditably in various Quiz Contests.
1. Under what title did Aurobindo Ghosh publish a series 12. Which sixteenth century Belgian cartographer
of articles in 1907, outlining the methods of Moderate popularised the name ‘Atlas’, by prefacing his
and Extremist opposition to the British ? collection of maps with an illustration of Titan carrying
2. Which form of verse, originally rendered in thirteenth a globe ?
century AD Sicily, always has a fourteen line rhyme scheme ? 13. Which popular system of therapeutics was introduced
3. What is the name of the artificial lake in Bundi fort, by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796 ?
renowned for its half-submerged temple to Varuna ?
14. Which German Social Democrat politician of 1960s
4. After which legendary member of parliament does the instituted Ostpolitik, the policy of reconciliation between
London policeman get the nickname ‘bobby’ ?
East Europe and West Europe ?
5. What discovery was figured out by German chemist
Friedrich Kekule while in a dream on a bus in 1865 ? 15. Which American actress was the first foreign star to act
6. What name did Kerala-born poet K. Narayana Menon in Indian films when she starred in the 1920 film
assume in 1898, before commencing a prolific literary Shakuntala ?
career, and also leading the revival of Kathakali ? 16. Which term, literally meaning ‘sand’ in Latin, was used
7. What term is used to describe a person who has retired for the sand-strewn central area of a Roman
from an official position but retains that title on an amphitheatre ?
honorary basis ? 17. What was the name of the first book published by
8. The United Arab Republic was formed in 1958 with the Gerald Durrell in 1953 ?
political union of Egypt and which other Asian country ? 18. The space probes Vega 1, Vega 2, Sakigake, Planet A
9. Which king, who in the form of a python captured Bhima, and Giotto were all launched to study which celestial
was destined to be released from his curse if Yudhistira object ?
answered his questions ?
10. Which central Asian capital city literally means ‘Red Hero’ 19. Which trusted general of Nadir Shah became the ruler
in the native language ? of Afghanistan under the title of Durrani in 1747 ?
11. What is the musical term for the interval between any 20. Which protein-rich legume, known as ‘lucerne’ in
given note and another that is exactly twice or half the Europe, South Africa and Australia, was the principal
frequency of the first note ? fodder of Roman cavalry and chariot horses ?

ANSWERS
20. Alfalfa 16. Arena 11. Octave Benzene rings 5.
Abdali 15. Dorothy Kingdom 10. Ulan Bator Sir Robert Peel 4.
19. Ahmed Shah 14. Willy Brandt 9. Nahusha Nawal Sagar 3.
Comet 13. Homeopathy 8. Syria Sonnet 2.
18. Halley’s Mercator 7. Emeritus Resistance
17. The Overloaded Ark 12. Gerhardus 6. Vallathol 1. Doctrine of Passive

66 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

 "Everything is here. You can stay here forever, and you'll
never feel like you've missed out on life," says noted English
singer-songwriter and musician Mr. Chris Martin, one among
lakhs of tourists who hold their experience of 'Incredible
India' close to their heart. Such deeply-felt observations justify
the high ranking, premier place, great love, acknowledgement
and interest India enjoys in the global tourism and hospitality
domain. Called a 'Cradle of Civilisation' and a land of diverse
landscapes, distinct cultures, natural & monumental wonders
and great hospitality, India has been a magnet for global
tourists for centuries. Regarded as 'must-visit' in world tourism
map, India offers geographical diversity, attractive beaches,
40 World Heritage Sites, 10 bio-geographic zones, 106 national
parks and 567 wildlife sanctuaries as on February 20, 2023.
Thus, experts point out that with ever-increasing prospects of
Indian tourism and hospitality sector, the domestic hospitality
industry is looking to 'fly higher' in 2023, cashing in on India's
G20 presidency.
'Atithi Devo Bhava' (Guest Is God), so goes an ancient
Indian maxim, which has been practised in letter and spirit
from times immemorial—so much so that the country has
been a leading hub of hospitality industry for ages. In this
regard, the widely acknowledged Indian hospitality too has
had a major role to play in this feat. And this fact not only
makes hospitality sector in India a force to be reckoned with
but also a huge attraction for the young career aspirants who
have the required aptitude. So, if you are good at extending
courtesy to guests and like to make them feel good and at
home, you are not only cut out for a career in hospitality sector
but also hold promise to being a cut above the rest in this
profession. If you are polite, humble and caring, and love to
make your guests comfortable and happy, the domain of
Hotel Management as a career can work wonders for you—
provided you learn nitty-gritty and traits of this profession.
India has also been recognised as a destination for spiritual
tourism for international and domestic tourists. On the other
side, the consistently growing middle class, rising levels of
their disposable income and increasing interest among
millennials to travel in their home country are a few major
reasons that are making the domestic travel industry a hugely
 1st Approach to become Hotel
Management Professional
Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies
Class 11-12 English along with any subject as
per scheme of studies
Bachelor of Hotel Management/Hotel
Administration/Restaurant Management/BA
in Hotel Management/BBA in Hotel
Management/BSc Degree in Hospitality &
Hotel Administration.
2nd Approach to become Hotel
Management Professional
Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies
Class 11-12 English along with any subject as
per scheme of studies
Bachelor of Hotel Management/Hotel
Administration/Restaurant Management/BA
in Hotel Management/BBA in Hotel
Management/BSc Degree in Hospitality &
Hotel Administration
MBA in Hotel Management.
3rd Approach to become Hotel
Management Professional
Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies
Class 11-12 English along with any subject as
per scheme of studies
Bachelor’s degree in any stream -
Hotel Management training program
(offered by the hotel after selection)
Specialisation course in Hotel Management.
68
ITC Royal
Bengal
profitable one. According to statistics by IBEF, the Travel and
Tourism industry provides 8 crore jobs. Further, the big names
in the hospitality sector have now started to expand to the
Tier-II cities and towns. The demand for Hotel Management
professionals is already huge. Apart from its glamour, a career
in Hotel Management has become greatly rewarding and
exciting, attracting more and more students. Today, Hotel
Management is not only restricted to hotels but has gone a
long way to catering, clubs, food and beverage industry, resorts,
airlines, cruise and many more. Hotel Management stands for
specialised management methods implemented in the hotel
and hospitality industry. Hence, a career in hospitality sector of
India continues to be promising for the right candidates. With
the Union Government's special focus on bettering India's
standing in international global tourism circuit and improving
infrastructure and connectivity across the country, sky is the
limit for those seeking career in hospitality sector.
Career In Tourism & Hospitality Offers Big
Scope, Great Future
According to the statistics of India Brand Equity
Foundation (IBEF), the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
in India is constantly gearing up for increasingly robust
demand, and the travel market is projected to reach $125
billion by FY 2027 from an estimated $75 billion in FY2020.
The influx of international tourists into India is projected to
reach 30.5 million by 2028. The statistics are a reflection of
the booming growth and potential of the hospitality sector
in India that is rising after the lull created by the pandemic.
India is one of the most popular travel destinations in the
world that has resulted in Indian tourism and hospitality as
industry to emerge as one of the key growth drivers amongst
service sectors in India.
Putting the Covid-19 disruptions on the back-burner,
tourism sector in India is back on high growth path, promising
a great career for youngsters. By 2029, Travel and Tourism
industry in India will account for nearly 53 million jobs as
compared to the 43 million jobs, according to Invest India.
The Indian 'tourism and travel' has also emerged as the largest
service industry in the country besides being a significant source
of foreign exchange. By 2028, Tourism & Hospitality is forecast
to earn $50.9 billion compared to $28.9 billion earned in 2018.
By 2030, India is expected to be among the top five business
travel markets. By 2029, the tourism sector in India is expected
to grow at 6.7% to reach Rs. 35 trillion. The hospitality sector
is expected to touch $460 billion by 2028. All these upcoming
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 28
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UNION BUDGET 2023-24
TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
SECTOR GETS NEW BOOST
In the Union Budget 2023-24, India's tourism and
hospitality sector has been identified as one of the four "key
opportunities" which can be transformative during the 'Amrit
Kaal'. A total Rs. 2,400 crore have been allocated to the
Ministry of Tourism and a major portion of the outlay,
amounting to Rs. 1,742 crore, has been sanctioned for
development of tourism infrastructure while an amount of
Rs. 242 crore have been proposed for promotion and
branding. An outlay of Rs. 1,412 crore has been allocated
for the Swadesh Darshan Scheme. In this regard, at least 50
travel destinations would be developed as a "complete
package" and states will be encouraged to set up a 'unity
mall' for the sale of their products. Union Finance Minister
Ms. Nirmala Sitharaman asserted that promotion of
tourism will be taken up on a "mission mode". 'Dekho
Apna Desh' and 'Vibrant Villages' schemes are aimed at
giving a fresh boost to domestic tourism and promote local
economy. These schemes focus on encouraging middle-class
citizens to travel within the country instead of going overseas.
Also, under these schemes, the government aims to develop
theme-based tourist circuits and better tourism infrastructure
in remote parts of India.
With a view to promoting and developing the Indian
tourism industry further, in the Union Budget 2023-24
speech, the Finance Minister announced India would develop
50 new airports, water aerodrome and heliports to improve
connectivity within the cities and smaller towns.
Economic Survey 2022-23 : The Economic Survey 2022-
23 specifically mentions that India's tourism sector is showing
great signs of revival and is ranked 10th out of the top 64
countries in the world in the Medical Tourism Index
FY2020-21. The Survey said that medical tourism is on the
rise due to government initiatives like the Ayush Visa for
medical tourists, the launch of the National Strategy for
Sustainable Tourism and Responsible Traveller Campaign,
the introduction of the Swadesh Darshan 2.0 scheme and
Heal in India. The hotel occupancy rate in November 2022
was around 68% to 70%, reaching the average pre-pandemic
level of 2019-20.
70
developments bode well for all those aspiring to build a highly
rewarding, thrilling and professionally-satisfying career in tourism
and hospitality sector.
NCHMCT—Coordinating Growth of
Hospitability Management Education
National Council for Hotel Management and Catering
Technology (Society) was set up in the year 1982 by the
Government of India as an autonomous body for coordinated
growth and development of hospitality management education
in the country. Initially, the Council was set up in the name of
National Board of Studies in Food Management, Catering &
Nutrition under the administrative control of Ministry of
Agriculture (Deptt. of Food) and subsequently it was transferred
to the Union Ministry of Tourism in the year 1984 and renamed
as National Council for Hotel Management & Catering
Technology (NCHMCT). The registered office of the Council
is situated in New Delhi.
According to Council’s website, it regulates academics in the
field of Hospitality Education & Training that is imparted at
the 21 Central Government-sponsored Institutes of Hotel
Management (IHMs), 25 State Government-sponsored IHMs
offering Degree level/Diploma/Craft Certificate level
programmes, one PSU-owned Institute, 25 Private Institutes
and 14 Food Craft Institutes that function in different parts
of the country.
Through the Council, these institutes offer various
different professional programmes leading to awarding of
Certificate, Diploma, Post Graduate Diploma, Bachelor and
Master Degree.
Key Hotel Management Entrance Exams in India
The students aspiring to build a career in Hotel Management
can broadly take following exams for joining the best of the
hotel management institutes in the country.
H National Council for Hotel Management and
Catering Technology Joint Entrance Exam (NCHMCT
JEE)
H Institute of Hotel Management (IHMs) Joint Entrance
Examination for B.Sc Hospitality & Hotel Administration
H Army Institute of Hotel Management & Catering
Technology (AIHMCT-WAT)
H Bharati Vidyapeeth University HM Test
H Under Graduate Aptitude Test (UGAT)
H Uttar Pradesh Combined Entrance Test (UPCET)
H Chandigarh Institute of Hotel Management Admission
Test
H Punjab University Tourism and Hospitality Aptitude Test
H IITM - Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel
Management Entrance Test
H West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination Board (Hotel
Management)
H Institute of Hotel Management Aurangabad Admission
Test
H MAH-HM-CET Maharashtra Hotel Management
Common Entrance Test
H IHM Meerut Admissions Test
H Merit Swiss Asian School of Hotel Management, Ooty
Admissions Test
H NIPS School of Hotel Management Admission
Exam
Early Bird Catches the Worm
The earlier you start for a career in Hotel Management
domain, the better. Many aspirants even start preparing for the
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

entrance exams conducted by IHMs soon after their class 10th.
However, minimum qualification necessary for a Hotel
Management course is 10+2. Depending on the cost and
duration of the course, one can opt for a certificate, diploma or
degree course. Certificate courses can be of six months to one
year duration, a diploma of two-year and a degree course of
three-year duration. For those willing to go into the depth of
the course, some institutes offer Masters in Hotel Management.
Cost Considerations
Cost of the Hotel Management course is one of most
determining factors for the aspirants. However, there exists a
flexibility in costs of the course, suiting almost every budget.
Generally, the fee is dependent upon the rank and reputation
of the hotel management college. It may range anywhere between
Rs. 2 and Rs. 6 lakh for the graduate Hotel Management course.
Students who are either unwilling or are unable to afford this
amount for these courses from top notch Hotel Management
institutes also have the option of opting for diploma courses
offered by these institutes. One popular way to bear the cost,
is to avail low interest rate loan offered by most of the nationalised
banks. As per the government’s guidelines, all students enrolling
at some recognised Hotel Management Institutes are eligible to
get a loan of Rs 7.50 lakh for studying in India and Rs. 15 lakh
to study abroad. This education loan can be repaid within a
period of 5-7 years in equal instalments where the first instalment
starts one year after the completion of the course.
Do the Institutes Offer Scholarships?
Yes, almost all the Hotel Management institutes offer merit
based scholarships. Some discounts are also offered to
sponsored candidates who come for training. In case you are
more interested in exploring a career in academics, you may go
for Junior Research Fellowship offered by the institutes.
Job Prospects
The prospects of job in hospitality industry continue to be
as bright as ever before, which will keep on getting brighter with
the upsurge of economy. The Indian tourism industry continues
to be a bright spot amid general, through seemingly temporary
economic slowdown. It remains the harbinger of growth and
multiplier of jobs, leading to government paying special attention
for its uplift. Trained Hotel Management professionals carry a
significant advantage over the untrained graduates since not
many hotels are willing to invest in the training of recruits and
rather prefer hiring those who are already trained.
72
COURSES IN HOTEL
MANAGEMENT
In order to work in top level or middle-level management,
candidates must have a degree in Hotel Management. While
some hotels prefer hiring graduates straight from Hotel
Management universities, others follow a policy of hiring
only trained and experienced Hotel Management graduates.
A large number of Hotel Management Institutes offer
graduate courses to students after 10+2. Most of these
institutes have minimum eligibility criteria of 10+2 with
50% marks. The candidates who do not get 50% marks in
+2 have an option of pursuing diploma or certificate course
in Hotel Management offered by various institutes. The
Hotel Management courses are broadly classified in the
following categories, which the students can choose from
as per his academic qualifications. These courses are:
u Bachelor of Arts in Hospitality and Tourism Management
u Bachelor of Business Administration
u Bachelor of Science in Hotel Management
u B.Sc. in Hospitality and Hotel Administration (with &
without specialisation)
u Certificate Course in Hotel and Catering Management
u Craftsmanship Course in Food and Beverage Service
u Craftsmanship Course in Food Production
u Diploma in Bakery and Confectionery
u Diploma in Food and Beverage Service
u Diploma in Food Production
u Diploma in Front Office
u Diploma in Hotel Management
u Diploma in Housekeeping
u Hotel Reception and Book Keeping
u Master of Business Administration
u Master of Science in Hotel Management
u M.Sc. in Hospitality Administration
u Post Graduate Diploma in Accommodation Operation
and Management
u Post Graduate Diploma in Dietetics and Hospital Food
Service
u Restaurant and Counter Service
What About the International Scene?
The international hotel chains such as the Hyatt, Hilton,
Ramada, La Quinta, Marriott and Radisson do usually accept
the Indian Hotel Management degree, coupled with suitable
experience. These are known to offer attractive career options to
hotel management graduates from top notch hotel management
institutes in the country. Well known US hotels offer salary in
the range of $6000 to $7000 to Hotel Management graduates
with adequate experience. Many hotels in the USA also offer
high paying part-time jobs at lower positions.
Pros & Cons
Despite carrying an impression of being a glamorous
professional avenue, the hotel industry too is like any other
industry in the sense that it is dependent upon the overall state
of the economy. The upside is that with such a large number
of hotels existing in all parts of the country, there is no dearth
of options for those holding a degree in Hotel Management.
Working in a hotel requires a calm and level headed approach
since a pressurising situation is never far away. Maintaining poise
even in tough situations is one of the first requirements for hotel
management professionals. Some of the notable drawbacks
of a career in hotel management include long working hours,
having to deal with rude customers, unfixed and hectic timings,
etc.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

Career and Jobs
Although it seems like a glitzy, glamorous career, Hotel
Management requires well-trained professionals who can
keep their cool even in the most challenging situations.
The other traits of a hotel management professional include
strong communication skills, reasoning skills, numerical
aptitude and a pleasing personality. After pursuing courses
in this field, ample of job opportunities wait for the
students in various areas such as Cafeteria, Airline Catering
(flight kitchen) and Cabin Services, Club Management,
Cruise Ship Hotel Management, Hospital Administration
and Catering, Hotel and Tourism Associations, Hospitality
Services in the Indian Navy, Forest Lodges, Guest Houses,
Resorts, Kitchen Management Catering departments of
Railways, Banks, Armed Forces, Shipping Companies, etc.
The best among the students can also get to work
with large hotel chains. So if you are looking for a
career in Hotel Management choose the best institute
because employment chances are generally higher for
students who study in the top institutes. The girls who
are interested in hospitality sector, they can also go for
air-hostess courses.
Key to Get Hired
Like in any rewarding career, there are no shortcuts for
ensuring a successful career in the Hotel Management industry
either. Apart from having a degree from a reputed institute,
what can really give you an edge is an internship experience
with some renowned hotels. It is considered as the right
kind of exposure for the candidates. You can find a number
of paid internships and some unpaid internships offered by
hotels of all kinds. Even if you don’t land a paid internship
opportunity, you should go for an unpaid opportunity since
it adds to your experience and chances of getting a job.
The Top Notch Organisations to Try For
You can be reassured of a prosperous career if you manage
to land in a job at one of the top notch hotels in India. Some
of these hotels that offer attractive career and growth prospects
are as follows :
H Indian Hotels Company (Taj Hotels)
H ITC Hotels
H Oberoi Group (EIH Ltd.)
H Hyatt Hotels & Resorts
H J.W. Mariott (Chalet Hotels)
H The Leela Group (HLV Ltd.)
H Radisson
74
H The LaLit
H Le Meridien (Mac Charles India Ltd.)
H Lemon Tree Hotels Ltd.
H Mahindra Holidays & Resorts
H Oriental Hotels Ltd.
H The Trident
H The Park
H Hilton Group of Hotels
H Ramada Group of Hotels
H The Imperial Group of Hotels
H Mansingh Group of Hotels
H Clarks Group of Hotels
H Ambassador Group of Hotels
H Holiday Inn Group of Hotels
H Jaypee Group of Hotels
H Fortune Park Group of Hotels
H Welcome Heritage Group of Hotels
A Hotel Management degree opens up multiple options
for you, apart from just the hotels. Here is a list of places
where you can apply on the basis of your Hotel Management
degree:
1. Hotels : Hotels present the biggest employment
opportunity for Hotel Management graduates. There are
multiple departments in a hotel, with each of them requiring
trained professionals. These departments include Operations,
Front Office, Housekeeping, Food and Beverages, Accounting,
Engineering/Maintenance, Sales and Security. Right from
local hotels to Indian and international five-star hotels,
the opportunities are innumerable. With the same degree,
you may also aim for a career in ancillaries like chain
of restaurants e.g.: KFC, Domino’s, Mc Donald’s and Pizza
Hut.
2. Airline Catering and Cabin Services : You can join as
an Assistant Manager/ Manager Catering, Chefs, Assistant
Chefs etc. in one of the major airlines. Hotel Management
professionals are also considered for a career as an Air Hostess
and Flight Steward. Jobs at the level of Ground Staff or as
Public Relationship Officers are also open for Hotel
Management professionals. The salary offered for such positions
is above average. It may be around Rs. 25,000 for domestic
airlines and Rs. 50,000 for international airlines. An attractive
option for the candidates can be Cruise lines that offer even
higher packages to the employees.
3. Retail Sector : For quite some time now, the retail sector
in India has been undergoing a boom. This has created a need
for trained hospitality experts. At retail chains, positions such
as floor managers, floor executives, lobby managers or back
office staff are often open to Hotel Management professionals
as well.
4. Teaching : In case you are inclined towards teaching,
Hotel Management Institutes provide you a good opportunity
to make a career. These opportunities are available in India as
well as abroad. Professionals having practical experience of at
least a few years working in a hotel are preferred over other
candidates for the teaching positions. You can start your career
as an assistant lecturer and after 2 years of teaching experience,
you would be eligible for the post of a lecturer.
5. Entrepreneur : This is the age of new ideas, start-ups
and entrepreneurship. With the emergence of food start-ups
like Swiggy, Zomato, Foodpanda etc., the food related market
has been burgeoning in the country. One of the other options
can be opening one’s own restaurant or catering service
or working as a consultant for building up hotels or
restaurants.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR
HOSPITALITY GRADUATES
Global growth and development of tourism have opened up innumerable openings; as a result, a graduate can look
forward to career opportunities like the following :
H Management Trainee in Hotel and allied hospitality industry
H Kitchen Management/ Housekeeping Management positions in Hotels after initial stint as Trainee
H Flight Kitchens and on-board flight services also offer career opportunities
H Indian Navy Hospitality Services
H Guest/Customer Relation Executive in Hotel and other Service Sectors
H Management Trainee/Executive in international and national fast food chains
H Opportunities in Hospital and Institutional Catering
H Faculty in Hotel Management/Food Craft Institutes (after requisite work experience)
H Opportunities in Shipping and Cruise Lines
H Marketing/Sales Executive in Hotels and other Service Sectors
H Opportunities in State Tourism Development Corporations
H Opportunities in Resort Management
H Self-employment through entrepreneurship
H Opportunities available in Multinational Companies for their Hospitality Services
H Opportunities for commissioned job in Indian Navy

who have spent their hard earned money to book a hotel

Various Fronts of
Hotel Management
A formal organised hotel comprises many departments
working in sync with each other efficiently. The first five
departments in the hotel form its core and are directly
responsible for day-to-day operations at the hotel. The secondary
departments also play a significant role to ensure the general
administration of human resource department, finance,
engineering, sales and marketing, planning, etc. These fronts
of Hotel Management include :
FRONT OFFICE
‘First impression is the last impression’, so goes the saying,
which is particularly important for any good hotel. As the
nerve-centre of a hotel, this is where all the action takes place
since maximum guest interaction happens at the Front Office
only. The staff manning the Front Office is responsible for
welcoming the guests, registering, showing them the room,
giving them their room keys, helping them with their luggage,
answering any questions that they might have about the activities
in the hotel and surrounding area and helping them to check
out of the hotel once their stay is over. Apart from the
restaurant staff, the guests usually only have direct contact with
members of the Front Office staff in the hotel.
This department is headed by the Front Office Manager
who is responsible for supervising all the work and activities
at the Front Office. The staff comprises the Front Office
include Receptionists, Assistant Managers, Front Office
Supervisors, Information Assistants, Lobby Executives,
Bellboys, Doormen etc., with all of them working under their
respective assigned roles. The Front Office usually performs
five specific functions, with all of them being collectively headed
by the Front Office Manager:
1. Reception
2. Bell service
3. Mail and information
4. Concierge
5. Cashiers and night auditors
HOUSEKEEPING
Nothing gives the guests more pleasure than a well kept
room ready for them before they check in. The contrary is also
true. An untidy room can immediately puts off the guests
76
room. Thus, the work undertaken by the housekeeping staff
has the potential to alter the hotel’s brand value completely.
They are responsible for taking utmost care of all the guest
rooms and public spaces within the hotel premises. This
department usually has the largest staff among all the
departments working in the hotel. They are also responsible
for the laundry operations, whether they are undertaken within
the hotel or outside the hotel. In the housekeeping department,
most of the employees are room attendants who clean the
guest rooms and usually, the public spaces of the hotel. In
order to excel in the Housekeeping Department of the hotel,
the individual would need to have an eye for detail and a
commitment to training and development. The Housekeeping
Department works 24 hours a day and hence the personnel
need to work in shifts that may vary.
FOOD & BEVERAGES DEPARTMENT
This department is usually a significant money churner for the
hotel. In fact, in most cases, this department is second only to the
room division in terms of revenue turnover. Restaurants and
coffee shops, bar, banquet, discotheque, clubs and dining services,
are all parts of this particular department which is headed by F&B
Manager. This is an extremely important department for the hotel
since its prestige is dependent upon the popularity of this
department. This department is responsible for serving high
quality food and beverages to the guests.
Right from preparation to presentation and service at the bar
and bakery, this department handles all of its responsibility and
much more. At major hotels, Chef de Cuisine is put as the
overall in-charge of the kitchen while Chef de Partis is
in-charge of a particular section within the kitchen. Sous Chef
coordinates and supervises the work of Chef de Partis. The
dining hall is put under the charge of Maitre de Hotel while
the Chef de Range looks over the dining hall. Demi Chef de
Range or Steward is responsible for serving the food in the
dining hall. Bartenders are responsible for serving drinks in the
dining hall and the bar.
PURCHASE AND
STORES DEPARTMENT
Purchasing at a lower cost while selling at a higher price
defines the profit. Thus, the overall profit made by the hotel
is dependent on the efficiency with which the Purchase and
Stores Department works. Even the smallest of purchases for
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 the hotel are looked over by this department. It is usually
SALARY STRUCTURE headed by the Purchase Manager but of late, this post has
been substituted by Material Manager who is in-charge of all
(IN A 4-5 STAR HOTEL) purchasing and storing activities at the hotel.
The Hotel Management course promises one of the most ENGINEERING/MAINTENANCE
rewarding careers, particularly in terms of pay packages.
However, the salary structure depends on the hotels you DEPARTMENT
join, with Five Star hotels offering the best package. Your
final salary also depends on the city of your posting and This department is the spine of backend operations of a
your experience. Attractive incentives offered by many hotels good hotel. Although the personnel of this department may
can almost double your salary in such hotels. Presented not be needed every day but when they are needed, they are
below are the salary figures pertaining to some important required to solve the problem in no time. All the machinery
positions in leading hotels : and equipment in the hotel and their upkeep is the responsibility
of this department. They also look after all the carpentry,
Job Profile Range Average upholstery and small building, plumbing and other works of
Salary a hotel. Hotels usually prefer engineering professionals and
(in Rs.) some support staff for this particular department. The
department has amongst its ranks Mechanical Engineers, Electrical
General Manager, Hotel 259k - 6m 1,277,271 Engineers, Electricians, Plumbers etc. They look after water
supply, geysers, air-conditioners, plumbing etc. Their job is to
Executive Chef 454k - 2m 1,021,400 ensure that the electrical gadgets are perfectly in order.

Sous Chef 239k - 2m 619,379

Food and Beverage Manager
Maintenance & Engg. Manager
Front House Manager
Housekeeping Manager
Restaurant Manager
Lobby Manager
Food and Beverage Supervisor
Sales Executive
Guest Service Executive
Front Desk Supervisor
SECURITY DEPARTMENT
Security of its guests is one of the paramount responsibilities
296k - 2m 661,622 of a good hotel, particularly in view of the emergence of
various types of threats. Robust security arrangements are
348k - 1m 681,812 considered a prerequisite for hosting a high profile event and
thus, high end hotels give due importance to such arrangements
297k - 1m 659,592 since these increase their chances of getting high paying contracts
for hosting important events. Security Department is
239k - 1m 471,177 responsible for proper monitoring and surveillance of the
equipment and ensuring that the guests, employees and the
properties are safe and secure all the time. The department is
171k - 531k 303,124 headed by the Chief Security Officer who is tasked with
managing, supervising and coordinating with the entire staff
201k - 539k 328,669 of the hotel. The personnel in this department work in shifts
and look after the various areas of the hotel premises. This
185k - 454k 282,194 department is usually given to a retired Armed Forces personnel
who are well versed with the security related challenges.
171k - 539k 289,879
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
117k - 305k 190,026 This department is the backbone of a hotel’s financial
management and related statutory compliances. No good
111k - 319k 188,682 business can run without knowing its actual numbers an
Accounts Department is headed by the Chief Accounts Officer
or Finance Officer. All the financial activities of the hotel are
looked over by this department. The accounting activities under
this department include cash receipts and banking, the processing
of payrolls, accumulating operating data and the preparation
of internal reports, audits and financial statements. The
department is also responsible for ensuring that adequate internal
controls are in place in order to avoid any internal or external
thefts. The most suitable candidates for this job are accountancy
and commerce professionals. Some of the positions under this
department include Chief Cashier and Cash Clerk/Bill Clerk.
SALES AND MARKETING DEPARTMENT
This is the age of branding. Given its immense benefits,
hotels spend a lot on image building and marketing activities.
The Sales and Marketing Department is responsible for creating
and spreading the brand name of the Hotel. At times, they may
be asked to work with a tight sales target which usually comes
along with significant incentives as well. There may be set
targets for the sales of rooms, functions, conventions or even
restaurants and bars. The department is also in charge of the
hotel’s advertising along with its promotions and publicity.
For this, the department works hand-in-hand with the Public

78 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023

Relations team of the hotel. The department personnel are
required to maintain constant communication with travel
agents, tour operators and corporate clients for bulk bookings.
The department is headed by the Marketing Manager who is
required to understand the current market trends and make
department policies in accordance with such facts. Apart from
gaining new clients, he also ensures the retention of loyal long
time guests of the hotel. Technology savvy sales and marketing
departments have the potential to change the fortunes of the
Hotel. An ideal Sales Manager in a large Chain of Hotels has
a sales degree and experience of working in the department
with proven results.
HEALTH CLUB & SPA
With ever-increasing health consciousness among the people,
particularly foreigners and others in high income bracket, there
has been demand for health clubs in good hotels. Usually, the
Health Club consists of a gymnasium, a massage centre and
a spa. Depending upon the type of hotel, the gymnasium
offers to its guests equipment such as treadmill, crossbar trainer,
exercise bike, free weights, cycles, rowers, fitness accessories,
etc., for physical exercises. The spa facility, in most hotels, is
not free of charge unlike the gymnasium. Since it is a revenue
generator for the hotel, the spa is found in many more hotels
as compared to the gymnasium. In most cases, the spa would
include sauna, steam, massage centre, yoga and meditation
centre and swimming pool. Trained specialist staff are appointed
to look after all these facilities and assist the guests who wish
to avail these services. Most guests expect good hotels to have
spa facility on offer and hence it has become a necessity in order
to live up to the expectations of the guests. This presents a
great employment opportunity to those who have earlier
worked in such facilities. You would have a distinct advantage
if you are a licensed therapist. The journey from a therapist to
a manager is highly rewarding both professionally as well as
personally. Good hotels have positions such as Spa Director,
Assistant Spa Director, Spa Manager, Spa Supervisor, etc. which
offer handsome monetary rewards.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
BEAUTY SALON
Yet another revenue earner for the hotels, Beauty Salons
offer a wide variety of services ranging from daily upkeep to
make up for events. These services may include different kinds
of facials, foot and hand care like pedicure and manicure,
aromatherapy, body massages, oxygen therapy, mud baths and
others. Beauty treatments such as waxing and threading may
also be availed at these beauty salons. Many hotels offer unisex
salon services to their clients, thus increasing their chances of
earning better revenues. The salons are managed by experts
from this field who would be required to have adequate
experience in the field along with a degree.
BANQUET DEPARTMENT
Banquet halls are major revenue generators for the hotels
and thus, their marketing is taken very seriously. This is where
all the major events are held. The person in-charge of the
Banquet Department has to play a dual role of handling the
functions of the Marketing and Sales Department and the
Food and Beverages Department. He also looks after the
preparations of the events to be hosted in the banquet hall.
Since an increasing number of people are opting to host
events such as weddings, birthdays, office parties, anniversaries,
business conferences, office meetings, high-profile interviews,
etc., at renowned hotels, there is immense scope for banquet
halls in the country. This makes the job of the Banquet
Manager all the more important. He has to ensure that the
banquet is run in accordance with the standards of the hotel
and that there are smooth operations at the Banquet. Apart
from the operations inside the Banquet, the Banquet Manager
also looks into the labour costs and purchases related to the
Banquet.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
Quality manpower makes all the difference to the reputation
of a hotel. This aspect is taken care of by Human Resource
Department. The department is responsible for choosing the
79
 TOP GOVERNMENT INSTITUTES OF
HOTEL MANAGEMENT OF INDIA
H IHM Mumbai, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Mumbai
H IHM Kolkata, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Taratala Road,
Kolkata, West Bengal
H IHM PUSA, Institute of Hotel Management Catering & Nutrition, Pusa, New Delhi
H IHM Ranchi, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Ranchi / SIHM
H IHM Hyderabad, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad
H IHM Chennai, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Chennai
H IHM Jaipur, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Jaipur
H IHM Bangalore, Institute of Hotel Management, Seshadri Road, Bangalore
H IHM Gwalior, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Gwalior
H IHM Goa, Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Goa

right people to run the hotel. Almost all the positions in the
hotel are filled through recruitments conducted by the HR
Department. Apart from recruitment, the department also
handles the planning, requirement and selection of staff, health
and security. They undertake staff training exercises to ensure
that the staff is up-to-date with all aspects of the job at hand.
With the government introducing a large number of legislations
with regard to hiring and treating of staff, this department has
a crucial role to play in the running of the hotel. One of the
other important tasks of the HR Department is to ensure that
the morale of the staff remains high amidst hectic working
schedules. For this purpose, they organise multiple events for
the staff members. The HR Director is usually also the head
of the safety committee and that committee attempts to ensure
that the property remains a safe workplace through policy and
procedure.
BUSINESS CENTRE
The Business Centre of a hotel is of keen interest to the
corporate and business houses. With an increasing number of
business travellers in India and abroad, hotels are offering their
business centres to fulfil their meeting and conference related
needs. It has emerged as a significant source of revenue
and branding for the hotels at the same time. The business
guests are usually given priority treatment by the hotels due
to their chances of being a repeat customer. The business
centres have evolved significantly over the past couple
of decades, placing themselves as the perfect spot to have
creative and imaginative discussions along with team building
exercises.
Business centres have also become an important marketing
tool for hotels since the amenities offered at the business
centres set a particular hotel apart from the others. These are
operational 24×7 to suit the needs of their corporate clients.
Some of the common facilities offered at these centres include
secretarial and translation services and business support from
computers, printers and scanners to high-speed Internet access,
hotel-wide Wi-Fi, videoconferencing, photocopying and fax
facilities. Some other high end business centres may also offer
24-hour multilingual concierge service, airline reservations,
Internet access in guest accommodations, complimentary
newspaper and direct-dial multi-line telephones with voice mail,
speaker and data port.
The Way Forward
Today, Hotel Management is not only restricted to hotels
but has gone a long way to catering, clubs, food and beverage
industry, resorts, airlines, cruise and many more. Hotel
80
Management stands for specialised management methods
implemented in the hotel and hospitality industry. The domain
of Hotel Management today comprises housekeeping, hotel
administration, food and beverages management, front office,
upkeep, marketing, and accounts.
With Indian economy reviving and people stepping outdoors,
though with all the Corona-related caution, ‘Staycation’ is seen
as an emerging trend. In Staycation, people stay at luxurious
hotels to revive themselves of stress in a peaceful getaway. To
cater to such needs, major hotel chains such as Marriott
International, IHG Hotels & Resorts and Oberoi Hotels have
introduced staycation offers where guests can choose from a
host of curated experiences, within the hotel.
Further, with the government push, India’s travel and
tourism industry promises to have a huge growth potential.
The industry is also looking forward to the expansion of
e-Visa scheme, which is expected to double the tourist inflow
in India. India’s travel and tourism industry has the potential
to expand by 2.5% on the back of higher budgetary allocation
and low-cost healthcare facility, according to a joint study
conducted by Assocham and Yes Bank. All in all, a career in
Hotel Management in India remains big on promise and
potential. So, shed any inhibitions whatsoever, and pursue the
profession with aplomb and positivity. Rest assured, sky is the
limit for those of you who humbly put their heart, head and
soul in this domain.
Tourism in India continues to have significant potential
considering the rich cultural and historical heritage, variety in
ecology, terrains and places of natural beauty spread across the
country.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 TOP HOTEL MANAGEMENT
INSTITUTES OF INDIA
In its characteristic manner, CSR has always tried to look different from others in its area, as it has always laid a lot of stress on
the demands of the changing times in order to satisfy its esteemed readers. It has always kept in mind that no two individuals are
exactly alike and we, at CSR, have always put in our best effort in order to make every individual realise his/her unique potential to
the full. We have tried our best to update our readers on the latest happenings in their respective areas of interest. With a view to
catering to our readers’ aspirational requirement with regard to the fast-emerging area of knowledge, i.e. Hotel Management, we
are presenting here a list of Top Hotel Management Institutes.

North
· Kukreja Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, Dehradun
· Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition (IHM Meerut), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
· Himalayan Institute of Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
· Institute of Hotel Management, IPS Academy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
· International Institute of Culinary Arts (IICA), Hauz Khas, New Delhi
· Lakshya Bhartee Institute of Hotel Management (LBIHM), Delhi
· Jagran Lakecity University, School of Hospitality and Tourism, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

East
· Institute of Hotel Management (IHM Kolkata), Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition,
Taratala Road, Kolkata
· Guru Nanak Institute of Hotel Management, Kolkata, West Bengal
· IIIHM (A Global Hotel Management Centre of Excellence of UEM Kolkata in New Town),
Kolkata, West Bengal
· SOA School of Hotel Management (Siksha 'O' Anusandhan), Bhubaneswar, Odisha
· IIHM—International Institute of Hotel Management, Kolkata, West Bengal
· NSHM Knowledge Campus, Durgapur & Kolkata
· IHM Ranchi–Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Ranchi / SIHM
· Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
· Institute of Science & Management (ISM), Ranchi

West
· IHM Mumbai, Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Mumbai
· Welcome Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal, Karnataka
· Gujarat Institute of Hotel Management, Vadodara, Gujarat
· Tuli College of Hotel Management, Nagpur, Maharashtra
· T. John College, Department of Hotel Management, Bangalore, Karnataka
· Goa College of Hospitality & Culinary Education, Cidade De Goa, Vainguinim Beach, Goa

South
· SRM Institute of Hotel Management, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
· IHM Hyderabad, Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Vidyanagar,
Hyderabad
Oriental School of Hotel Management, Wayanad
· King Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
· Indian Institute of Catering Technology and Hotel Management, Trichy Road, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 81

 TOP HOTEL MANAGEMENT
ASSAM
INSTITUTES OF INDIA
H IAM Institute of Hotel Management, Guwahati
DELHI
H International Institute of Hotel Management, New
Delhi
H International Institute of Culinary Arts (IICA), Hauz
Khas, New Delhi
H Lakshya Bhartee Institute of Hotel Management
(LBIHM), Delhi
GOA
H International Institute of Hotel Management, Goa
H Goa College of Hospitality & Culinary Education,
Cidade De Goa, Vainguinim Beach
GUJARAT
H Gujarat Institute of Hotel Management, Vadodara
H DIMS Institute of Hotel Management, Ahmedabad
H Jindal School of Hotel Management, Vadodara
JHARKHAND
H IHM Ranchi–Institute of Hotel Management Catering
Technology and Applied Nutrition, Ranchi
H Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
H Institute of Science & Management (ISM), Ranchi
KARNATAKA
H IAM Institute of Hotel Management, Belagavi
H International Institute of Hotel Management,
Bangalore
H T. John College, Department of Hotel Management,
Bangalore, Karnataka
H We l c o m g r o u p G r a d u a t e S c h o o l o f H o t e l
Administration, Manipal
H Sambhram College of Hotel Management, Kolar
KERALA
H Oriental School of Hotel Management, Wayanad
H Munnar Catering College (MCC), Trivandrum
H AV Abdurahiman Haji Arts & Science College,
Kozhikode
MADHYA PRADESH
H Institute of Hotel Management, IPS Academy, Indore
H RKDF College of Hotel Management, Bhopal
H Jagran Lakecity University, School of Hospitality and
Tourism, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
MAHARASHTRA
H IHM Mumbai, Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Mumbai
H International Institute of Hotel Management, Pune
H Tuli College of Hotel Management, Nagpur
H Symbiosis School of Culinary Arts (SSCA), Pune
ODISHA
H SOA School of Hotel Management (Siksha 'O'
Anusandhan), Bhubaneswar, Odisha
82
H Xavier College of Hotel Management (XCHM),
Cuttack
H National Institute of Hotel Management & Tourism,
Bhubaneswar
PUNJAB
H Desh Bhagat Institute of Hotel Management &
Catering Technology, Gobindgarh
H CT Institute of Hotel Management, Jalandhar
H Cordia Institute of Hospitality & Tourism
Management, Fatehgarh Sahib
RAJASTHAN
H International Institute of Hotel Management, Jaipur
H Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur
H Maharishi Arvind Institute of Hotel Management,
Jaipur
TAMIL NADU
H SRM Institute of Hotel Management, Chennai
H VELS University, Chennai
H Indian Institute of Catering Technology and Hotel
Management, Trichy Road, Thanjavur
H King Institute of Hotel Management and Catering
Technology, Madurai
TELANGANA
H Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology
& Applied Nutrition, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad
H International Institute of Hotel Management,
Hyderabad
H Pinnacle Institute of Hotel Management, Hyderabad,
Telangana
UTTAR PRADESH
H Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology
& Applied Nutrition (IHM Meerut), Meerut, Uttar
Pradesh
H SAMS Institute o f Hotel Management, Varanasi
H Department of Hotel Management Catering &
Tourism, IIMT University, Meerut
UTTARAKHAND
H Kukreja Institute of Hotel Management & Catering
Technology, Dehradun
H UIHMT Group of Colleges, Mohkam Pur Kala
WEST BENGAL
H IIIHM (A Global Hotel Management Centre
Excellence of UEM Kolkata in Newtown), Kolkata,
West Bengal
H Guru Nanak Institute of Hotel Management, Kolkata,
West Bengal
H International Institute of Hotel Management (IIHM),
Kolkata
H NSHM Knowledge Campus, Durgapur, Kolkata
H IAM Institute of Hotel Management, Kolkata
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 SCALING THE HEIGHTS
IN HOTEL INDUSTRY
Seen as a hub of natural and monumental wonders, cultural
and civilisational splendour and exquisitely rich heritage, India
has been a big attraction for tourists from world over for ages.
And this trend continues unabated to this day, and rather is
increasing with each passing year, complemented by related
ever-improving infrastructure, particularly in terms of quality
hotels. However, much of India still remains unexplored by
tourists, which promises a very bright future for its tourism
and hotel industry. Given the still untapped vast potential of
tourism and hospitality industry, a career in this domain
remains one of the safest bets for the seekers of exciting
as well as well-paid career. Particularly the country's hospitality
sector, which is at the core of overall tourism industry, is
today brimming with opportunities and the right candidates
can really make it big here. You will appreciate what the legendary
American writer Mark Twain, one among the many like him,
said about the country—"India is the cradle of the human
race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history,
the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of
tradition. Our most valuable and most artistic materials in
the history of man are treasured up in India only!" Martin
Luther King, Jr had said: “To other countries, I may go as a
tourist, but to India, I come as a pilgrim.” Such words of
wisdom from global personalities make India a big draw for
tourists—thereby offering fast success in travel, tourism and
hospitality sector.
There are immense opportunities for candidates having the
required bent of mind to grow to the very top of Hotel
Management hierarchy. It is this established path of career-
growth in Hotel Management domain that a course in Hotel
Management remains one of the most popular choices among
students. Another reason is that there is a constant need for
skilled professionals in the hospitality sector. Such is the demand
for Hotel Management programmes in India that many five-
star hotels in the country have also started offering Hotel
Management courses. For many of you, these courses are a
pathway to a career that is as demanding as it is considered to
be glamorous, while for many others, the field offers prospects
of high salaries, posh standard-of-living, a chance to travel to
new places and have new experiences every day at work.
With a graduate or postgraduate degree in Hotel Management,
you can choose to work in departments such as housekeeping,
hotel administration, food & beverage management, front
office, sales & marketing, and so on. However, for lucrative job
offers in top-notch companies and hotels such as the Taj
Group, ITC Group and Oberoi Group of Hotels, it is
important that you obtain Hotel Management degree from
reputed colleges. Further, it is to be noted, that particularly ever
since Corona pandemic, technology has more or less changed
the way the hospitality & tourism industry operates. So, you
need to be a tech-savvy even before considering a course in
Hotel Management.
With globalisation gaining ground, the Hotel industry has
also gone global, offering plethora of career avenues to make
it big. As hotel chains are expanding in various big and small
cities, the requirement for trained Hotel Management
professionals, particularly in managerial positions, is huge. In
order to work in top level or middle-level management,
candidates must have requisite degrees preferably including
that in travel management, along with specific skill-sets, training
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
and experience. Here, we provide an overview of various
managerial positions in the sphere of Hotel Management :
GENERAL MANAGER
To put in a nutshell, the General Manager is the captain of
the ship. He/she oversees the efficient and profitable running
of the hotel or lodging property. The General Manager is
responsible for: the overall running of the hotel. The GM is
responsible for providing direction and guidance to the hotel
not just while making major strategic decisions but also for the
day-to-day operations in the hotel. In most cases, he is the
direct link between the owner of the hotel and the hotel
operations. Also called the Hotel Manager, he is responsible
for ensuring overall guest satisfaction at the hotel and to
ensure maintenance of norms under which the hotel must
operate. He is responsible and answerable to the owners/
board of directors while the hotel staff is usually answerable
to the General Manager.
The General Manager's duties depend on the size and main
function of the hotel (for example, a convention centre). A
General Manager at a large full-service hotel will have more of
an administrative job, overseeing managers and departments,
while a manager of a smaller hotel is likely to take on some
of those roles himself.
Responsibilities of a General Manager
As a Hotel Manager, you will need to take up the following
responsibilities :
H To have in place, a plan to organise accommodation,
catering and other hotel services for all the guests and
clients
H To oversee the promotion and marketing campaigns for
the business
H To make plans, manage budgets and financial documents
and have overall control over the expenditure of the hotel
H To ensure maintenance of statistical and financial records
H To set sales and profit targets and make strategies on how
to achieve them
H To analyse the sales figures of the hotel
H To make key hiring decisions, especially in recruiting to
high level positions
H To devise work schedules for individuals and teams
H To meet and greet the customers whenever the need
arises
8833
 H To act as the final point of resolution for all customer
complaints and comments
H To troubleshoot any and every problem
H To deal with all the contractors and suppliers
H To carry out timely as well as surprise inspections
H To ensure that the hotel complies with licensing laws,
health and safety and other statutory regulations
SALARY
According to PayScale.com, the annual salary for the post of
the General Manager can range from Rs. 15 lakh to Rs. 50 lakh
per annum, depending upon his/her overall experience and
the size and brand of the hotel where they are employed. It
also depends upon the performance and progression of the
individual. It will be lower in small, independent hotels as
compared to major national and international brands. There
may be significant financial rewards for those working at high
end hotels.
Desired skills
To succeed as a General Manager, you would need to have:
H a pleasing personality, to go with a genuine desire to be
helpful and cooperative
H an ability to have a clear head, helping you in making
quick decisions
H a proven aptitude in numeracy and logistical planning is
an added advantage
H a knack for striking a balance between the priorities of
customers and that of the business
H an ability to inspire other team members to work towards
the desired goal
H proficiency in more than one language would always be
considered as a significant advantage
RESIDENT MANAGER
A Resident Manager is a manager who lives on the hotel
property and is usually the second in command. He/she is
on-call any time of day or night and his purpose is to assist
the General Manager with the smooth and profitable running
of the hotel. A Resident Manager is usually employed at a
large, full service hotel as an assistant to the General Manager
so that there's always a senior manager available on-site to deal
with any immediate issues (for example, an upset customer or
a safety emergency such as a kitchen fire). Because of this, the
people who report to the Resident Manager are the same
people who would report to the General Manager.
The Resident Manager is usually required to present frequent
reports to the General Manager of the hotel. A Resident
Manager is likely to work at a large hospitality establishment
like a hotel, casino hotel, ski/sports/beach resort or destination
lodge.
Responsibilities of a Resident Manager
The Resident Manager is responsible for the following:
H To assist the General Manager in running the hotel
H To look into the financial matters of the hotel which
include forecasting of the annual budget of the hotel and
training staff to correctly deal with the financial side of
customer service
H Setting a good example of service excellence to those
under his authority
H Training staff to meet service standard requirements
H Preparing and carrying out detailed marketing and sales
plans
H Dealing with potential security problems and safety hazards
H Resolving on-site issues at the hotel (relating to guests,
employees or the property) among many other duties
84
The exact responsibilities of the Resident Manager depend
upon multiple factors, including the organisational structure
of the hotel and the size of the hotel. In case he is working
under the General Manager, the two would share the workload
of managing the hotel. A Resident Manager needs to have a
good education such as a diploma in Hospitality Management
and plenty of industry experience.
Required Skills
The required vital skills of a Resident Manager include: excellent
communication, working independently and in a team,
outstanding problem-solving abilities, clear thinking and
good decision making under pressure and superb relational skills.
Earning Potential
The earning potential of a Resident Manager depends on
the property being managed by him/her. Salaries vary
considerably from “Assistant Manager” type positions in small,
limited service hotels to Resident Manager/General Manager
positions in large, upmarket hotels. In 4-5 star hotels the salary
can be over Rs. 18 lakh per annum.
FRONT OFFICE MANAGER
As indicated by the name of the position, a hotel Front
Office Manager is tasked with making sure that the Front
Office—the place where guests first come in contact with the
hotel and staff—runs smoothly and effectively. The Front
Office Manager is responsible for ensuring that the front office
activities are in order. His/her job is extremely important since
the front office has the most customer interaction amongst all
the hotel departments. The manager supervises all the front
office personnel and is directly responsible for all the front
office duties. Some of the things he/she looks after include
the activities of the front desk, reservations, guest services and
telephone areas. He/she is also tasked with the preparation of
monthly reports and budget for front office department. The
Front Office is the area of the hotel where guests form their
first and last impressions of the hotel—this makes it really
important for the Front Office Manager to work hard to create
a pleasant experience for guests to ensure their return. In a full
service hotel, the Reservations Manager, the Chief Operator,
Night Manager and the Service Manager all report to the Front
Office Manager. If the hotel has a front desk clerk, concierge,
night auditors, doormen and security, these people all report
to the Front Office Manager as well.
The key skills required for a Front Office Manager are
diplomacy and the ability to communicate clearly, firm leadership
skills, ability to multitask, prioritise and manage time, the
ability to perform under pressure, and high motivation.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Front Office Manager's Duties and Responsibilities :
H To oversee the training and working of all the front office
personnel
H To take part in the hiring process of front office personnel
H To supervise and divide the workload at the front office
during different shifts
H To evaluate and rate the overall job performance of front
office employees
H To maintain the control of the master key
H To receive all the key information from the previous shift
manager before taking charge of the shift and pass on all
the important details to the oncoming manager
H To check the cash counters and verify bank deposits at the
end of each shift
H To take steps to maximise revenue and occupancy by
reviewing status daily
H To monitor all special guests at the hotel and handle their
legitimate requests
H To perform any other duties as directed by the management
of the hotel
Pay Package
The average salary of an experienced Front Office Manager
in a good entity is around Rs. 4 lakh to 8 lakh per annum.
HOUSE-KEEPING SUPERVISOR
The position of executive housekeeper is a supervisory job.
Hotels employ executive housekeepers in hands-on and
administrative roles to help maintain the quality of guest-
related housecleaning work. This management position
frequently requires the Executive Housekeeper to handle
scheduling duties and housekeeping systems that fit the needs
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
of the establishment and its guests. This supervisor also
establishes and maintains systems related to key security, room
inspections, and employee evaluations. As the in-charge of the
housekeeping department in the hotel, the executive
housekeeper can hire or discharge, plan and assign work
assignments, train the newly recruited employees in the
department and much more. He is also responsible for
preparing the budget for his department and justifying it
whenever asked.
Responsibility & Authority of Executive Housekeeper :
H To ensure cleanliness, orderliness and appearance of the
entire Hotel
H To ensure that all the hotel rooms are maintained as per
company standards
H To prepare the Annual Housekeeping Budget
H To ensure responsibility for the stock needed for guest
supplies, cleaning supplies, linen and uniform
H To ensure paying particular attention towards organising
pest eradication activities
H To ensure assistance to the purchase department in
selection of the best suppliers for housekeeping related
items
H To organise on-the job training for those working in the
housekeeping department
H To undertake daily inspection of public area and the
locker rooms for the employees
SALARY
The average salary of an Executive Housekeeper with
about 5-9 years of experience is around Rs. 5-6 lakh
annually in a mid-level entity and over Rs. 12 lakh in a 4-5 star
hotel.
85
 EXECUTIVE CHEF
The Executive Chef is the undisputed in-charge of the
kitchen. Anything coming in or going out from the kitchen is
under his personal watch. The job of Executive Chefs is to
share their knowledge and experience with employees under
them, delegate tasks, and ensure the quality of all food produced
in their kitchens. An Executive Chef needs expert culinary
knowledge and insight into how to run a kitchen. They must
also be knowledgeable of needed kitchen equipment and able
to track inventory. He may be known by different designations
such as the Chef Manager or Head Chef, but his overall job
responsibilities remain almost the same. Irrespective of the
size of kitchen and the number of staff working in the
kitchen, he is given the responsibility of resolving any problems
efficiently to serve exceptional cuisine. This line of career can
be emotionally and financially lucrative for people having the
magic of taste in their fingers. This role requires you to display
your leadership skills as much as your culinary skills in the
kitchen.
Job Responsibilities of Executive Chef
H To ensure freshness of food, coordinate the activities of
all the cooks, brainstorming on the best presentation of
food, ensuring utmost quality of each meal
H To inspect all the kitchen equipment for cleanliness, and
to monitor the sanitation policies used in the kitchen
H To oversee the daily operations of a kitchen, but his
duties would often go well beyond the kitchen since he
will also work to develop new recipes, plan the changes
in the menus, hire or train food preparation workers,
maintain food supplies' inventory, follow food budget,
and other administrative work as and when required
SALARY
The amount of money a Chef makes depends primarily on
his level of experience, his job title and most importantly, where
he works. Executive Chefs working at 5-star restaurants receive
the most money, earning over Rs. 24 lakh annually in a 4-5 star
hotel. A kitchen management trainee makes about Rs. 15,000
to Rs. 20,000 a month. A sous chef in a leading hotel can draw
Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 70,000 a month.
FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANAGER
Food and beverages play a major role in ensuring a good
experience for the guests at the hotel, making the role of Food
and Beverage Manager extremely significant. He is responsible
for forecasting, planning and controlling the ordering of food
and beverages (drinks) for the hotel. The financial planning for
86
the department would also be his responsibility. He has to
strike the fine balance between purchasing too much and too
little. In the world of catering, Food and Beverage
Manager handles all of the business decisions regarding
food and beverages served to customers. This can be in a
hotel setting, a restaurant setting, or just about any other
setting in which food is served to paying customers. The basic
principle of this position is to make profitable decisions that
will improve and maintain the quality of food and drink in
an establishment.
Food & Beverage Manager's Responsibilities :
The Food & Beverage Manager has the following
responsibilities :
H To take up the financial responsibility of purchasing F&B
stock; Stock control; Storage control; Goods receiving;
Planning and carrying out of F&B budgets. He would
also need to prepare and submit the relevant financial
reports to the management of the hotel or the General
Manager
H He would need to work closely with the kitchen staff and
contribute to the design and update of menus for
restaurants. His decisions must keep in mind the relevant
and upcoming food trends and customer preferences for
this purpose
H F&B Manager also plays a key role in recruiting, hiring,
training, evaluating and terminating F&B staff, if and
when needed
H He is also responsible for maintaining high standards in
customer service, especially whenever the guests visit
restaurants in the hotel or order food or beverages in
their rooms
SALARY
An entry-level Food and Beverage Manager with less than
one year experience can expect to earn an average total
compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of
Rs. 3,60,000 annually. An early career Food and Beverage
Manager with 1-4 years of experience earns an average total
compensation of Rs. 4 lakh. A mid-career Food and Beverage
Manager with 5-9 years of experience earns an average total
compensation of Rs. 6 lakh in mid-level hotel and up to
Rs. 21 lakh per annum in a 4-5 star hotel.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER
The HR Manager is the head of the Human Resource
Department and is responsible for overseeing the daily
operations of the Human Resources office. He is also
responsible for undertaking recruitments, maintaining healthy
employee relations, passing on employee benefits and workers
compensation. His other works may include workforce
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
planning, recruitment, staffing strategies, wage and salary
administration, etc.
Main Responsibilities of HR Manager
H To design hiring plans for all hotel departments to suit
the seasonal needs of the hotel
H To take interviews of candidates and evaluate them
H To manage compensation and benefit plans for all the
employees of the hotel
H To maintain a record of employees' attendance and their
working schedules. This would include paid time off,
overtime and breaks
H To get the newly hired employees onboard
H To prepare reports for the General Manager, highlighting
the employee turnover rates
H To organise individual records of employees including
contracts while paying special attention to work permits
and visas
H To duly implement employee retention programs
H To schedule timely and frequent training for all hotel
employees
SALARY
A mid-career Human Resource (HR) Manager with 5-9 years
of experience earns an average total compensation of Rs. 7.5
lakh annually in a mid-level hotel. An experienced Human
Resource (HR) Manager with 10-19 years of experience earns
an average total compensation of Rs. 19 lakh plus per annum.
SALES MANAGER
A Sales Manager works to reach out to contacts and
secure new accounts for the hotel, as well as to promote
repeat business from past clients. Of all the different
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
managers working in the hotel, the post of the Sales
Manager can be said to be the most critical. In very
simple terms, his job is to ensure that the hotel makes
money. They may be required to work alongside Senior Sales
Managers or hotel owners while making plans for sales
promotions and setting long and short term sales goals. The
Sales Managers also have meetings with larger groups such as
companies, travelling executives and travel agents, in which
they try to strike a bulk deal with them. Such agreements with
larger groups can result into successful repeat business for the
hotel.
A Hotel Sales Manager is also required to sell to the
prospective and current guests other services such as dining
options, swimming pools and exercise rooms. He would also
notify them in case there has been a room upgrade. One of
the prerequisites of making the sale is having complete
knowledge of all of the services offered by the hotel. A
number of Hotel Sales Managers actually start their job in the
hotel support positions before receiving promotions to reach
this post. Hotel Sales Managers may also delve into public
relations, marketing, or convention sales within the hotel
industry.
Key Responsibilities of Sales Manager
H To formulate and implement a proactive and the best
suitable room sales strategy
H To make efforts to develop both new and existing
customers
H To maintain key accounts with national and
international companies while working for a large hotel
group
H To promote the brand name of the hotel which should
lead to increased sales
87
 SALARY
The average salary for a Sales Manager, Hotels/Hospitality in
India is Rs. 6-8 lakh per annum in a mid-level hotel and over
Rs. 21 lakh in a 5-star hotel.
BANQUET MANAGER
A Banquet Manager directs banquet events, supervises staff,
ensures safety, and ensures that the event budget is followed.
This job usually requires some years' experience in food and
beverage operations, and managerial experience may be preferred.
This can be a physically demanding role. Hotels take special care
of their banquet halls simply because they are a significant source
of revenue for the hotel. Thus, the responsibility to manage
these banquet halls is extremely high profile, making the job
of a Banquet Manager very high profile. For everything that
happens within the banquet hall, the Banquet Manager would
be responsible. Right from marketing and selling the banquet
space to ensuring that each event runs without a hitch, he would
be the decision making authority. The Banquet Manager has a
dual responsibility since it is not just about food, but the people
attending the event in the banquet hall too. There is always a
chance to win some repeat business from clients that hold
frequent conferences and exhibitions. Due to the popularity of
word of mouth, the Banquet Manager must ensure that every
client leaves the premise completely satisfied.
The primary responsibility of the Banquet Manager would
be to fulfil the legitimate requirements of each client, irrespective
of the size of the event and the number of people attending.
In large hotels, the responsibility of the Banquet Manager is
even more owing to the possibility of hosting more than one
event simultaneously.
Key Responsibilities of Banquet Manager
H To market and sell conference and banquet hall facilities
in order to increase the occupancy rates
H To schedule reservations for the prospective clients
H To ensure profitability of the overall operations
H To plan for the smooth running of the events
H To ensure timely bill payments
H To coordinate with the food and beverage team before
and after the event
88
H To brief the staff working under him and to check the
room set-up before the event
H To ensure the room is ready for the next event well in
time
SALARY
The average salary for a Banquet Manager with about 2-3
years experience is Rs. 30,000 per month in India. Depending
on experience, the salary may cross Rs. 10 lakh mark in a 4-5
star hotel.
RESTAURANT MANAGER
As is clear from the name of the designation, the Restaurant
Managers are responsible for managing the restaurants and to
make them as attractive as possible for the prospective guests.
They may be asked to take up multiple responsibilities including
making restaurant marketing strategies, recruiting, hiring and
training restaurant staff, undertaking inspections to maintain
food quality and developing menus.
Job Responsibilities of Restaurant Manager
Restaurant Manager's job description usually contains the
following duties and responsibilities:
H To manage and oversee the overall operations of the
entire restaurant
H To deliver superior guest services at the restaurants
H To ensure guest satisfaction
H To come up with new guest loyalty programmes
H To update the existing menus
H To represent the restaurants at the local food events in
and around the city
H To respond to customer questions and complaints
H To hire new employees for the restaurant
H To maintain adequate inventory in the restaurant
H To minimise waste at the restaurant
SALARY
The salary of a Restaurant Manager is based on the experience
and the scale and brand of the hotel he/she is working with.
On an average, the salary offered is between Rs. 50,000 to
Rs. 70,000 a month for an experience of 5-8 years.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
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 Kukreja Institute of Hotel Management
& Catering Technology, Dehradun
Committed To Its Purpose
The Kukreja Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering Technology
opened in 2005, and we are now in our
18th year of operation. The hospitality
industry is a broad category of fields
within the service industry that includes
lodging, food and drink service, event
planning, theme parks, transportation,
cruise line, traveling and additional fields
within the tourism industry.
The hospitality industry is an industry
that depends on the availability of leisure
time and disposable income. A hospitality
unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an
amusement park consists of multiple
groups such as facility maintenance and
direct operations (servers, housekeepers,
porters, kitchen workers, bartenders,
management, marketing, and human
resources etc.).
Hospitality is all about the art of
entertaining or receiving guests. We talk
about “offering hospitality”. There are
many different ideas about how to offer
hospitality according to the various
cultures in the world. In the past, many
societies taught that it was always right
to offer hospitality to strangers who came
to their door. According to Indian
tradition, guests are always welcomed
warmly and we believe in “Atithi devo
bhava”, which means guests are like gods
to the hosts.
Education in hospitality is
mushrooming as it has emerged as an
industry which offers a lucrative career.
The hospitality industry is a broad
category of fields within service industry
that includes lodging, event planning,
theme parks, transportation, cruise line,
and additional fields within the tourism
industry.
The career offered in hospitality
industry is called “Hospitality
Management” which is increasing more
considerations worldwide that it had
before. Earlier, hotel managers graduated
school with some degree in business, but
nowadays there are degree programs in
hotel management itself for the students.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
The fundamental reason behind the
growth of this industry is that it fosters
tourism. Tourism is one of the fastest
growing industries in India. There are
many benefits associated with it as tourists
generate lots of economic activities. Since
India is a fast-developing country, it needs
considerable impetus of propitious
economic activities.
The careers in hospitality education
are becoming quite popular. More and
more youngsters are pursuing their
careers in this field successfully.
In the next couple of years, anywhere
between millions of young Indians will
emigrate from rural areas to the cities. If
we can provide them adequate learning
and development opportunities, we could
provide them gainful employment in
Hospitality organizations that need an
enormous amount of manpower.
That is where Kukreja Institute of
Hotel Management & Catering
Technology is playing and will play a
vital role. Dehradun, the capital of
Uttarakhand, being surrounded by the
Garhwal Himalayas, has a cache of young
population who need to be exposed to
the opportunities in cities and a career in
hospitality. Since 2005, the Institute has
been inducting students not only from
the rural areas but also from major cities,
giving them a graduation degree and
ensuring that they get placed in 4 star
and 5 star hotels or other hospitality
organizations.
The Institute is recognised by AICTE
and provides a state-of-the-art
infrastructure.
Since 2011 we have been running
Fashion Design Degree and Diploma
courses too. Our budding designers are
proving their worth in the fashion
industry.
The teaching faculty are well
experienced and carefully selected to
ensure that they bring with them both
an Industry perspective as well as
expertise in academics. We have been
lucky to have recruited some who have
overseas experience in cruise lines, etc.,
who bring with them rich experiences to
share with the students they
teach.
The Institute has a well-
developed and efficient ‘Training
& Placement’ cell which has well
experienced members whose job
is to ensure that the Institute gets
maximum number of ‘campus
selections’ in an academic year,
not only to place students for
their 6 months’ Industrial
Mr. Anil Talukdar
Director
Kukreja Institute of Hotel Management
& Catering Technology, Dehradun
exposure in 5-star hotels, but also to get
them job placements after they graduate.
Even during the pandemic in 2021,
the Institute has achieved 95%
placement. Every year, more than 500
students pass out from our college. In
fact, some even left with the luxury of
choice of 2 or 3 job opportunities. Our
ex-students are blazing a trail of success,
thus making a clear path for those who
follow, i.e. freshly graduating batches of
students. The cities of Dubai and Abu
Dhabi have a large number of our
students while many are in Europe, USA,
far-east including New Zealand and
Japan. Brands like One & Only, St. Regis,
Conrad, Fairmont, Oberoi Hotels, Taj
Hotels are just a few of the hotels
whereour students get placed.
A lot of emphasis is given to the
teaching curriculum. The reaching
methodology includes value added
sessions of Personality Development
Group Discussions and English language
classes on a regular basis. The Institute
realizes that students from rural
backgrounds have little or very poor skills
in the English language.
The Institute lays great emphasis on
discipline, something that is highly
regarded in the Hospitality industry, and
due cognisance is taken of absenteeism,
late-coming and behavioral attributes in
a student.
Kukreja Institute is committed to its
purpose; to ensure that students get a
head start in their career in hospitality.
We hope that you will consider a visit to
this Institute if you visit Dehradun and
allow us to be your host. And if there is
a young man or lady of 18 years, picture
him or her as a future Manager, if you let
Kukreja Institute show them the way.
91
 ORIENTAL GROUP OF
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The Oriental Group of Educational
Institutions is located at Lakkidi and
at Vythiri in Wayanad, the land of
refreshing mists, virgin clouds, swirling
tea estates and scented hills, a
destination worth visiting and living.
The cool, crisp and verdant climate of
Wayanad is very conducive for
effective learning and development.
An hour and a half drive away from
Calicut, it is an ideal setting for
harnessing knowledge and education.
The Group’s first venture, a hospitality
management institution, the Oriental
School of Hotel Management at
Lakkidi, came into existence in the year
1995 under the visionary insight of
the living legend, Mr. N. K.
Mohammed. The Institute boasts of
state-of-the-art classrooms and training
laboratories. Having already
established as the best hotel
management institute in the state, it
envisages quality education to students
from the region as well as across the
country. The Oriental School of Hotel
Management has bagged the Best
Hotel Management Institute in Kerala
Award from the Government of
Kerala eight times and is one of the
most reputed institutions in the region.
The GHRDC has ranked the Institute
as the Best Hospitality Management
Institution in South India. Dr. K.C.
Robbins is the Director of the Oriental
Group of Educational Institutions.
We are also very proud to be
affiliated to the National Council for
Hotel Management and Catering
Technology under the Ministry of
Tourism, Government of India in
producing world-class hoteliers with a
degree in Hospitality and Hotel
Administration. The admission to this
program is restricted through a Joint
Entrance Examination (JEE)
conducted by the National Testing
Agency, which ensures that we get a
kaleidoscopic mix of students from
across the country from as far as
Kashmir, Rajasthan or Kolkata. We
deem it our privilege to host such a
92
multicultural atmosphere for our
students and believe that this enriches
them and contribute to their personality
and learning experience in countless
dimensions. The Oriental College of
Hotel Management & Culinary Arts is
situated at Vythiri and came into
existence in the year 2005. This
Institute is located adjacent to our
5 star Resort, the Vythiri Village Resort
& Spa, where the students get hands-
on training in to the finer nuances of
administration and management.
Fees affordability is another salient
specialty of the OSHM. We keep our
fee structure at a very moderate level
as this comes under a charitable trust
and even the B.Sc. H&HA programme
of the National Council comes with a
fee benefit to the students as the fees
is lesser than even the Government
institutions. The Institution continues
to inspire and promote education in
an uncompromising and superior
environment, creating milestones and
stretching itself towards excellence.
Degree Courses Offered In Hotel
Management:
1. Bachelor of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology (BHMCT) – four-
year professional degree in Hotel
Management. This professional
course is also Approved by
AICTE
2. B.Sc. Hotel Management &
Catering Science
3. B.Sc. Hotel Management &
Culinary Arts
4. Bachelor of Hotel
Administration
5. B.Sc. Hospitality & Hotel
Administration is three-year
degree programme – Affiliated
to the National Council for Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology (NCHMCT)
Post Graduate Programme –
Master of Hotel Management
(MHM): The Master of Hotel
Management (MHM) is an intensive
four-semester Hotel Management
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Dr. K.C. Robbins
Director
Oriental Group Of Educational Institutions
degree program, the only one of its
kind in the state of Kerala.
For Admissions in Hotel
Management, Call – 8589838589 –
8086622254 – 8943968943
Other Professional Degree
Courses Offered:
1. B.Sc. Psychology
2. B.Sc. Costume & Fashion
Designing (B.Sc. C & FD)
3. Bachelor of Computer
Applications (BCA)
4. Bachelor of Business
Administration (BBA)
5. Bachelor of Travel & Tourism
Management (BTTM)
6. B.A. Multi Media
7. B.Com. (Finance)
8. B.Com. (Computer Application)
9. M.A. Multi Media
For Admissions, Call –
8086622253 – 8943948943 –
8943958943 – (Professional Degree
Courses)
A pioneer in the field of Education
– nurturing young minds, developing
them to be professionals of
tomorrow… Always growing… always
in touch with times and forever in its
pursuit for quality and excellence!!!
For more details - Log on to
www.orientalschool.com
 INSTITUTE OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT
CATERING TECHNOLOGY & APPLIED NUTRITION, MUMBAI
The Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition, Mumbai, is an autonomous
body under the Ministry of Tourism,
Government of India. The Institute
started its journey 69 years back in
1954 with the initiative of an
organisation called All India Women’s
Central Food Council which was then
spearheaded by late Mrs. Lilawati
Munshi alongwith other like minded
persons including late Mrs. Homi
Taleyarkhan and late Mrs. Leela Jog.
This was the first of its kind institute
in South-East Asia.
Today IHM, Mumbai is reckoned
to be the number ONE Institute in
Name of the course
M.Sc. in Hospitality Administration
B.Sc. in Hospitality and
Hotel Administration
Diploma Courses
● Food & Beverage Service
● Bakery & Confectionery
● Front office
● Housekeeping
● Food Production
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Hospitality Education
in the country.
Institute has the
honour of being
awarded several
times the Award of
Excellence for the
Best Tourism
Educational Institute
from the MoT,
Government of
India. The aims and
objectives of the
Institute are to
conduct various
courses and training programmes not scientific techniques of management
only to provide suitable manpower to of modern hotels and hostels
Hotel Industry to fill in its various In this way, the Institute plays a
posts but also to equip the trainees significant role in providing job
with adequate practical knowledge of opportunities to the trainees. To fulfill
the trade so as to enable them to start the aforesaid aims and objectives, the
their own business according to their Institute runs Degree and Diploma
capacity. Courses thereby meeting the qualitative
The main objectives are to provide and quantitative requirements of man-
instructions and training in all the power in various sectors of Hotel
crafts and skills, all the branches of Industry, as also to cater to the needs
knowledge both theoretical and of tourism industry and other
applied, and all the organisational and organisations requiring high standard
management techniques, which are or operations and services, thereby
required for the efficient functioning equipping the students with adequate
of hotel and catering establishments expertise to enable them to make an
of all kinds, as well as institutional earning through self-employment, if
feeding programmes in schools, they so desire. Hence the Institute,
industrial establishment and similar besides providing trained personnel to
organisations and also to impart the Hotel Industry, plays a vital role
instruction and training in modern and in eradicating unemployment.
Duration Qualification Age limit Application Process
2 years B.Sc. Degree in Hospitality
and Hotel Administration
from NCHM-IGNOU OR No age limit www.nchm.nic.in
Bachelor’s Degree in Hotel
Management from a recognized
University and the Institute
is approve by AICTE
3 years Class XII of 10+2 system or
equivalent with English as a No age limit
compulsory subject www.nchmjee.nta.nic.in/
www.nchm.nic.in
Last date to apply:
Class XII of 10+2 system or
equivalent with English as a www.ihmctan.edu
1 ½ years compulsory subject Email: info@ihmctan.edu
93
 Institute Of Hotel Management
Catering Technology And Applied Nutrition, Kolkata
The Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition,
Kolkata is an Autonomous Body under
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.
The Institute is under National Council for
Hotel Management and Catering Technology,
Noida in association with Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi for recognising UG
and PG Programs. The Institute is pledged
to train promising men and women in hotel
management, general food management and
catering technology, and in specific fields
such as Food Production and Patisserie, Food
& beverage service, Reception, Accountancy,
House-keeping management and allied topics,
depending on the branch of the industry
which the trainee desires to take up. Practical
presentation and emphasis on nutritional
values is a significant aspects of the technical
training given to the students. The institute
has all modern facilities with infrastructure
with latest trends.
Our Mission is to provide training in all
crafts and skills, all the branches of
Name of the course Duration
M.Sc.inHospitalityAdministration 2 years
B.Sc. in Hospitality and Hotel 3 years
administration
Diploma in Courses : 1½ Years
• Food & Beverage Service
• Bakery & Confectionery
• Front office
• Housekeeping
• Food Production
Craftsmanship Course in Food 1½ Years
Production & Patisserie
Awards :
1. Rated A+ Institute by Survey conducted
by NCHMCT, Noida.2021
2. Rated A+ Institute by Survey conducted
by NCHMCT, Noida.2022
3. National award for best Hotel Management
institute for Placement ( Awarded by
Ministry of Tourism, GOI)
4. GHRDC awards for best Hotel
Management
94
knowledge both theoretical and applied, and
all the organizational and management
techniques which are required for efficient
functioning of hospitality establishments of
all kinds as well as institutional feeding
programs in schools, industrial
establishments and similar organization.
The institute has adopted various unique
initiatives to nurture and develop students
and faculty. Resource person from specific
region of the country are invited to own food and sell to the visitors to earn
demonstrate the regional cuisine along with money which gives them an experience on
the ingredients from that region itself. All entrepreneur skills.
the events in the college are being catered Talking about the area of research the
and organised by the students. For teaching students have been working on various food
wines students are taken to vineyards of histories to contribute to the rich heritage
Nasik so that they get to experience the real of rare regional Indian cuisine. Faculty is
viticulture and vinifications with the tasting actively involved in publication of research
sessions. Theme lunches are organised by papers in various journals and attends
students by dividing themselves into various various workshop and seminars related to
department responsible for the organising tourism and hospitality.
lunch which would help them to be an event Ashok Kumar Prasad
planner in future. During fest students are Principal In-charge
allocated stalls so that they can prepare their IHM Kolkata, Taratala
Qualification Age limit Application Process
B.Sc. Degree in Hospitality and Hotel No age limit www.nchm.nic.in
Administration from NCHM – IGNOU
OR Bachelor's Degree in Hotel Management
from a recognized University and the
Institute is approved by AICTE.
Class XII of 10 + 2 system or equivalent No age limit www.nchmjee.nta.nic.in
with English as a compulsory subject www.nchm.nic.in
Last date to apply :
April 27, 2023
Class XII of 10 + 2 system or equivalent 25 years www.ihmkol.org
with English as a compulsory subject Email :
admission@ihmkol.org
Class X of 10 + 2 system or equivalent 25 years www.ihmkol.org
with English as a compulsory subject Email :
admission@ihmkol.org
5. Reviewed as Best Institute of Hotel 9. Highly Qualified teachers with vast
Management by Competition Success industry experienced to impart hands on
Review. skill to students.
USP of the instiute
1. Complete especially abled friendly Institute Companies for campus Placements :
with ramp & lift. • Oberoi Hotels and resorts
2. Sports Facilities like football ground, • Taj Hotels
basketball court, badminton court and • ITC Hotels
various other indoor sports facility. • The Leela Palaces, Hotels and Resorts
3. Unisex Gym with modern facilities for staff
and students. • Club Mahindra Holidays
4. Smart Classrooms for theory classes. • The Park Hotels
5. Smart Laundry at Institute hostel for • ADITYA BIRLA
convenience to the students. • JW Marriott Hotel
6. Organic farming done by organic club • Westin Hotels
students. • RELIANCE VALUE FORMAT
7. Students are entitled for various state &
central govt. Scholarships. • DOMINOS
8. A strong alumina based with most of the • Novotel
general manager in East-India hotels are • Zomato, etc
alumnus of IHM Kolkata. Website : www.ihmkol.org
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Ranchi
The Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition, Ranchi synonymously known
as IHM Ranchi (IHM Ranchi also
known as SIHM) was established in 2019
as an autonomous Institution of
Government of Jharkhand. IHM Ranchi
with its motto of “Creating Hospitality
Leaders” and philosophy of imparting
the education with a vision of
“Modernity with Tradition”. The
Institute has been ranked 1st in
Government HM Institutes Promising
Category in the year 2022 and “Most
Admired HM Institute” in the year 2021.
We provide the best of placement
opportunities with 100% placement
record, wherein the highest package was
7.75 Lakhs per Annum.
The institute has been set up with joint
assistance from the Ministry of Tourism,
Government of India and Department
of Tourism, Government of Jharkhand,
with an envision to provide quality
education and develop skilled manpower
for the Hospitality Industry.
The Institute has been established to
provide opportunities to all talented and
Enthusiastic students of Jharkhand and
other parts of the country to develop
their Hospitality skill sets and create the
future Hospitality Leaders. IHM Ranchi
is the First and only Hotel Management
Institute in Jharkhand affiliated to
National Council for Hotel Management
and Catering Technology (NCHMCT),
Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India and
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU). The
Institute is currently offering different
demand-driven courses in core
hospitality operations which are 3 years
B.Sc. in Hospitality and Hotel
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Administration, 1½ years Diploma in
Front Office, 1½ years Diploma in
Housekeeping, 1½ years Craftsmanship
Course in Food Production and
Patisserie and 6 months Craftsmanship
course in Food & Beverage Service.
Also, the Institute runs Hunar se Rozgar
Tak, a Skill development program
sponsored by the Ministry of Tourism,
Government of India. The Institute
operates from a beautiful building in an
Environment friendly location on the
outskirts of Ranchi town in Brambeon
NH 39.
Keeping in view the advancements in
the ever-evolving Hospitality Industry,
the Institute has been equipped with
modern labs to effectively train the
students in all the aspects of Hotel
Operations and Management. We take
pride in offering Student Centric
Outcome Based Education that is
relevant to todays & future Hospitality
Industry, and Society. We are delighted
that the new batch will join our
Institution this year. On behalf of the
representatives of Jharkhand
Administration, administrative support
staff and faculty members, we would
like to extend a warm welcome to all
our young and dynamic candidates who
are passionate and thrive to be the future
leaders in the Industry and Society. We
ensure that a student develops sound
academic and research mindset at the
Institution. We are concerned with
inculcating critical thinking skills and
abilities in all the students.
IHM, Ranchi thrives to be one of the
Top 10 Hotel Management Institutions
in India in next 5-6 years. It will be
highly inspiring for the team and
students in future
to belong to the
Institute which
makes rapid
progress and
proves it mettle
by being one of
the prominent
Hotel Management
Institutions in the
Country. Our
faculty members
imparts quality
education and
helps the students
to understand
fundamental
Dr. Bhupesh Kumar
Principal
IHM Ranchi
concepts in a wide host of subjects, with
advanced laboratories.
The pedagogy at the institute is State-
of-the-art and Modern which makes it
an ideal Institution in India, where a
variety of learning, behavioural tools are
used in quality pursuance of knowledge,
development of skills, attitudes, and
values complemented by academia-
industry interface. Role plays, case
studies, project work, practical, industrial
exposure training with leading hotels in
India, research project assignments,
industry visits, are some of the teaching
methodologies practiced at IHM Ranchi
to meet the recent demands & needs of
the industry.
The Institute strives for holistic
development of its students through
focused academic and extracurricular
activities the all year round. Teaching,
Skill development, Job Creation and
Research & Development are the
primary activities at the Institute through
which we fulfil our Mission and
Objective.
The course curriculum is designed
conforming to the NCHMCT norms
and current industry demand. IHM
Ranchi graduates will be proficient and
future ready to face any of the challenges
of the Industry and Society head-on. The
Institute will emerge as the foremost
centre of excellence in Hospitality
education and research in the country.
I feel privileged to invite you to experience
the way we are going to Create the Hospitality
Leaders!!!
95
 University of Engineering and
Management, Kolkata
Creating Finest Professional For Hotel & Hospitality Industry
With the hospitality sector growing in
size and stature every year, training for
this industry has become paramount.
Keeping this in mind, the Department
of Hotel & Hospitality Management
(BHM), University of Engineering and
Management, Kolkata (UEM Kolkata),
dedicated themselves in nurturing and
creating the finest professionals for the
industry. The department, offering a 3-
years bachelor degree course in Hotel
& Hospitality Management Programme
gives varied opportunities to explore the
avenues of different service industries
like Hospitality, Tour & Travel, Aviation,
etc.
The world class labs, ICT enabled
classrooms, best trainers from the
industry and scientifically developed
curriculum have enabled the future
professionals to develop proficiency in
communication, soft skills, foreign
language, which promotes inter-personal
skills, business etiquette and enhances
professional qualities to be globally
competent. An aspirant with a good
personality is always preferred in the
industry. To remain on the same page,
the students are provided with special
Pre-Placement Training Classes to
improve their employability quotient.
The students of UEM Kolkata are
working in renowned hotels and retail
chains of the country and abroad.
Students are also getting opportunities
in Airlines, Cruise lines, Banking sector,
Corporates and many more. At times,
when most of the aspirants are searching
for jobs and institutions are struggling
to provide campus placement
opportunities to students, UEM Kolkata
is soaring higher than ever. The
University already signed a 1st Year:
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
with Lemon Tree Group of Hotels,
Accor Group of Hotels and many
corporates are in the pipeline. From its
day of inception, the department has
been successful in keeping a record of
100% placement and providing multiple
job offers to the majority of the eligible
students with a bucket size of 50 plus
recruiters.
At UEM Kolkata, BHM students are
seen grabbing an offer of INR 10 Lakhs
Per Annum, according to the placement
record of pass-out batches.
96
Apart from that, UEM Kolkata has
been providing free coaching classes for
competitive examinations which help the
students to successfully crack jobs in
different government offices. Apart
from their regular course classes, the
Department also organises different
events and competitions which are
planned and executed by the students
of different batches. With high tech
facilities, experienced teachers, dedicated
curriculum and excellent industry bond,
Hotel & Hospitality Management
Programme is the most job oriented
course for the students seeking
themselves at the top of the industry.
To ensure that students gain a thorough
understanding of the realities of the
industry as well as its various
departments, industry visits are regularly
conducted. Students are also expected
to prepare observation reports and
submit their understandings after every
visit. This prepares them to approach
existing industry-problems with a fresh,
inventive approach that offers them an
edge over their peers. We have also
taken a continuous process to bridge the
gap between Industry and Academia by
inviting the industry experts for
interactive sessions with our students &
Guest Lecture Series. The students are
also given an opportunity to visit Kazi
Nazrul Islam Airport, Andal (KNI) to
witness the live airport operations.
For a better understanding about the
real world scenario prevalent in the
industry, the students of Hotel &
Hospitality Management are taken
through the proposed roadmap given
here:
• Casual Training in regular intervals.
• 30 days Vocational Training.
• Regular Industry Visits.
2nd Year:
• 6 months Industrial Training.
3rd Year:
• Final Placement.
Highlights of the Department:
• Exposure to Aviation, Hospitality and
Tourism Industry under Bachelor
degree in Hospitality and Aviation
Management Programme.
• Regular Airport Operations and Cabin
crew training.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Professor Dr. Satyajit Chakrabarti
Chancellor
University Of Engineering And
Management, Kolkata
• Regular Guest Lecture sessions by
eminent industry experts from
Airlines, Aviation, Hospitality and
Tourism industries.
• Educational Excursion to different
tourist zones of India.
• Professional Hospitality Training in
5 Star Hotel Brand across the world.
• Earning Opportunities while Learning
(CT, VT & Entrepreneurship
Activities).
• Foreign Internship and Placement
opportunities for global exposure.
• World class labs and simulators for
regular practical sessions including
PMS and GDS software.
• MoU signed with multiple 5 Star
Hotels like Novotel, Lemon Tree, etc.
Career Opportunities after
completing a 3-Year Bachelor degree
course in Hotel & Hospitality
Management:
• Hotel Industry
• Airlines/ Aviation
• Travel agencies/ Tour Operators
• Industrial & Institutional Catering
• Cruise Liners
• Event management
• Luxury Management
• Government Sectors
• Restaurants/ Bars and private clubs
• Theme Parks & Theatres
• Corporate and Retails
• Manufacturers and Suppliers of
Hospitality Equipment’s
 SRM Institute of Hotel Management
Established in the year 1993, SRM the Global Human Resource Ø NEWS 18 Channel has awarded SRM
Institute of Hotel Management or SRM IHM development centre Pvt. Ltd. IHM as the best Hotel Management
has entered into the 30th year of service in (GHRDC), New Delhi and also as Ready College, Tamil Nadu in KATRAL 2022
spreading holistic hospitality education Reckoner of Hotel Management Virudhugal.
reaping a bountiful harvest of successful Institutes. Ø National Culinary Education
alumni all across the globe. Ø For 10 consecutive times SRM IHM has Leadership Award – 2022 is presented
Ø SRM IHM, Kattankulathur is the only been ranked first by the Competition to SRM Institute of Hotel Management
private college in Tamil Nadu to be Success Review (CSR) in the 22nd Global Leadership Summit.
affiliated to the National Council Of Ø The best hotel management institute from Ø THE OUTSTANDING ACHIEVER’s
Hotel Management and Catering the year 2015 to 2022 by The Associated Award 2022 has been conferred by
Technology, Ministry of Tourism. Chambers of Commerce and Industry GHRDC to SRM IHM for its excellence
Ø It is accredited by the Higher Learning of India (ASSOCHAM) for seventh in the spread of education.
Accreditation Commission of Texas time in a row.
which is one of the finest bodies in the Ø The WEEK Magazine has ranked SRM INTERNATIONAL
field of hospitality education across the IHM among the top 10 Hotel ACHIEVEMENT:
globe. management colleges. 4th among the Ms. Anushree, the Student of SRM IHM
Ø The World Association of Chefs private hotel management colleges in the has won the bronze medal in WORLD
Societies (WACS) has also recognized south zone and 26th among other Hotel SKILLS COMPETITION held at Montreal,
SRM IHM as the No. 1 Hotel management colleges of our country. Switzerland on 13th October 2022.
Management Institute in India for Ø SRM IHM has been ranked as ranked 355 students of SRM Institute of Hotel
providing a high standard of quality 5th among the Hotel Management Management had been to Doha, Qatar for the
FIFA WORLD CUP 2022 and has earned a
culinary education and also for colleges of India by The OUTLOOK
stipend of more than Rs. 40,000 per month.
contributing to the continued growth of INDIA. Students have been directly selected for
the global hospitality and food service Ø The Ministry of Rural Development and CRUISELINES after their completion of
industries. Accredited by International Employment has awarded SRM IHM as B.Sc graduation which is first of the kind in
Accreditation Organisation (IAO) THE HOTEL MANAGEMENT the entire country.
Ø Accredited by International AND CATERING INSTITUTION
Accreditation Organisation (IAO) OF THE YEAR 2022 in the category NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT:
Ø SRM IHM has consecutively ranked first of excellence at the Rural and Urban Two books have been released in the year
in the state of Tamil Nadu (Private) by Development Summit Awards 2022. 2022
1. Rebuilding the prospective tourism
Courses Offered: and hospitality industry released for the
S.No Course Affiliation Selection Eligibility Duration International Tourism Day Conference on
the 13th September 2022.
Process 2. Millets for the Millennial a book on
1. B.Sc National Council NCHMCT 10+2 3 Years millets and its recipes released on The
(Hospitality & of Hotel JEE International Chef’s Day Conference by
Hotel Management and Dr. Ravi Pachamuthu, Pro chancellor of
Administration) Catering Technology SRM IST Administration, Chef Thomas
A. Gugler, President of World Chefs, Dr.
2. B.Sc (Hotel SRM Institute INTERVIEW 10+2 3 Years Chef Manjith Singh Gill, president of
Management & of Science IFCA, Dr. Chef Damodharan, President
Catering and Technology of SIC A, Dr. D. Antony Ashok Kumar,
Technology) The Director of SRM IHM, Dr. S.
Ponnusamy, The Registrar of SRM IST
3. B.Sc (Hotel & Madras University INTERVIEW 10+2 3 Years on 14th October 2022.
Catering
Management) MOU’S SIGNED:
Besides many MOUs on 14th July 2022,
4. Diploma in SRM Institute INTERVIEW 10th Pass 3 Years a MOU has been signed with LINCOLN
(Hotel Management of Science UNIVERSITY, Malaysia.
& Catering and Technology WISDOM CAREER EDUCATION has
Technology) also signed an MOU with SRM IHM on
5. P.G.Diploma SRM Institute of INTERVIEW UG In 1.5 years 4th February 2023 but before the signing of
In Culinary Arts Science and any stream MOU three students have got the
Technology opportunity to study in USA.

6. Craft course in (Employment and INTERVIEW 8th Pass 1 Year

GOLD MEDAL:
Food Production, Training Centre, Mr. AJAY KUMAR, has received the gold
Bakery and Govt. of Tamil Nadu) medal for being the UNIVERSITY FIRST
affiliated to the University Of Madras in the
Confectionery,
convocation conferred by Dr. Tamilisai
F&B service,
Soundararajan, the honourable governor of
Front Office and Telangana and Lieutenant Governor of
House Keeping Pudhucherry.

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 97

 Kukreja Institute of Hotel Management
& Catering Technology, Dehradun
Committed To Its Purpose
The Kukreja Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering Technology
opened in 2005, and we are now in our
18th year of operation. The hospitality
industry is a broad category of fields
within the service industry that includes
lodging, food and drink service, event
planning, theme parks, transportation,
cruise line, traveling and additional fields
within the tourism industry.
The hospitality industry is an industry
that depends on the availability of leisure
time and disposable income. A hospitality
unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an
amusement park consists of multiple
groups such as facility maintenance and
direct operations (servers, housekeepers,
porters, kitchen workers, bartenders,
management, marketing, and human
resources etc.).
Hospitality is all about the art of
entertaining or receiving guests. We talk
about “offering hospitality”. There are
many different ideas about how to offer
hospitality according to the various
cultures in the world. In the past, many
societies taught that it was always right
to offer hospitality to strangers who came
to their door. According to Indian
tradition, guests are always welcomed
warmly and we believe in “Atithi devo
bhava”, which means guests are like gods
to the hosts.
Education in hospitality is
mushrooming as it has emerged as an
industry which offers a lucrative career.
The hospitality industry is a broad
category of fields within service industry
that includes lodging, event planning,
theme parks, transportation, cruise line,
and additional fields within the tourism
industry.
The career offered in hospitality
industry is called “Hospitality
Management” which is increasing more
considerations worldwide that it had
before. Earlier, hotel managers graduated
school with some degree in business, but
nowadays there are degree programs in
hotel management itself for the students.
98
The fundamental reason behind the
growth of this industry is that it fosters
tourism. Tourism is one of the fastest
growing industries in India. There are
many benefits associated with it as tourists
generate lots of economic activities. Since
India is a fast-developing country, it needs
considerable impetus of propitious
economic activities.
The careers in hospitality education
are becoming quite popular. More and
more youngsters are pursuing their
careers in this field successfully.
In the next couple of years, anywhere
between millions of young Indians will
emigrate from rural areas to the cities. If
we can provide them adequate learning
and development opportunities, we could
provide them gainful employment in
Hospitality organizations that need an
enormous amount of manpower.
That is where Kukreja Institute of
Hotel Management & Catering
Technology is playing and will play a
vital role. Dehradun, the capital of
Uttarakhand, being surrounded by the
Garhwal Himalayas, has a cache of young
population who need to be exposed to
the opportunities in cities and a career in
hospitality. Since 2005, the Institute has
been inducting students not only from
the rural areas but also from major cities,
giving them a graduation degree and
ensuring that they get placed in 4 star
and 5 star hotels or other hospitality
organizations.
The Institute is recognised by AICTE
and provides a state-of-the-art
infrastructure.
Since 2011 we have been running
Fashion Design Degree and Diploma
courses too. Our budding designers are
proving their worth in the fashion
industry.
The teaching faculty are well
experienced and carefully selected to
ensure that they bring with them both
an Industry perspective as well as
expertise in academics. We have been
lucky to have recruited some who have
overseas experience in cruise lines, etc.,
who bring with them rich experiences to
share with the students they
teach.
The Institute has a well-
developed and efficient ‘Training
& Placement’ cell which has well
experienced members whose job
is to ensure that the Institute gets
maximum number of ‘campus
selections’ in an academic year,
not only to place students for
their 6 months’ Industrial
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Mr. Anil Talukdar
Director
Kukreja Institute of Hotel Management
& Catering Technology, Dehradun
exposure in 5-star hotels, but also to get
them job placements after they graduate.
Even during the pandemic in 2021,
the Institute has achieved 95%
placement. Every year, more than 500
students pass out from our college. In
fact, some even left with the luxury of
choice of 2 or 3 job opportunities. Our
ex-students are blazing a trail of success,
thus making a clear path for those who
follow, i.e. freshly graduating batches of
students. The cities of Dubai and Abu
Dhabi have a large number of our
students while many are in Europe, USA,
far-east including New Zealand and
Japan. Brands like One & Only, St. Regis,
Conrad, Fairmont, Oberoi Hotels, Taj
Hotels are just a few of the hotels
whereour students get placed.
A lot of emphasis is given to the
teaching curriculum. The reaching
methodology includes value added
sessions of Personality Development
Group Discussions and English language
classes on a regular basis. The Institute
realizes that students from rural
backgrounds have little or very poor skills
in the English language.
The Institute lays great emphasis on
discipline, something that is highly
regarded in the Hospitality industry, and
due cognisance is taken of absenteeism,
late-coming and behavioral attributes in
a student.
Kukreja Institute is committed to its
purpose; to ensure that students get a
head start in their career in hospitality.
We hope that you will consider a visit to
this Institute if you visit Dehradun and
allow us to be your host. And if there is
a young man or lady of 18 years, picture
him or her as a future Manager, if you let
Kukreja Institute show them the way.
APRIL
2023

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 Top-notch Hotels Of India
Hotel industry in India is constantly looking up and
expanding with ever-increasing number of visitors flocking the
present as well as emerging tourist and business hotspots.
Besides an ever increasing number of foreign visitors, the
domestic tourists and travellers too are driving Indian tourism
and hospitality industry to newer and newer heights.
In the past couple of years, it has been observed that working
millennials are looking to escape city life in search of tranquillity
or a break from the monotonous way of life. But owing to
the increasing time-crunch experienced by urban
consumers, spontaneous 'staycations' or 'workations' in the
city itself are becoming popular among millennials looking
for a quick-fix. The new breed of travellers, led by millennials
and Gen Z, are redefining the way one travels. Off-beat
locations are 'bae' for the Gen Z, and the travelling in
groups with community living and shared economy are some
of the guiding principles of these travellers. Over the
years, India has also emerged as a hotspot of medical tourism
as it has proved its mettle in delivering cheap and best medical
treatment. As such, irrespective of the temporary setback
during Covid-19 pandemic, the tourism and travel industry in
India is witnessing rapid growth, fuelled by technological
innovations and adoption of world-class industry standards.
Across the spectrum, we see the travel and tourism ecosystem
offering quality products and services, backed by technology at
good value for money—right from low-cost airlines, budget
hotels at the click of a button, a wide array of unique local
businesses and easy access to pocket-friendly first-and-last-mile
transport services.
Indian hotel industry, which has now come of age and is
globally benchmarked, is commendably catering to the needs of
the tourists of all categories and budgets. Increasing instances
of business travel besides 'solo-travel' becoming the latest fad,
have added yet another dimension to Indian hotel industry,
leading to several hotel chains making inroads into even smaller
cities of the country. And when it comes to luxury, many an
Indian hotel chain is today regarded as best-in-class the world
over. Many foreign tourists from prosperous regions of USA,
Taj Palace, New Delhi
102
Canada, Europe and Australia are well-heeled and they demand
the very best in luxury-stays like the Oberoi Amarvilas in Agra
or the Leela in Goa. Many hotel chains are leading in the realm
of luxury-stay and hospitality in India, which prominently
include 'Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces', 'ITC Hotels,' 'Oberoi
Hotels and Resorts,' 'Hyatt Hotels,' 'Hilton Hotels,' 'JW Mariott,'
'Radisson Hotels,' 'Le Meridian,' 'Sheraton Hotels and Resorts,'
'The Ashok,' and 'Park Hotels,' to name a few.
The Tourism and Hospitality sector is an important
component of Indian economy and plays the role of significant
economic and job multiplier. This sector is employment-rich
since it needs well-trained professionals all the time to give
guests a 'home away from home' experience. Consequently, this
sector is proving to be a magnet for a huge number of
youngsters with a passion for hospitality and a customer-centric
mindset.
The hospitality industry in India is divided by Type (Chain
Hotels and Independent Hotels), and by Segment (Service
Apartments, Budget and Economy Hotels, Mid and Upper Mid
Scale Hotels, and Luxury Hotels). The demand for trained
professionals is on the rise in each of the segments of the Indian
hotel industry. Here we provide you a bird's-eye view of the top
10 largest hotel chains in India.
1. Indian Hotels Company (Taj Hotels)
Tata Group owns Indian Hotels Company Ltd. (IHCL) which
is India's largest hotel chain, collectively known as Taj Hotels
Resorts and Palaces. It is also one of Asia's largest and most
notable hospitality companies. This project was initiated by the
Tata Group with the aim of building top-class hotels in India.
According to the group's website as on February 2, 2023, the
group has a presence in 12 countries including UAE, UK,
USA. It has over 200 hotels and 25,000 rooms across India and
15 in other countries, including Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal,
South Africa, Sri Lanka, UAE, UK and USA. Some of the
Group's major hotels in India are Rambagh Palace, Jaipur;
Taj Lake Palace, Udaipur; Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhpur;
Falaknuma Palace, Hyderabad; Taj Coromandel in Chennai; Taj
(Continued on page 120)
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Directory Of Hotel Management
Institutes Of India
ANDHRA PRADESH/
TELANGANA
Blooms College of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology
Principal: Mr. Mehmood Mirza
Plot No. 12 & 13,
Om Nagar (near Om Nagar Park),
Opp. to Pillar No. 84,
Besides Mahindra Car Service Station,
PVN Rao Express Highway,
Hyderabad,
TELANGANA-500008
Tel: 040-23511948, 9849610919,
7337228820, 9949900581
Email: bloomshmct@yahoo.co.in
Website:
www.bloomscollegeofhotelmanagement.org
Dr. Ysr National Institute of
Tourism & Hospitality
Management
Director: Dr. S. Chinnam Reddy
Telecom Nagar, Gachibowli,
Hyderabad-500032, TELANGANA
Tel: 040-23000472, 73, 9553700035
Email: director@nithm.ac.in,
admissions@nithm.ac.in
Website: www.nithm.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Mr. Sanjay Thakur
F’ Row, Durgabai Deshmukh Colony,
Vidyanagar, Hyderabad-500007,
TELANGANA
Tel: 040-27427569, 08374787988
Fax: 040-27427898
Email: ihmhyd.principal@gmail.com,
principal.ihmhyd@gov.in
Website: www.ihmhyd.org
International Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. J Earnest Immanuel,
Cyber Edifice,
Plot Nos. C1, C2, C3, 1 & 2,
SY No. 6/1, Gachibowli Village,
(Land Mark:
Adjacent To Quiet Lands,
Near Gachibowli Flyover),
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Hyderabad-500032, TELANGANA
Tel: 040-42219305, 06, 8341615104,
8919057055, 9347675641
Email: admin.hyderabad@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
Pioneer Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Chef S. Nitin Prakash
Principal: Mr. T. Chandra Mohan
1-9-8/1/1, 3rd floor, Girisikhara Plaza
VST-Ramnagar, Hyderabad-500020
ANDHRA PRADESH
Tel: 040-65916227, 27627797,
9849163544, 9505590308
Email: pihm@rediffmail.com,
chef.nitin@gmail.com
Website: www.pihmhyd.co.in
Ramee Academy of Catering
Tourism & Hotel Management
Chairman: Mr. V. Raj Shetty
14-37, Karakambadi Road,
Akkarampalli Post,
Tirupati-517507
ANDHRA PRADESH
Tel: 7660000732, 9010233655
Email: principal@rameeacademy.org,
admin@rameeacademy.org
Website: www.rameeacademy.org
Regency College of Hotel
Management
Principal: Mr. Peri Ramesh Kumar Reddy
Regency Palace, 6-3-600/A/6, Hill Top
Colony, Erramanzil, Khairthabad
Hyderabad-500004, TELANGANA
Tel: 040-23317905, 66623340,
9000143340
Email: principal@rchmct.org,
info@rchmct.org
Website: www.rchmct.org
Institute of Hotel Management -
Shri Shakti
Executive Director: Ms. Satya Pinjala
Venus Plaza, Adjacent to Hotel The
Manohar, Begumpet,
Hyderabad-500016, TELANGANA
Tel: 040-66906504, 03
Email: ihmshrishakti@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmshrishakti.com
Sarada College of Hotel
Management
President: Ms. Sarada Challa
Director: Mr. K. S. Narayan
Roshan’s Plaza, Near Moula-ali
Khammaan, Moula-ali,
Hyderabad-500040, TELANGANA
Tel: 9000779186, 9949852911
Email: info@schmhyd.edu.in
Website: www.schmhyd.edu.in
Shri Shakti College of Hotel
Management
Executive Director: Ms. Satya Pinjala
Ground Floor, Hotel The Manohar,
Old Airport Exit Road, Begumpet,
Hyderabad-500016, TELANGANA
Tel: 040-66228600, 27908585,
9550704040
Email: sschm.info@gmail.com,
Website: www.sschm.com
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Rajiv Gandhi Government
Polytechnic
Principal: Mr. Taba That
Vivek Vihar, P.O. Box No. 134,
Papum Pare, Itanagar-791113
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Tel: 0360-255221
Email : admin@rggp.ac.in
Website : www.rggp.ac.in
ASSAM
Institute of Advanced Management
Hotel Management College
Chairman: Dr. Suborno Bose
(CEC Complex) Patharquarry,
6 Mile Narengi Expressway,
Guwahati-781026, ASSAM
Tel: 0361-2644944,
Mob: 09854025594, 09854025595,
09854025598
Email: centreheadguwahati@iam.ac.in
Website: www.iamhotelschool.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Dr. Amitabh Dey
VIP Road, Upper Hengrabari, Chachal,
Barbari, Opposite Doordarshan
Quarters, Guwahati-781036, ASSAM
Tel: 0361-2337245, 9435012276,
8811011770, Fax: 2337226
Email: principal@ihmctanghy.org.in,
ihmctanghy@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmctanghy.org.in
103
 BIHAR
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology and Applied
Nutrition
Upadhyay Complex, Kankarbagh
Road, Patna-800020, BIHAR
Tel: 0612-2362778, 2362773, 2236278
Email: ihmpatna1@sancharnet.in
Website: www.ihmpatna.tripod.com
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology and Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Mr. Dhiman Banerjee
Opposite Magadh University Campus,
Gaya Dobhi Road, Bodhgaya-824234,
BIHAR
Tel: 0631-2952143
Mob.: 9608271879, 8987276070
Email : ihmbodhgaya@gmail.com,
princi-ihmbodhgaya@gov.in
Website : www.ihmbodhgaya.com
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mr. Pulak Mandal
Near Ramashish Chowk,
Hazipur-844102, Vaishali, BIHAR
Tel: 06224-275354, 274937
Email: hajipurihm@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmhajipur.net
CHANDIGARH
(Union Territory)
Chandigarh Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology (CIHM/CT)
Chairman: Shri Arun Kumar Gupta
Principal: Mr. T. K. Razdan
Sector 42-D,
CHANDIGARH-160036
Tel: 0172-2676024, 9779998086
Email: cihm42@gmail.com
chairman42@gmail.com
Website: www.cihmct.com
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Hotel
Management Catering & Nutrition
Principal: Mr. Sitesh Srivastav
Sector-42 D,
CHANDIGARH-160036
Tel: 0172-2604833, 2676015
Email: aihm_chd@yahoo.com
Website: www.ihmchandigarh.org
Hotel & Catering Management
Institute
Principal: Dr. Tejdeep S Ahuluwalia
SCO 98-100, Near Multi level
Basement Parking, Sector 17 D,
104
CHANDIGARH-160017
Tel: 8055330550, 9876163055
Email: hcmi.adms@gmail.com
Website: www.hcmigroup.com
Institute of Tourism & Future
Management Trends
Principal: Dr. Sandeep Guleria
HOD: Ms. Chitra Kapoor
College Campus : Eco city Ph-II,
Sector-11, (8 Km From PGI)
NEW CHANDIGARH
Corporate office:
SCO No. 1, 3rd floor, opp. RBI,
Sector No. 17 D,
Level No. 3, Sector No. 17 D,
CHANDIGARH-160017
Tel: 0172-2727271, 2727272,
7341173442
Mob: +91-8968652424 +91-
7341122044, +91-7341173442
Toll Free: 18001802424
Email: itft@itft.edu.in,
admission@itft.edu.in,
principal@itft.edu.in
Website: www.itft.edu.in/
Sri Sukhmani Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Prof. Avtar Singh
Chd –Ambala National Highway,
Nh-152, Saraswati Vihar,
Dera Bassi, Distt Sas Nagar140507,
PUNJAB
Tel: 01762-524805, 506445,
09814788469, 09780077222
Fax: 5062436
Email: registrar@srisukhmanigroup.edu.in,
principal280ssihm@gmail.com
Website: www:srisukhmanigroup.edu.in
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Ashish Bali
SCO-104-106, 3rd Floor,
Sector 34(A),
Opp. Picadily Square mall
CHANDIGARH-160034
Tel: 8557050300
Email: ashish.bali@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
(Union Territory)
Institute of Hotel Management &
Catering Technology
Principal In-charge: Dr. Bhagwanjee Jha
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Polytechnic
Campus, Srv. No. 137/P,
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Karad, Madhuban Dam Road,
Silvassa-396230,
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
Tel: 0260-2634250, 51, 52, 53,
8866450384
Email: ihmsilvassa@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmsilvassa.nic.in
DELHI
Abhi Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Ms. Chandana Khan
E-1065, Near Palam Extension,
Dwarka Sector-7,
Opposite to Msk Business-110077,
NEW DELHI
Mob: 9971494317, 9818864317
Email: admin@abhiinstitute.com
Website: www.abhiinstitute.com
Banarasidas Chandiwala Institute
of Hotel Management and
Catering Technology
Chairman: Shri Aditya Krishna
Chandiwala Estate,
Maa Anandmai Marg,
Near Govindpuri Metro Station,
Kalkaji,
NEW DELHI-110019
Tel: 011-49020320, 011 4902 0301
Email: director@bcihmct.ac.in
Website: www.bcihmct.ac.in
Delhi Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Smt. Seema Bhatia
Behind Lady Shri Ram College For
Women, Lajpat Nagar-IV -110024
NEW DELHI
Tel: 011-26214812, 26289862
Fax: 26422174
Email: dihm.net@gmail.com,
principaldihm@yahoo.com
Website : www.dihm.net
Dr. Mps Memorial College of
Hotel Management
Co-Chairperson: Ms. Neelam Singh
Dean: Abrahim Khan
E-9, Ramdutt Enclave,
Uttam Nagar -110059,
NEW DELHI
Tel: 011-49335500, 49335599
09971788422, 9899587429
Email: admissions@mpschm.com,
Dean_ibrahimkhan@yahoo.in
Website: www.mpschm.com
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha
University
Vice Chancellor: Prof. (Dr.) Mahesh
Verma
Registrar: Ms. Sunita Shiva
Sector-16C, Dwarka,
NEW DELHI-110078
Tel: 011-25302167, 25302170,
25300104,
25302168, 25302169, 25302160,
25302152, 28035243, 25302104
Fax: 25302111, 113, 114, 158
Email: acad.admissions@ipu.ac.in,
registrar@ipu.ac.in,
ggsipu.pr@rediffmail.com,
pro@ipu.ac.in
Website: www.ipu.ac.in
Herbarium Institute Of
International Hotel Studies
Principal: Mr. A.K. Bagga
C-66, Vikaspuri,
NEW DELHI-110018
Tel: 0844-897-5900, 011-45532366
Email: frontoffice@hiihs.com,
herbariumcollege@gmail.com
Website: www.hiihs.com
Hope Institute of Hospitality
Management
Director: Mrs. Rajni Negi
15A, 2nd Floor, Main Vikas Marg,
Metro Pillar No. 54-55, Laxmi Nagar,
(Nirman Vihar Metro Station)
DELHI-110092
Tel: 9899737004, 9760748009
Email: soniya@hihm.co.in
Website: www.hihmhospitaltiy.com
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering & Nutrition, Pusa
Principal: Mr. Kamal Kant Pant
Library Avenue, Pusa Complex,
NEW DELHI-110012
Tel: 011-25841411, 25840147
Fax: 011-25843177
Email: principal.ihmpusa@nic.in,
ihmpusa@rediffmail.com
Website: www.ihmpusa.net
Indian Hotel Academy
Founders: Mrs. Devipshita Gautam &
Mr. G.P. Gautam
112 A, Meenakshi Garden, Main
Najafgarh Road,
Metor Pillar No. 482
Near Subhash Nagar Metro Station,
DELHI-110018
Tel: 011-32928876, 9810682820,
931032766, 9810327606,
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Fax: 011-25133345
Email: info@ihadelhi.com
Website: www.ihadelhi.com
International Institute of Culinary
Arts
Chief Operating Officer: Mr. Arjun
Singh Datta, 39, Darachya,
Hauz Khas Village Road,
NEW DELHI-110016
Tel: 26850817, 8447728601,
Fax: 26850817
Tollfree: 18008432433
Email: admissions@chefiica.com,
corporated chefiica.com,
iicadelhi@chefiica.com
Website: www.chefiica.com
International Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. Abdullah Ahmed
B-2/70, Mohan Co-operative
Industrial Estate, Mathura Road
Near Badarpur Metro Station
NEW DELHI-110044
Tel: 09999538238, 9873156558
011-43204700/01
Email: admin.delhi@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
Jaganath Institute of Management
Sciences JIMS JCC
Chairman: Mr. Manish Gupta
Plot No. 2, Community Centre, Sec-3,
Rohini, DELHI
Tel: 011-45184100, +91-9717500527
Email: admissions@jims.in
Website: www.jims.in
Lakshya Bhartee Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. Kamal Kumar
LBIIHM Tower, B-98,
Pushpanjali Enclave,
Outer Ring Road, Pitampura,
NEW DELHI-110034
Tel: 27011495, 65155113
Mob: 09560895483, 9560895482,
9560895481
Email: info@lbiihm.com,
director@lbiihm.com
Website: www.lbiihm.com
Oberoi Centre of Learning and
Development
Executive Chairman: Mr. P.R.S. Oberoi
7, Sham Nath Marg -110054
NEW DELHI
Tel: 011-23890505, Fax: 23890552
Email: career@oberoigroup.com
Website: oberoigroup.com
The Hotel School
CEO: Mr. Anil Bhatt
989, Near Oberoi Farm, Kapashera,
NEW DELHI-110037
Tel.: 011-25061268,
Helpline: 9999-30-0066
Email: info@thehotelschool.com
Website: thehotelschool.com
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Pradeep Goyal
Block ‘C’ 5th Floor Vikas Surya Mall,
Near M2k Rohini,Sector -3,
Rohini -110085,
NEW DELHI
Tel: 011-44151515, 9312004635
Email: info@uei-global.com,
pradeep.goyal@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
YMCA
New Delhi YMCA
Institute for Career Studies (ICS)
Director : Mr. Stephen DaCosta
Education Centre, Room No. 8, 1st
Floor, Gate No. 3, 1, Jai Singh Road,
NEW DELHI-110001
Tel: 011 23360501, 011 43644028,
0091-11-43644000
Email: info@newdelhiymca.org,
ics@newdelhiymca.in
Website: www.newdelhiymca.in
GOA
Ann Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Chairman: Mr. Laj Velakar
Nova Cidade Commercial Complex,
S1 Building, 2nd Floor,
Alto Porvorim, Bardez-403521, GOA
Tel: 0832-2411350,
Fax: 0832-2413887
Mob: 09326114919
Email: ann_goa@sancharnet.in
Website: www.annhmctgoa1.com
Goa College of Hospitality and
Culinary Education
Principal: Mrs. Zarine Lobo
Cidade de Goa,
Vainguinim Beach-403004,
GOA
Tel: 0832-2454560, 61, 0832-2454560,
0832-2454541
Mobile : 8698882520,
Email: admin@ghce.com
Website:
www.goahospitalitycollege.com
105
IAM Institute Of Hotel Management
Chairman: Dr. Suborno Bose
IAM Indismart Woodbourne Resort,
Gonvolay, Nuvem, Salcete,
GOA-403604
Tel: 0832-2791004, 2791003, 6481287,
6480572
Email: iamgoa@iam.ac.in,
admin@iam.ac.in
Website: www.iam.ac.in
International Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. Sameer Mehta
Woodbourne Campus,
Gonvolay, Nuvem, Salcette,
GOA-403604
Tel: 7028154616
Email: admin.goa@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
Iias School of Management
Chairman: Mr. Abhijit De
101/102, Tropical Bay,
NIO Circle, Donapaula, GOA-403004
Tel: 0832-2415194, 8605008191, 94
Email: iias.goa@iias.org.in
Website: www.iias.org.in
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Mrs. Donna D’souza
Alto Porvorim, Bardez-403521, GOA
Tel: 0832-2417252, 2411142
Email: ihmgoa@sancharnet.in,
donna.dsou39@ihmgoa.gov.in
Website: www.ihmgoa.gov.in
GUJARAT
AIMS Education Campus
(Hotel Management)
Chairman: Mr. Rajesh Chauhan
Director: Mr. Ripan Soni
Near S.P. University Sport Complex,
Bakrol–Vadtal Road, Anand-388315
GUJARAT
Tel: 02692-239246, 47, 7698002800
Fax: 02692-239248
Email: info@knowledgeaims.ac.in,
principal@knowledgeaims.ac.in
career@knowledgeaims.ac.in
Website: www.knowledgeaims.ac.in
Asia Pacific Institute of Management
(Hotel Management)
Director: Mr. Gruvish Gajjar
9 Ashram road, Vidya Vihar Colony Road,
Opp. Fortune Lankmark Hotel,
106
Ahmedabad-380013
GUJARAT
Tel: 079-27556140, 41
Fax: 079-27552898
Email: info@apimindia.net,
admissions@apim.ac.in
Website: www.apimindia.net
DIMS Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Mr. H.P. Shah
Director: Mr. Ravi Shah
5, Shivalik Building, 2nd Floor,
Mahalaxmi
Char Rasta Paldi, Ahmedabad-380007,
GUJARAT
Tel: 079-32448155, 26650127
Mob.: 9898982828, 9687301784
Email: dimsindia@gmail.com
Website: www. dimsindia.in
Gujarat Institute of Hotel
Management
Principal: Mr. Rishi Kashyap
Vaid House, Behind Sunpharma
Research Centre, Next to
Ashwamegh-1,
Akota, Padra Road, Vadodara,
GUJARAT-390020
Tel: 0265-2331112, 2327060,
9510210604
Email: info.baroda@gihm.in,
Website: www.gihm.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Dr. J.K. Mangaraj
Between Koba Circle & infinities
Road, Bhaijipura,
Bhaijipura Patia, P.O. Koba
Gandhinagar-382426, GUJARAT
Tel: 079-23276657, 58
Email: info@ihmahmedabad.com
principal@ihmahmedabad.com
Website: www.ihmahmedabad.com
International Institute of Hotel
Management
Associate Director: Ms. Shabnam
Haldar
IIHM Hotel School,
Ashram Road, Near Usmanpura Cross
Road, Opp. Fortune Land Marg
Hotel,
Ahmedabad-380013,
GUJARAT
Tel : 079-27562100
MB: 8128647013, 8155012124
Email: admin.ahmedabad@iihm.ac.in,
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Jindal School of Hotel Management
President & CEO: Mr. Satvik Agarwal
Campus – Sigma Group of Institutes
Ajwa Nimeta Road, Bakrol,
Vadodara-390019, GUJARAT
Tel: +91-9925001751 , 99740 63387
Email: info@jshm.co.in
Website: www.jshm.co.in
State Institute of Hotel
Management
Addl. Director General: Dr. Ravi
Kant Bhatnagar (IAS)
Near Dental College, Dethali Road,
Siddhpur, Patan,
GUJARAT-384151
Tel: 079 40322596, 29703598,
29702807, 02767 221525, 224525
Email: info@sihm.ac.in
Website: www.sihm.ac.in
Vivekanand Institute of
Hotel & Tourism Management
MD: Mr. Ramesh Mohnani
Director: Mr. Mohit Mohnani
“Bodhigram” NH-8/B, Kuvadava Road,
Kuchiyadar, Dist. Rajkot-360023,
GUJARAT
Mob: 09427213888, 08866250049,
8866250050, 7433813888
Email: info@vihtm.com,
admissions@vihtm.com
Website: www.vihtm.com
HARYANA
Allied Institute of Hotel
Management & Culinary Arts
Director: Ms. Sunali
SCO 47, Top Floor,, Sector 11,
Panchkula-134112, HARYANA
Tel: 0172-4632947
Mob.: 9872802947
Email: aihmca_chd@yahoo.co.in
Website: www.alliedchandigarh.com
Ganpati Knowledge Temple
Ganpati’s Group of Institutions
Ganpati Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Sh. Manish Bindra
Executive Director: Dr. Jagmohan
Oberoi
Chhachhrauli Road, Bilaspur,
Dist. Yamuna Nagar-135102,
HARYANA
Tel: 9355220096, 9355722244,
9315122266, 22882299, 9315122299,
9315122288
Email: ganpatibilaspur@gmail.com,
info@ganpatiinstitutions.com,
Website: www.ganpatiinstitutions.com
Inlead School of Hospitality
(INLEAD)
Dean: Mr. Deepak Sharma
National Expressway-8, 81-P,
Sector-34, Gurgaon-122004,
HARYANA
Tel: 0124-4220096,
Mob: 9560293100, 9560293100
Fax: 0124-4218451
Email: info@inlead.in,
r.dhingra@inlead.in,
Website: www.inlead.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mr. P.K. Gupta
Village Bhamboll,
Distt. Yamuna Nagar-135001,
HARYANA
Tel: 01732-263004, 05, 9996821065,
9992227874
Email: Ihmynr@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmyamunanagar.com
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mr. Atul Shukla
Badkal Lake Crossing,
Faridabad-121001, HARYANA
Tel: 0129-4052466
Email: principal@ihmfaridabad.com,
ihmfaridabad@gmail.com,
Website: www.ihmfaridabad.com
Kurukshetra University
Department of Tourism & Hotel
Management
Chairman: Sh. Mohinder Chand
HOD : Ms. Manjula Choudhary
Kurukshetra University, Thanesar,
Kurukshetra, HARYANA-136119
Tel: 01744-238169, 238518 , 238026,
9416782444
Email: chairperson.tourism@kuk.ac.in
Website: www.kuk.ac.in
Lakshay Colleges
Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)
Director: Mr. Sushil Mishra
Naultha, Gohana Road,
NH-71A, Panipat NCR, HARYANA
Mob.: 98964-13400, 90348-08088
Email: admission@lakshay.edu.in,
principal@lakshay.edu.in
Web: www.lchm.lakshay.edu.in
M.M. Institute of Computer
Technology & Business
Management (Hotel Management)
Chairman: Dr. Tarsem Garg
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
M.M. (Deemed to be University)
Campus,
Mullana (Ambala)-133207, HARYANA
Tel: 01731-274475-78
Toll. Free No.: 1800-2740240
Email: info@mmumullana.org
Website: www.mmumullana.org
Swami Devi Dyal Institute of
Hotel Management
President: Dr. Ashok Jindal
Director General: Dr. Y.C. Chopra
Vill: Goalpura, Teh: Barwala,
Dist.: Panchkula-134118, HARYANA
Mob: 09988822000,09988821000
Email: sddiet_panchkula@yahoo.com
Website: www.sddgpi.com
Sushant University
(Ansal University)
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Rakesh Ranjan
Sector-55, Golf Course Road,
Huda Shushant Lok-2, Gurgaon-122003
HARYANA
Tel: 0124-4750400, 4750501
Email:- info@sushantuniversity.edu.in
Website: www.ansaluniversity.edu.in
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Arni School of Hospitality
Management
Chancellor: Shri. Govind Kumar Goyal
(Kathgarh),Tehsil Indora, Distt.
Kangra, Pin-176401
HIMACHAL PRADESH-176401
Tel: 18008918962, 78-7684-8080 ,
78-7685-9292
Email: info@arni.in,
admission@arni.in
Website: www.arni.in
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology And Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Mr. Punit Batra
Village: Sasan, P.O. Jhaniari, Tehsil
Hamirpur, District. Hamirpur,
HIMACHAL PRADESH-177001
Tel: 9418853500 ,01972-226103
Email: sihm.hamirpur@gmail.com,
ihmhamirpurtp@gmail.com
sihmtp@gmail.com,
sihm.hamirpur@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmamprpur.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering and Nutrition
Principal: Mr. Mukul Dimri
Kufri, Shimla-171012,
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Tel: 0177-2735901, 9816041671
Email: ihmkufri@yahoo.com
Website: www.ihmshimla.org
JAMMU & KASHMIR
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering and Nutrition
Principal: Quazi Shabir Ahmad
Rajbagh, Srinagar-190008,
JAMMU & KASHMIR
Tel: 0194-2312234, 8803812691
Email: ihm@ihmsrinagar.edu.in
Website: www.ihmsrinagar.edu.in
JHARKHAND
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology and Applied
Nutrition, Ranchi, (IHM Ranchi/
SIHM)
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology and Applied
Nutrition, Ranchi, (IHM Ranchi /
SIHM)
Principal-cum-secretary : Dr. Bhupesh
Kumar
An Autonomous Institution under
Department of Tourism, Art
Culture, Sport and Youth Affairs,
Govt. of Jharkhand,)
(Affiliated to National Council for
Hotel Management & Catering
Technology, Ministry of Tourism,
Govt. of India & Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi)
Brambe, Ranchi,
JHARKHAND - 835205
Tel : 9162336888 / 9162724666
E-mail - info@ihmranchi.in,
Website : https://ihmranchi.in
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
Vice Chancellor: Dr. Indranil Manna
Ranchi-835215, JHARKHAND
Tel: 0651-2275444, 2275896, 2275648,
Ext. 4582, Mob: 09472711951
Fax: 0651-2275401
Email: principalbiet@rediffmail.com,
hod.hmc@bitmesra.ac.in
Website: www.bitmesra.ac.in
Institute of Science & Management
Chairman: R.A.K. Verma
Secretary Cum Director : Dr. G.P. Singh
President: Sh. Binod Kumar
ISM Campus, 4, Pundag,
Ranchi-834004, JHARKHAND
Tel: 0651-6571490, 7858001234,
9955542219
Email: info@ismr.ac.in
Website: www.ismr.ac.in
107
 KARNATAKA
Acharya Institute of Management
and Sciences (Aims)
CEO: Dr. Kerron G. Reddy
1st Cross, 1st Phase, Peenya
Industrial Area, Bengaluru-560058
KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-28390433, 28376430
Email:, admission@theaims.ac.in,
Website: www.theaims.ac.in
Agriculture and Food Management
Institute (Afmi)
President: Dr. Murli S
Director: Dr. Saurabh Sinha
Belawadi Village, Naguvanalli Post
Srirangapatna Taluk,
Mandya District-571438,
KARNATAKA
Tel: 0821-2343494
Mob: 09902927272, 09480849421
Email: officeafmi@gmail.com,
admissionafmi@gmail.com
Website: www.afmiworld.org
Army Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering Technology
Chairman : Maj. Gen. K.J. Babu
Nagareshwara, Nagenahalli,
Kothanur Post, Bengaluru-560077
KARNATAKA
Tel: 9036096807,8123543207
Email: principal@aihmctbangalore.edu.in
Website: www.aihmctbangalore.edu.in
Garden City University
Registrar : Dr. Sibi Shaji
Chairman : Dr. Joseph V. G.
16th km, Old Madras Road,
Bengaluru-560049, KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-66487600, 25613583,
9019921992, Fax: 080-25291414
Email: gcu@gardencity.university
Website: www.gardencitycollege.edu
International Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Ms. Sanchari Chowdhary
SSK Chambers, 874/A, Krishna
Temple Road, B.M. Kaval,
H.A.L 2nd Stage, Indiranagar,
Bengaluru-560038, KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-41520275, 76, 42068114,
8892864965, 9902885522, 9591000011
Email: admin.bangalore@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Sh. D. Venkatesan
S.J. Polytechnic Campus,
108
Seshadri Road, Bengaluru-560001,
KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-22262960, 080-22386763
Email: ihmbengaluru@gmail.com,
Website: www.ihmbangalore.kar.nic.in
Institute of Advanced Management
Institute of Hotel Management
Chairman: Dr. Suborno Bose
2nd floor Akshaya Plaza CTS NO:
508/A, Near 2nd Railway Gate,
Congress Road, Tilakwadi, Belagavi,
KARNATAKA-590006
Mob: 8951154858
Email: iambelgaum@gmail.com
Website: www.iambelagavi.com
Karavali Group of Colleges
Founder Chairman: Shri. S. Ganesh Rao
NH-17, Near Kottara Chowki Junction,
Bangra, Mangalore-575013,
KARNATAKA
Telefax: 0824-2455656, 6451499
Email: info@karavalicollege.ac.in,
info@karavalicollege.com
Website: www.karavalicollege.ac.in,
www.karavalicollege.com
KLE Society’s Nijalingappa College
Principal: Dr. Arun Kumar B.
Sonappanawar
Department of Hotel Management
and Catering Technology
(S. Nijalingappa College Campus),
No. 1040, 2nd Block, Rajaji Nagar
Bengaluru-560010, KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-23320910, 080-23526055,
23325020, 23429897
Email: info@klesnc.org,
poulisenm@yahoo.co.in,
klebhm@gmail.com,
Website: www.klesnc.org,
www.klesnc.in
Presidency College of Hotel
Management
C/o Hotel Orchid
Chairman & Managing Director: Shri
Chender Baljee
1, Golf Avenue, Adjoining kga, Golf
Course, Old Airport,
Bengaluru -560008, KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-25202796, Mob.: 9686654540
Telefax: 080-25203366
Email: learning@royalorchidhotels.com,
presidencytraining@royalorchidhotels.com,
Website: presidencycollege.edu.in
Sambharam College of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Mr. R. Venketash
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Principal: Prof. K. Kavitha
M.S. Palya, Via Jalahalli East
Bengaluru-560097, KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-65903384, 23648444
Mob: 09243458493, 9449040708
Fax: 080 23648444
Email: admissions@sambhram.org
Website: www.sambhram.org
Sarosh Institute of Hotel
Administration
Principal: Mr. Amar Z Cherian
Nitte Campus, NH-75, Kodakal,
Kannur Post, Mangalore-575007,
KARNATAKA
Tel: 0824-2275861, 2275862, 2275863
Mb: 9886848525, 9480571563
Email: sihainst@hotmail.com,
principal_sarosh@nitte.edu.in
Website: www.sihainst.com
T. John College
Department of Hotel Management
T. John Group of Institutions
Chairman: Dr. Thomas P. John
HOD: Dr. Siby Mathew
Principal: Sister Rose Mary Balabpa
No. 88/1, Gottigere,
Bannerghatta Main Road,
Bengaluru-560083, KARNATAKA
Tel: 080-40250555, 25597817
Mob: 9113264915, 9845040804
Email: adm4@tjohngroup.com,
info@tjohngroup.com
Website: www.tjohncollege.com
Welcomgroup Graduate School of
Hotel Administration
Principal: Dr. Chef K.
Thirugnanasambantham
Vallery View International Campus,
Opp. Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal-576104, KARNATAKA
Tel: 9243777700
Email: admissions@manipal.edu
Website: www.manipal.edu
KERALA
Institute of Hotel Management
and Catering Technology
Principal: Mr. K. Rajashekhar
G.V. Raja Road, Kovalam,
Thiruvananthapuram-695527,
KERALA
Tel: 0471-2480283, 2480774
Email: principal@ihmctkovlam.org,
info@ihmctkovalam.org,
administration@ihmctkovalam.org
Website: www.ihmctkovalam.ac.in
Munnar Catering College
Director: Mimi Mary Tissan
Thachankary
Thachankary Hills,
Sooryanelli, Munnar-685618,
KERALA
Tel: 04868-249900, 235000
Mob: 9447746664, 06282327291
Email:
info@munnarcateringcollege.edu.in,
mccmnr@bsnl.in
Website:
www.munnarcateringcollege.edu.in
Oriental School of Hotel
Management
Director :- Dr. K.C. Robbins
Address: Valley View, Lakkidi
Wayanad district -673576
KERALA
Mob: 9388403777, 9048879725
Email: robins.oshm@gmail.com
Website: www.orientalschool.com
St. Alphonsa College of HM
Director: Mr. Shibu Joseph Kottayil
Blessed Chavara Building,
Chungam West Hill,
Kozhikode-673005, KERALA
Tel: 0495-2762760
Mb: 9400696969, 9400929292,
Email: mail@alphonsacollege.com,
director@alphonsacollege.com
Website: www.alphonsacollege.com
State Institute of Hospitality
Management
Chairman: Adv. P A Mohamed Riyas
Varakkal Beach, West Hills,
Kozhikode-673005,
KERALA
Tel: 0495-2385861, 9846627994
Fax: 0495-2385863
Email: sihmcalicut@gmail.com
anita.trow@uei-global.com
Website: www.sihmkerala.com
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Ms. Anita Trow
Capital Mark, Near Modern Book
Center,
Gandhari Ammankovil Road,
Pulimood Jn, Off: MG Road,
Trivandrum-695001,
KERALA
Tel: 0471-4415151, 9846627994
Email: info@uei-global.com
anita.trow@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MADHYA PRADESH
Indian Institute of Tourism &
Travel Management
(An Autonomous Body Under
Ministry of Tourism, Government of
India)
Director: Prof. (Dr.) Alok Sharma
Govindpuri,
Gwalior-474011,
MADHYA PRADESH
Tel: 0751-2437300, 2345821, 2345822
9582966086, 9425407607,
7205146285, 94251122293
Email: admissions@iittm.ac.im
Website: www.iittm.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Director: Mr. Anand Kumar Singh
1100 Quarters, Near Academy of
Administration,
Bhopal-462016,
MADHYA PRADESH
Tel: 0755-2464397, 2428551,
Fax: 0755-2468046
Email: info@ihmbhopal.ac.in
Website: www.ihmbhopal.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management
IPS Academy
Director: Prof. J.K. Gupta
Near Hotel Mashal , Jhoomer Ghat,
A.B. Road, Indore-453331,
MADHYA PRADESH
Tel: 0731-4020306, 9575854161,
9893199394, 8085884888, 9977835161
Email: director.sohm@ipsacademy.org,
office.sohm@ipsacademy.org
Website: www.ipsacademy.org
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mr. Pulkit Bhambi
Airport Road, Maharajpura
Gwalior-474005,
MADHYA PRADESH
Tel: 0751-2471477
Email: ihmgwl@gmail.com,
aoihmgwl@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmgwalior.net
RKDF College of Hotel
Management
Principal: Dr.Ashish Bhatt
NH-12, Hoshangabad Road,
Jatkhedi, Bhopal-462047
MADHYA PRADESH
Tel: 08370098013, 0755-2417219,
2499571
Email: vksethi1949@gmail.com,
drbnsingh@rkdf.ac.in
Website: www.rkdf.net
MAHARASHTRA
Advanced Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Director: Mr. Pradeep Kumar Chandel
554-S.k. Gupta Marg, New Coloney,
(Opp. Play-House Kindergarden),
Nagpur-110043, MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 09890379928
Email: aihmct.mgt@rediffmail.com
Website: www.aihmct.net
All Indian Shir Shivaji Memorial
Society’s
College of Hotel Management &
Catering Technology
Chairman: Shri Chhatrapati Shahu
Maharaj
Principal: Dr. Sonali Jadhav
55-56, Shivaji Nagar,
Pune-411005,
MAHARASHTRA
Mob: 849604 045
Tel: 020-25520488, 2025511655
Email: aissms5@gmail.com,
sonalijadhav@aissmschmct.in
Website: www.aissmshospitalityedu.com
Amro Tourism Academy
(Hotel Management)
Chairman: Mr. Rajan Soni
Surajkund, Gat No 64/3, Rajpur
Bahula, Near Vilholi,
Mumbai-Nashik Highway (NH-3),
Nashik-422010
MAHARASHTRA
Mob: 9225142827
Fax: 0253-2029817
Email: info@amroinstitutes.com
Website: www.amroinstitutes.com
Anjuman-I-Islam’s College of
Hotel and Tourism Management
Studies & Research
Principal: Mr. Harish Suvarna
92, Dr. D.N. Road, Opp. C.S.T,
Mumbai-400001,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-22652272, 22632817
Fax: 022-22694685
Email: principal@anjumanihmct.org,
rukshana.principal@anjumanihmct.org
Website: www.anjumanihmct.org
109
Apeejay Institute of Hospitality
Principal: Mr. Bhuvan G.M.
No. 1, Sector-10, C.B.D. Belapur,
Navi Mumbai-400614,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 67589050, 27589050
Email: connect@aih.edu.in
Website: www.aih.edu.in
Atharva College of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology (Achmct)
Executive President: Shri Sunil Rane
Malad-Marve Road, Charkop Naka,
Malad (W), Mumbai-400095
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-40294941, 961
Fax: 022-40294911
Email: reception@atheruahmct.edu.in,
receptionachmct@gmail.com
Website: www.atharvahmct.edu.in
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of
Hotel Management and Catering
Technology
Principal: Dr. Lalita Shivavandan
Chirmulay
Pune-Satara Road, Katraj,
Dhanakwadi, Pune-411043,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-24372761, 24372788
Fax: 020-24372761
Email: ihmct@bharatividyapeeth.edu
Website: www.ihmct.bharatividyapeeth.edu
Bharati Vidyapeeth—College of
Hotel and Tourism Management
Studies
Director: Dr. Vilasrao Kadam
Principal: Prof. Dr. Wilson Lukose
Sector-8, CBD Belapur, Navi
Mumbai-400614,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-27574325, 27562268
Email: info.chtms@bharatividyapeeth.edu,
principal.chtms@bharatividyapeeth.edu,
chtms@bharatividyapeeth.edu
Website:
www.chtms.bharatividyapeeth.edu
Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidya Pratishthan
Society’s,
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering Technology
Chanceller : Dr. P. D. Patil
Thatawade, Pune-411033,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-22932626, 65112624,
67919499
110
TeleFax: 020-22932627
Email: info.hmct@dypvp.edu.in
Website: www.hmct.dypvp.edu.in
Government Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Principal: Dr. C. S. Thorat
HOD: Dr. Aarti Meshram
Govt. Polytechnic Campus, Sadar,
Nagpur-440001,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 0712-2544355, 2542725
Email: principalhmct_ngp@hotmail.com,
Website: www.gihmctngp.org
Institute of Hotel Management–
ihm-a
Principal: Mr. Satish Jayaram
Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus,
Rauza Bagh,
Aurangabad-431001,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 0240-2381113, 0240-2381127,
0240-2381104, 2392847
Email: info@ihmaurangabad.ac.in
principal.ihma@gmail.com,
ihm.aurangabad@tajhotels.com
Website: www.ihmaurangabad.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management
(IHM-Mumbai)
Principal: Mr. Nisheeth Srivastava
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition, Mumbai
IHMCTAN, Veer Savarkar Marg,
Dadar (W),
Mumbai-400028, MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-24457241, 24457242,
24459154
Fax: 022-24449779
Email: info@ihmctan.edu
Website: www.ihmctan.edu
International Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. Rupinder Singh
Khurana
Sr. No. 206/3, Plot No 16, Viman
Nagar, Pune-411014
(Near NECO Garden & behind
Phoenix Market City Mall),
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-67296200, 211, 08600147345,
08600995713, 14, 15
Email: admin@iihm.ac.in
admin.pune@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
ITM-Institute of Hotel
Management
Principal: Mr. Sagar Chitre
Mumbai Campus
Contact person: Ms. Aarti Thakkar
7th Floor, Plot No. A-21,
Next to Marble Arc School,
Oshiwara Police Station Road,
Oshiwara, Andheri(W),
Mumbai-400053,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-26344464, 26344452, 51,
8828111084, Toll free: 18001037187
Email: hmoshiwara@itm.edu
Website: www.itm.edu
ITM-Institute of Hotel
Management
Principal: Ms. Purva Tawde
Navi Mumbai Campus
Ms. Charanjeet Kaur
Plot No. 25 & 26, Institutional Area,
Sector-4, Kharghar (E),
Navi Mumbai-410210,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-49147200, 49147232,
9320218007
Tollfree: 1800-1037187
Email: charanjeetk@gmail.com
Plot No. D-222/28,
Near Bafana Motors,
ABB and Airtel Lane, MIDC,
Shirvane, Nerul, Navi Mumbai-
400706, MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-39474200
Tel: 022-49147200,
Mr. Harjinder Arora - 09321198221
Email: hmct@itm.edu,
harjindera@itm.edu
Website: www.itm.edu/ihm
Kapol Vidyanidhi College of
Management & Technology
Chairman: Mr. Jiten P. Mody
Executive Director: Ms. Alka Vora
Principal: Dr. Reshma Hegde
Mahavir Nagar, Near Kamla Vihar
Sports Club, Kandivali (W),
Mumbai-400067, MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-28614719, 28661143,
32967212
Email: principal.kvit@gmail.com,
kvihmct@yahoo.com
kvis.icse@gmail.com, principal@kvis.in
Website: www.kapoleducation.com
www.kapolcollege.com
Kohinoor International
Management Institute (KIMI)
Principal: Prof. Sanjeeb Pal
Kohinoor Global Campus
Subdivision A,
Old Pune-Mumbai Highway,
Khandala-410301,
Dist. Pune,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 02114-269018, 19, 20,
9322321153, 02114-269224
kimi@kohinoor.ac.in
www.kimi.kohinoor.ac.in
kimi@kohinoor.ac.in
Website: www.kimi.kohinoor.ac.in
Kohinoor-Imi, School of
Hospitality Management
Principal: Prof. Sanjeeb Pal
Kohinoor Global Campus,
Subdivision A,
Old Pune-Mumbai Highway,
Khandala-410301,
Dist. Pune,
MAHARASHTRA, India
Tel: 02114-269018, 19, 20
Fax: 269224
Email: kimi@kohinoor.ac.in
Website: www.kimi.kohinoor.ac.in
M. A. Rangoonwala Institute
of Hotel Management & Research
President: Hon’ble Dr. P.A Inamdar
2390 B.K.B Hidayatullah Road,
Azam Campus, Camp,
Pune-411001,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-26442261,
Fax: 020-26430962
Email: info@marhotelmanagement.com,
mcemarihmrp@yahoo.co.in
Website: www.marhotelmanagement.com
Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir’s
Samajshree Prashantdada Hiray
College of Hotel Management &
Catering Technology
Principal: Mr. Nitin Ramchandra Jadhav
Mumbai Agra Road Panchavati,
Nashik-422033,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 0253-2628281
Fax: 0253-2621335
Email: mgv.hmct@gmail.com,
mgvihmct@rediffmail.com
Website: www.mgv.org.in
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Novel’s Nibr College of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology
Principal: Mr. Vaibhav Phand
1/D, Sant Tukaram Sankul,
Opp. St. Ursulas High School,
Nigdi, Pradhikaran, Pune-411044,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-27640182, 65335585,
27659910
Mob.: 9881520066, 9881540066
Email: nibrindia@gmail.com,
info@nibrindia.com
Website: www.nibrindia.com
Rizvi College of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
President: Dr. A.H. Rizvi
New Rizvi Educational Complex,
Off Carter Road, Sherly Rajan Road,
Bandra (W), Mumbai-400050,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 022-26044176, 26053137,
26057240,
Fax: 022-26052071
Email: rizvihmc@vsnl.com,
principal@rizvihmct.com
Website: www.rizvihmct.com
Shri Balasaheb Tripude College of
Hotel Management & Catering
Technology
President: Shri Rajkumar Tirpude
Principal: Prof. Satish Naidu
1, Balasaheb Tirpude Marg Civil
Lines, Sadar, Nagpur-440001,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 0712-2550695, 2550032
Fax: 0712-2543965
Mb: 09823935789, 8412024527,
09146977205
Email: tirpudehmct@gmail.com
Website: www.tirpudehmct.ac.in
Sinhgad Institute of Aviation and
Hospitality Management
Chairman: Prof. M.N. Navale
19/15, Erandwane, Smt. Khilare Marg,
Off Karve Road, Pune-411004,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-25454928
Mb: 09922918750
Email: director_siahm@singhad.edu
Website: www.sinhgad.edu
Suryadatta Group of Institutes
Chairman: Prof. Dr. Sanjay B. Chordiya
S.No. 342, Off Chandani Chowk-Pashan
Road, Patil Nagar,
Bavdhan (BK),
Pune-411021, MAHARASHTRA
Mb: 08956392408, 08956938603,
09112297606
Email: info@suryadatta.edu.in,
admission@suryadatta.edu.in
Website: www.suryadatta.org
Symbiosis School of Culinary Arts
Vice Chancellor: Dr. Rajani R. Gupte
3rd floor, SIT building,
Hill Base Campus, Symbiosis Knowledge
Centre, Mulshi Taluka, Lavale,
Pune-412115, MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-28116200, 61936200
Email: info@siu.edu.in
Website: www.siu.edu.in
Tuli College of Hotel Management
Chairman: Mr. Mohabat Singh Tuli
Director: Dr. Urvashi Yashroy
Tuli Edu City,
Near Koradi Octroi Post,
Bokhara Road, Nagpur-441123
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 0712-6642308, 66423010,
6642311, 09422114055
Email: tulihmct@gmail.com
info@eduttuli.com,
urvashiyashroy@yahoo.com
Website: www.eduattuli.com
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Ms. Vaishali Chavan
Plot No-823C, Bhamburda,
Nr Corporation Bus Stand,
Shivaji Nagar, Pune-411005,
MAHARASHTRA
Tel: 020-44151515, 9921744544
Email: info@uei-global.com,
vaishali.chavan@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
MEGHALAYA
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology and Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Mr. Vijay Kumar
Mawkasians Mawdiangdiang,
East Khasi Hills District,
Shillong-793018,
MEGHALAYA
Tel: 6033096587, 6033096588
Email: principal.ihm-meg@nic.in,
ihmctan.shillong@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmshillong.nic.in
111
 ODISHA
Biju Pattanaik College of Hotel
Management, Tourism & Social
Work
President : Sri Sitaballava Mahapatra
C/o Biju Pattanaik Computer
Academy, Bomikhal,
Near IMFA Office,
Bomikhal, Rasulgarh,
Bhubneshwar-751010,
ODISHA
Tel: 7655860732 9439832689
Email: bpchmtadmission@gmail.com
Website: www.bpchmt.org.in
Govt. Women’s Polytechnic
Principal: Mr. C. Patra
UCP Engineering Schoo Road,
NH-217 Berhampur,
Berhampur-760010,
ODISHA
Tel: 0680-2291169, 2291660
Email: gpberhampur95@gmail.com
govtpolytechnicbehrampur@gmail.com
Website: www.wpberhampur.org.in,
www.gpberhampur.com
www.govtpolytechnic.co.in
Institute of Hotel Management,
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition
Principal: Ms. Sharada Ghosh
Veer Surendra Sai Nagar,
Bhubaneswar-751007,
ODISHA
Tel: 0674-2589241
Email: hospitality@ihmbbs.org,
principal@ihmbbs.org
Website: www.ihmbbs.org
Premiere Institute of Hotel
Management, Catering Technology
and Tourism
Principal: Nityananda Singhari
Near Sterling Resort,
Baliapanda, Sea Beach,
Puri-752001,
ODISHA
Tel: 06752-297916
Mob: 0876383627
Email: premierpuri1@gmail.com,
admin@pihmctt.com
Website: www.pihmt.com
Ranjita Institute of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology
Chairman: Mr. Sanjib Rout
112
Bidyanagar, Mahura, Janla,
Bhubaneswar-752054,
ODISHA
Tel: 8337900335, 9040272755
Fax: 0674-2113593
Email: info@cvrgi.edu.in
Website: www.rihmct.edu.in
School of Hotel Management,
(Faculty of Hospitality and
Tourism Management)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan
(A Deemed to be University
declared
U/S 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’
Grade
Dean: Dr. Sapan Kumar Sadual
Jagamara, Khandagiri Square,
Bhubaneswar-751030,
ODISHA
Tel: 09078823779, 06371634669,
07978403147, 0674-2350448
Email: dean.shm@soa.ac.in,
saat2021@soa.ac.in
Website: www.soa.ac.in/shm
Xavier College of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. Dillip Maharana
Principal: Ms. Monalisa Mohanty
Parabil, Kandarpur,
Cuttack
ODISHA-754100
Tel: 0671-2322965, 9776094942,
09439703147, 09439703146
Email: principal@xchm.in,
hr@xchm.in, infoxchm@gmail.com
Website: www.xchm.in
PUNJAB
Chandigarh College of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Chairman : Mr. Satnam Singh Sandhu
Landran, Kharar-Banur Highway,
Sector-112, Greater Mohali,
PUNJAB-140307
Tel: 09521-04444, 9592214444
Email: admissions@cgc.edu.in
Website: www.cchmct.org
Chitkara School of Hospitality
Chancellor: Dr. Ashok K. Chitkara
Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway
(NH-64), Patiala-140401, PUNJAB
Tel: 01762507084, 86
Email: admissions@chitkara.edu.in,
Website: www.csh.chitkara.edu.in
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
CT Institute of Hotel Management
Chairman: S. Charanjit Singh Channi
Managing Director: Mr. Manbir Singh
Greater Kailash,
G.T. Road Maqsudan,
Jalandhar-144008,
PUNJAB
Tel: 0181-5009595, 5009605, 5009591
Email: info@ctgroup.in
Website: www.ctgroup.in
Desh Bhagat Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Dr. Zora Singh
Off to NH-44, Amloh Road,
Mandi Gobindgarh,
District Fatehgarh Sahib-147301
PUNJAB
Tel: 82838-33333, 8283811111
Email: dbihm@deshbhagatinstitutes.com
Website: deshbhagatuniversity.in
Food Craft Institute
Dr. A. Jaganathan
Ram Colony Camp, Chandigarh Road,
Hoshiarpur,
PUNJAB-146001
Tel: 01882-237700
Email: fcihoshiarpur@gmail.com
Website: www.fcihoshiarpur.com
Imperial Institute of Hotel
Management
S.C.O 811, Second Floor,
Near Fun Republic, (Dhillon Theatre)
NAC, Manimajra, Chandigarh-160101,
PUNJAB
Tel: 0172-5077990
Email: info@imperialihm.com
Website www.imperialihm.com
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal Incharge: Mr. Argha
Chakravorty
Village Bariar, G.T. Road,
Gurdaspur-143521, PUNJAB
Tel: 01874-222501, 222502
Email: mail.ihmgsp@gmail.com,
administration@ihmgurdaspur.org
Website: www.ihmgurdaspur.org
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Ms. Rajnit Kohli
Industrial Growth Center, Mansa
Road, Bathinda-151001, PUNJAB
Tel: 0164-2430454, 2430654
Email: ihmbti@gmail.com,
ihm@ihmbti.com
Website: www.ihmbti.com
Institute of Technology and
Future Management Trends
Chief Patron: Lt. Gen. K.J. Singh (Retd.)
HOD: Ms. Chitra Kapoor
Eco City Phase-II, Sector-11,
NAW CHANDIGARH
Tel: 0172-2727271, 2727272
Fax: 2701092
Email: itft@itft.edu.in,
admission@itft.edu.in
Website: www.itft.edu.in
KC Group of Institutions
Chairman: Mr. Prem Pal Gandhi
Principal: Mr. Vikas Kumar
Karyam Road,
Nawanshahr-144514,
PUNJAB
Tel: 01823-503836, 504200, Fax:
229078
Mob.: 9464946455, 9914100582
Email: admission@kcinstitutes.com,
kcceit@kcinstitutes.com
info@kcinstitutions.com
Website: www.kcinstitutes.com
Lovely Professional University
Chancellor: Mr. Ashok Kumar Mittal
Lovely Campus, Jalandhar-Delhi Road,
G.T. Road (NH-1),
Phagwara-144411,
PUNJAB
Tel: 01824-404404, Fax: 01824-506111
Email: info@lpu.co.in,
admissions@lpu.co.in
Website: www.lpu.in
PCTE Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Director General: Dr. K.N.S. Kang
Village-Jhande, Baddowal,
Ferozepur Road,
Ludhiana-142021,
PUNJAB
Tel: 0161-2888500, 600, Fax: 2888505
Email: info@pcte.edu.in
Website: www.pcte.edu.in
Rayat & Bahra Institute of Hotel
Management
Director/Principal: Mrs. Sonali Sinha
V.P.O-Sahauran, Dist. Mohali,
PUNJAB
Tel: 0160-5009665, 72, 75, 5009750
Fax: 0160-5009680
Email: rbihm@rayatbahra.com
Website: www.rbihm.rayatbahra.com
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
St. Soldier Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Chairman: Mr. Anil Chopra
680-L Model Town, Jalandhar City,
PUNJAB
Tel: 0181-4692000, Fax: 5008009
Email: ihmsoldier@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmstsoldiergroup.com
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Navneet
Chitkara
Plot No. 15, Feroz Gandhi Market,
Ludhiana-141001,
PUNJAB
Mob: 8822500003
Email: info@uei-global.com,
chitkaranavneet@gmail.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Lakhwinder
Singh
First Floor, Bhadwal Complex,
Opp Narinder Cinema,
Gate No. 2, Near Bus Stand,
Jalandhar-144001,
PUNJAB
Tel: 0181-5048701, 9888768700
Email: info@uei-global.com,
ueijalandhar@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
RAJASTHAN
Food Craft Institute
SIHM—Udaipur
Principal: Mrs. Sangeeta Sehgal
Goverdhan Vilas, Sector 14,
Udaipur,
RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0294-298109, 2641011
Fax: 0294-2641011
Email: principalfciu@gmail.com,
admission@foodcraftinstituteudaipur.com
Website:
www.foodcraftinstituteudaipur.com
www.sihmudaipur.com
Gyan Vihar Universe
School of Hotel Management
Chief Mentor: Dr. Sudhanshu
Principal: Mr. Manish Shrivastava
Mahal, Jagatpura,
Jaipur-302017
RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0141-6450389-90, 9413345444
Email: admissions@mygyanvihar.com
Website: www.gyanvihar.org
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering & Tourism Udaipur
Director: Mr. M.R. Sehgal
413-417, Institutional Area Seth ji ki
Kundal, Balicha, Girwa,
Udaipur-313001, RAJASTHAN
Mobile: 9950369808, 8107296417
Email: ihmudr@gmail.com,
info@ihmcudaipur.org
Website: www.ihmcudaipur.org
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition Jaipur
Chairman: Mr. Priyadarshan Lakhawat
Sikar Road, Near Bani Park Police
Station, Jaipur-302016, RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0141-2200402, 2202812,
Fax: 0141-2200402
Email: ihm_jpr@rediffmail.com
Website: www.ihmjaipur.com
International Institute of Hotel
Managements
Director: Ms. Reena Chaturvedi
IIHM Hotel School
30, Durga Vihar Durgapura,
Behind Mahindra Towers, Tonk Road,
Dalda Factory Road,
Jaipur-302018, RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0141-2722497, 2721497, 2720497,
09785323334, 09785014005
Email: admin.jaipur@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mr. Krishna Gopal Dubey
Govt. Polytechnic Campus,
New Pali Road, Bhagat Ki Kothi,
Jodhpur-342001, RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0291-2616929, 9929098604
Fax: 0291-2616929, 2643196
Email: sihmjodheur@rediffmail.com
Website: www.ihmjodhpur.com
Jaipur National University
School of Hotel Management &
Catering Technology
Director Administration: Prof. Divya
Shrivastava
Jaipur-Agra Byepass,
Near New RTO Office, Jagatpura,
Jaipur-302017, RAJASTHAN
Tel: +91 141 7197070,
+91 8306100404, +91 7413012363,
+91-8306100405
Email: info@jnujaipur.ac.in,
admissions@jnujaipur.ac.in
Website: www.jnujaipur.ac.in
113
Maharishi Arvind Institute of
Hotel Management
Director: Dr. Bharat Prashar
Sector 7, Madyam Marg, Mansarovar,
Jaipur-302020, RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0141-2784311, 27850529,
Adm. Helpline: 09828199940,
08890949494, 09828199937
Fax: 0141-2784354
Email: info@maietjaipur.com,
placements.maism@gmail.com
Website: www.maietindia.org
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Dinesh Kumar
C-14, Vaishali Circle, Vaishali Marg,
Vaishali Nagar, Jaipur-301001
RAJASTHAN
Tel: 0141-4415151, 9549910293
Email: info@uei-global.com,
dinesh.kumar@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
SIKKIM
Institute of Hotel Management
Director(T)-cum-Administrator
(IHM) - Kapil Meena,IAS
Gangtok, Sajong, Rumtek,
Gangtok,
EAST SIKKIM.
Tel: 0359-252335, 252435,
Mob: 9434045415, 9434103689,
Fax: 0359-2270557
Email: ihmgangtok@rediffmail.com
Website: www.ihmgangtok.com
TAMIL NADU
All India Institute of Management
Studies
Director: Prof. U. Pancras
55 (Old No. 29), Lazarus Church
Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai-600028,
TAMIL NADU
Tel.: 044-24956036
Help Line: 098401 37982
Email: aiimas@rediffmail.com
Website: www.aiimas.com
Asan Memorial Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Vice-President: Sri. M.O. Joseph
Cochin House, #1, Anderson Road,
Chennai-600006
TAMIL NADU
Tel.: 044-43084848, 28214256.
Fax: 044-28272958
Email: info@asaneducation.com
Website: www.asaneducation.com
114
Empee Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Chairman: Mr. M.P. Purushothaman
No. 262 (Old 700),
Maillis Building, First Floor,
Thousand Lights,
Anna Salai, Chennai-600006,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 044-26630179, Mob: 9710865667
Fax: 26631843
Email: eihmct@empeemail.in
Website: www.empeeihmct.org
Indian Institute of Catering
Technology & Hotel Management
Principal: Thiru Muthukrishnan C.
Near New Bus Stand,
Trichy Road, Thanjavur-613005,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 04362-228002
Mob: 9894723215,
Email: info@iicthm.edu.in
Website: www.iicthm.edu.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mrs. R. Parimala
Office Superinten: Mr. M.S. Dinakar
4th Cross Street, CIT Campus,
TTTI-Tharamani-P.O.,
Chennai-600113, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 044-22542029, Fax: 044-22541615
Email: ihmchen@dataone.in,
ihmtaramani@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmchennai.org
Jaya College of Arts & Science
Founder: Prof. A. Kanagaraj
CTH Road, Thiruninravur,
Chennai-602024,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 044-26390808, 26300251
Fax: 26340954
Email: info@ jcas.co.in,
principal@jcas.co.in
Website: www.jcas.co.in
Jenneys Academy of Tourism and
Hotel Management
Director: Mr. M. Ponnilango
2/67, Manigandam Road,
Ramjee Nagar, K. Kallikudy South,
Trichy-620009,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0431-2690920, 2690921
Mob: 9791229999
Fax: 2690922
Email: jenneysacademy@gmail.com
Website: www.jenneysacademy.com
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
King Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Director: Mr. Calvathnoorthin
No: 19/6, Kaliyappa Nadar Veethi,
R.C. Street, Palangantham,
Madurai-625003,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0452-2372233, 2372958, 2372203,
9894702238, 8056602233
Email: kinginstitute_2002@yahoo.co.in
kingcateringcollege@gmail.com
Website: www.kingcatering.org
Kodaikanal Christian College
Chairman & Principal: Dr. Samuel
Abraham
Paradise Hill, Prakasapuram P.O.,
Kodaikanal-624104, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 9865264770, 9865265770,
9865270770, 9965904770, 9003032745
Email: info@kcc.edu.in,
admissions@kcc.edu.in
Website: www.kcc.edu.in
Madras Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Chairman: Rtn. P. Navamani
60, Poonamallee High Road
(Near Shiridi Sai Baba Temple),
Kattupakkam, Goparasanallur,
Chennai-600056, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 9176111666, 7824888000
Email: info@mihmct.com,
admission@mihmct.com
Website: www.mihmct.com
Madurai Kamaraj University
Vice-Chancellor: Prof. (Dr.) J. Kumar
Palkalai Nagar, Madurai-625021,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0452-2458471 (30 lines),
0452-2459455
Fax: 2459181
Email: mkuregistrar@rediffmail.com
Website: mkuniversity.ac.in
Monarch International College of
Hotel Management
Principal: Ms. Nalini Thimraj
Forest Gate Pudumund,
Ooty-643007, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0423-2445343, 2446871244687
Mb: 09786239556, 08778205288,
09486846871, 9843022461
Fax: 0423-2446871
Email: principal@monarchcollege.edu.in,
monarchcollege@monarchcollege.edu.in
Website: www.monarchcollege.edu.in
Oriental Institute of Catering
Technology & Hotel Management
Founder: Shri. J. Manikandan
Uthangudi, Near MGR Bus Stand -
Ring Road, Madurai-625107,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0452 – 4231265
Mb: 09489400168, 09489400356
Email: oihmct@gmail.com
Website: www.orientalmadurai.in
Pavendar Bharathidasan College of
Arts and Science
Principal: Dr. A. Muthumuniyammal
Thanjai Natraj Nagar,
Opp. Bharathidasan University,
Mathur, Pudukottai Road,
Tiruchirapalli-620024, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 04339-250356, 04339-250357,
358, 09566830044
Email: pabcas123@gmail.com
Website: www.pabcas.in
PGP College of Arts & Science
Principal: Dr. M. Dakshinamoorthy
Namakkal-Karur Main Road, (NH-7),
Namakkal-637207, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 04286-267404,
Mob: 09442414829, 08939808573
Email: arts@pgpews.com
Website: www.pgpartscollege.ac.in
RVS College of Arts and Science
Principal: Dr. T. Siva Kumar
242-B, Trichy Road, Sulur,
Coimbatore-641402, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0422-2687421, 480, 603,
Fax: 2687604
Email: info@rvsgroup.com
Website: www.rvscas.ac.in
SRM Institute of Hotel
Management
Director: Dr. Antony Ashok Kumar
SRM IST Campus
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur (Post),
Chennai-603203, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 044-47432184, 87, 74, 75
Mob: 7550000833, 7550000818
Email: vp.ihm@srmist.edu.in,
srmihmadmission@gmail.com
Website: https://www.srmihm.info,
https://www.srmist.edu.in,
institute-hotel-and-catering-
management
Sankara College of Science and
Commerce
Managing Trustee & Secretaty:
Shri T.P. Ramachandran
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Sankara Campus, Saravanamapatti,
Coimbatore-641035, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0422-4313500, 09211712345
Email: info@sankara.ac.in,
principalarts@sankara.ac.in
Website: www.sankara.ac.in
Sathyabama Institute of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology
Directors: Mr. Marie Johnson &
Mrs. Mariazeena Johnson
Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar
Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road,
Chennai-600119,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 044-24503150, 51, 52, 54, 55
Fax: 044-24502344
Email:
directors@sathyabamauniversity.ac.in
Website:
www.sathyabamauniversity.ac.in
Shevaroys College of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology
Chairman: Shri. R. Devadass
Shevaroys Complex, Hospital road,
Yercaud Hills, Salem Dist.-636601,
TAMIL NADU
Mb: 9944999595, 9790190416
Email: info@shevaroys.in,
shevaroysyercaud@gmail.com
Website: www.shevaroys.in
Sree Amman Arts & Science College
Founder & Chairperson: Tmt.T.
Jayalakshmi, M.A.
Chittode, Erode-638102,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0424-2533987, 2535172
Secretary: 09943063388
Fax: 0424-2535171
Email: sree_amman@rediffmail.com
Website: www.sreeamman.com
State Institute of Hotel Management
Principal: Mr. Sridhar Penugonda
Thuvakkudi, Tiruchirappalli-620015,
TAMIL NADU
Tel: 0431-2500660, 2500188
Fax: 0431-2500960
Email: sihmct1@gmail.com
Website: www.sihmct.org
Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy
College of Science
Principal: Dr. R. Sujatha
T.V.R. Nagar, Aruppukottai Road,
Madurai-625022, TAMIL NADU
Mb: 07397788615
Email: slcs@slcs.edu.in
Website: www.slcs.edu.in
V.J.P. College of Catering and
Hotel Management
Chairman: Dr. Vijaye Jay Raj
Trichy-Chennai Highway, Navaladiyan
Nagar, Siruganur, Trichy-621105
Tel: 0431-2650294, 2650394
Admin. Office:
Navaladiyan Iiiam,
5A, Narayana Nagar
Woraiyur, Trichy-620003
Tel.: 0431-2760694, 2760094
TAMIL NADU
Email: info@vjpcollege.net
Website: www.vjpcollege.net
Vels Institute of Science,
Technology of Advanced Studies
(VISTAS)
School of Hotel & Catering
Management
Founder Chancellor: Dr. Isari K.
Ganesh
Velan Nagar, Pallavaram,
Chennai-600117, TAMIL NADU
Tel: 044-22662501, 22662502,
22662503
Fax: 044-22662513
Email: velshotelmanagment@yahoo.com,
vistas@veluniv.org
Website: www.velsuniv.ac.in
UTTAR PRADESH
Amity School of Hospitality
Chairperson: Dr. (Mrs.) Amita
Chauhan
Ground Floor, I-1 Block, Amity
Campus, Sector 125, Noida-201303,
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0120-4392179, 4392279,
43922094, 43922023
Email: admissions@amity.edu
Website: www.amity.edu
Bundelkhand University - Institute
of Tourism & Hotel Management
Vice Chancellor: Prof Mukesh Pandey
Kanpur Road,
Jhansi-284128,
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0510-2320496, 2321158,
9450070947
Fax: 0517-320761
Website: www.bujhansi.ac.in
115
Chaudhary Charan Singh University
(Formerly, Meerut University)
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Sangeeta Shukla
CCS University, Meerut-250001,
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0121-2763539
Fax: 121–2764777
Email: registrar@ccsuniversity.ac.in
Website: www.ccsuniversity.ac.in
Heritage Institute of Hotel &
Tourism
Chairman: Mr. Dilip Kumar Singh
Heritage Knowledge City, 13th KM
Milestone, Bamrauli Katara,
Fatehbad Road, Agra-282006,
UTTAR PRADESH
Mob: 9997995901
Toll Free: 18005323000
Email: info@hihtworld.com
Website: www.hihtworld.com
IIMT University
School Hotel Management
Catering & Tourism
Vice Chancellor: Dr. Deepa Sharma
HOD: Mr. Nirbhay Kumar
IIMT Nagar, ‘O’ Pocket,
Ganga Nagar, Mawana Road,
Meerut-250001,
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0121-2793500, 506, 2793600
Email: mail@iimtindia.net
Website: www.iimtindia.net
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering & Nutritian
Principal: Mr. Rajiv Mehrotra
Seed Farm, Sector G, Aliganj,
Lucknow-226024, UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0522-4077414, 415
Email: ihmlucknow@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmlucknow.com
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition (IHM Meerut)
Director Academics: Prof. Anand Mittal
Campus I:
77th Mile Stone,
Delhi-Dehradun Highway,
NH-58, Daurala,
Meerut- 250 008, UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 9528179224, 7669989896
7500881855; 9917307117
Campus II:
11, R.A. Lines,
Dogra Mandir Road,
The Mall, Meerut Cantt.-250001,
116
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0121-2643590, 2656096, 2643724
Admission Cell / Helpline:
09837111892, 8006001083,
7248555521
Email: info@ihmmeerut.com
Website: www.ihmmeerut.com
Institute of Tourism &
Hotel Management (ITHM)
Principal: Prof. Sunil Kabia
ITHM Administrative Block, Kanpur
Road, P.O. Bundelkhand University,
Jhansi-284128, UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0510-2320307, 2320496
Mob: 09935603908, 09450070947
Email: ithm_bundelkhand-
university@yahoo.com
registrar@buljhansi.ac.in
Website: www.buljhansi.ac.in
JP Institute of Hotel Management
& Catering Technology
Director: Mr. A.P. Rastogi
Rajpura, Mawana Road,
Meerut-250001,
UTTAR PRADESH
Mob: +91-9627994579, +91-
8218470034, +91-9997021508
Email: jpihm@rediffmail.com
info@jpihm.com
Website: www.jpihm.in
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
Rohilkhand University
Vice Chancellor: Prof. K.P. Singh
Pilibhit By Pass Road,
Bareilly-243006, UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0581-2520487
Telefax: 0581-2524232
Email: info@mjpru.ac.in,
registrar@mjpru.ac.in
Website: www.mjpru.ac.in
National Council for Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology
Director: Mr. L. K. Ganguli
A-34, Sector-62, Noida-201309,
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0120-2590603, 608
Toll free: 18001803151
Email: nchmctadmn@gmail.com,
diraf-nchm@nic.in
Website: www.nchm.nic.in
RIG Institute of Hospitality &
Management
Director: Dr. Kamal Piyush
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Jims Engineering Management
Technical Campus,
48/1, Knowledge Park III, Greater
Noida, 201306
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: (+91) 9319 746 311
Fax: 011-43581225
Email: admissions@rignstitute.com
Website: www.rigninstitute.com
Sanskriti Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Mr. R.K. Gupta
28, K.M. Stone, Mathura-Delhi Highway,
NH-2, Chhata, Dist. Mathura,
UTTAR PRADESH-281401
Tel: 09358512345, 09359688847, 48,
07500723300, 07500183300
Email: info@sanskriti.edu.in
Website: www.sanskriti.edu.in
Sunderdeep College of Hotel
Management
Chairman: Mr. Mahendra Aggarwal
Director: Prof. (Dr.) Harveer Singh
NH-9, Delhi-Meerut Expressway,
Dasna, Ghaziabad-201001,
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 7840090806
Toll Free No.: 18008330080
Tel: 07840090806
Fax: 0120-2763050
Email: info@sunderdeep.ac.in,
admission@sunderdeep.ac.in,
director_hmct@sunderdeep.ac.in
Website: www.sunderdeep.ac.in
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Gagan Kapoor
Plot No. 16, Chaudhary Complex,
Opp. Kamayani Hospital, NH-2,
Main Bazar, Sikandra, Agra-282007
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0562-4415151, 9540604424
Email: info@uei-global.com,
gagan.kapoor@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com
UEI Global Education
Deputy Director: Mr. Piyush Chauhan
TC/56-B-V, Behind ICICI Bank,
Near Wave Mall, Vibhuti Khand,
Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226010
UTTAR PRADESH
Tel: 0522-4415151, 9918644999
Email: info@uei-global.com,
piyush.chauhan@uei-global.com
Website: www.uei-global.com

UTTARAKHAND
Amrapali Group of Institutions,
Amrapali Institute of Hotel
Management
Chairman: C.L. Dhingra
CEO: Mr. Sanjay Dhingra
Shiksha Nagar, Kaladhungi Road,
Haldwani-263139, Dist. Nainital,
UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 05946-238201, 02, 03, 04
Mob: 09837302005, 9759670400, 500,
300
Toll Free: 18001804027
Email: admission@amrapali.ac.in
Website: www.amrapali.ac.in
BFIT Group of Institutions
Director: Mr. Aninder Singh Arora
Chakrata Road, Sudhowala,
Dehradun, UTTARAKHAND-248007
Tel: +91-7300900901, +91-
7300900929, 7300900909, 919
Email: info@bfitdoon.com,
admissionbfit@gmail.com
Website: www.bfitdoon.com,
www.bfit.edu.in
Culinary College of Hotel
Management
Director: Mrs. Reena B. Kukshal
Opp. Santosh Nagar, Miyawala
Chowk, Haridwar Road,
Dehradun, UTTARAKHAND-248001
Tel: 9410320693, 91-7055873333
Email: culinaryddn@gmail.com
Website: www.culinarycollege.co.in
Govt. Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Technology & Applied Nutrition
Principal: R.C. Pandey
Patel Nagar, Saharanpur Road,
Dehradun-248001, UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 0135-2728662,
Fax: 0135-2728662
Email: info@gihmdoon.org,
dungihm@rediffmail.com
Website: www.gihmdoon.org
Govt. Institute of Hotel
Management & Catering
Khatyari, Almora-263601,
UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 05962-230539, 254152
Graphic Era Institute of Technology
(Deemed to be University)
Department of Hotel Management
and Hospitality
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
President: Prof. Kamal Ghanshala
566/6, Bell Road, Clemnt Town,
Dehradun-248002, UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 0135-2642799, 264272, 2642727,
2643421, 1800-1800014, 15,
18002701280, Fax: 0135-2644025
Email: admissions@geu.ac.in,
enquiry@geu.ac.in,
enquiry@gehu.ac.in,
Website: www.geu.ac.in
Himalayan Institute of Technology
Chairman: Mr. Ajay Jsola
Near Central Excise office,
Haridwar Road, Dehradun-248001,
UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 0135-2668525, 2668522
Mob: 9411558989, 9411557070,
9607653555
Email: hitdoon@gmail.com
Website: www.hitdoon.com
H.N.B Garhwal University
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Annpurna
Nautiyal
Srinagar-246174, Dist. Garhwal
UTTARAKHAND-246174
Tel: 01346-252143(0),
Fax: 252247
E-mail: registrar.hnbgu@gmail.com,
web.portal@hnbgu.ac.in
Website: www.hnbgu.ac.in
Institute of Hotel Management
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition (IHM Dehradun)
Principal: Mr. Jagdeep Khanna
Near O.N.G.C. Helipad, Nimbuwala
Garhi Cantt., Dehradun-248003,
UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 0135-2550271, 2550272
EPBAX: 9410394200
Email: ihmdehradun@gmail.com
Website: www.ihmddn.com
Kukreja Institute of Hotel
Management and Catering
Technology (KIHMCT)
Director: Mr. Anil Talukdar
Dharampur Chowk, Mata Mandir
Road, Near Railway Crossing,
Ajabpur Khurd, Dehradun-248001,
UTTARAKHAND
Placements: 9760013434,
9760013535
Admissions : 9411170000,
9410555555
Email: admission@kukrejainstitute.com,
kukrejainstitute@yahoo.com
Website: www.kukrejainstitute.in
Ram Institute of Hotel Management
& Catering Technology
Founder - Mr. Sachin garg
432 Niranjanpur, Saharanpur Road,
Dehradun-248001, UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 7055547000
Email: info@raminstitute.in
Website: www.raminstitute.in
Institute of Media, Management
Technology & Agro Sciences,
Dehradun
Chairman: Mr. D.C. Bansal
Campus 1: 9-Old Survey Road,
Dilaram Bazar, off Rajpur Road,
Dehradun-248001
UTTARAKHAND
Tel: 0135-3242627, Mob: 9258041588
Campus 2: Rajawala Road, Selaqui
Dehradun
Tel: 9258041588, 925041587,
9897341086, 9897404422
Email: info@immtdoon.com
Website: www.immtdoon.com
Uttarakhand Open University
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Om Prakash
singh Negi
Behnid Transport Nagar, Vishwavidalaya
Marg, Haldwani (Nainital)-263139
Tel: 05946-286000, 05946-286002
UTTARAKHAND
Email : dehradun@uou.ac.in
Website: uou.ac.in
WEST BENGAL
Dolphin School of Hotel
Management
Director: Mr. Abhijit Mondal
Balindi, No. 7 Mouja, Haringhata,
Near Kalyani More, Nadia,
WEST BENGAL-741246
Tel: 03473-279196,
Mob: 7797188188, 7797433533
Email: dolphin.kalyani@gmail.com,
info@dshmindia.com
Website: www.dshmindia.com
Durgapur Society of Management
Science (DSMS)
(The Premier College in Eastern
India)
Chairman: Mr. Anupam Mukherjee
Dr. Zakir Hussain Avenue,
Bidhannagar, Durgapur-713206,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 0343-2536993
Mob: 9932077701
Email: info@dsmsindia.com
Website: www.dsmsindia.org
117
Golden Regency Institute of
Hospitality Management
Chairman: Mr. Bhupender Gujrral
Hotel Golden Retreat
Debhog, City Centre, Haldia,
Distt. East Midnapore-721657,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 03224-252020, 252688
Mob: 09007431320, 09831780943
Email: grinfo@goldenregency.net,
gr@goldenregency.net,
Website: www.goldenregency.net
Gandhi Academy of Management
Studies
Director: Ms. Sarbani Das Mitra
BE-18, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700064,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 033-23584582, 65149832,
09830227324
Email: gams04@vsnl.net
Website: www.gamsindia.com
Guru Nanak Institute of Hotel
Management (GNIHM)
Guru Nanak Institute of Hotel
Management (GNIHM)
Principal-in-charge: Mr. Jayanta
Ghosh
157/F, Nilgunj Road, Panihati,
Near Sodepur Railway Station,
Kolkata-700114, WEST BENGAL
Tel: 033-25231246, 09836106964,
7980574345, 9330906151
9330906150
Fax : 033-25231246
Email: info@gnihm.ac.in
Website: www.gnihm.ac.in
Institute of Advanced
Management
Hotel Management College
Chairman: Dr. Suborno Bose
Director: Mrs. M. Chaudhuri
AN 1, Nayapatti,
Salt Lake City, Sector-V, Kolkata-
700102, WEST BENGAL
Tel: 033-23679347, 23674645,
9903070000, 9831259410,
9831259411
Email: admin@iam.ac.in,
director@iam.ac.in
Website: www.iamhotelschool.ac.in
IIAS Group of Institutions
Chairman: Mr. Abhijit De
Suite 211, PS-IXL Building,
Near Chinar Park,
Major Arterial Road,
118
Rajarghat, New Town, Kolkata-700136
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 033-46004018, 9674744806
Email: iias.kolkata@iias.org.in
Website: www.iias.org.in
Kotibarsha Institute of Technology
& Management
Chairman & Director: Mr. Surajit Ghosh
KITM College Campus,
Panjaripara (Near Buniadpur),
P.O. Sudarshan Nagar,
Near(Buniadpur), Dist-
Dakshin Dinajpur
Dist. Dakshin Dinajpur-733121,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 03524-200049, 9679993960,
9002318455
KITM Help Desk: 09734018434
Email: info@kitm.net.in,
director@kitm.net.in
Website: www.kitm.net.in
Institute of Hotel Management
(IHM Kolkata)
Catering Technology & Applied
Nutrition
An Autonomous body under
Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of
India
Principal in-charge : Mr. Ashok
Kumar Prasad
P-16, Taratala Road,
Kolkata-700088, WEST BENGAL
Email: principal@ihmkol.org
Admission: admission@ihmkol.org
Website: www.ihmkol.org
Intagram: @ihm_kolkata
Twitter : @ihmkolkata
Facebook: ihmtaratala
International Institute of
Hotel Management
Chairman : Dr. Subormo Bose
Director: Mrs. Sanjukta Bose
IIHM GLOBAL CAMPUS
KOLKATA
X-1, 8/3, Sector 5, Salt Lake,
Electronic Complex,
Kolkata-700091,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 033-23577663-64, 9831259414,
13, 16, 17, 18
Email: admin@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in
NIPS School of Hotel Management
Founder Managing Director: Mr. Vivek
Pathak
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
297, Sector-V, Salt Lake city,
Kolkata-700102, WEST BENGAL
Tel: 063-66782382
Email: admission@nipsgroup.in
Website: www.nipsgroup.in
NSHM Knowledge campus
Managing Trustee: Mr. Cecil Antony
Co-founder & Director : Mr. Arnab Roy
Arrah, Shibtala Via Muchipara,
Durgapur-713212,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 0343-2533813, 14, 09933049448
Email: contactus@nshm.com
Website: www.nshm.com
Subhas Bose Institute of
Hotel Management
Afficiated by Maulan Abul Kalam
Azad University of Technology,
Govt. of West Bengal
Director: Mr. Raza Gazi
Newtown, Action Area -1, Jatragachi,
Kolkata-700157,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 9830012536
Email: sbihmadmission@sbihm.com
Website: www.sbihm.in
University of Engineering &
Management
Department of Hotel &
Hospitality Management
Chancellor: Prof. Satyajit Chakrabarti
University Area,
Action Area III, Plot No. B/5,
Newtown, Kolkata-700160,
WEST BENGAL
Tel: 8010700500, 033-23572995, 059
Email: admissions@iemcal.com
Website: www.uem.edu.in
IIHM Bangkok
IIHM at KBU,
Romklao Campus,
Minburi, 60 Romklao Road,
Bangkok Minburi-10510
Tel: 0948964729
Website: www.iihmbangkok.com
IIHM Samarkand
Samarkand Institute Of Economics
And Service
9 Amir Temur Street,
Samarkand – 140100
Uzbekistan.
E-mail: admin.samarkand@iihm.ac.in
Website: www.iihm.ac.in

Top-notch Hotels Of India
(Continued from page 102)
West End in Bengaluru; Taj Fort Aguada Resort in Goa; Taj
Connemara in Chennai and Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Mumbai,
etc. The company has 21 Subsidiaries, 8 Joint Ventures with 6
Associate Companies.
2. ITC Hotels
With over 115 hotels in 80 destinations across six distinct
brands, ITC’s hotel group integrates India’s renowned tradition
ITC Maurya, New Delhi
of hospitality and warmth, with globally benchmarked facilities
& services. Launched in 1975, ITC Hotels, India’s premier chain
of luxury hotels, has become synonymous with Indian
hospitality. More than 100 of the ITC hotel chain’s lodging
establishments in India are 5-star luxuries. Some salient ITC
hotels include: ITC Gardenia, Bengaluru; ITC Grand Central,
Mumbai; ITC Sonar, Kolkata; ITC Grand Bharat, Gurugram;
ITC Maurya, New Delhi, etc. Through its names Welcome
Heritage Hotels and Fortune Hotels, both of which are
sub-brands of one another, it also owns and manages other
top-notch properties and 4-star lodges across India.
3. Oberoi Group (EIH Ltd.)
The Oberoi Group owns and operates EIH Ltd. This
company also includes services like restaurant management,
airline catering, travel and tour services, airport bars, car rentals,
and so on. It has 33 hotels and resorts with 4,935 rooms in seven
countries. The key hotels of this group include: The Oberoi
Grand, Kolkata; The Oberoi Amarvilas, Agra; The Oberoi
Rajvilas, Jaipur; The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur; and The
Oberoi—Bengaluru, Gurugram, New Delhi and Mumbai. The
The Oberoi Hotel, New Delhi
120
luxury hotels operated by this hotel group in India also include a
few other properties under the Trident brand.
4. Hyatt Hotels & Resorts
A leading hotel chain in India, Hyatt operates 7,531 rooms
spread across 34 hotels in the country. The major hotels of this
Group include: Park Hyatt Hyderabad; Hyatt Regency Amritsar;
Hyatt Regency Dharamshala; Grand Hyatt Goa and Park Hyatt
Chennai. Headquartered in Chicago, Hyatt is one of the top
Grand Hyatt, Mumbai
products in the hotel industry. Hyatt Luxury Resorts & Hotels
opened a five-star hotel in New Delhi under the name Hyatt
Regency Delhi. Hyatt was founded by Jay Pritzker in 1957 when
he purchased the Hyatt House motel adjacent to the Los
Angeles International Airport. On December 31, 2004,
substantially all of the hospitality assets owned by Pritzker
family business interests, including Hyatt Corporation and
Hyatt International Corporation, were consolidated under a
single entity, now Hyatt Hotels Corporation.
5. J.W. Mariott (Chalet Hotels)
Chalet Hotels Ltd., which was incorporated on January 6,
1986, is one of the leaders in hospitality industry, with the name
'Kenwood Hotels Private Limited' which was later converted
J.W. Mariott, Kolkata
into a public limited company. The company is involved in
the business of hospitality, commercial and retail operations,
and real estate development. According to the company's
website as on February 2, 2023, its portfolio comprises seven
fully operational hotels, including JW Marriott Mumbai, JW
Marriott, New Delhi Aerocity; JW Marriott, Kolkata; JW
Marriott Sahar, Mumbai; JW Marriott Juhu, Mumbai and The
Ritz-Carlton, Pune, representing 2,554 keys, across mainstream
and luxury segments, and four commercial spaces.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 6. The Leela Group (HLV Ltd.)
Hotel Leela Venture Ltd. (HLV) is one of the largest luxury
hotel chains in India. The company owns, operates, and
manages palaces, hotels, and resorts. The Leela Palaces and
The Leela Palace, New Delhi
Resorts has a chain of 5-star resorts and luxury hotels
across India. The Leela Palaces, Hotels and Resorts, commonly
known as The Leela, is an Indian luxury hotel chain. The
company, known as 'Leela Palaces, Hotels and Resorts,' was
founded in 1986 by C. P. Krishnan Nair and owned by
Brookfield Asset Management. Currently, The Leela is a group
of eleven luxury palaces and hotels. The company has some of
the best-in-class properties that include The Leela Kempinski in
Mumbai, The Leela Palace in Goa, The Leela Palace Kempinski
in Bengaluru and The Leela Kovalam in Kerala.
7. Radisson
The Group continues to command a leading presence in the
Indian market. It is one of the country’s largest international
hotel operators, with over 150 hotels in operation and
development across 60+ locations. Radisson Hotel Group is the
Radison Blu, Jaipur
largest hotel operator in tier-1 markets like Delhi National
Capital Region. The major hotels of this group in India include:
Radisson Gurugram; Radisson Blu Plaza Delhi Airport;
Radisson Golf Resort Pahalgam; Radisson Kufri and The Oasis,
Mussoorie. It is an American international hospitality
organisation. The Brand was founded in 1994. In 1960, the first
Radisson hotel was opened in Denmark. The Radisson is
frequently cited to be the first hotel anywhere in the world to
employ a designer aesthetic. The Group has 50% of its portfolio
serving in the tier-2 and tier-3 markets.
122
8. The LaLit
Headquartered in New Delhi, the company opened its first
hotel here in 1988 under the dynamic leadership of Founder
Chairman Lalit Suri. The company offers twelve luxury hotels,
The Lalit, Jaipur
palaces & resorts and two mid market segment hotels under
The LaLiT Traveller brand offering 2,261 rooms. Besides in
New Delhi, the other top hotels of the Group include: The
LaLit Ashok Bengaluru; The LaLit Great Eastern Kolkata; The
LaLit Grand Palace Sri Nagar; The LaLit Temple View
Khajuraho and The LaLit Laxmi Vilas Palace Udaipur.
All hotels within the group are operated under the brand
The Grand—Hotels, Palaces & Resorts.
9. Le Meridien (Mac Charles India Ltd.)
The Le Meridien Group has over 110 hotels and resorts in
more than 30 countries with 29,439 rooms. In India, the Group
currently has a presence with 11 hotels, including at
Le Meridien, New Delhi
Ahmedabad, Cochin, Jaipur, New Delhi, Coimbatore, Chennai,
Bengaluru and Kochi. Incorporated in the year 1979, Mac
Charles India Ltd. is based in Bengaluru. The company in India
established its hotel in collaboration with Holiday Inn. The
company is listed in both NSE and BSE.
10. Lemon Tree Hotels Ltd.
The Lemon Tree hotel chain owns and operates 87 hotels
with more than 8,350 rooms in 52 cities across India—
including Ghaziabad, Indore, Bhiwadi, Goa, New Delhi,
Ahmedabad, Alwar, Chennai, Jammu and Gangtok, etc. One
of the leading hotel and hospitality companies of India,
Lemon Tree Hotels Ltd. was incorporated on June 2, 1992.
The company is one of the fastest developing hospitality entities
in the country.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
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 ENGLISH
SPOTTING ERRORS (c) Very successful COMPREHENSION
Directions: Each item in this (d) Being defeated Directions : In this section you
section has a sentence with three 12. Ways and means have two short passages. After each
parts labelled as (a), (b) and (c). (a) A technique passage, you will find some items
Read each sentence to find out (b) Methods of achieving something based on the passage. Read the
whether there is any error in any part (c) Norms and regulations of doing passages and answer the items based
and choose your response against the something on them. You are required to select
corresponding letter i.e., (a) or (b) (d) Improving one’s way of doing your answers based on the content
or (c). If you find no error, your 13. Up in arms
of the passage and opinion of the
response should be marked as (d). (a) Very happy (b) Very satisfied
(c) Very angry (d) Feeling fine author only.
1. He had been doing (a) / the job
of a physician (b) / during the 14. Big ticket
1990s. (c) / No error (d). (a) Very less (b) Very costly Passage - I
(c) Very easy (d) Not much Conventional education makes
2. He said (a) / that he preferred
15. Bolt from the blue independent thinking extremely difficult.
(b) / coffee than tea. (c) / No error (d).
(a) An event or piece of news which Conformity leads to mediocrity. To be
3. All that (a) / glitters (b) / are not different from the group or to resist
gold. (c) / No error (d). is unexpected
(b) Desirable event or news environment is not easy and is often
4. A species is considered (a) / risky as long as we worship success. The
endangered when it is (b) / in a very (c) An event which takes place as
urge to be successful, which is the
high risk of extinction in the world. (c) / planned pursuit of reward whether in the
No error (d). (d) News which has been long materials or in the so-called spiritual
5. Our greatest glory (a) / is not in expected, but arrives late sphere, the search for inward or outward
never falling (b) / but in rising everytime 16. Be a law unto yourself security, the desire for comfort—this
we fell. (c) / No error (d). (a) Behave unconventional and whole process smothers discontent, put
6. Language is (a) / an essential unpredictable an end to spontaneity and breed fear;
modes of communication (b) / and (b) Abide by law and order and fear blocks the intelligent
every language matters in (c) Ask others to follow the law understanding of life. With increasing
communication. (c) / No error (d). (d) Create law and order for others age, dullness of mind and heart sets in.
7. The matter was been resolved 17. Spiff up In seeking comfort, we generally find
(a) / after long deliberations (b) / among (a) To make oneself neat a quiet corner in life where there is a
the members of the team. (c) / No (b) To make oneself look untidy minimum of conflict, and then we are
error (d). (c) To make oneself look arrogant afraid to step out of that seclusion. This
8. Care has been taken (a) / to (d) To appear on the stage as a fear of life, this fear of struggle and of
ensure safety and security (b) / of baboon a new experience, kills in us the spirit
the participants in the event. (c) / 18. Run wild of adventure; our whole upbringing and
No error (d). (a) To run like a wild animal education have made us afraid to be
9. Indian film industry (a) / is (b) To treat anyone like a wild different from our neighbour, afraid to
considered to be (b) / one of the creature think contrary to the established pattern
symbol of cultural and social life. (c) / (c) To feel like a wild animal of society, falsely respectful of authority
No error (d). (d) To grow without any control and tradition.
10. It is still true (a) / that the Indian 19. Wind down Fortunately, there are a few who are
economy (b) / is dependent on (a) To relax after a period of activity in earnest, who are willing to examine
monsoon. (c) / No error (d). (b) To act furiously after a period of our human problems without the
silence prejudice of the right or of the left; but
IDIOMS AND PHRASES (c) To speak out the truth to people in the vast majority of us, there is no
Directions: Given below are some (d) To act on the ground real spirit of discontent, or revolt. When
idioms / phrases followed by four 20. Mellow out we yield uncomprehendingly to
alternative meanings to each. Choose (a) To feel bad about other’s environment, any spirit of revolt that
enjoyment may have had died down, and our
the response (a), (b), (c) or (d) which responsibilities soon put an end to it.
(b) To like and dislike people
is the most appropriate expression 21. Why does conventional education
concurrently
and mark your answer accordingly. (c) To enjoy oneself without doing make independent thinking extremely
11. Be in eclipse much difficult?
(a) Less successful (d) To work hard and doing much (a) It does not encourage
(b) Feeling happy work disagreement
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 163
 (b) It does not accept conformity
(c) It is not fact based, but problem
based
(d) It is only religious education
22. Worshipping success leads to
(a) questioning the established
practices
(b) accepting the established practices
(c) modifying the established
practices
(d) neither accepting nor rejecting the
established practices
23. Why do most people want to find
a quiet corner in life?
(a) Because they do not like to be in
peace
(b) Because they seek pleasure
(c) Because they seek comfort
(d) Because they do not worship
success
24. Which word in the passage means
‘bias’?
(a) contrary
(b) prejudice
(c) uncomprehendingly
(d) discontent
25. The word “uncomprehendingly”
in the passage means
(a) Achieve success
(b) Earning money
(c) Without knowing
(d) With complete knowledge
Passage - II
Noise is a common problem in both
urban and rural areas, traffic noise in
particular. Trees and shrubs are not only
visually attractive but also can make
effective noise barriers. Therefore when
space permits we have to plant more
trees and shrubs in areas where there is
noise problem. By doing this noise can
be reduced by six decibels over a
distance of 30 metres.
The only thing we have to keep in
mind is that the planting should be
particularly dense; the trees which have
dense foliage and relatively vertical
orientation of arrangements should be
planted. It will completely screen the
source of noise. If there is any gap in
barrier it will still allow noise to penetrate.
Single layer of trees is worthless as a
noise barrier. Due to inter-reflection,
multi-rows of trees are more effective.
The planted trees must be taller. We can
reduce noise level by 1-5 decibels with
each additional 3 feet of tree height.
When the opportunity to use trees is
restricted a combination of shrubs and
tall grass can be used. Instead of tarmac
or gravel surfaces soft grass ground cover
164
is preferable. It will absorb noise rather
than reflect it. Rows of trees, shrubs,
crotons, ground covering plants, climbers
and their flowers not only reduce noise
and provide a beautiful backyard they
also help block wind, provide shade, and
absorb traffic pollution.
26. What distance a good number of
trees can cover in reducing noise?
(a) 30 metres
(b) 60 metres
(c) 3 metres
(d) 300 metres
27. Trees can reduce noise only when
(a) planted in isolation
(b) planted with flowering shrubs
(c) they are planted dense
(d) planted with shorter ones
28. ‘Single layer of trees is worthless
as a noise barrier.’ Why?
(a) Noise can’t penetrate easily
(b) Help in the growth of shrubs
(c) Noise is sent back to the source
(d) Noise can penetrate easily
29. Higher the trees
(a) higher the noise
(b) lower the noise
(c) greater the decibels
(d) thinner the air
30. How do shrubs and tall grass
reduce noise?
(a) They absorb noise
(b) They reflect noise
(c) they divert noise
(d) They are neutral to noise
ORDERING OF WORDS IN A
SENTENCE
Directions: Each of the following
items in this section consists of a
sentence, parts of which have been
jumbled. These parts have been
labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given
below each sentence ar e four
sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and
(d). You are required to re-arrange
the jumbled parts of the sentence
and choose your r esponse
accordingly.
31. consideration for others (P) / for
self-gratification (Q) / freedom does not
mean the opportunity (R) / or the
setting aside of (S)
(a) SPQR (b) QSPR
(c) RPQS (d) RQSP
32. of any kind (P) / to freedom and
intelligence (Q) / domination or
compulsion (R) / is a direct hindrance
(S)
(a) RPSQ (b) RQPS
(c) SPQR (d) QRSP
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
33. enough potassium, (P) / banana
provides (Q) / from various sugars (R)
/ and sustained energy (S)
(a) PQRS (b) RSQP
(c) SQRP (d) QPSR
34. of great trouble (P) / this is a
time (Q) / the world to the maximum
(R) as one virus threatens (S)
(a) PQSR (b) RSPQ
(c) SRQP (d) QPSR
35. are of the opinion (P) / some
archaeologists (Q) / and that everybody
enjoyed equal status (R) / that Harappan
society had no rulers, (S)
(a) SPQR (b) QSRP
(c) QPSR (d) RPSQ
36. in the same locality (P) / marriage
within a unit (Q) / endogamy refers to
(R) / or a group living (S)
(a) QRSP (b) RSPQ
(c) QPSR (d) RQSP
37. when steam engines (P) /
dominated industrialisation (Q) / coal
was the main source (R) of energy in
the initial stages, (S)
(a) SPRQ (b) RSPQ
(c) PQRS (d) QRSP
38. from the scientists? (P)/ is the
information (Q) / that comes (R) / how
important (S)
(a) QSPR (b) QRSP
(c) SQRP (d) SPQR
39. brought on by destr uctive
pests (P) / humans have suffered (Q) /
frustration and food losses (R) / since
earliest times, (S)
(a) SPQR (b) QRSP
(c) SQRP (d) RSQP
40. most spectacular gold coins (P) /
some of the (Q) / the Gupta rulers in
India (R) / were issued by (S)
(a) RSPQ (b) QPSR
(c) PQRS (d) SPQR
ORDERING OF SENTENCES
Directions: In this section, each
item consists of six sentences of a
passage. The first and the sixth
sentences are given in the beginning
as S1 and S6. The middle four
sentences in each have been jumbled
up and labelled as P, Q, R and S.
You are required to find the proper
sequence of the four sentences and
select your response accordingly.
41.
S1 : Man has progressed with science
and technology.
S6 : What was difficult and
impossible is now easy and
possible.
P : He is on the road to conquer
other planets.
 Q : Now with scientific knowledge
and technical know-how he has
done what was impossible.
R : Hitherto he had been backward.
S : He has reached the moon.
The correct sequence should be
(a) S R Q P (b) R P Q S
(c) R Q S P (d) Q R S P
42.
S1 : We drink more water during
summers.
S6 : There are variations in weather
conditions during different
seasons.
P : On the other hand in north-
eastern states, winters are mild
except in the hills.
Q : Because in North India, both
the seasons have extreme
weather conditions.
R : School clothes during the
summer is different from the
winter.
S : Why do you wear lighter clothes
during summers and heavy
woollen clothes during the
winter in north India?
The correct sequence should be
(a) S R P Q (b) R S Q P
(c) P Q R S (d) Q P R S
43.
S1 : Policy, like many other terms, is
a complex concept.
S6 : Public policy is the outcome of
the struggle between government
and powerful groups.
P : It is for m of government
control usually expresed in a law,
a legislation, a regulation or an
order.
Q : Public policy is what a
government chooses as guidance
for action.
R : A policy may be general or
specific, broad or narrow, simple
or complex, public or private,
written or unwritten.
S : It takes different forms.
The correct sequence should be
(a) S R Q P (b) S Q P R
(c) R S P Q (d) P Q R S
44.
S1 : The dhoti kurta is a traditional
lungi-type garment worn by men
in India.
S6 : Gandhiji usually wore a simple
shawl with his dhoti.
P : It is commonly worn with a
loose long tunic.
Q : This he started wearing after he
abandoned his western attire of
pants and shirt.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
R : A dhoti, made of homespun
khadi cotton cloth, was the
garment favoured by Gandhiji.
S : The dhoti is rectangular piece of
unstitched cloth, around five
yards long, wrapped around the
midriff and tucked between the
legs.
The correct sequence should be
(a) P S R Q (b) R S P Q
(c) S P R Q (d) Q R S P
45.
S1 : Languages in contact with each
other cause change.
S6 : Changes often occur first in
informal and casual language.
P : The increasing use of English in
many parts of the world affect
both local languages and English.
Q : Language contact has long been
recognised as a major engine of
change.
R : This gives rise to new, hybrid
language varieties.
S : A historical example is that of
Danish and English which led
to a major shift in the
vocabulary and grammar of
English.
The correct sequence should be
(a) RSQP (b) QSPR
(c) QRSP (d) SQRP
46.
S1 : Urbanisation in India has
become an important and
irreversible process.
S6 : As per the Census of India
2011, the urban population is
increasing rapidly.
P : The 2030 development agenda
of the United Nations has
emphasised the role of
sustainable cities for making
cities inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable.
Q : This shows that India is in the
midst of transition from a
predominantly rural to a quasi-
urban society.
R : The process of urbanisation has
been characterised by a dramatic
increase in the number of large
cities.
S : It is an important determinant
of national economic growth
and poverty reduction.
The correct sequence should be
(a) QRSP (b) PSRQ
(c) SRQP (d) RQSP
47.
S1 : Ethics is a branch of philosophy
concerned with the distinction
between right and wrong
(morals) and the ultimate worth
of actions or things (values).
S6 : But values can be either inherent
or conferred.
P : For many philosophers, only
humans are moral agents, being
capable of acting morally or
immorally.
Q : Environmental ethics asks about
the moral relationships between
humans and the world around
us.
R : Ethics evaluated the relationship,
rules, principles or codes that
require or forbid certain
conduct.
S : Value is a measure of the worth
of something.
The correct sequence should be
(a) RQPS (b) PQSR
(c) QSRP (d) RSPQ
48.
S1 : The Constitution of India,
introduced on 26 January 1950,
laid down certain basic
principles and values.
S6 : The Constitution guaranteed all
citizens equality before the law
and equality of opportunity in
government employment.
P : It was also to be a federation
with demarcation of spheres of
action between the Union
Government and the State
Governments.
Q : India was to be a secular and
democratic republic with a
parliamentary system based on
adult franchise.
R : These include : freedom of
speech and expression, freedom
to assemble peacefully, etc.
S : It guaranteed all Indian citizens
certain fundamental rights.
The correct sequence should be
(a) QPSR (b) RSPQ
(c) PSQR (d) SQRP
49.
S1 : The National Health Policy 2017
envisages creation of a digital
health technology eco-system.
S6 : Secondly, offering financial
protection up to Rs. 5 lakh per
year per family for the deprived
10 crore plus households.
P : Ayushman Bharat comprising
twin missions is set to transform
the nation’s health system.
Q : This will also foster a linkage
across public and private
healthcare.
R : The policy aims at developing
an integrated health information
system that serves the need of
all stakeholders and improves
efficiency, transparency.
165
 S : This will be carried out by (c) met (b) meaningless
operationalising firstly 1.5 lakh (d) has met (c) reasonable
health and wellness centres 54. The portrait of the lady conveys (d) thoughtful
offering preventive and primary _____ it appears. 63. Relatives of deceased have been
care. (a) the best informed about the accident.
The correct sequence should be (b) more than (a) injured
(a) QSRP (b) QRSP (c) the most (b) alive
(c) RQPS (d) SPRQ (d) nothing (c) dead
50. 55. A biography is _____ person’s life (d) survived
S1 : Ecology, history and geography history. 64. At last she was able to get some
determine the distribution of (a) about a (b) about solace as the matter has been resolved
organisms. (c) for a (d) with a amicably.
S6 : Others prefer to interpret bio- 56. She told me that she ____ her (a) comfort
geographical history through degree by 2023. (b) relief
vicariance (range-splitting) (a) will have completed (c) punishment
events. (b) shall be completed (d) aggravation
P : Some historical biogeographers (c) will completed 65. Twenty-first century has turned
are interested in finding centre- (d) would have completed out to be a century of problems contrary
of-origins. 57. What is the name of the person to the thinking that it would be a better
Q : Most species distributions result _____ daughter married your cousin last time.
from a combination of all these year. (a) similar
factors. (a) whose (b) who (b) different
R : But biogeographers tend to (c) whom (d) with (c) divergent
specialise in ecological aspects 58. The world is changing _____ that (d) good faith
(ecological biography or the rich become richer and the poor 66. The poet said that poetry is a
historical aspects). become poorer. spontaneous overflow of powerful
S : Ecological biogeographers are (a) through feelings.
interested in the effects of (b) in many way (a) prepared
environmental factors. (c) in a way (b) alerted
The correct sequence should be (d) in such a way (c) deliberate
(a) QRSP (b) RQPS 59. Had I been informed beforehand, (d) well executed
(c) PQRS (d) SPRQ I ______ it to the celebrations. 67. Language is an instrument for
(a) could have made asserting one’s identity, attitude and
FILL IN THE BLANKS (b) will have made perspective.
(a) declaring
Directions : Each of the following (c) would have
(b) supporting
sentences in this section has a blank (d) ought to have made
(c) denying
space and four words or group of 60. Indian perspective of life informs
(d) propagating
words are given after the sentence. that leading a life of greed ________
68. He has been exonerated as he
Select the most appropriate word or in unhappiness.
tendered an apology.
group of words for the blank space (a) will lead (a) honoured
and choose your r esponse (b) shall be (b) pardoned
accordingly. (c) will result (c) convicted
51. He said that he ______ when he (d) would resulted (d) felicitated
lost all his investment in the stock 69. Persuasion is essential for people
market. ANTONYMS to work as a team.
(a) was broken Directions: Each item in this (a) Dislike
(b) was broke section consists of a sentence with (b) Discouraging
(c) brake an underlined word followed by four (c) Convincing
(d) had been collapse words or group of words. Select the (d) Deter
52. The man in black thought that he option that is opposite in meaning 70. Every habitat has some distinctive
was _______ selected for the team to to the underlined word and select vegetation which defines the eco-system.
play at the national level. your response accordingly. (a) unique
(a) one of the player 61. His arguments are not valid. (b) common
(b) one of the players People consider it bombastic. (c) special
(c) is one player (a) outdated (d) unfamiliar
(d) the player of the team (b) straight forward
53. When she ____ her friend after a (c) verbose CLOZE COMPOSITION
period of two decades her throat (d) not true Directions: Each of the following
choked. 62. The decision was absurd for many sentences in this section has a blank
(a) meets of the members of the team. space with four words or group of
(b) had been meeting (a) bizarre words given. Select whichever word
166 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
or group of words you consider the to the underlined word and choose (c) unruly
most appropriate for the blank space your response accordingly. (d) supportive
and select your response accordignly. 81. Having got excited she opened up
It sounds like ......(71)...... great idea. the Pandora’s box which led to lot of PARTS OF SPEECH
People getting instantly excited when commotion. Directions: Each of the following
they hear ......(72)...... phrased (a) uproar sentences has a word or pharse
‘education for Peace’ or the title of a (b) peace under lined. Read the sentences
course that calls itself ‘peace Education’. (c) sound carefully and find which part of
About a decade ago, I proposed such (d) furious speech the under lined word is.
......(73)...... course in my institute. The 82. The inherent danger in the Choose your response accordingly.
idea of a course ......(74)...... ‘Peace problem is that it would lead to many 91. The preacher said, “No one is
Education’ had occurred to me on the more problems. above the all powerful”.
way back from one of the neighbouring (a) outward (a) Adverb
countries where I met students of Class (b) difficult (b) Place value
(c) hallow
IX. I could not find ......(75)...... (c) Preposition
(d) inbuilt
difference ......(76)...... Indian students (d) Verb
83. The officer was reprimanded by
and their counterparts in the other the court for delaying the case. 92. The most beautiful seven
country on peace ......(77)...... living (a) admonished monkeys of the landlord were taken for
together. It made me think that if one (b) appreciated a stroll.
learns to live with a conflict, life grows (c) praised (a) Object
across it like grass ......(78)...... trees. (d) disliked (b) Adjective
The arguments and stances children took 84. Some people think that their (c) Noun phrase
demonstrated ......(79)...... peace comes strength is perpetual. (d) Noun
from under-standing a conflict well, not (a) temporary 93. Alas! He has been defeated.
necessarily ......(80)...... solving it. (b) powerful (a) Adjective
71. (c) ever lasting (b) Adverb
(a) a (b) an (d) all persuasive (c) Interjection
(c) the (d) some 85. One’s actions exemplify one’s (d) Conjunction
72. attitude and values. 94. The man who is in the green shift
(a) a (b) the (a) devise is the chief of the day.
(c) that (d) some (b) sympathise (a) Pronoun
73. (c) asks for (b) Relative noun
(a) any (b) the (d) demonstrate (c) Demonstrative pronouns
(c) some (d) a 86. The crux of the issue was that (d) Assertive noun
74. there was no evidence to prove the 95. He has been living in the jungle
(a) to (b) in accused guilty of the act. for long and he knows all the animals
(c) for (d) on (a) core here.
75. (b) part (a) Subordinating conjunction
(a) any (b) the (c) idea (b) Coordinating conjunction
(c) that (d) this (d) tip (c) Preposition
76. 87. Each child develops his/her (d) Personal pronoun
competency based on the contexts and 96. They have been driving since early
(a) with (b) between
the inputs for learning. morning.
(c) among (d) to (a) capability
77. (a) Adjective (b) Adverb
(b) thinking
(a) with (b) and (c) Noun (d) Comparison
(c) knowledge
(c) because (d) but 97. This time we woke up to the virus
(d) ideal
78. 88. He appears to be very haughty, related diseases.
(a) or (b) with but he is a humble person. (a) Demonstrative
(c) for (d) some (a) tough (b) Article
79. (b) modest (c) Adverb
(a) for (b) but (c) arrogant (d) Noun phrase
(c) that (d) when (d) knowledgeable 98. Love your neighbour as thyself.
80. 89. The newly appointed secretary is (a) Noun
(a) by (b) with industrious. (b) Pronoun
(c) to (d) for (a) diligent (c) Preposition
(b) knowledgeable (d) Adjective
SYNONYMS (c) indolent 99. Ravi won the match with a huge
Directions: Each item in this (d) insincere margin.
section consists of a sentence with 90. The indignant attitude of the (a) Intransitive verb
an underlined word(s) followed by speaker made the groups unhappy. (b) Transitive verb
four words/group of words. Select (a) resentful (c) Demonstrative verb
the option that is nearest in meaning (b) congenial (d) Adjective
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 167
 100. There was an exultation in the (c) because you need (a) an
group. (d) although you want (b) the
(a) Adjective 109. If you had planned the work well (c) a
(b) Adverb (a) you shall have completed it on (d) some
(c) Adjectival Noun time 117. I will take care ____ myself. You
(d) Noun (b) you could complete it on time don’t bother about me.
(c) you will complete it on time (a) of
COMPLETION OF SENTENCES (d) you could have completed it on (b) about
Directions: Following items have time (c) for
one part of the sentence followed by 110. You can use my computer (d) off
four alter natives. Complete the (a) as long as you can’t use any 118. She is considered _______
sentences by choosing the correct external drive nightingale of the college for her
alternative. (b) as long as you used any external melodious voice.
101. Sheela has been at the receiving drive (a) a
end (c) as long as you do not use any (b) an
(a) but she is very honest external drive (c) some
(b) and she is very honest (d) as long as you shall use any (d) the
external drive 119. The room is a bit dark. Could
(c) she had been proud of it
you please turn _____ the light?
(d) she was fine with it
PREPOSITION AND (a) on
102. Elam has no other option (b) in
DETERMINERS
(a) unless he wins (c) off
Directions : Each of the following
(b) but to accept the challenge (d) away
sentences in this section has a blank
(c) though he has won challenge space with four options. Select 120. Don’t walk so fast! I can’t keep
(d) he has to accept the challenge whichever preposition or determiner ____ with you.
103. Although the group has been you consider the most appropriate for (a) in
acquitted the blank space and select your (b) up to
(a) they are under the watch of police response accordingly. (c) up
(b) they are free to do anything 111. Don’t go _____ the wind, you (d) on
(c) there is no suspicion in them will face the music later.
(d) they have not been arrested
ANSWERS
(a) with
104. Unless you fulfil the essential (b) for 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c)
qualifications (c) about 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d)
(a) you will be called for the interview (d) between 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (b)
(b) you shall be selected for the post 112. He has been considered _____ 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a)
(c) you will not be called for the honest contestant in the competition? 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c)
interview (a) an 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (b)
(d) you can’t be rejected (b) a 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (d)
105. The company’s bid for the (c) the 29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (d) 32. (a)
contract is rejected (d) one 33. (d) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (d)
(a) since it filled all the conditions 113. Don’t read _____ the lines. Read 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (b)
(b) for the company fulfilled the the lines. 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (c)
conditions (a) in 45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (a)
(c) for the company had not been in (b) between 49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (a) 52. (b)
the goodwill list (c) on 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (a) 56. (d)
(d) since the deposit in the account is (d) by 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (a) 60. (c)
found less than required 114. The village possesses ____ scenic 61. (b) 62. (c) 63. (b) 64. (d)
beauty. 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (c)
106. I could not sleep
(a) some 69. (b) 70. (b) 71. (a) 72. (b)
(a) because being very tired
(b) a 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (a) 76. (b)
(b) despite being very tired
(c) an 77. (b) 78. (a) 79. (c) 80. (a)
(c) in spite of being sleepless
(d) the 81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (a) 84. (c)
(d) since being very tired 115. He is all out to blame everyone 85. (d) 86. (a) 87. (a) 88. (c)
107. She married him _____ his mistakes. 89. (a) 90. (a) 91. (c) 92. (b)
(a) since his good nature (a) for 93. (c) 94. (b) 95. (b) 96. (b)
(b) because his nature (b) in 97. (a) 98. (b) 99. (b) 100. (d)
(c) because of his nature (c) on 101. (a) 102. (b) 103. (a) 104. (c)
(d) in spite his nature (d) with 105. (d) 106. (X) 107. (c) 108. (a)
108. I will come to meet you 116. This is ____ unique system of 109. (d) 110. (c) 111. (a) 112. (a)
(a) in case you want governance where everyone is the 113. (b) 114. (b) 115. (a) 116. (c)
(b) in case of time government. 117. (a) 118. (d) 119. (a) 120. (c)
168 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 SIKSHA ‘O’ ANUSANDHAN (SOA)
NIRF RANKINGS 2022: SOA MAINTAINS PRE-EMINENT
POSITION WITH 16TH RANK IN THE COUNTRY
Continuing its pre-eminent position in academics and country, has been ranked among the top 50 in India in the
research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (SOA) Deemedth to be latest QS India University Rankings 2020. The Quacquarelli
University climbed several notches to be placed 16 in the Symonds (QS) World University Rankings is a UK-based annual
country in the National Institutional Ranking Framework publication of university rankings comprising the global overall
(NIRF) 2022, released by the Union Education and subject rankings which rank the world’s top
Minister Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan in universities.
New Delhi on July 15, 2022. th th
SOA has also been ranked
SOA, nationally ranked 20 in the 15 among the top 50 Deemed to be
University Category by NIRF 2021, has Universities in the country in the latest Outlook-
improved its position in four ICARE India University
different categories and broke rankings for 2019, making it
into the top ten bracket in two the highest ranked such
others in the 2022 rankings. Two university in Odisha.
of the SOA institutes—Institute The department of Institute of
of Dental Sciences (IDS), Technical Education and
faculty of dental sciences; and Research (ITER), of
SOA National Institute of Law (SNIL), th
SOA, has now
faculty of legal studies— become the 4 institute in the
figured in the top 10 bracket country to get 3 of its programs
in the country for the first time. accredited by the reputed Accreditation
The 15-year-old Deemed thto be Board for Engineering and
University has been ranked 30 in Technology (ABET), USA. Adding yet
the Overall Category
th
this time, as th
another feather to its glowing cap, SOA has been ranked
compared to 37 in 2021, th
while it was ranked 18 th fourth in the country in the Swachh Campus Ranking
in Medical Sciences, 27 in Engineering and 10 in for 2019, conducted by the HRD ministry.
Dental Sciences categories. Entering the fray for th
the Nine different institutions function under the SOA
first time, SOA’s faculty of law has been thranked 9 in the umbrella offering 95 academic programmes in
country while the University is placed 45 in research category. Engineering & Technology, Medical Sciences,
SOA, recently, reached a huge milestone when the National Dental Sciences, Management Sciences, Hospital
Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accredited the Administration, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biotechnology,
University with the highest Grade A++ with a Cumulative Nursing, Hospitality & Tourism Management, Legal
Grade Points Average (CGPA) of 3.88 out of 4. Studies and Agricultural Sciences. Around 12,000 students
Ever since the NIRF ranking was introduced by the Ministry including from six different countries study in the University.
of Education in 2016, SOA has been the youngest university to
be continuously ranked among the top 25 universities in the SALIENT FEATURES OF SOA UNIVERSITY
country. ê 37 National Collaborations
Institute of Medical Sciences and SUMst Hospital, SOA’s ê 127 Acres campus
faculty of medical sciences, was ranked 21 by NIRF in 2021 ê 4,47,395 sqm. Built-up Area
while the Institute of Technical Education and Research (ITER), ê 13 Research Centres
faculty of engineering and technology, and Institute of Dental ê 38 Research Labs
nd th ê 197 e-Enabled Classrooms
Sciences (IDS), were ranked 32 and 14 respectively in 2021.
ê State-of-the-art 1,400-seat auditorium alongside four other
SOA’s latest ranking meant that it was the third best university auditoria
in the east while its faculties of medical sciences and dental ê 10 Student Activity Centres
sciences occupied the number one position among the eastern ê Multiple ISP Connectivity (more than 2Gbps)
states. It’s faculty of law was positioned third in the eastern ê 37 National Collaborations
region. ê 27 International Collaborations
Expressing happiness over the ranks obtained by the ê High-end Multi-disciplinary Research in Emerging Areas
university, Prof. (Dr.) Manojranjan Nayak, Founder President ê Fully Automated Libraries with Ample Print Learning
of SOA, congratulated the faculty and other employees for their Resources
continuous and relentless effort to make SOA successful in ê Adequate e-Resources with e-Databases
every field. ê Fellowship for Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Programmes
The Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, ê Scholarship for Meritorious Students
counted among the leading higher education institutions of the ê Fully Wi-Fi Campus

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 169

 QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
Directions (Qs. 1 to 5) : (2) 83443 (3) 84434 19. (23.6 % of 1254) – (16.6% of
What approximate value should (4) 83334 (5) 83344 834) = ?
come in place of question mark (?) 10. 4 18 48 100 180 294 ? (1) 159.5 (2) 157.5
in these questions ? (You are not (1) 416 (2) 480 (3) 155.5 (4) 153.5
expected to calculate the exact (3) 512 (4) 384 (5) None of these
value.) 20. (78.95)2 – (43.35)2 = ?
(5) 448
1. (755% of 523) ÷ 777 = ? (1) 4353.88 (2) 4305
Directions (Qs. 11 to 20) : What
(1) 5 (2) 12 should come in place of question (3) 4235.78 (4) 4148
(3) 19 (4) 26 mark (?) in these questions ? (5) None of these
(5) 29 Directions (Qs. 21 to 25) : In each
11. [(144)2 ÷ 48 × 18] ÷ 36 = ?
2. (56)2 × 2.5385 = ? of these questions, two equations I
(1) 4740 (2) 5570 (1) 23328 (2) 36 & II with variables a & b are given.
(3) 6600 (4) 7960 (3) 216 (4) 46656 You have to solve both the equations
(5) 8880 (5) None of these to find the values of a & b.
12. (27)18 ÷ (27)3 = ? Mark answer if
3. (4438 – 2874 – 559) ÷ (269 – 106
– 83) = ? (1) (27)54 (2) (27)21 (1) a<b
15
(1) 55 (2) 13 (3) (27) (4) (27)6 (2) a<b
(3) 47 (4) 29 (5) None of these (3) relationship between
1 2 1 a & b cannot be
(5) 31
4. (12.51)4 = ? 13. 5  6  7 ? established
4 3 6 (4) a>b
(1) 22300 (2) 23400 11 (5) a>b
(3) 24500 (4) 25600 (1) 19.5 (2) 19 21.
12
(5) 26700 I. 2a2 + a – 1 = 0
5. 783.559 + 49.0937 × 31.679 1 II. 12b2 – 17b + 6 = 0
(3) 19 (4) 19
– 58.591 = ? 12 22.
(1) 26600 (2) 5000 (5) None of these I. a2 – 5a + 6 = 0
(3) 12800 (4) 2550 14. 4895 + 364 × 0.75 – 49 = ? II. 2b2 – 13b + 21 = 0
(5) 2280 (1) 5119 (2) 3895 23.
Directions (Qs. 6 to 10) : What (3) 3907 (4) 5210 I. a2 + 5a + 6 = 0
should come in place of question (5) None of these II. b2 + 7b + 12 = 0
mark (?) in the following number 15. 24336 ÷ ? = 78 × 24 24.
series ? (1) 6 (2) 13 I. 16a2 = 1
6. 522 1235 2661 4800 7652 11217 ? (3) 11 (4) 17 II. 3b2 + 7b + 2 = 0
(1) 15495 (2) 16208 (5) None of these 25.
(3) 14782 (4) 16921 16. 156 + 16 × 1.5 – 21 = ? I. a2 + 2a + 1 = 0
(5) 14069 (1) 126 (2) 258 II. b2 = ±4
7. 51975 9450 2100 600 240 160 ? (3) 237 (4) 159 26. The number obtained by
(1) 80 (2) 120 (5) None of these interchanging the digits of a two digit
number is less than the original number
(3) 320 (4) 240 17. (98)45 × (98)–35 = ? by 63. If the sum of the digits of the
(5) 300 (1) (98) (2) (98)2 number is 11, what is the original
8. 2187 729 243 81 27 9 ? (3) (98) –5
(4) (98)10 number ?
(1) 36 (2) 3 (5) None of these (1) 29
(3) 18 (4) 6 18. 434.43 + 43.34 + 3.44 + 4 + 0.33 =? (2) 92
(5) 12 (1) 421.45 (2) 455.54 (3) 74
9. 6 26 134 666 3334 16666 ? (3) 485.54 (4) 447.45 (4) Cannot be determined
(1) 84344 (5) None of these (5) None of these
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 171
 27. In how many different ways can (1) Rs. 935 (2) Rs. 905 (3) 444 (4) 411
the letters of the word DAILY be (3) Rs. 945 (4) Rs. 975 (5) None of these
arranged ? (5) None of these 2 3 4 5
(1) 60 (2) 48 35. The ages of Nishi and Vinnee are 42. If the fractions , , , and
5 8 9 13
(3) 160 (4) 120 in the ratio of 6 : 5 respectively. After
9 years the ratio of their ages will be 6
(5) None of these are arranged in ascending order of
9 : 8. What is the difference in their ages ? 11
28. A 200-metre-long train crosses a their values, which one will be the
platform of double its length in (1) 9 years (2) 7 years
(3) 5 years (4) 3 years fourth ?
36 seconds. What is the speed of the
train in KMPH ? (5) None of these 4 5
36. The total of the ages of a class of (1) (2)
(1) 60 (2) 48 9 13
(3) 64 (4) 66 75 girls is 1050, the average age of 25
of them is 12 years and that of another 3 2
(5) None of these (3) (4)
25 is 16 years. Find the average age of 8 5
29. Work done by A in one day is the remaining girls.
half of the work done by B in one day. (5) None of these
Work done by B is half of the work (1) 12 years (2) 13 years 43. Swapana spent Rs. 44,620
done by C in one day. If C alone can (3) 14 years (4) 15 years on Deepawali Shopping, Rs. 32,764
complete the work in 7 days, in how (5) None of these on buying Laptop and the remaining 32%
many days can A, B and C together 37. Ms. Deepti Jain invests 11% of her of the total amount she had as cash with
complete the work ? monthly salary, i.e. Rs. 5,236 in Fixed her, What was the total amount ?
(1) 28 (2) 14 Deposits. Later she invests 19% of her (1) Rs. 36,416
(3) 4 (4) 21 monthly salary on Life Insurance Policies; (2) Rs. 1,13,800
(5) None of these she also invests another 7% of her (3) Rs. 77,384
monthly salary on Mutual Funds. What (4) Cannot be determined
30. The simple interest accrued on an is the total annual amount invested by
amount of Rs. 84,000 at the end of Ms. Deepti Jain ? (5) None of these
three years is Rs. 30,240. What would 44. A sum of money is divided among
be the compound interest accrued on (1) Rs. 2,11,344
(2) Rs. 17,612 A, B, C and D in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 7 : 11
the same amount at the same rate in respectively. If the share of C is
the same period ? (3) Rs. 1,05,672 Rs. 2,755 more than the share of A, then
(1) Rs. 30,013.95 (2) Rs. 31,013.95 (4) Rs. 35,224 what is the total amount of money of B
(3) Rs. 32,013.95 (4) Rs. 33,013.95 (5) None of these & D together ?
(5) Rs. 35,013.95 38. In a class of 40 students and 8 (1) Rs. 4,408 (2) Rs. 5,510
31. A committee of 3 members is to teachers, each student got sweets that
are 20% of the total number of students (3) Rs. 6,612 (4) Rs. 7,714
be selected out of 3 men and 2 women.
What is the probability that the and each teacher got sweets that are 25% (5) None of these
committee has at least one woman ? of the total number of students. How 45. Manas decided to donate 12% of
many sweets were there ? his salary. On the day of donation he
1 9 (1) 420
(1) (2) changed his mind and donated Rs. 2,240
10 20 (2) 400 which was two-thirds of what he had
9 1 (3) 320 decided earlier. How much is Manas’s
(3) (4) (4) 360 salary ?
10 20
(5) None of these (5) None of these (1) Rs. 25,000
32. One-fifth of a number is 81. What 39. Which number should replace (2) Rs. 28,000
will 68% of that number be ? both the question marks in the (3) Rs. 31,000
following equation ?
(1) 195.2 (2) 275.4 (4) Rs. 34,000
(3) 225.6 (4) 165.8 ? 243 (5) None of these
(5) None of these 432 ? Directions (Qs. 46 to 50) : Each
33. If the numerator of a fraction is (1) 308 (2) 312 question below is followed by two
increased by 200% and the denominator (3) 324 (4) 316 statements A and B. You are to
is increased by 300%, the resultant (5) None of these determine whether the data given
15 in the statement is sufficient for
fraction is . What was the original 5
26 40. By how much is th of 516 answering the question. You should
fraction ? 12 use the data and your knowledge of
8 10 4 Mathematics to choose between the
(1) (2) lesser than th of 495 ? possible answers. Give answer—
11 11 9
(1) 22 (2) 15 (1) if the statement A alone is
9 10 sufficient to answer the
(3) (4) (3) 12 (4) 27
13 13 (5) None of these question, but the statement B
(5) None of these alone is not sufficient.
7
34. The profit earned after selling an 41. What is 35% of 45% of th of (2) if the statement B alone is
article for Rs. 996 is the same as loss 9 sufficient to answer the
incurred after selling the article for Rs. 894. 3600 ? question, but the statement A
What is the cost price of the article ? (1) 441 (2) 414 alone is not sufficient.
172 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 (3) if both statements A and B 6. (1) : The sequence is 600 3600
together are needed to answer 522 + 713 = 1235 Speed = u
the question. 36 1000
(4) if either the statement A alone or 1235 + 2(713) = 2661 = 60 km/hr.
statement B alone is sufficient 2661 + 3 × 713 = 4800
to answer the question. 29. (3)
4800 + 4 × 713 = 7652 30. (None) : Rate of interest
(5) if you cannot get the answer
from the statement A and B 7652 + 5 × 713 =11217
30240 u 100
together, but need even more 11217 + 6 × 713 =15495 R= 12 %
data. 84000 u 3
46. What is the profit earned by selling 7. (3) : The sequence is Compound interest
a Watch for Rs. 15,675 ? 51975 ÷ 5.5 = 9450
3
A. The cost price of 5 such Watches 9450 ÷ 4.5 = 2100 § 12 ·
is equal to selling price of 4 such 84000 ¨1  ¸  84000
Watches. 2100 ÷ 3.5 = 600 © 100 ¹
B. 25% profit is earned by selling 600 ÷ 2.5 = 240 = 84000 × 1.12 × 1.12 ×
each Watch. 240 ÷ 1.5 = 160 1.12 – 84000
47. The ages of Anand and Sujeet are 160 ÷ 0.5 = 320 = 118013.95 – 84000
in the ratio of 6 : 5 respectively. What
is the age of Anand ? 8. (2) : The sequence is ÷3 = Rs. 34013.95
A. The ages of Anand and Sandeep 9. (4) : The sequence is ×5 – 4 and 31. (3) 32. (2) 33. (4) 34. (3)
are in the ratio of 10 : 7. ×5 + 4 for alternate terms. 35. (4) 36. (3)
B. After 5 years the ratio of Anand’s Ÿ 16666 × 5 + 4 = 83334.
and Sujeet’s ages will be 7 : 6. 37. (1) : Total investment
48. What is the salary of A, in a group 10. (5) = 11% + 19% + 7%
of A, B, C, D and E whose average ª 1 º = 37%
salary is Rs. 65,780 ? 11. (4) : ? «144 u 144 u 48 u 18» y 36
A. Total of the salary of B and C is ¬ ¼ 37% of her annual salary
Rs. 88,545. 144 u 3  18 5236
B. Total of the salary of D and E is Ÿ ? 216 u 37 u 12
Rs. 59,020. 36 11
49. In how many days 14 men can Ÿ ? = (216)2 = 46656 = Rs. 211344
complete a piece of work ? 12. (3) 38. (2) : Sweets received by students
A. If 18 women can complete the 20
same piece of work in 24 days. 1 2 1 40 u u 40 320
13. (3) : ? 567    100
B. If 28 children can complete 4 3 6
the same piece of work in 56 days. Sweets received by teachers
382
50. What is the three digit number ? 18  25
A. Three-fifth of that number is less 12 8u u 40 80
by 90 of that number. 100
13 1
B. One fourth of that number is 25% 18  19 Total sweets = 320 + 80
of that number. 12 12
= 400
14. (1) : ? = 4895 + 364 × 0.75 – 49
ANSWERS 39. (3) : (?)2 = 243 × 432
Ÿ ? = 4895 + 273 – 49 = 5119
Ÿ (?)2 = 81 × 3 × 3 × 144
755 523 24336
1. (1) : ? u 15. (2) : ? 13 Ÿ ? = 9 × 3 × 12 = 324
100 777 78 u 24
4 5
Ÿ ? = 5.08 | 5. 16. (4) : ? = 156 + 24 – 21 = 159 40. (5) : of 495 – of 516
2. (4) : ? = (56 × 56) × 2.5385 17. (4) 9 12
= 220 – 215 = 5
Ÿ ? = 3136 × 2.5385 18. (3)
= 7960.7 | 7960 35 45 7
23 . 6 16 . 6 41. (1) : u u u 3600 = 441
19. (2) : ? u 1254  u 834 100 100 9
4438  2874  559 100 100
3. (2) : ? Ÿ ? = 295.944 – 138.444 = 157.5
42. (1)
269  106  83
43. (4) : The remaining amount i.e.
1005 20. (1) : ? = (78.95 + 43.35) (78.95 32% is not known
Ÿ ? 12. 56 | 13 – 43.35)
44. (4)
80
Ÿ ? = 122.3 × 35.6 45. (2) : 8% of salary = Rs. 2240
4. (3)
5. (5) : ? = 783.559 + 49.0937 × = 4353.88 2240
31.679 – 58.591 21. (1) 22. (2) 23. (5) 24. (4) Ÿ Salary = u 100
8
Ÿ ? = 783.559 + 1552.24 25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (4) = Rs. 28000
– 58.591 28. (1) : Distance travelled 46. (4) 47. (2) 48. (3) 49. (5)
Ÿ ? = 2277.2 | 2280 = 200 + 400 = 600 m 50. (1)
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 173

Directions (Qs. 1 to 15) : Read the
following passage carefully and answer
the questions given below it. Certain
words/phrases have been printed in
bold to help you locate them while
answering some of the questions.
There are various sectors in India that
are to be assessed for their strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
The total population is over 1 billion
which will increase to 1.46 billion by 2035
to cross China’s. The huge population will
result in higher unemployment and
deterioration of quality. Literacy in India
is yet another factor to be discussed.
According to 1991 census, 64.8% of the
population was illiterate. The major
downtrend of education is due to child
labour which has spread all over India and
this should be totally eradicated by way
of surveillance and a good educational
system implemented properly by the
Government.
Pollution is one more threat to the
environment and for the country’s
prospects. This has been experienced
more in urban areas mainly in metropolitan
cities. The water pollution by the sewage
seepage into the ground water and
improper maintenance will lead to various
diseases which in turn will affect the next
generation. In most of the cities there is
no proper sewage disposal. The
Government has to take effective steps
to control population which, in turn, will
minimise the pollution.
Poverty questions the entire strength
of India’s political view and minimises
the energetic way of approach. The
shortfall of rains, enormous floods,
unexpected famine, drought, earthquake
and the recent tsunami hit the country in
a negative way. The proactive approach
through effective research and analytical
study helps us to determine the effects
in advance. Proper allocation of funds is
a prerequisite. In developed countries
like US Japan precautionary methods are
adopted to overcome this, but it has to
be improved a lot in our systems.
Increased population is one of the
major reasons for poverty and the
Government is unable to allocate funds
for basic needs to the society. India has
nearly 400 million people living below the
poverty line and 90% of active population
is in informal economy. The children are
forced to work due to their poverty and
differential caste system. They work in
match industry for daily wages, as servants,
mechanics, stone breakers, agricultural
workers, etc. To prevent child labour,
174
ENGLISH
existing laws which favour the Anti Child
Labour Act should be implemented by
the Government vigorously.
More population results in cheap cost
by virtue of the demand-supply concept.
Most of the foreign countries try to
utilise this factor by outsourcing their
business in India with a very low capital.
According to US, India is a “Knowledge
pool” with cheap labour. The major
advantage is our communication and
technical skill which is adaptable to
any environment. The cutting edge
skill in IT of our professionals helps
the outsourcing companies to
commensurate with the needs of the
consumers in a short span. The major
competitors for India are China and
Philippines and by the way of an
effective communication and expert
technical ability, Indians are ahead of the
race. The major Metropolitan states are
targeting the outsourcing field vigorously
by giving various amenities to the
outsourcing companies like tax
concession, allotting land, etc., to start
their businesses in its cities without any
hurdles. Thereby most of the MNCs
prefer India as their destinations and
capitalise the resources to maximise their
assets. Infrastructure is another key factor
for an outsourcing company to start a
business in a particular city. It includes
road, rail, ports, power and water. The
increased input in infrastructure in India
is very limited where China’s record is
excellent.
India in earlier days gave more
importance to the development of
Industry and less importance to other
departments. But the scenario has quite
changed now-a-days by allocating a special
budget of funds for security. This is
because of the frightening increase in
terrorism all around the world especially
emerging after the 9/11 terror attack in
US In the last ten years, budget towards
the development of military forces is
higher when compared to others. It shows
that the threat from our neighbouring
countries is escalating, India has to
concentrate more on this security factor
to wipe out the problem in the way of
cross-border terrorism.
Making India a developed country in
2020 is not an easy task. India has to
keep in check a variety of factors in order
to progress rapidly. To quote China as
an example is that they demolished an
old building to construct a very big port
to meet future demands, but India is still
waiting for things to happen. The profits
gained by India through various sectors
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
are to be spent for the development and
welfare of the country. India’s vision for
a brighter path will come true not only
by mere words or speech, but extra effort
is needed at all levels to overcome the
pitfalls.
1. Which of the following, according
to the author, is/are a result(s) of
increased population in India ?
(A) Pollution
(B) Poverty
(C) Unemployment
(1) Only (A)
(2) Only (A) and (B)
(3) Only (B)
(4) Only (A) and (C)
(5) All (A), (B) and (C)
2. Why, according to the author, has
the Indian Government allotted
more funds to strengthen the military
forces ?
(1) To improve security in order to
counter increasing terrorism
(2) As the security in India over the
past ten years was grossly
inadequate
(3) As the US, too has strengthened
its military forces after the 9/11
attack
(4) As the industry is developed
enough and is not in need of any
more funds
(5) None of these
3. What is the author’s main objective
in writing this passage ?
(1) To exhort the Government to
garner suppor t from its
neighbouring countries
(2) To suggest to the Government to
follow China’s example blindly
thereby bringing about rapid
development
(3) To highlight the plight of the poor
(4) To discuss the problems of child
labour and sug gest suitable
remedies
(5) To bring forth the problems
associated with the India’s
development and to suggest
measures to counter them
4. Why, according to the author, is India
one of the favourite destinations for
investment by outsourcing companies ?
(A) Shorter response time for clients.
(B) Better technical skills.
(C) Availability of cheap labour.
(1) Only (C)
(2) All (A), (B) and (C)
(3) Only (B) and (C)
(4) Only (A) and (B)
(5) Only (A)
5. Which of the following is/are true
in the context of the passage ?
 (A) India leads the way in the amount (4) factor (4) what are the impacts of
invested in the development of (5) mystery (5) No correction required
infrastructure. 11. PROSPECTS 19. Kindly ask his advice regarding
(B) Political system in India is not (1) assimilation the various health insurance policies
influenced by poverty. (2) demand presently available.
(C) Indian population would increase (3) future (1) him to advise that
by approximately 50 percent in the (4) brochure (2) regarding his advise
next twenty-five years. (5) diagnosis (3) that he should advice
(1) Only (A) and (B) 12. COMMENSURATE (4) about his advice
(2) Only (B) (1) match (5) No correction required
(3) Only (C) (2) extracting 20. Unfortunately many of our towns
(4) Only (B) and (C) (3) contemplating and cities do have more good
(5) All (A), (B) and (C) (4) request transportation systems.
6. Which of the following is/are the (5) employing (1) have a good
facility(ies) available to MNCs investing Directions (Qs. 13 to 15) : Choose (2) not have good
in India ? the word/group of words which is (3) not have much good
(A) Easy availability of land. most opposite in meaning to the (4) not having better
(B) Better infrastructure than China. word/group of words printed in bold (5) No correction required
(C) Tax concessions. as used in the passage : Directions (Qs. 21 to 25) :
(1) Only (C) 13. LIMITED Rearrange the following six sentences
(2) All (B) and (C) (1) abundant (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the
(3) Only (A) and (B) (2) complete Paper Sequence to form a meaningful
(4) Only (A) and (C) (3) flowing paragraph, then answer the questions
(5) None of these (4) inadequate given below :
7. Which of the following, according to (5) encompassing (A) With all the bid information being
the author, is a result of poverty in India? 14. DIFFERENTIAL available and tracked online,
(1) Lack of a robust security system (1) solitude corr uption has considerably
(2) Child labour and the resulting (2) homogeneous reduced.
dearth of educated youth (3) synonymous (B) Today, most i.e. over ninety-five
(3) Floods, Famines and other (4) unique percent household, in the city
calamities (5) different enjoy broad band connection.
(4) Rapid increase in population 15. VIGOROUSLY (C) All city contracts are now bid for
(5) None of these (1) simply online.
8. How, according to the author, can (2) regularly (D) Over twenty years ago the city
the effects of floods, famines, droughts, (3) roughly government, central government
etc. be minimised ? (4) softly and the private sector made a
(1) By limiting pollution thereby (5) leniently concerted effort to shift the
reducing chances of such events Directions (Qs. 16 to 20) : Which of economy to include IT.
taking place the phrases (1), (2), (3) & (4) given (E) As our cities expand and become
(2) By educating the children about below should replace the phrase given more complex, such a system
the ill effects of such calamities in bold in the following sentence to will make governance more
who in turn will help during the make it meaningful and grammatically manageable.
time of need correct. If the sentence is correct as (F) This level of connectedness has
(3) By following the US system of it is and no correction is required,
changed not only the city’s economy
providing relief to its citizens mark (5) as the answer.
(4) By allotting proper funds for 16. Banks charge differently rate of but also how it is governed and
research which can predict the interest depending on the size of the loan. how business is conducted.
outcome of such calamities and (1) difference in rate of interests 21. Which of the following should
thus design relief measures (2) differently what rate of interest be the FIRST sentence after
(5) None of these (3) different rates of interest rearrangement ?
Directions (Qs. 9 to 12) : Choose (4) the different rate of interest (1) A (2) B
the word/group of words which is (5) No correction required (3) C (4) D
most similar in meaning to the word/ 17. It is necessary that we take any (5) E
group of words printed in bold as steps to reduce pollution soon. 22. Which of the following should
used in the passage. (1) we should take every be the SECOND sentence after
9. SURVEILLANCE (2) we have taken no rearrangement?
(1) spying (3) us to take any (1) A (2) B
(2) cameras (4) we take some (3) C (4) D
(3) security (5) No correction required (5) F
(4) observation 18. It is too early to say how the 23. Which of the following should
(5) alertness impact the new tax will have on be the THIRD sentence after
10. PREREQUISITE investors. rearrangement ?
(1) result (1) what impact (1) A (2) C
(2) association (2) that the impact (3) D (4) E
(3) necessity (3) how much impacts (5) F
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 175
 24. Which of the following should accessible for customers, (3)/ we face 41. (1) difference
be the FIFTH sentence after several challenges. (4)/ No error (5) (2) similarity
rearrangement ? Directions (Qs. 36 to 40) : In each (3) argument
(l) A question below a sentence with four (4) relationship
(2) B words printed in bold type is given. (5) alliance
(3) C These are numbered as (1), (2), (3) 42. (1) being
(4) D and (4). One of these four words (2) seems
(5) E printed in bold may be either wrongly (3) mainly
25. Which of the following should spelt or inappropriate in the context (4) besides
be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after of the sentence. Find out the word (5) is
rearrangement ? which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate 43. (1) However
(1) B if any. The number of that word is (2) Mounted
your answer. If all the words printed (3) Rising
(2) C
in bold are correctly spelt and also (4) Elevating
(3) D (5) Inclining
(4) E appropriate in the context of the
sentence, mark (5) i.e. ‘All correct as 44. (1) means
(5) F (2) triggers
Directions (Qs. 26 to 35) : Read your answer.
36. The bank’s fluctuating (1)/ (3) responses
each sentence to find out whether (4) threats
there is any grammatical error or performance over the prior (2)/ year has
been a major (3)/ cause (4)/ for (5) stimulus
idiomatic error in it. The number of 45. (1) result
that part is the answer. If there is no concern. All correct (5)
37. An economy relies (1)/ on its (2) precursor
error the answer is (5). (Ignore errors (3) resistance
of punctuations, if any. access (2)/ to dependable (3)/ and
(4) cause
26. Some genuine issues exist (1)/ with affordable (4)/ sources of energy. All
(5) provocation
the newly adopted (2)/ system and needs correct (5)
46. (1) conserves
to (3)/ be examined seriously. (4)/ No 38. Researches have used data (2) stifles
error (5) prevalent (1)/ to manufacturing (3) predicts
27. Whether or not to confront (1)/ companies to illustrate (2)/ the harmful (4) changes
(3)/ impacts (4)/ of technology on the (5) emerges
them about their role (2)/ in the matter
environment. All correct (5) 47. (1) continue
is a decision (3)/ which is yet to take
39. Such a situation (1)/ is neither (2) halt
(4)/ No error (5)
feasible (2)/ nor desirable (3)/ in a demo- (3) cease
28. The government is still in the (1)/
cratic country like ours. (4)/ All correct (5) (4) terminate
process of finalised new policy (2)/
40. The gradual (1)/ withdrawal (2)/ (5) discontinue
guidelines for the allocation of land (3)/
of such safety (3)/ mechanisims (4)/ 48. (1) luck
to private sector organisations. (4)/ No
will affect small and medium industries (2) value
error (5) the most. All correct (5)
29. According to government (3) collapse
Directions (Qs. 41 to 50) : In the (4) pace
estimates (1)/ at least four millions following passage there are blanks, (5) attention
tonnes of sugar (2)/ will have to be each of which has been numbered. 49. (1) threatened
imported (3)/ this year because of a poor These numbers are printed below (2) pursued
monsoon. (4)/ No error (5) the passage and against each, five (3) unprecedented
30. In our experience people usually words are suggested, one of which fits (4) record
(1)/ value things that they have to (2)/ the blank appropriately. Find out the (5) debated
pay off more than those that (3)/ they appropriate word in each case. 50. (1) forecast
receive free of cost (4)/ No error (5) The world’s climate has always (2) chance
31. At present China is the (1)/ world’s changed and species have evolved (3) pattern
leader manufacture (2)/ of environment accordingly to survive it. The surprising (4) occasion
friendly products (3)/ such as electric fact about the ...(41)... between evolution (5) imagination
cars and bicycles. (4)/ No error (5) and global warming ...(42)... that it is
32. Over eighty percent from us (1)/ not linear. ...(43)... temperatures alone
ANSWERS
feel that if we had taken (2)/ some are not ...(44)... of evolution. Evolution 1. (5) 2. (1) 3. (5) 4. (3)
corrective measures earlier (3)/ the crisis is also the ...(45)... of seasonal changes. 5. (3) 6. (4) 7. (4) 8. (4)
could have been averted (4)/ No error (5) As the environment ...(46)... those 9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (3) 12. (1)
33. The manager of that city branch species which don’t adapt ...(47)... to 13. (1) 14. (2) 15. (4) 16. (3)
(1)/ cannot handle it with the help of (2)/ exist. But the sheer ...(48)... of man- 17. (4) 18. (1) 19. (4) 20. (2)
only two personnel as (3)/ business has made climate change today is ...(49).... 21. (4) 22. (2) 23. (5) 24. (1)
increased substantially. (4)/ No error (5) ‘Bad things are happening’ and by one 25. (4) 26. (3) 27. (4) 28. (2)
34. With the literacy rates in ...(50)... global warming could threaten 29. (2) 30. (3) 31. (2) 32. (5)
this (1)/ region as low as ten percent up to one-third of the world’s species if 33. (1) 34. (1) 35. (3) 36. (2)
(2)/ we need to encourage (3)/ local left unchecked. In fact a lot of the 37. (5) 38. (1) 39. (5) 40. (4)
people to build schools. (4)/ No error (5) species which will be able to survive are 41. (4) 42. (5) 43. (1) 44. (5)
35. While providing such facilities (1)/ the ones we consider pests like insects 45. (1) 46. (2) 47. (3) 48. (4)
online makes it covenient (2)/ and easily and weeds. 49. (3) 50. (1)

176 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023


Passage I
Having investigated the nature of the
relationship between price and trading
volume for 50 Indian stocks, our findings
indicate evidence of positive
contemporaneous correlation between
price changes and trading volume in
Indian stock markets. All the stocks,
except Reliance Power, show asymmetric
behaviour, which is in line with the
research findings. Investigation of
dynamic relationship between returns and
trading volume shows very interesting
results. We find evidence that in the Indian
market, past returns cause trading volume,
which can be easily conceived in an
emerging market where the state of
development of the market possibly does
not allow instantaneous information
dissemination. These results are further
supported by the variance decomposition.
However, in most cases the relationship
lacks economic significance even though
it is statistically significant. The results of
impulse response analysis indicate that
both returns and volume are mostly
affected by their own lag and that volume
is more autoregressive than returns, that
is any shock in either returns or volume
does not affect the return series beyond
one lag. In case of unconditional volatility
and trading volume we find a positive
contemporaneous relationship between
trading volume and unconditional
volatility.
1. According to the passage, the
research findings show
A. positive contemporaneous
relationship between trading
volume and volatility.
B. Reliance Power confirms the
general trend.
C. information is not disseminated
instantaneously in the stock
market.
(1) A, B and C (2) A and C
(3) A and B (4) B and C
2. It can be inferred from the passage
that
(1) the trading volume does not
depend on the past returns.
(2) the trading volume largely
depends on the past returns.
(3) the trading volume has no positive
correlation with volatility.
(4) the trading volume depends on
the variance decomposition.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Paper I
3. According to the passage, subjects
that are discussed do not include
(1) trends in returns vis-a-vis volatility.
(2) stock market losses during recession.
(3) information dissemination being
slow within the market.
(4) results of the research have more
of statistical significance than
economic.
4. According to the passage, which one
of the following inferences is false ?
(1) Any shock in either returns or
volume affects the return series
beyond one lag.
(2) In case of unconditional volatility
and trading volume, there exists a
positive contemporaneous
relationship between trading
volume and unconditional volatility.
(3) Both returns and volume are mostly
affected by their own lag.
(4) The state of development of the
market possibly does not allow
instantaneous infor mation
dissemination.
Passage II
There’s an old journalistic axiom that
bad news sells. That is reflected every day
on our television screens and newspaper
headlines. From the lingering impact of
the global economic meltdown to acts of
terrorism, new pandemics and lately,
natural disasters, the bad news seems
unending. Yet, in every depressing story
there is always a silver lining, an act of
courage, independence and enterprise that
shows the resilience of the human spirit.
Nothing faces more daunting odds than
the crucial area of infrastructure. India
is the fifth-largest rail network under a
single management, and a civil aviation
market that will touch 100 million
passengers by next year. It also has the
third-largest number of telephone
subscribers the world over. Yet the Indian
infrastructure story is usually one of
shor tages, blockages and leakages.
Whether it is energ y or urban
infrastructure, roads or ports, India has
unfortunately rarely been known for its
efficiency. There have been a few whining
examples that have been written about
but there are other lesser known but equally
important for the role they have played
in the infrastructure arena. There are
challenges, of course, and we have picked
an array of experts to address them.
Infrastructure, as everyone knows, will be
the key challenge for India’s growth story
and John F. Kennedy’s famous words come
to mind: ‘American roads are not good
because America is rich, but America is rich
because American roads are good.’
Hopefully, the same will happen in India too.
5. As per the passage,
(1) infrastructure is not all that
relevant for development of a
country.
(2) India does not have the required
know-how to build up the
infrastructure.
(3) infrastructure is relevant for
development.
(4) infrastructure is most essential for
development.
6. In the field of infrastructure, India
(1) has shown remarkable progress.
(2) is not doing satisfactorily.
(3) has shown adequate progress.
(4) does not have experts to deal with
various problems.
7. According to the passage,
(1) people love to read good news.
(2) people do not prefer good news.
(3) bad news generally spreads fast.
(4) no one wants to hear bad news.
8. As per the passage, India
(1) is capable of dealing with
problems of building required
infrastructure.
(2) may not be able to build its
infrastructure.
(3) is well known for its efficiency in
dealing with problems of
infrastructure.
(4) will continue to struggle in dealing
with problems of building the
required infrastructure.
Passage III
Power and possession have been central
pursuits of modern civilisation for a long
time. They blocked out or distorted other
features of the western renaissance
(revival) which promised so much for
humanity. But people have been and are
still being ‘taught to prize are money,
success, control over the lives of other,
acquisition of more and more objects’.
Modern social, political, and economic
systems, whether capitalist, fascist or
communist, reject in their working the
basic principle that the free and creative
unfoldment of every man, woman and
child is the true measure of the worth of
any society. Such unfoldment requires
177
understanding and imagination, integrity
and compassion, cooperation among
people and harmony between the human
species and the rest of nature.
Acquisitiveness and the pursuit of power
have made the modern man an aggressor
against everything that is non-human, and
exploiter and oppressor of those who are
poor, meek and unorganised, a
pathological type which hates and distrusts
the world and suffers from both acute
loneliness and false pride. The need for
a new renaissance is deeply felt by those
sensitive and conscientious men and
women who not only perceive the
dimensions of the crisis of our age, but
who also realise that only through
conscious and cooperative human effort
may this crisis be met and probably even
overcome.
9. The author appears to be advocating
which of the following approaches to
be adopted by the society?
(1) Capitalistic
(2) Communist
(3) Humanistic
(4) Authoritarian
10. Which of the following best
describes the behaviour of modern
man ?
(1) Imaginative and sympathetic.
(2) Cruel and greedy.
(3) Conscientious and cooperative.
(4) Perceptive and creative.
11. The author hopes that the present
crisis can be solved by
(1) devoted individual efforts.
(2) different political systems.
(3) collective human efforts.
(4) spiritually developed individuals.
12. Which of the following is most
opposite in meaning to the word ‘central’
as used in the passage ?
(1) Lateral
(2) Indadequate
(3) Peripheral
(4) Major
Passage IV
The history of literature really began
long before man learned to write.
Dancing was the earliest of the arts. Man
danced for joy round his primitive camp
fire after the defeat and slaughter of his
enemy. He yelled and shouted as he
danced and gradually the yells and shouts
became coherent and caught the measure
of the dance and thus the first war song
was sung. As the idea of God, developed
prayers were framed. The songs and
prayers became traditional and were
repeated from one generation to another,
each generation adding something of its
own. As man slowly grew more civilised,
he was compelled to invent some method
of writing by three urgent necessities.
There were certain things that it was
dangerous to forget and which, therefore,
178
had to be recorded. It was often
necessary to communicate with persons
who were some distance away and it was
necessary to protect one’s property by
making tools, cattle and so on, in some
distinctive manner. So man taught
himself to write and having learned to
write purely for utilitarian reasons he
used this new method for preserving his
war songs and his prayers. Of course,
among these ancient people, there were
only a very few individuals who learned
to write, and only a few could read what
was written.
13. As for the war songs and prayers,
each generation
(1) added something of its own to
the stock.
(2) blindly repeated the songs and
prayers.
(3) composed its own songs and
prayers.
(4) repeated what has been handed
down to it.
14. The first war-song
(1) was inspired by God.
(2) developed spontaneously.
(3) was a song traditionally handed
down.
(4) was composed by leading dancers.
15. The war song evolved out of
(1) creative inspiration.
(2) literature.
(3) artistic urge.
(4) yelling and shouting.
16. Man invented writing because he
wanted to
(1) be artistic.
(2) write war song.
(3) write literature.
(4) record and communicate.
Passage V
Economists, ethicists and business
sages persuade us that honesty is the best
policy, but their evidence is weak. We
hoped to find data that would support
their theories and thus, perhaps
encourage higher standards of business
behaviour. To our suprise, our pet
theories failed to stand up. Treachery, we
found, can pay. There is no compelling
economic reason to tell the truth or keep
one’s word punishment for the
treacherous in the real world is neither
swift nor sure. Honesty is, in fact,
primarily a moral choice. Business people
do tell themselves that, in the long run,
they will do well by doing good. But
there is little factual or logical basis for
this conviction. Without values, without
a basic preference for right over wrong,
trust based on such self-delusion would
crumble in the face of temptation. Most
of us choose virtue because we want to
believe in ourselves and have others’
respect and belief in us. And for this,
we should be happy. We can be proud
of a system in which people are honest
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
because they want to be, not because
they have to be. Materially, too, trust
based on morality provides great
advantages. It allows us to join in great
and exciting enterprises that we could
never undertake if we relied on
economic incentives alone. Economists
tell us that trust is enforced in the market
place through retaliation of reputation.
If you violate a trust, your victim is apt
to seek revenge and others are likely to
stop doing business with you, at least
under favourable terms. A man or
woman with a reputation for fair dealing
will prosper. Therefore, profit maximisers
are honest. This sounds plausible enough
until you look for concrete examples.
Cases that apparently demonstrate the
awful consequences of trust turn out to
be few and weak, while evidence that
treachery can pay seems compelling.
17. What did the author find out about
the theory that honesty is the best policy ?
(1) It is a useless theory.
(2) It is correct on many occasions.
(3) It is correct for all businessmen.
(4) It is correct only occasionally.
18. What do economists and ethicists
want us to believe ?
(1) Businessmen are honest only at
times.
(2) Businessmen should be honest at
all times.
(3) Businessmen cannot be honest at
all times.
(4) Businessmen turn dishonest at
times.
19. Which of the following is false
according to the passage ?
(1) People are generally honest
because it pays in the long run.
(2) Virtuous behaviour earns the self
respect of others.
(3) Economists believe that all
businessmen are dishonest.
(4) Generally people are honest to
earn self-respect.
20. Why do businessmen, according
to economists, remain honest because,
dishonest businessmen
(1) are flogged in the market place.
(2) are always prosecuted.
(3) can make more money.
(4) cannot stay in business for long.
21. Find the sum of the cubes of first
10 natural numbers.
(1) 3010 (2) 3040
(3) 3025 (4) 3020
22. Three natural numbers are in the
ratio 2 : 3 : 4. If the sum of squares of
these numbers is 116, then determine
the numbers.
(1) 2, 3, 4 (2) 4, 6, 8
(3) 6, 9, 12 (4) 8, 12, 16
23. HCF of 150 and 210 is 30, then
the HCF of 210 and 360 will be
(1) 60 (2) 30
(3) 90 (4) 70
 24. If a piece of rod is 3000 m and 1 now takes half an hour longer. If the
we have to supply some lamp posts. One (2) 26 % cistern is full how long would the leak
post is at each end and distance between 3 empty the cistern ?
two consecutive lamp posts is 75 m. Find 4 (1) 28 h (2) 29 h (3) 30 h (4) 31 h
the number of posts required. (3) 28 % 40. The fourth proportional to 5, 6
7
(1) 41 (2) 39 and 150, is
(3) 40 (4) 36 2 (1) 30 (2) 125 (3) 180 (4) 120
(4) 26 %
25. The numerator of the fraction which 3 41. If a : b = 5 : 9, b : c = 6 : 11, find
15 31. The entry fee for a musical concert a : b : c.
is equivalent to with denominator 7, is was Re. 1, later it was reduced by 20% (1) 11 : 18 : 33 (2) 10 : 19 : 34
35 which increased the net collection of the (3) 11 : 19 : 34 (4) 10 : 18 : 33
(1) 5 (2) 3 amount by 40%. The increase in the 42. If all the members of a team are
(3) 7 (4) 9 number of visitors is juniors or seniors and if the ratio of
1 juniors to seniors in the team is 3 : 5,
26. Naina gave piece of cake to 1 1 what percent of the team members
2 (1) 72 % (2) 74 %
3 3 constitute the seniors ?
1 1 (1) 37.5% (2) 62.5%
Neha and piece of cake to Gunjan. (3) 75% (4) 76 % (3) 65.2% (4) 35.7%
3 3 43. A man is walking at a speed of 10
Find what part of cake she has ? 32. If P is ‘a’% more than Q and Q km/h. After every kilometre, he takes
1 5 is ‘b’% less than P, then rest for 5 min. How much time will he
(1) (2) (1) 1/a – 1/b = 100 take to cover a distance of 5 km ?
6 6
(2) 1/a – 1/b = 1/100 (1) 20 min (2) 30 min
1 2 (3) 1/a + 1/b = 100 (3) 40 min (4) 50 min
(3) (4) (4) 1/b – 1/a = 1/100
3 3 1
33. On what sum of money lent out at 9% 44. A man can row 9 km / h in still
1 per annum simple interest for 6 years does 2
27. Jaidev takes 2 minutes to walk the simple interest amount to Rs. 810 ? water. If in a river which is running at
5
across the school ground. Rahul takes (1) Rs. 1500 (2) Rs. 1000 1
2 km / h , it takes him 1 h 35 min to
7 (3) Rs. 1200 (4) Rs. 1800 2
minutes to do the same. Who takes 34. Two equal sums of money were row to a place and back, how far off is
4 lent at simple interest at 10% per annum the place ?
less time and by what fraction ? for 4 yrs and 5 yrs respectively. If the (1) 8.6 km (2) 8 km
9 difference in interests for two periods (3) 8.4 km (4) 7 km
(1) Rahul , was Rs. 220, then each sum is 45. A train 150 m long is running at
20 (1) Rs. 880 (2) Rs. 1100 40 km/h. In what time will it pass a
9 (3) Rs. 2200 (4) Rs. 1640 man running at 4 km/h in the same
(2) Jaidev , 35. A sum of money amounts to direction in which the train is going ?
20
Rs. 6272 in 2 yrs and Rs. 7024.64 in 3 (1) 16 sec (2) 12 sec
3 yrs. The rate of interest per annum is (3) 15 sec (4) 18 sec
(3) Rahul ,
10 (1) 8% per annum 46. The value of
(2) 12% per annum ª 1
4 1
2º
3
(4) Jaidev , (3) 6% per annum tan «cos  tan is
10 (4) 10% per annum ¬ 5 3 »¼
1 36. Effective annual rate of interest, 6 7
28. If 0.2689, then corresponding to a nominal rate of 4% (1) (2)
3.718 per annum payable half-yearly is 17 16
1 (1) 4.04% per annum 17
? (2) 4.15% per annum (3) (4) None of these
0.0003718 (3) 4.18 per annum 6
(1) 0.2689 (2) 2.689 (4) 4.10% per annum 1 .5
(3) 2689 (4) 26890
³[ x
2
37. A and B can do a piece of work 47. ] dx is equal to
29. A number x is short of y by 40%. in 12 days, B and C can do it in 15 days
By what percent is y in excess of x ? 0
and C and A can do the same work in
1 20 days. Find the number of days in (1) 2  2 (2) 2  2
(1) 33 % which A alone can do the same work. (3) 0 (4) None of these
3 (1) 20 days (2) 30 days 48. What must be the side of an
1 (3) 45 days (4) 60 days equilateral triangle so that its area may
(2) 66 % 38. A supplies 20 men who work for be equal that of a square of which the
3
8 h a day for 6 days. B supplies 15 men diagonal is 15 metre ?
2 working at 9 h a day for 7 days and C (1) 16.11 m (2) 18 m
(3) 66 %
3 supplies 10 men working 6 h a day for (3) 21.11 m (4) 10.22 m
8 days to do a certain work. If Rs. 636 49. The angle of elevation of the top
1 is paid for all the men, what is C’s share ? of a tower 30 m high, from two points
(4) 33 %
6 (1) Rs. 128 (2) Rs. 136 on the level ground on its opposite sides
30. A’s income is 40% more than B’s (3) Rs. 148 (4) Rs. 154 are 45° and 60°. What is the distance
income. How much percent is B’s income 39. There is a leak in the bottom of between the two points ?
less than A’s ? a cistern. When the cistern is in through (1) 47.32 m
2 1 (2) 55.32 m
(1) 28 % repair, it would be filled in 3 h . It (3) 40.21 m
7 2 (4) None of these
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 179
 50. From the vertex of an obtuse 59. Pointing towards a boy Veena said 67.
angle, perpendiculars are drawn to the “He is the son of only son of my Figures :
arms of the angle. If the angle between grandfather”. How is that boy related to
the above perpendiculars is 35°, then Veena ?
what is the measure of the obtuse angle ? (1) Uncle (2) Brother
(1) 145° (2) 135° (3) Cousin (4) Data inadequate
(3) 160° (4) 165° Answer Figures :
60. Kamal told Vimal, ‘Yesterday I
Directions (Qs. 51 & 52) : Read the defeated the only brother of the
following information to answer these daughter of my grandmother.” Whom
questions. did Kamal defeat ?
Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H (1) Father (2) Son (1) (2) (3) (4)
are sitting in a circle facing the centre. B is (3) Brother (4) Father-in-law Directions (Qs. 68 to 73) : Each
sitting between G and D. H is third to the Directions (Qs. 61 & 62) : From
left of B and second to the right of A. C question consists of a problem
amongst the given figures (1) to (4), followed by two statements numbered
is sitting between A and G and B & E are choose the figure that represents the
not sitting opposite to each other. as I and II. Decide whether the data
relationship among the three given in the statements are sufficient to
51. Who is third to the left of D ? classes in these questions.
(1) F (2) E answer the question. Mark answer as-
(3) A (4) None of these (1) if statement I alone is
52. Which of the following statements (1) (2) sufficient, but statement II
is not correct ? alone is not sufficient to answer
(1) D and A are sitting opposite to the question.
each other (2) if statement II alone is
(2) C is third to the right of D (3) (4) sufficient, but statement I alone
(3) E is sitting between F and D is not sufficient to answer the
(4) A is sitting between C and F 61. India, Lucknow, USA question.
Directions (Qs. 53 & 54) : Study (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (3) if both statements taken
the sequence and replace the “?” 62. Batsmen, Bowlers, All-rounders together are sufficient to
mark from the given alternatives. (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 answer the question, but
53. 2, 3, 4, 9, 3, 4, 5, 12, 4, 5, 6, 15, Directions (Qs. 63 & 64) : In each neither statement alone is
5, “?”, 7, 18 of these questions, two pairs of sufficient.
(1) 8 (2) 7 (3) 6 (4) 9 numbers are given but one number (4) if statements I and II together
54. ab “?”d “?”bc “?”a “?”c “?”ab “?”d in the second pair is missing. Identify
(1) cadbdc (2) cabbcd ar e not sufficient, and
the relationship between the two additional data is needed to
(3) abbcdd (4) caddbc numbers in the first pair and find the
Directions (Qs. 55 & 56) : Numbers answer the question.
missing number in the second pair 68. How many ewes (female sheep) in
in the following figures follow a such that the numbers in second pair
certain arrangement. What will come also follow the same relationship. a flock of 50 sheep are black ?
in place of ‘?’ from the given 63. 130 : 5 : : 1010 : ? I. There are 10 rams (male sheep)
alternatives. (1) 100 (2) 1 in the flock.
55. (3) 10 (4) 1000 II. Forty percent of the animals are
64. 16 : 240 : : 11 : ? black.
(1) 100 (2) 90 (3) 110 (4) 80 69. If a and b are both positive, what
Directions (Qs. 65 to 67) : Complete percent of b is a ?
the given series of figures by I. a = 3/11
(1) 24 (2) 25 replacing ‘?’ from the answer figures. II. b/a = 20
(3) 28 (4) 20 65. 70. What is the ratio of male to female
Figures : officers in the police force in town T ?
56. I. The number of female officers is
250 less than half the number of
male officers.
Answer Figures : II. The number of female officers is
(1) 12 (2) 18 1/7 the number of male officers.
(3) 9 (4) 3 71. What is the value of n ?
57. Asha walks 3 km Southward and I. 3n + 2m = 18
then turns right and walks 2 km. She again II. n – m = 2n – (4 + m)
turns right and walks 3 km and turns (1) (2) (3) (4) 72. If x and y are both positive
towards her left and starts walking straight. integers, how much greater is x than y ?
In which direction is she walking now ? 66.
I. x + y = 20
(1) East (2) North Figures : II. x = y2
(3) South (4) West 73. Is w an integer ?
58. Madhuri travels 14 km Westwards I. 3w is an odd number.
and then turns left and travels 6 km and II. 2w is an even number.
further turns left and travels 26 km. How Answer Figures : Directions (Qs. 74 & 75) : Each of
far is Madhuri now from the starting these questions consists of a
point ? statement followed by two arguments
(1) 180 km (2) 80 km numbered as I and II. Decide which
of the arguments is ‘strong’ or ‘not
(3) 100 km (4) None of these (1) (2) (3) (4) strong’ from the statement.
180 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Mark answer as – 83. World’s largest roller coaster (1) Sanjana Vij
(1) if only argument I is strong. named ‘Ferrari World’ is located in (2) Sini Shetty
(2) if only argument II is strong. (1) Tokyo (2) Abu Dhabi (3) Rubal Shekhawat
(3) if neither argument I nor II is (3) Mumbai (4) Beijing (4) Shinata Chauhan
strong. 84. Neeraj Chopra has won the 95. FDI stands for
(4) if both arguments I and II are historic gold medal in which athletic (1) Fashion Directorate of India
strong. event in Tokyo Olympics 2020 ? (2) Foreign Direct Investment
74. Statement : (1) High jump (3) Fashion Designer’s Initiative
Should school education be made (2) Javelin throw (4) Foreign Directory of Industries
free in India ? (3) Long jump 96. The international awards given by the
Arguments : (4) Hammer throw Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
I. Yes, this is the only way to 85. Who won the reality TV show Sciences, California (USA) for excellence in
improve the level of literacy. “Bigg Boss Season 15” in January 2022 the field of cinema are popularly known as
II. No, it will add to the already hosted by actor Salman Khan ? (1) IIFA Awards
heavy burden on the exchequer. (1) Sana Khan (2) Oscar Awards
75. Statement : (2) Dipika Kakar (3) BAFTA Awards
Should there be complete ban on (3) Tejasswi Prakash (4) Grammy Awards
manufacture of fire-crackers in (4) Niketan Madhok 97. The largest continent in terms of
India ? 86. ‘Canterbury’, the premium Indian area is
Arguments : brand of woollen cardigans and (1) Asia (2) Africa
I. No, this will make thousands of pullovers, is from the house of (3) Australia (4) North America
workers jobless. (1) Monte-Carlo. (2) Woodland. 98. The space agency NASA belongs to
II. Yes, the fire-cracker manufact- (3) Digjam. (4) OCM. (1) Germany (2) USA
urers use child labour to a large 87. Which state has the traditional (3) Russia (4) France
extent. dress of men known as “Sola or Fotua” 99. The basic function of technology
76. Photo Video Asia 2022 event was and “Eri-Chaddar” ? ‘Blue tooth’ is to allow
organised during August 2022 at (1) Assam (2) Tripura (1) landline phone to mobile phone
(1) Kolkata. (3) Nagaland (4) Meghalaya communication.
(2) Chennai. 88. Which one of the following (2) signal transmission on mobile
(3) Delhi. cosmetic companies has launched Color phones only.
(4) Mumbai. Riche Nail Collection “Le nail Art” ? (3) satellite television communication.
77. Who is the brand ambassador of (1) Lakme (2) L’Oreal (4) wireless communication between
Dollar Club Vests in India ? (3) Garnier (4) Clinique equipment.
(1) Shah Rukh Khan 89. The ‘more mega store’ retail chain 100. Which among the following is the
(2) Akshay Kumar belongs to which Indian Industry ? source of a non-conventional energy ?
(3) Abhishek Bachachan (1) Reliance Industry (1) Solar Power
(4) M.S. Dhoni (2) Bharti Enterprises (2) Coal
78. Which are the rivers that originate (3) Aditya Birla Group (3) Uranium
from the Mansarovar region ? (4) None of these (4) Petroleum
(1) Narmada, Tapti, Beas 90. The ICC Cricket World Cup 2023 Directions (Qs. 101 to 104) : Each
(2) Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra is scheduled to be held in of these questions consists of two
(3) Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery (1) India statements followed by two
(4) Ganges, Yamuna, Hooghly (2) South Africa conclusions I and II respectively.
79. Where are the headquarters of the (3) Sri Lanka Decide which of the conclusions
International Olympic Committee (4) Australia follows from the statements.
located ? Mark answer as –
(1) Italy (2) Switzerland 91. ‘Van Heusen’ is a leading
International brand of (1) if only conclusion I follows
(3) Belgium (4) France (2) if only conclusion II follows
80. What is common about famous (1) formal wear.
(2) fashion accessories. (3) if neither conclusion I nor II
personalities Manish Malhotra, J J Valya follows
and Rohit Bal ? (3) jewellery.
(4) None of these (4) if both conclusions I and II
(1) Male Modelling follow
(2) Film Direction 92. ‘Sonata’, ‘Ajanta’ and ‘Maxima’ are
101. Statements :
(3) Novel Writing the well known Indian brands of
I. All jungles are tigers.
(4) Fashion Designing (1) jewellery. II. Some tigers are horses.
81. Which Indian State is the leading (2) watches. Conclusions :
Cotton producer ? (3) cosmetics. I. Some tigers are jungles.
(1) Gujarat (4) home furnishing. II. All horses are jungles.
(2) Maharashtra 93. Lionel Messi, the winner of FIFA 102. Statements :
(3) Andhra Pradesh World Cup 2022 Golden Ball for best I. All birds are tall.
(4) Madhya Pradesh player belongs to II. Some tall are hens.
82. Mahindra & Mahindra has (1) Brazil (2) Spain Conclusions :
acquired the manufacturing of ____ by (3) Portugal (4) Argentina I. Some tall are hens.
naming its next generation electric car 94. Who has been crowned ‘Miss II. Some hens are tall.
as the Mahindra e2o that is ‘E-too-oh’. India’ at the 2022 edition of the Femina 103. Statements :
(1) Reva (2) Punto Miss India beauty contest held in July I. All artists are smokers.
(3) Nano (4) Bolero 2022 ? II. Some smokers are drinkers.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 181
 Conclusions :
I. Some smokers are artists.
II. Some drinkers are not smokers.
104. Statements :
I. Some hens are cows.
II. All cows are horses.
Conclusions :
I. Some horses are hens.
II. Some hens are horses.
Directions (Qs. 105 to 108) : The
questions given below have a statement
followed by two assumptions I and II.
Decide which of the assumptions is
implicit from the statement.
Mark answer as –
(1) if only assumption I is implicit
(2) if only assumption II is implicit
(3) if neither assumption I nor II
is implicit
(4) if both assumptions I and II are
implicit
105. Statement :
‘Invest in our regular scheme and
earn an interest of at least 10%’.
Advertisement by a financial
institution.
Assumptions :
I. 10% interest may attract a good
number of investors.
II. No other scheme offers interest as
high as 10%.
106. Statement :
‘For easier and faster
communication, use our broadcast
connections’. An advertisement.
Assumptions :
I. Many people are looking up for
the best communication facilities.
II. Broadband connections are the
preferred modes of
communications.
107. Statement :
‘You must refer to learn to
dictionary, if you want to become
a good writer’, A advises B.
Assumptions :
I. Only writers refer to the dictionary.
II. All writers, good or bad, refer to
the dictionary.
108. Statement :
A advises B, ‘If you want to study
English, join Institute Y.’
Assumptions :
I. B listens to A’s advice.
II. Institute Y provides good coaching
for English.
Directions (Qs. 109 to 118) : Each
of these questions has a statement
based on the preceding passage.
Evaluate each statement and mark
answer as –
(1) if the statement is a Major
Objective in making the
decision : one of the goals
sought by the decision maker.
(2) if the statement is a Major
Factor in making the decision
: an aspect of the problem,
specifically mentioned in the
182
passage, which fundamentally
affects and/or determines the
decision.
(3) if the statement is a Minor
Factor in making the decision :
a less impor tant element
bearing on or affecting a Major
Factor, rather than a Major
Objective directly.
(4) if the statement is a Major
Assumption in making the
decision : a projection or
supposition arrived at by the
decision makerbefore considering
the factor and alternative.
Passage - I
The Delhi University’s (DU) decision
to convert its three-year undergraduate
(UG) programmes into four years with
multiple exit points and greater freedom
for students to pick their subjects is an
excellent step. Unlike the top universities
in the US, Britain and in other developed
nations, most Indian universities continue
to thrust a mandatory course structrue
down the throats of students, giving them
little opportunity to figure out where their
real interests and abilities lie. At present,
if a student wants to change her stream,
she will have to drop a year and apply
afresh. In the new scheme of things,
multiple exit points will allow students to
leave the course after three years and
come back later to continue it. The new
four-year programme will align with
international degree programmes, making
it easier for students to apply abroad for
post-graduate (PG) courses. Only India’s
professional education schools that teach
engineering, architecture, law and medicine
have internationally aligned course
structures. At present, Humanities and
Science students can’t go to the US to
study after they finish their three-year UG
programmes because they fall short of
the requirement of 16 years (10 + 2 +
4) of formal education that American
varsities want. Earlier in the year, DU
launched meta-university, which gives
students from one varsity the chance to
study in another varsity. These two
reforms—coupled with the shift to a
semester system—indicate that
administrators and policy-makers are now
willing to move forward. That DU is at
the forefront of these reforms is a welcome
sign because it is the country’s largest
university (in terms of numbers of fulltime
students) and has historically shown the
way to India’s higher education system.
But such changes can be introduced and
sustained only with the support of all
stakeholders. As the fracas between the
last DU vice-chancellor and his faculty
over the semester system showed, the
absence of discussions with teachers,
students and independent academicians
can make the reform process painful.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
109. The new four-year programme
will align with international degree
programme.
110. Humanities and science students
fall short of the requirement of sixteen
years of formal education.
111. Students will get enough
opportunities to pursue courses of their
abilities and interests.
112. Students can apply abroad for
post graduate courses.
113. Delhi University (DU) is the
largest university in the country.
Passage - II
Over half of the total number of
malls in the Delhi National Capital
Region (NCR) are vacant due to reasons
like economic and lack of robust revenue
generation model, according to a survey
conducted by the Associated Chambers
of Commerce and Industry of India
(Assocham). The total rate of vacancy
in malls in Delhi NCR is 55% while in
Mumbai it is 52% followed by
Ahmedabad - 51%, Chennai - 50%,
Hyderabad - 48% and Bangalore - 45%.
The survey further said that construction
of several malls has significantly been
delayed and withdrawn due to lukewarm
response from retailers. Vacancy levels
are due to poor location, poor design
and poor parking facilities while some
are operating at 60% occupancy. The
industry is also facing problems like
multiple taxes, lack of clarity in policies
and shortage of experts in areas such as
supply chain and store management.
Biggest shopping mall can feel like a
pretty lonely place. Majority of retailers
said that they are holding back on new
store openings and focusing on existing
stores. The sharpest decline in mall rental
values is also recorded high in Delhi-
NCR followed by Mumbai, Ahmedabad,
Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kolkata
and Pune. Most of the shop owners who
participated in the survey said that
increasing rents will not work because at
the end of the day, it has to be affordable
for retailers to do business. There are
about 1,200 shopping malls in the
country. Due to high rent and lack of
proper infrastructrue for luxury retailing,
many international brands are opting for
online retailing.
114. The designing of malls is poor.
115. The industry is facing problems
like multiple taxes, lack of clarity in
policies and shortage of exports.
116. The biggest shopping mall feels
like a lonely place.
117. Business in malls should be
affordable to the retailers.
118. Rents are high and there is a lack
of infrastructrue for luxury retailing.
Directions (Qs. 119 to 121) : Read
the following situation to answer
these questions.
 Situation
Urban areas in India are extremely
dirty and the conditions are deteriorating
day by day. Big heaps and mounds of
piled garbage can be seen not only
around slums, but also around busy
market places, where transactions in
millions take place. Public health is the
immediate sufferer and during the spread
of any epidemic, lives of people are at
the risk. The problems can be overcome
by adopting an alternate method of New
Public Management (NPM). According
to a survey, a traditional bureau chief
carries out garbage at present with
battalions of sweepers and fleets of
trucks. So, much of time is spent in
handling inputs to the workers. NPM is
the new technique of extension of
market principles to public
administration. It includes giving
contracts of services to the private
sectors, which could include cooperatives
of former municipal employees. By this
method, the bureau chief can supervise
the output of his bureau, instead of
focusing on inputs. This is the need of
the hour as we need clean towns to
ensure hygienic atmosphere.
119. What would the for mer
employees of municipal corporations do,
if New Public Management is
implemented ?
(1) Supervise the outputs of the
bureau.
(2) Become jobless as the contracts
will be in the hands of private
sector and hence they will form
unions and goon strikes.
(3) Form co-operatives and start
delivering the same services they
have been rendering.
(4) Be paid more due to increase in
efficiency and adaptability.
120. What can be inferred from the
given situation ?
(1) Poverty is also responsible for
epidemics break out.
(2) Dirty surroundings not always
reflect poverty.
(3) Lives of the poor people are at a
greater risk.
(4) Poverty is an indication of dirty
surroundings.
121. What is the advantage of New
Public Management over traditional
system ?
(1) The bureau chief can devote
more time and attention to the
result of the work undertaken.
(2) The New Public Management is
more efficient and economical
than the traditional system.
(3) The New Public Management will
ensure cleaner cities and towns.
(4) None of these.
Directions (Qs. 122 to 125) : A business
situation is given below followed by
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
four possible conclusions which can be 128. The country’s resources should
drawn from the facts stated in the be judiciously used.
situation. You have to examine each (1) sparingly (2) reasonably
conclusion separately in the context of (3) inadequately (4) immensely
the situation and decide upon its degree Directions (Qs. 129 to 131) : Choose
of truth or falsity. the word which is opposite in
Mark answer as – meaning of the underlined word in
(1) if conclusion is definitely true the sentence.
(2) if conclusion is probably true 129. He has a delicate constitution.
(3) if information given in passage (1) fit (2) ungainly
is inadequate to provide the (3) strong (4) rugged
answer 130. His appointment was confirmed
(4) if conclusion is definitely false last month.
‘Indian rice exporters might face tough (1) disappointment
competition in the International market’, (2) discharge
allege the exporters. International (3) suspension
demand for Indian rice surfaced, either (4) dismissal
due to its low prices or due to the crop 131. It used to be said that travel
failure in other competitive countries. broadens one’s outlook.
However, our competitors are having a (1) restricts (2) contracts
good crop of rice this year and which (3) shrinks (4) narrows
indeed sounds as a threat for India, they Directions (Qs. 132 to 135) : Choose
pointed out. The leading producing the option that is the plural form of
countries like Thailand, Vietnam, the given word.
Myanmar, USA and Pakistan are bringing 132. Anomaly
down their prices at par with Indian (1) anomalys (2) anomaly’s
prices. Internationally, these countries (3) anomalice (4) anomalies
have reduced price by $50 per tonne in 133. Louse
lower grades, coming almost at par with (1) lice (2) louses
Indian prices. Indian rice currently (3) louse’s (4) lousies
quoting price between $260 and $265 134. Mouse
per tonne. However, in high grade the (1) mice (2) mouses
difference still remains high. Therefore, (3) mousse (4) mouse
India can expect to be competitive in 135. Syllabus
high grades provided the quality and (1) sylabus (2) syllabi
deliveries are ensured in time. Pakistan (3) syllabus’ (4) sylabuses
is our main competitor and it has Directions (Qs. 136 to 139) : In each
reduced its price by 15 percent coming of these questions, choose the option
almost in line with the Indian prices. The which can be substituted for the given
very fact that international producers words.
have started to reduce their price is a 136. To examine one’s thoughts and
signal for Indian exporters to gear up feelings
for 2021-22. (1) Meditation (2) Retrospection
122. Indian rice exporters have no (3) Reflection (4) Introspection
potential threat in the International 137. A song embodying religious and
market for exporting rice. sacred emotions
123. Quality and delivery of goods in (1) Lyric (2) Ode
time are the two main components for (3) Hymn (4) Ballad
being in the forefront. 138. List of headings of the business
124. To remain in the International to be transacted at a meeting
market, India should reduce its price. (1) Schedule (2) Agenda
125. Indian crops were inferior in (3) Proceedings (4) Excerpts
quality to those of the leading rice- 139. To confine within walls
producing countries. (1) Immure (2) Immune
Directions (Qs. 126 to 128) : Choose (3) Immolate (4) Immigrant
the word which best expresses the Directions (Qs. 140 to 147) : Fill in
meaning of the underlined word in the blanks.
the sentence. 140. The main road neatly ______ the
126. The number of aboriginal town and offers a panoramic of all its
inhabitants in Australia is considerable. delights, ranging from nature parks to
(1) primitive (2) ancient an amusement centre, a nine hole golf
(3) unoriginal (4) irrational course to mountain resorts and a/an
127. The American policy did much _____ of shopping and dining options
to escalate the conflict. for your family.
(1) spread in a wider area (1) bisects, plethora
(2) scale up (2) cuts, range
(3) reduce in intensity (3) divides, diversity
(4) put an end to (4) demarcates, excess
183
 141. I have seen many people go (1) Maelstrom (2) Megilp 40 200 4
through a lifetime of anger, _____ at (3) Senate house (4) Magistral u 100 28 %
the rottenness of our society, at the 150. Very high-spirited; full of 100 7 7
inefficiency of our infrastructure, the cheerfulness or enthusiasm. 31. (3) : Let the number of visitors
_____ things they are not capable of (1) Eccentric (2) Eburnean be x.
doing. (3) Sporting (4) Ebullient Total collection = Rs. x
(1) exploding, callous Reduced entry fee = 0.8
(2) raving, cruel ANSWERS Net collection = 1.4x
(3) shouting, mean 1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (1) Number of visitors
(4) ranting, unhappy 5. (4) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (4) 1.4 x 7
142. The differentiated entitlements 9. (3) 10. (2) 11. (3) 12. (1) x
could be _______ to those who are 0.8 4
13. (1) 14. (2) 15. (4) 16. (4) Increase in number of
economically or physically _____ .
(1) confined, underprivileged 17. (2) 18. (2) 19. (3) 20. (4)
21. (3) : 13 + 23 + 33 + .......... + 103 3
(2) concerning, lesser than visitors x 75%
4
¦ ¦
(3) capsuled, privileged 2
But n3 n
(4) restricted, handicapped a
143. Should it enable every child, Here n = 10 32. (4) : P Q  Q
100
woman and man to have an _____ for 10 u 11
a healthy and productive life or just have
______ to the calories required for
¦ n
2
55
Q P
b
P
100
existence.
(1) interest, view
¦ n 3 55 2 3025 a b § a ·
22. (2) : Let the numbers be 2x, 3x Ÿ Q Q  100 Q  100 ¨© Q  100 Q¸¹
(2) opportunity, access
(3) occasion, sight and 4x respectively.
a b § a ·
(4) end, reach 4 x 2  9x 2  16x 2 116 Ÿ 100  100 ¨ 1  100 ¸ 0
144. To ensure food security for all, we © ¹
116
should be clear about the definition of the x2 4 x 2 a b ab
problem, the precise index of _____ 29   0
impact and the road map to ____ the goal. The numbers are 4, 6 and 8 100 100 100 u 100
(1) gauging, promote 23. (2) a b ab
(2) measuring, achieve Ÿ 
3000 100 100 100 u 100
(3) counting, reach 24. (1) :  1 41
(4) checking, scale 75 1 1 1
145. We _____ to inform you that we 
15 3 b a 100
cannot include your thesis in our library, 25. (2) : 33. (1) : Required sum of money
on the ____ of not receiving permission 35 7
from your supervisor. 26. (1) : Part of the cake Naina had 810 u 100
(1) saddened, reason § 1 1· = = Rs. 1500
1¨  ¸ 9u6
(2) lament, pretext © 2 3¹ 34. (3) : Rs. 220 (the difference) is the
(3) repent, justification interest on the sum for one
(4) regret, grounds 5 1
1 year,
146. When her illness took a turn for 6 6
the worse, the doctors took _____ to 27. (1) : Time taken by Jaidev 220 u 100
Sum Rs. 2200
_____ the situation.
11 10 u 1
(1) steps, ameliorate minute 35. (2) : Interest in one year
(2) approaches, better 5 = 7024.64 – 6272
(3) modes, improve Time taken by Rahul = Rs. 752.64
(4) measures, enhance 7 Rate of interest
147. The public relations agency ____ minute
out all the stops to ensure a _____ 4 752.64 u 100
= 12%
attendance at the gala. Ÿ Rahul takes less time and the 6272 u 1
(1) gave, phenomenal difference is 36. (1) :
(2) took, marvellous 37. (2) : (A + B)’s one day’s work
11 7 9
(3) pulled, spectacular  minute 1
(4) forked, staggering 5 4 20 =
Directions (Qs. 148 to 150) : In each 28. (3) 12
of these questions, choose the option 29. (3) : Let y = 100 (B + C)’s one day’s work
which can be substituted for the given x = 60 1
words. Ÿ y is in excess of x by =
148. To form a plot or scheme, 15
especially one to do something wrong 100  60 (C + A)’s one day’s work
u 100
or wicked, or designed to cause harm. 60 1
(1) Machinate (2) Conspire =
(3) Machete (4) Fatal 200 2 20
66 %
149. A place or state of uncontrollable 3 3 (A + B + C)’s one day’s work
confusion or destructive forces, especially 30. (3) : Let B’s income = Rs. 100
1§ 1 1 1 ·
one to which someone or something is A’s income = Rs. 140 = ¨   ¸
inevitably drawn. Required percentage 2 © 12 15 20 ¹
184 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 1 §54 3· 1 4 4
= ¨ ¸ 46. (3) : Let A cos or cos A Qs. 51 & 52 :
2 © 60 ¹ 5 5
1 2 2
1 12 1 and B = tan or tan B
= u 3 3
2 60 10
1 1
A’s one day’s work 
10 15 51. (1) 52. (3) 53. (3) 54. (1)
32 1 55. (2) 56. (4)
= 57. (4) :
30 30
Ÿ A can do the work in 30 days
38. (1) : Total hours worked by men tan A  tan B
tan ( A  B)
supplied by 1  tan A tan B
A o 20 u 8 u 6 960 hrs 3 2 17

B o 15 u 9 u 7 945 hrs 4 3 12 17
u2
C o 10 u 6 u 8 480 hrs 3 2 1 12
1 u 1
C’s share 4 3 2
480 17
u 636 Rs. 128 6
2385 58. (4) :
39. (1) : Let the leak takes x hours to 1 .5

³x
2
empty the cistern. 47. (4) : dx
2 1 1 0
 1.5
7 x 4
x3 OA 6 2  12 2 150
2 1 1
Ÿ  3 59. (3) 60. (1)
7 4 x 0
1 61. (4) :
1 1 = 3.375 1.125
Ÿ Ÿ x 28 hours 3
28 x
40. (3) 48. (1) : If the side of the square is
x.
41. (4) : Only option 4 satisfies the
given conditions. 2 x 15 (Diagonal of the
square) 62. (3)
42. (2) : Required ratio
225 63. (3) : 130 o 5 3  5
5 2
= u 100 Area = x
2
sq. metre
1010 o 10 3  10
8
If the side of the triangle is ‘a’ 64. (3) : 240 o 16 2  16
125 1
= 62 %
2 2 225 3 2 110 o 112  11
43. (4) : In walking 5 km, the a 65. (1) : Two lines are deleted in each
2 4
man will take rest 4 times figure from left to right.
after every km. Total time 225 u 4 66. (4) 67. (2) 68. (4) 69. (2)
taken a2 259.8 70. (2) 71. (3) 72. (3) 73. (2)
2 3
= 30  20 50 mts. a = 16.11 m 74. (1) 75. (4) 76. (3) 77. (2)
49. (1) : 78. (2) 79. (2) 80. (4) 81. (1)
44. (4) : Let the distance be S. 82. (1) 83. (2) 84. (2) 85. (3)
S S 35 86. (1) 87. (1) 88. (2) 89. (3)
 1
1 1 1 1 60 90. (1) 91. (1) 92. (2) 93. (4)
9 2 9 2 94. (2) 95. (2) 96. (2) 97. (1)
2 2 2 2
98. (2) 99. (4) 100. (1) 101. (1)
S S 19 102. (2) 103. (1) 104. (4) 105. (1)
Ÿ 
12 7 12 106. (4) 107. (2) 108. (2) 109. (1)
30 110. (2) 111. (1) 112. (3) 113. (4)
7 S  12 S 19 tan 45q 1 114. (1) 115. (2) 116. (3) 117. (4)
Ÿ 6A 118. (2) 119. (3) 120. (2) 121. (1)
84 12
OA = 30m 122. (4) 123. (1) 124. (3) 125. (4)
Ÿ S = 7 km
45. (3) : Relative speed 30 126. (1) 127. (1) 128. (1) 129. (2)
tan 60q 3 130. (4) 131. (1) 132. (4) 133. (1)
= 40 – 4 = 36 km/hr OB
Distance = 150m 134. (1) 135. (2) 136. (4) 137. (3)
30 138. (2) 139. (1) 140. (1) 141. (3)
Time OB 17.32
3 142. (4) 143. (2) 144. (2) 145. (4)
150 u 3600 AB = 30 + 17.32 = 47.32m 146. (1) 147. (3) 148. (2) 149. (1)
15 seconds 150. (4)
36 u 1000 50. (1)
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 185
MOCK TEST
Q.1) With reference to 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act,
1993, consider the following statements:
1. It created a three-tier system of Panchayats in all
the states.
2. The Act provides the subjects on which the Gram
Panchayats are allowed to levy taxes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.2) Consider the following statements with reference to
administration of Satavahanas:
1. Ahara was the lowest unit of administration.
2. Gaulmika was the head of military regiment.
3. Kataka was a military camp which served as an
administrative centre.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.3) Which of the following is incorrect in reference to
the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) Scheme?
a) EPF scheme is open to both government as well
as private sector employees.
b) Interest on Employee’s contribution is exempt
from tax.
c) Employers’ contribution to EPF is capped.
d) EPF interest rate is declared every year by the
EPFO.
Q.4) It has been upgraded to National Park from Wildlife
Sanctuary recently to protect the sanctity of area from
coal and oil mining exploration. It is also known as
Jeypore forest having fauna like Malayan sun bear and
marbled cat. It is also referred as The Amazon of
East and is home to Asiatic Elephants. The national
park mentioned here is:
a) Dehing Patkai National Park
b) Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
c) Nameri National Park
d) Orang National Park
Q.5) This body can alter the boundary of constituencies
for the purpose of conduction of election. This is a
high-power body whose orders have the force of law.
Its orders cannot be questioned in a court of law.
Which of the following institutions matches the
description given above?
a) Election Commission of India
b) State Election Commission
c) Delimitation Commission
d) The Parliament of India
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Q.6) With reference to the Globally Important Agriculture
Heritage Systems (GIAHS), consider the following
statements:
1. The World Food Programme recognises the
Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems
(GIAHS) among different countries.
2. Traditional Agricultural System in Koraput and
Below Sea Level Farming System in Kuttanad,
are the only GIAHS-designated sites in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.7) In the scenario where the Executive has majority in
the State Legislature, which among the following is
not a discretionary power of the Governor of a State?
a) Reservation of a bill for the consideration of the
President.
b) Recommendation for the imposition of the
President’s Rule in the state.
c) Seeking information from the Chief Minister with
regard to legislative matters of the state.
d) The power to summon and dissolve the House
of the State Legislature
Q.8) Consider the following statements regarding Article
142 of the Constitution of India :
1. It enables the Supreme Court and High Courts
to pass orders for doing complete justice.
2. The Parliament cannot make any law to limit the
power of the Supreme Court to punish a person
for the contempt of the court.
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.9) Which among the following organisations publishes
the Global Terrorism Index?
a) Human Rights Watch
b) Economist Intelligence Unit
c) Institute for Economics & Peace
d) United Nations Security Council
Q.10) Consider the following statements about Bharat QR code:
1. It is a single unified QR code capable of accepting
payments from Visa, Master Card, RuPay Cards.
2. It requires an upfront investment in form of
Point of Sale (PoS) machine.
3. It has been developed by Reserve Bank of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
187
MOCK TEST
Q.11) With reference to the Companies (Corporate Social Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Responsibility Policy) Amendment Rules, 2021, a) 1 and 2 only
consider the following: b) 2 and 3 only
1. CSR funds cannot be spent for creation or c) 3 only
acquisition of capital asset. d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Every entity undertaking CSR activities must Q.16) Consider the following statements about the right to
register itself with the Central Government. internet access in India:
3. All companies will have to prepare an impact 1. The freedom of speech and expression using the
assessment report for all CSR projects. Internet is a fundamental right.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. Maharashtra had become the first state to declare
a) 1 and 3 only the access to Internet “a basic human right”.
b) 2 only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
c) 2 and 3 only a) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 b) 2 only
Q.12) With reference to the Odissi dance, consider the c) Both 1 and 2
following: d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. Odhra Magadha can be identified as the earliest Q.17) Consider the following statements regarding postal
precursor of Odissi. voting in Indian elections:
2. The tribhanga and the chowk posture are some 1. An individual under preventive detention can vote
of the prominent features of Odissi dance. by postal ballot.
3. Mangalacharan, an offering to mother earth, is 2. Postal ballots are counted first on the counting
the opening item of the dance. day of an election.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 3. Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) were allowed to
vote through postal ballot for the first time in
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only 2019 general election.
c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q.13) Consider the following statements with respect to financial a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only
decentralisation during the British rule in India? c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
1. Lord Ripon divided the sources of revenue in Q.18) Which of the following statements with reference to
three groups, Imperial, Provincial and Local. the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is
2. Provincial and Central budget got separated by correct?
the Government of India Act 1919. a) All members of the African Union are part of
3. Government of India Act 1935, had the provision the free trade area.
for Grants-in-aid to the provinces. b) This is the largest regional free trade agreement
Select the correct answer using the code given below: in terms of number of countries.
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 only c) This is the only free trade area in the African
c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 continent.
Q.14) Consider the following statements with reference to d) It has subsumed all the existing regional economic
the Plastics and Pollution caused by plastics: communities.
1. The Basel Convention aims to regulate the Q.19) Recently this beach has been accorded ‘Blue Flag’ tag
by Foundation for Environment Education (FEE) for
disposal of hazardous and other waste. having grey water treatment plants and solid waste
2. The United Nations Environment Programme management plants. It is situated in Karnataka and is
(UNEP) defines microplastics as plastic particles famous for the Dakkebali ritual held once in two years.
smaller than 5 millimetre. The beach mentioned here is:
3. Persistent organic pollutants can cause a rise in a) Rushikonda Beach
the distribution of algae linked to red tides. b) Radhanagar Beach
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? c) Kappad Beach
a) 1 and 3 only d) Padubidri Beach
b) 2 and 3 only Q.20) Consider the following statements regarding Labour
c) 2 only Code on wage.
d) 1, 2 and 3 1. The new Code on Wages would extend coverage
Q.15) Which of the following statements regarding the to the entire Labour force.
moderate leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale is/are correct? 2. The term ‘Wage’ includes salary, allowance, bonus
1. He was given the title of ‘the leader of the or any travelling allowance payable to employees.
opposition’. Which of the following statements are correct?
2. He was influenced by the British philosopher a) 1 only
Edmund Burke. b) 2 only
3. He was a professor at the Fergusson College in c) Both 1 and 2
Pune. d) Neither 1 nor 2
188 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
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Q.21) With reference to Global Geoparks, consider the
following statements:
1. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization grants global geopark
status.
2. A Global Geopark status is given for a period of
four years, subject to revaluation. Q.26)
3. Lonar Lake in Maharashtra and Malpe Beach in
Karnataka are Global Geoparks in India.
Which of the following statements given above is/are
correct?
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.22) Consider the following statements about Genetic
Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC):
1. It functions in the Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Q.27)
2. It has been constituted under Environmental
Protection Act, 1986.
3. The Committee is chaired by the Minister of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.28)
Q.23) With reference to the Industrial Relations Code, 2020,
consider the following statements:
1. Prior permission of the government is needed
before closure be required for establishments with
at least 300 workers.
2. Status of sole negotiating union will be given to
the union that has at least 51% of the employees
as its members.
3. The code restricts fixed term employment to
specific jobs.
4. The code allows women to be employed in all
types of establishments for all types of work.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Q.29)
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 4 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q.24) With reference to the Anushilan Samiti, consider the
following statements:
1. Anushilan Samiti was associated with Subhas
Chandra Bose.
2. Yugantar was published by its members.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q.30)
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.25) Consider the following statements with reference to
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions:
1. Nitrous oxide is more potent greenhouse gas as
compared to carbon dioxide.
2. Agricultural soil is a major source of the nitrous
oxide emissions.
3. Nitrous oxide has the highest concentration
among greenhouse gases responsible for global
warming.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Which of the following statements given above is/are
correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Regarding the Indian Universities Act, 1904, which of
the following options is incorrect ?
a) It placed the Calcutta University under
governmental control.
b) Government enjoyed powers to veto universities’
senate regulations.
c) It encouraged the affiliation of private colleges
with the government universities.
d) Universities were asked to give more attention to
study and research.
Which of the following terms best describes the
phenomenon where the economy of a country
contracts for a second consecutive quarter?
a) Slowdown
b) Technical recession
c) Depression
d) Stagnation
With reference to the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC), consider the following
statements:
1. Both Taiwan (Republic of China) and China
(People’s Republic of China) are members of
APEC.
2. The headquarter is situated in Hong Kong.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the following is incorrect in reference to
Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC) announced in
the Budget speech for FY2021-22?
a) State-owned banks will transfer loans to ARC
without going through any price discovery
mechanism.
b) ARC will have an Asset Management Company
(AMC) to manage and sell bad assets.
c) There will be 51% Central Government equity in
the ARC.
d) ARC will help to clean balance sheet of banks.
With reference to river Tapi, consider the following
statements:
1. It originates from Amarkantak plateau.
2. Purna and Panjhra are important tributaries of
river Tapi.
3. It flows through a rift valley.
4. It flows exclusively in Madhya Pradesh and
Gujarat.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 4 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 2, 3 and 4 only
189
MOCK TEST
Q.31) Consider the following statements about African Swine Q.36) Consider the following statements regarding the
Flu (ASF): Committee on Ethics of the Parliament :
1. It is a severe viral disease that affects wild and 1. The members of the Ethics Committee of the
domestic pigs. House are elected by the members of the House.
2. It is a type of zoonotic disease and lethal for 2. The committee examines cases concerning
humans. allegation of ethical misconduct of members.
3. There has been no incidence of outbreak in India. 3. The committee advises members on questions
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? of ethical standards only on receiving specific
a) 1 only request.
b) 1 and 2 only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
c) 2 only a) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 b) 2 only
Q.32) With reference to Voluntary Retention Route (VRR), c) 2 and 3 only
consider the following: d) 1 and 3 only
1. VRR scheme aims to attract Foreign Direct Q.37) Consider the following pairs with reference to the
Investment in India. judicial reforms during British rule in India:
2. VRR channel is aimed at attracting long-term Governor-General Judicial Reforms
and stable investments into debt markets. 1. Warren Hastings Establishment of Supreme
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Court at Calcutta
a) 1 only 2. Cornwallis Abolished District
b) 2 only Fauzdari Courts
c) Both 1 and 2 3. William Bentinck Macaulay Commission for
d) Neither 1 nor 2 codification of laws
Q.33) Which of the following statements about National Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) is correct? matched?
1. It is an independent regulator to oversee the a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
auditing profession and accounting standards. c) 1 only d) 1, 2 and 3
2. It can probe listed companies only. Q.38) With reference to federalism as envisaged in the
3. It lacks the power to impose penalty as it is Constitution of India, which of the following
advisory in nature. statements is correct?
Select the correct statement using the code given below: a) The Union of India is the result of agreements
among constituent states.
a) 1 only
b) Residuary powers under the Seventh Schedule
b) 2 only are vested in the states.
c) 1 and 3 only c) India is an indestructible Union composed of
d) 2 and 3 only indestructible States.
Q.34) With reference to Food subsidy in India, consider the d) The Constitution of India is the supreme law of
following statements: the land.
1. The food subsidy has risen consistently over the Q.39) Consider the following statements regarding the new
last decade. Covid-19 vaccine policy of the Government of India.
2. The Central Issue Price of rice and wheat for 1. The vaccines will be procured by the Centre only,
National Food Security Act beneficiaries is linked who would distribute it to the states.
to inflation and revised periodically. 2. The Centre would notify the price of vaccines
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? which would be sold by the private sector.
a) 1 only 3. The policy would make India the first country to
b) 2 only allow open-market sale of Covid-19 vaccine.
c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
d) Neither 1 nor 2 a) 2 only b) 1 and 2 only
Q.35) Consider the following statements. c) 3 only d) 1 and 3 only
1. India has two permanent research stations in the Q.40) In the context of Patent and Copyright in India
Arctic named as Maitri and Himadri. consider the following statements:
2. India has one permanent research station in 1. Like Patents, Copyrights also mandatorily require
Antarctica named as Bharati. registration.
3. India has been elected as an observer of Arctic 2. Both Patents and Copyrights are territorial in
Council for the first time in 2019. nature.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect ? Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only b) 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only c) Both 1 and 2
d) 1, 2 and 3 d) Neither 1 nor 2
190 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
Q.41) Consider the following statements regarding the Moon Q.47) With reference to the Preamble to the Constitution of
Treaty: India, which of the following statements is correct?
1. The treaty provides that the placement of a) It is based on the preamble of the American
personnel, equipment, facilities, stations and Constitution.
installations on the surface of the Moon shall b) It is the source of power to Parliament.
also create a right of ownership over the area. c) It indicates the ultimate sovereignty of the people
2. All the countries who engage in human space of India.
flight must ratify the treaty. d) It is enforceable in the court of law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Q.48) Which of the following statements is correct with
a) 1 only b) 2 only reference to the distribution of powers between Centre
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 and states?
Q.42) Consider the following statements regarding the Office a) Only during National Emergency Parliament can
of Profit : make laws on matters enumerated in the State
1. Article 102 of the Constitution of India defines List.
‘Office of Profit’. b) Both the Union and the states can levy Integrated
2. A person who acquires a contract from a GST.
government is not guilty of holding an office of c) The State List has predominance over the
profit. Concurrent List.
3. The Parliament can pass a law to exclude certain d) Only the Parliament has the power to levy
offices from being considered as ‘Office of residuary taxes.
Profit’. Q.49) Among the following cities, which one lies on a latitude
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? closest to Tropic of Cancer?
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only a) Bhopal b) Jaipur
c) 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 c) Raipur d) Kolkata
Q.43) Which of the following represents the correct order Q.50) With reference to Overseas Citizen of India (OCI)
of crude steel producers in the world, arranged in cards, which of the following statements is/are correct?
descending order for the year 2019? 1. OCI cardholders do not need a visa for entry
a) China, Japan, USA, India into and stay in India for any number of days.
b) China, India, Japan, USA 2. Both the NRI and OCI are Indian citizens
c) USA, China, India, Japan residing in foreign country.
d) China, Japan, India, USA 3. Recently, Government of India allowed OCI
Q.44) “It is thicker at the edges than at the middle. Such a cardholders to vote in Indian elections.
lens diverges light rays and is also called diverging Select the correct answer using the code given below:
lens. It is commonly used to correct Myopia which is a) 1 only
also known as near-sightedness. As it gives a wider b) 1 and 2 only
view of the object or area, such a lens is used in c) 2 and 3 only
peepholes in the doors”. d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following best describes the above- Q.51) Which of the following statements regarding the reign
mentioned scenario? of Sikandar Lodi is incorrect ?
a) Convex lens b) Concave lens a) The rent rolls (jama) prepared during his time
c) Bi-focal lens d) Cylindrical lens formed the basis of the rent rolls used by Sher
Q.45) In the context of recent advances in 3 D bioprinting, Shah Suri.
which of the above activities can be successfully carried b) He introduced the practice of audit.
out? c) There was rampant prevalence of robbery and
1. Functional human skin dacoity on highways.
2. Load-bearing bones d) He imposed a ban on use of any language other
3. Functional liver tissues than Persian in the government offices.
4. Replace lengthy clinical trials. Q.52) Consider the following statements with reference to
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Zombie fires recently seen in News:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only 1. It’s a smoldering fire from a previous growing
b) 2 and 4 only season underneath the ground’s carbon-rich peat.
c) 1, 3 and 4 only 2. The fires contribute towards the global warming.
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 3. The majority of Zombie fires occur in tropical
regions of the world.
Q.46) Which among the following states has recently
introduced the ‘Right to recall’ an elected representative Which of the following statements given above is/are
at the Panchayat level? correct?
a) Maharashtra a) 1 and 2 only
b) Rajasthan b) 2 only
c) Kerala c) 1 and 3 only
d) Haryana d) 1, 2 and 3
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 191
MOCK TEST
Q.53) With reference to the influence of Iranian invasion in
6th century B.C., consider the following statements:
1. Kharosthi script developed as a result of Iranian
invasion.
2. Use of Punch-marked coins in India started as a
result of Iranian contacts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.54) With reference to the Convention on the Legal Status
of the Caspian Sea, which of the following statements
are correct?
1. It was signed under the aegis of the United
Nations.
2. It allowed jurisdiction of the littoral countries
over Caspian Sea waters up to 15 nautical miles
from their coasts.
3. It provided a formula for allocating the sea bed
and its mineral deposits to the littoral countries.
4. It forbids non-littoral countries from any kind
of construction of pipeline in the waters of the
Caspian.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Q.55) With reference to the Disinvestment policy announced
in the Budget Speech for FY2021-22, consider the
following:
1. The strategic sectors will be reserved exclusively
for Central Public Sector Enterprises.
2. NITI Aayog will prepare list of Central Public
Sector companies that would be taken up for
strategic disinvestment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.56) With reference to the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-
Sectorial Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC), which of the following statements is
correct?
a) The grouping’s member comprises of countries
from South Asia only.
b) Nepal and Bhutan were the latest addition to the
grouping.
c) The grouping has yet not hosted any summit-
level meet with Heads of the Nations.
d) Its permanent secretariat is located in Colombo,
Sri Lanka.
Q.57) Which of the following options describes the Nai
Udaan scheme of the Ministry of Minority affairs?
a) It is a capacity building scheme for government
workers who belong to minority community.
b) It is a skill training initiative coordinated by the
National Skill Development Corporation and
National Commission for Minorities.
192
c) It is a scholarship programme for students who
have passed the Civil Ser vices preliminary
examination.
d) It provides refinancing facility to those financial
institutions which lend to MSMEs.
Q.58) With reference to Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
(ITCZ), consider the following statements:
1. By the month of July, the ITCZ shifts northwards
roughly parallel to 20°-25° N latitude.
2. Northern shift of ITCZ is related with the
withdrawal of the tropical easterly jet stream from
the north Indian plain.
3. ITCZ attracts the maritime tropical air mass from
the southern hemisphere.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.59) With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’ (ESZ), which
of the following statements is correct?
a) ESZ are the areas that are declared under the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
b) An ESZ could go up to 10 kilometres around a
protected area as provided in the Wildlife
Conservation Strategy, 2002.
c) The state governments have the exclusive
authority to limit the areas of the ESZs.
d) The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive
Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities
in those zones except agriculture.
Q.60) With reference to the Wetlands (Conservation and
Management) Rules, 2017, which of the following
statements is/are correct?
1. The Central Wetland Regulatory Authority
(CWRA) at the Central level will be replaced by
a national committee.
2. There is provision of appeal before the National
Green Tribunal against the decision of wetland
authorities.
3. Salt pans, river channels and paddy fields have
been removed from the definition of wetlands.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 3 only d) 2 and 3 only
Q.61) Arrange the following according to their increasing
order of ‘liquidity’:
1. Saving deposits with the banks.
2. Currency and coins with the public.
3. Demand deposits with the banks.
4. Term deposits with the banks.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 4-1-3-2 b) 2-3-1-4
c) 3-4-1-2 d) 1-2-3-4
Q.62) Who among the following was appointed by the
Bombay Legislative Council to work with the Simon
Commission in 1928?
a) C. Rajagopalachari
b) M.N. Roy
c) Tej Bahadur Sapru
d) B. R. Ambedkar
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
Q.63) Consider the following statements regarding Outcome 2. The members of the Non-Aligned Movement
and Performance Budgets: cannot be part of a multilateral military alliance.
1. Outcome Budget is presented by the Ministry of Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Finance, whereas Perfor mance Budget is a) 1 only
presented by different departments of a Ministry. b) 2 only
2. Outcome Budget is a micro-level process and c) Both 1 and 2
Performance Budget is a macro-level process.
d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Many Outcome Budgets form one Performance
Budget. Q.69) With reference to the Mughal era miniature paintings,
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? which of the following options is correct?
a) 1, 2 and 3 a) The paintings focused on glorifying the rulers
and their battles.
b) 1 and 2 only
b) The use of 3 dimensional figures was the defining
c) 1 only
feature of the Shah Jahan’s period.
d) 2 and 3 only
c) The Mughal paintings reached its zenith during
Q.64) ‘Great reset’, recently seen in news, is an initiative Akbar’s reign.
related to which of the following?
d) Mughal era paintings were unique because of the
a) Transforming Capitalism
liberal use of gold leaf and gemstones.
b) Promoting Gender Equality
Q.70) Consider the following pairs:
c) Adoption of Renewable Energy
Puppet Forms Types
d) Prevention of Climate Change
Q.65) Consider the following statements regarding Bio- 1. Kundhei Shadow Puppet
Medical Waste Management Rules 2016 : 2. Gombeyatta String Puppet
1. It provides for disposal of laboratory waste, 3. Pavakoothu Glove Puppet
microbiological waste, blood samples and blood Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
bags of an institution directly to the common matched?
bio-medical waste treatment facility. a) 1 and 2 only
2. The land for setting up of common bio-medical b) 2 only
waste treatment facility is provided by the Central c) 1 and 3 only
Government.
d) 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q.71) Which of the following statements shall be assessed as
a) 1 only observable impacts of climate change?
b) 2 only 1. The length of the frost-free season and the
c) Both 1 and 2 corresponding growing season has been increasing
d) Neither 1 nor 2 in agriculture.
Q.66) Consider the following statements: 2. Increase in intensity of tropical cyclones in the
1. The snowline in western Himalayas is at a higher Indian Ocean.
altitude than the eastern Himalayas. 3. Non-uniform rise in the temperatures across the
2. The average height of western Himalayas is more world over time.
than the eastern Himalayas. Select the correct answer using the code below:
3. Eastern Himalayas have different orogeny a) 1 and 2 only
compared to western Himalayas.
b) 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
c) 1 and 3 only
a) 2 only
b) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3
c) 2 and 3 only Q.72) Consider the following statements:
d) 1, 2 and 3 1. Reflation is enacted after a period of economic
slowdown or contraction to stimulate spending
Q.67) Which of the following statements regarding Himalayan and curb the effects of deflation.
brown bear is incorrect ?
a) It can be found in the most remote mountain 2. Disinflation is a decrease in the general price
regions of Nepal, India, Pakistan and Tibet. levels of goods and services.
b) It is listed under Appendix I in CITES and 3. Deflation means that there is still rise in prices
Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. but overall rate is slow.
c) It is an omnivores animal. 4. Skewflation means that some sectors are facing
d) It lives throughout the entire year with no long inflation while other sectors of economy do not.
period of sleep. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect ?
Q.68) With reference to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), a) 1 only
which of the statements given below is/are correct? b) 2 and 3 only
1. It has been founded in the Bandung Asian- c) 1 and 4 only
African Conference in 1955. d) 1, 2 and 3 only
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 193
MOCK TEST
Q.73) Which of the following nitrogenous bases are present Q.78) A person who is born with a hereditary disease,
in DNA? undergoes correction of a gene defect that is causing
1. Adenine the disease. Here, genes are inserted into a person’s
2. Guanine cells and tissues to treat a disease. Correction of a
genetic defect involves delivery of a normal gene into
3. Uracil the individual or embryo to take over the function of
4. Thymine and compensate for the non-functional gene.
5. Cytosine Which of the following terms best describes the above-
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: mentioned process?
a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only a) Molecular Diagnosis
b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only b) Gene Therapy
c) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only c) Active Immunity
d) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only d) Crossbreeding
Q.74) What are the advantages of floating solar energy plants? Q.79) With reference to Human and Physical Capital, which
1. Increased Efficiency of a Solar Panel of the statements given below is correct?
2. Lower cost of Installation a) Human capital is tangible and Physical capital is
intangible.
3. Lower evaporation of water bodies.
b) Human capital is sold in the market whereas
Select the correct statement using the code given below: Physical capital is not.
a) 1 and 2 only c) Physical capital is more mobile than Human
b) 2 and 3 only capital.
c) 1 and 3 only d) Unlike Human capital, Physical capital depreciates
d) 1, 2 and 3 only with time.
Q.75) With reference to the Jain temples, which of the Q.80) Which of the following statements regarding migratory
following statements is/are correct? birds and its festivals is correct?
1. The oldest Jain pilgrimage sites are found in a) Of the nine migratory bird flyways, the East-
Karnataka. Asia Australasia flyway goes from India.
2. Nagapattinam was a major centre for Jainism until b) Kalrav, the bird festival of Goa was organised
the Chola period. recently for the first time.
3. The Jain temples at Mount Abu are famous for c) The State of India’s Bird 2020 was the first-of-
its unique patterns on every ceiling. its-kind analysis released at the 13th Conference
Select the correct answer using the code given below: of Parties of the Convention on the Conservation
a) 1 only of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
b) 1 and 3 only d) The annual Flamingo Festival is held in the
Chillika Lake.
c) 3 only
Q.81) Which of the following is/are correct about Indian
d) 2 and 3 only Banks Association (IBA)?
Q.76) With reference to the Autonomous District Area in 1. IBA is an association of Indian banks and
Tripura, who among the following may direct that an financial institutions formed in 1946 in Mumbai.
act of the state legislative Assembly does not apply to 2. Co-operative Banks and Regional Rural Banks
the Autonomous District Area? can become members of IBA.
a) The President of India 3. Foreign Banks cannot become member of IBA.
b) The Governor Select the correct answer using the code below:
c) The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only
Council c) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 3 only
d) National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Q.82) Match the following pairs of treaties and their nuclear
Q.77) With reference to Third-Party Insurance, consider the weapons free zones:
following statements: Treaty Nuclear weapons free
1. The ‘third-party’ is responsible for the losses and zone
damages. 1. Treaty of Tlatelolco A. Southeast Asia
2. Automobile insurance can be an example of third- 2. Treaty of Rarotonga B. Africa
party insurance. 3. Treaty of Bangkok C. South Pacific
3. Long-term third-party motor insurance has been 4. Treaty of Pelindaba D. Latin America and the
withdrawn by IRDAI for four and two-wheelers. Caribbean
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 2 only a) 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D
b) 1 and 3 only b) 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B
c) 2 and 3 only c) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D
d) 1, 2 and 3 d) 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A
194 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
MOCK TEST
Q.83) Consider the following statements regarding the Q.87) “They are areas that appear darker on the surface of
Conference of Disarmament: the Sun because they are cooler than other parts of
1. It is the single multilateral disar mament the Sun’s surface. They are formed in areas where
negotiating forum comprising of nuclear as well magnetic fields are particularly strong”.
as non-nuclear states. What is being described in the above paragraph?
2. The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear a) Solar Flare b) Sunspot
Weapons was recently finalised under the c) Solar Prominence d) Sun cycle
Conference of Disarmament. Q.88) With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
3. It operates independently from the United Yojana (PMMSY), consider the following statements:
Nations. 1. It is being implemented in the coastal states only.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. The scheme focuses both on seaweed and
a) 1 and 2 only ornamental fish cultivation.
b) 2 only 3. The scheme has both Central Sector and Centrally
c) 1 and 3 only Sponsored components.
d) 2 and 3 only Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q.84) Match the following pairs of defence exercises of India a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 only
and the countries involved in it: c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
Exercise Countries Q.89) Which of the following statements best describes
Personal Disposable Income?
1. Vajra Prahar A. Singapore
a) A part of National Income that is transferred to
2. SAMPRITI B. France the households.
3. Desert Knight C. Bangladesh b) A part of National Income that is transferred to
4. SIMBEX D. United States of the households excluding taxes and fines.
America c) The maximum amount of goods and services
Select the correct answer using the code given below: the domestic economy has at its disposal.
a) 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A d) The monetary value of all finished goods and
b) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A services made within a country during a specific
c) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C period.
d) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C Q.90) Consider the following statements:
Q.85) Consider the following statements about Radio 1. The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is a public
Frequency Identification (RFID) technology: authority under the Right to Information (RTI)
Act.
1. Like Barcoding, RFID uses a pattern of black 2. The Supreme Court collegium’s meetings do not
bars and white spaces in which the information come under the Right to Information (RTI) Act.
is coded.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2. Both the antenna and the tag are to be located
a) 1 only b) 2 only
very near to each other for communication to
take place. c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. This technology has been deployed in FASTag. Q.91) What do you understand by the ter m Arctic
amplification?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) The fires around the Arctic arising from a
a) 1 and 2 only previous growing season that can smoulder under
b) 3 only the ground.
c) 2 and 3 only b) The thinning of the ozone layer due to weak
d) 1, 2 and 3 polar vortex at the North Pole.
Q.86) Consider the following statements: c) Air temperatures across the Arctic have been
1. The Constitution of India states that a community increasing at a rate that is about twice the global
which is socially, political and economically non- average.
dominant in population should be called as a d) Growing human intervention in Arctic region.
minority. Q.92) Which of the following statements correctly describes
2. The minorities are determined based on the the supplementary grant made by Parliament under
population of a community at the national level. special circumstances?
a) It is granted for additional expenditure upon new
3. The Constitution of India enlists Muslims, ser vices not contemplated in the early
Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, Sikh and Christians as appropriation.
religious minorities.
b) It is granted when the amount already authorised
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? by Parliament is found to be insufficient.
a) 1 and 3 only c) It is granted when money spent on a service is
b) 2 only in excess of the amount granted in the Budget.
c) 1 and 2 only d) It is granted for a special purpose and forms no
d) 1, 2 and 3 only part of the current service of any financial year.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 195
MOCK TEST
Q.93) Which of the following statements regarding the 4. Union Territories with Legislative Assemblies
Swadeshi movement is/ are correct? need to be consulted before making changes in
1. ‘Swadesh Geetham’ written by Subramania their boundaries.
Bharati was inspired by this movement. Which of the statements given above are correct?
2. Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was set up a) 1 and 2 only
V.O. Chidambaram Pillai during the movement. b) 2 and 4 only
3. Traditional folk theatres such as jatras were used c) 1 and 3 only
to disseminate swadeshi messages. d) 1, 3 and 4 only
a) 3 only Q.98) Which of the following regions are separated by Malda
b) 2 and 3 only fault?
c) 1 and 3 only a) Kachh mainland and Rann of Kachh.
d) 1, 2 and 3 b) Satpura and Vindhya ranges.
Q.94) Which of the following is/are correct about Honey c) Karbi Anglong plateau and Chota Nagpur plateau.
Farmer Producer Organisation Programme. d) Nilgiri hills and Anaimalai hills.
1. Under the scheme, 50,000 Honey FPOs Q.99) Which of the following fundamental rights of an
will be developed by Cluster Based Business individual is not protected under Article 21 of the
Organisations in 16 states across India. Constitution of India?
2. This programme is wholly implemented by the a) Right to privacy
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural b) Right to health
Development (NABARD).
c) Right to freedom of conscience
Select the correct answer using the code below:
d) Right to speedy trial
a) 1 only
Q.100)Consider the following statements regarding the
b) 2 only National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi:
c) 1 and 2 both 1. The Legislative Assembly can make laws on public
d) Neither 1 nor 2 order and land only with prior sanction of the
Q.95) What was the most important reason for the death of President.
over 18,000 birds in and around Rajasthan’s Sambhar 2. The Chief Minister holds office during the
Lake in 2019, according to the Indian Veterinary pleasure of the President.
Research Institute (IVRI)? 3. The President is empowered to promulgate
a) Heavy drought in November 2019 in Rajasthan ordinances when the Legislative Assembly is not
b) Avian Influenza in session.
c) Avian botulism Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
d) Drying up of the Sambhar wetland a) 1 only
Q.96) With reference to the Chief Electoral Officer (CEC) b) 2 only
of a state, consider the following statements: c) 1 and 3 only
1. The CEC is appointed by the Governor of the d) 2 and 3 only
state under Article 324 of the Constitution of
India. ANSWERS
2. The CEC supervises the preparation, revision and 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
correction of electoral rolls in the state. 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (a)
3. The Chief Electoral Officer is also empowered 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (d)
to hear appeals against the orders passed by the 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (a)
Electoral Registration Officers in the state. 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (a)
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (c)
a) 1 and 2 only 31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (d)
36. (b) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (b)
b) 2 only 41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (d)
c) 2 and 3 only 46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (a) 50. (a)
d) 1, 2 and 3 51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (b) 55. (b)
Q.97) Consider the following statements: 56. (b) 57. (c) 58. (c) 59. (b) 60. (b)
1. The territorial integrity of any state is not 61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (d) 64. (a) 65. (d)
guaranteed by the Constitution. 66. (a) 67. (d) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (d)
71. (d) 72. (b) 73. (d) 74. (c) 75. (c)
2. An amendment to the Constitution is needed to 76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (b) 79. (c) 80. (c)
establish a new state. 81. (b) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (a) 85. (b)
3. Settlement of a boundary dispute between India 86. (b) 87. (b) 88. (c) 89. (b) 90. (c)
and a neighbour country requires a constitutional 91. (c) 92. (b) 93. (d) 94. (a) 95. (c)
amendment. 96. (c) 97. (a) 98. (c) 99. (c) 100. (b)
196 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Indian National Movement
K. K. Bhardwaj
Eminent Author of History Books

Revolutionary Patriots
The first decade of the 20th century
witnessed the growth of various
revolutionary societies in different
parts of the country. They believed
that they would be able to demoralise
the administrative machinery of the
government by terrorising the big
bosses of the imperial bureaucracy and
thus win freedom for the country
through coercive tactics. Since the
government suppressed various political
movements and imprisoned the national
leaders, the activities of these
revolutionary societies and groups
gained a big momentum as underground
patriotism.
The principal source of inspiration
for the revolutionary patriots was the
Great Revolt of 1857. The publication
of the book titled India’s First War of
Independence by Vinayak Damodar
Savarkar in 1906 at London about the
great uprising of 1857 helped to put the
record straight and also to infuse a spirit
of nationalism and rebellion among the
youth of the country. They also derived
their ideas and beliefs from the Russian
nihilists and the British terrorists.
Savarkar had earlier translated the life
of Mazzini in Marathi. He was also the
founder of Abhinava Bharata, a secret
society of revolutionaries. It preached
the gospel of freedom. It exhorted its
workers to popularise its songs and
ballads. Even after Savarkar, who left
for London in 1906, the Abhinava
Bharata continued to flourish. Savarkar
also secretly sent a large quantity of arms
including Browning pistols to his Indian
counterparts with Mirza Abbas, Sikandar
Hayat and others.
In Bengal, the Anushilan Samiti was
the first secret society organised by the
revolutionaries. In 1905, it published a
pamphlet titled Bhavani Mandir (Temple
of the Goddess Bhavani). It gave a plan
in detail how a centre of revolutionary
activity should be established in a temple
on a secluded spot. Two years later, the
Samiti published another book called
Bartaman Rananiti (Principles of Current
Strategy). It advocated guerilla warfare
training to the revolutionary patriots. It
further brought out another publication,
Mukti Kon Pathe? (Which Way
Liberation?) preaching how the Indian
soldiers were to be won over to the cause

Bhagat Singh Sukhdev Ramprasad Bismil Chandrashekhar Azad

Born on September 27,
1907, in the Lyallpur district
of Punjab (now in Pakistan),
Sardar Bhagat Singh founded
the Hindustan Socialist
Republican Party. He killed
J.P. Saunders, Asst. Super-
intendent of Police, Lahore in
1928 to avenge the death of
Lala Lajpat Rai and exploded
a bomb in the Central
Legislative Assembly in Delhi
in 1929. He was arrested and
sentenced to transportation for
life and then to death. In his
testament written on
February 2, 1931, he declared:
“Apparently, I have acted like a
terrorist... But I am not a
terrorist.” He was hanged at
the Lahore Central Jail, on
March 23, 1931.
Sukhdev, alias Dyal was
born at Lyallpur, Punjab
(presently in Pakistan). He
was a member of the
Revolutionary Party and a
close associate of Bhagat
Singh. He participated in the
shooting of J.P. Saunders. He
was arrested on April 15, 1929
after the bomb explosion
in the Central Legislative
Assembly Hall in Delhi
by Bhagat Singh and
Batukeshwar Dutt and was
hanged at the Lahore Central
Jail on March 23, 1931 along
with Bhagat Singh and
Rajguru. The news of the
execution came as a rude
shock to the people and there
were protests throughout the
country.
“Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab
hamare dil mein hain; Dekhna
hai zor kitna bazu-e-quatil
mein hai”—composed by
Ramprasad Bismil and
sung by him till his last
breath, still inspires millions
of Indian youth. Bismil was
born in Shahjahanpur
in Uttar Pradesh and
joined the revolutionary
organisation known
as Hindustan Socialist
Republican Party as a
student and participated in
the famous Kakori Mail
Dacoity Case in August,
1925. Ramprasad Bismil
was arrested, tried and
hanged at Gorakhpur
District Jail on December 19,
1927.
Chandrashekhar Azad was
born in Bhaora village of
Jhabua district of Madhya
Pradesh and studied at
Banaras Sanskrit College
and Kashi Vidyapith.
Chandrashekhar Azad joined
revolutionary activities
in 1922. To avenge the
death of Lala Lajpat Rai,
he organised, along
with Sardar Bhagat Singh
and Rajguru, the shooting of
British Police Superintendent,
J.A. Scott at Lahore. Scott
escaped and instead the
Assistant Superintendent of
Police J.P. Saunders was
killed. Azad died fighting the
police on February 27,
1931.

COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 197

of revolution and how foreign arms were
to be obtained. The Samiti sent its
members abroad to learn the
manufacturing of bombs and explosives.
A centre for their manufacture was
opened at Muraripukar Garden house in
Maniktala in Calcutta. It also opened its
branches in various parts of the province,
the most prominent among which was
at Dhaka with 500 members.
The Anushilan Samiti also brought
out a periodical named Jugantar
(New Era). It openly preached for an
armed revolt to create the necessary
revolutionary fervour among the people.
It made its impact. Attempts were made
on the lives of two Lieutenant Governors
of Bengal—one, that of newly created
East Bengal and the other of the
remaining Bengal—but without success.
Their next target was Kingsford, Chief
Presidency Magistrate of Muzaffarpur.
Prafulla Chaki and Khudi Ram Bose
accordingly went to Muzaffarpur to do
the job. They threw a bomb at a carriage
which they took to be that of Kingsford.
It actually belonged to Kennedy. The
result was that the latter’s wife and
daughter were killed by mistake. Prafulla
was arrested, but he shot himself. Khudi
Ram Bose was tried and hanged.
The incident took place on April 30,
1908. Two days later, the police searched
the Muraripukar Garden house and
seized many bombs and cartridges
there. Thirty-four persons including
Aurobindo Ghosh were arrested
and charged with conspiracy.
During the trial proceedings, the
public prosecutor and the Deputy
Superintendent of Police were both
shot dead in the court premises.
Subsequently, the traitor Narendra
Gosain, who divulged the secrets
to the authorities and became an
approver, was also murdered inside
the jail compound by Kanailal Datta
and Satyen Bose. The people received
the news of the traitor’s death with
joy. Datta and Bose were hailed as the
heroes. Later, when Datta was hanged,
thousands shed tears and took it as a
personal loss to them.
In Punjab, the revolutionaries became
active as early as in 1904. They formed
a secret society and pledged themselves
that they would sacrifice their lives for
the liberation of their motherland. When
the government took up a stern attitude
and deported Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit
Singh, there was a brief interlude of lull
in the revolutionary camp. They again
became active with the return of Lala
Hardayal from abroad. He held classes
for the revolutionaries at Lahore as to
how they could bring about the
198
destruction of the British power in India.
Although Hardayal had to leave India
again, his pupils carried on his work.
The prominent among them was Rash
Behari Bose. They threw a bomb at Lord
Hardinge in Delhi, while he was riding
an elephant in a state procession. The
Viceroy was badly wounded. He also
fainted from loss of blood. His servant
holding the state umbrella was, however,
killed on the spot.
In Madras, Vance Aiyar killed Ashe,
the District Magistrate of Tinnevelly. At
London, Madan Lal Dhingra shot dead
William Curzon Wyllie at a gathering of
the Imperial Institute in 1909. He
defended his act in his statement that he
shed English blood intentionally as a
humble protest against the inhuman
transportations for life and hangings of
Indian youths. Dhingra himself was also
hanged, but he won admiration and
acclaim all over India and abroad. The
revolutionaries could not withstand the
police for long. They petered out, but
they gave their countrymen the pride of
their manhood.
The revolutionaries again became
active after the suspension of the Non-
Cooperation Movement by Gandhiji in
1922. The old Anushilan and Jugantar
groups were revived. They also
established the Hindustan Republican
Association in Kanpur in October 1924.
Its principal objective was to organise
an armed revolution. The leader of the
revolutionaries in the United Provinces
was Ramprasad Bismil. For organising
the revolution, they needed money.
Bismil advocated that this money should
be looted from the government
treasuries or deposits. He organised a
dacoity in a train going from Kakori to
Alamnagar. The revolutionaries boarded
the train. They stopped it by pulling the
alarm chain. They held the guard at the
point of a revolver and decamped with
a large amount of money. The plot was
later unearthed. The authorities came
upon them with an iron hand and
arrested a large number of persons. They
convicted them in the famous Kakori
Mail Dacoity Case. Seventeen were
sentenced to long imprisonment, four
were transported for life and four
sentenced to death. There was a lot of
public resentment against the capital
punishment. A proposal was also mooted
by the non-official members of the
Provincial Legislative Council to
commute the sentence to life
imprisonment, but it did not succeed.
Bismil was hanged. His last words were,
“I wish the downfall of the British
empire”. His colleague, Roshanlal,
bravely went up to the gallows with a
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
smiling face. He had a copy of Gita in
his hands and Vande Mataram on his
lips. Ashfaqullah carried a copy of Koran
in his hand when the noose was put
round his neck. There was no fear on
his face. He gave up his life with a smile
and said, “I tried to make India free, but
the attempt will not end with my life”.
The revolutionaries later rechristened
their organisation under the leadership
of Chandrashekhar Azad in 1928 and
called it the Hindustan Socialist
Republican Association (HSRA). They
issued their manifesto under the caption :
“The Philosophy of Bomb.” It stated
that the revolutionaries believed that the
deliverance of their country would come
through the revolution. The leader of
the Punjab wing of the HSRA was
Bhagat Singh. He also formed the Punjab
Naujawan Bharat Sabha. Bhagat Singh
killed J.P. Saunders, the Assistant
Superintendent of Police, Lahore, to
avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. He
justified it by saying, “The murder of a
leader respected by millions of people
at the unworthy hands of an ordinary
police official like J.P. Saunders was an
insult to the nation. It was the bounden
duty of the young men of India to efface
it.” Later, he along with Batukeshwar
Dutt, threw a bomb in the Central
Legislative Assembly on April 9, 1929.
They wanted to record their protest
against the passage of the Public Safety
Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill aimed
at curtailing the civil liberties. The bomb
did not kill any one as their intent was
only to make the deaf “hear”. Bhagat
Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt could run
away, but got themselves arrested.
During the trial, these patriots did not
attempt to defend themselves but
aroused the national consciousness by
their defiant attitude. They were executed
in the Central Jail in Lahore on
March 23, 1931. The trio, Bhagat Singh,
Sukhdev and Rajguru, mounted the
gallows with a bright smile on their faces.
The message to their countrymen was
“Very soon, the final battle will begin.
Its outcome will be decisive. We took
part in the struggle and we are proud of
having done so.” The martyrdom of
Bhagat Singh shook the entire nation
and made him a legendary hero for the
posterity.
Among other revolutionaries, Jatin
Das won martyrdom after his historic
fast of 63 days in jail at Lahore.
Chandrashekhar Azad died while
fighting a pitched battle with the
police at Allahabad. They were all
crusaders for a cause—the freedom of
the country.
 Constitution Of India
The President, The Vice-President
And The Prime Minister
President As The
Constitutional Head
Of The State
Taken as a whole, the presidential powers
are formidable indeed. There is hardly any
other constitution which gives such a long
and detailed list of powers to its Chief
Executive. The question is how far all or
any of these powers will be really exercised
by him. For an answer to this question, we
have to turn to the nature and working of
the Government of India.
Our Constitution is modelled on the
British parliamentary system and not the
American presidential system. Under
the British system, the monarch is
only a ceremonial Head of the State.
Tremendous powers are technically ascribed
to him, but he does not possess them in
reality. They belong to a convenient myth
called the Crown. Almost all the powers
which theoretically belong to the Crown are,
in reality, exercised by the Cabinet. The
position under the Indian Constitution, too,
is the same; the President of India is only a
Constitutional Head of the State; his position
and powers being more or less the same as
those of the British monarch.
The question was discussed at length in
the Constituent Assembly and every time
the point that was stressed most was the
Constitutional character of the Head of the
State.
Let us examine the Constitutional
provisions that deal with the relationship
of the President with the Council of
Ministers in order to see how far these
claims are justified. Articles 74, 75 and 78
of the Constitution are important in this
connection. They provide: (1) There shall
be a Council of Ministers with the Prime
Minister at the head to aid and advise the
President in the exercise of his functions.
(2) No court of law has power to enquire
as to whether any advice was given by the
Council of Ministers and if so, what it was.
(3) The Prime Minister shall be appointed
by the President and on the advice of the
Prime Minister, the President will appoint
other Ministers. (4) The Ministers shall hold
office during the pleasure of the President.
(5) The Council of Ministers shall be
collectively responsible to the House of the
People (Lok Sabha). (6) It shall be the duty
of the Prime Minister : (a) to communicate
to the President all decisions of the Council
of Ministers; (b) to furnish such information
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Former Vice-Chancellor, University of Cochin
relating to the administration of the Union
and proposals for legislation as the
President may call for; and (c) to submit
for the consideration of the Council of
Ministers, if the President so requires, any
matter on which a decision has been taken
by a Minister, but which has not been
considered by the Council.
These provisions, taken as a whole, fairly
establish the claim of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
and his colleagues that the authors of the
Constitution wanted to adopt the British
pattern. At the same time, it is also clear
that they did not want to use expressions
which would take away the flexibility of the
British system. The difficulty of the
Drafting Committee was to state precisely
in a written Constitution certain well-
established constitutional conventions that
regulate the relationship between the King
and the Cabinet in Britain. This is why,
while certain provisions convey their
meaning in unmistakable terms, there are
others that are not equally clear.
Thus, it is quite clear that, for the exercise
of his functions, there must be a Council of
Ministers with the Prime Minister at the
head to aid and advise the President. But
does this mean that the President is always
bound by the advice of the Council ?
Dr. Ambedkar answered it in the positive :
“The President of the Indian Union will be
generally bound by the advice of his
Ministers. He can do nothing contrary to
their advice, nor can he do anything without
their advice.”
In a parliamentary system of
government, the Executive is responsible
to the Legislature. As such, the Council of
Ministers holds office not as a grace of the
President (or literally during his pleasure),
but because of the confidence of Parliament
which they enjoy. They go out of office not
because the President has lost confidence
in them, but because they have lost the
confidence of Parliament to which they are
jointly and directly responsible. There
can be no conflict between the will of
Parliament, the representative of the
electorate, and that of the President. If at
all, there arises such a conflict, the will of
Parliament ought to prevail. That is why
the Constitution vests in Parliament the
power to impeach the President. Therefore,
so long as the Council of Ministers has the
confidence of Parliament, the President is
literally bound by their advice and in reality,
it is the President who is cast in the role of
an adviser.
Prof. (Dr.) M. V. Pylee
The working of the Constitution so far,
on the whole, also clearly indicates that the
President is, in reality, only the Constitutional
Head of the State. On the eve of the
1951-52 general elections in India, President
Dr. Rajendra Prasad sent a message to
Parliament explaining his views on the Hindu
Code Bill which was then under its
consideration. In that message he said that
personally he was opposed to the passing of
the Bill, but if it was adopted by Parliament,
he would reluctantly give his assent to it.
The Vice-President
The Constitution provides for a Vice-
President whose role in the Government
(Article 63) is comparatively insignificant.
One can easily see a striking similarity
between the role of the Vice-President of
India and that of his counterpart in the US.
The American Vice-President is sometimes
called “His Superfluous Highness” to
characterise his comparative insignificance
in the administration. But there is a provision
in the American Constitution which makes
the Vice-President potentially important.
According to this, if the President dies in
office or is removed from office, the Vice-
President takes over the President’s office
and continues in that capacity for the full
length of the unexpired term. But under
the Indian Constitution, if the President dies
or resigns or is otherwise incapacitated
and, as a result, the presidential office
becomes vacant, the Vice-President will act
as President only for a maximum period of
six months.
The main function of the Vice-President
is to preside over the Rajya Sabha. He is its
ex-officio Chairman (Article 64).
The Vice-President is elected by the
members of an electoral college consisting
the members of both Houses of Parliament
(Article 66). The election is conducted in
accordance with the system of proportional
representation by means of the single
transferable vote. The voting is by secret
ballot.
The Vice-President will take over
the office of the President, normally,
in four situations: death of the
President, resignation of the President,
removal of the President from his office
through impeachment or otherwise,
and, finally, when the President is unable to
discharge his functions owing to absence,
illness or any other cause (Article 65).
During the period when the Vice-
President is acting for the President, he shall
199
have all the powers and immunities of the
President and be entitled for such
emoluments, allowances and privileges as
may be determined by the Parliament for
the purpose. At present, according to the
Second Schedule to the Constitution,
the Vice-President is entitled to the
same emoluments, allowances and privileges
as the President while he discharges the
functions of, or is acting as, the President.
Any Indian citizen who has completed
the age of thirty-five years and who is
qualified for election as a member of Rajya
Sabha, is eligible for election as Vice-
President [Article 66(3)]. But no person who
holds an office of profit under the
Government of India or any State or local
or other authority in India is eligible for the
purpose (Article 66(4)).
The Vice-President cannot be a member
of either House of Parliament or a member
of any State Legislature. He can be removed
from office by a resolution of the Council
of States (Rajya Sabha) passed by a majority
of all the then members of the Council and
agreed to by the House of the People (Lok
Sabha) [Article 67(b)].
The Prime Minister
The Prime Minister is the Head of the
Council of Ministers. The special position of
superiority given to the Prime Minister is
essential in the interest of the principle of
collective responsibility to the Lok Sabha as
laid down under Article 75(3). The essence
of collective responsibility is that all members
of the Council of Ministers will speak in
public with a united voice. This does not
necessarily mean that all of them see eye to
eye with one another on every problem the
Cabinet faces. The different points of view
are expressed freely in the meetings of the
Council of Ministers so as to arrive at the
best decision in the circumstances. Once
such a decision is taken, every Minister is
expected to stand by the decision without any
reservation. Thus, responsibility for
governmental action becomes collective on
the part of the Ministry which will “sink or
sail as a whole” as a united body.
Nevertheless, if a Minister violates the
principle by openly criticising the decision
of the Cabinet, he cannot be prosecuted in
a court of law for a breach of the principle
of collective responsibility. Obviously, there
is no legal sanction for collective
responsibility. What is expected of a Minister
as a normal practice is that he should tender
his resignation if he finds himself so sharply
in conflict with his colleagues that it is no
longer honestly possible for him to defend
the Government’s policies. But if he fails to
do so, the Prime Minister can enforce
collective responsibility through either of
two ways. He may advise the President to
dismiss the Minister, for the President has
appointed the Ministers on the
advice of the Prime Minister. If the
Prime Minister is not inclined to adopt this
course, he may tender the resignation of
the entire Ministry and form a new Cabinet
excluding the undesirable Minister. Thus,
the realisation of the principle of collective
responsibility is made possible by placing
200
the Ministers under the Prime Minister in
the matter of appointment as well as
dismissal.
A striking feature of the Cabinet
system of government is that Ministers who
hold the top positions in the Executive are,
at the same time, members of Parliament.
But the rigid adherence to this rule might
deprive the Executive of the services of
efficient and talented people who may not,
for the time being, be members of the
legislature. To avoid this difficulty, the
Constitution provides a maximum period
of six months for a Minister to become a
member of the legislature if he is already
not such a member (Article 75(5)).
We have already seen the position of
importance which the Constitution confers
upon the Prime Minister. Though the
President appoints him formally, it is only
a Constitutional formality, as the person
appointed has the political and parliamentary
support to claim such an appointment.
Similarly, though the President also appoints
the other Ministers, they are so appointed
only on the advice of the Prime Minister
and, in reality, they are the nominees of the
Prime Minister. The Cabinet’s decisions and
actions are transmitted to the President only
through the Prime Minister. Again, the
Cabinet is jointly responsible to the Lok
Sabha whose leader is the Prime Minister.
Thus the Prime Minister is a connecting
link between the Cabinet and the President
on the one hand, and also between the
Cabinet and Parliament on the other. This
special position that he enjoys, both in the
Government and in Parliament, makes the
office of the Prime Minister the most
important under the Constitution of India.
As the leader of the party that commands
the majority in Parliament and thus, in fact,
as the leader of Parliament itself, and, in
addition, as the Head of the Council of
Ministers, the Prime Minister really leads
the Council of Ministers, Parliament and
the nation. This makes the Prime Minister
the most powerful functionary. During any
period of emergency, the powers of the
Prime Minister will increase as the
administration of the area affected by the
emergency comes directly under the
Union Government.
The Council of Ministers
and the Cabinet
There is some confusion as a result of
the indiscriminate use of the terms
“Cabinet” and “Council of Ministers” in
connection with the activities of the
Government. Often they are used as
interchangeable terms. But, in fact, they are
not the same. The Council of Ministers or
the Cabinet, as it is usually called, consists
of the different categories of Ministers of
the Government of India. At present, there
are three such categories, namely, Cabinet
Ministers, Ministers of State (Independent
Charge) and Ministers of State. Of these,
the Cabinet Ministers by themselves form
a separate body called the Cabinet which,
in fact, is the nucleus of the Council of
Ministers. Since the composition of the
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Council of Ministers is large, practically it
is not possible for the Council of Ministers
as a whole to meet and discuss issues. It is
here that the role of the Cabinet comes to
the fore. The Cabinet meets, discusses and
takes decision which, then, forms the
collective decision of the Council of
Ministers. The Prime Minister always heads
and presides all such meetings and
discussions. However, in his absence, a
Cabinet member authorised by the Prime
Minister can preside over.
The Cabinet and the
Parliament
The most distinguishing feature of a
parliamentary system is the unqualified
responsibility of the Cabinet to Parliament
for all its actions. Besides collective
responsibility, there is also the individual
responsibility of Ministers to Parliament for
their actions. Under the Constitution,
ministerial responsibility is confined to the
Lok Sabha. This is in recognition of the
popular character of the directly-elected body.
There are two special features of the
parliamentary system in India. A person who
is not a member of either House of
Parliament can be a Minister. Secondly, a
Minister, whether he is a Member of
Parliament or not, has the right to attend
both Houses and participate in the
discussions. The only restriction placed upon
him is that he cannot vote. Similarly, a
Minister who is a member of either House
has the right to appear in the other House
and participate in its proceedings, except
for voting. Although Indira Gandhi
continued to be a member of the Rajya
Sabha even after her appointment as Prime
Minister in 1966, the established practice of
the Prime Minister belonging to the
Lok Sabha has become a convention of great
merit, even though Mr. Deve Gowda and
Mr. I. K. Gujral, the two Prime Ministers
under United Front Government, were
MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
IL OF MIN
NC I
ST
U
CO
ERS
CABINET
members of Rajya Sabha. Even the former
Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh was a
Rajya Sabha member from Assam.
There are several methods by which
Parliament ensures ministerial responsibility.
Questions in Parliament, budget discussions,
adjournment motions, discussions on
reports by departments, etc., are some of
the regular devices by which accountability
is ensured. But the most important
device at the disposal of Parliament is a
‘No-confidence’ Motion with which
Parliament’s confidence in the Ministry can
be tested. A successful ‘No-confidence’
Motion will result in the defeat and
overthrow of the Ministry.
 FORTHCOMING EXAMS
GOING TO TAKE PLACE
S. No. Name of the Exam Date of Exam Eligibility Criteria Age Limit
1. Staff Selection Commission – 9 to 21 March 2023 Candidates must have 18 - 27 Yrs.
Combined Higher Secondary passed 12th Class/
(10+2) Level Examination for equivalent exam from a
Lower Division Clerk (LDC)/Junior recognised Board
Secretariat Assistant (JSA),
Data Entry Operator (DEO)
2. Life Insurance Corporation of India Preliminary : Graduation 21-30 Yrs.
Recruitment of Apprentice 12 March 2023
Development Officers
3. JEE (Main) 2023 Session 2 : 10+2 (Senior Secondary)
Conducted by National 6 to 12 April 2023 Passed
Testing Agency (NTA)
4. Union Public Service Commission 16 April 2023 Varies Varies
Combined Defence Services
Exam (I), 2023
[Including SSC Women
(Non-Technical) Course]
5. UPSC National Defence Academy 16 April 2023 Passed in 12th Class Born between
& Naval Academy with Physics and 2 July 2004 and
Examination (I), 2023 Mathematics 1 July 2007
6. Staff Selection Commission Computer Based : (Paper-I) Matriculation or equivalent Varies
Recruitment of Multi Tasking April 2023 from a recognised Board or
(Non Technical) Staff and Havaldar University
(CBIC & CBN)
7. National Eligibility-cum-Entrance 7 May 2023 Passed in 12th Class
Test (NEET-Undergraduate)
(Conducted by NTA)
8. NCHMCT JEE 14 May 2023 Candidates should possess Below 25 Yrs.
for Hotel Management 2023 10+2 in any discipline from
To be conducted by a recognised University /
National Testing Agency (NTA) any equivalent with 60%
of marks
9. Common University Entrance Test Under Graduate : Passed the Class 12th / —
(CUET) – 2023 21 to 31 May 2023 equivalent examination
Post Graduate :
1 to 10 June 2023
10. UPSC Civil Services Exam, 2023 Prelims : 28 May 2023 Degree from a 21-32 Yrs.
recognised Univ.
11. Union Public Service Commission Prelims : 28 May 2023 Degree from a 21-32 Yrs.
Indian Forest Service Exam, 2023 recognised Univ.
12. JEE (Advanced) 2023 4 June 2023 10+2 (Senior Secondary)
Conducted by
National Testing Agency (NTA) Passed
13. Union Public Service Stage-II : Varies 21 - 32 Yrs.
Commission Combined 24 & 25 June 2023
Geo-Scientist Examination, 2023
Note : Candidates are advised to visit the official website and notification for further details.
Printed and Published by Surendra Kumar Sachdeva on behalf of Competition Review Pvt. Ltd. and Printed at Paras Offset Pvt. Ltd., Plot No.118-F, Sector-56, Phase-IV,
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Editor : Surendra Kumar Sachdeva. Competition Success Review is a monthly magazine published from Delhi.
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COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023 201

 Word Power
OBJECTIVE TYPE
Against each key word are given five suggested meanings.
Choose the word or phrase which is opposite in meaning to the key word.
(1) Penitent—A : sor rowful. B : repentant.
C : contrite. D : remorseless. E. dim.
(2) Perceive—A : ignore. B : create. C : apprehend.
D : conceive. E : tear down.
(3) Persecute—A : torment. B : pester. C : afflict.
D : evaluate. E : support.
(4) Persistent—A : enduring. B : obstinate.
C : wavering. D : tenacious. E : steady.
(5) Persuade—A : allure. B : prevail upon.
C : vindicate. D : dissuade. E : display.
(6) Perverse—A : wicked. B : agreeable.
C : disobedient. D : petulant. E : long-lived.
(7) Petty—A : petite. B : partisan. C : generous.
D : perilous. E : sickly.
(8) Pitiless—A : relentless. B : cr uel.
C : magnanimous. D : fascinating. E : merciful.
(9) Plenty—A : vastness. B : dearth. C : mass.
D : regiment. E : number.
(10) Poise—A : delicate. B : refinement.
C : calmness. D : instability. E : brisk.
(11) Practical—A : visionary. B : sure. C : complex.
D : simple. E : parental.
(12) Proletarian—A : firearm. B : Aryan. C :
aristocratic. D : low. E : unattractive.
(13) Prolix—A : concise. B : open. C : protracted.
D : arrogant. E : parting.
(14) Prominent—A : inflential. B : inconspicuous.
C : celebrated. D : positive. E : haughty.
(15) Propel—A : project. B : compel. C : inclining.
D : repel. E : avail.
(16) Propitiate—A : conciliate. B : present. C : appease.
D : induce. E : anger.
(17) Protract—A : make circular. B : shorten.
C : further. D : retrace. E : involve.
(18) Puzzle—A : bewilder. B : mystify. C : solve.
D : pensive. E : condemn.
(19) Quaint—A : peculiar. B : ordinary. C : curious.
D : fast. E : stupid.
(20) Queer—A : strange. B : careless. C : shorten.
D : ordinary. E : unusual.
(21) Querulous—A : discontented. B : contented.
C : nasty. D : fickle. E : ill.
(22) Questionable—A : dubious. B : declining.
C : persistent. D : effective. E : certain.
(23) Quiet—A : noisy. B : motionless.
C : tranquillity. D : senseless. E : serious.
(24) Quit—A : abandon. B : discharged. C : start.
D : withdraw. E : caution.
(25) Quixotic—A : imaginary. B : fantastic.
C : romantic. D : practical. E : mournful.
(26) Quote—A : extract. B : adduce. C : reveal.
D : restrain. E : contradict.
(27) Radiant—A : dim. B : splendid. C : beaming.
D : industrial. E : restive.
(28) Radical—A : thorough. B : uncompromising.
C : basic. D : superficial. E : ingrained.
(29) Rational—A : sagacious. B : reasonable.
C : insufficient. D : wandering. E : insane.
(30) Reckless—A : indifferent. B : careful. C : careless.
D : imprudent. E : lonely.

ANSWERS
(1) D: remorseless. (11) A : visionary. (21) B: contented.
(2) A: ignore. (12) C : aristorcratic. (22) E: certain.
(3) E: support. (13) A : concise. (23) A: noisy.
(4) C: wavering. (14) B : inconspicuous. (24) C: start.
(5) D: dissuade. (15) D : repel. (25) D: practical.
(6) B: agreeable. (16) E : anger. (26) E: contradict.
(7) C: generous. (17) B : shorten. (27) A: dim.
(8) E: merciful. (18) C : solve. (28) D: superficial.
(9) B: dearth. (19) B : ordinary. (29) E: insane.
(10) D: instability. (20) D : ordinary. (30) B: careful.
202 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 100 EXPECTED QUESTIONS
Objective General Knowledge
Geography Including Geography Of India
1. Which of the following gives the
correct descending order by volume of
the three basic layers of the Earth ?
A. Core, mantle, crust
B. Crust, core, mantle
C. Core, crust, mantle
(A) A (B) B
(C) C (D) None of these
2. Soil profile refers to arrangement
within a soil of
(A) its vertical layers
(B) its inclined layers
(C) its horizontal layers
(D) group of soil grains
3. Formation of potholes in river
beds is an example of
(A) Hydration (B) Erosion
(C) Corrosion (D) Corrasion
4. Most of the weather phenomena
take place in which of the following
layers of the atmosphere ?
(A) Stratosphere (B) Mesosphere
(C) Ionosphere (D) Troposphere
5. Which of the following countries
are favourably influenced by the trade
winds ?
(A) West Indies and Florida
(B) Malagasy and Brazil
(C) East Coast of Mexico, and Guyana
(D) All of these
6. Which of the following statements
is correct ?
Relative humidity
(A) varies with latitudes seasonally
(B) is maximum in subtropical anticyclones
(C) is lowest at the equator increasing
towards the poles
(D) None of these
7. 17th Parallel separates
(A) North and South Korea
(B) South and North America
(C) North and South Yemen
(D) Afghanistan and Pakistan
8. Which of the following rivers
have almost the same point of beginning ?
(A) Brahmaputra and Ganga
(B) Tapti and Beas
(C) Brahmaputra and Indus
(D) Indus and Ganga
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Former Secretar
Secretaryy, Staff Selection Commission
Commission,, Government of India
9. Which of the following groups of
rivers in India is likely to show the least
erosional activity ?
(A) Himalayan rivers
(B) The eastward flowing peninsular
rivers
(C) The thin stream flowing into the
Arabian sea
(D) Those rising in the great plain of
India
10. The belt of highest temperature
in the month of March lies in
(A) Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat
(B) Southern and Central parts of
Deccan Plateau
(C) North India
(D) East India
11. The States involved in the
Dandakaranya project are
(A) Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and
Maharashtra
(B) Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka
(C) Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
and Odisha
(D) Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil
Nadu
12. In which State is chromite
abundantly found ?
(A) Maharashtra (B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Odisha (D)Karnataka
13. The advantage of micro hydel
projects is that they
(A) prevent flash floods
(B) save water
(C) involve less cost
(D) make use of water of the perennial
hill streams and irrigation canals
14. In which of the following States
important deposits of copper, lead and
zinc ores are found ?
(A) Karnataka (B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Bihar (D)Rajasthan
15. The Jhelum has its source from
(A) Mount Kailash (B) Rohtang
(C) Verinag (D) Kulu
16. Which of the following does not
have an influence over the climate in India ?
Madan LLal
al
(A) Monsoons
(B) Ocean currents
(C) Nearness to equator
(D) Presence of Indian Ocean
17. Wet, tropical deciduous forests are
found in which region of India ?
(A) Central India
(B) Deccan Plateau
(C) The Siwaliks
(D) None of these
18. Cudappah ranges lie between
(A) Godavari and Jamshedpur
(B) Palar and Kaveri
(C) Godavari and Palkonda range
(D) Satpura and Mohadeo-Maikal
range
19. What is the main advantage of
transplantation method of sowing rice ?
(A) It helps in early harvesting
(B) The draining of water from the
field before harvesting is made easy
(C) It is helpful in achieving an
economical use of water and a
higher yield of grain
(D) This method ensures maximum
utilisation of land
20. Which region in India is known as
the ‘Rice Bowl of India’?
(A) North-east region
(B) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(C) Indo-Gangetic plain
(D) Krishna-Godavari Delta region
21. The beautiful valleys of Kashmir,
Kulu and Kangra, lie in which of the
following Himalayan ranges ?
(A) Himadri (B) Himachal
(C) Purvachal (D) Siwalik
22. Which of the following rivers
remains in India throughout its journey
from its source to the point of merger
with another river ?
(A) Beas (B) Chenab
(C) Jhelum (D) Ravi
23. All of the following rivers flow into
or join the Ganges on its left side, except
(A) Gomti (B) Son
(C) Gandak (D) Kosi
203
 24. Which of the following statements 34. Great Circles are 43. For determination of the age of
is not correct ? (A) the circles representing latitudes which of the following is ‘carbon-dating’
(A) The average height of the Western north and south of the equator method used ?
Ghats goes on decreasing towards (B) the equidistant lines drawn east (A) Fossils (B) Rocks
the south and west of the Greenwich (C) Trees (D) A and B above
(B) A part of the Indus basin is shared meridian 44. The minor planets revolving
by Punjab and Haryana (C) imaginary circles whose plane between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars
(C) The Indus and the Ganga passing through the centre of are called
Brahmaputra river systems the Earth bisects it into two equal (A) Asteroids (B) Comets
together form the great plains of halves (C) Meteors (D) Novas
northern India (D) those parallels where the Sun 45. Which of the following ranges
(D) The Himadri range lies south of is imagined to halt its movement separates the Kashmir Valley from the
the Himachal range and turn about northward or Indus Valley ?
25. The phenomenon called ‘Equinox’ southward (A) Dhauladhar
is due to the 35. How many minutes for each (B) Great Himalayan range
(A) rotation of the Earth on its own axis degree of longitude does the local time (C) Pir Panjal range
(B) revolution of the Earth on its of any place vary from the Greenwich (D) Siwalik range
inclined axis time ? 46. All of the following caves are
(C) oblate spheroid shape of the Earth (A) Two minutes (B) Four minutes located in Maharashtra, except
(D) gravitational pull of the planet (C) Six minutes (D) Eight minutes (A) Ajanta Caves
26. A circular area enclosing the area 36. Spring tides are caused as a result (B) Amarnath Caves
of shallow water separated from the sea of the (C) Elephanta Caves
by low banks, is called (A) Moon pulling the Earth (D) Ellora Caves
(A) an atoll (B) a barrier reef gravitationally 47. Doldrums are belts of low
(C) a fringing (D) a lagoon (B) Sun pulling the Earth gravitationally atmospheric pressure obtaining in the
27. The major part of agricultural land (C) Moon and the Sun pulling the regions adjoining the equator to a
in India is under Earth gravitationally in opposite distance of
(A) cash crops (B) food crops directions (A) 5 degree latitude towards the
(C) oilseeds (D)plantation crops (D) Moon and the Sun pulling the north only
28. The river Volga pours its water into Earth in the same direction (B) 5 degree latitude towards the
the 37. The atmosphere has been divided south only
(A) Black Sea (B) Caspian Sea into sub-spheres according to the general (C) 5 degree latitude towards the
(C) Dead Sea (D) Mediterranean Sea characteristics of temperature variations. north and south
29. As the height above sea level Their number is (D) 15 degree latitude towards the
increases, the temperature (A) 5 (B) 6 north and south
(A) also increases (C) 7 (D) 8 48. High Velds are the temperate
(B) decreases 38. Which of the following factors grasslands of
(C) first decreases and then increases (A) Africa
govern(s) the atmospheric temperature
(D) change of height has no effect on (B) South Australia
temperature of a certain place ? (C) Europe and Asia
30. The Caspian Sea, the largest inland (A) Its latitudinal distance from the (D) South America
sea or lake in the world, is located equator 49. To which of the following
(A) wholly in the Continent of (B) Its elevation from the sea level categories do the forests of the Western
Europe (C) Prevailing winds and influence of Ghats of India belong ?
(B) wholly in the Continent of Asia ocean currents, if any (A) Equatorial forests
(C) partly in Europe and partly in (D) All of these (B) Monsoon forests
Asia 39. Which of the following pairing is (C) Sub-tropical evergreen forests
(D) partly in Africa and partly in Asia incorrect ? (D) Temperate coastal forests
31. Which of the two planets listed (A) Isohyets – Humidity 50. Which of the following years was
below are nearer to the Sun than the Earth ? (B) Isobars – Pressure a leap year ?
(A) Jupiter and Mercury (C) Isotherms – Temperature (A) 1998 (B) 2006
(B) Neptune and Venus (D) Isohels – Sunshine (C) 2004 (D) 2002
(C) Mars and Saturn 40. In the context of their formation,
(D) Venus and Mercury which of the following types of rocks is ANSWERS
32. Cochin and Visakhapatnam sea the most ancient ?
ports of India are situated on the (A) Igneous (B) Metamorphic 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (D)
(A) East and West Coasts, respectively (C) Plutonic (D) Sedimentary 5. (D) 6. (A) 7. (A) 8. (C)
(B) East Coast 41. Which of the following factors 9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C)
(C) West Coast cause(s) ocean currents ? 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (C) 16. (B)
(D) West and East Coasts, respectively (A) Varying density of sea water 17. (C) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (D)
33. Neap tides are caused by the (B) Varying temperature 21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (B) 24. (A)
gravitational pull of the (C) Winds 25. (B) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (B)
(A) Moon only (D) All of these 29. (B) 30. (C) 31. (D) 32. (D)
(B) Sun only 42. The local time at a place is 6 A.M. 33. (D) 34. (C) 35. (B) 36. (D)
(C) Moon and the Sun in the same when the G.M.T. is 3 A.M. What is the 37. (C) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (A)
direction longitude of that place ? 41. (D) 42. (A) 43. (A) 44. (A)
(D) Moon and the Sun in opposite (A) 45 degrees E (B) 45 degrees W 45. (B) 46. (B) 47. (C) 48. (A)
directions (C) 120 degrees E (D) 120 degrees W 49. (D) 50. (C)
204 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Bringing Uniformity In School Assessment
(Continued from page 18)
The PARAKH
In January 2023, the NCERT notified India’s first national
assessment regulator, PARAKH, with an objective to work
on setting norms, standards and guidelines for student
assessment and evaluation for all recognised 62 School
Boards in 36 States and Union Territories. “The
Performance Assessment, Review and Analysis of
Knowledge for Holistic Development (PARAKH) as a
centre is, hereby, established within the education survey
division of the NCERT, with immediate effect,” the Council
said in the notification. The regulator aims to set assessment
guidelines for all Boards to help remove disparities in scores
of students enrolled with different State Boards. PARAKH
was launched as part of the implementation of the NEP
2020 that envisaged a standard-setting body to advise School
Boards regarding new assessment patterns and latest
research, and promote collaborations among them.
PARAKH is designed to work on three major assessment
areas: large-scale assessments, school-based assessments and
examination reforms. To begin with, PARAKH will work
on bringing equivalence in the recognised School Boards
in India in terms of the academic standards among learners.
In order to play its role, PARAKH will closely work with
the State Directorates of Education, State Education Boards
and international organisations working in the area of
assessment and evaluation.
Educationists opined that PARAKH was much needed
to calibrate assessments across State and national Boards.
They hope that with PARAKH, assessment sciences will
get an upgrade to create questions that go beyond rote and
test for competencies, creativity and ability to apply
knowledge. They believe that there is a need to have a
more accessible, affordable and credible assessment system
in the county. PARAKH will also be responsible for
conducting large-scale assessments, including the National
Achievement Survey (NAS). The next NAS in 2024 will be
conducted by PARAKH. It will also guide the State
Achievement Survey (SAS) and monitor achievement of
learning outcomes in the country.
In September 2022, NCERT invited Expression of
Interest (EoI) from international agencies to help it in
setting up PARAKH. Several agencies submitted their
proposals. The EoI, among other things, stated that the
Union Government also look forward to manage India’s
participation in international assessments such as the
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA),
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy
Study (PIRLS). This is the background in which the ETS
has been picked, initially on a three-year contract, to act as
a consultant to help NCERT set up PARAKH.
The ETS
Educational Testing Service (ETS), founded in 1947, is
the world’s largest private nonprofit educational testing and
assessment organisation. It is headquartered in Lawrence
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Township, New Jersey, but has a Princeton address. ETS
develops various standardised tests primarily in the United
States for K–12 and higher education, and it also
administers international tests including the TOEFL (Test
of English as a Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of English
for International Communication), Graduate Record
Examination (GRE), General and Subject Tests, HiSET
and The Praxis test Series—in more than 180 countries,
and at over 9,000 locations worldwide. Many of the
assessments it develops are associated with entry to US
tertiary (undergraduate) and quaternary education (graduate)
institutions, but it also develops K–12 statewide assessments
used for accountability testing in many US states, including
California, Texas, Tennessee and Virginia. In total, ETS
annually administers 20 million exams in the US and in
180 other countries.
Just to have a glimpse into its working, take the GRE,
a standardised exam administered by the ETS to test the
competency of students in areas like verbal and quantitative
reasoning, critical thinking, etc. According to a report, about
100 Indian institutes now recognise GRE scores. Thus far,
GRE scores were mainly accepted by universities in the
US, Canada and a few other countries. Among the Indian
institutes that now accept GRE scores, are IIM Calcutta,
IIM Bangalore, SP Jain (Mumbai) and the Indian School
of Business (ISB) in Hyderabad. Further, NALSAR,
Hyderabad, and Reliance Jio Institute, Mumbai, have also
signed up recently. ETS is seeking to expand the acceptance
of GRE to over 150 Indian institutions within FY 2023-
24. As per the Union Ministry of Education, as of 2020-
21, over 48,000 foreign students from 163 countries were
enrolled in Indian institutes of higher learning.
In 2017-18, about 60,000 Indians had taken the GRE,
which nearly doubled in about five years. With 1.1 lakh
students taking the GRE in 2021-2022, India had the
second-largest number of candidates after the US, with
China a distant third (24,000 candidates). Between 2020-
21 and 2021-22, the number of examinees in India
increased 68%, signalling the growing popularity of the
test. The Physical Sciences, Engineering and Business were
the top streams of choice among those who took the test
in India. While the US has remained the most popular
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 destination for Indian GRE
aspirants, Canada and west
Europe are among the top non-
US preferences.
How Will They
Work
The first step is to develop
some norms and standardised
guidelines for assessment,
including summative tests
and constant new forms of
assessing students, according to
Mr. Sevak. ETS has to keep in
mind the diversity in school
education in India due to geographic differences and
multiple languages. “Our vision is to be able to effectively
measure the acquisition of skills at K–12 level. Right now
we are in the process of setting up a blueprint for
PARAKH, an initial framework. We will have discussions
around oganisational forms, roles and responsibilities;
eventually we will be talking about more specific details
like location and so on,” the CEO of ETS said.
To expedite the process, ETS is bringing in coordinators,
technical experts and psychometricians. A number of
experts in different fields would be coming to India to
start planning and mapping out the different frameworks,
as per the ETS. One of the areas the PARAKH focusses
on is to encourage schools to move from traditional
assessments towards meeting the skill requirements of the
21st century. ETS divides these skills in three buckets:
functional skills (necessary skills required to do the work
at hand), soft skills (communication, team work, time
management, etc.), and skills that can be upgraded after
some time.
The ETS will study the current context in which
assessments have been provided. Now, in a post-Covid
world, they are going to have a fresh look in the current
context—the kinds of measurement that the government
wants to track and explore the ability to go beyond
traditional cognitive assessment. A reform outlined in the
new National Education Policy (NEP 2020), PARAKH
will set assessment guidelines for all Boards to help remove
disparities in scores of students enrolled with different
State Boards. The ETS’s understanding of global best
practices in curriculum and assessment will help in
standardising several aspects across various School Boards
thereby paving the way for equality, consistency and
uniformity not only in assessment but also in teaching and
learning practices.
PARAKH will serve as global model for how to build
world-class assessment and learning systems to deliver high-
quality student outcomes, advance education and improve
millions of lives. As for the ETS’s role in the National
Achievement Survey (NAS) currently conducted by
NCERT, the requirements will be more refined in the next
survey. Education is evolving in India. Hence, the survey
will also be evolving to keep up with times. It is going to
be a process. ETS helps conduct national surveys for many
countries, so the best practices and parameters from
different countries will also be incorporated.
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Will PARAKH include
moderation of grades, a policy
junked by the Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE)?
According to Mr. Sevak,
inflation of grades is not
only a problem in India but a
global issue. “Some kind of
moderation will be needed
to normalise the grades,
considering the wide diversities
in the country at multiple
levels such as language,
demographics, learning levels
and accessibility, he says.
Why Is It Important?
It is pertinent to recall that the assessment reform in the
country has had a roller-coaster ride in the last couple of
decades. Summative external examinations testing memory,
recall and textual reproduction have a fair share of criticism,
but not much was done to alter the situation. In 2010, a
continuous and comprehensive evaluation system was
introduced that had a concise shelf life, and the system
slid back to old habits in less than few years.
Some other attempts at assessment reform, such as the
introduction of open-book tests, value-based questions,
higher-order thinking skills and concept/competency-based
questions, were made. However, at best, these attempts
were half-hearted, ill-prepared, disjointed plug-ins not
aligned with pedagogy and learning outcomes.
The NEP 2020 has rightly acknowledged the need for
assessment reform by envisioning the national assessment
regulator, PARAKH, which has been mooted to set
standards and prescribe norms to improve the educational
system. With the global consultants to help set up the
platform, it is expected to revolutionise education rooted
in research, theory and practice.
Conclusion
PARAKH will surely address the problem of the sharp
variation in the way our School Boards assess students.
This is particularly necessary for Science and Mathematics,
as the importance of STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics) continues to grow. The US
Bureau of Labour Statistics projects employment in STEM
occupations to grow by 10.8% between 2021 and 2031,
versus 4.9% for that in non-STEM occupations. The median
wages for the former are likely to be more than two times
of what can be expected for the latter. In such a scenario,
the country cannot afford to have even one School Board
lag the others in terms of learning outcomes in these
subjects.
However, PARAKH’s journey towards success may not
be easy. Indian States have autonomy on school education
that allows them to prioritise not just the language of
instruction and assessment but also certain curriculum
elements. Any move towards standardisation of examination
questions would inevitably have implications for curriculum
design and content, and that is where the autonomy of the
Boards/States could get infringed. PARAKH will need to
make its regulations more principle-based rather than
prescriptive.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Who? What? When?
Where? Why? How?
Who is Mr. Ajay Banga, nominated by
the US to lead the World Bank?
Mr. Ajay Banga is an Indian-American business leader who
has been nominated by the US to lead the World Bank. The
US President Mr. Joe Biden on February 23, 2023 announced
that Mr. Banga is uniquely equipped
to lead the global institution as its
President at this critical moment.
Once confirmed by the World Bank
Board of Directors, Mr. Banga would
be the first-ever Indian-American and
Sikh-American to head either of the
two top international financial
institutions—International Monetary
Fund and the World Bank.
Mr. Banga, 63, is currently serving
as Vice-Chairman at General Atlantic.
Ajay Banga Previously, he was President and CEO
of Mastercard. He has spent more
than three decades building and managing successful global
companies that create jobs and bring investment to the
developing economies, and guiding organisations through
periods of fundamental change. Over the course of his career,
Mr. Banga has become a global leader in technology, data,
financial services and innovating for inclusion. He is the
Honorary Chairman of the International Chamber of
Commerce.
Mr. Banga is also a member of the Trilateral Commission,
a founding trustee of the US-India Strategic Partnership
Forum, a former member of the National Committee on
United States-China Relations, and Chairman Emeritus of
the American India Foundation. He was conferred the Padma
Shri in 2016. He was also awarded the Foreign Policy
Association Medal in 2012, the Ellis Island Medal of Honour
and the Business Council for International Understanding's
Global Leadership Award in 2019, and the Distinguished
Friends of Singapore Public Service Star in 2021.
What are spy balloons and why are they
used?
A United States fighter jet shot down a suspected Chinese
surveillance balloon on February 4, 2023 that had been
drifting across American airspace for days. Subsequently, three
other such takedowns by the US military came in North
American airspace—on February 10, 2023 on sea ice near
Deadhorse, Alaska; on February 11, 2023 in the Canadian
Yukon; and on February 12, 2023 off the shore in Lake
Huron. Spy or surveillance balloons are typically advanced
balloons equipped with high-tech, downward-pointing
imaging gear. In the satellite age, spy balloons offer close-
range monitoring. The balloons are sometimes released in
sky subject to weather patterns but can be equipped with a
“guiding apparatus” to control their path. While satellites
remain the preferred method of spying from overhead, the
lower-flying balloons, which hover at about the same height
as commercial airlines fly, can typically take clearer images
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
than the lowest orbiting
satellites. Surveillance balloons
can also be capable of
gathering electronic signals and
intercepting communications.
Balloons have a fairly long
history of being used for the
purpose of spying, especially
during the wars. Primitive
forms of surveillance balloons
came into use in the 1800s.
France used crewed balloons for surveillance in the Franco-
Austrian war in 1859. Crewed and tethered balloons were
again used during the US Civil War, which stretched from
1861 to 1865. Surveillance balloons became more common
in World War I and II. During the latter war, the Japanese
military used balloons to loft incendiary bombs into the US
territory. No military targets were damaged, but several
civilians were killed when one of the balloons crashed in an
Oregon forest. Just after World War II, the US military
started exploring the use of high-altitude spy balloons, which
led to a large-scale series of missions called Project Genetrix.
Under the programme, photographic balloons were flown
over Soviet bloc territory in the 1950s.
How did a small town of Erzin survive
the deadly earthquake in Türkiye?
When a 7.8 magnitude earthquake devastated southern
and central Türkiye as well as northern and western Syria
on February 6, 2023, a small town in Türkiye, called Erzin,
survived the earthquake like an oasis of stability near the
Mediter ranean.
While the earth
was shattered and
buildings were
razed, and the
towns and cities
turned into tombs
of concrete all
around, Erzin was
spared casualties and suffered only minor damage. In Erzin,
with a population of 41,677 people, no one died and not a
single building fell. Erzin lies less than 50 miles from the
earthquake's epicentre, closer than cities to the south, like
Iskenderun, much of which was reduced to a rubble, and
Antakya, which was badly hit, with a major fire at the port,
seawater flooding the streets, and apartments and shops
destroyed.
Engineers and scientists attribute Erzin’s survival to a
variety of factors, including better construction that adhered
to the latest seismic codes and its advantageous location.
According to the geomorphologists, soil condition was the
main reason why Erzin did not suffer heavy damage. Many
of the cities and villages in the region were built atop the
layers of sand, silt and clay of an ancient riverbed. Those
soft, water-laden sediments made the cities and towns
uniquely vulnerable to earthquakes. In contrast, Erzin stands
higher above sea level and is built on hard ground comprising
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 bedrock and coarser grains than sand. The hard soil acted
as a shock absorber between structures and quake's waves.
Secondly, the authorities in Erzin strictly enforced Türkiye's
long-existing seismic codes for builders and did not allow
illegal construction at any cost, which was not the case in
other Turkish towns and cities where lax law enforcement
has played a key role in the devastation. Many of the local
residents spoke about how this earthquake was a testament
to the good work done by the town's engineers.
Where is a cube-shaped supercity
Mukaab being built?
Saudi Arabia, on February 16, 2023, unveiled its grand plan
to build “world’s first immersive, experiential” city, called
Mukaab—“cube” in Arabic—in central Riyadh. It will stand
400 metres high, wide and long, big enough to hold 20 Empire
State Buildings, according to the Saudi kingdom’s Public
Investment Fund (PIF). The Mukaab, set to be completed
by 2030, will be at the heart of the New Murabba Project,
a plan to create "the world's largest and modern downtown"
in the capital Riyadh. This is the latest among a string of
ambitious architectural projects planned and undertaken by
Saudi Arabia as a part of its Vision 2030, aimed at revolutionising
the country's economy and lifestyle.
Spread over 19 sq. km, the new Murabba project will be
built around the concept of sustainability and will add SAR
180 billion (roughly $47 billion) to Saudi Arabia's non-oil
GDP. As a highlight of this project, the Mukaab will
house over 1,00,000 residential units, 9,000 hotel rooms and
1.4 million square metres of office space as well as dozens
208
of entertainment and culture venues. There will also be
1.8 million sq. metres of space dedicated to community
facilities. The cubic shape of the Mukaab has been highlighted
as a measure to ensure the ultimate utilisation of space. An
immersive experience will be created inside the cube using
latest digital technology and holography. At the centre will
be a tower atop a spiral base which will be a premium
hospitality destination with retail, cultural, tourist, commercial
and luxury residential attractions.
The Mukaab will be built using the modern Najdi
architectural style—a twist on the traditional Najdi
architectural style from the Najd region in the centre of the
Arabian peninsula. This architectural style was perfected over
generations to be best suited for the region's desert climate—
its design focusses on naturally controlling the climate inside
the structure. Hence, the cube shape is not just yet another
futuristic concept for a city as it will also serve a functional
purpose by limiting energy requirements inside it.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2023
Australia Wins Unmatched 6th Title
Australia won the Women's T20 World Cup for the 6th
time when they beat hosts South Africa by 19 runs in the
final at Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town, on
February 26, 2023. Australia won the toss and decided to
bat first, after which a blistering half-century by opener Beth
Mooney led to the Australian team putting a total of
156 runs on the scoreboard in 20 overs. Mooney played
an innings of 74 runs off 53 balls with the help of 9 fours
and 1 six. Apart from Mooney, Ash Gardner scored 29 runs
off 21 balls, including 2 fours and 2 sixes. For South Africa,
Marijne Kapp took 2 wickets for 35 runs while Shabnim
Ismail also took 2 wickets for 26 runs.
Chasing a decent total of 156, star South African batter
Laura Wolvaardt smacked 61 runs off 48 deliveries studded
with 5 fours and 3 sixes. But soon after she departed off
Megan Schutt, the hosts were restricted to 137 for 6 in 20
overs. Eventually, Schutt (1/23), Darcie Brown (1/25), Jess
Jonassen (1/21 in 3 overs) and Ashleigh Gardner (1/13)
shattered South Africa's hopes to win their maiden World
Cup title. Mooney won the Player of the Match award while
Gardner's outstanding performance with her 10 wickets and
110 runs playing a huge part in Australia's triumphant
campaign, won her the Player of the Tournament award.
ATHLETICS
Maharashtra Tops The Medals Tally At
5th Khelo India Youth Games
Maharashtra emerged the overall champion at the fifth
edition of the Khelo India Youth Games, hosted by Madhya
Pradesh in eight cities namely Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur,
Gwalior, Ujjain, Maheshwar, Mandla and Balaghat from
January 31 to February 11, 2023, by securing a total of 161
medals comprising 56 gold, 55 silver and 50 bronze medals.
Haryana came at the second position by getting a total of
128 medals comprising 41 gold, 32 silver and 55 bronze.
Host Madhya Pradesh finished third with 96 medals
comprising 39 gold, 30 silver and 27 bronze medals.
CRICKET
Ben Stokes Shines With Most Sixes
In Test Cricket
England captain Ben Stokes etched his name in history
books, displacing former New Zealand cricketer Brendon
McCullum as the batter with most sixes, when he smashed
two sixes in the first Test of two-match England vs New
Zealand series on February 18, 2023. Stokes now has 109
sixes against his name in 90 Tests while McCullum has 107
sixes in 101 Test matches. With 100 sixes, former Australian
wicket-keeper Adam Gilchrist is the only other player in
Test cricket to have maximums in three figures. He was
also the first player in history to reach 100 Test sixes. Chris
Gayle of West Indies is 4th with 98 sixes, followed by
South African Jacques Kallis with 97 sixes.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
Australian team rejoices grand victory in
ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2023.
Earlier, Australia had won the ICC Women's T20 World
Cup in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2018 and 2020. In between, the
West Indies had stopped the Australian juggernaut, becoming
the 2016 champions in India. With the 6th title triumph,
Australia completes a hat-trick of tournament wins under
captain Meg Lanning after their victory in 2018, 2020 and
2023.
New Zealand Pulls Off 1 Run Sensational
Victory To Level Series 1-1 Against England
The elusive drama of the Test cricket was at its very best
when New Zealand edged past England by a mere 1 run
in what turned out to be a sensational victory in second and
last Test of the series at Wellington, New Zealand, on
February 28, 2023. The win ranks as the second-closest
victory in the history of Test cricket. The New Zealand team
also became only the fourth team in Test cricket after England
(in 1894 and 1981) and India (in 2001) to win a Test after
being forced to follow-on. New Zealand was made to follow
on in this Test match after they could score just 209 in
response to England's massive first innings total of 435/8.
On the final day full of twist and turns, England looked all
set to win, needing only 258 runs. But it was bowled out
for 256, with Neil Wagner doing the bulk of damage with
3 wickets and Matt Henry had two in his name as well. The
thrilling win helped New Zealand to level the series 1-1. Kane
Williamson with his 133 runs in both the innings won Man
of the Match award. New Zealand had lost the series-opening
match by 267 runs. With 329 runs and 1 wicket, England's
Harry Brown was adjudged the Man of the Series.
Saurashtra Beats West Bengal To Bag Second
Ranji Trophy Title
Saurashtra thrashed West Bengal by 9 wickets in the summit
clash to clinch Ranji Trophy 2022-23 title, their second, at
the Eden Gardens in Kolkata on February 19, 2023. Having
given away a big first innings lead of 230 runs, Bengal, who
were overnight 169/4 in their second innings, folded for
241, handing the visitors a mere 12 runs target to win the
209

final. Saurashtra eventually went past the target, reaching
14 for 1 in 2.4 overs, to wrap up the match with one day
and two full sessions to spare. Saurashtra captain Jaydev
Unadkat won the Man of the Match award for his match
figures of 9 wickets for 129. His teammate Arpit Vasavada
won the Man of the Series for his 907 runs. Saurashtra's
earlier triumph was in 2019-20 season.
GOLF
India's Aditi Ashok Wins Kenya
Ladies Open
Indian golfer Aditi Ashok turned in one
of the most dominating performances on
the Ladies European Tour with a nine-shot
win at the Magical Kenya Ladies Open on
February 5, 2023. She won with a final
round score of 74. It was a fourth win on
the Ladies European Tour (LET) for the
Indian, who now plays mostly on the Ladies
Aditi Ashok
PGA in the United States.
HOCKEY
Hockey Madhya Pradesh Wins Senior National
Women's Hockey Championship
Hockey Madhya Pradesh defeated Hockey Maharashtra
5-1 to win the 13th Hockey India Senior Women National
Championship at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, on
February 27, 2023. Hockey Madhya Pradesh lived up to their
top billing, conceding only 3 goals in the tournament. Hockey
Jharkhand finished 3rd after they defeated Hockey Haryana
2-1 in the third-place game. Among individual award winners
of the tournament, Saroj Minj (Captain, Hockey Jharkhand)
won the Best Goalkeeper, Pratibha Arya (Hockey Madhya
Pradesh) the Best Defender, Manashri Narendra Shedage
(Hockey Maharashtra) the Best Midfielder and Albela Rani
Toppo (Hockey Jharkhand) the Best Forward awards.
SHOOTING
With 4 Gold, India Tops Medals Tally
At ISSF World Cup 2023
Team India concluded a successful outing at the ISSF
World Cup 2023 in Cairo, Egypt, which concluded on
February 23, 2023. They topped the medal standings with
7 medals, comprising 4 gold and 3 bronze. Hungary emerged
as the second best with 3 medals (2 gold and
1 silver) while Italy and Switzerland were tied for the third
spot. For India, Rudrankksh Balasaheb Patil (Men's 10m air
rifle) and Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar (Men's 50m rifle
three position) won individual gold, while two other gold
medals came in 10m air rifle and 10m air pistol mixed
events. Varun Tomar (Men's 10m air pistol), Tilottama Sen
(Women's 10m air rifle) and Anish Bhanwala (Men's 25m
rapid fire pistol) won bronze medals for the country.
MOTOR RACING
Jean-Eric Vergne Wins 2023 Greenko
Hyderabad E-Prix
DS Penske's Jean-Eric Vergne Von won the 2023 Greenko
Hyderabad E-Prix (Round 4 of Season 9) on February 11,
210
Messi, Putellas Win FIFA's
Best Player Of The Year 2022
Lionel Messi and Alexia Putellas
Argentina's World Cup-winning captain Lionel Messi
won FIFA's Men's Player of the Year 2022 at the
Best FIFA Football Awards 2022 held in Paris on
February 27, 2023. The 35-year-old beat French forwards
Kylian Mbappe and Karim Benzema to win the prize.
Messi captained Argentina to World Cup glory in Qatar,
and scored 27 goals in 49 games for club and country
in 2021-22. This is the second time Messi has won the
award, equalling Cristiano Ronaldo and Robert
Lewandowski's massive feat at the FIFA awards. Spain's
Alexia Putellas, who won the Ballon d'Or in 2022, was
named FIFA's Women's Player of the Year 2022 for the
second time in a row.
Argentina's head coach Lionel Scaloni won the Best
Men's Coach Award, Emiliano Martinez won the Best
Men's Goalkeeper Award and the Argentine fans won
the Best Fan Award for the first time. The Best Women's
Goalkeeper was Mary Earps of England and the Best
Women's Coach Award went to Sarina Wiegman of
England's women's national team. The Best Women's
Goalkeeper was Mary Earps of England and the Best
Women's Coach Award went to Sarina Wiegman of
England's women's national team. The Fair Play Award
winner was Luka Lochoshvili of Georgia.
2023. The day was a historic one for India as the country
hosted its maiden ABB FIA Formula E World Championship
race in the beautiful city of Hyderabad near Hussain Sagar
Lake. It was a hard-fought victory for Vergne, who managed
to fend off a stiff challenge from Envision Racing duo of
Nick Cassidy and Sebastien Buemi, the Season 2 champion.
However, Buemi was penalised after the race and TAG
Heuer Porsche Formula E Team's Antonio Felix da Costa
took the third position behind the second-placed Cassidy.
The win was Vergne's 11th in Formula E race.
TENNIS
Daniil Medvedev Wins Qatar Open Title
World No. 8 Russia's Daniil Medvedev defeated former
World No.1 Andy Murray of England in straight sets 6-4,
6-4 in the Qatar Open final at the Centre Court in Doha
on February 25, 2023 to win his second ATP title in a
week. With his 17th career title, the 27-year-old moved up
one place to 7th in the new world rankings.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 Tips To Kick-Start
The New Academic Session
Mr. Ajay Kumar Sharma
National Academic Director – Engineering, AESL
The new academic year has begun, and students are looking
forward to starting their academic year with new ideas and
new hopes for a successful year. However, the start of the
new academic year also brings with it many new tasks and
challenges. Therefore, it’s important to approach the new
school year with a pre-planned strategy, a positive attitude
and good habits.
Below are tips to help students get off to a good start in
the new school year, overcome the challenges and get through
the school year smoothly.
1. Review what you learned last year
The new school year is a continuation of the previous
school year. There are some new topics and some topics you
learned last year, but in greater detail. It’s important that you
review these topics. A brief refresher will prepare your mind
for learning and making the first few weeks easier.
2. Take a look at the syllabus
Before you start your new class, take a look at the syllabus
and familiarise yourself with the curriculum and the subjects
you will be learning in the new class. This will give you an
idea of what learning materials you will need in the new
session so that you can get them in time. Familiarising yourself
with the syllabus will give you an overview of the topics and
chapters so you can get a head start.
3. Engage more, daydream less
Do you feel mentally absent during lecture? Often students
daydream during lectures, missing out on the valuable lessons
the instructor is imparting. If you are also one of these
students, try to be more attentive and involved in the learning
process. Actively participate in class, listen carefully to the
teacher, ask questions, start a conversation, etc. to stay focused
and engaged.
212
4. Make a habit of taking notes
One of the most important habits to get into from day one
is taking notes. This will not only help you keep pace and
understand your lectures in a better way but will also keep
your mind alert and attentive during the class. Note taking is
definitely one of the best ways to keep your mind engaged.
In addition, make your own notes while studying to give an
extra boost to your learning.
5. Study every day
Do you keep procrastinating work and studies to the last
minute? If yes, then it is time to change the habit. Do not
sum up your tasks as it reduces efficiency and increases
pressure. Instead, whatever is taught in the class, follow it at
home. Studying every day and in small instances will not only
help you keep pace with your lessons but will also keep you
organised. It will further reduce your efforts and you won’t
feel the pressure during the examinations.
6. Learn to prioritise
It is imperative to develop the habit of prioritising your
tasks. Prioritising helps to manage time and focus on important
work. In addition, prioritising not only makes a person more
efficient but also helps them focus on their goals. This in
turn will help you concentrate your energy and efforts on
what is important.
7. Stop multi-tasking
If you are in a habit of doing many tasks at the same time,
change it now. Multi-tasking not only robs you of doing your
best but also exhausts your brain. Moreover, while working
on several tasks at once, you can easily lose focus. Multi-
tasking escalates stress levels and thus takes a toll on
your health. Instead concentrate on one task at a time and
excel at it.
COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023
 BODY
WASH

REVITALIZES &
REFRESHES SKIN

with the goodness of

OUD &
GREEN TEA
 Persons In News
Giorgia Meloni George Soros Vinod Kumar Shukla
Italy’s newly-elected Prime Minister, Mr. George Soros, a Hungarian- Short story writer, novelist and
Ms. Giorgia Meloni, was a surprising American billionaire, stirred up a poet Mr. Vinod Kumar Shukla joined
Chief Guest hornets’ nest the small list
at the Raisina with his highly of globally-cele-
Dialogue, India’s loaded comments brated Hindi
premier geopolitics about India at the litterateurs when
and geo-economics Munich Security he received the
conference, held Conference on 2023 PEN/
in New Delhi on February 16, Nabokov Award
March 2, 2023. 2023. While for Achievement
She also held talks he said that in International
on bilateral and “Mr. Modi’s Literature on
global issues stronghold on Vinod Kumar February 28, 2023.
Giorgia Meloni with her Indian George Soros India’s federal Shukla The 87-year-old is
counterpart Mr. Narendra Modi and government” will weaken and “open known for his novels like Naukar Ki
the two countries decided to elevate the door to push for much needed Kameez and poetry collections like Sab
their relationship to the level of institutional reforms”, he was dismissed Kuch Hona Bacha Rahega. Mr. Shukla’s
strategic partnership and also signed as an “old, rich, opinionated and work is lauded for its distinctive
an MoU on defence cooperation. dangerous” person by none other than linguistic texture and emotional depth.
India’s External Affairs Minister Mr. S.
S. Abdul Nazeer Jaishankar. Salman Rushdie
Former judge of the Supreme Court, Indian-origin writer Mr. Salman
Mr. Justice S. Abdul Nazeer was P.T. Usha Rushdie has come up with his first book
appointed as the After being nominated as a member months after being
Governor of of the Upper House, India’s former grievously injured
Andhra Pradesh much-celebrated by a young
on February 12, international athlete religious fanatic in
2023. He hogged and coach New York. His
the limelight Ms. P.T. Usha new novel 'Victor
for being appoin- chaired the City' is a fiction-
ted to the meeting of the alised telling of
gubernatorial post Rajya Sabha briefly the story of Vija-
just after a month on February 8, yanagara Kingdom,
of his retirement 2023 as she has narrated by a Salman Rushdie
from the apex S. Abdul Nazeer been selected for sorceress and poet named Pampa
court, though he was the 4th retired the panel of Vice- Kampana, who over more than two
judge of the Supreme Court to be Chairpersons of P.T. Usha centuries witnessed Vijayanagara's many
made Governor in the history of the House. Initially a bit nervous, victories and defeats. He again creates
independent India. Ms. Usha was greeted by the members magical characters, situations and nara-
by thumping of the desks when she tives to bring to life an ancient Empire
Gautam Adani sat on the Chair to manage the that lasted more than three centuries.
India’s most-celebrated billionaire proceedings.
industrialist Mr. Gautam Adani slipped Prabhat Koli
to the 30th spot, Virat Kohli At the young age of 23, Indian
from 2nd just a India’s ace cricketer Mr. Virat Kohli swimmer Prabhat Koli achieved the rare
month ago, in the became the fastest batter to complete feat of completing
global rich list 25,000 international the highly testing
with his net worth runs in Test Ocean Seven,
dropping below cricket during the an intensely-
$40 billion on match against contested open-
Australia in water swimming
Februar y 27, challenge, on
2023. The acute New Delhi on
March 5, 2023,
damage to the February 19, thus becoming
share prices of 2023. He reached the youngest person
Gautam Adani his Group the landmark in
Prabhat Koli ever to do so. The
companies was caused by a US-based 549 international long distance
short-seller fir m Hindenburg Virat Kohli matches, going swimmer completed the challenge
Research’s report that accused the past Mr. Sachin by swimming a distance of 28 km in
conglomerate of indulging in Tendulkar who achieved the feat in 8:41 hours across the Cook Strait in
stock manipulation and accounting 577 Tests. He is only the 6th batsman to New Zealand in challenging weather
fraud. reach 25,000-run mark in Test cricket. conditions.
218 COMPETITION SUCCESS REVIEW, APRIL 2023