x max point

Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics

min Point
Completing The Square to Find Turning Points (Quadratic Graphs)

We use the method of completing the square to find coordinates of minimum point of maximum point on
the graph of a quadratic function. The point is called the turning point.
Steps to complete the square for a quadratic equation:

i
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 8

y 11
=

s11+(3):-(3)? 8
+

=1 -
3) 17 minimum
(3,17)
+ -

↳ point
Y
(1 + 3 0
=

11
-
=
3

Exercise 7.8
1. Find the coordinates of the turning point on the graphs of these quadratic functions.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2
i
y 11
=
-
6) (3)
+ -

(3) + 2 minimum
13,7)
=

3)2 point
(x - -

7
- -

11 3 0 Y
=
+

(1 3
=

2
(b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3

y (12 + 4)) +
=

(i):/2) =

5
minimum:
y jx -
(-2,-7
2)2
=

7 point
+

- -

11 + 2 0
=

y
11 2
=
-

2
(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 2

y 1 +5x (2.5) - 12.5)

=

2 minim Um
+

(-2.5, -8.25)
-

y (1 1.5)
=
+ -
8.15 point
-
e
Y
11 + 1.5 0
=

11 - 2.5
=

1
Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics

I
(d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 5
y 11
=

T +

1
- I

) 1 2)
-
-

5
+

minimum.I ,
-

( ) -
-
-

11 = e
=
-

11
=
= Y
2
(e) 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 6
y 11 41 6)
-
=
+
-

y
=
-

(x2 +

4x (2): -(2)
+
-

6]
y ((x + 2)2 10]
=
- -

y
=
-
(x 2)2 + 10
+ maxiMUM
:1-2, 10 (
point
e -

11+2 0 =
Y
11
=
- 2
2
(f) 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4
(1 311 4(
=

y
+ -
-

(1-5) - 11.5) -4]

y (x 3x
= +
+
-

maxim UN
[(x+ 1.9)2 -6.25]
y
(-1.5,6.25)
=
- =

point
y (x 1.5)2 6-25
= +
- +

- -

(141.5 0
=
Y

11 1 -5
=

2
(g) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 5
y 2(1 31 + 2.5)
=
-

y 2(12 3) 1 1.5) 11.5) 2.5]

= + - - +
-

1.5) 0.25]
2
y 1[(x
=
- +

y c(x 1.5) +0.5

= -

-
-

11 -
1.5 0
=
if
minimum: (1.5,0.5(
11 1.5
=

POIDA
⑧
2
(h) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 4

3/n 2x )
= -

y
+

-
(1)
]
=-

=3((
+

2x) + (1)

3/(1+ 1). ]
=

minimum.)-1,-(
point
=
3(1+1)-- -
7
n

(H 0
= Y 2

11
=
-
1
 Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics

0
(i) 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2

2(x y) 4
− 3𝑥 + 4 : - + +

y z(( 3x 2)
=
+
- -

= -

2[( 3x (y)"
+ +
-

(i) 2] -

=0
2[(x 4): ] 11
-
=
=
- +

i
gradient of maximum
(-y,)
=

I
a curve
Differentiation
⑦ turning point BONU
𝑑𝑦
The differentiate to find gradient at a particular point of a curve. We use the notation 𝑑𝑥 or 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).

The rule of differentiation: y 3515

=

y 10(13
=

gy=15114&Y 30
=

y 4(1 y 1511 y 3
=
=
=

Exercise 7.9
B 4:15 =
0
=

1) 35122) y (113 4) y (113-411 + 5

-

y 3) y 01144
= = =
=

de By 6112
My 24x3 dy 1014 8)
=

6x 4
-
=
=
-
=

6 y 5 9112 35147)y 117 + 16+

=

35
9) y 414 3(13 + 5112
- -
= =

dy =

163 - 911 + 101 a = -

61-1213 dy 716 6(1575614

=
+

-1129)y 514+ 13 3sK10):41-42

=

8) y I (13 +
=
-

= My =
3 yx2 x
+
-

St s
3
Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics

= &
& &
11) +(1) 5113-6112 1(1):8115-4114 +3
=

12)

f'(1) 1912-12()
=

+(1) 30114
= -
16013

13) f'(l) 4011-25114 +2

=

14) +(1) 56117-13

=

15) +(1) 570 5114

=

18) +'(=
48114+ 511

②
&

19
B 10114 64113-13
-
=

16)
= 12178-109

19) y iy
=
(17 -

=118+ y (13
My =
18 -
515 +
l

4
Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics

Finding Gradient ① differentiation

Exercise 7.10 ② sub <I value

f(x) 2112
=
-

3/13
↑(1) 411 - 9112
=

(b) 4(4) P(4)2(9) 41-5)

-

91-5)
(9) ⑯(1) 9(1)2
-
-

245
=
- -

=
-
G =>
-

128

f'(l) 12112 5
= -

19) 12(2)2 5 -
(b) 121-5) 25 11) 1210.5) 25
=

43 427
=
-
=

- 2

I'(l) 1251 24112- 7

=
+

19) (213) 24(3): 7 (b) (2) 4) + 24).4) -

7
+
-

245 -329
=

(2(5) 24(3)"7
+

(1)

3
=

5
Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics

dy: 2) -

29 H 1
=
- -

20
=
- 1 4
+

20 3
=

a 1.5
=

4 611 2
-
=

6b -
1
=
- 20

6b =
- 18
b -
=
3

-
y 3 4x
=
- -

y 3) 2) 2) 1)
=

7 -
-
-
-

3 4) 5
=

G
- -

I 8
-
=

11
=
-
2

6
 ①
By 0 G find and y value
=

((1,1)
Chapter 7: Graphs Olivia Chen Mathematics
Finding nature?

Differentiation to Find Turning Points (Other Graphs)

Exercise 7.11
diy 30 98
iin im NM Maximum

f'(l) 25-3
=
(b) 1(1) 8x- 7 =

10) f1(11) =
-3-4(1
19)
811 -7 0 y 1)) 0
= =

211 3 0
= -
-
-

811 7 41 3
- =

2) 3
=
=

(1 0.875 (1 - 0.75
= =

(1 1.5
=

y 11.5)2
= -
3)1.9). 5 y 410.875)2
=
-

710.8753 y 2 3) 0.75)
=
= - -

2) 0.75)2
-

=
-
7.25 =
-
-

3.8625 3.175
=

min point (1.5,-725) point (-0.75, 3.125)

max
min point (0.875, -3.0025)

+"(1) (b) +"(11) 8 + "(1) 4

=

19) (1)
=

2 = -

minimum minimum maximum point

point DONA

+(1) 1011-7 y =910.7)" 710.7) +6(b) + 11 (1) 10 >0

=
=

1011-7 0
=
=

3.55
1011 7
=

11 8.7
= 10.7,3.95]

1231
(b) 1"(1) 1
=
-

+(1) 611
=

(9) -
4x
12(01 4 4s0
=
-
-

oe
((0) 2(0) 3
-

0
=

6112 4) y
-
=
-

3 10,-37 MAXIMUM
=

2) 0
-

as1(3)1
=
-

((z) (5) 4
y
=
-

11:0 x =

4 8>0
12(5)
=
-

-89
=

7
15,1) minimum