Space Communication

R7021R
2022
Space Communication, R7021R

Today…
• Who is Jonny
• Lectures schedule
• Overview ”Satellite System”
 Space Communications R7022R 2022
Preliminary Lecture Schedule
Lecture subject Group A Group B
Introduction (Zoom) 31-okt 31-okt
Overview of Satellite System, Chapter 1 01-nov 01-nov
Radio wave propagation, Chapter 4 08-nov 02-nov
Polarization, Chapter 5 09-nov 08-nov
Antennas, Chapter 6 15-nov 15-nov
Space Segment, Chapter 7 22-nov 16-nov
Modulation (Zoom) 18-nov 18-nov
Earth segment, Chapter 8 29-nov 22-nov
Space Link, Chapter 12 part 1 30-nov 29-nov
Space Link Chapter 12, part 2 06-dec 06-dec
Interference, Chapter 13 13-dec 07-dec
Spare time/Lectures on request…. 14-dec 13-dec
Early day Space
Communication

• Vostok-1 voice, Gagarin

to Zarya-1 during launch
phase, 143.625 MHz (?),
12 April 1961
Space Communication Satellite Systems SES
Space Communication Satellite Systems
Space Communication Satellite Systems
Intelsat
Inmarsat
 Space Communication Satellite Systems
Iridium s,
dnes
P re pare
ter
isas
o r D
at io ns f
m unic p o n se
llit e Com and Res
Sate ar ning
W
Early Number of
satellites 66 + 9
 Starlink

• Constellation of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to provide

high-speed internet services
• Orbit 550 km above earth
• Number of active satellites as September 22: > 2300
• Long term Target: 14 000 active s/c
Number of satellite 464/648
Satellite Systems Meteo…
Satellite Systems • 24 Satellites

Navigation Galileo • 6 spare/standby

• 14 h / revolution
Other constellations
• Globalstar – an operational low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation for
satellite phone and low-speed data communications 48 S/C
• Kuiper Systems – a planned 3236 LEO satellite Internet constellation being
built by Amazon. Co-operation with Verizon. FB satellite connectivity team
switched to Kupier (July 21). 1st prototype launch within 1 year.
• O3b Networks – medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite constellation primarily
intended to provide voice and data to mobile operators and Internet
service providers, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of SES S.A.
• ViaSat – offers an operational Internet service from four geostationary
satellites
Satellite Systems, Remote Sensing /Scientific
• Optical
• Radar
• Electronic surveillance
• Deep Space
• Within our solar system
• Away from our solar system
• Environment measurement
• Astronomy

Total cost: 10.8 Billion USD + 700 MEuro + 200 M CAD

Relay Satellites

European Data
Relay Satellite NASA - TDRS
System - EDRS
Satellite Systems
• Number of active satellites 4,852 and increasing by ≈ 4/day

• Complex communications

• A varity of communication requirement vs Satellite Systems

•One common Resource : Frequencies

Space
Communication
co-exist with
Terrestial
communication

According to GSMA there are 10.98 Billion mobile

connections worldwide
Use of frequencies for Space Communication
FREQUENCY ALLOCATION
• ITU – International Telecommunications Unit

• Global body for frequency assignement

FREQUENCY ALLOCATION
 Frequency Band
THE EUROPEAN TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS AND UTILISATIONS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 9 kHz to 3000 GHz
https://www.fmv.se/globalassets/dokument/om-fmv/frekvensforvaltning/ref-5_1_-ecc-frekvensplan_ercrep025_110621.pdf

Nomination Frequency Utilization

VHF
UHF
L
S

C
X
Ku
Ka
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF (MHz) 136 -138 Meteo sat, mobile sat downlik
144 - 146 Amateur satellite activity
148 - 150 Uplink to satellites
149.95 – 150.5 Ionospherinc Research, time/freq services
240 - 270 Military satellites
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization

VHF
399.9 - 403 Navigation, time frequency standards
UHF (MHz) 432 – 438 Amateur band, Earth Resources Sat
460 - 470 Meteo and Environmental Sat
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF
UHF
1.2 – 1.8 GPS, Galileo, GNSS, Search & Rescue, mobil
L (GHz)
1.67 – 1.71 communication
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF
UHF
L
2.025 – 2.3 Space Operation, Deep space, Earth Resources
S (GHz)
2.5 – 2.67 Point to point comm
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF
UHF
L
S
3.4 – 4.2 Fixed Satellite Services, Broadcast Satellite Services
C (GHz) 5.9 – 6.4 Uplink
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF
UHF
L
S
C
X (GHz) 8–9 Space research, Environmental Sat, Deep space
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF
UHF
L
S
C
X
10.7 – 11.7 Fixed Satellite Servises (FSS)
11.7 - 12.2 Broadcast Satellite Services
Ku (GHz)
14.5 – 14.8 Uplink
17.3 – 18.1 Alternative uplink
 Frequency Band
Nomination Frequency Utilization
VHF
UHF
L
S

C
X
Ku
Ka (GHz) 23 – 27 new missions with high req of bandwitdh
 Future?
• Cost effective access to Space
• Powerful Cub-Sat´s
• More complex satellite services will be developed ?
• More efficient communication required?
• Utilize Optical communication ?
Concerns ……
• Light pollution
• DarkSat
• Access to Orbital
information

• Space debris
• automate satellite
collision avoidance
maneuvers