Measuring the Height of a Building

Using Trigonometry
Barbara Jakubiak MYP1

Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Methodology 1
Trigonometric Calculation 2
Considerations and Limitations 2
Conclusion 3

1
Abstract
This report outlines a mathematical approach to measure the height of a building using
trigonometry. By utilizing the principles of trigonometry and making accurate angle
measurements, we can determine the height of a building without physically accessing its
highest point. This method is particularly useful when direct measurements are not feasible
due to obstacles or limited accessibility.

Introduction
Measuring the height of a building accurately is crucial in various fields such as architecture,
engineering, and urban planning. Traditional methods involving direct measurements, such
as tape or laser rangefinders, may not always be practical. This report presents a
trigonometric approach that overcomes these limitations by utilizing angles and basic
trigonometric functions.

Methodology
To measure the height of a building using trigonometry, the following steps are involved:

Step 1: Select a reference point: Choose a location from which you have a clear view of the
building and a suitable reference point nearby. This reference point should have a known
height, such as a lamppost or a person of known height.

Step 2: Measure the distance: Measure the horizontal distance between the reference point
and the building using a measuring tape or any other suitable method.

Step 3: Measure the angle: Using a theodolite, clinometer, or a smartphone application

capable of measuring angles, measure the angle of elevation from the reference point to the
top of the building. Ensure that the angle is measured accurately and precisely.

Step 4: Apply trigonometric principles: Using the measured distance and the angle of
elevation, apply basic trigonometric functions to calculate the height of the building. The
most commonly used trigonometric function for this purpose is the tangent function.

Trigonometric Calculation
Let "d" represent the measured horizontal distance to the building, and let "θ" denote the
measured angle of elevation. The tangent function relates these variables as follows:

tan(θ) = height of building / d + height of the measuring point

Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the height of the building:

2
height of building = d * tan(θ)

I measured a horizontal distance twice. First of 7 meters to the building and obtained an
angle of elevation of 40 degrees. Second time of 9 meters to the building and obtained an
angle of elevation of 32 degrees. Applying the formula, the height of the building can be
calculated as:

height of building = 7 * tan(40) + 1.74

≈ 7 * 0,8391 + 1.74
≈ 7.61 meters

height of building = 9 * tan(32) + 1.74

≈ 9 * 0,6248 + 1.74
≈ 7.36 meters

Hence, the height of the building is approximately 7.48 meters.

Considerations and Limitations

While this trigonometric method provides a viable approach to measuring the height of a
building, it is essential to consider potential limitations and sources of error. These include:

- Accurate angle measurement: Ensuring precise measurement of the angle of elevation is

crucial. The use of appropriate measuring tools and techniques is essential for minimizing
errors.

- Earth's curvature: For large buildings or long distances, the curvature of the Earth might
affect the accuracy of measurements. This method assumes a flat Earth surface and works
well for shorter distances.

- Atmospheric conditions: Air density and atmospheric refraction can introduce slight
variations in the measured angle, affecting the accuracy of the height calculation. Clear
weather conditions are ideal for obtaining reliable results.

Conclusion
The trigonometric method presented in this report offers a practical solution for measuring
the height of a building when direct access to the top is not possible or practical. By
accurately measuring the distance and angle of elevation, we can utilize basic trigonometric
principles to calculate the building's height. While certain limitations exist, this method
provides a useful alternative in various real-world scenarios.