Ent e re d a c c o rd i naf' t o A c t of C o nac re s s i n t he y e a r 1 837 b J A M ES " A N N O R D EN

t i ée
ll

( le rl a Otli c a o f t he D n s t u c t C o urt 0 1 t he U n i te d S t a te s , f
o r he S o uthe rn D i s t ri c t Jf l ?'
v
i o r‘
p

:
 D I S C OU R SE .

T no s r: who s tudy th e Scr i ptu res ei ther a s a matt e r of duty

,

or pl e a s ur e—who s eek i n th e m divin e r e v e lation s or search fo r ,

the recor d s of history cannot b e ig noran t of the fac t t hat t he

“

Jewish n ation at an e arly period wa s divided in to twelv e

, ,

tribe s and occupi e d th e ir anci e nt h e ritag e under geographical

,

divisions during th e mo s t splendi d periods under the kingdom s

,

of Judah and of Israel .

The ir e arly history— th e ri se progr e ss an d downfall of th e

,

nation— th e proud distin ction of being the chos e n p e opl e — their

,
—
laws gov e rnm e nt and wars th e ir sover e ig ns j udges and ,

templ e s —thei r s ufle ri ngs disp e rsions and th e various pr0phe

'

, ,

ci e s conc e rning thi s anci e nt and ex traordinary people cannot ,

be unknown to yo u all Fo r th e ir history is th e foundation of

.

religion their viciss itud es th e r e sul t of proph e cy thei r re s t o ra

, ,

tion th e fulfilmen t of that gr e at promis e mad e to th e P atriarch

Abraham almos t I may say i n th e infancy of natur e
, .

I t i s also k nown to you th at th e J e wish n ation was finally

ov e r pow e red an d n in e and a half of th e trib e s w e r e carri e d
,

captiv e s t o Samaria ; two and a hal f to wi t : Judah Benj ami n

, ,

an d h al f Me u n es ah re ma i n e d i n J ud e a o r in t he t ran d an
j i
‘

,
s or v

c itie s .

Th e questio n b e for e us fo r co n sid e r at i o n i s what has b e com e

,

o ft he m i s si ng o r d i s p e r s e d tr i b es —to w h at q uart e r of th e world

 4

did they dir e ct their footsteps an d what ar e th e e vid e nc es of

,

their existence at this day T

An ear thquake may shake and ov e rturn the foundations of a
ci ty— t he avalanche may ove rw hel m the hamle t— an d the cra
ter of a v olcan o may p o ur its lava over fertile plains an d popu
l o us villages but a whole natio n cannot vanish from the sigh t
,

of the world with o ut leavin g some traces of its existence

, ,

some m arks of habits and cust o ms .

I t is a singular fact that hist o ry is e xceedingly confused or ,

rather I m ay say d ark respecting the ultimate dispersion of t he

,

tribes among t he cities of the Medes The las t notice we hav e .

of them is fr o m the second B o ok of Esdras which runs thus , .

Whereas thou sawest an o ther p eaceable multitude thes e

are the ten tribes which were carried away prisoners o ut of their
own land in the time o f O sea whom Sal manazar K in g of As ,

syria led away captive and he carried them ove r the w aters so
, ,

”
t hey came u nt o an o ther land .

They t oo k this counse l amon g themselv es that they would

leave the mul t itude of the heat hen and go into a further country ,

where i n nev er mank i nd dwelt that they might there keep thei r
,

statutes which they neve r kept i n their own land (Assyria

, , , "
a nd t here was a great way to g o namely a year and a half ”
, .

Es d ras however has been deemed apo c hry phal Much

, , .

has bee n said c o ncer ning t he doubtful character of that

writer He wr o te in t he first century o f the C hristian church

.

and T e rt uli a n St I re neus Clemens Alexandri ns Pico de Mi

, .
, ,

ra nd o la and many learned and pi o us men ha d great confidence

, ,

in his writings Pa rt o f the m have bee n adopted by Pro tes

.

tants and all considered o rth o dox by C atholics With all his
, .

old Jewis h attachments to the prophecies and traditions Esdras ,

was nevertheless a con vert to Christianity He was not an i n .

s
pired wr i ter o r a pr o phet although he a ss u med to b e one, and
,
l
 5

follow e d th e cour se a s W e ll a s the mann er of D a ni el The .

Book of Esdras how e ver i s of gr e at an tiquity and a s a n hi s

, , ,

t ori c al record is doubtless e ntitled to grea t respect .

The pr e cise n umber which left B aby lon and oth e r cities an d ,

took t o th e desert can no t be accurately known ; but they wer e

,

e xc ee dingly n umerous for th e e dic t of A has he rus which de

, ,

cr e e d their destruction embrace d 1 2 7 provinc e s and r e ache d

, ,

from E thiopia to the I ndies Benj amin of Tudela who travelled

.
,

in t he elev e nth century through Persia men tions that i n som e ,

of th e provinces at th e time of that decre e the Jews occupied ,

4 0 cities 2 00 boroughs 1 00 castles which contained

, , ,

people I incline to th e opinion that

. of t he tribes left

P ersia .

T h e r e is no doub t that i n the march from t he Euph rates to th e

north east coast of Asia many of the tribes hesitated i n pursu
-
,

in g th e journey : som e r e main e d in Tartary many w e nt in to ,

C hina Alvarez stat e s in his His tory of C hina that the Jew s
.
,

had been livin g in that kingdo m for more t han 6 00 ye ars H e .

mi ght with gr e ater probability have said 1 6 00 y ears He sp e aks .

of their bein g very n umerous i n som e of th e provinc e s and ,

h avin g synagogues i nmany of the great ci tie s e sp e cially in that ,

of Hinan and i n its me tropolis Kai tong fu where h e represe nts

- -
,

the m to hav e a magnificent place of worshi p and a repository ,

for the Holy " ol um e adorne d with richly e mbroidered curtains

, ,

in wh ich they pres e rve an ancie n t Hebre w man uscript roll .

Th e y know but little of the Mosaic law and only repeat the ,

names of David Abraham Isaiah and Jaco b I n a Hebr e w

, , ,

l e tt e r writt en by the Je ws of Cochin C hina to th e i r bre th re n at

Amsterdam they give as th e date of th e ir retiring i nto Indi a
, ,

th e period whe n th e Romans conque r e d th e Holy Land .

I t is clearly evident th e re fore that the tri bes i n their progr e ss

, , ,

to a ne w a n d und i scov e r e d cou n try l e ft many of th e i r n umb e r s

,
 6

i nCh i na and Ta r tar y and finall y r e ach e d t he s tra i t s of B e hrin g

, ,

wher e no di ffi culty prevented th e ir crossi ng to th e north w e st -

c oast of America a di s tance less than thirty mil e s int e rsper se d

, ,

wi t h the Copper Islands probably froz e n ove r ; and r e aching

,
”

our continent spread themselv e s i n the cours e of two thousand

,

years to Cape Horn ; th e more hardy keepin g to th e north to ,

L abrador Hudson s Bay an d Gr ee nland th e mor e cultivat e d

,
’
,

fixing their residenc e in the beauti ful climat e and r ich po sses
s ions of Central America M e x ico and P eru, .

B u t i t may her e b e asked co uld th e scattered r e mnant s of

,

Israel have had th e courage to pen e trate through unknown re

gions an d encounter the hardships and privations of that i nhos
,

pi t abl e co untry C ould they have had the fo rti tude the deci ,

s ion,
th e power to venture on a dreary pilgrimage of eightee n
,

months the time mentioned by Esdras as the period of their jou r

,

ney "Could they not ? What obstacles had hit herto impede d
’

their pr o gress that had broken do wn their energies or impair e d

, ,

their constancy and fidelity

They knew that their brethr e n had severed th e ch ain s of
E gyptia nbondage had crossed i n safety the arm of th e Red
S ea had soj o urned for years in the wilderness had encamp e d
near M ou nt Sinai and had poss e ssed th e mselve s of th e Holy
,

Land .

They remembered t he kingdoms of Judah and Israel in all

their glory they had witnes s ed the erection and destruc tion of
their Temple they had fo ught and conquered with the Medes ,

the Assyrians t he Persians the Greeks and the Romans . They

, ,

had enc ountered su f feri ngs upon sufferings unmoved had bow e d
their necks s ubmiss i vely to th e yoke .

K in gs conquerors n ations Christians Mahom e tan s an d

, , , , ,

Heathens all had unit e d in the desig n of destroyin g th e n a

,

t ion but the y n e v er d e spair e d t he y k ne w th e y w ere t he e l e c t

 7

and c h o sen of t h e Lord Th e oath t h at he nev er would aba n-

.
r

d on h is p e opl e h ad b ee n fulfill e d for 3 500 y e a rs and the re fore , , ,

w ith th e cloud by day an d th e pill ar of fir e b y nigh t they ,

abandoned th e Heath e n s an d t he P ersian t e rr i tory pass e d t he ,

confin e s of Tartary an d C hina and no do ubt through great suf , ,

fe ri ng s r e ach e d th e north e ast e rn coa s t of As i a an d ca me i n

,
-
,

sigh t of that con tin e n t wh e r ei n as th e y h ad r e a s o n to b e l ie v e

, ,

man ki n d never b e fore had dwelt ”

.

O n th e discov e ry of Am e rica b y C olumbu s and t he d i s co ,

v eri e s s ubs e q uen t to h is t i m e vari ou s tr i b es of I nd i an s or s et

,

vag es w e r e foun d to i nhabi t thi s our co n t inen t , W h o se o ri gi n

w a s un k nown .

It p e rhaps d ifii c ul t fo r th e h uma n m in d to d e c i d e o n t he

i s, ,

charact e r and condition of an ex tr e m e savag e s tat e We c an .

r e adily beli e v e that childr e n abandon e d i n i nfancy in a savag e

country and s ur v iv i n g this abandonm e n t to gro wu p i n a stat e
, ,

o f n atur e livin g on h e rb s an d fru i ts an d su s ta i n i ng e x i st e n c e

, ,

a s other wi ld animals would b e s tupi d W i thou t lan guag e w i th

, , ,

ou t i n t e ll e ct a n d w i th n o gr e at e r i nstinc t than th at w h ich gov

,

e r ns th e brut e cr e at i on W e can co n ce i v e not h in g r e duc e d t o

.

a mor e savag e co n d i tio n ; wi th cannibal prop e nsiti es a n ungov ,

ernable fe roc i ty o r a t i mid appr e h ensi on t he r e can b e bu t a lin k

, ,

that separat e s th e m from oth e r class e s of a n imal c re at i on So .

w i th h e rds of m e n i n a savag e stat e li k e her ds of bu ffalo o r w ild

'

h ors e s o n ou r pra i r ies th e y ar e ke pt tog e the r by s ound s c ommom

,

amongst th e ms e lves an d a re utt e rly u n ac q ua i nt e d w i t h t he

,

landmarks of c i vilization .

This how e v e r wa s no t t he con dition of th e A meri c an l n

'

, ,

di an s wh e n first d iscover e d They w e r e a sin gula r race of m e n

.
,

wi th e nlarg e d v ie ws of life r e l igion , courag e constancy hu

, , ,

man i ty policy eloqu e nce love of thei r families ; with a pro u d

, , ,

and galla n t b e ar i n g fi e rc e i n war and lik e th e anci e n t s re l e n t

, , , ,
s
 8

less i n ictory Their hospitali t y migh t b e quot e d as ex ample s

v .

among th e mos t liberal o f th e present day These were no t .

wild men —these were a di fferen t class from those foun d on th e

Sandwich and F e e ge e Islands The red men of America bear
.
,

ing as they do the stron gest m arks of Asiati corigin h ave for ,

more than 2 000 yea rs (and divided as they are in u pwards of

"
300 different nations been remarkable for the ir intellectual s u

e ri o ri t y their bravery i n war their good faith in peace and all

p , , ,

the simplicity and virtues of their patriarchal fath e rs u ntil c ivili

.
,

z at i on as it i s called had ren dered them familiar wi th all th e

, ,

vices which d isti nguish the presen t era without bein g able to ,

e nforce any of the virtues which ar e th e boast of our pr e s e nt

e nlighten ed tim e s .

I t is how e ver in t he religious belief and ceremonies of th e I n

, ,

dians t hat I propose s howing some of th e evide nces of their

b e ing as i t is beli eved the descendant s of t he disp e rse d tri bes
, ,

This opinion is founded

1 s t I n their belief in one God
. .

2 d I n the computation of time by their c ere mon ie s of the

.

new moon .

3d I n th e i r divisions of the year i n four s e asons an s werin g

.
,

to the Jewish festivals of th e feast of fl o w e r s the day o f ,

atonem e nt t he fe as t of t he tab e rnacl e and othe r religiou s

, ,

holydays .

4 t h I n th e e recti o n of a templ e aft e r th e m an ne r of our

.

temple and h aving an ark of th e cov e nant and also the e rec
, ,

tion of altars .

5 t h By the d ivision of the nation into tribes with a chief or

.

grand sachem at th e ir head .

6 t h By their laws of sacrifice s abluti o ns marriages

. cere
, ,

monies i n war and p e ace the pr o hibitions of e ating certai n

,

things fully carrying out th e M osai c in s titutions —by the i r

,
 9

t r adit i o ns , , t heir lan

his tor y, c h a r act er app e a r a n c e a ffi ni t y , of

g uag e to th e Hebre w a n d finall y by t hat e

, v e rla s tin g cov e
, na nt

o f heirship ex hibit e d i n a p e rp e tual t ran s miss i o n of it s se al i n

th e ir fl e sh .

If I shall b e abl e to s at i sfy your doubt s a n d cur i os i ty o n th e s e

poin ts you will c e rt ainly rejoic e w i th m e i nd i s cov e rin g that t he
,

d isp e rs e d of th e chos e n p e opl e are not th e lost on e s — that th e

prom i s e s h e ld out t o th e m h av e be e n th u s far r e alis e d an d tha t ,

all th e prophecies r e lat iv e to th e i r futur e d es t in ation w i ll i n du e

t im e b e strictly fulfill e d .

I t ha s b ee n t he g e n e ral i mpr e ssion a s befor e m e n tione d that , ,

gr e at r e semblanc e e x ist e d betwe e n som e of th e r e ligious rit e s of

th e Je ws an d the p e culia r c e r e moni e s of th e I dia ns a n d th e
, n
belief in one great spirit has t e n ded to str e ngth e n th e impression ;
y e t th is m er e r e s e mblanc e o nly ex t e nd e d so fa r as to admi t of t he
b e li e f that th e y po s sibly may hav e d e sc e nd e d from th e d i s pe rs e d
,

tr i b e s or may hav e be e n of Tartar or Malay origin

, .

I t was how e ver a vagu e and un s atisfac tory s uspicion w hi ch

, , , ,

h avin g no ta ngibl e e videnc e ha s b ee n reject e d or th row n asid e

, ,

as a m e r e suppo s ition All th e mis s io n ar ies a n d trav e ller s amon g

.

th e I ndian tribe s sinc e th e discov e ry of A m e rica— Adair H e c k ,

w e ld e r C harli v eux M Ke nzi e Bartram B e ltrami S mith Pe nn

, ,
‘
, , , , ,

M r s S imon who h as wr i tt en a v e ry i n t e r e s tin g wor k o n t his

.
,

s ubj e ct , &c .
, h av e ex pr e s se d opin i on s in favour of th e ir b e in g of
Je wish ori gin—th e di ffi c ul ty how e v e r nd e r whic h they all
, , u

labour e d wa s simply this th e y w e r e familia r wi th th e religiou s

rit e s c e r e monies tradi tio n s and b e li e f of th e Indians bu t th e y
, , ,

w e r e no t su ffi c ien tly co n v e r s an t with th e J e w i sh rit e s and cer e

mon ie s to sho w the an alo gy I t i s pr e cis e ly th is link in th e
, .

c h ain of e vid e n ce th at I propos e to supply .

I t has be e n s aid that th e I ndian s be li e v i n g in on e gr e at Spir i t

a nd Foun tain of L i fe , like th e Jew s , doe s n ot p rov e t h ei r d es c en t
 10

from th e mi s s in g trib es b e cau se i n a savag e s tat e th e ir v e r y

,

ignoran ce an d sup e rstitio n lead th e m to confide i n th e works of

some divine superior being B ut savages are apt to be i dolater s
.
,

and perso nate the deity by some carved figure or ima ge to whom
they pay their adoration and n ot like th e I ndians having a
, ,

clear and definite ide a of on e gr e a t Rul e r of the un ive rse on e ,

great Spiri t whose attributes ar e as well known to t hem as to u s

, .

B ut if the conti nued unerrin g worship of one God l ik e the Jews

prove nothing w here did th ey acquire the same Hebre w nam e
,

and ap pellation of that d eity 2 If trad ition had not h ande d down
to them the ineffable name as also preserved by the Je ws how ,

did they acquire i t in a wild e rn e s s wh e r e the word of th e Lord

was never known
A dair in whom I r e pos e great confidence and who resided
, ,

f y years among them i n his work published i n 1 7 7 5,says

o r t , ,

The ancient heathen s worshipped a pl urality of gods bu t

"
,

these Indians pay their devoir to L o alc ( Li gh t I s h t a hoola aba

- - - -
,

distin ctly Hebrew which means the great supreme bene fic ent
,

holy Spirit of Fire who r e sid e s abov e .

They are s ays Adair utter stra ngers to all the gestur e s prac
, ,

t i s e d by the pagans i n their religious rites— they kiss no idol s

,

nor w ould they k iss th e ir hands in token s of r e v e rence or willin g

ob e dienc e .

These tribes say s Adair so far fro m b e in g Atheists us e t he

, , ,

great an d dreadful nam e of God which describes his d ivin e

essence and by which h e man ifeste d himself to M oses and ar e
,

firmly persua d ed that th ey now live u nder the immediat e

govern men t of the Almighty Ruler Their appella tive for God .

is I s t o ho olo th e Hebre w of Es h E s hys from I s ht o Great bu t

-
,
-
, , ,

they have another appellativ e which wi th th e m a s wi th us i s

, ,

the myst e riou s e ssential nam e of God which they n e v e r m e n ,

t i on in com mon sp ee ch and only wh e n p e rform i n g th eir mo s t

,
 ll

s acr e d r e ligiou s rit es and t he n th e y mo s t s ol e m nly d i v i d e i t in

,

s yllabl e s w ith int e rmediat e words s o a s n ot to pronounc e th e

, ,

i ne ffable name at onc e .

Thus in th e ir s acr e d danc es at t hei r feast

, of th e firs t -fru its ,

they sin g fi lelayah an d M es heka from th e Hebr e w of M as heach , ,

M ess iah the anoi n t e d on e

, Yo m es heha ”
He me s heha.
”
,
“
,

Wah me s hehah ,
”
thu s mak i ng th e fi llelayah, th e M es hi ah,
”
th e Yehov ah .

C an we for a momen t b e li e v e that the s e s ac re d well k n o wn

, ,

H e brew words found t heir way by acci d ent to th e wildern e ss ?

O r can i t b e doubt e d that like th e fire of the b urn in g bush wh ich
ne ver is extingu i sh e d those words of r e ligious adoration ar e th e
,

s acr e d relic s of tradition hand e d do wn to th e m fro m g e n e ration

,

to gen e ration ? I n th e sam e mann e r says Adair they sing o n , ,

c e rtai n oth e r re ligious celebrations ai lyo ai lyo wh ich is th e , ,

Hebre w el for God by hi s attribu te of omni pote nce T hey .

lik e wise sing kewah hewan H e c hy ra th e i mmortal soul

, , ,
“
.

Thos e words sun g at their religiou s rejo i cings ar e n e v e r u ttered

at any oth e r tim e which m ust hav e occasion e d th e l ess of thei r
,

d i vin e hymn s T h ey on s om e occas i ons sin g S hi lu yo— S hi lu

.

he— S hi lu wah Th e thre e terminatio ns make u p in their order

.

the four lett e red d i v i n e n am e in H e br e w S hi lu is e viden tly .

”
S haleach S hi lot h th e m e ss e ng er
, , th e p e ac e mak e r .

The n umber of H e br e w words us e d i nth e ir religiou s s e rv i c es

is i ncr e dibl e thus in ch iding any on e for l e vity durin g a solem n
,

worsh i p th e y say Che hak eet K ana you re s e mble thos e re

, ,
“

”
p rov e d i n C anaan and to conv e y th e idea o f crim i nality th e y
, ,

s ay Hacks et C anaha t he sinn e r s of C an aa n

,
“ ”
They call .

lightning eloah an d th e rumbling o f th und e r rowah from th e

, ,

”
H e br e w m ac h spiri t , .

Lik e th e Isra e li t es th ey divid e th e y e a r in to fou r se a s on s ,

w i t h th e sam e fes t i vals th e y calculat e by moo ns a n d c e le bra t e

 12

a s t he Je w s do t he berachah halebana, t he bless i ng for t he

new moo n .

Th e Indians hav e their proph e t s and high pri e sts th e sam e -

,

as th e Jews h ad ; not h astily sel e cted bu t chosen with caution ,

from the most wise and discree t an d they ordai n their high ,

priests by anoin ting and hav e a mos t holy place i nt heir s anc t u
,

aries like the Holy of Holies in the Templ e Th e A rc hi ma

, .

gus or H igh Prie s t wears in resemblance to the an cie n t breast

, ,

plate a whit e conch shell orna men ted so as to r es embl e th e

,
-

precious sto nes on th e Uri m an d instead of th e gold e n pla t e

,

worn by th e Levi te on his foreh e ad b e arin g th e inscriptio n ,

K od i s h Lad onaye the I ndian binds his brow s with a wre ath of
,

swan s feathers and wears a tuft of whi t e feathers whic h he

’
,

calls Yat i ra .

Th e Indians hav e th e ir ar k which th e y i nvar i ably c arry w ith

them t o battle well guarded I n speakin g of the I ndian plac es
.

of refuge Adair says I observ e d that if a captive tak e n by t he

, ,

reput e d pow e r of the holy things of their ark should be able to ,

make hi s e scape i nto one of these towns or e v e n into t he win t e r ,

house of the flrchi mag as he is delivered from th e fi e ry tortur e

, ,

otherwise i nev itable This when take n in conn e ction w ith

.
,

the m a ny otherfain t image s of M osaic c ustoms seem s to poin t ,

a t t he m ercy seat of the sanctuary I t is also worthy of notic e

- .
,

that they n ever place the ark on th e ground O n hilly groun d .

where larg e s ton e s are plenty they rest i t th e reon bu t on l e v e l

, ,

prairies upo n short logs where they also seat th e ms el v e s An d

, , .

when we consider continues Adair m what a surprising man

, ,

n e r the I ndians copy after th e c e r e monial law of th e Hebrews ,

and their stric t puri ty in th e war camps that opae th e lead e r ”

,
“
-

obliges all duri ng th e first campaign whic h they hav e mad e

with the b e loved ark to stand ev e ry day th e y ar e n ot e ngage d
,

in war far e from s unrise to s u nse t a n d aft er a fatigu in g day s

, ,
’
 13

ma r c h a n d s ca n t y all owanc e to drin k warm wat er e mb i tt ere d

,

w i th rattle s nak e root v e ry pl e n tifully in ord e r to purificatio n

,

t h at they have also a s strong a fa i th in th e pow e r of thei r ark

a s e ver th e I sraeli t e s had i n th e irs ascribin g th e succes s of on e
,

party to th e ir s tri cter adherenc e to t he law tha n the oth e r w e , ,

h ave strong reason to con clud e th e m of H e br e w ori gin T he .

I ndians hav e an old t r adition th at w hen t h ey left their own

,

n ativ e la nd they bro ugh t with t hem a s anct ified rod by ord e r of
,

an oracl e which they fixe d e v e ry e v e ning i n th e ground an d

, ,

w e r e to r e move from plac e to plac e on the con tin e n t towar d s

t he sun rising t i l l it budded in on e night s tim e I hav e s ee n ’
.

o th e r I ndian s s ay s th e sam e writ e r who related th e s ame thin g

, , .

I nst e ad of th e miraculous di r e ction to which the y limit i t i n ,

th e i r w e st e rn banishment i t app e ars more likely th a t they r e fe r

,

to th e anci e nt circumstanc e of the rod of Aaron which i n ,

ord e r to ch e ck th e murmur of thos e who conspired against him ,

was i n hi s favou r mad e to bud blo s soms an d yield almon ds at

one and the s am e ti me I t i s a well att es t e d fact and is h e r e
.
,

corroborat e d by Adair that in takin g femal e capt i ves th e I n

, ,

d i an s hav e oft e n prot e ct e d th e m b ut n e v er d e spoile d th e m of

,

honou r .

Thi s s tat e m e nt of Adai r i n r e lat i on to th e ark i s corroborat e d

, ,

by s e v e ral trav e ll e rs M ajo r Lon g a mor e r e c e n t travell e r i n

.
, ,

hi s ex p e dition to th e Rock y Mountain s say s i n r e latio n to th e

, ,

ar k I t is plac e d upon a stand and is n e ve r s u ffer e d to touc h

, ,

th e e arth No p e rson dar e op e n all th e cov e ring s Tradition

. .

i nforms them that c uros i t y i nduc e d thr ee differen t per so n s t o

e x amin e th e myst e riou s shell who w e r e i mm e diately punishe d
,

”
for th e i r profanation by in s tan t blindness This is the Jewish
.

pun ishm e n t pronounced for looking o nth e holy of holies —e v e n

n ow for lookin g o n the d e sc e ndants of th e hig h pri es t who
alo ne h av e t h e pr i v il e g e of ble ssing t he peopl e .
 14

The most s acre d fast day un iformly k ept by th e J ews is th e

d ay of Atonement usually falling in the month of Septembe r
,

or early i n October This is deemed in every part of the world

.

a most solemn fast and great preparations are made for i ts cele
,

bration I t is in t he nature of expiation of sin o f full confessio n

. , ,

penitence an d prayer ; and is preceded by ablution an d pr e

ara t i o n of morning prayer for some tim e
p .

I t i s a very sacred fast which lasts from s uns e t on on e day

'

until the ne w moon is s e e n on the succeeding evenin g I t is .

not i n the nature of a gloomy desponding pen anc e but rath e r a ,

d ay of solemn rejoicing of hope an d confiden ce and is respec te d

, ,

by those most indi fferen t to all other festivals throughout th e

y ear.

Precisely such a fast with similar moti v es and nearly at th e

, ,

same period of the year is kept by the I ndian natives generally

, .

Adair aft er stating th e strict ma nner in which the Indians

,

observe the revolutions of the moon and describin g t he feast of

,

the harvest and the first o fferings of the fruits gives a long ao
, ,

coun t of the preparations in putting their te m ple in proper

ord e r for the gre at day of atonement which he fixes at t he,

time when th e corn is full eared and ripe generall y in the latt er
,

e n d of September He then proc e eds

.

Now on e of th e waiters proclaim s with a loud voice for all ,

t he warriors and belov e d m e n whom th e purity of their law a d

mits to com e an d e n t e r th e beloved square and observ e th e

, ,

fast H e also exhort s the wom e n and children with thos e

.
,

who h av e not b e en initiat e d in war to keep apart accordin g

, ,

to th e law .

Four c e ntinels ar e now placed on e at each corner of th e

holy square to keep ou t ev e ry living cr e ature as impure exc e pt
, ,

th e religious ord e r and the warriors who are not known to hav e
,
‘

violat e d th e law of t he fi r st fruit offe ring and t hat of marriage

-
, ,
 15

s i n c e t he la s t ye ar s ex p i ation T hey ob ser v e t he fa s t t il l t he

’
.

r i sing of th e s e con d sun ; and b e th e y ev e r s o hun gry i n th e

s acr e d int e rval the heal thy warrior s d e em the duty s o aw ful
, ,

and disobedien c e so i nexpr e ssibly vicious that no tempt ation ,

w o uld induc e them to violat e it Th e y at th e sam e tim e drin k

.

plen tifully of a d e c o t i o n of the b utton snak e r oot in order to ,

vomi t an d cleanse their sin ful bodie s .

I n the gen e ral fast the childre n and me n of w e ak c o ns t i t u

,

tions are allow e d to e at as soo n a s they ar e certai n that th e

'

, ,

su n h as begun to declin e fro m his meridian al titude .

Now e v e ry th in g is hushed Nothin g but sil e n c e all around

. .

The great b e loved man and his b e loved waiter rising u p w it h

, ,

a rever e nd carriage stead y coun t e nanc e and co mpose d beh a

,

v i our go i nto th e beloved place

, or holiest to bring th e m out
, , .

th e beloved fir e The form e r tak es a pie c e of dry poplar willo w

.
, ,

o r white oak and havin g cut a hole but not so d e e p a s to reach

, ,

through i t h e th e n sharpen s a nother pi e ce and placin g that i n ,

the hol e and both b e tw e e n his k ne e s h e drill s i t briskly fo r

, ,

s e ver al minut es till i t b e gins to smoke — o r by rubbin g tw o

,

pei c e s tog e th er for a quart e r of an hour h e coll e cts by frictio n ,

th e hidde n fire wh ic h they all consider as proc e eding from th e

,

holy spirit of fire .

The gr e a t beloved man or high pri e s t addr es s es th e wa r

, ,

riors an d wom e n givi ng all the particular positiv e i nj unc tion s ,

and n e gativ e pr e cept s th e y y e t r e tain of th e anci e n t law He .

us es v e ry shar p la nguag e to th e wom e n H e then addre s s es .

th e whole multi t ude H e e num e rat e s th e crim e s they hav e

.

committe d great and s mall and bids th e m loo k a t the holy fire
, ,

which has forgiv e n them H e pr e s ses o n h i s audi e nc e by th e

.
,

gre at motiv es of t e m poral good and the fear of temporal e vil ,

th e n e c e ss i ty of a ca re ful observanc e o f th e anci e n t law a ss u ,

ri ng t he m t h a t t he holy fire w i ll en abl e t heir p rop he t s t he r ai n ,

 16

ma ke r s to procur e th e m pl e ntiful h a r v es t s a n d gi v e t heir war

, ,

leade r s victory over their enemi e s H e t he n order s s om e of th e

.

fire to b e laid down outside of th e holy grou nd for all th e house s ,

of the vario us associat e d to wns which sometimes lay s e v e ral

,

m iles apart ”
.

Mr Bartram who visited t he south e rn I ndians i n 1 7 7 8

.
, ,

gives an acco unt o f the same feast but i n another nation H e , .

says that the feast of first fruits is th e principal festival Thi s

, .

seems t o en d th e old and begin the ne w e cclesiastical ye ar I t .

commen ces when their new crop s are arriv e d to maturity Thi s
'

”
i s their most solemn celebration .

With respect to the sacrific e s w e hav e had non e sinc e th e

,

destruction of th e t e mple but it w as customary amon g th e

,

Jews i n th e olde n time to sacr i fice daily a part o f a lamb

, , .

3
This ceremony is strictly observe d by the Indians Th e hun .

t e r wh en leaving his W igwam for t he chase puts up a prayer , ,

that the gr e at S pirit will ai d his end e avours to proc ur e food fo r

his wife an d childre n and when h e returns wit h th e r e d d ee r
, , ,

whatev e r m ay be th e c ravin gs of hunger h e allows non e to ,

tast e until he has cut part of the flesh which h e throw s in t he ,

fir e a s a sac rifice accompanied with pray e r A ll trav e ller s

, .

s p e ak of this practic e among th e Indians so cl e arly H e br e w i n ,

its origin .

The bathings anoi nt i ngs ablutions i n th e cold e st weath e r

, , , ,

ar e nev e r negl e cte d by the I ndians and lik e the J ews of old , , ,

they anoin t thems e lves with bear s o il ’

.

T he Mosaic prohibition of e ating un clea n an imals an d their ,

e n umer a tion are known to you all I t would be suppos e d that

,
.
,

amidst the unc e rtainty of a n I ndian life all kinds of food would ,

b e e qually acceptable Not so : for in strict conformity with

.

the M o s aic law th e y abstai n from e atin g the blood of any ani
,

mal th e y abomi n at e s w ine fl esh t he y do n ot e at fish w i thout

, ,
 18

th e m i ssi ng trib es s ay s i n a l e tt er to his fri e nd s i n E ngland

, , ,

“
I found th e m with lik e countenance s to th e H e br e w race .

I consider these people u nder a dark night y e t they believe i n ,

Go d and immorta lity withou t the a id of m e taphysics They

,
.

reckon by moons they o ffer their first ripe fruits they have a kind
, ,

of feast of tab e rnacles they ar e said to lay their altars wit h

,

twelve stones the y mourn a y e ar and obs e rv e th e M o s ai c

, ,

”
law with regard to s e parat ion .

Emanuel d e M oraez in his history of Brazil d e clares that

'

, ,

America has be e n peopled by th e C art hageni ans and I s ra e lit es ,

and as to the Israelites he says nothin g i s wanting bu t c ircum

, ,

c i s i o n to constitute a p e rfec t r ese mblanc e b e tw ee n th e m an d

,

the Brazilians .

Th e Re v Mr B e atty a v e ry wor thy missionary says

. .
, I , ,
“

h ave oft en before hinted that I hav e tak e n great pains to searc h
,

int o the usages and c ustom s of th e I ndians i n order to see wha t ,

ground ther e was fo r supposin g th e m to be part of the te n tribes ,

and I must own to my no small surprise that a number of their

, ,

customs appear so much to res e mble thos e of the Jews that i t ,

is a great question with me whether we c a n e xp e ct to find ,

amon g the ten tribes wh e rev e r they ar e at this day all things ,

considered more of th e footsteps of th e ir ancestor s than among

,

t he di f ”
fer e n t I ndian tribes .

Monsieur de Guign e s an old Fr e nch historian in sp e ak i n g of

, ,

th e discoveries m ade in America befo re the time of Columbus , ,

says ,
“
These researches which of t hemselves giv e us gr e at
, ,

insight into the origin of the Americans lead to th e de t e rmina ,

tion of t h e route o f t he colonies s e nt to the continent and h e

proc e eds to give reasons for hi s belief that the great e r par t of ,

them passed thith e r by t he most ea s tern e x tr e miti es of A s ia ,

wh e r e the two con ti nents are on ly separat e d by a n arrow strai t ,

”
easy to cro s s .
 19

B e ltrami , in his discov e ry of th e s o urc es of th e Mi s sissipp i ,

aft e r a full an d in t e r e stin g accou n t of the Indian s say s , , Dif

fe re nt authors hav e brought t h e m h ith e r from all part s of th e
world . I w e s at fir s t induc e d to join w i th thos e who d e riv e d
th e m from th e Hebr e w s I t s e em e d i mpo ss ible fo r m e to doubt
.
,

that by so doing I should be bui ldin g on an im pr e gn abl e fo un

,

dation H e th e n proc ee ds to prov e their As i atic origi n by

.
”

many interestin g facts .

T he lat e Earl of C rawford and L i nd s ay publi s h e d hi s travel s ,

”
i n America in 1 801 I t is curiou s and pl e asing s ays h e i n
, .
, ,
“

r e ading t he travels of tho se who h ave be e n amon g th ese p e ople ,

t o find ho w th e i r customs compo r t wit h t he laws o f Mose s

and after d es cribing at l e ngth th e ir religiou s rit es and c e r e

mon ies his lordship e mph atically ohs erv e s I t is a sound truth
, ,
“
,

that the I ndian s are d e sc en d e d from th e t e n trib es ; and tim e

and inv e stigatio n w i ll mor e an d mor e e n forc e its acknowl e dg e
”
m e nt .

'

I t is how e v e r in M e xi co and Pe ru that w e must look for

, , ,

th e mo s t e nlight e n e d and th e most w e althy of t he Indian rac e .

On th e r e pr ese ntations of M ont es i ni who trav e ll e d i n So ut h ,

Americ a th e l e arn e d Rabbi M enas s ah Ben Isra e l as I h av e

, ,

sa i d befor e wrot e his famou s work La Esperanza d e I s rael

, ,

wh i c h he publish e d in Am s terdam i n 1 6 50 e nd e avour i ng w i th

, ,

gre at ze al to prove that th e I ndians in North and South Am e ri

,

ca w ere th e d e sc e nda n t s of the missi n g trib es an d C romw e ll

to whom th e wor k wa s d e dicated was gr e atly in t e r e st e d in th e
,

evid e nc e s produc e d on t hat occasion M o nt e s i ni trav e lli ng .

,

throug h the provinc e of Quif foun d that his I ndian g uide wa s

,

a Jew and pur s uin g hi s i nquiri es discover e d that i mm e n se

, ,

n um bers lived behind th e C ordill e ras Fra n ci s the n am e o f .

,

his g uid e admitt e d to M o nt e s i ni that hi s God was called fld onai

, , ,

an d t hat he ac k nowl e dg ed A br aham I saac a n d J aco b a s his ,

 20

an c es tor s and th e y claimed to h av e d e sc e nde d from th e tr i b e of

,

R euben .

Acosta contends t ha t they hav e a tradition relativ e to th e

,

deluge that they preserve t he rite of circumcision they o ffer

th e firs t fruits and i n P er u they e at the Paschal Lamb they
-
,

be lieve in t he resurrection and clothe the d e ad with th e rich e s t

,

e quipage Lopez de Gomara says that som e of them an d n

. ot , ,

all are circumcised Acosta continu e s the Mexicans poin t

,
.
,
“

out t he v ar i ous station s as t heir ancestors advance d in to their

country and i t is pr e cisely th e rou t e which th e y mu s t hav e
,

”
hel d had they b ee n emigran ts from Asia
,
.

M e nas s ah Ben Israel declar e s t hat th e I ndians of Me x i co

,

had a tradition that their mag nific e nt plac e of worsh i p had bee n
,

built by a people who wore their beards and were more ancien t ,

than their Incas I n the univ e rsal history of 1 7 48 it is a ffirme d

.
, ,

th at t he Mexicans and othe r American I ndians ren d their g ar

men ts in order the more e ffectually to e xpress grief— the Hebr e w
,

custom at this d ay .

Lop e z d e Gomara stat e s that th e Mexicans offer sacrific es of

,

th e firs t fruits an d when Cortez approache d Mexico Mon t e

-
, ,

zuma shu t hi mself up for the space of e ight days in fasting and
pray e r Eman uel d e Moreas and Acosta say that the Bra
.
,

z i l i ans marry in their own trib es and families and Es c orbat us

af fi rms that he frequently heard the southern trib e s rep e at th e
,

sacr e d notes Ha le la yah Malvenda states th at s e veral tomb

- - - .
,

s tones w e r e found i h S t Michaels with an ci e nt Hebr e w cha r

.
,

a c t e rs .

Wh e n the Spaniards invaded M ex ico th e C holula was con ,

s i d e re d a holy city by th e n atives with m agnific e n t temple s i n

, ,

which the High Pri e st Q ue t z ac ol t preached p e ace to man and

-
,

would p e rmit n o other o ffe r i ngs to th e Master of Life than th e ,

firs t fruits o f t he harv e st

- We know by our trad i tio ns ” s aid
.
,
 21

th e ven e rable P rince Mon t e zuma to th e Spanish G ener al , ,

Cort e z that w e wh o i nh abi t this country are not th e nativ es

,
“
,

bu t stran ger s who com e from a gr e at di s tanc e .

”

D onAlonzo Erec e lla in h is history of Chili s ays th e A ra uca

, , ,

ni ans acknowledg e on e S upr e m e B ein g, and beli e ve i n the i m

mortality of th e soul ; and th e Abbe C lav i gero declar e s t ha t ,

they hav e a tradit i on of th e gr e at delu ge The laws an d c e r e .

monies of the Per uvians and Me xicans hav e n o doubt been cor , ,

rupt e d i n th e cours e of many age s both in th e ir sacri fic es and ,

worship .

Th e ir gr e at a n d magn ificen t t e mple e vid e n tly i n imitation of ,

that e r e c t ed by Solomon wa s foun d e d by Man go C apac or

, ,

rather by th e I nca Yu panq ue who endow e d i t with gr e at ,

wealth . C lav ag e ro and D e "e ga in th e ir v e ry in terestin g ac

coun t of thi s t e mpl e say what we call e d th e altar was on

“
, ,

th e east sid e of th e t e mpl e Th e r e w e re many doors to th e

.

t e mple all of which w e r e plat e d with gold an d th e four walls

, ,

th e whole way round w e r e crown e d w i th a rich golde n garlan d

, ,

mor e than an e ll i n width Round t he t e m pl e w e r e fiv e s quar e

.

pavilions whose top s w e r e i n the form of pyram i ds T he fifth

, .

wa s lin e d e ntir e ly with gold and was for the us e of the Royal
,

High P riest of s acrific e s and i n which all th e d e liberat i ons

-
,

c onc e rni ng th e t e mpl e w e r e h e ld Som e of th e door s l e d to th e

.

s chools wh e r e th e In cas list e n to th e d e bat es of th e philos o

phers , som e tim e s t h e m se lv es ex plain i n g th e law s a n d ord i
”
nanc e s .

Me xico and C e ntral Am e r i ca abou n d i n curio s iti es exe mpl i fy ,

in g th e fac t o f th e Asia ti c o rigin of th e inhab i tants and i t i s ,

not many y e ars ago th at th e ruin s of a whol e ci ty w ith a wall

, ,

n e arly sev e n mil e s i n circum fe r e nce w i th castle s palac e s an d

, , ,

t e m pl e s e vid e ntly of H e br e w or P h oenician arch it e ctu re wa s

, ,

found o n t he r i ver P al e nqu e The 3 5 th n umbe r of t he

.
 22

Fo re ig n Q ua r t e rly R e view contain s a n int eres ti n g accou n t of

thos e antiquiti e s .

The ruins of thi s city ne ar G uat e mala i n C en tral Am e rica , ,

as describ e d by D el Rio in 1 7 82 wh e n ta k en in conj un ction ,

with the e x t raord i nary l may say wonderful antiquities spr e ad

, ,

over th e e ntir e surfac e of that country awaken recollecti ons in ,

the spe cim e ns of archite ctur e which carry us back to th e early

,

pages of hi s tory an d prov e beyon d th e shado w of doubt that

, ,

we who imagined o urs elv e s gt a be the n ativ e s of a ne w world

/
,

but r e c e ntly disc o vered inhabit a con tinen t which rivall e d th e

,
.

splendor of Egypt and Syria an d was people d by a powerful ,

and highly cultivated natio n from th e old world W h e n we .

speak of what is call e d Me x ican an tiqu ities we m ust not con ,

found th e rude labours of mod e rn times w ith th e sple ndid p e r ,

fe c t i ons which distinguish e d th e e fforts of thos e who reared t he

Egyp t ian pyramids and built the templ e s of Th e b e s an d Mem

,

phis . I t is not Mexican antiquiti e s bu t th e antiquiti e s of ,

T ul t e c an and in addi tion to the ruins of P al e nqu e on this our ,

con tinent th e re ar e pyramid s larger than t hos e of S achara

,

i n Egyp t at C holula O tamba Pax ac a M i t l an T las c ol a and

, , , , ,

o n the mountains of T e s c oc a tog e ther with hi e roglyphic s

, ,

planisph e r e s and zodiacs a symbolic and P hon e tic alphab e t

,

papyrus m e top e s triglyphs and te mples an d building s of

, , ,

i mmens e grandeur ; mi litary roads aqu e duc t s v iad ucts post , , ,

ing stations and distances bridges of gr e at grandeur and

massive ch aracter all presenting th e most positiv e evidences
,

of th e e xist e nce of a pow e rful ent e rprising nation which m ust ,

h ave flourish e d two thousan d years b e fore th e Span ish Con

quest Take for e xample the de s cription of th e templ e at
.
, ,

P ale n qu e which Lord K ingsborough in hi s trav e ls not only

, , ,

d e clar e s was built by Jews and i s a copy of Solomon st e mpl e

,
’
,

bu t wh i ch n o doubt i s pr e cis e ly th e mod e l of t he t e mpl e d e

, ,
 23

sc ribed by E ze k ie l . T rav e ll e r s spe ak of i t in th e following

t e rm s
may b e appropr i ately c all e d a n e ccl e siastical city rather
It ,

than a tem pl e W ithin it s vast pr e cincts th e r e appear to b e

.
,

c o ntain e d (a s i ndee d was i n som e m e asur e the case w i th the

, , ,

ar e a that e mbraced th e various buildin gs of Solomon s tem ’

, "
pl e a pyramidal tower var i ous sanctuari e s sepulchres ; a, ,

s ma ll and a larg e quadrangul ar court on e surrounded as we ,

h av e said by cloisters ; subterran e a nin i tiatory galleries beneath ;

,

oracles courts of j ustice high plac e s an d cells or dw ellings

, , ,

for th e various ord e rs of priests Th e whole combi nation of .

th e bu i ldings is encircl e d by a quad rilateral pil ast e r e d portico ,

e mbracin g a quadran gular area and resti ng on a terrac e d plat ,

form This platfor m exhibit s th e sam e architectural mo d e l

.
,

wh ich we hav e d e scrib e d as c harac t e rrzmg the singl e templ e s .

I t i s com pos e d of thre e graduat e d stucco e d terraces slopin g ln ,

w ards at an a ngl e of about s e v e n t y d e grees in th e form of a

, ,

tru nca t e d pyramid Four c e n tral s taircases (on e facing each

.
,

"
of th e cardi nal poin ts asc e n d th ese t e rraces i n th e m iddl e of
,

e ach lat e ral fa ca d e of th e quadran gle an d four gat e s fron ting

th e sam e cardin al po ints conduct from the top of e ach stair
,

ca se into th e body o f th e buildin g or i nto the gr e at court Th e , .

gr e at e n tranc e t hrough a pila s t e r e d gateway fron t s the e ast

, , ,

and d es c e n ds by a se cond fligh t of st e ps in to th e cloi s t e r

e d court O n t he variou s pilast e rs of th e u pper t e rrace are
.

th e m e t op e s w i th sin gular sculpture s O n de s c e ndin g th e

, .

s e cond s tairca se i nto th e clo i s t e red cour t on on e sid e a ppe ars , ,

th e triple pyramidal towe r which may be infe rr e d from th e , ,

curious distri bution of littl e c e lls wh ich surround th e c e n tral

room of e ach story to h av e be e n e mpl oyed as a place of roy a l
,

or private sepulture I t would be pronoun ced a striking an d

.

t asteful s t ruc tur e ac c ord in g t o a n r hi t t ur l rul e On

, y a c e c a .
 24

an other s ide of t he sam e cloister e d court is th e detach e d t e m ,

pl e of the chief god to whom the whol e religious building ap

,

pears to hav e been devoted who appears to hav ebeen the great ,

an d only God of the nations who worshipped i n this t e m

ple Ben e ath the cloisters e nt e red by staircases from above

.
, ,

ar e what we believe to be the initiatory galleries These .

open e d into rooms one of which has a stone couch i n i t and

, ,

others are distinguish e d by unintelligible apparatus carved in

stone . The only symbol described as fou nd within these
sacred hau nts is howe v e r perfectly Asiatic an d perfe ctly i n
, ,

t e lli g i ble ; we mean two con tendin g se rpents The remn an t .

of a n altar or high place occupi e s th e centre of the cloistered

, ,

quadran gle Th e r e st of the edific e is taken up with courts

.
,
'

palaces detached temples open divans baths an d s t ree t s o f

, , , ,

priestly cells or houses in a great e r or less degre e of dilapida

, ,

”
tion .
i“ i f
I t is perfectly cle ar from the few re cords of their
reli g ious rites which hav e come down to us and w hich are
, ,

p rincipally derive d fro m the extraordinary rolls of American

"
papyrus on which their beautiful hieroglyphical system is
f
,

preserved (t here is one of considerable extent in the Dresde n

,

, "
museum that they were as simple perhaps we may add with ,

proprie ty as innoce nt Not only does i t appear that they had

, .

no human sacrifices b ut no animal sacrifices whatever Flowers

, .

and fruits were the o nly offerings mad e to th e presid ing divinity
”
of their temples .

B ut who were t he T ul t e q uans and A ze t eq ue s th e founders

, ,

o f this empire in America ; who built th e pyramids of C holula

and city of Palenqu e "N ot t he J ews ’
.

H e r e we hav e a most singular diversion from the path ,

on w hi c h w e or i gi nally s e t ou t—another ex traordinary dis

Formed of t he pre pa re d fi bre s o f t he M agnery .

 26

p e opl e in a d e mi sav age state wi t h Je wish traditions and the

-
, ,

only reference to e arly times was a vague impr e ssion that the ,

rui ns they saw were buil t by gian ts and a people calle d wan ,

dering masons .

I have the most settled conv ic tion of this th e ory The mag .

ni fic e nt ruins which are to be seen at this day in Mexico and

C entral America were the works of the t
,
ni c i ans an d the ,

irruption of the wand ering tribes from the north west coast of
- -

America swept that natio n away and have e v e r since main

, ,

t ai ned possession of this coun try u ntil whit e m e n have t hinne d

,

their ran ks an d grad ually encroach e d upon and usurp e d a

, ,

great part of their terr itory .

The only opposition mad e to th e gen e ral declaration of tra

vellers that the I ndians are of Jewish d e sc e nt is that they are
, , ,

red men an d are beardless Now take the olive complexion

, .
,

o f th e Jews in Syria pass t he n ation over t he E up hrates in to

,

a warmer climate le t them min gle wi th Tartars a nd Ch inese

, ,

and after several generation s reach this continen t their com ,

plex i o n would undergo some shades of hue and colour an d as

to beards they cannot gr o w while they a re continually plu cke d ,

as is the Indian custom The colour proves nothin g against

.

their origin ; Take our fellow ci tizens on ou r eastern borders -

,

a nd compare their florid colour w ith t he sickly h ue an d sallow

comple xi o ns o f those li v in g on the southern s hores in th e ,

pal mettoes and ev e rglades and we shall see a marked d i s t i nc

,

t ion and ye t they are members of t he same family

, .

D u Pratz speakin g of th e traditions of the Natches tribe

, ,

relates that ,
i n answe r to the qu e stion when ce come you 2 ”
,

their reply was All that we know is that our fathers to come
, ,

h ither followed the s un and came fro m the place wher e he

, ,

rises They were long in their journey they were n e arly perish
.
,

ing and were brought to this wil d e rn e ss of th e sun se ttin g

,
 27

”
witho ut seeking it S o uard says of the I ndians of S urinam
. ,

on t he authority of Nasci a learne d Je w r e sidin g there th at th e

, ,

d ial e ct of those In di ans common in Gu i nana i s soft agr e eable ,

an d regular and the ir s ubstanti ves are Hebrew Their lan

,
.

g uag e in the roots idioms and particular constr uction has th e

, , , ,

gen ius of t he Hebrew l anguage as th e ir orations have the bold , ,

”
lacon ic a nd figurative style of th e Hebre w proph e ts .

The Rev Mr C hapma n says of the Osag e s i t i s th e i r un i

. .
,
“

v e rsal prac tice to salute th e dawn of e v er

y mo rni ng with th e ir
'

de votion .
”
A custom al ways pr e vailing amon g piou s J e ws .

M alve nda an d Acosta both afl

i rm that the n ativ e s had a tra ,

dition of a j ubilee according to the j ubilee of Israel

,
.

D r Beatty in sp e akin g of th e fe stival of th e fi rs t fru i ts by th e

.
,
-

I ndians wes t of th e O hio s ays at thi s ceremo ny t welv e of their

, ,

old me n divid e a d ee r into tw e lv e parts a nd these men ho l d up ,

th e venison an d fruits with their faces to the e ast ac k nowle d g ,

ing th e boun ty of G o d to th e m A singular an d close i mi tatio n .

”
of the ce r e mon i e s an d s acrifices of th e t e m pl e The doctor .

furth e r says ,
“
th e y ha v e anoth e r fe ast wh ich look s li ke th e
”
P assover .

Sir Al e xand e r M ac K e nzi e in his tour to th e north west coas t ,

-
,

says that the C he pe wy an I ndians h ave a tradi tion amon g

,

them th at th e y ori ginally cam e from a n oth e r country inhabited

, ,

by ve ry wicked p e opl e and h ad trav e rsed a gre at lake w hic h

,

was i n on e plac e narro wan d shallow an d ful l of isla nds wh e re , ,

they had suffere d gr e at mis e ry ; and a furth e r tradition has i t

that n in e par t s of th e ir nation out of t e n passed over th e rive r , .

The Mexicans a ffi rm that sev e n tribes or hous e s pass e d from

,

”
the e ast to th e wildernes s .

Beltrami says that th e skele ton s of th e m ammoths foun d

,

in Ke ntucky an d M issouri a nd oth e r pa rts o f Am e rica hav e , ,

be e n asc e rtain e d to res e mble precisely th o s e which have b e en

 28

fou nd in S ib e r i a and th e e astern part of Asi a showi n g th e ,

facility of com munication betw e e n th e two coasts And her e it .

may be well to state a fact which i s strongly corroborative of

,

the vie w we have t ake n not o nly of the possibi lity o f passi ng
,

from on e c o n tinen t to the o t her but of the act ua l and probably

,

constant communication b e tween them Charlevoix says h e .

, ,

knew a C atholic priest called Fa ther G rillon in C anada who

, , ,

was r e calle d to Pari s after his mission had b e en en ded and who ,

was subsequently appoin ted to a similar mi ssion in Chin a .

One day in Tartary h e s udd e nly en countered a H uro n woman

,

w ith whom h e had be e n well acquaint e d in C anada and wh o ,

informe d hi m that she had been captured and passed from ,

n a t ion t o n ation until she r e ached th e north w e st coast whe n

,
-
,

she crossed into Tartary .

S ince delivering the pr e s e n t l e ctur e I h av e r e ce i ved a le tt e r

,

fro m Mr Catlin t he celebrat e d painter who for th e last fiv e

.
, ,

y e ars has b e en r e sidin g amon g t he I ndians Mr C atlin s ays . .

,

The first thin g th at strikes th e travell e r in an Indian coun try

as e vidence of their bein g o f Jewish origin (and it is c e rtainly ,

"
a v e ry forcible one i s th e striking res e mblance which they gen
,

e rally bear i n contour an d expr e s sion of head to those peopl e

, , .

I n their modes and customs t here are many striki ng resem

,

blanc e s and p e rhaps as proof th e y go much further t han mer e

, ,

pe rsonal resemblan c e Amon gst those c ustoms I shall me n tion

.
,

sev e ral that h ave attr acted my attention though probably th e y ,

have n e v e r be fore been used for th e same purpose and other s I

may name which are familiar t o you an d which it may n ot b e
, ,

amiss to m e ntion as I h av e se e n th e m practis e d whil e in th ei r

,

country .

Th e un i v e r s al custom amon g them of burying thei r d e ad

with fee t to th e e ast I could con c e iv e to hav e no oth e r m e anin g
,
 29

o r obj e c t than a j ourne y to the e a s t aft er death —lik e th e Je w s ,

who ex p e ct e d to travel und e r grou nd aft e r death to th e lan d of

C a naan O n inquiry I foun d that though they were all going
.
,

towar d s the setting s un durin g their l ife times they e x ,

’
,

e c t e d to travel to th e east aft er death

p .

Amongst t he tri bes th e wom e n ar e n ot allowed to en ter th e

,

m e dicine lodge As they were n ot allow e d i n Jude a to en te r

.

the cour t of Isra e l Like the J e wish custom also th e y are not
.
,

allow e d to mingl e in worship wit h the m e n an d at meal s a r e , ,

always separated .

I n their mod e s fastin gs fe astin gs or sacrifices they hav e

, , , ,

also a mos t striking r e s e mblanc e Amon gst all the western .

trib e s who h ave no t b ee n persuad e d from those forms by whit e

,

m e n the y are s till found scrupulously and religiously adherin g

,

to and practising them to the letter The v e ry ma ny tim e s

,
.

and modes of sacrificin g re min d us forcibly of th e customs of

,

th e Israelites an d t he on e i n particular which has been s ee n ,

amon gst sev e ral of the tribes t houg h I d id not w itn e ss i t myself
, ,

wh e r e in like th e mann e r of the p e ac e o fferin g th e firs t li ng

,
‘
-
’
,

and that of th e male i s o ffer e d and no bone i s t o be brok en ,

‘
.
’

S uch circum s tanc es a fford th e stron g e st kind of proofs All .

t he trib es have a gr e at feast a t th e d awn of spring and a t th os e ,

fe asts th e ir various sacri fices ar e mad e A t the approach of .

th e s e ason of gr e en c om a fea s t of the fir s t e ars are sacrificed

, ,

w ith gr e at sol e mnity followe d by feastin g and dancin g : so at

,

th e rip e ning of di ffe r e n t kinds of fruit Th e firs t and best pie c e .

that i s c ut from a bu ffal o is always D eo D ant e .

“
O v e r the m e dicin e l o dge and also over th e lodges of the
,

most disting uished chi e fs ar e hun g on high poles large quan

,

titi e s of fine cloth w hite bu ffalo ro be s or othe r most costly a rt i

, ,

cl e s wh i ch ca n be proc ure d th e r e to d e cay an o ffer i ng to th e

, ,

Gre at S pi ri t .
 30

Th e bunch of willo w bo ughs w i th which each da ncer i s

supplied in the Mandan religious cer e monies the sacrificing and
, ,

other forms therei n observed certainly r e nd e r i t somewhat ana

,

lago ns to the Israelitis h feast of tabernacles .

“
The universal pract i ce of s olus ca m s ola o f the women ‘ ’
,

abl utio n and anointin g with bear s gre ase is strikin gly similar ’
,

to t he Jewish custom E very family h as a small lodge expressly

.

for this purpose and when any one o f the family are ready for
,

it it is erected within a few rods an d me at is carri ed to he r

, , ,

where she d wells an d cooks and eats by herself an obj ec t of

, ,

superstitio us dread to every pers o n i n the village .

The absence of every species of idolatry amon gst the Nor t h

Ameri can Indians a ffords also a striking proof of the ceremonial
,

l aw and stamps them at on ce in one respect at all even ts di ffer

, , , ,

ing from all other savag e tribes of whic h we have any knowledge .

What are l may ask the charact e rs of these people O n th e

, ,

d iscovery of America by C olu mbus nearly 2 000 years afte r t he ,

dispe rsio n of the Heb rew tribes t he whole con tine nt is found ,

peopled not with a race of wild men of cannibals of savages

, , , ,

but wit h a race of int e llectual moral innoce n t persons d ivide d, , ,

i n to many hundred nations an d spread over 8000 miles of ter ri

,

”
tory I swear to yo ur majesties said C olumbus wri t in g to F e r
.
“
, ,

d i nand an d Isabella that there is not a better people i n th e

,
“

world than th e se m ore affectionate or mild They lo v e th e ir .

n e ighbours as themselves ; t heir lang uage is the swe e test the ,

softest an d t he m os t cheerful for they always sp e ak smilingly

Q
,
”
.

M ajor Long says they are the g e nuine sons of nature ; th e y

,
“

hav e all th e virtu e s nature can give withou t t he vic e s of ci v ili ,

z at i on They ar e artless fearless and liv e in constant e x e rcise

.
, ,

”
o f moral and christian virtues though they know i t not , .

C harl e voi x gi ves his testimony in their behalf .

 31

”
m anifest ,
says h e ,
“
much stability in their eng ag e men ts , a
p
t i e nc e i n a ffl iction and submissive acqui e scenc e in what th e y
,

apprehen d th e will of Pr ovide nce I n all this they display a .

,

nobleness of soul and con stancy of mind at which we rarely ,

”
arri ve w ith all our ph ilosophy and r e lig i on
, .

D u P ratz con t e nds that t hey have a gr e at e r degree of pru

,

dence faithfulness an d generosity than those who would be

, ,

”
o ffe nded wi th a comp arison with them No people says h e .
, ,

are m ore hospitable and free .

Bartram who live d m any years in th e C reek n ation sa y s

, , ,

J oy con t e ntme nt love an d friendship wi thou t gu ile or affe c

, ,

t at i on s ee m inhere nt i n them or predominan t i n th e ir vital prin

, ,

”
ci p le for i t l e a ves the m bu t with the i r bre ath
,
They are says .
,

h e j ust honest libe ral an d hospitable to strangers ; consid e

,
“
, ,

rate and affectionate to their w ives childr e n an d rel ations ; ,

”
frugal and perseverin g charitable and forb e arin g , .

Who are t hey M e n do no t grow up like stones or trees or

rocks ; they ar e not foun d i n herds lik e w ild an imals God .

t hat m a d e man i n his own imag e gave to th e Indians an origin ,

a nd paren tage like un to th e rest of th e great family o fm anki n

, d ,

th e work of his own almigh t y h and From whom t hen d i d .

our red brethren the ri g htful owners o f this con tinen t desc e nd
, ,

There seems to b e n o di ffere nce of opinion that they are of

Asiatic origin an d not i ndigenous to ou r soil Nearly all wri
, .

ters and h istorians conc ur o n this poin t— they are Asiatic — they
crossed to the continen t of America from Asia ; b ut who are
they a nd from whom have they descended
,

Eld ad who wrote learnedly of the twelve tribes in 1 300

, , ,

contends that the tribe of Da n wen t int o E thi o pi a and pre tends
, ,

that the tri bes of N a phtali G ad a nd Ashe r followe d Tha t, .

th e y had a king o f th e ir own a nd could mus te r l 20 000 horse

, ,

an d foo t I n rela t ion t o par t o f t h e s e three trib e s

. .

,
 32

ther e might hav e b ee n some trut h in i t for T i gle t h Peli es er did ,

compel the m to go i nto E thiopia Issachar h e con tends re .

, ,

mained with the Medes and Persia ns " ebulon exten de d from .

the moun tains of Pharan to t he E uphrates R e uben dwel t .

beh ind Pharan an d spoke Ara bi c E phraim and half M a

,
.

n asseh were throw n on the southern coast Benj amin of T u .

dela places Dan Asher Naphtali and "

,
ebulo n on the banks
,

of the river Gozan I n t he midst of all these con tradic tory and
.

vague statements two opinions prevail amon g Je ws an d Chris

,

tians in early an d i n late periods One is that the ten tribes

, .
,

w e n t into Tartary where they remain e d ; the other that fro m

, ,

Tartary t hey penetrated into America .

Manasse h Be n Israel the most learned of the n ation declares

, ,

that they pass e d in to America Le s c arbo t beli e ves tha t the

.
,

Indians are t he posterity of Ham expe lle d by Joshua and wh o

, ,

passed o u t o f the Mediterranean and were drive nby storms to the

,

Americ an coast Grotius contends that the inhabitan ts ofth e new

.
,

world we re originally from Greenland ; an d while B as nage frank

ly admits that man ifest tracts of Judais m ar e to be foun d in
,

America he contends that t he tribes could not hav e overcome t he

, ,

warlike Scythians an d pen e trated to this continent and that th e y ,

remained i n Halak an d Heber and in the ci ties of the Me de s

, .

Truth no doubt lies between thes e opinio ns Many of the

, , .

t ribes passed into Egypt an d E th iopia many remained i n P e r ,

s i a an d T a rtary al l did not make for the north we st coast nor

,
-
,

was i t necessary that all should do so There were de gr e es of .

pie ty and condition then as now Restor e J e rusale m to morro w

. -
,

an d all the Jews will not re turn th e re Rabbi Akiba con tends .
,

t hat al l th e nobl e families remain e d i n P e rsia A number a .

,

c onsiderable n u mbe r no doubt impressed with the solemn be

, ,

l ief that i f they remain e d in Persi a they would i ntim e b e com e

, ,

idolat ers an d lose all the landmarks o f t heir an cien t fai th re

,
,
 34

It W i ll
scarc e ly b e n e c ess ary for m e to r e fer yo u t o th e many
proph e tic warnings relativ e to the sins the denunciations th e , ,

promis es the disp e rsion an d redemption of the J e wish people

, ,

which we find throughou t the B ible With that good book .

o u all ar e or should be familiar — i t is a delightful book view

y ,

i t in any manner y ou pl e ase Le t the unbeliever sne e r and the .

philosopher doubt i t is certai n that th e most important even ts

,

predicted by th e prophets hav e come to pass givin g an assurance ,

which is stripped of all doubt, that what remains to be fulfilled ,

wi ll b e fulfilled In what d irection ar e we to look for the miss

.

ing tribes accordin g to the prophets ? From Jeremiah w e

learn that they are to come from a country north and we st
from Judea From Isai ah i t i s a coun try far from Jud e a
.
,
” “
,

”
and answering also from the e nds of the earth .

In " echariah we are told i t must be i n the western regions , ,

or the country of the goi ng dow n of the sun an d according to

th e historia n Es d ras s i t mus t be a land wherein mankind neve r
,

b e for e h ad dw e lt and of cour se fr e e fro m the r e sidence of t he

, ,

h e athen .

O ur proph e t Isaiah ha s a noble r e fer e n ce to the disperse d

trib e s and their redemption which may be here appropriately ,

quoted I use hi s languag e the H e bre w which from its peculiar

.
, ,

associations should be alway s int e resti ng to you .

‘
1 11 1 1
m n11 p 1 7 11 1 1
11
1 11
1
1 1 1
1
1
1 111 1 , 1 D1 1
11 1 m 111 1 ;
1
1 1 11 11

11 1 3 11 1 131 1 1 19 13 1
- -
C1 1
1
m 13 1 1
11 11 131 ;
1 1 11 11 1
1
-1 -
111 11 1

np n
’

13 1 11 11 1 1 1 11
11 11 1 p1 1 11 1 11 11 1 13 1
511 13 1
7
1

- -- L

—
- -
11 9 1 11 1; rr11 11 1
1 11 1 91 1 1
1 11
1

11
1 1 1 1 11 11 11 11
1 1
1

1 ‘
n —
—
1
1
31 1 11 111 7 h vo 11 1 1 1 1
“ 3 1
1
1 1
1 1
11 1 1 1 1 11: 1
1
15 511 01 13 Hi 1 111~
1
1
5 1
-1 -
11 1 .
1
1 11 1 1; 1
1 1 111 11 1: 1
111 111 1

131 11 19
71
1 1
1 11 111
1
 35

And i t shall co me to pa s s in that day that th e Lo r d shall ,

hi s han d th e s econd tim e to r e cov e r th e r e mnan t of his p e opl e

s et ,

which shall be l e ft from A ssyria an d f rom Egypt an d fro m , ,

P athros an d from C ush an d from Elam an d from Shinar and

, , , ,

fro m Hama th an d from the islands of th e s e a

, .

An d he s hall s et up a n e nsign fo r th e n ation s an d s hall ,

a s s e mble the outcasts o f Israel a nd gath e r tog e th er

, t he d is
pe rs e d o f Judah from th e four corn e rs of th e e a r th
, .

“
A nd ther e s hall b e a highw ay for th e r e mn ant of his
,

p e ople which shal l b e l e ft from Assyria lik e a s i t wa s to Isr a e l

,
“

, ,

”
i n the day that he came up o ut of the lan d of Egypt .

May I not w it h propri e ty refe r among oth e r e vid e nc e s to

, ,

th e cruel p e rs e cutions wh ich hav e uniformly b ee n practi s e d

tow ards th e I ndians of this contin e nt n ot unlik e thos e wh ich ,

the cho s en p e opl e hav e s u ffe r e d for th e la s t ei ght e en c e n t ur ies ?

”
“
Wha t mak es you s o m e lancholy ? said G e n e ral K no x to
th e chief of an Indian depu tation that h e was e n t e rtainin g i n
,

’
thi s ci ty at the clos e of th e r e volutionary war
, I ll t e ll you .
,

broth e r said the age d chief ; I have b ee n look i n g at you r

”
,

b e autiful city— th e gr e at wat e r full of ship s— th e fin e country ,

an d see ho w prosperous you all are B ut t he u I could n ot .

,

help thinking th at this fine country was oars O ur anc e stor s

, .

lived her e They enjoyed i t as their own i n peac e I t was t he

. .

em an ei r c hi ld ren
gi ft o
f t he G rea t S pi ri t t o t h d t h , A t last whi t e .
,

men c ame i n a gr e at canoe They on ly asked to l e t th e m ti e

.

i t to a tree lest the wate r should car ry i t away W e c o nsen t e d

,
. .

They the n said some of their pe ople were sick and t he y ask e d ,

e rmission to land them and pu t the m u nder the s hade o f t he

p ,

tr e es The ice th e n came and t hey could not go a way Th ey

. .

th e n begge d a piece o f land to build wigwams for th e w i n t e r .

We granted it t o th e m They the n asked corn to k ee p th e m

.

from s t a rvin g We furni s hed i t o ut o f our ow n sca n ty s u ppl y

. .
 36

The y prom i s e d to go away wh e n the ice melted Wh e n this .

h app e n e d they instead of goin g pointed to the big guns round

, , ,

the W igwams and said we shall stay here Afterwards cam e

,
.
’

more : they brough t intoxicating d rinks of which the I ndians ,

b e came fond They persuaded them to sell the ir lan d and

.
, ,

finally have driven us back fro m time to time to the w ild e r ness
, , , ,

far from the water the fish and th e oysters They h ave scare d
, , .

away our game— my people are wasting away W e live i n .

the want of all thin gs while you are enj oyin g ab undanc e in
,

our fine an d beautiful country This makes me sorry broth e r .

, ,

”
and I cannot h e lp i t .

Th e se persecutions and repeat e d acts of cruelty and i nj ustice

appear to have no termina t ion — the work of destruc tion com ,

m e nc e d with the Narragans e tts w ill e xtend to th e Se minoles , ,

an d gradually to the blue wat e rs of the Pacific Look e ven .

n ow at th e cont e st maintain e d by a handful of I ndians in th e

ev e rglade s of Florida Do they w ar aga i nst unequal numbers
.

for a crown —for a part of that im mense surplus which ov e rflows

from th e coffers of a coun try whic h was once their own ? No ,

they fight for the privilege o f dying w here the bones of their
anc estors lie buried and yet we C hristians as we call ourselves
, , ,

deny them that boon and driv e th e lords of the s oil into
, t he den
of the otter .

I n refe rring to the splendid spe cimens of In dian oratory ,

where I would
, ask can you find suc h wisdom such lofty and
, ,

pure e loqu e n ce , among the Chinese an d Tar t ars e ve n at th i s ,

"
day i
The Indians like th e Hebrews speak in parables Of t heir
, , .

dialects th e re is no doubt that the Algonquin and Huron ar e

, ,

the par e nts of fiv e hun dred I ndian ton g ue s— they a re copiou s ,

rich regular forcible and compreh ensiv e ; and although h e re and

, ,

th e r e stron g H e br e w analogi e s m ay b e fou n d y e t i t i s r e a s on

,
 37

abl e to suppos e that t he Indian languag e s are a compou n d of

,

all those tongu e s belongin g to the various Asiatic nations ,

through which they pass e d during their p i lgrimage .

Firmly as I b e lie v e th e A m e rican I ndian to hav e be e n d e

scend e d from the trib e s of Isra e l and that our continent is full
,

of th e mos t extraordinary v e stig e s of ant i quity ther e is on e ,

poin t a religiou s as w e ll as a historical point i n which you may

, ,

poss i bly contin ue to doubt amidst almos t convin cing evide nc e s

, .

If these are the re mnants of th e nin e and a h alf trib e s which

w e r e carrie d i nto Assyria an d if w e ar e to b e lieve i n all t he
,

promises of th e restoration and th e fulfilm e n t of the propheci e s

, ,

r e sp e cting th e final adven t of th e Jewish nation wh at i s to ,

b e c ome of the s e our re d br e thr e n whom w e are driving befor e

,

us so rapidly that a c e n t ury more w ill find th e m lingerin g o n

,

th e borders of th e P acific oc ean

P ossibly th e r e storation may b e n e ar e noug h to includ e e v en
,

a portion of th ese i n t e r es ting p e ople . O ur l e arn e d Rabbis

hav e alway s d ee med i t sinful to c omput e th e p e r i od of th e
restoration ; they believ e that wh en the sins of the n ation we re
atoned for the miracl e of th e ir r e demption woul d b e m an ife s t e d
, .

My faith doe s not r e s t wholly i n miracl e s —P rovi d en ce dispos e s

.

of ev e n ts human agen cy must carry th e m out That b e nign

, .

and S upr e m e po w e r which the childr e n of I sra e l had n ev e r for

saken has prot e ct e d th e chos e n peopl e amidst th e mos t appall
,

in g dangers has sav e d th e m fro m th e uplift e d s word of th e

,

E gyptians the Assyrians the M e des the Pe rsians th e G r ee k s

, , , ,

and the R o mans an d while the mo s t pow e rful nation s of a n

,

t i q ui t y hav e crumbled to pieces w e h ave b ee n pr e served unit e d

, ,

a nd unbrok e n t he sam e no w as we were in th e d ays of th e

,

pat riarchs — brough t fro m darkness to ligh t from t he e arly an d,

rude periods of l e arning to the bright r e ality of c i vil i zat i o n of ,

ar t s of e ducat i on and of sc ie nce

, .
 38

Th e Je wish people must now do s om e thin g for th e ms e lves

they must move o nward to t he accomplishment of that grea t
even t lon g foret o ld— long promised— long expecte d an d whe n
they D O move th a t mighty p o wer wh ich has for thousands of
,

years rebuked the proscription and i ntolerance show n to th e

Jews by a benign prote ctio n o f the whole nation will still cove r
, ,

them with his invincible standard .

My belief is tha t S y ria will revert to the Jewish nation by

,

urc has e and that the fa cility e xhibited i n the accu mulation of
p ,

wealth has been a providential an d peculiar gift to e n able them

, ,

a t a proper time to re occupy th eir a ncien t possessions by th e

,
-

purse string instead of t he sword

-
.

We live in a remarkable age an d po litical ev e nts are pro

,

d uc i ng extraordinary chan ges amo ng the n ations of the e arth .

Russia with i ts gigantic power contin ues to press hard on

Turkey The Pacha of Egypt t ak i ng ad v ant a g e of the i m
.
,
‘

rov e m e nt s and inven tions of me n of genius is extendin g h i s

p ,

terri t ory an d influence to th e straits of B abelm and el on t he

Red s e a and to the borders of the Russian e mpire and t he
,

combined force of Russia Turkey Persia and E gypt seriously

, , ,

thr e aten the safety of British possessions in the Eas t Indies .

An intermediate and bala ncing power is required to check thi s

thirst of conq uest and territorial possession and to keep i n ,

ch e ck t he advanc e s of R ussia in T urkey and Pers i a an d the ,

ambi t ion and love of conq uest of Egypt This can be do ne by .

restoring S y ria t o its right ful o wne rs not by revolution or blood

, ,

bu t as I have sai d by the purchase of that territory from the Pa

,

cha of Egypt for a sum of mo ne y too temptin g i n its amoun t for

,

him to refuse in the present reduce d state of his coffers Twel v e

, .

or thirteen millions of dollars have been spoken of i n reference

to th e c e ssion of that i nteresting territory a sum of no conside ,

ration to t he Je ws for the good will and p e aceable po s s ess ion

,
 39

of a land wh i ch to the m is above all price

,
. U nd e r the co

operatio n and prot e c tio n of E ngland and Fran ce th is re o c c u ,

-

pat io u of Syria w ithi n its old territorial limits i s at once re as ona ,

bl e and practicabl e .

B y opening th e ports of Dama s cus Tri poli Joppa Acr e , , , ,

&c th e whole of the commerce of Turkey E gypt an d th e

.
, , ,

Mediterranea n wil l be i n the hand s of those w ho e v e n no w i n ,

part control th e commerce of E urope

, . From th e D anub e , th e
D ne i s t e r, the U krai ne , wallachia and Moldavia th e be s t of,

agriculturalists would r e vi ve the form e r fertility o f P alestine .

Manufacturers from Germany and Holland a n army of e x pe

ricuce an d brav e ry fro m France and I taly ingen uity i nt e lli ,

gen ce activity e n e rgy and e nterprise from all parts of th e

, ,

world would und e r a j ust a tolerant and a liberal govern me nt

, , , ,

pr e s e n t a formidabl e barri e r to t he e n croach me n ts of surroundin g

pow e rs and b e a bulwa rk to th e in ter e sts of England and
,

France a s w e ll as th e risi ng liber tie s of G re e c e

,
.

Once agai n unfurl t he stan dard of Judah on M ount " i on ,

the four corners of th e earth will g i v e up th e chos e n peopl e as

the s e a will give u p its dead at th e sound of th e las t trump e t
, .

Le t th e cry be Je rusalem as i t was i n th e d ays of th e Sa ra c e n

,

and the lio n hearted Richard o f England an d th e rag s and

-
,

wre tched ness wh ic h hav e for e ighte e n ce n t uri e s e nvelope d th e

pe rs ons of th e Jews crush e d as th e y we re by p e rs e cutio n and
,

inj ustice will fall to the e arth ; and th e y will stan d forth th e
, ,

richest the most pow e rful the mos t i nt e lligen t nation on t h e

, ,

fa ce o f the gl o be wit h i ncalculabl e we al th and holding i n

, ,

ledge t he c r o wns and sce ptr e s of kings Placed in possessio n

p .

o f t he ir anc i e n t he ritage by and with th e cons e n t and c o op e ra

. -

tion o f the ir C hristian brethren establishing a gov e rnme n t o f ,

peace and g oo d will on e a r t h i t may then be said be hold th e, ,

fulfilmen t o f predicti o n and pr o phecy : beh o ld the chos en an d

 40

d pe0ple o\
fA lm i ght y God who in d e fenc e of hi s unity
"
fav o ui °

e w , ,

and omnipotenc e have been the outcast and proscribe d of all

,

nations and who for thousands o f year s hav e pati e ntly en dured
,

the severest of human su fferin gs i n th e hope of that grea t

,

advent of which t hey n ever have d e s pal red and then whe n -

taki n g their ran k once more amon g th e n ations of the earth ,

with the good wish e s and a ffec tionate regards of the grea t
family of mankind they may by the i r tolerance the ir good
, ,

faith their charity an d enlarg ed lib e ral views meri t wha t has
, ,

been said in their b ehalf by inspir e d wri ters Bl e ss e d are they

,

”
who bless Isra e l .