UNIT 5: Global Warming

A. GRAMMAR
*Complete the sentences with the Present, Past or Perfect Participle
form of the verbs given.
1. The atomic bomb exploded, _____ (destroy) the entire town.
2. _____ (wait) for Ellie, I made some tea.
3. Before _____ (take) on his business trip, Tom renewed his passport.
4. After _____ (invent) the light bulb, Thomas Edison went on to create many
other useful inventions.
5. _____ (experiment) with uranium, Marie Curie discovered two new elements -
radium and polonium.
6. His grandpa saw the news about the disaster in his hometown, _____ (watch)
the television.
7. _____ (make) lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.
8. _____ (understand) that cigarettes cause cancer, many people have stopped
smoking.
9. The ancient Mayans in Central America developed a very accurate solar
calendar after _____ (study) the stars in the sky.
10. _____ (surprise) by all the attention, Emma thanked everyone for the cake
and presents.
11. _____ (confuse) by the changing information, they thought the plane was
canceled.
12. On _____ (arrive) at the hotel, he quickly went to his room and got changed.
13. _____ (know) his daughter loved reading, Richard bought her a bookcase
with lots of books.
14. Kelen could speak some Hindi, _____ (live) in India for two years.
15. My cousin thought about the last two years while _____ (pack) her things.
16. They will be fully qualified lawyers, _____ (finish) their training at university.
17. _____ (get) dressed, Carl slowly went downstairs.
18. He took a wrong direction while _____ (drive) to his uncle’s house and ended
up going back where he started.
19. _____ (wash) at a low temperature, these jeans will keep their original colour
for a long time.
20. After _____ (work) in prisons throughout her twenties, she wrote her first play
about life behind bars.
21. In spite of _____ (read) the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how
to use it properly.
22. _____ (start) in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city center at
peak hours.
23. Instead of _____ (complain) about it, they ought to try doing something
positive.
24. She didn’t see the boy crossing the road, _____ (blind) by the sun.
 25. On _____ (see) her former owner, the dog ran across the room to greet him.
26. She slipped on some ice and fell over, _____ (run) for the bus.
27. _____ (stand) in the queue, I realized I didn’t have any money.
28. _____ (worry) by the news, my aunt called the hospital immediately.
29. They were very close friends, _____ (live) through difficult times together.
30. _____ (be) in hospital for several weeks, she was delighted to be home.
31. That medicine can be poisonous if _____ (take) in excessive amounts.
32. _____ (use) in this way, participles can make your writing more concise.
33. An astronaut will have undergone thousands of training hours before _____
(carry) into outer space by a rocket.
34. _____ (look after) carefully, these boots will last for many years.
35. _____ (not want) to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question.
36. The buildings collapsed, _____ (injure) two people.
37. _____ (wear) under normal clothes, a thermal layer keeps you warm in minus
temperatures.
38. Before _____ (cook), you should wash your hands thoroughly.
39. My sister began to look for a new job, _____ (make) redundant at work.
40. _____ (build) by a local architect and an artist, the house combines traditional
materials with original design.
41. _____ (walk) through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.
42. _____ (select) for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a
short presentation.

*Which of the following sentences can be reduced to a Present or Past

Participle clause? Put a ✔ where an adverb clause can be omitted and
a X where it can’t be omitted.
1. Because David was driving to work in the rain, his car got a flat tyre.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Since Sam opened his new business, he has been working 16 hours a day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I turned on all the lights after I entered the laboratory.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. While an Ethiopian man was herding his goats in the mountains, he
discovered the coffee plant more than 1,200 years ago.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Anna always tidies up her desk before she leaves the classroom.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. American soldiers ate a mixture of raw coffee beans and fat for extra energy
before they marched into the battle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. While Beth and Lucy were doing their homework, they suddenly heard a loud
noise.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
 8. After my children met the film star in person, they understood why she was so
popular.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. When tomato was first brought to Europe, it was said to be poisonous.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Bob’s manager gave him an extra pay rise after he agreed on more job
responsibility.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Tom worked very hard in the garden this morning, so he took a shower and
went to the cinema with his friends.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Because rabbit had been imported into Australia many years before, it
became a serious pest in 1989.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. After the musician stopped playing, the audience stood up and clapped
enthusiastically.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. Before a friend tries to do something difficult, Americans might say ‘Break a
leg’ to wish that person good luck.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. Mike got all the ingredients, so she made a delicious chicken curry for her
friends.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. The dog searched through all the rose bush, so it found its yummy bone.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

*Combine each pair of sentences using a Present or Past Participle

clause IF POSSIBLE.
1. The principal was embarrassed by the love affair. He refused to answer any
questions from the press.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Sue kept one hand on the steering wheel. She opened a can of soda with the
other free hand.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I misunderstood the direction to the restaurant. I arrived one hour late for the
dinner party.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The stray cats were frightened by the loud noise. They ran away very quickly.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The students tried to understand the physics problem. They repeated the
experiment again and again.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. We live far from our school. We have to go to school by train every day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. The child fell from his bike and injured his arm. He now isn’t able to write at
school.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Liz is tutored by her dad who is a math teacher. She becomes very good at
mathematics.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. The passengers heard about the flight cancellation. They flocked to the ticket
counter to protest.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. They met their PE teacher afterschool. He suggested playing badminton.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Thomas and his sister were annoyed by the noisy kids next door. They went
to sleep early.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. His mom was lying by the swimming pool. She realized she was getting
sunburnt.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. Michell lives a long distance from his office. His car is essential for him to
commute on a daily basis.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. The winner was filled with tremendous pride. She walked proudly towards the
stage.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. One of the pupils didn’t want to ask a question. He looked elsewhere and
pretended not to hear anything.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. Mr. Bell tripped on the carpet. He spilled his coffee all over the floor.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. A child is raised in the right way. He or she will become a good person.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. The security guard remembered that he hadn’t turned off the oven. He went
directly home.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. That housemaid was exhausted with all the cleaning. She collapsed on the
sofa for a rest.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. The plants are watered the right amount. They can grow big and tall.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
 B. VOCABULARY
*Circle the best option to complete each of the following sentences.

1. In the last summit, Britain was the first country to agree to reduce emissions/sea
level/human activity of nitrogen oxide from their power stations.
2. Plants absorb carbon dioxide/dating tests/substances during photosynthesis, so they
help to protect the environment.
3. Their project managers insisted on minimising the possible impacts in/at/on the
environment.
4. We need to focus on developing nature/climatic/alternative sources of energy, like
wind, wave or solar power.
5. You can only achieve big success onto/into/from hard work and diligence.
6. A loss of tropical forests, an increase in arid lands, more forest/deforestation/famine
fires and the disappearance of animal and plant species are the predictable
consequences of global warming.
7. Many islands are now below sea level/global warming/greenhouse gas and the only
way to prevent them from disappearing is to build concrete walls.
8. The widespread destruction of rainforests is contributing to fossil
fuels/deforestation/global warming.
9. Yesterday, a team of 27 trash pickers was sent to the neighbourhood to remove litter
and rubbish from/out of/into the streets.
10. Manchester produces as many as 20 million tons of household greenhouse
gas/waste/renewable per year.
11. Is there an easy solution away/towards/to the problem of climate change?
12. The couple was still having a good time because the heavy rain didn’t stop them
by/with/from enjoying the scenery.
13. Our house gets electricity from solar/tidal/wind energy which is produced from the
special panels on the roof.
14. Scientists say higher temperatures on sea surface might endanger seafood/sea
life/seashore to a damaging extent.
15. Is the greenhouse effect/influence/impact a major culprit of flooding?
16. It’s essential that more countries should agree on a shared system for limiting
deforestation/sea level/greenhouse gas emissions.
17. My mom told me to keep a balance within/between/among my spendings and
earnings every month.
18. Do you know that the melting/reducing/climbing of glaciers can result in a decrease in
fresh water on the Earth?
19. After the summit ended, no sign of progress to/towards/in this environmental issue
was seen.
20. The government is to demand car manufacturers to reduce the carbon emissions
from their products with/by/for 30%.
21. Industrialised/Globalised/Affected countries include Canada, Japan, Australia, New
Zealand and the United States.
22. Heat-trapping gases/Household waste/Deforestation has been scientifically proven to
cause floods and drought.
23. It’s boiling hot for us to live in a greenhouse during the daytime because the sun rays
burn/boil/heat the air and the glass windows trap/stay/hold the heat inside.
24. Recently, there has been a rapid increase from/in/on illegal fish farming.
25. Climate experts now agree that there is an urgent need to cut down on sea
levels/renewable energy/carbon footprint across the world.
26. Global warming is caused by emissions of heat-trapping gases/sea level/waste which
comes primarily from human activities.
27. A yearly reduction in agricultural yields can cause extreme disease/famine/poverty on
a global scale.
28. The aim of our research is to measure the impact of emissions/human
activities/renewable on this particular ecosystem.
29. Carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts when deforestation/global
warming/fossil fuels are burned.
30. The Bengal tiger is one of the animals on the list of warning/threatened/endangered
species.
31. There is a huge problem with fossil fuels in that they are not
renewable/rebuilt/reproduced.
32. Even a small rise in sea levels can lead to heavy drought/rain/flooding in some
coastal areas.
33. In the past, the use of CFCs in air conditioners was linked about/to/with the depletion
of the ozone layer.
34. Extreme/Supreme/Scheme weather conditions are one of the biggest threats to all
living creatures on our planet.
35. High levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere lead to carbon
emissions/alternative sources/climate change.
36. The nature of the country must be prepared to accept the environmental
consequences from/of/without human activities.