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Murali 68
Murali 68
Murali 68
CHAPTER- I
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Trading Account in the module titled ‘Financial Statements of Profit and Not for Profit
Organizations , After preparation of the financial statements, one may be interested in
analyzing the financial statements with the help of different tools such as comparative
statement common size statement, ratio analysis, trend analysis, fund flow analysis, cash
flow analysis. Analysis of financial statements is an attempt to assess the efficiency and
performance of an Enterprise Thus, the analysis and interpretation of financial statements
is very essential to Measure the efficiency, profitability, financial soundness and future
prospects of the business units
1.2 MEANING
Financial Statements are the collective name given to Income Statement and Positional
Statement of an enterprise which show the financial position of business concern in an
organized manner, We know that all business transactions are first recorded in the books of
original entries and thereafter posted to relevant ledger accounts, For checking the
arithmetical accuracy of books of accounts, a Trial Balance is prepared .Trial balance is a
statement prepared as a first step before preparing financial statements of anenterprise
which record all debit balances in the debit column and all credit balancesin credit column,
To find out the profit earned or loss sustained by the firm during a givenperiod of time and
its financial position at a given point of time is one of the purposes of accounting, For
achieving this objective, financial statements are prepared by the business enterprise, which
include income statement and positional statement,
✔ Making Comparison and Selection of Appropriate Policy Forecasting and Preparing Budgets:
Horizontal Analysis: The horizontal analysis measures the financial statements line of items
with the base year, That means, it compares the figures for a given period .
Vertical Analysis: The vertical analysis measures the line item of the income statement or
balance sheet by taking any line it seem of financial statement as a base and will disclose the
same in percentage from
Liquidity Analysis: The short-term analysis focus on routine expenses, It analyses the
short-term capability of the company with respect to day-to-day payments of trade
creditors, short-term borrowings, statutory payments, salaries etc. Its main intent is to verify
the appropriate liquidity being maintained thoroughly for the given period and all the
liabilities are being met without any default, The short-term analysis is carried out using
the technique of ratio analysis, which uses various ratios like liquidity ratio, current ratio,
quick ratio, etc.
Solvency Analysis: The long-term analysis is also termed as Solvency analysis, Focus
under this analysis is to ensure the proper solvency of the company in the near future and
to check whether the company is able to pay all the long-term liabilities and obligations. It
gives stakeholders confidence about the survival of the entity with proper financial health,
Solvency Ratios like Debt to Equity ratio, Equity Ratio, Debt ratio etc give a correct picture
of the financial solvency and burden on the firm in the form of external debts.
Scenario & Sensitivity Analysis : In business, day in and day out various changes keepon
coming, In addition based on the economic outlook various kinds of changes in tax structures,
banking rates, duties, etc. Each of this determinants highly affects the financials, hence it is utmost
important that treasury department does such sensitivity analysis with respect to each factor and
try to analyze the effect of the same with the company financial
Variance Analysis: Business runs on estimates and budgets, after the completion of
transactions, it is utmost important to check the variance in between budget and estimates
with the actual one, Such variance analysis will help in checking any loopholes in the
process and hence it will help an entity to take corrective actions for avoidance of the
same in the future, Variance analysis can be caring out by standard costing technique,
comparing budgeted, standard and actual costs,
Valuation Analysis: Valuation analysis means deriving the company’s fair valuation
Financial planning and Analysis: Every company will be having its own financial planning
and analysis (FP&A) department whose main work is to analyze the internal organization’s
various data points and to construct the Management Information System
(MIS), which will be reported to top management, Such MIS circulated by FP&A
department is of the highest importance for the company as there will be, both published
as well as unpublished information, Such analysis helps top management to adopt
strategies, which will be preventive in nature and can help in avoiding any major setback.
Research methodology is a way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their
research. It’s a logical, systematic plan to resolve a research problem. A methodology
details a researcher’s approach to the research to ensure reliable, valid results that address
their aims and objectives. It encompasses what data they’re going to collect and where
from, as well as how it’s being collected and analyzed. A research methodology gives
research legitimacy and provides scientifically sound findings. It also provides a detaile.
1.6 Limitations of Financial Statements Analysis:
Financial ratios are created with the use of numerical values taken from financial
statement to gain meaningful information about a company, The numbers found on a
company’s financial statements –balance sheet, income statement and cash flow
statement – are used to Perform quantitative analysis and assess a company’s liquidity,
leverage, growth, margins, profitability, rates of return, valuation, and more.
✔ Liquidity ratios
✔ Solvency ratios
✔ Efficiency ratios
✔ Profitability ratios
✔ Market value ratios
✔ This study clearly defines the financial status of the concern during the working period.
✔ The study report being made here brings out the financial structure and the position of the
company from different years.
✔ The financial study helps us to analysis the financial background and income earned.
✔ Solvency ratio
✔ Profitability ratio
✔ The financial details of the company are Collected only for 2 years,
✔ Its limited only in Coimbatore
Textile Industry in India is growing at very fast rate. New upcoming technologies and
products are to be absorbed by the industry. Attempts are required in analyzing the
functioning of the power loom industry in decentralized sector, which is major contributing
sector in Indian textile industry. Problems suffered by the industry in Maharashtra in general
and Chakrapani in particular will be studied in detail. Appropriate measures for the
problems in interest of weavers, Traders, and consumers will be give.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Yoganandan & Jaganathan A.T (2010)It was pointed out capital structure and its impaction
profitability by a study of listed manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka, The analysis of listed
manufacturing companies shows that debt-equity ratio is positively and strongly associated to all
profitability ratios (Gross Profit, Operating Profit & Net Profit Ratios), The proportion of the debt
equity in the capital structure is also fairly responsible to design the financial structure of the firms
to a greater extent.
Yoganandan Tested the efficiency level of the three popular stock Indices of Indian Stock Market
using the Runs Test and the Autocorrelation Function of ACF, It is found from the Autocorrelation
and Runs Test that the time series of stock indices in the Indian Stock Market were biased random
time series. It is the attitude that is well addressed amongst the financial research.
Yin (2018)Probed the applicability of volatility behavior of aggregate indices to the sectorial indices,
The study doubted the leverage effects of equity returns and also it’s bearing on the strategy of
portfolio diversification among various sectors, This also raised possible question mark on the impact
of capital structure on the financial framework in the long-run as because the growth factor is always
subject to forecast with un-certainty.
Tasneem Alam and Muhammad Waheed (2004)Investigated the monetary transmission
mechanism in Pakistan at the sector level, The study assessed whether the reform process achieved
notable impact on the monetary transmission mechanism or not, the study found that there was
significant change in the transmission of monetary stock to real sector of the economy during the
post-reform period,
Mufeed Rawashdeh and Jay Squalli (2005)Tested market efficiency across the four sectors,
namely, Banking, Industrial, Insurances and Services in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), The
study found that the random walk and weak form efficiency hypotheses were rejected for all sample
sectors besides, the returns of mean values were highly volatile and over inflated stock prices and
frequent market corrections formed a bubble effect .It indicates that investment in all sectors of the
ASE may be very risky in the short run.
Chin Wen Cheog (2008) Investigated the weak form market efficiency by using daily return of nine
sector indices in Malaysian Stock Market, these empirical results were in sharp contrast with the
traditional unit root test which ignored the economic crisis and currency control,
The study found that sector indices of Malaysian Stock Markets were inefficient weak- form (except
the property index) The study found that sector indices of Malaysian Stock Markets were inefficient.
Selvam,M, Indhumathi,G and Rajesh Ramkumar,R (2010) studied the market efficiency of the
sample companies listed on the BSE PSU Index, The study found that the PSU Index performed
wellduring the study period and the investors of PSU companies earned maximum return through
stock market operations. Financial performance analysis is vital for the triumph of an enterprise,
Financial performance analysis is an appraisal of the feasibility, solidity and fertility of a business,
sub- business or mission, A rich literature has tackled the issue of how the mix between internal and
external funds is linked with firm real performance.
Almeida H Campello and M, & M, Weisbach (2004)Have observed that the availability of internal
liquidity is a key parameter of firms‟ ability to invest and accomplish the desired expansion plans,
Companies need not to seek the assistance of external financing source as it always has a higher cot
to the capital, thereby adversely affecting the profit and profitability of the firm.
Jenson (1986)Has rightly pointed out that external debt can be considered as an effective way to
reduce the agency cost problems that may lead to the under-performance of firms, So, confusions
emerge in between internal and external source of financing to reach at a judicious managerial
decision,
Flkender and Petesen (2006)The dependence of investment on cash or debt largely depends on
whether the firm is facing an income shortage or, conversely, a high income state, The authors
highlight that there is interplay between firms‟ cash and debt policies as cash holdings have a
significant effect financing capacity and investment spending in low cash- flow states, while debt
reductions are a particularly effective way of boosting investment in high cash-flow states.
Ralf Elsas and David Florysiak (2008) Write this paper with the aim of evaluating and summarizing
capital structure in German firms and indicate that even with the passing of 50 years from primary
study of Lara and Mesquite yet choosing optimal and ideal capital structure isn’t possible and is the
main challenge of researchers, In this study equity is as a positive and effective factor on capital
structure and long term debt shows the reverse position as compared .
Vishnu and Nageswara (2007) Clearly show that according to empirical evidence there is a
relationship between industrial pricing and type of industry with capital structure and firms
performance is in relation to debt ratios of firm, Comparing method of evaluating firm from the year,
Wide coverage of literature review enlists varieties of approaches to the study of relevance, undertaken
by different school of thoughts; not merely focusing on the proposed study with specified objectives,
The state of research relating to the financial structure of the Indian Companies is not adequate. The
literature is limited to the growth, development, expansion, working and functional analysis of the
units in relation to Indian Companies, Only in a few studies, the problem of bottlenecks of the Indian
companies has also been highlighted. It is felt that in relation to Indian companies no pin pointed study
has been made on the problem of financial structure, No study has been undertaken analyzing the
problem of financial structure‟ on the basis of prescribed norms, standards and managerial ratios and
statistical tools, The proposed study will focus the financial structure aspect of Indian Companies in
India on which the available literature is in scarcity. The planning of the financial structure is a must
for the measurement of the efficiency of the Indian Companies, To evaluate the efficiency and
performance of Indian Companies, the measurement of the financial structure is resorted to, The
performance and efficiency of Indian Companies is directly related to financial structure, The poor
financial structure may be due to diverse factors, The factors rendering financial structure poor would
be sorted out and highlighted with a view to suggesting remedial measures. The inspiration for this
research work is the generally based on simple observation of the reality in most literature studies that
firms (indeed, the industry-wise company sector) must be able to finance their activities and grow
over time if they are ever to play an increasing enhancing value-added income in terms of profits,
expanding their shape and size in the economy; generating tax revenue for the government; and, all in
all, ensuring sustainability through scalable performance, So, now-a-days, the corporate houses
normally seek to have a well-structured capital and financial framework would be self-sufficient to
materialize the basic objectives of the enterprise.
Dhameja (1972)In his study entitled Dividend behavior in Indian Paper Industry statistical Test,
examined the statistical significance of various factor influencing dividend policy in Indian Paper
Industry. The variables used were net profit previous year dividend, weighted average of past profits,
depreciation, cash flow earnings (net and gross), change in sales, accumulated reserves and provision
for tax. The tools used in the study were linear multiple regression and coefficient of determination.
He concluded that the increase in profit did not result in an equivalent increase in divided and vise
varse. Dividend determination was influenced by the past year's profits and fluctuations in the
earnings did not have much influence on dividend. Fluctuations in dividend determination were
influenced by current year's earnings while change in sales had a positive influence on dividend.
Further, it was ascertained from the study that the lagged dividend was directly associated with
current year dividend. In another study.
Krishnamurthy and Sastry (1975) It made an attempt to examine the dividend behavior of Public
Limited companies based on the data available in the Reserve Bank of India, Bulletin. The study
period was from 1960 to 1970 covering 11 years. They extended Linter’s model with additional
variables to these companies. These variables included cash flow, changed cash flow, investment
expenditure and flow of debt. They found that the basic Linter's model was more appropriate in
explaining the dividend behavior.
Rao and Sarma (1976) Applied multiple discriminate analyses to a sample of 60 textiles firms
comprising 30 failed and 30 non-failed firms. The discriminate function found to be efficient included
5 financial ratios which were net worth to total assets, debts to turnover, working capital to total
assets, retained earnings to total assets earning before interest and taxes to total assets.
Agarwal (1978)In his study entitled 'Size Profitability and Growth of some Manufacturing
Industries' highlighted the relationship between profitability measured as profit / net worth and profit
/ net assets and size expressed as total sales for 7 Indian manufacturing industries viz. cotton spinning and
weaving, cotton ginning, jute textiles, paper and pulp, sugar and aluminum for the period 1962-1972. The
relationship between size and profitability was observed in cotton spinning industry, jute textile industry,
sugar and brewing industry and aluminum industry while in case of cement and cotton spinning and ginning
industry no such relationship was observed.
REFERENCES:
• Abraham.V &Sasikumar .S 2011 Capital Structure and Its Impact on Profitability: A Study
of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Sri Lanka (2010), Revista Tinerilor Economisti
/The Young Economists Jurnal 13,55-61
• Anand Pandey,, 2003, “Efficiency of Indian Stock market”, Indian Economic Journal, Vol,
36 No: 4, pp, 68-121,
• Kin-Yip Ho,, and Albert K C Tsui,, 2004, “An Analysis of the Sectoral Indices of Tokyo
Stock Exchange: A Multivariate GARCH Approach with Time Varying Correlations”,
Stochastic Finance, Autumn School and International Conference,
• Mufeed Rawashdeh,, and Jay Squalli,, 2005, “A Sectoral Efficiency Analysis of the
Amman Stock Exchange”, Working Paper No, 05-04.
• Chin Wen Cheong, 2008, “A Sectoral Efficiency Analysis of Malaysian Stock Exchange
Under Structural Break”, American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol 5 No: 10,
pp,12911295.
• Selvam M,, Indhumathi G,, and Rajesh Ramkumar R, (2010), “Analysis of Market
Efficiency of BSE- PSU Index”, SNS Journal of Finance, 1(3): pp, 1-10,
• Almeida H,, Campello, M, & M, Weisbach, (2004), The cash-flow sensitivity of cash,
Journal of Finance, Vol - 59, Page 1777-1804
• Jensen (1986), Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeover, American
Economic Review, Vol - 76, Page 323-329.
• Nageswara, R, & Vishnus, R, (2007), Capital structure, industry pricing, & firm
performance, Proceeding of the 13th Asia pacific management conference Melbourne,
Australia, 2007,280-286.
• Dhameja, "Divident behaviour in Indian Paper Industry," 1972, pp.65-70
• Agarwal, "size profitability and Growth of some Manufcturing Industries", 1978 pp.85-90
CHAPTER-III PROFILE
OF THE COMPANY
Description: This company is a manufacturer and supplier of woven labels, printed labels,
stickersand handtag labels.
Products & Services: Badges, Stickers, Printed Labels, Woven Labels and Hand Tag Labels
Category: Manufacturer
The current status of jaganathan Textiles Limited is - Active.The last reported AGM (Annual
General Meeting) of jaganathan Textiles Limited, per our records, was held on 30 September, 2022.
Also, as per our records, its last balance sheet was prepared for the period ending on 31 March,
2022.
The company has 3 directors and 3 reported key management personnel.The longest serving director
currently on board is Atharakode Sukumaran Nair who was appointed on 30 November,
2006. Atharakode Sukumaran Nair has been on the board for more than 16 years. The most
recentlyappointed directors are Sukumarkulandaivel Viralayur Rathinasamy and Muthu
Meyyappan, who were appointed on 02 November, 2020.Atharakode Sukumaran Nair has the
largest number of other directorships with a seat at a total of 4 companies. In total, the company
is connected to 7 other companies through its directors.
REGISTERED 2nd floor, ramani Krishna marvel ,door no,1, D.B. road ,
ADDRESS: R.S.Puram ,COIMBATORE – 641606,TAMIL NADU –
INDIA40-141
Labels are among the main trims used in garments. Various information about garments are printedon the
printed label - like fiber content, wash and care instructions, size of the garment, and brandname. There
are two types of labels used for garment labeling.
• Woven labels
• Printed labels
The printed label is the label that is printed by ink on a narrow fabric or ribbon. The printed label production
method, machines and equipment requirement are discussed in this article.
Different types of printed labels:
• Brand label,
• Special labe
1. SatinTape/Ribbon Tape
Tapes are the main raw materials used for printed label making. Tapes is mainly
available in roll form. One roll ribbon tape generally contain 183 yard of ribbon. There are various
sizes of satin tape used for label/size label making. Satin tap / ribbon tape
Satin tap/ribbon tape
2.Liquid Ink
Various color plasticize ink are used for printing the care label on Satin Tape.
3. Reducer Mix
The ink is not used directly to print. Some liquid reducer is used to make the ink thicker.
It is a liquid agent mix with ink for making smoothing of color during printing.
5.Drying agent
Drying agent comes in liquid form. A small amount of drying agent is mixed into the ink. Color will not fast
after wash if the drying agents are not used. Mainly XL-LT and XL-RB is used as drying agent
B) Rotary printing machine-6 color printing machine and 3 color printing machine
2. Curing Machine
Step-1: Set the ribbon tape roll on a tape holder roller of label printing machine. Take out the opening
strip of ribbon tape and set with the ribbon side over blanket roller sides, guide roller side, on the
heater plate and finally the output roller side, where the printed label will rolled on. There is an
electric control board settled on machine, where have the machine temperature, counter meter, on –
off switch.
Step-2: Rubber block (made as per buyer requirement), it is sated on label printing machine SS roller
with green adhesive tape. The SS roller is connected with ink pot and blanket roller. The ink is
transferred from ink pot to rubber block. This rubber block transferred ink to blanket roller and
blanket roller transfer the image to ribbon tape.
Step-3: After all setting, start the machine. The ink is transferred from ink pot to rubber block. This
rubber block transferred ink to blanket roller and blanket roller transfer the image to ribbon tape. The
printed ribbon parts are passed through 2 heaters sated with machine. Then another part of Ribbon is
rolled up after printing.
Step-4: The drying that is done by machine is not enough. So the printed label-roll needs another
drying in a dryer. Put the Printed Ribbon to dryer with temperature is 125 degree centigrade for 30
min. In one dryer machine 20 to 30 roll Printed Ribbon can dry.
Step-5: After drying, the ribbon is set to the ultrasonic cutting machine for cut according to sizes
a per buyer requirement. The capacity of the machine is 18000 pieces per hour of 10 cm length
label cutting. The label width can be 1 to 70 mm to 1 to 1000 mm length. The cutting machine
have laser, sonic system, digital display board for setting cutting length, cutting pressure, cutting
qty etc. After setting all parameters, set the printed label roll to roll holder and it is rolling while
cutting operation is done.
Step-6: After cutting the labels are sent to quality control department. The quality checker checks
labels for defective labels like print problem, cutting size problem etc. After checking labels are
packed into a carton or polybag and label are ready for delivery.
CHAPTER IV
4.1 INTRODUCTION
1.Liquidity ratio
Liquidity ratio analysis is less effective for comparing businesses of different sizes in different
geographical locations. The current ratio measures a company's ability to pay off its current
liabilities (payable within one year) with its current assets such as cash, accounts receivable and
inventories.
• Current ratio
• Liquid ratio
2. Profitability ratio
Profitability ratio is used to evaluate the company's ability to generate income as compared to its
expenses and other cost associated with the generation of income during a particular period. This
ratio represents the final result of the company.
• Gross profit ratio
• Operating ratio
The comparative balance sheet is a balance sheet which provides financial figures of Assets, Liability and
equity for the “two or more period of the same company” or “two or more than two company of same
industry” or “two or more subsidiaries of same company” at the same page format so that this can be easily.
The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short- term
obligations or those due within one year. It tells investors and analysts how a company
can maximize the current assets on its balance sheet to satisfy its current debt and other
payables.
CURRENT ASSET
CURRENT
LIABILITY
CURRENT RATIO
INTERPRETATION
The ideal current ratio is “2:1”. From the above calculation, it is inferred that current assets
for meeting current liabilities is less during the year 2020. But later it starts increasing
during the year 2021. which shows that the value of the current ratio is increased from the
year 2020-2023.
The ideal liquid ratio is “1:1”. From the above chart, it reveals that the liquid ratio during the year
2020 to 2023 generally shows increasing trend. Liquid assets are sufficient to meet the current
liabilities. This shows that the liquid position of assets is found to be good.
4.2.2 CHART SHOWING LIQUID RATIO OF THE COMPANY
Liquid ratio
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
YEAR
4.2.3ABSOLUTE LIQUID RATIO
Absolute Liquid Ratio: The relationship between the absolute liquid assets and current
liabilities is established by this ratio. Absolute Liquid Assets take into account cash in hand,
cash at bank, and marketable securities or temporary investments.
ABSOLUTE LIQUID RATIO = CASH + MARKETABLE SECURITES /
CURRENT LIABILITIES
The ideal absolute liquid ratio is “0.2 to 0.5”. From the following chart, it is cleared that the
absolute liquid ratio during the year 2020 to 2023 generally shows the increasing trend. This
shows that the absolute liquid of assets is found to be very good.
4.2.3 CHART SHOWING ABSOLUTE LIQUID RATIO
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
YEAR
RATIO
INTERPRETATION
The ideal gross profit ratio is “0.375 or 37.5%”. From the above chart, it is clearly stated that
during the year 2020 the ratio does make such better position of profitability. But during the year
2021 the company is not maintaining the gross profitability position by decreasing the trend lineof
the ratio and it is been continuously declining to the year 2022. By comparing the profitability
between these years, the company is not making their position in a better improvement.
4.3.1 CHART SHOWING GROSS PROFIT RATIO OF THE COMPANY
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
2020 2021 2022 .
4.3.2 NET PROFIT RATIO
The net profit percentage is the ratio of after-tax profits to net sales. It reveals the remaining profit
after all cost of production, administration, and financing have been deducted from sales, and
income taxes recognized. As such, it is one of the best measures of the overall results of a firm,
especially when combined with an evaluation of how well it is using its working capital. The
measure is commonly reported on a trend line, to judge performance over time. It is also used to
compare the results of a business with its competitors. Net profit is not an indicator of cash flows,
since net profit incorporates a number of non-cash expenses, such as accrued expenses,
amortization, and depreciation.
NET PROFIT
RATIO 15.05 13.15 12.29
INTERPREATION
The ideal net profit ratio is “40% to 50%”. From the above chart, it is stated that
during the year 2021 the trend line of the net profit ratio shows an increasing
strategy. But during the year 2021 the company is not maintaining the
expenditure to make a better progress on profitability of net value.
4.3.2 CHART SHOWING NET PROFIT RATIO OF THE COMPANY
14
12
10
0
2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Operating profit ratio establishes a relationship between operating profit and net sales.
Operating profit ratio is a type of profitability ratio which is expressed as a percentage.
Net sales include both cash and credit sales; on the other hand, operating profit is the net
operating profit i.e. the operating profit before interest and taxes. Operating profit earned
in comparison to revenue earned from operations.
OPERATING PROFIT RATIO = OPERATING PROFIT / NET SALES* 100
OPERATING
PROFIT 739.02 699.45 700.99
OPERATING
PROFIT RATIO 32.10 29.71 28.23
INTERPRETATION
There is no ideal ratio for operating profit ratio. From the following chart, it is clearly stated that
during the year 2021 the trend line of the operating profit ratio shows an increasing strategy. But
during the year 2022 the company is not maintaining the trend line of the operating profit ratio by
decreasing its efficiency of the concern. By analyzing these years, the company is in the position
of low ratio.
4.3.3 CHART SHOWING OPERATING PROFIT RATIO OF
THECOMPANY
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Operating ratio is also known as operating cot ratio or operating expense ratio. This ratio
is computed by dividing operating expenses of a particular period by net sales made
during that period. Like expense ratio, it is expressed in percentage. The operating ratio
is used to measure the operational efficiency of the management. It shows whether or not
the cost component in the sales figure is within the normal range.
COSR OF GOODS
SOLD +
OPERATING
EXPENCES
From the following chart, it is clearly stated that during the year 2020-2023 the trend line of the
operating ratio shows an increasing strategy. By analyzing these years, the company is in the
position of gradually increasing ratio.
4.3.4 CHART SHOWING OPERATING RATIO OF THE COMPANY
Operating
ratio
3
2022 2023
202022
OPERATING
✓ The comparative income statement gives an idea of the progress of a business over a period
of time.
✓ The changes in absolute data in money values and percentage can be determined to analyse
the profitability of the business.
✓ Like comparative balance sheet, income statement also has four columns.
✓ First two columns give figures of various items for two years.
✓ Third and fourth columns are used to show increase or decrease in figures in absolute amounts
and percentages respectively.
✓ While interpreting Comparative Balance Sheet the interpreter is expected to study the
following aspects:
✓ A comparative statement is a document that compares a particular financial statement with
prior period statements or with the same financial report generated by another company.
✓ Analysts and business managers use the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow
statement for comparative purposes.
✓ The process reveals trends in the financials and compares on company’s performance with
another business.
✓ Comparative Balance sheet is a balance sheet which provides financial figures of
✓ Assets, Liability and equity for the “two or more periods of the same company” or “two or
more subsidiaries of the same company”.
✓ The Comparative Balance sheet has two columns of amount against each balance sheet item;
one column shows the current year financial position whereas another column will show the
previous year financial position so that investors or other stakeholders can easily understand
and analyses the company’s financial performance against last year
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET OF JAGANATHAN TEXTILES LIMITED AS
ON YEAR ENDED 2020-2021
PARTICULARS 2020 2021 INCREASE/DECREASE %
EQUITIES AND
LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDER'S
FUNDS
Equity Share Capital 22.7 22.7 0
TOTAL RESERVES
AND SURPLUS
1,689.86 1,948.54 -258.68 -15.31%
-258.68 -15.10%
NON-CURRENT
LIABILITIES
[Net]
29.71 13.94 15.77 53.07%
Other Long-Term
Liabilities
12.82 34.11 -21.29 16.60%
TOTAL NON-
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
64.56 69.73 -5.17 8.01%
Short Term Borrowings 134.7 279.37 -144.67 -10.47%
282.1
TOTAL CURRENT
LIABILITIES
TOTAL CAPITAL
AND
LIABILITIES
2,440.97 2,597.88 -156.91 -6.43%
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT
ASSETS
-10.8
-92.43
Deferred Tax Assets [Net] 0 0 0
Advances
3.43 8.16 -4.73 -13.79%
Other Non-Current Assets 45.52 67.14 -47.49%
-21.62
TOTAL NON-
CURRENT ASSETS
2,116.10 2,055.93 60.17 2.84%
CURRENT ASSETS
Equivalents
8.53 21.55 -13.02 -21.55%
Short Term Loans and
Advances
1.28 2.66 -1.38 -10.78%
Other Current Assets 78.41 135.8 -57.39 -73.19%
TOTAL CURRENT
ASSETS
324.88 541.95 -217.07 -66.82%
TOTAL ASSETS 2,440.97 2,597.88 -156.91 -6.43%
OTHER
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
CONTINGENT
LIABILITIES,
COMMITMENTS
2021 2022 %
PARTICULARS
INCREASE/DECREASE
EQUITIES AND
LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDER'S
FUNDS
SURPLUS
-70.47 -3.62%
-4.73%
NON-CURRENT
LIABILITIES
[Net]
Term Liabilities
3.54 10.38%
TOTAL NON-
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
69.73 62.74 6.99 10.02%
CURRENT
LIABILITIES
-
Short Term Provisions 18.5 31.23 -12.73 68.81%
TOTAL CURRENT
LIABILITIES
556.91 455.89 101.02 18.14%
LIABILITIES
2,597.88 2,583.04 14.84 57.12%
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Advances
8.16 9.71 -1.55 -33.95%
Other Non-Current Assets 67.14 59.42 7.72 11.49%
TOTAL NON-
CURRENT ASSETS
2,055.93 1,927.98 127.95 6.22%
CURRENT ASSETS
Advances
2.66 4.43 -1.77 -66.54%
Other Current Assets 135.8 176.31 -40.51 -29.83%
ASSETS
OTHER ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
CONTINGENT
LIABILITIES,
COMMITMENTS
This comparative balance sheet shows that the total assets and total liabilities are
decreased during 2021and 2022 with 2597.88 and 2583.04 respectively. On comparison,
the cash and cash equivalents are found to be 41.35%.
CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1 FINDINGS
The important findings recorded on “A study on financial analysis of JAGANATHAN TEXTILES
LIMITED.” in this project report are consolidated as follows:
RATIO ANALYSIS:
On comparative study of current ratio during 2023 is 1.43, liquid ratio during 2023 is
0.97 and cash position ratio during 2023 is 0.24, it is observed that there are adequate
current assets and liquid assets to meet the current obligations, and it is revealed that the
firm is in a good liquidity position.
From the analysis of gross profit ratio during 2023 is 63.96%, net profit ratio during 2023
is 12.29%, operating profit ratio during 2023 is 28.23% and operating ratio during 2023 is
29.92%, it is observed that the company’s profitability is not good enough.
From the analysis of fixed assets turnover ratio during 2023 is 1.48, it is noted that the
company has effectively utilized the fixed assets gradually in every year from 2021 to
2023.
From the study on the stock turnover ratio analysis the ratio during 2023 is 4.50, it is noted
that there is a decrease which shows the company is not improving the usage and
efficiently of stock.
On the study on short term solvency ratios, it is observed that there is an adequate current
asset to meet the current obligations, and it is revealed that the firm is in a good liquidity
position.
There is a negative effect on the company when the position of profitability ratios indicates
the gross profit, net profit, operating profit and operating ratios has been gradually
decreased in each year. • From the study of debtor’s turnover ratio, the ratio during 2023
is23.39, it is understood that the debt collections during the year 2020- 2023.
It is observed that the proprietary ratio during 2023 is 2.84 has been increased with
a increasing proportion of shareholders equity and total assets.
From the above analysis, the company’s solvency position has a good growth over
the years.
Thus, it is noted that the company has to increase its turnover and profitability position
for the further growth and development of the company.
The company can also even increase its liquidity position for more growth and development
of cash and its current assets with its obligations.
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET
This comparative balance sheet shows that the total assets and total liabilities are increased
during 2021 and 2023 with 2440.97 and 2597.88 respectively. On comparison, the cash
and cash equivalents is found to be 21.55%.
This comparative balance sheet shows that the total assets and total liabilities are decreased
during 2021 and 2022 with 2597.88 and 2583.04 respectively. On comparison, the cash
and cash equivalents is found to be 41.35%.
5.2 SUGESSION
The company has effectively increased its liquidity position for its further business growth and
development.
Although some of the turnover ratios like fixed assets turnover ratio and debtor’s turnover ratio
has been quite increased and should be gradually increased for further development of the
company.
Likewise, stocks should be utilized efficiently and the proprietary ratio represents that the
relationship of shareholders’ funds in total assets which is low in long term solvency position. So,
this ratio indicates that the extend in shareholders fund can increase the assets of the company.
The company has to take required steps to increase the profitability which indicates in a very bad
condition and it is advisable that it should be maintained.
5.3 CONCLUSIONS
• The present study entitled the “A study on financial analysis of JAGANATHAN
TEXTILES LIMITED. was undertaken and analyses its liquidity, turnover, solvency and
profitability performance. Selected financial ratios were used from which various
interpretation have been drawn
• The study reveals that there is sufficient amount of liquidity is acquired. But efforts can
also be taken to improve its liquidity position by making more investment in liquid assets
such as cash in hand, cash at bank.
• It is advisable to the company to follow a steady and strict credit policy in order to improve
the standard of quality.
Journals:
Annual Report and Accounts for 2013-2018 of j.v. overseas exports Tirupur.
Indian Journal of finance -Dr Ashok Khurana – November 2009.
International journal of Business& Social Science Vol.3 NO.14 (Special issue July 2012) Indian
Journal of Finance – Sreesha C.H. Dr.M.A. Josph- July 2011.
REFERRED BOOKS
Website:
www,financialstaement.com
Www.Financialperformance. Com
Www.Ratioanalysis.Com
http://india.org/jaganathantextiles
1.
ANNEXURE-I PROFIT&LOSS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 20182020 OF JAGANATHAN
TEXTILES LIMITED
EXPENDITURE
SHAREHOLDER'S FUNDS
CURRENT LIABILITIES
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Tangible Assets 727.18 720.25 669.82
Intangible Assets 870.56 996.01 1,237.66