Earthquake Management Plan

Earthquake Management Plan 2015-16 Volume 1
EARTHQUAKE
MANAGEMENT PLAN
VOLUME 1
2015-16
GUJARAT STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Block No. 11, 5th Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 01
1.1 Need of the Plan 01
1.2 Objectives of the Plan 02
Chapter 2 Institutional Mechanism 03

2.1 National Level 03
2.2 State Level 04
2.2.1 State Emergency Operation Centre 07
2.2.2 Emergency Respnse Centres (ERCs) 09
2.3 District and Local Level 09
Chapter 3 Earthquake Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity & Risk 10

Analysis
3.1 Understanding Earthquake 10
3.1.1 Earthquake 10
3.1.2 Earthquake Predictions 10
3.1.3 Earthquake Measurement 10
3.1.4 Impacts of Earthquake 11
3.2 Earthquake Hazard Analysis (Gujarat) 11
3.3 Earthquake Vulnerability Analysis 14
3.3.1 Physical Vulnerability 14
3.3.2 Structural Vulnerability 14
3.3.3 Social Vulnerability 15
3.3.4 Economical Vulnerability 15
3.4 Earthquake Capacity Analysis 17
3.4.1 Human Resources 17
3.4.2 Equipment 17
3.5 Earthquake Risk Analysis 17
Chapter 4 Earthquake Mitigation 21

4.1 Structural and Non-Structural Earthquake Mitigation 21
Measures
Chapter 5 Earthquake Preparedness & Capacity Building 25

5.1 Preparedness Measures 25
5.1.1 State Government 25
5.1.2 Departments of State Government 25
5.1.3 Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority 29
(GSDMA)
5.1.4 The State Relief Commissioner (COR) 30
5.1.5 District Collectors 30
5.1.6 Municipal Commissioners 30
5.1.7 Local Authorities 31
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5.1.8 Indian Railways 31

5.1.9 Private Sector 31
5.1.10 Community Groups and Voluntary Agencies 31
5.1.11 Citizen 32
5.2 Capacity Building Measures 32
5.2.1 Techno-Legal Regime 35
5.2.2 Training 35
5.2.3 Awareness 37
5.2.4 Developing Technical and Computer Aided 37
Databases
5.2.5 Knowledge Management 38
5.3 Current Projects/ Programmes 38
5.3.1 National School Safety Programme 38
5.3.2 School Safety Week 39
5.3.3 Disaster Risk Management Programme 39
Chapter 6 Earthquake Response & Relief 41

6.1 Levels of Disaster (L Concept) 41
6.2 Trigger Mechanism 41
6.3 Disaster Declaration 42
6.4 Incident Response System 43
6.5 Standard Operating Procedure for Earthquake 45
Response
6.6 Emergency Support Functions 50
6.7 Disaster Reporting and Assessments 53
6.7.1 Rapid Report 53
6.7.2 Preliminary Report 53
6.7.3 Detailed Report 53
6.7.4 Deactivation of the Process 53
6.8 Earthquake Relief Measures 53
6.8.1 Short Term Relief Measures 54
6.8.2 Interim Relief Measures 54
6.8.3 Relief Kits 55
6.8.4 Post Relief Assessment 55
Chapter 7 Earthquake Recovery 56

7.1 Detailed Damage and Need Assessment 56
7.2 Reconstruction Strategy 56
7.2.1 Repair and Restoration 57
7.2.2 Reconstruction 57
7.2.3 Relocation 58
7.3 Rehabilitation 58
7.3.1 Physical/ Structural Rehabilitation of Infrastructure 59
7.3.2 Socio- Economic Rehabilitation 59
7.3.3 Psychological Rehabilitation 59
7.4 Implementing Initiatives for Recovery of 59
Reconstruction Costs
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Chapter 8 Financial Arrangements 60

8.1 Funding Mechanism at Various Levels 60
8.1.1 Centre Level 60
8.1.2 State Level 60
8.1.3 Other Sources of Funds 61
8.2 Funds Disbursement and Audit 61
Chapter 9 Plan Maintenance 62

9.1 Plan Testing 62
9.2 Mock Exercise 63
9.3 Review & Updation of Plan 63
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Institutional Mechanism at National Level 04

Table 2.2 Institutional Mechanism at State Level 05
Table 3.1 Maximum Intensity Expected in Different Seismic Zones 11
Table 3.2 Status of Residential Households 15
Table 3.3 Status of Residential -cum-other use Households 15
Table 3.4 Earthquake Risk Analysis 18
Table 4.1 Structural and Non- Structural Earthquake Mitigation 21
Measures
Table 5.1 Capacity Building Measures 32
Table 5.2 Training for Various Stakeholders 36
Table 6.1 Levels of Disaster (L Concept) 41
Table 6.2 Standard Operating Procedure for Earthquake Response 45
Table 6.3 Emergency Support Functions 51
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Institutional Mechanism at State Level 07

Figure 3.1 Seismotectonic Features in Gujarat 12
Figure 3.2 Gujarat Earthquake Hazard Risk Zonation 13
Figure 3.3 Estimated Composite Capital Risk due to Earthquake (100 16
year return period)
Figure 3.4 Gujarat Composite Earthquake Risk Index (Cumulative Risk 18
Decile Classes)
Figure 6.1 Trigger Mechanism 41
Figure 6.2 Incident Response System 44
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Abbreviation
BIS Bureau of Indian Standard

BISAG Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics
BMTPC Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council
COR Commissioner of Relief
CWC Central Water Commission
CWCs Cyclone Warning Centres
DEOCs District Emergency Operation Centres
DM Disaster Management
EOC Emergency Operation Centre
ERCs Emergency Response Centres
GDCR General Development Control Regulations
GIDM Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management
GSDMA Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority
GSI Geological Survey of India
IDRN India Disaster Resource Network
IEC Information Education Communication
IMD Indian Meteorology Department
IRS Incident Response System
ISR Institute of Seismological Research
IS Indian Standard
MHA Ministry of Home Affairs
MLA Member of the Legislative Assembly
MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity
MoD Ministry of Defence
MP Member of Parliament
MSK Scale Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale,
MSZ Makran Subduction Zone
NCC National Cadet Corps
NDMA National Disaster Management Authority
NDRF National Disaster Response Force
NEIC National Earthquake Information Centre
NGO Non Government Organization
NGRI National Geophysical Research Institute
NIDM National institute of Disaster Management
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NSRA Nevada Seismic Research Affiliates

NSS National Service Scheme
PGA Peak Ground Acceleration
PMO Prime Minister’s Office
PS Principal Secretary
PSHA Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment
R & B Dept. Roads & buildings Department
R&R Rehabilitation & Reconstruction
SAR Search and Rescue
SCMC State Crisis Management Committee
SDMA State disaster Management Authority
SDRF State Disaster Response Force
SDRN State Disaster response Network
SEOC State Emergency Operation Centre
SOG Standard Operations Guide
UD & UHD Urban Development & Urban Housing Development
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Need of the Plan i) Substantially reduce global disaster
mortality by 2030, aiming to lower
Gujarat is located in the Himalayan
the average per 100,000 global
Collision Zone where Indo-Australian
mortality rate in the decade 2020-
tectonic plate slides under Eurasian
2030 compared to the period 2005-
Plate causing active fault lines
2015
beneath. The Vulnerability Atlas of
India (BMTPC, 1997) classifies Gujarat ii) Substantially reduce the number of
into four classes based on a base of affected people globally by 2030,
10.3 million buildings recorded in the aiming to lower the average global
1991 Census and BIS standard (IS: 1893 figure per 100,000 in the decade
1984). As per the classification 19% of 2020-2030 compared to the period
the total area in Gujarat is at a very 2005-2015
high risk for earthquake, i.e. seismic iii) Reduce direct disaster economic
zone V, 13% area of the state is at a loss in relation to global gross
high risk for earthquake, i.e. seismic domestic product (GDP) by 2030
zone IV, another 66% area of the state
iv) Substantially reduce disaster
is at a moderate risk for earthquake,
damage to critical infrastructure
i.e. seismic zone III and only 1% area of
and disruption of basic services,
the state is at a low risk for earthquake,
among them health and
i.e. seismic zone II.
educational facilities, including
Earthquake Management Plan covers through developing their resilience
all phases of earthquake by 2030
management right from mitigation,
v) Substantially increase the number
preparedness, emergency response,
of countries with national and local
relief to recovery. The plan discusses
disaster risk reduction strategies by
roles and responsibilities of each
2020
stakeholder and should be used as a
guide by all the concerned line vi) Substantially enhance international
departments to prepare their cooperation to developing
respective department to play these countries through adequate and
critical roles and responsibilities. sustainable support to complement
their national actions for
Earthquake Management Plan is also
implementation of this Framework
crucial to achieve the global targets
by 2030
under The Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. The vii) Substantially increase the
seven global targets are: availability of and access to multi
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hazard early warning systems and iv) To minimize the suffering of people
disaster risk information and due to earthquakes
assessments to the people by 2030 v) To develop efficient earthquake
response mechanism in the State.
1.2 Objectives of the Plan
vi) To enhance State’s resilience to
i) To reduce earthquake risks by
cope with the future earthquakes
reducing vulnerability of people
and better prepare the State
and infrastructure
Government and the line
ii) To build the capacity of all
departments for recovery,
stakeholders in the State to cope
reconstruction and rehabilitation
with the earthquakes
after the earthquakes
iii) To protect and minimize the loss of
lives and property/infrastructure
from earthquakes
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Chapter 2 Institutional
Mechanism
Disaster management structure is in across the entire disaster
place right from the national to local management cycle.
level. This institutional mechanism plays
a crucial role in all activities from 2.1 National Level
policy making to implementation
Agencies Roles & Responsibilities

National Disaster  Apex body in GoI for Disaster Management
Management Authority  Lays down policies, plans and guidelines for disaster
(NDMA) management
 Coordinates their enforcement and implementation
 Takes measures for the prevention, mitigation,
preparedness, capacity building or for dealing with a
disaster
 Oversees the provision and application of funds for
mitigation and preparedness measures
 Has power to authorize the departments or authorities
concerned, to make emergency procurement of
provisions or materials for rescue and relief
 Provides support to other countries in times of disasters
 States keeps in touch with the NDMA for
implementing various centrally funded projects /
schemes
 States appraises the NDMA about the action taken by
the State Government regarding preparation of DM
plans and implementation of guidelines issued by
NDMA for various hazards from time to time.
National Executive  Executive committee of the NDMA
Committee (NEC)  Assists the NDMA in the discharge of its functions and
also ensure compliance of the directions issued by the
Central Government
 Coordinates the response in the event of any
threatening disaster situation or disaster
 Monitors the implementation of guidelines issued by
NDMA
National Institute of  Develops and builds capacity through training,
Disaster Management research, documentation
(NIDM)  Develops national level information base
 Functions within the broad policies and guidelines laid
down by the NDMA
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National Disaster  Provides specialized response and emergency search
Response Force (NDRF) & rescue to a threatening disaster situation
 The general superintendence, direction and control
of this force is vested in and exercised by the NDMA
 Command and supervision of the force is vested in
the Director General of Civil Defence and National
Disaster Response Force
 Comprises 10 battalions and 4 battalions are
equipped and trained to respond to situations arising
out of CBRN emergencies
 Imparts basic training to all the stakeholders identified
by the state governments in their respective locations
Agencies providing Early  Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Warning Information o Monitors weather of Indian subcontinent and
provides forecasting and other weather services
o During the cyclone and flood seasons, the State
Government keeps close contact with the IMD –
Ahmedabad office for weather related forecasts
o Immediately reports to state government all
earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 and above on
Richter Scale occurring in the state
 Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

(INCOIS)
o Under Ministry of Earth Sciences, GoI
o Provides the coastal and ocean information
services, supporting developmental and
operational sectors like ports, fisheries, shipping,
meteorology, environment, off shore and coastal
zone management and promotes advanced
oceanographic research in the country
o Provides early warning system for Tsunami
o Disseminates critical parameters including wind,
wave current, mixed layer depth, heat budget
and maps on coral reef, mangroves, shore line
change and land use pattern, tracks oil spills, etc.
Table 2.1: Institutional Mechanism at National Level
2.2 State Level Disaster Management Authority

(GSDMA) is designated as the nodal
The Revenue Department is primarily
agency for formulation of policies,
responsible for emergency response
long-term planning, coordination and
and relief (DM Act - Section 12(2 (b)) in
monitoring body for mitigation,
the State, while the Gujarat State
reduction and preparedness for
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disasters in the State. As per the before, during and after earthquake
Gujarat State Disaster Management rests with the Commissioner of Relief in
Act, 2003, the responsibility for initiation conjunction with other relevant
and execution of emergency government departments.
preparedness and response measures
Gujarat State  Promotes an integrated and coordinated system of disaster
Disaster management including prevention or mitigation of disaster by
Management the State, local authorities, stakeholders and communities.
Authority  Collect/cause to be collected data on all aspects of disasters
(GSDMA) and disaster management and analyze it and further cause
and conduct research and study relating to the potential
effects of events that may result in disasters.
 Acts as a repository of information concerning disasters and
disaster management
 Lays down the policies and plans for disaster management in
the State.
 Promotes or causes to promote awareness and preparedness,
advices and trains the community and stakeholders
Gujarat Institute  Provides training related to disaster management in close
of Disaster coordination with NIDM.
Management  Undertakes activities for human resource development, public
(GIDM) education and community awareness, safety etc. in disaster
education and management
State Fire &  Provides crucial immediate response during any disaster
Emergency  Provides regular training to the fire staff in using and
Services maintaining the equipment
State Crisis  Apex body in the state to deal with major chemical accidents
Group and to provide expert guidance for the same
 Review all district off-site emergency plans in the State with a
(In case of view to examine its adequacy in accordance with the
earthquake Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals,
triggers any Rules and forward a report to the Central Crisis Group once in
chemical or three months
industrial  Assist the State Government in the planning, preparedness
incident) and mitigation of major chemical accidents in state
 Continuously monitor the post accident situation arising out of
a major chemical accident in the State and forward a report
to the Central Crisis Group
Composition of State Crisis Group in mentioned annexure 3
Institute of  Engaged in dedicated seismological research

Seismological  Monitors seismic activity of Gujarat round the clock through a
Research (ISR) dense network of 50 broadband seismograph station (20
connected by VSAT) and 50 Strong Motion Accelerograph in
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Gujarat
 Reports earthquake location along with magnitudes within 10
minutes of the arrival of seismic waves
 Engaged in seismic micro-zonation of areas prone to
earthquakes
 Provide consultancy services to various private companies in
feasibility studies related to seismicity of the area prior to
establishing a major project
Bhaskaracharya  State level nodal agency to facilitate the use of spatial and
Institute for geo-spatial technologies for the planning and developmental
Space activities pertaining to agriculture, land and water resource
Applications management, wasteland development, watershed
and Geo- development, forestry, disaster management, infrastructure
Informatics and education.
(BISAG)  Provides specialized services and solutions in implementing
map-based Geo-Spatial Information Systems.
 Provides GIS solutions for disaster management and
specialized needs of Public Safety agencies like police, fire
and ambulance services.
 Provides e-governance solutions to address varying GIS and
MIS needs of governments and municipal corporations.
Table 2.2: Institutional Mechanism at State Level
In the aftermath of 2001 earthquake in

the state, the focus of the government
has broadened to include earthquake
risk reduction, mitigation and
preparedness also, along with
response & relief. New institutions are
now being set up in the state to deal
with disasters in general and
earthquakes in particular. An initiative
to strengthen the SEOC, DEOCs and
TEOCs has also been taken up. The
state level earthquake management
structure is as under:
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Figure 2.1: Institutional Mechanism at State Level
2.2.1 State Emergency Operation for video-conferencing facility, State

Centre (SEOC) alert & warning room, room for
Hon’ble Ministers and officers,
The new State Emergency Control
chamber for Relief Commissioner,
Centre (SEOC) has been made
chamber for Director of Relief, facility
functional with critical facilities management room, conference
including display room, media room, room, staff sitting room and
VIP Conference Room (with provision
department room.
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The SEOC compound also has utilities under the District Collector at the
like garden, fire fighting system, district level. It is the nerve centre to
parking, generator room (160 KVA), support, co-ordinate and monitor the
security cabin and main gates, water disaster management activities at the
harvesting system, sump room and district level. In a disaster situation, the
electric and transformed room (315 EOC will come under the direct
KVA). control of Chief Secretary or any other
person designated by the Chief
Each room has been provided with air
Secretary as Chief of Operations.
conditioning system and CCTV
cameras. The main building also c) Functions of EOC
consists of announcing system, fire 1. Receive, monitor, and assess
extinguishers, smoke detectors and disaster information
sensors. 2. Monitor, assess, and track response
units and resource requests
a) Activation of EOC
3. Proclaim local emergencies as
The EOC is a nodal point for the overall
needed
coordination and control of relief work.
4. Provide direction and
In case of an L1 disaster the DEOC will
management for EOC operations
be activated and in case of an L2
through set priorities and establish
disaster SEOC will be activated along
strategies
with the DEOC.
5. Coordinate operations of all
b) Command & Control of EOCs responding units, including law
The EOC, its system, and procedures enforcement, fire, medical, logistics
are designed in such a way that 6. Augment comprehensive
information can be promptly assessed emergency communication from
and relayed to concerned parties. EOC to any field operation when
Immediate dissemination of needed or appropriate
information contributes to quick 7. Maintain EOC security and access
response and effective decision- control
making during emergency. Being the 8. Keep senior, subordinate and
main coordination and control point tenant officials informed
for all disaster specific efforts, the EOC 9. Keep local jurisdictions
is the place of decision-making, under (Village/town/City, district and
a unified command. State) informed
10. Operate a message centre to log
The EOC in normal circumstances will
and post all key disaster
work under the supervision of Relief
information
Commissioner at the State level and
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11. Develop and disseminate warnings provide multi-hazard emergency

and instructions response to L2 events.
2.2.2 Emergency Response
District Collector/ Municipal
Centres (ERCs)
Commissioner will request the
In order to have speedy response in
assistance from the ERC team as soon
search & rescue and relief, GSDMA
as they have established that district
have established ERCs at five strategic
resources are insufficient to deal with
locations of the state viz.
the emergency situation at hand. They
Gandhinagar, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat
will issue instructions regarding exact
and Gandhidham. The ERCs are
quantum of resources (manpower,
equipped with trained manpower and
equipments and essential items from
state-of-art equipments to provide
key departments/ stakeholders) that is
support to the District EOCs if the
required, type of assistance to be
situation becomes worse and goes
provided, time limit within which
beyond their control. ERCs will
assistance is needed, and detail of
perform response related activities
other task/response forces through
and increase the preparedness
which coordination should take place.
through capacity building.
2.3 District and Local Level
a) Activation of ERC
At district level, nodal centre for
ERC will get activated in case of :
coordination and communication is
1. An event is or has the potential to District Emergency Operation Centre
becoming an L2 disaster ; or (DEOC). There are 26 District
2. Specialist rescue operation is Emergency Operation Centers
required; or (DEOCs) in the state. DEOC gets fully
3. There are insufficient local activated in case of L1 emergency.
emergency rescue resources Command & control and functions of
DEOC are similar to that of SEOC.
b) Command & Control
District and Local Crisis Groups are in
The ERCs work under the direct control
place in case of any chemical disaster
of Commissioner of Relief (CoR) during
triggered by earthquake. Composition
response time and under respective
of the same is mentioned in annexure
Municipal Corporation during peace
4 & 5 respectively.
time. The ERC is the instrument to
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Chapter 3 Earthquake
Hazard, Vulnerability,
Capacity & Risk Analysis
3.1 Understanding Earthquake scale. The earthquake magnitude is
3.1.1 Earthquake determined by use of a seismograph,
an instrument that continuously
An earthquake is a series of vibrations
records ground vibrations. An increase
on the earth’s surface caused by the
of one unit represents an increase of
generation of elastic (seismic) waves
ground shaking by ten times and
due to sudden rupture within the earth
energy released by thirty two times.
during release of accumulated strain
Generally, earthquakes of magnitude
energy.
greater than 5 cause damages while
The point on the fault where slip starts major earthquakes measure 7 or more
is the Focus or Hypocenter and the on Richter scale.
point vertically above this on the
b) Intensity
surface of the Earth is the Epicenter.
The depth of focus from the epicenter, Intensity is a qualitative measure of the
called as Focal Depth, is an important actual shaking at a location during an
parameter in determining the earthquake and is assigned Roman

capital numerals. There are many
damaging potential of an earthquake.
intensity scales. Two commonly used
Distance from epicenter to any point
ones are the Modified Mercalli
of interest is called epicentral
Intensity (MMI) Scale and the
distance.
Medvedev Sponheuer Karnik (MSK)
3.1.2 Earthquake Predictions Scale. Both scales are quite similar and
While the probability of an earthquake range from I (least perceptive) to XII
can be roughly estimated, there is no (most severe). The intensity scales are
accepted method at present to based on three features of shaking –
predict the time and intensity of perception by people and animals,
earthquake. performance of buildings and
changes to natural surroundings.
3.1.3 Earthquake Measurement
a) Magnitude The probable maximum intensity
Magnitude is a measure of amount of expected in different seismic zones in
energy released in an earthquake. It is the State is described in the table
most commonly measured on Richter below:
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Seismic Magnitude Probable Probable Impact

Zone Max. Intensity
II Below 4.5 VI Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy
furniture moved; a few instances of fallen
plaster. Damage slight.
III 4.5 – 5.5 VII Damage negligible in buildings of good design
and construction; slight to moderate in well-
built ordinary structures; considerable damage
in poorly built or badly designed structures;
some chimneys broken.
IV 5.5 - 6 VIII Damage slight in specially designed structures;
considerable damage in ordinary substantial
buildings with partial collapse. Damage great
in poorly built structures. Fall of chimneys,
factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls.
Heavy furniture overturned
V 6 or higher IX or Higher Damage considerable in specially designed
structures; well-designed frame structures
thrown out of plumb. Damage great in
substantial buildings, with partial collapse.
Buildings shifted off foundations.
Table 3.1: Maximum Intensity Expected in Different Seismic Zones
3.1.4 Impacts of Earthquake
Earthquakes results in primary, Apart from these, earthquake impacts

secondary and tertiary impacts. routine services due to the damage
Primary impacts include surface caused to lifeline buildings, roads,
vibration, surface rupture and railway tracks, bridges, highways,
displacement along the fault plane, disruption of traffic, large amount of
total or partial damage and collapse debris, disruption of water supply and
of buildings, dams, tunnels, pipelines electricity, etc.
and other rigid structures.
Tertiary impact of earthquake includes
Secondary impacts of earthquake Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD),
include liquefaction, landslides, fire, long term psychological issues, loss of
tsunami and floods, regional livelihood, disruption of social capital
subsidence or emergence of due to relocation related issues, etc.
landmass, change in course of river,
3.2 Earthquake Hazard Analysis
changes in ground water level, etc.
(Gujarat)
Most of the deaths by earthquake are
caused mainly due to building The Vulnerability Atlas of India (BMTPC,
collapse, falling debris, broken glass 1997) presents a series of national and
panes. Earthquakes also lead to minor state-level maps earthquake hazard
and severe injuries, loss of limbs, etc. (at 1:2.5 million scale). The earthquake
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hazard risk for Gujarat has been northern coastal Saurashtra and north
classified into four categories based Gujarat fall into the High Damage Risk
on a base of 10.3 million buildings zone. Kutch is framed by a series of
recorded in the 1991 Census and BIS semi-parallel neo-tectonic faults that
standard (IS: 1893 1984). extends north to south from the
famous Allahbund Fault, through the
As per the Vulnerability Atlas, the area Island Belt Fault, the Kutch Mainland
in Gujarat that falls into seismic (MSK Fault, the Katrol-Bhuj Fault, the Wagad
Intensity Scale) zones is as below: Fault and the North Kathiawar Fault.
• Very High Risk: >MSK IX (19 percent)
• High: MSK VIII (13 percent) Urban centres that are located near
• Moderate MSK VII (66 percent) neotectonic Fault in Gujarat include:
• Low Damage: less than or equal to Bhuj (Katrol Bhuj Fault), Jamnagar
MSK VI (1 percent) (Kathiawar Fault), Bhavnagar
(Marginal Fault 1 of the Cambay
All of Kutch is classified under the Very Basin), Bharuch (Narmada-Son Fault),
High Damage Risk Zone while parts of Valsad (West Coast Fault).
Figure 3.1: Seismotectonic Features in Gujarat
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The Anjar Earthquake of 1956 and the PGA zonation for return period of 25,
Kutch Earthquake of 2001 are among 50, 100 and 200 years. This zonation is
major earthquakes Gujarat has faced typically used for design of houses
in recent past. The 2001 Kutch which would have mean design
earthquake was the third largest and service life of 25, 50, 100 and 200 years
second most destructive earthquake respectively.
in India over the last two centuries.
Accordingly, the estimated mean
GSDMA had undertaken a study on Taluka PGA (in g) zonation for a 100-
Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability year return period is presented in the
Assessment of the State and figure 3.2.
developed maps for mean Taluka
Figure 3.2: Gujarat Earthquake Hazard Risk Zonation
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Based on the above figure, all of physical vulnerability is related to

Kutch, almost the entire coastline of geographical location, structural
northern Saurashtra that adjoins Kutch vulnerability is a function of social and
and a small area in Patan district fall economical conditions.
into the very severe intensity zone over
3.3.1 Physical Vulnerability
a 100-year return period. This closely
follows the pattern of damage that Based on the classifications of
was observed in the 2001 Kutch Vulnerability Atlas of India (BMTPC,
earthquake. The severe intensity zone 1997), 19% of the total area in Gujarat
extends in a broad sweep from north lies in seismic zone V with very high risk
Gujarat, through central Gujarat and for earthquake, 13% area of the state
much of central Saurashtra. The cities is at a high risk for earthquake, i.e.
of Ahmedabad, Baruch, Rajkot, and seismic zone IV, another 66% area of
Bhavnagar falls into the severe the state is at a moderate risk for
intensity zone, while Bhuj and earthquake, i.e. seismic zone III and
Jamnagar fall in the very severe only 1% area of the state is at a low risk
intensity zone over this time frame. for earthquake, i.e. seismic zone II.
The boundaries of key structural Thus areas lying in seismic zone IV and
features emerge in this zonation map V have high physical vulnerability to

earthquakes compared to areas lying
with the broad boundaries of the
in other seismic zones.
Cambay Graben and the eastern hilly
region emerging due a mix of the 3.3.2 Structural Vulnerability
influence of active faults, distance
Structural Vulnerability is dependent
from historical events and ground
on various factors like design of
amplification due to the deep
structure, type and quality of material
alluvium within the basins. The eastern used, type of constructions, age of
hilly region of Gujarat, consisting of structure, etc.
stable Granatoids and Basalt, has
According to the Gujarat Hazard Risk
relatively low estimated intensities – a
& Vulnerability Atlas (2005), the bulk of
departure from seismic zonation under earthquake risk to buildings in Gujarat
the current revision of IS: 1893. is to residential buildings because of
the large share (87%) of these building
3.3 Earthquake Vulnerability in the stock. The mean loss across all
Analysis end-use categories is estimated at 11%
with a concentration in the highly risk
In case of earthquake, there is a major prone talukas of Kachchh, Saurashtra
interplay of structural, physical, social and major urban centres. The highest
and economical vulnerability. While proportional loss is to RCC on brick
14
buildings (38%) followed by tile on and other safety guidelines have not
brick (17%), tile on earth (16%), CGI been followed.
and ACC roofs (9%) and RCC on stone
8%). Structural vulnerability is more for areas
with high physical vulnerability. Thus
As per Census 2011, the material of
during development and planning of
roof and walls of housing varies widely
new infrastructure, geographical
and include grass/ thatch/ bamboo,
mud/unburnt brick, wood, stone, burnt location of the site should also be
bricks, concrete, etc. Thus depending considered along with other factors.
on the type of material of housing,
As per Census 2011, the following is the
structural vulnerability is further
state of housing in Gujarat:
increased if the proper building codes
Total Good Livable Dilapidated
Total 1,17,67,057 79,73,324 36,11,222 1,82,511
Rural 64,36,493 38,87,921 24,12,055 1,36,517
Urban 53,30,564 40,85,403 11,99,167 45,994
Table 3.2: Status of Residential Households
Total Good Livable Dilapidated

Total 4,14,661 2,19,852 1,90,185 4,624
Rural 3,28,910 1,60,663 1,64,322 3,925
Urban 85,751 59,189 25,863 699
Table 3.3: Status of Residential-cum-other use Households
3.3.3 Social Vulnerability Apart from SC/ST, other socially

Social vulnerability is interplay of vulnerable groups are women,
multiple factors like castes, religion, children, differently-abled, old age
language, tribe, etc. Due to these persons, etc.
factors, the socially vulnerable groups
Disasters impact not only housing of
are often forced to live and work in
these socially vulnerable groups but
conditions of compromised safety like
also impact their social relations,
unsafe and cheap housing, hazardous
livelihood, thus impacting their access
occupation, etc. Population residing
and affordability to various services like
or working or using unsafe or weak
health, education, etc.
structures (housing, schools, offices,
hospitals, old bridges, flyover, etc.) is 3.3.4 Economical Vulnerability
vulnerable to building collapse in case
Gujarat has many economically
of earthquake or otherwise too.
vulnerable groups. They have limited
The state comprises of 40,74,447 resources for daily basic needs. The
schedule caste persons and a total of structures they dwell in are mostly not
8,917,174 tribal populations as per safe enough to face hazards. Thus the
limited resources they have are highly
Census 2011.
prone to loss and damage in case of
15
any disaster. Economically weaker commercial houses, factories,

sections of the society are forced to corporate, etc. Manufacturing sector
opt for cheaper housing, cheaper contributes significantly to the state
material and practices of construction GDP. Also many fuel pipelines also
which adds to their structural cross the state. Considering the seismic
vulnerability to building collapse and profile of the state, any significant
earthquakes. damage to the state infrastructure
can cause a major economical set
These groups include BPL and back to the state and would take its
antoadhya households. According to development many year back.
Census 2011, Gujarat has a total of
247.68 lakhs workers, out of which Different sectors of economy like
around 17.8 % are marginal workers. transport, trade and commerce, real
Gujarat also has around 3.46 lakhs of estate, etc. are also vulnerable due to
slum households and around 1.4 lakhs seismic profile of the state. Thus any
of houseless population. All these damage to related sector or any part
groups are economically vulnerable of supply chain can have serious
and have limited financial capacity to impact on economy of the state.
recover from disaster loss. Figure 3.3 depicts composite capital
risk to various parts of Gujarat due to
Gujarat being developed and
earthquake (return period 100 years)
industrialised, is a hub of important
as per 2001 prices.
Figure 3.3: Estimated Composite Capital Risk due to Earthquake (100 year return period)
16
3.4 Earthquake Capacity Analysis Trainings are regularly conducted at

state level by GSDMA, GIDM, SPIPA
Capacity includes all such resources
and other departmental training
human, equipments, infrastructure, etc
institutes. Trainings are also delivered
that aid in responding to any phase of
at district level under Disaster Risk
disaster management.
Management Programme. These
A comprehensive database of disaster trainings include trainings on search
management related inventory is and rescue, first responders, EOC
essential for an organized response. management, architect and
Lack of proper and adequate engineer’s training for safe
information hampers and delays timely construction, flood rescue and many
response during golden hours. other training of trainers also. This has
GSDMA created a web based portal created a large trained human
named State Disaster Resource resource both in district and at state
Network (SDRN) which contains a level. Details are mentioned in
database of resources at the Village, annexure 1 as part of Trained Human
Taluka, City and District level which Resources.
can come in handy during disaster 3.4.2 Equipment
situations. SDRN, a decision support
Over the years GSDMA has provided
tool, is layered using the existing IT
various fire fighting, search & rescue
Wide Area Network (WAN) of the State
and other emergency equipment to
- GSWAN. From 2015 SDRN has been
District Collectorate, Municipal
upgraded into a map-based Geo
Corporations, ERCs and Municipalities,
Spatial Information Systems developed
etc. The detail of same in mentioned
by the Gujarat based organization
in annexure 2.
Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space
Applications and Geo-Informatics 3.5 Earthquake Risk Analysis
(BISAG). Currently, the SDRN network is
As per Gujarat Hazard Risk &
being integrated with the GIS based
Vulnerability Atlas 2005, the main
Decision Support System.
sectors contributing to composite
SRDN could be accessed by earthquake risk include: Animal
registered users at Husbandry, Manufacturing, Trade &
http://117.239.205.164/sdrnguj/ Hospitality, Building construction,
3.4.1 Human Resources Roads & Bridges, Electricity and Port &
Airports.
Staff and officials of various line
departments form a huge human The Composite Earthquake risk to
resource for various critical functions in capital asset is largely on account of
both pre and post disaster phase. List damage to buildings, plant and
of various emergency contacts and machinery with a significant impact on
contact of various line departments building construction sector
are mentioned in annexure 1. (residential and commercial,
manufacturing and institutional
17
buildings), manufacturing and trade interruption in manufacturing sector

and hospitality sectors. However, the apart from a moderate loss of revenue
Composite GVA risk also includes the in the power sector due to network
revenue losses due to business dislocation.
Figure 3.4: Gujarat Composite Earthquake Risk Index (Cumulative Risk Decile Classes)
Almost whole State (except some part risk and moderate risk zone as
of Dahod district) is categorized into mentioned in table 3.4.
three zones namely highest risk, high
Risk Ranking District Taluka

Highest Risk Kutch Gandhidham, Rapar, Bhachau, Anjar, Bhuj
Zone (30 to
Morbi Morbi
18

32) Patan Santalpur
Banaskantha Bhabhar
Ahemdabad Sanand, Ahemdabad
Anand Petlad, Borsad, Anklav
High Risk Zone Kutch Absada (Naliya), Mundra
(27 to 30)
Morbi Halvad, Maliya
Botad Barvala
Jamnagar Jodiya
Amreli Jafrabad
Bhavnagar Bhavnagar
Ahmedabad Detroj, Viramgam, Bavla, Mandal, Daskroi
Mehsana Bechraji, Kadi, Unjha, Vadnagar, Visnagar,
Kheralu
Banaskantha Vav, Tharad, Deodar, Kankrej (Sirohi)
Patan Radhanpur, Harij
Anand Anand, Tarapur, Sojitra, Khambhat
Vadodara Vadodara, Padra, Karjan, Sinor
Bharuch Bharuch, Ankleshwar
Surat Kamrej, Surat, Chorasi, Palsana, Bardoli, Olpad
Navsari Navsari, Jalalpore, Gandevi
Valsad Valsad
Moderate Risk Bharuch Jambusar, Amod, Vagara, Hansot, Valiya,
Zone (23 to Jagadia
27)
Vadodara Dabhoi, Sankheda, Vadhodiya Nasvadi, Savli
Ahmedabad Dholka, Ranpur, Dhandhuka
Surat Mangrol, Valod, Mahuva, Vyara, Mandvi,
Songadh, Umarpada
Patan Vagdod, Chanasma, Sami, Patan, Siddhpur
Mehsana Mehsana, Satalasana, Vijapur
Navsari Chikhali, Vansada
Kutch Nakhtrana, Lakhpat, Mandvi
Surendranagar Dhrangadhra, Chuda, Limbdi, Dashada,
Lakhtar, Wadhwan
19

Amreli Rajula
Anand Umreth
Valsad Pardi, Umargam, Dharampur, Kaparada
Gir Somnath Sutrapada, Kodinar, Veraval
Junagadh Mangrols
Kheda Kheda, Matar, Nadiad, Mahudha, Thasara,
Kanthal, Mahemdabad
Mahisagar Balasinor
Jamnagar Jamnagar, Dhrol, Lalpur
Devbhumi Okha, Khambhaliya
Dwarka
Porbandar Porbandar
Bhavnagar Ghogha, Talaja, Mahuva, Vallabhipur, Umrala,
Sihor
Rajkot Paddhari, Rajkot
Morbi Tankara
Banaskantha Deesa, Palanpur, Dhanera, Vadgam,
Dantivada
Gandhinagar Dehgam, Mansa
Sabarkantha Himatnagar, Talod
Arvalli Dhansura, Bayad
Panchmahals Kalol
Narmada Tilakwada
Table 3.4: Earthquake Risk Analysis
Source: Based on BIS, IS: 1893 (Part-1): 2002
20
Chapter 4 Earthquake Mitigation

Mitigation would remain the key and structural measures refer to awareness
the most effective strategy to reduce and education, policies techno-legal
the risks of earthquake. Broadly systems and practices, training,
mitigation strategies are twofold: capacity development etc.
structural and non-structural.
The structural and non-structural
Structural mitigation measures prevention/mitigation measures for the
generally refer to capital investment earthquake hazard are mentioned
on physical constructions or other below:
development works, which include
4.1 Structural and Non-structural
engineering measures and
Earthquake Mitigation Measures
construction of hazard resistant and
protective structures and other
protective infrastructure. Non-
Task Activities Responsibility
Structural Measures
Land Use  To undertake micro-zonation study  Revenue Dept.
Planning according to priority area  COR
 To provide or make available seismic  Science &
micro-zonation map Technology Dept.
 Provide vulnerability and risk  ISR
assessment map  GSDMA
Development  Enactment of building codes and  UD & UHD Dept.
and Enactment construction standards  Panchayat & Rural
of Building  Enforcement of codes / Land use Housing Dept
Codes and regulations  R & B Dept.
Standards o Restricting development activity in  Municipal
highly seismic risk zone Commissioners
o Shifting of economic activities to  All line Dept.
less risk areas
o Compliance with land use
ordinances
 Amendment of Town Planning Act
and development of regulations to
include seismic building codes and
standards
 Amendment in Panchayats Act, Rules
and bye-laws
 Revision of General Development
Control Regulations (GDCR)
21

Earthquake  To develop earthquake resistant  Revenue Dept.,
Resistance design features for the construction of  COR
Design for public utility structures
 R & B Dept.
Different  To develop earthquake resistant
Seismic Zones  Panchayat & Rural
design features for the construction of
Housing Dept
residential structures
 To develop and promote earthquake-
resistant construction in rural and semi-
urban areas
 To provide earthquake resistant design
for incorporating in different types of
structures to the line departments
 To develop earthquake resistant
design features for the housing
constructed under various
government schemes (i.e. Indira Awas
Yojana, etc.)
Retrofitting of  Create a database of existing  Revenue Dept.
Existing structure in the State  R & B Dept.
Structure o Public  UD & UHD Dept.
o Private  Panchayat & Rural
 Identify the available resources Housing Dept
 Identify structures that require
retrofitting
 Prepare a scheme/programme for
retrofitting
 Prioritising structures especially,
critical/lifeline structures
Removal of  Inventory of unsafe buildings  Revenue Dept
Unsafe  Identify the potential loss due to  UD & UHD
Buildings removal of building  Panchayats, RD &
 Formulate suitable financial/assistance RHD Dept
packages  Finance Dept
 Empowering the implementing  RD Dept
agencies to execute the task.  R & B Dept
 Local Self Govt.
Monitoring of  Establish seismological network and  Science &
Seismic round the clock monitoring Technology Dept.
Activities  Dissemination of information and  ISR
reporting  IMD
 Conduct seismological research  CWC
22

Non-Structural Measures
Planning  Establish Techno-legal regime for  Revenue Dept.
ensuring compliance of earthquake-  COR
resistant design and construction
 All line depts.
practices in all new constructions
 Dist. Collectors
 Prepare earthquake management
plan  Municipal
Commissioners
o Prepare departmental action plan
and SOP for earthquake hazard  Disaster Mamlatdar
o Conduct mock drills at regular
intervals
o Update the plan as per the
requirement
o Monitor similar activities at district
& taluka level
Capacity  Develop earthquake hazard IEC  Revenue Dept.
Building materials for Publication & Distribution  COR
 Organize training programmes,  GSDMA/GIDM
seminars and workshops
 Information Dept.
 Include disaster related topics in
 Education Dept.
School and college curriculum
 Finance Dept./ UD
 Encourage favourable taxation/
& UHD
incentive
Dept./Panchayat &
 Development of Rapid Visual Rural Housing Dept.
Screening procedures and Detailed
Vulnerability Assessment
Awareness  To disseminate earthquake risk to  GSDMA
general public residing in earthquake  Information Dept.
prone zones
 Media campaign for awareness
generation in general public
Community  Strengthening capacity of local self  Revenue Dept.
Based Disaster government entities to understand  COR
Management local vulnerability and risk,
 GSDMA
earthquake prevention needs,
preparedness and response  UD & UHD
capabilities through participatory Dept./Panchayat &
approach Rural Housing Dept.
Encourage  Include earthquake engineering  Education Dept.

Earthquake topics in curriculum  GIDM
Engineering  Provide professional training about  R & B Dept.
earthquake resistance construction to  GSDMA
engineers and architects
23

 Provide training to masons  UD & UHD Dept.
 Encourage soil and material testing in Science & Tech.
laboratories Dept.
Safety Audit  Carrying out structural safety audit of  Revenue Dept.,
all critical lifeline structures  R & B Dept.
 Regular conduction of Fire Safety  UD & UHD Dept
Audits and Electrical Safety Audits  Panchayat & Rural
 Licensing and certification of Housing Dept.
professionals  Other line Dept.
 Compliance review by professionals of
PRIs and ULBs
Promoting  Identification and encouragement of  Finance Dept
Insurance as Insurance Agencies  Directorate of
Risk Transfer  Launching of suitable general Insurance
Mechanism
insurance schemes with the standard  GSDMA
premium structure  Other line
 Sensitization of government depts., departments
and community to undertake
insurance
 Instituting incentives for promoting
insurance
 Legislation on compulsory insurance
cover in high risks areas
Incentives for  Identification of safer site and land  Revenue Dept
Future development  UD & UHD
Developments  Acquisition of site  Panchayats, Rural
on Safer Sites  Providing infrastructure on new site Housing & Rural
 Planning for new site Development Dept
 Distribution of land to beneficiaries  Finance Dept
 Assistance (Loans & Subsidies) to  R & B Dept
beneficiaries to ensure safer  Information and
construction Broadcasting Dept.
 Monitoring quality of construction
 Promoting Insurance
 Favourable taxation
Table 4.1: Structural and Non-structural Earthquake Mitigation Measures
24
Preparedness & Capacity Building
5.1 Preparedness Measures take necessary steps to be
From the experience of 2001 Kutch prepared for all probable disasters
Earthquake, thinking in management 4. Facilitate timely procurement
of disasters has undergone a quantum related to disaster management of
change in the state. As per the current materials, equipment and services
thinking and policy of the state in connection with the disaster
government, it is recognized that management and ensure their

quality
disaster management is a multi-
5. Ensure preparation,
agency, multi-department and multi-
implementation timely updation of
level activity. Now, the state
earthquake management plans by
government also pro-actively focuses
respective State Departments,
on prevention and preparedness.
local authorities, communities and
The key stakeholders at state level and stakeholders.
the respective preparedness measures
to be undertaken by them are 5.1.2 Departments of the State
discussed below. Government
a. Agriculture & Cooperation
5.1.1 State Government Department
The state government shall: 1. Formulate a trained team for
1. Ensure that appropriate policies assessing damage to crops, soil
and guidelines are developed for and other agricultural damage
earthquake management
b. Animal Husbandry Department
2. Ensure that the State Administration
1. Prepare a database of veterinary
and local authorities take into
hospitals, clinics and agencies
consideration the guidelines laid
working for animals
down by GSDMA and other
2. Identify source for procurement of
authorities while planning its
fodder
activities
3. Identify safe locations for cattle
3. Ensure that State Government,
camps
GSDMA, Heads of Government
4. Ensure proper transportation
Departments, COR, District
facilities for sick or critically injured
Collectors and local authorities
animals
25
5. Identify space for burial of dead 3. Enlist godowns and cold storage
animals facilities, refrigerated transportation
vehicles present in the state along
c. Civil Aviation Department
with their storage capacities and
1. Ensure that sites for helipads are
facilities available
identified across the state as per
4. Enlist private retailers and
the laid guidelines
wholesale dealers of food items
d. Education Department and packaged drinking water
1. Organise camps in school and 5. Enlist available kerosene depots,
colleges for awareness of do-s and petrol pumps, CNG pumps, diesel
don’t s for earthquakes depots, LPG agencies, etc.
2. Ensure preparation of disaster
g. Health & Family Welfare
management plans and first aid kits
Department
in all schools and colleges
1. Develop plan for hospital
3. Identify safe schools and colleges
preparedness and mass casualty
which can be used as relief shelters
management
for short duration of time in
2. Prepare a database of registered
aftermath of any earthquake
private hospitals, clinics, diagnostic
e. Fire & Emergency Services labs, blood banks, etc. along with
1. Ensure proper maintenance and their capacities and facilities
functioning of all fire fighting provided
equipments and personal 3. Establish paramedic cadre through
protection equipments training programmes and accredit
2. Prepare a database of private fire / license them
fighting agencies and their 4. Recognize and accredit trauma
resources centres
3. Keep vigil regarding MAH units and 5. Establish statewide medical
other hazardous installations in the emergency access number
state and prepare for possible 6. Ensure authentic medical
emergency situation database enlisting public and

private facilities available in the
f. Food & Civil Supplies state. This includes details of
Department manpower, logistics, medical
1. Prepare for structural and fire equipments, medicines, antidotes,
safety of godowns personal protective equipments,
2. Prepare for out movement of disinfectant, vaccines, etc.
stored food grains to a pre- 7. Standardize and license
identified safer location ambulance services
26
8. Ensure availability of adequate as to avoid and manage rumours

supply of life saving equipments with help of various media
and drugs, portable supplies like
j. Narmada, Water Resources,
portable oxygen cylinders,
Water Supply & Kalpsar
portable x-ray machines, triage
Department
tags, etc.
1. Ensure proper early warning
9. Formulate trained medical first
mechanism for flood in case of
responder
damage to dam due to erthquake
10. Prepare trained psychological and
2. Ensure proper functioning of all
psychosocial care teams
11. Impart training to manpower for equipments including dewatering
emergency services pumps
12. Ensure proper and safe 3. Prepare for arrangement of safe

management of medical waste drinking water supply for
community in the affected areas,
h. Industrial Safety And Health
relief camps and shelters
1. Create awareness for health &
4. Prepare for prompt repair of
safety for workers and factory
pipelines supplying potable water
management
5. Ensure availability of adequate
2. Make a database of MAH units
number of water tankers, drums,
and hazardous installations in the
jerry cans or identify their private
state and their safety officers
suppliers to prepare for supply of
3. Ensure preparation of onsite
water, in scarcity period and in
emergency management plan by
emergency
all industrial units
6. Ensure availability of water supply/
4. Prepare a database of suppliers/
filling points for fire tenders, water
manufactures of antidotes for
cannons, hospitals and other
hazardous chemicals
necessary life saving infrastructure
i. Information Department
1. Display verified Information k. Police Department
Education and Communication 1. Ensure proper functioning of all
(IEC) materials for mass equipment and vehicles
dissemination and awareness 2. Prepare for quick deployment of
among the public Home Guards and volunteers for
2. Prepare a database of popular providing safety to affected
media channels and media population and evacuated
persons (both print and electronic) structures/ houses
3. Ensure proper mechanism/ 3. Prepare plan for crowd and rumour
channels for addressing public so management
27
4. Train police personnel and staff of base of availability of the same

PCR van in first aid and basic life with private agencies also
support 2. Prepare for prompt clearance of
5. Prepare communication plan for debris in aftermath of earthquake
uninterrupted communication to all 3. Prepare the demolishing squad for
police posts and various control prompt demolition of unsafe
room and emergency operation buildings post disaster
centres across the state 4. Prepare for prompt clearing and
repairing of damaged roads,
l. Port & Transport Department
culverts, bridges and flyovers
1. Ensure proper functioning of filling
5. Ensure prompt construction of new
station, vehicles and equipment
temporary roads for diverting traffic
2. Prepare for prompt deployment of
from the affected area
vehicles at short notice for various
6. Prepare for construction of
purposes like mass evacuation,
temporary facilities like that of
transportation of response teams,
medical post, temporary shelters,
relief items, victims, etc.
etc at short notice.
3. Prepare mechanical team for
7. Prepare for prompt establishment
prompt repair of equipment and
of helipad near the affected site
vehicles.
for responding teams and VVIP
4. Train drivers, conductors, crew
visits
members, port officials in first aid
8. Prepare for restoration of
and basic life saving techniques.
government buildings damaged
m. Revenue Department during disaster
1. Develop relief norms and
o. Science & Technology
packages
Department
2. Arrange with service provider
1. Ensure proper mechanism to issue
companies for multiple warning
alert/ warning through SMS through
messages to community, officials,
service providers
etc as the need may be
2. Prepare for providing safety and
3. Develop and promote insurance,
serviceability of critical
disaster bonds, tax rebate, etc.
communication towers through
against the disaster
respective service providers
n. Road & Building Department 3. Prepare for prompt establishment
1. Ensure availability and functioning of alternate communication links
of all equipments like cranes, like HF, VHF, HAM, Satellite Phones,
earthmovers, etc. Prepare a data etc., in case of failure of primary
28
communication channels during s. Women & Child Development

disaster Department
1. Prepare a database of authentic
p. Social Justice & Empowerment NGOs working for women and
Department
children empowerment/ rights
2. Prepare for prompt action in
1. Prepare and regularly update
aftermath of earthquake so as to
database of scheduled castes,
prevent human trafficking
social and economically backward
particularly that of women, girls
classes, minorities communities,
and children
physically and mentally challenged
3. Ensure women and children in
persons, orphans, destitute,
vulnerable circumstances are well
beggars, old aged persons and
covered under various government
ensure that they are able to avail
schemes targeted to them
benefits under respective welfare
schemes so as to reduce their 5.1.3 Gujarat State Disaster
vulnerability to disasters Management Authority
(GSDMA)
q. Sports Youth & Cultural Activities 1. Assist the State Government in
Department formulation of policy for relief,
rehabilitation, reconstruction and
1. Organise training and awareness
recovery for earthquake
camps for youth or first aid, relief
2. Monitor preparation, updation and
and camp management, psycho
implementation of earthquake
social care, search and rescue for
management plan
small incidents, fire fighting and
3. Promote awareness and
thereby creating a trained
preparedness among all
volunteer database
stakeholders regarding earthquake
r. Tribal Development Department 4. Assist in development of
methodologies for reducing
1. Prepare a database of tribal vulnerability of population to
groups in the state, their population earthquake
and habitats 5. Publish various guidelines to be
followed for earthquake
2. Ensure they are well covered under
management
all government schemes targeted
6. Inspect existing development plans
to them with special focus on the
made by various authorities and
five Particularly Vulnerable Tribal
recommend measures to be
Groups
29
incorporated for earthquake 2. Ensure that all critical life saving

management equipment are maintained and
7. Develop database of key experts, ready to use
consultants, organisations, 3. Ensure that District Disaster
agencies, etc working in the field Management Plans are prepared
of earthquake management and are timely updated
4. Ensure that local authorities in the
5.1.4 The State Relief district are involved in developing
Commissioner (COR) their own earthquake
1. Prepare, review and update State management plans
level Earthquake Management 5. Ensure that earthquake
Plan and guidelines and ensure management drills are carried out
that district level plans are periodically
prepared, revised and updated 6. Ensure that District Emergency
2. Develop an appropriate relief Operation Centre is fully functional
implementation strategy for the and communication systems are in
State in consultation with the order
Authority, taking into account the 7. Ensure that open and safe places
unique circumstances of each in the district are identified for mass
district and deficiency in evacuation
institutional capacity and resources 8. Ensure that safe buildings in the
of the State. district are identified for purpose of
3. Strengthen relief distribution and relief camps
accounting system at state and 9. Ensure that site for helipad is
district level through identification identified at key locations in the
of centralized system for receipt, district
storage and distribution of relief
5.1.6 Municipal Commissioners
and by ensuring rate contract,
1. Ensure an updated database of
procurement and stockpile of relief
critical resources (equipments, life
material
saving facilities, trained personnel,
5.1.5 District Collectors etc.) is in place
1. Ensure an updated database of 2. Ensure that all critical life saving
critical resources (equipments, life equipment are maintained and
saving facilities, trained personnel, ready to use
etc.) available in the district is in 3. Ensure that Mahanagarpalika
place Disaster Management Plans
30
(MDMP) are prepared and for earthquake mitigation and

aretimely updated preparedness through local
4. Ensure that earthquake resources and participatory
management drills are carried out approach
periodically 7. Take appropriate actions to
5. Ensure that control room is fully enhance community preparedness
functional and communication
5.1.8 Indian Railways
systems are in order
1. Ensure proper security and safety
6. Ensure that open and safe places
measures at each railway station in
in the corporation area for mass
the state
evacuation are identified
2. Ensure that do-s and don’t-s about
7. Ensure that safe buildings in the
earthquake are properly displayed
corporation area are identified for
at each railway station
purpose of relief camps
3. Ensure proper mechanism for
5.1.7 Local Authority crowd control at each major
1. Provide assistance to GSDMA, COR railway station
and Collector in earthquake 4. Ensure that disaster management
management activities plan is in place for the railways
2. Ensure training of its officers and 5. Ensure proper mechanism for
employees and maintenance of transportation of mass community
resources so as to be readily and proper handling and
available for use distribution of relief material
3. Ensure that all construction projects
5.1.9 Private Sector
conform to the prescribed
1. The private sector should ensure
standards and specifications
their active participation in the pre-
4. Each department of the
earthquake activities in alignment
Government in a district shall
with the overall plan developed by
prepare a disaster management
the GSDMA or the Collector.
plan for the district and carry out
2. They should also adhere to the
relief, rehabilitation and
relevant building codes and other
reconstruction activities in the
safety guidelines prescribed by
affected area within its jurisdiction
relevant authorities.
as per the plan
5. Select vulnerable community and
5.1.10 Community Groups and
most vulnerable groups at risk
Voluntary agencies
6. Advice and issue direction
1. Local community groups and
wherever necessary for community
voluntary agencies including NGOs
31
should actively assist in mitigation Indicative components of family

and preparedness activities under emergency survival kit including that
the overall direction and of first aid kit are mentioned in
supervision of the GSDMA or the annexure 9.
Collector.
5.2 Capacity Building Measures
2. They should actively participate in
Various stakeholders should engage
all training activities as may be
in building their respective
organised and should familiarise
capacities by conducting regular
themselves with their role in disaster
trainings to upgrade their skills, by
management.
developing techno- legal regime to
better deal with different aspects of
5.1.11 Citizen
earthquake management and by
It is a duty of every citizen to assist the
taking other proactive measures for
Commissioner, the Collector or such
the same. Some of the suggestive
other person entrusted with or
measures are discussed below.
engaged in earthquake management
whenever his aid is demanded.
All citizens should also ensure
preparedness at family and individual
level by being aware and proactive.
Development of  Building construction and retrofitting  R & B Dept.
Policies & guidelines  UD & UHD Dept.
Guidelines  Development of relief norms and  Panchayat & Rural
packages Housing Dept
 Revenue Dept.
 Narmada & Water
Resources Dept.
 Industries Dept.
 Energy &
Petrochemical
dept.
 Finance Dept.
 GSDMA
Development of  Provide guidelines for plan  COR
Earthquake preparation to Line Depts.  GSDMA
Management  Prepare departmental Earthquake  All Line Dept.
Plan Management Plans
 Review and rehearsal of the Plan
 Ensure integration of departmental
plan into state plan
32

 Identify task force leader for each
emergency operations
Resource  Identify available resources viz.  Revenue Dept.
Mapping human, financial and equipment for  COR
earthquake management available  Line dept.
with  Dist. Collectors
- State Dept.  Disaster
- Dist. Level Mamlatdars
- Taluka level  Other dist.
- Village level authorities of line
- Public sector dept
- Private sector
- Community level
 Identification of gaps of resources as
per the need
 Procurement of lacking resources
 Collect, compile and regularly
update data on State Disaster
Resource Network (SDRN) and list of
the equipments provided by GSDMA
at various level in the State in given in
annexure 2
Fail Safe  Undertake study to establish fail safe  Revenue Dept.
Communication two way communication –  COR
and Last Mile information system from state level to  GSDMA
Connectivity disaster site connecting state, district,  Science &
taluka and city level Technology Dept.
 Undertake study to establish  Information Dept.
alert/siren with multi-lingual recorded
 Local and district
massages in earthquake prone areas
authorities
 Establishment of multiple/alternative
 Municipal
system
Commissioner
 Training/IEC campaign for general
public of the vulnerable areas
 Plan for re-establishment of disrupted
system
Community  Selecting vulnerable community and  COR- Revenue
Preparedness most vulnerable groups at Dept.
earthquake risk  GSDMA
 Disseminate information about  IMD
earthquake vulnerability and risk to  Finance Dept.
the community
 All Dist. Collectors
 Promote local level earthquake risk
 All Taluka
management planning through
Mamlatdars
participatory approach
33

 Advice and issue direction wherever  Local self Govt.
necessary for community earthquake  UDD
prevention, mitigation and  Panchayat and
preparedness through local resources Rural Housing
and participatory approach Dept.
 Provide necessary resources and
support for earthquake risk reduction
at community level
 Promote community managed
implementations
 Review earthquake preparedness at
community level
 Take appropriate actions to enhance
community preparedness
 Promote community education,
awareness and training
 Disseminate information to
community to respond to earthquake
Training  Training of first responders  GIDM
o Police  SPIPA
o Fire & Emergency Services  GSDMA
o First Aid/ 108  All Line Dept.
o Civil Defense, Home guard
o Government officials and staff
o NGO & Youth Organisation
o NCC,NSS
o SDRF
Information  Advertisement, hording, booklets,  Revenue Dept.
Education and leaflets, banners, shake-table,  COR
Communication demonstration, folk dancing and  GSDMA
music, jokes, street play, exhibition, TV
 Information Dept.
Spot, radio spot, audio-visual and
documentary, school campaign,  Education Dept.
o Planning and Design  All line dept.
o Execution and Dissemination  Dist. Collectors
Do’s and Don’ts of the earthquake is  Other Dist.
given in annexure 11 Authorities
Knowledge  Documentation of earthquake  Revenue Dept.

Management disasters and to make it available in  COR
easy accessible format  GSDMA
 Undertake research studies and  Science &
application of outcomes in Technology Dept.
earthquake management practices
34

 Documenting field data, experience
and indigenous technological
knowledge from local community
 Development of plan by using
available resources like SDRN, IDRN,
etc.
 Sharing of data/information/reports/
proceeding through consultation
meeting/seminars etc.
 Use of Information and
communication technology at
disaster management centres, state,
district, taluka, village EOCs
Table 5.1: Capacity Building Measures
5.2.1 Techno-legal Regime 5.2.2 Training

1. Formulate of professional Civil Training is one of the essential
Engineers Act processes to build and enhance
capacity to deal with earthquakes.
2. Formulate of Emergency Medical
Training the community ensures
Service Act
skilled and trained first responders
3. Create of an Emergency Medical during earthquake without panic.
Services Authority (EMSA) Secondly, training the officials and
responders ensures rapid and
4. Create of guidelines for
appropriate response from various
Emergency Care of special
stakeholders, thus minimising the loss.
section of people like children,
elders, BPL beneficiaries, citizens Besides, intensive capacity building
of remote and disaster measures have been initiated at all
levels in the state administration.
5. Review and revise building by-
Gujarat Institute of Disaster
laws Management also imparts training
6. Review and revise GDCR/CRZ and education in earthquake
etc. management to various stakeholders
including government officers in
7. Review and revise town planning
various departments responsible for
Act & Rules
earthquake management. In order to
8. Ensure strict implementation of improve emergency response
Code and Rules capacity of the state, Emergency
Response Centres trained in search
9. Monitoring of quality construction
and rescue techniques and equipped
10. Construction/Strengthening of with specialized equipments have
SEOC/ DEOC/ TEOC/ ERC been established in the state.
35
As part of long term capacity building programme, urban earthquake safety

programmes, the GSDMA has programme and training and
launched school earthquake safety certification of Engineers and Masons.
Training Responsibility
1. Training to civil defence personal in various  Home Dept.
aspect of earthquake management  General Home Guards
 Civil Defence
2. Training to Home Guards personal in various  GSDMA/GIDM
aspect of earthquake management
including search and rescue
3. Training to NCC and NSS personal in various  Education Dep.
aspect of earthquake management  NCC
 GIDM
4. Training to educational and training  NIDM
institutions personal in various aspect of  GSDMA/GIDM
earthquake management
5. Training to civil society, CBOs and corporate  NIDM
entities in various aspect of earthquake  GSDMA/GIDM
management  NGOs
6. Training to fire and emergency service  NIDM
personal in various aspect of earthquake  UDD
management  Municipal Corporation
 GSDMA/GIDM
7. Training to police and traffic personal in  NIDM
various aspect of earthquake management  GSDMA/GIDM
 Home Dept.
 Police training Institute
8. Training to State Disaster Response Force  NIDM/NDRF
(SDRF) Teams in various aspect of  Home Dept.
earthquake management  Addl. DGP (Arms)
 Addl. DGP (Training)
 GSDMA/GIDM
9. Training to media in various aspect of  NIDM
earthquake management  Information Dept.
 GSDMA/GIDM
10. Training to govt. officials in various aspect of  NIDM
earthquake management  GSDMA/GIDM
11. Training to engineers, architects, structural  R & B Dept
engineers, builders and masons in various  Irrigation Dept.
aspect of disaster management  NIDM
 GSDMA/GIDM
12. Training at local and regional level for  GSDMA/ GIDM
undertaking rapid damage and need
assessment
Table 5.2: Training for Various Stakeholders
36
5.2.3 Awareness 4. Arrange for TV Spot, radio spot,

audio-visual and documentary,
A massive IEC programme has been
etc. to reach out to masses at
launched by the GSDMA to promote
large
public awareness and education on
earthquakes and its management. 5. Media can play a vital role in
public awareness and
In addition ‘disaster management’ is
preparedness through educating
being included as a subject in
the public about disasters;
curricula of schools, engineering
warning of hazards; gathering
colleges, and other training institutions
and transmitting information
of state services.
about affected areas; alerting
Awareness in the masses regarding government officials, helping
dos and don’ts, vulnerable areas, relief organizations and the public
emergency numbers, etc. empowers towards specific needs; and even
them to do the needful proactively in facilitating discussions about
as and when the situation arises. disaster preparedness and
Having aware community also response
reduces the chances of chaos and
5.2.4 Developing Technical
panic.
and Computer Aided
Following measures can be taken by Databases
respective department towards 1. Update the vulnerability atlas
generating awareness: based on new districts created
1. Create mass awareness through and any change in vulnerability
advertisement, hording, booklets, profile of population over the
years
leaflets, banners, etc.
2. Organise awareness camps for 2. Develop GIS based information

children and make use of folk system for different sectors viz.
dance and music, plays, painting medical and health, civil supply,
competition, debate fire and emergency services, etc.
competition, etc. To disseminate 3. Create and disseminate
the information database of contact details,
3. Organise disaster management resources, response agencies,
exhibition and use scientific tools NGOs, trained personnel, most
like shake-table demonstration, vulnerable groups, evacuation
etc to disseminate awareness routes, available shelters, relief
about earthquake and ways to centres, critical infrastructures,
storage godowns, etc.
deal with it
37
5.2.5 Knowledge Management projects and programmes focusing on

1. Document earthquakes, their or inclusive of earthquake
management are discussed below.
impacts, lessons learnt and make
it available in easily accessible
5.3.1 National School Safety
format
Programme
The Government of India in June 2011,
2. Undertake research studies and
approved the ‘National School Safety
apply the outcomes in
Program (NSSP) – A demonstrative
earthquake management project’ with a total cost of Rs.48.47
practices Crore as a 100% Centrally Sponsored
Scheme to be implemented by
3. Document field data, experience
National Disaster Management
and indigenous technological Authority (NDMA) in collaboration with
knowledge from local community the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD) and in
4. Share data/ information/ reports/
partnership with State/UT
proceeding of consultation Governments.
meeting/seminars etc.
NSSP is a holistic project to promote
5. Use information and
culture of safety in schools and
communication technology at covers 43 districts of 22 States /UTs of
disaster management centres, the country falling in seismic zone IV
state, district, taluka, EOCs, ERCs, & V.
etc.
In Gujarat the NSSP project is being
6. Each department should have in implemented in 400 schools of Kutch
and Jamnagar districts (200 schools
place standard operating
in each district). GSDMA is
procedures (SOP) to be followed
implementing the project in
in case of an earthquake collaboration with NDMA and in
partnership with the district
7. Each department should also
administration.
conduct mock drill at regular
interval and update the SOP The program has following
based on gaps identified in the components and activities:
mock drill a. Preparation of School Disaster
Management Plans
5.3 Current Projects/ Programmes
Currently GSDMA is undertaking b. Printing and Distribution of IEC
various preparedness and capacity Material
building projects and programmes at c. Review and Approval of School
different level. Some of the key Disaster Management Plans
38
d. Sensitisation Program 5.3.3 Disaster Risk Management

Programme
e. Rapid Visual Survey (RVS)
The Disaster Risk Management
f. Mock Drill in 400 Schools
Programme was initiated by Ministry of
g. Disaster Preparedness Kits
Home Affairs (MHA), Govt. of India in
h. Training of Trainers collaboration with United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) in
i. Training of Teachers
the year 2002. Gujarat State Disaster
j. Translation into Regional Management Authority was the nodal
Language and Printing of agency for implementing programme
Teacher Training Module activities in Gujarat state. The DRM
k. Non-structural Mitigation Programme was formulated with a
Measures goal of sustainable reduction in
disaster risk in most hazard prone
l. Structural Retrofitting
districts in Gujarat state. The DRM
m. Grant-in-aid to State Education Programme was aiming at
Department strengthening of response,
preparedness and mitigation
5.3.2 School Safety Week
measures over a period of time
The Gujarat State Disaster through a variety of activities at the
Management Authority has decided national, state, district, taluka and
to organize the School Safety Week village levels.
in all the schools of Gujarat to Considering the impact of DRM
aware, educate and build the Programme activities, GSDMA
culture of preparedness among the included DRMP as a new scheme and
school children. Initially, School made financial provision in state
Safety Week was celebrated in 400 budget since 2007-08. After UNDP’s
selected schools of Kutch, Jamnagar withdrawal in June-2009, GSDMA
and Devbhumi – Dwaraka districts. owned the DRM Programme and
The key activities include orientation started implementing programme
program, creating awareness about activities more rigorously.
disaster through IEC materials, film
Currently, GSDMA focuses on all 33
screening, understanding non-
districts and 8 municipal corporations
structural risks, basic life saving skill,
of the state for strengthening of
slogan and drawing competition
response, preparedness and
and project competition for school
mitigation measures. In order to ensure
children. The initiative also includes
effective implementation of
shakeout drills and mock exercises.
39
programme activities, GSDMA also has 3. Updation of national and state

appointed District Project Officer/ level online resource network
Project Officers at district/corporation for disaster preparedness and
level who work under direct management.
supervision of respective District
Collector/Commissioners. The set of 4. Awareness generation
activities include: programmes are done at

various levels.
1. Development of multi – hazard
plan at various administrative 5. Manual development for
levels. trainers and practitioner at all
2. Capacity building through levels.
training programmes.
40
Response & Relief
6.1 Levels of Disaster (L Concept)
The L concept has been developed to order to facilitate the assistance to
define the different levels of disaster in states and districts.
Level Description Activities
L0 Normal time Prevention, preparation and capacity
building activities like trainings, preparation
and updation of plans, mock drills,
procurements of equipments, etc
L1 Can be managed at district State and Centre remain ready to assist if
level need arises
L2 Beyond the capacity of Require active participation and
district mobilisation of resources from State
Government
L3 Resources of District and Require Central Government for reinstating
State Government have the State and District machinery as well as
been overwhelmed for rescue, relief, and other response and
recovery measures
Table 6.1: Levels of Disaster (L Concept)
6.2 Trigger Mechanism
PMO, Cabinet Secretary, Secretary-Home

and Defence, NDMA, MHA, Maharashtra- IMD/ ISR
Gujarat Area Command: HQ, Mumbai
Governor, Chief Minister, Activate IRTs as per the

Home Minister, State COR requirement and level of
SEOC
Cabinet, Guardian Minister of disaster
the district, and non-officials
namely MPs and MLAs from DEOC DC Activate IRTs as per the
the affected district requirement and level of
disaster
TEOC Mamlatdar
Respond and
simultaneously report
Figure 6.1: Trigger Mechanism
41
The earthquake response structure disaster affected area on the

gets activated on the receipt of the recommendations of the State Relief
message of occurrence of Commissioner or the District Collector.
earthquake. The State Crisis The purpose of declaration of disaster
Management Committee (SCMC) is to organize effective response in
under the chairmanship of the Chief managing the after effects of
Secretary should be activated earthquake. Such a declaration
immediately on the occurrence of any provides wide powers and
major earthquake. responsibilities to the State Relief
Commissioner and the District
The Commissioner of Relief (COR) will Collectors in order to handle the
activate all departments for incident effectively.
emergency response including the
The Revenue Department of the State
State EOC, District EOC and ERCs.
is the Nodal Department for
Also, they issue instructions to include
controlling, monitoring and directing
the following details:
measures for organizing rescue, relief
i) Exact quantum of resources (in
and rehabilitation. All other concerned
terms of manpower, equipments
line departments should extend full
and essential items from key
cooperation in all matters pertaining
departments/stakeholders) that is
to the response management of the
required.
earthquake whenever it occurs.
ii) The type of assistance to be
provided On the receipt of alert from ISR / IMD,
iii) The time limit within which or on the basis of reports from District
assistance is needed Collector of the occurrence of an
iv) Details of other Task/Response earthquake, the response structure of
Forces through which coordination the State Government will be put into
should take place operation. The Chief Secretary/Relief
Commissioner will assume the role of
The EOCs and ERCs and other control
the Incident Commander during the
rooms shall be activated with full
emergency situation.
strength.
The EOCs and ERCs will be put on full
6.3 Disaster Declaration
alert and expanded to include branch
The Gujarat State Disaster arrangements of Incident Response
Management Act, 2003 (Section 32) System, with responsibilities for specific
provides for the state government to tasks, depending on extent of
declare any area where earthquake earthquake. The number of branches
had occurred or likely to occur as
42
to be activated will be decided by the response. The system envisages that

Incident Commander i.e. the Relief the roles and duties are laid down in
Commissioner/Chief Secretary at the advance and the personnel are
State level and respective District earmarked and trained in their
Collectors at the District level. respective roles and duties. It fixes
accountability of the earmarked
All Branch Officers and Nodal Officers personnel and also avoids duplication
will work under the overall supervision of efforts by clearly demarcating the
and administrative control of the area specific task force teams.
Incident Commander. All the decisions
It provides a participatory, well
taken in the EOC have to be
structured, fail safe, multi disciplinary,
approved by the Incident
multi-departmental and systematic
Commander.
approach to guide administrative
Immediate access to the earthquake mechanisms at all levels of the
affected site will made through various government. It also provides scope for
means of communications such as private sector, NGOs, CBOs, PRIs and

mobiles, VSAT, wireless communication communities to work seamlessly in the
and hotline contact. response activities.
The detailed roles and responsibilities

6.4 Incident Response System of each section, branch and group
Incident Response System (IRS) is one are mentioned in annexure 7.
of the crucial tools for coordinated
43
Figure 6.2: Incident Response System
44
6.5 Standard Operating Procedure aftermath of an earthquake. Many

for Earthquake Response tasks are required to be performed in
For effective response, all the close coordination of multiple
stakeholders need to have a clear departments and stakeholders.
understanding of their respective roles

and actions that need to be taken in
Time Frame Responsibility Task
T + 15 Minutes In-charge SEOC Report the occurrence of earthquake to
COR, DOR, PS (Revenue Department), CEO
(GSDMA), Heads of all line departments,
Chief Secretary and Chief Minister's Office
and NDMA EOC at MHA, GoI
T + 30 Minutes In-charge SEOC Verify the magnitude & intensity of the
incident from agencies like IMD, ISR, DEOCs,
TEOCs, Police and Fire Brigade control rooms
and find about immediate impacts
COR/ DOR In case of L-2 level event, take over overall
management of SEOC
Deploy Emergency Rescue Vehicles to
affected areas for establishing
communication link
Activate ERCs for prompt mobilisation teams
and resources to affected areas
Hold planning meeting of HODs (all line
depts.) in SEOC
Instruct duty officers of line departments to
report in SEOC and hold meeting for further
plan of action/ instructions
Request for the services of NDRF and Armed
forces, if required
If required, inform GAD to ensure that all
State Govt. employees report for emergency
duties within half an hour
Establish alternate communication link
through Satellite Phones, HF/ VHF set, HAM
Radio, VSAT, etc. in SEOC, DEOCs, TEOCs
T + 1 Hour Home Dept., District Enforce evacuation from unsafe structures to
Collector, Municipal pre-decided safe evacuation sites
Commissioners With help of local authorities, local agencies,
volunteers, RWAs, ensure that people do not
go back to unsafe structures unless
instructed as safe
45

Provide security in affected areas and
maintain law and order situation to prevent
incidents of thefts and stampede
COR Mobilise Search & Rescue teams and
equipment of Fire Emergency Services,
Home Dept., R&B, etc. to affected areas
Deploy medical teams and paramedics to
the affected areas
Deploy rapid assessment team to affected
areas
Make arrangements for aerial survey of the
affected areas
Contact BISAG, NRSC, ISRO and Ministry of
Defence for aerial / satellite imageries of the
affected areas
Instruct local administration to evacuate
population at risk to safer sites
Instruct concerned authorities or agencies to
shut down critical operations
Contact Chief Secretary for deciding on
time and venue for holding Crisis
Management Group (CMG) meeting at the
earliest
Inform all CMG members to attend CMG
meeting in designated venue to assess
situation and review emergency measures
Dept. of Science & Establish alternate communication links
Technology through HF, VHF, HAM, Satellite Phones, etc.
Issue alert for secondary shocks/disseminate
critical information by SMS through service
providers
COR, GUVNL, Restore essential services like power, water
GWSSB, DOT, Energy supply, telecommunication of critical
& Petrochemicals infrastructure like hospitals, SEOC,
Sachivalya, Raj Bhawan, Control Rooms, AIR,
Doordarshan, relief camps and temporary
shelters, etc. on priority basis
Restore essential services or arrange for
alternative facilities like power, water supply
and telecommunication to the affected
area
Port & Transport, R&B Assess the conditions of road, rail and air
Dept., COR communication link for quick mobilization of
emergency responders and teams and
resources to affected areas and take follow
up actions
46

Information Dept. Establish media management / information
cell for public information, guidance and
rumour control
Instruct district information officers to
establish information centre near affected
areas to provide guidance to volunteers and
aid agencies
T + 2 Hours Chief Secretary/ COR Delegate responsibilities for organizing
rescue and relief operations as per
outcomes of CMG and planning meet
Depute senior State Level officers to the
affected areas
Inform Secretaries of all depts. to provide
necessary logistics support to emergency
operation task forces
COR Activate Operations Section of IRS for
Emergency Response Operation
If required, seek assistance from
neighbouring states, Central Govt. or
external agencies
Set up separate desks for each operation
task force and NGO coordination desk in the
SEOC for coordinating emergency
operations
Contact private / public sector agencies in
the State to assist in emergency rescue and
relief operations
T + 3 Hours Port & Transport Make suitable transport arrangement for
Dept., Civil Aviation mobilization of quick response teams to the
Dept affected areas
COR, SEOC Maintain constant touch with the control
room of MHA, NDMA, ERCs, DEOCs and
TEOCs
COR, Information Arrange for press / media release for rumour
Dept. control and public information and
guidance
Health Dept. Make necessary arrangement for treatment
of injured and mass casualty management
Dept. of Science & Restore & ensure serviceability of
Technology, DOT communication towers in affected area
through respective service providers
T + 6 Hours COR Establish relief coordination centre at airport,
railway station, etc. for arrival of Search &
47

Rescue and Medical Teams coming for
humanitarian aid
Arrange for a logistic plan and warehouse
for receipt & management of relief material
Home Dept. Instruct to cordon affected areas and setting
up of check posts to control entry and exit
Ensure mechanism to prevent human
trafficking
Home Dept., Open access routes and manage traffic for
Port & Transport mobilization of equipment, machinery and
Dept., R&B Dept. volunteers to the affected areas
If required, establish temporary access routes
& disseminate route maps to all EOCs,
control rooms and information cells
COR/ Head, Quick Conduct aerial survey to understand scale
Assessment Task of damage and impacts
Force
Information Dept. Establish information centres at the arrival
and departure points especially at the
airports, railway stations and interstate bus
terminus
T + 12 Hours DOR Hold review meetings with duty officers in
every 12 hours
Prepare rapid need assessment report for
planning of relief operation and mobilization
of resources to the affected areas
DOR, District Mobilize relief materials i.e. tents, food
Collectors, Municipal materials, water, essential medicines,
Commissioners, Line blankets, etc. to the affected districts and
Depts talukas
Establish relief centres, temporary shelters
and godowns near affected areas & ensure
provision of basic facilities like food, water,
medical aid, toilets, etc.
Food & Civil Supply Provide food and other relief material to
relief camps, community kitchens, etc.
Water Supply Dept Provide water tankers to affected areas,
relief camps, temporary shelters, community
kitchens, etc.
Port & Transport Arrange to shift people from evacuated sites
Dept. to temporary shelters
48

Arrange road, rail and air transport at State /
District headquarters for dispatch of relief
materials to the affected areas
Health Dept. Set up field hospitals near the affected areas
Arrange to shift injured persons to field

hospitals
Animal Husbandry Ensure medical aid to injured cattle
Dept.
Home Dept. Provide security to relief camps, godowns,
evacuated structures, medical camps, etc.
T + 24 Hours COR Instruct to set up coordination centres at the
Resident Commissioner's Office in New Delhi
and other Metro Cities as well
DOR, Dy. Collector Prepare and circulate the situation report
(DM) at SEOC
Coordinate with Operation Task Forces
mobilized to the affected areas
COR, Information Organise media briefing twice a day at pre-
Dept. determined intervals
COR, Revenue Dept. Depute additional officers and supporting
staff to affected areas from non-affected
areas
R & B Dept. Identify and declare unsafe structures in
earthquake affected areas
T + 48 Hours Home Dept. Ensure safety and security of personnel
deputed in affected areas for emergency
response operation
Arrange for identification, photograph, post
mortem and maintenance of records for
disposal of dead bodies
Health Dept. Earmark storage points for medical supplies
at affected sites
COR, Arrange information centre at shelter site for
DOR maintaining records of victims and to
provide guidance to relatives, NGOs, etc.
Revenue Ensure following procedures before disposal/
Dept., District handing over of dead bodies:
Collector, Municipal  Photographs of dead bodies are taken
Commissioners,  Identification of dead bodies is done
Health Dept & Local  Post mortem of dead bodies is carried
Authorities
out
 Handing over dead bodies of persons
49

known/ identified to their relatives
 Disposal of unclaimed and unidentified
dead bodies
Home Dept., Ensure mechanism for complaints regarding
COR missing persons and initiate search in shelters,
hospitals and police records
Port & Transport Arrange for transportation of dead bodies to
Dept.,Health Dept., their native places if so required
Animal Husbandry
Arrange for transportation of injured animal
Dept
T + 72 Hours Home Dept. Arrange for disposal of unidentified and
unclaimed dead bodies
Arrange for disposal of unidentified and
unclaimed animal carcasses
Health Dept. , Arrange for transportation of injured from
Transport Dept field hospitals to base hospitals
COR Arrange for distribution of cash doles to the
victims
COR, Line Depts. Activate short and interim relief measures

Continue ongoing rescue & relief activities
and plan for reconstruction & rehabilitation
Table 6.2: Standard Operating Procedure for Earthquake Response
6.6 Emergency Support Functions

Emergency Support Functions are removal and its appropriate disposal,
critical services which are performed arrangements to be made for survey
in post disaster scenario to minimise life of human loss and distribution of ex-
loss and address various issues in a
gratia relief to the families of
post disaster situation.
deceased persons, etc.
Post earthquake situation gives rise to
Table 6.3 lists emergency support
various new challenges which need to
functions that need to be performed
be dealt simultaneously. These include
in aftermath of an earthquake. It also
identification and demolition of
lays down the primary and secondary
dangerous structures in the affected
agencies responsible to perform the
areas to minimize further loss of life and
function.
injuries, arrangements for debris
50
ESF Aim Primary Department/ Secondary

Agency Department/
Agency
Evacuation To ensure that people Revenue Department  District
at threat are moved to Administration
a safe location
Fire Fighting To control and Fire & Emergency  Health
manage fire Services  Police
incidences
Oil and To provide expert and Industrial Safety and  Emergency
Hazardous technical support in Health Response
Material case of release of any Centres
Response hazardous material  Fire &
(In case of such following earthquake Emergency
incident due to Services
earthquake)  Health
Search & Rescue To provide life saving Police  Fire &
assistance in aftermath Emergency
of earthquake Services
 Home Guards
 Health
Medical Services To provide emergency Health  Red Cross
medical and mental Society
health assistance
Dead Body To identify and Police  Revenue
Management properly record the  Health
dead bodies and  Local Authorities
facilitate the  Municipal
appropriate Commissioner
cremation/ burial
Food To address the food Food & Civil Supplies  Revenue
needs of the affected  Police
population and  Women & Child
responding agencies Development
Communications To provide fail safe Department of  Revenue Dept.

communication and Science &  COR
last mile connectivity Technology  GSDMA
 GSWAN
 GIPL
 District
Administration
 Information
Dept.
 Local authorities
 Municipal
Commissioner
51
ESF Aim Primary Department/ Secondary

Agency Department/
Agency
Transportation To provide transport Port & Transport  RTA
support to responding Department  Railways
stakeholders and for  Civil Aviation
various purpose as and
when required
Temporary To address all basic Revenue Department  District
Shelter/ Camp needs of the affected Administration
Management population in the relief  Food & Civil
camps and ensure Supplies
 Health
 Police
 Water Supply
 Water and
Sanitation
Management
Organisation
 Gujarat
Electricity
Regulatory
Commission
Public Works To provide technical Roads & Building  Water Supply
and Engineering support and expertise Department  Water and
for repair, restoration Sanitation
and reconstruction of Management
public infrastructure Organisation
Energy To ensure rapid Energy &  Gujarat

restoration of power to Petrochemicals Dept. Electricity
affected areas Regulatory
particularly to critical Commission
facilities on the priority
Public Safety To ensure safety and Police Department  Home Guards
and Security security of affected  Women and
population, their Child
property and Development
responding agencies  Social Justice &
Empowerment
Dept.
Media To ensure precise and Information  Police
Management accurate incident Department  Health
briefing to public and
ensure proper rumour
and panic
management
Table 6.3: Emergency Support Functions
52
6.7 Disaster Reporting and 6.7.2 Preliminary Report

Assessments
Preliminary report is made within first 7
There are three kinds of assessment days of all clear. Within these 7 days,
reports made at different timeframe in interim SITREP should be prepared and
aftermath of an earthquake. Each submitted at the end of 48 hours
assessment report has different format followed by SITREPS at the end of each
24 hours period. The objective of this
for collection of data and reporting of
report is to obtain more detailed and
information. These reports are
specific data regarding damage and
designed to assess:
needs. The 48 hours report should
a. Life threatening situation include wherever possible preliminary
cost estimates of damage.
b. Need for emergency food,
water, shelter and medical 6.7.3 Detailed Report
assistance
c. Need for restoration of critical Detailed report is made within 21 days
facilities and services of all clear. This assessment is
conducted sector-wise and is aimed
at finding the detailed damage and
The format for Damage and
need of each sector so as to plan
Need Assessment is mentioned in
recovery and rehabilitation of the
annexure 8. sector. The direct costs associated with
recovery and rehabilitation of each
The COR shall issue instructions to
sector should be mentioned in
district collectors to carry out need
detailed wherever possible.
and loss assessment. Teams are to be
formed and dispatched to the 6.7.4 Deactivation of the
affected areas for detailed Process
assessment of houses and property
After the process of damage and
assessment. Adequate manpower, need assessment is over, the
vehicles, stationery etc should also be designated authority shall issue the
provided to supplement the efforts for appropriate directive to deactivate
need/loss assessment. the damage and need assessment
process.
6.7.1 Rapid Report
6.8 Earthquake Relief Measures
It is aimed at obtaining a broad The EOCs and ERCs in its expanded
picture of extent of damage. It should form will continue to operate as long
ideally be undertaken within 4-8 hours as the need for earthquake relief and
of all clear. It helps in identifying the operations continue and the long term
immediate actions necessary to be plans for rehabilitation are finalised. For
made. managing long term rehabilitation
53
programmes, such as reconstruction of 6. Information centre should be

houses, infrastructure and other social established by the
amenities, the responsibilities will be administration
that of respective line departments
6.8.2 Interim Relief Measures
through a well structured R & R
Programme. This will enable EOCs and 1. Arrangements to be made for
ERCs to attend to other disaster identification and maintenance
situations, if the need be. of records of disposal of dead

bodies in affected areas
6.8.1 Short-Term Relief Measures 2. Arrangements to be made to
1. Provide temporary shelter to record complaints of persons
affected people reported missing. Follow up
2. Continue to provide essential action in terms of verification of
services to the affected people the report needs to be made.
i.e. food, water, clothing, 3. Unclaimed/unidentified dead
sanitation and medical bodies to be disposed off at the
assistance earliest after keeping their
3. Arrangements for distribution of records.
gratuitous relief and cash doles. 4. Additional manpower to be
deployed in the affected areas
The COR ensures the following in the
for supplementing the efforts of
relief camps:
the local administration.
1. Special emphasis on hygiene 5. Separate cell to be established
and sanitation aspects should at state/district/taluka level to
be given in relief camp
coordinate with the NGOs and
2. Separate area should be outside donor/aid agencies.
earmarked within the relief
6. As reconstruction of houses will
camp for storage of relief take a long time, arrangements
materials
to be made to provide interim
3. Adequate manpower and shelters to affected persons
transport facilities for camp site 7. Identification of site for interim
4. Arrangements to be made for shelter
trauma management 8. Allocation of areas to affected
5. Mobile medical units to be sent families
to remote areas to provide 9. Providing essential services like
medical assistance to the
water, power, health, sanitation,
victims/injured PDS, etc. at interim shelter sites
54
10. Regular meetings of different 6.8.3 Relief Kits

stakeholders/ departments Indicative details of immediate relief
should be organized at state kit, household kits and family ration kits
level for sharing of information, are mentioned in annexure 10.
developing strategies for relief 6.8.4 Post Relief Assessment
operations.
GSDMA, with assistance from line
departments, district administration
11. Information & Broadcasting
and local authorities shall document
Dept to coordinate with media
learning from relief experience and
to play a positive role in incorporate the same in plans.
disseminating appropriate
Once the situation is totally controlled
information to public and govt
and normalcy is restored, the COR
to facilitate the speedy
declares End of Emergency Response
recovery. and issues instructions to withdraw the
staff deployed in emergency duties.
55
Chapter 7 Earthquake Recovery

Activities relating to rehabilitation and and to develop strategies for
reconstruction are primarily carried out rehabilitation, reconstruction and
by the local bodies (Gram recovery.
Panchayats, District, Taluka, Municipal
The relevant Government
Corporations, Municipalities, etc.),
various Government departments and departments and local authorities shall
boards. However, their activities in this initiate detailed assessment at their
phase shall be in accordance with the respective level for damages
sustained in their respective
reconstruction and rehabilitation plans
framed by GSDMA, in conjunction with departments and jurisdiction in the
implementing authorities. affected regions.
On the expiry of a disaster declaration, For assessing the damage and need
of the affected community, the
the Authority shall, where necessary,
act as an agency for facilitating and damage and need assessment team
coordinating rehabilitation and should represent all the different
communities and groups in the
reconstruction activities by
departments of the Government. affected area. An ideal team would
include expert in the related field,
The reconstruction and rehabilitation government official and
plan is designed specifically for worst representatives from majority and
case scenario. minority communities, females,
Scheduled Caste and Tribes,
The key activities in this phase are
panchayat member or nagarpalika
discussed below: member, etc.
7.1 Detailed Damage and Need The format for Detailed Damage and
Assessment Loss Assessment is given in annexure 8.
While a preliminary damage 7.2 Reconstruction Strategy

assessment is carried out during
disaster phase, a detailed assessment Depending on the type of damage
must be conducted before and population affected, following
commencing reconstruction and measures can be initiated as
rehabilitation activities (as discussed in comprehensive recovery strategy.
8.7.3 in Chapter 8) The primary While the short term reconstruction
objective of post earthquake damage strategy includes repair, restoration
assessment and need analysis is to and strengthening of affected
provide a clear, concise picture of structures, long term strategy includes
post disaster situation, to identify reconstruction and relocation.
damage caused to different sector
56
7.2.1 Repair and Restoration Reconstruction. Here the district

administration aids in provision of funds
GoG, if needed, will formulate a policy
and technical expertise for
of assistance to help the affected to
construction activity. The principle
repair and restore damaged houses
allows active participation of the
and dwellings. This should neither be
affected family/ owner in rebuilding
treated as compensation for damage
their houses and ensures that their
nor as an automatic entitlement.
houses suit their cultural, occupational
Respective departments should carry and other personal needs and
out timely repair and restoration of the context. It also gives them a sense of
related infrastructure, facilities, ownership and change their mindset
services, etc. This shall aid in quickly from ‘being a beneficiary’ to ‘being
resuming the essential services they am owner’ which also aids in
provide. psychological rehabilitation.
GoG shall coordinate with national The active participation of the owner
and international NGOs, donor also ensures regular monitoring of the
agencies and other government process, quality of material used, etc.
bodies to prioritise restoration of critical which helps in speeding up the
infrastructure like health institutions, reconstruction process.
temporary housing, lifesaving facilities,
critical government infrastructure, etc. Other ways to involve the affected
population in the rehabilitation
7.2.2 Reconstruction process is through regular
GSDMA shall oversee reconstruction communication regarding activities,
and rehabilitation work and ensure scope and nature of the proposed
that it takes into account the overall reconstruction and rehabilitation
development plans for the state. effort. Hence, GSDMA and relevant
GSDMA shall approve reconstruction Government departments, district
and rehabilitation projects based on: administration and local authorities
shall undertake:
 Identification of suitable
projects by relevant i. Ongoing Media Management/
departments Public Relations
 Project detailing and approval To ensure accurate communication of
by the relevant technical the reconstruction and rehabilitation
authority measures being taken to various
Two essential aspects of reconstruction stakeholders
are:
ii. Community Management
a. Owner Driven Reconstruction
This includes communicating to the
Reconstruction should be done on the affected communities with a view to
principle of Owner Driven apprise them of efforts being made for
57
their relocation/ rehabilitation/ local authorities, in consultation with

reconstruction the people affected and under the
guidance of GSDMA, shall determine
iii. Feedback Mechanisms
relocation needs taking into account
Efforts should be made to lay down criteria relevant to the nature of the
mechanism to get feedback on calamity and the extent of damage.
reconstruction and rehabilitation Relocation efforts will include activities
measures using the communication like:
network. 1. Gaining consent of the
iv. Dispute Resolution Mechanisms affected population
2. Land acquisition
GSDMA, in conjunction with relevant 3. Urban/ rural land use planning
agencies, shall institutionalize 4. Customizing relocation
mechanisms to address beneficiary packages
grievances at various levels, as well as 5. Obtaining due legal clearances
explore innovative ways of dispute for relocation
minimisation like involving the 6. Getting the necessary
community in reconstruction initiatives. authorization for rehabilitation
Appropriate mechanism with penalties 7. Livelihood rehabilitation
for dealing with false claims will be measures for relocated
evolved to prevent misuse of communities, wherever
assistance. necessary
b. Build Back Better While planning on site reconstruction

or relocation, care should be taken to
Post earthquake reconstruction also provide the community with all basic
gives an opportunity to build back amenities in close vicinity of the
better. The new construction post reconstruction site. This leads to holistic
disaster should comply of all safety reconstruction process. Some of the
norms, guidelines and building codes. basic amenities are as follows:
The design of these buildings should 1. Health
be disaster resilient as per the hazard 2. Education
profile of the state. 3. Proper drainage system
4. Provision to drinking water
GoG shall monitor the reconstruction 5. Provision for proper sanitation
process and ensure that the principle 6. Provision for waste collection
of build back better is followed and management
through disaster resilient 7. Market place
reconstruction. 8. Connectivity to road and
railway
7.2.3 Relocation
7.3 Rehabilitation
The GoG believes that need-based
considerations and not extraneous Holistic rehabilitation includes many
factors drive relocation of people. The inter linked aspects. It is critical to
58
address all needs of affected providing required training, skill, tools

population in order to achieve early and equipment to restart the previous
recovery and to bring back normalcy or new livelihood options.
to their lives.
Care should also be taken to address
In addition, it is also necessary to the needs of various socially and
constantly monitor ongoing activities economically vulnerable groups like
to ensure timely completion of the that of women, adolescent girls, old
project in accordance with the age persons, differently abled persons,
technical specifications and to the children, destitute, below poverty line
satisfaction of the beneficiaries. population, scheduled castes,
GSDMA, in conjunction with relevant scheduled tribes, particularly
Government departments, will monitor vulnerable tribal groups, etc.
the reconstruction activity that is
carried out by various implementation 7.3.3 Psychological Rehabilitation
agencies.
Earthquakes often lead to long time
For managing long-term rehabilitation stress and trauma due to loss of near
programmes, such as reconstruction of and dear ones, injuries, loss of limbs,
houses, infrastructure and other social loss of housing and related property,
amenities, the responsibilities will be trauma generated by facing the
that of respective line departments disaster and fearful sites, fear of
through a well-structured R&R repetition of the earthquake, etc. If
Programme. not addressed appropriately, it may
lead to lifelong psychological fear and
7.3.1 Physical/ Structural disorders, thus it is necessary to provide
Rehabilitation of Infrastructure psycho-social first aid and
psychological care to the affected
It is aimed at rebuilding the lost
population.
residential or commercial or public
infrastructure and facilities like housing, 7.4 Implementing Initiatives for
roads, bridges, railways tracks, public Recovery of Reconstruction
buildings, schools, hospitals, etc.
Costs
It is done with an aim of building back
The GoG shall finalise and implement
better by ensuring disaster proofing
select recovery measures such as:
and retrofitting of the structures.
1. Imposing tax surcharge levies
7.3.2 Socio-economic Rehabilitation
(central)
Socio-economic rehabilitation is
2. Imposing local taxes
aimed at revamping the social and
economic fabric to the pre-disaster or 3. Facilitation of funding
a better situation. It also addresses responsibility sharing by
issues like that of livelihood restoration beneficiaries etc.
and generation. This is done by
59
Chapter 8 Financial
Arrangements
8.1 Funding Mechanism at Various b. Prime Minister’s National Relief
Levels Fund (PMNRF)
PMNRF provides immediate relief to

To ensure the long-term sustenance
families of those killed in natural
and permanency of the organisation,
calamities and to the victims of major
funds are generated and deployed on
accidents and riots. The fund is raised
an ongoing basis. Financial
entirely by public contributions.
mechanism for disaster management
is already in place at national, state 8.1.2 State Level
and district level. Additionally there
are various projects, programmes and a. State Budget
initiatives catering to different phases GSDMA submits to the State
of disaster management at nation, Government for approval a budget in
state and district level. the prescribed form for the next
financial year showing the estimated
8.1.1 Centre Level receipts and expenditure, and the
sums which would be required from
a. National Disaster Response Fund
the State Government during that
This fund has been created under the financial year.
legal framework of National Disaster
Management Act, 2005. Under the The GoG also allocates funds in the
State Budget for relief activities. In
existing guidelines, it is available for
addition, funds may be available
assistance from avalanches, cyclone,
through the State Disaster Response
cloud burst, drought, earthquake/
Fund.
tsunami, fire, flood, hailstorm,
landslides, pest attack and frost & cold b. State Disaster Response Fund
wave.
There is a provision for State Disaster
Response Force which is made
In case of calamity of severe nature
available to Commissioner of Relief,
when State Disaster Response Fund is
Revenue Department. The Central
insufficient to meet the relief
and State Government share 75% and
requirements, additional central
25% respectively in case of Gujarat.
assistance is provided from NDRF to This was meant for meeting
the State Government by following the expenditure for providing immediate
laid down procedures. relief to the victims of cyclone,
60
drought, earthquake, fire, flood, e. Donations

tsunami, hailstorm, avalanche, cloud
burst and pest attack As per the provisions of The Gujarat
State Disaster Management Act, 2003
c. Chief Minister Relief Fund the Authority may accept grants,
subventions, donations and gifts from
This provides immediate support to the
the Central or State Government or a
distressed people affected by the
local authority or any individual or
natural calamities, or road, air or body, whether incorporated or not.
railway accidents.
f. Recovery Measures
8.1.3 Other Sources of Funds
The GoG shall finalise and implement
a. Public Private Partnership
select recovery measures such as
There are projects/schemes in which imposing tax surcharge levies
funding can be done by a public (central), imposing local taxes,
sector authority and a private party in facilitation of funding responsibility
partnership. In this State Govt. along sharing by beneficiaries etc.
with Private organizations and with
8.2 Funds Disbursement and Audit
Central Govt. share their part.
The funds raised from funding
b. Grant In Aid agencies are usually accompanied by
stringent disbursement and usage
State government may receive a
restrictions. It is therefore important to
grant in aid from Central Govt., World
monitor the disbursement of such
Bank, other departments, bilateral or
funds to ensure that none of the
multilateral funding agencies, etc. to
covenants are breached. GSDMA, in
carry out specific projects/schemes
conjunction with relevant agencies,
related to disaster management/
shall monitor disbursal of funds by:
mitigation/ capacity building.
 Prioritizing resource allocation
c. Loan across approved projects
Authority may borrow money from the  Establishing mechanisms (like a

open market with the previous chain of banks, collection
approval of State government to carry centres, nature of accounts,
out disaster management functions as spread etc) for collection of
described in DM Act 2003. funds
d. Disaster Bonds  Ongoing monitoring and

control of fund usage
State government can also raise funds throughout actual project
for major disasters by exploring the
implementation.
options of long term disaster bonds.
61
Chapter 9 Plan Maintenance

Plan maintenance is a dynamic a. Determine the feasibility and
process of updating the plan on a compatibility of back up
periodic basis. The back-bone of facilities and procedures
maintaining the plan is carrying out
b. Identify areas in the plan that
mock drills and updating the plan
needs modification
based on the lesson learnt as an
outcome of the mock exercise which c. Identify training needs of key
consists of identifying the gaps and stakeholders
putting in place a system to fill the
d. Assess the ability of the
same.
organization/department to
9.1 Plan Testing respond to earthquakes
The Commissioner of Relief, Revenue After plan testing and incorporation of

Dept. shall prepare, review and lesson learnt, the COR should send a
copy of the revised and updated plan
update Earthquake Management
to the following officials:
Plan. He shall also ensure that
earthquake management drills and a. Chief Secretary, Government of
rehearsals are carried out periodically. Gujarat
While updating the plan the following b. Chief Executive Officer, Gujarat
aspects need to be considered by the State Disaster Management
COR every year: Authority
a. Critical analysis of the outcome c. Principal Secretary, Revenue Dept

of exercises & mock drills as part
d. Head of all line Depts.
of plan testing.
e. State EOC
b. Incorporation of lessons learnt in
the updated plan as an f. District EOCs
outcome of mock exercises
through identification of gaps g. ERCs
and measures to fill them. h. IMD
The plan must be thoroughly tested i. ISR

and evaluated on a regular basis, at
least once a year. All the departments, which have
specific roles and responsibilities in
The main objectives of plan testing are Earthquake Management Plan, must
to: have a system to ensure that all
officers of their departments who have
62
a specific role to play are fully up to and should be completed by month

dated with their responsibilities/tasks. of April, based on inputs from the
following:
9.2 Mock Exercise
a. Drills and rehearsals
a. Mock exercise debriefing and
evaluation is of critical b. Lessons learnt from any disaster
importance as the insights are event in other states and
collected from participants (who countries
participated in the exercise) and
c. Directions from Ministry of Home
is used to modify the plan.
Affairs, National Disaster
b. Hot debriefing is very effective as Management Authority,
it is carried out immediately after Government of India, etc.
the exercise. It also includes
GSDMA and all other concerned
documentation in terms of
Depts. should encourage formal and
recommendations and
informal interaction with various
improvements of the plan.
stakeholders at different levels to learn
9.3 Review & Updation of Plan and document their experiences, so
that such experiences can contribute
The Earthquake Management Plan constructively towards updation of
should be reviewed and updated Earthquake Management Plan for
annually. The plan updation process further improving the capability to
should begin in January in each year deal with future earthquakes.
63
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Earthquake Management Plan 2015-16 Volume 1

GUJARAT STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Chapter 2 Institutional Mechanism 03

Chapter 3 Earthquake Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity & Risk 10

Chapter 4 Earthquake Mitigation 21

Chapter 5 Earthquake Preparedness & Capacity Building 25

5.1.8 Indian Railways 31

Chapter 6 Earthquake Response & Relief 41

Chapter 7 Earthquake Recovery 56

Chapter 8 Financial Arrangements 60

Chapter 9 Plan Maintenance 62

Table 2.1 Institutional Mechanism at National Level 04

Figure 2.1 Institutional Mechanism at State Level 07

BIS Bureau of Indian Standard

NSRA Nevada Seismic Research Affiliates

Agencies Roles & Responsibilities

Agencies Roles & Responsibilities

Agencies providing Early  Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

 Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

2.2 State Level Disaster Management Authority

Institute of  Engaged in dedicated seismological research

Agencies Roles & Responsibilities

In the aftermath of 2001 earthquake in

Figure 2.1: Institutional Mechanism at State Level

2.2.1 State Emergency Operation for video-conferencing facility, State

11. Develop and disseminate warnings provide multi-hazard emergency

called as Focal Depth, is an important actual shaking at a location during an

parameter in determining the earthquake and is assigned Roman

Seismic Magnitude Probable Probable Impact

3.1.4 Impacts of Earthquake

Earthquakes results in primary, Apart from these, earthquake impacts

Figure 3.1: Seismotectonic Features in Gujarat

Figure 3.2: Gujarat Earthquake Hazard Risk Zonation

Based on the above figure, all of physical vulnerability is related to

features emerge in this zonation map V have high physical vulnerability to

Total Good Livable Dilapidated

3.3.3 Social Vulnerability Apart from SC/ST, other socially

any disaster. Economically weaker commercial houses, factories,

3.4 Earthquake Capacity Analysis Trainings are regularly conducted at

buildings), manufacturing and trade interruption in manufacturing sector

Risk Ranking District Taluka

Risk Ranking District Taluka

Risk Ranking District Taluka

Chapter 4 Earthquake Mitigation

Task Activities Responsibility

Task Activities Responsibility

Encourage  Include earthquake engineering  Education Dept.

Task Activities Responsibility

government, it is recognized that management and ensure their

1. Ensure proper maintenance and their capacities and facilities

functioning of all fire fighting provided

equipments and personal 3. Establish paramedic cadre through

protection equipments training programmes and accredit

2. Prepare a database of private fire / license them

fighting agencies and their 4. Recognize and accredit trauma

3. Keep vigil regarding MAH units and 5. Establish statewide medical

other hazardous installations in the emergency access number