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Efficiency Analysis of The Competitive Balance by System Changes in The Korean Basketball League (KBL)
Efficiency Analysis of The Competitive Balance by System Changes in The Korean Basketball League (KBL)
Abstract
This study is to investigate the competitive balance between KBL teams every season and to test the efficiency of
the competitive balance in the KBL in relation to various regulatory changes that have occurred since the league’s
establishment in 1997 using DEA. Information pertaining to regulatory changes that have occurred over time was
obtained from the KBL’s annual guidebook. Among the variety of data sets offered by the guidebook, team records,
annual income, and annual spectator attendance were used for the data envelopment analysis (DEA). To be specific,
the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for measuring competitive balance was used as an input variable by utilizing the
team’s annual performance (i.e., total wins for each teams). Also, the annual income and the number of spectators
were used as output variables. Through the analysis of the collected data, the results revealed that three seasons (i.e.,
2011-12, 2013-14, and 2016-17) were found to be the most effective. On the other hand, the statistical analysis
identified the remaining seasons as being less effective. In examining the regulatory changes of three efficient seasons
noted above, it was revealed that video assistant referees, free agency in relation to foreign players, an increase of
the salary cap, and the implementation of a 24-second shot clock were the main pillars of the regulatory changes
that had occurred. Hence, the results of this study have practical implications because the findings identify regulatory
changes that contributed to the attainment of competitive balance.
Key words: Korean Basketball League(KBL), Competitive balance, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index(HHI), Data Envelopment
Analysis(DEA), Efficiency
* cjh8526@naver.com
Copyrightⓒ2023 KAHPERD
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시즌 효율성값 HHI Target HHI(%) 관중수 Target 관중수(%) 연간수익 Target 연간수익(%)
2011-2012 100 0.105514403 0.105514403(-) 1,190,525 1,190,525(-) 5,506,899,997 5506899997(-)
2016-2017 100 0.112373114 0.112373114(-) 832,293 832,293(-) 7,333,451,050 7333451050(-)
2013-2014 100 0.106721536 0.106721536(-) 1,180,388 1,180,388(-) 6,504,740,873 6504740873(-)
2008-2009 95.11 0.111138546 0.105703871(-4.9) 1,084,026 1,084,026(-) 5,344,868,396 5344868396(-)
2015-2016 93.9 0.110315501 0.103586255(-6.1) 937,056 937,056(-) 6,215,219,294 6215219294(-)
2014-2015 93.49 0.112318244 0.105006326(-6.5) 1,043,515 1,043,515(-) 6,409,868,606 6409868606(-)
2012-2013 91.38 0.113964335 0.104140609(-8.6) 1,097,515 1,097,515(-) 5,630,423,092 5630423092(-)
2006-2007 91.25 0.110233196 0.100587791(-8.7) 1,030,731 1,030,731(-) 3,956,281,600 4767755856.29(20.5)
2007-2008 90.92 0.106200274 0.096557289(-9.1) 1,062,786 1,062,786(-) 4,407,024,988 4916029667.76(11.5)
2004-2005 88.3 0.104663923 0.092418244(-11.7) 1,006,547 1,006,547(-) 4,228,202,400 4655890192.38(10.1)
2005-2006 86.63 0.105624143 0.091502195(-13.4) 999,318 999,318(-) 4,003,917,700 4622451684.09(15.4)
2010-2011 86.59 0.106886145 0.092552713(-13.4) 1,030,107 1,030,107(-) 4,650,005,238 4764869477.93(2.5)
2001-2002 84.85 0.108312757 0.091903374(-15.2) 953,078 953,078(-) 3,463,026,720 4408563646.58(27.3)
2002-2003 82.01 0.106639232 0.087454834(-18.0) 943,772 943,772(-) 3,405,765,164 4365517753.91(28.2)
2009-2010 81.12 0.109849108 0.089109597(-18.9) 994,399 994,399(-) 4,780,240,621 4780240621(-)
2003-2004 80.19 0.104087791 0.083468(-19.8) 950,689 950,689(-) 3,768,891,364 4397513073.01(16.7)
1997-1998 66.05 0.110241975 0.072814825(-34.0) 636,921 636,921(-) 4,440,726,000 4440726000(-)
1999-2000 65.58 0.105817284 0.069394975(-34.4) 748,931 748,931(-) 3,411,363,110 3464259987.53(1.6)
2000-2001 62.83 0.114192593 0.071747206(-37.2) 747,460 747,460(-) 2,709,468,150 3457455720.59(27.6)
1998-1999 55.79 0.10534321 0.058770977(-44.2) 678,576 678,576(-) 3,630,610,000 3630610000(-)
1997 25.97 0.137755102 0.035775(-74.0) 306,666 306,666(-) 2,358,874,000 2358874000(-)
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