BS en 45545-5-2013

BS EN 45545-5:2013
SUPPLIED BY BSB UNDER LICENCE FROM BSI FOR RESEARCH DESIGNS & STANDARDS ORGANISATION (RDSO) - LUCKNOW ON 08/03/2014
BSI Standards Publication
Railway applications — Fire

protection on railway vehicles
Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical
equipment including that of trolley buses,
track guided buses and magnetic levitation
vehicles
BS EN 45545-5:2013 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 45545-5:2013.
It supersedes DD CLC/TS 45545-5:2009, which is withdrawn, and together
with BS EN 45545-1:2013, BS EN 45545-2:2013, BS EN 45545-3:2013,
BS EN 45545-4:2013, BS EN 45545-6:2013 and BS EN 45545-7:2013,
it supersedes BS 6853:1999 which will be withdrawn on 10 December
2015.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

Committee FSH/19, Fire Precautions in Railway Transport.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be

obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2013.

Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013
ISBN 978 0 580 71344 6

ICS 13.220.20; 45.060.01
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the

Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 45545-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2013
ICS 13.220.20; 45.060.01 Supersedes CLC/TS 45545-5:2009
English version
Railway applications -
Fire protection on railway vehicles -
Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment including that of
trolley buses, track guided buses and magnetic levitation vehicles
Applications ferroviaires - Bahnanwendungen -

Protection contre les incendies dans les Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen -
véhicules ferroviaires - Teil 5: Brandschutzanforderungen an die
Partie 5: Exigences de sécurité incendie elektrische Ausrüstung einschließlich der
pour l'équipement électrique, y compris von Oberleitungsbussen, spurgeführten
celui des trolleybus, des autobus guidés et Bussen und Magnetschwebefahrzeugen
des véhicules à sustentation magnétique
This European Standard was approved by on 2012-12-10. members are bound to comply with the
CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status
of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
Ref. No. EN 45545-5:2013 E

BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................5
3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................5
4 General requirements ......................................................................................................................5
5 Design requirements........................................................................................................................6
5.1 Overload protection .........................................................................................................................6
5.2 Cabling .............................................................................................................................................6
5.3 Electrical arc protection devices ..................................................................................................... 7
5.4 Enclosure for electrical equipment ................................................................................................. 8
5.5 Cable ducts.......................................................................................................................................8
5.6 Batteries and battery supply circuits .............................................................................................. 8
5.7 Switchgear ........................................................................................................................................9
5.8 Electrical emergency equipment ..................................................................................................... 9
5.9 Bonding .......................................................................................................................................... 10
5.10 Resistors and heating equipment ................................................................................................. 10
5.11 Locations exposed to current collection arcing ........................................................................... 10
5.12 Forced ventilated equipment (including heating, cooling and air conditioning)......................... 10
5.13 Flammable liquids used for insulation and cooling ..................................................................... 10
6 Maintainability ................................................................................................................................ 11
6.1 Maintenance requirements ............................................................................................................ 11
6.2 Modification of electrical equipment ............................................................................................. 11
7 Evaluation of conformity................................................................................................................ 11
Annex ZZ (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC .................................................................................... 12
Bibliography................................................................................................................................................ 14
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 45545-5:2013) has been prepared by the CEN/CENELEC Joint Working Group “Fire
protection for railway applications” of CEN/TC 256 "Railway applications" and CENELEC/TC 9X "Electrical
and electronic applications for railways".
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has (dop) 2013-12-10

to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2015-12-10
standards conflicting with this
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CLC/TS 45545-5:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this
document.
This series of European standards Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles consists of:
 Part 1: General;
 Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components;
 Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers;
 Part 4: Fire safety requirements for railway rolling stock design;
 Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment including that of trolley buses, track guided buses
and magnetic levitation vehicles;
 Part 6: Fire control and management systems;
 Part 7: Fire safety requirements for flammable liquid and flammable gas installations.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard has been developed from existing fire safety regulations for railway vehicles from the
International Union of Railways (UIC) and different European countries.
In using the operation and design categories defined in EN 45545-1, the requirements laid down in the
different parts of EN 45545 will take into account the current operating conditions for European public rail
transport.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
1 Scope
This Part of EN 45545 specifies the fire safety requirements for electrical equipment on railway vehicles,
including that of trolley buses, track guided buses and magnetic levitation vehicles.
The measures and requirements, specified in this European Standard meet the objective of protecting
passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board by:
 lowering the risk of starting a fire both during operation and as a result of technical defect and/or
malfunction of the electrical equipment,
 ensuring that electrical emergency equipment continues to be functional until evacuation is complete
(see EN 45545-6).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 45545-1:2013, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 1: General
EN 45545-2:2013, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 2: Requirements for fire
behavior of materials and components
EN 45545-3:2013, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 3: Fire resistance
requirements for fire barriers
EN 45545-4, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 4: Fire safety requirements for
rolling stock design
EN 45545-6, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 6: Fire control and
management systems
EN 50124-1, Railway applications — Insulation coordination — Part 1: Basic requirements — Clearances and
creepage distances for all electrical and electronic equipment
EN 50125-1, Railway applications — Environmental conditions for equipment — Part 1: Equipment on board
rolling stock
EN 50153, Railway applications — Rolling stock — Protective provisions relating to electrical hazards
EN 50343, Railway applications — Rolling stock — Rules for installation of cabling
EN 61140, Protection against electric shock — Common aspects for installation and equipment (IEC 61140)
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 45545-1:2013 apply.
4 General requirements
The electrical design requirements used for railway vehicles are supplemented by the design requirements of
this European Standard.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
In addition to the design requirements of this European Standard, electrical equipment shall be designed to
withstand the mechanical, electrical and thermal stresses which are likely to be encountered in operation (see
EN 50125-1).
The requirements for cabling and integrity of connection are specified in EN 50343.
The requirements for fire behaviour properties of materials are specified in EN 45545-2.
5 Design requirements
5.1 Overload protection
When selecting the method and setting of overload protection to be installed between the current collectors
and current consumers of a railway vehicle, consideration shall be given to the following:
 values of the short circuit currents;
 duration of these short circuit currents;
 any load side components which may modify the fault characteristics, e. g. the main filter reactor in a
traction converter;
 characteristics of the power supply and its protection devices.
Where neither pole of the power supply is bonded to earth, the overload protection shall be on both poles of
the supply line (e. g. trolley buses).
When selecting the method and settings of other overload protection devices (e.g. fuses and circuit breakers)
consideration shall be given to the following:
 the normal load;
 line impedance;
 source impedance;
 short circuit characteristics;
 breaking capability of the overload protection device.
The unprotected parts of circuits shall be as short as possible; this shall be achieved by ensuring that
protective devices and transducers for protective devices are installed as close as possible to the source of
supply.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent a protective device from reclosing on to a known fault, where the
electrical equipment is not capable of withstanding the fault current.
Precautions may be:
 preferably fault detection equipment design;
 operation instruction.
5.2 Cabling
High power cables shall be contained in a metallic duct or a metallic conduit earth bonded to the body if they
are running:
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
 behind or inside walls;
 below floors or above ceilings of passenger or staff areas;
 or if they are passing in or through ventilation ducts, which are connected to passenger or staff areas.
Where the line supply protection device cannot be relied upon to operate within 250 ms after the occurrence
of a fault, a device (arc extinguishing device) shall be fitted which can prevent progression of the arc through it
along the line supply cable(s).
Any cable, where reliance can be placed on the line supply protection device, and any cable that is protected
by an arc extinguishing device, shall either be:
 additionally insulated from the body or underframe to reduce the probability of short circuit arcing initiated
by mechanical damage;
 or placed in a metallic tube or a metallic conduit which is earth bonded to the body of the railway vehicle
to reduce the probability of mechanical damage and to ensure the operation of the line supply protection
device.
These requirements do not apply to flexible connecting cables between body and bogies, but an arc
extinguishing device may be fitted at any position in the cabling.
If the arc extinguishing device is based on an arc resisting material then this material should typically be a
Type B arc barrier material.
Precautions shall be taken to ensure that vibration, thermal cycling, expansion/contraction and flexing do not
cause damage to cabling and that mechanical stress is not transmitted to connections.
5.3 Electrical arc protection devices
5.3.1 Arc splash barrier
An arc splash barrier is a device to offer protection against incandescent metal particles arising from making
and/or breaking high power electrical contacts.
The material properties are defined as listed product E3C in Table 2 of EN 45545-2:2013.
5.3.2 Arc barrier Type A
A type A arc barrier is a device to contain an electrical arc of short duration, resulting from the normal
operation of high power equipment, within a prescribed region.
The material properties are defined as listed product E3A in Table 2 of EN 45545-2:2013.
The fire resistance is defined as E15 in 5.3 of EN 45545-3:2013.
5.3.3 Arc barrier Type B
A type B arc barrier is a device to contain an electrical arc, resulting from a failure of high power equipment,
within a prescribed region.
The material properties are defined as listed product E3B in Table 2 of EN 45545-2:2013.
The fire resistance is defined as E60 in 5.4 of EN 45545-3:2013.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
5.4 Enclosure for electrical equipment
The principal function of an electrical equipment enclosure is to provide an appropriate degree of protection of
equipment against external influences and a defined degree of protection against contact with live parts from
any direction.
Where there is a risk of explosion from combustible gases inside the enclosure, measures shall be taken to
safely disperse the gases or to release the overpressure.
Where EN 45545-3 requires that a fire barrier or partition is installed between electrical equipment and a
passenger area and/or staff area, then the enclosure may be designed to provide this protection. In doing so,
the principal function of the enclosure shall not be affected.
If the enclosure is not designed to fulfil the requirements of EN 45545-3, then a fire barrier or partition shall be
positioned between the enclosure and the passenger area and/or staff area to give the required protection.
On equipment with unprotected circuits without overcurrent or transient protection, the railway vehicle shall be
protected from the effects of arcing by the use of any one or any combination of the following solutions as
appropriate:
 clearance and creepage distances for overvoltage category OV4 quoted in EN 50124-1 to reduce arc risk;
 arc barriers Type A or Type B;
 arc splash barriers;
 thermal barriers providing protection against excessive heat.
5.5 Cable ducts
Precautions shall be taken to prevent the build up of moisture and/or fluids in tubes, conduits and ducts for
cabling.
The dimensions of tubes, conduits and ducts for cables shall be such that the designed operating temperature
of the cables is not exceeded.
5.6 Batteries and battery supply circuits
Gases from batteries shall be vented to the exterior of the railway vehicle and shall not be vented into a
passenger area or a staff area.
Inside the battery boxes, where gases from batteries are present, electrical components shall not be placed,
except:
 temperature sensor (s) to measure the battery temperature;
 connectors and cables for the battery and the temperature sensor(s).
Cables between the battery and the battery protective devices shall be insulated against short circuits. Either
one or both of the following shall be used:
 supplementary insulation of the cable according to EN 61140;
 internal insulation of the battery box with at least an electrolyte resistant insulation varnish.
Where neither pole of a battery is bonded to the railway vehicle body, protective devices shall be fitted to both
poles. If the battery layout needs interconnection cables between separate battery enclosures, only the
external poles, not the interconnection cables, shall have protective devices against battery circuit overcurrent.
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EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
5.7 Switchgear
Switching devices shall be installed so that, for any switching operation within the declared rating of the
device, switching arcs reach neither flammable parts nor metallic parts connected to the railway vehicle body.
Arc splash barriers or arc barriers Type A may be used for this purpose.
Any part of a container filled with flammable liquid (e. g. mineral oil, fuel) shall not form part of another
enclosure housing high power switchgear.
Switching devices shall be able to withstand the current flow, which can occur, dependent upon the
characteristics of the circuit protective device, but the switching device does not have to interrupt this current.
The operating coils of switching devices shall not be capable of causing a fire to start if the moving parts of the
switching device fail to operate.
5.8 Electrical emergency equipment
The following electrical design rules are in addition to the requirements of EN 45545-4.
Electrical equipment used in the emergency functions identified in EN 45545-6 shall be designed and installed
in the following manner:
 all the electrical equipment shall be designed and installed in such a way that its integrity is ensured until
no longer required for evacuation;
 cables used for emergency functions can be grouped together but shall be installed so that they are
separated from high power cables.
This separation is achieved if they pass through separate tubes or channels or if they are installed in the same
channel but separated by a cable duct partition so that the cables continue to function until no longer required
for evacuation.
To help reduce the time that passengers and staff are confined to an area affected by fire, it may be
necessary to design and/or install certain electrical functions, for example:
 communication;
 control of traction;
 control of brakes;
 control of doors and emergency – exits;
 trainbus control;
 fire fighting;
 fire detection;
such that they continue to be available until no longer required for evacuation.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
5.9 Bonding
The dimensions of protective bonding shall be in accordance with EN 50153.
Compliance with these design rules for protection against electrical hazards also ensures compliance with
respect to fire protection.
5.10 Resistors and heating equipment
Measures shall be taken to prevent the risk of fire in areas where resistors and heating equipment have a
surface temperature of 200 °C or more under normal or fault operating conditions.
Any one or any combination of the following are suitable measures:
 provision of sufficient distance between the resistor and/or heating equipment and any flammable
material;
 avoidance of the fall and accumulation of dirt on protective grills;
 the use of non-combustible insulation between the resistors and/or heating equipment and any flammable
material;
 the use of radiation protection plates between the resistors and/or heating equipment and any flammable
material;
 the use of two separate levels of protective device, each capable of independently cutting off the energy
supply to the heating equipment or resistors:
 the first level shall be resettable by operating staff or shall automatically reset;
 the second level shall be resettable by maintenance staff only;
 one of these two levels shall detect overtemperature;
 level one protection may be provided by an indication to the occupied drivers cab so long as the
driver can switch off the energy supply by a means that is independent of level two.
5.11 Locations exposed to current collection arcing
Components that are in the vicinity of the current collector, and which can be reached by the effects of arcs
from the current collector, shall fulfil the requirements for the materials specified in EN 45545-2.
5.12 Forced ventilated equipment (including heating, cooling and air conditioning)
In the event of a fire, the airflow from forced ventilated equipment, which could affect passengers and/or staff,
shall be capable of being shut down. Further requirements are set out in EN 45545-4 and EN 45545-6.
5.13 Flammable liquids used for insulation and cooling
Flammable liquids shall not be used for insulation and cooling of high-powered devices unless this is
unavoidable for technical reasons.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
6 Maintainability
6.1 Maintenance requirements
Electrical equipment that requires maintenance shall be easily accessible.
Electrical equipment shall be maintained so that potential ignition sources do not develop during the life of the
equipment.
The quality and frequency of maintenance shall be sufficient to prevent the risk of fire and normally includes
one or more of the following activities:
 inspection;
 cleaning;
 repair;
 replacement;
 testing.
These requirements, together with any inspection and/or testing requirements, shall be declared by the
supplier.
6.2 Modification of electrical equipment
Modifications to electrical equipment shall meet all of the requirements of this European Standard and shall
not adversely affect the initial fire safety rules.
7 Evaluation of conformity
See EN 45545-1.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
Annex ZZ
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential
Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2008/57/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this
standard given in Table ZZ.1 for High Speed Rail Rolling Stock, Table ZZ.2 for Conventional Rail Locomotive
and Passenger Rolling Stock and Table ZZ.3 for Safety in Railway Tunnels confers, within the limits of the
scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that
Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZZ.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the HS TSI Rolling Stock
(published in the Official Journal L 84 on 26 March 2008) and Directive 2008/57/EC
Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Chapter/§/points/ Essential Requirements Comments

of this European of HS TSI RST (ER) of Directive
Standards 2008/57/EC
The whole standard is 4.2.7.2 Fire safety 1. General Requirements EN 45545 specifies
applicable general features to be
1.1 Safety; 1.1.4 implemented in the
design and manufactu-
ring of Rolling stock.
2.4 Rolling Stock
2.4.1 Safety; 8th§
2.4.2 Reliability and

availability
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
Table ZZ.2 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the CR TSI Locomotive and
Passenger Rolling Stock (published in the Official Journal L 139 on 26 May 2011) and
Directive 2008/57/EC

of this European of CR TSI LOC&PAS (ER) of Directive
The whole standard is 4.2.10. Fire safety and 1. General Requirements EN 45545 specifies
applicable evacuation general features to be
1.1 Safety; 1.1.4 implemented in the
2.4 Rolling Stock
2.4.1 Safety; 8th§

availability
Table ZZ.3 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the CR/HS TSI Safety in
Railway Tunnels (published in the Official Journal L 64 on 07 March 2008) and Directive
2008/57/EC

of this European of HS/CR TSI SRT (ER) of Directive
The whole standard is 1.1.3 Fire safety 1. General Requirements EN 45545 specifies
applicable categories of passenger general features to be
rolling stock 1.1 Safety; 1.1.4 implemented in the
2.4 Rolling Stock
2.4.1 Safety; 8th§

availability
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard.
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BS EN 45545-5:2013
EN 45545-5:2013 (E)
Bibliography
2008/57/EC, Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the
interoperability of the rail system within the Community.
2008/232/EC, Commission Decision of 21 February 2008 concerning the technical specification for
interoperability relating to the rolling stock subsystem of the trans-European high-speed rail system referred to
in Article 6(1) of Directive 96/48/EC.
2011/291/EU, Commission Decision of 26 April 2011 concerning a technical specification for interoperability
relating to the rolling stock subsystem — ‘Locomotives and passenger rolling stock’ of the trans-European
conventional rail system.
14
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BS EN 45545-5:2013

Railway applications — Fire

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

© The British Standards Institution 2013.

ISBN 978 0 580 71344 6

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

This British Standard was published under the authority of the

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

ICS 13.220.20; 45.060.01 Supersedes CLC/TS 45545-5:2009

Applications ferroviaires - Bahnanwendungen -

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

Ref. No. EN 45545-5:2013 E

The following dates are fixed:

• latest date by which this document has (dop) 2013-12-10

This document supersedes CLC/TS 45545-5:2009.

 Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components;

 Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers;

 Part 4: Fire safety requirements for railway rolling stock design;

 Part 6: Fire control and management systems;

EN 45545-1:2013, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 1: General

EN 50343, Railway applications — Rolling stock — Rules for installation of cabling

3 Terms and definitions

5.1 Overload protection

 values of the short circuit currents;

 duration of these short circuit currents;

 characteristics of the power supply and its protection devices.

 the normal load;

 short circuit characteristics;

 breaking capability of the overload protection device.

Precautions may be:

 preferably fault detection equipment design;

 behind or inside walls;

 below floors or above ceilings of passenger or staff areas;

5.3 Electrical arc protection devices

5.3.1 Arc splash barrier

5.3.2 Arc barrier Type A

5.3.3 Arc barrier Type B

5.4 Enclosure for electrical equipment

 arc barriers Type A or Type B;

 arc splash barriers;

 thermal barriers providing protection against excessive heat.

5.5 Cable ducts

5.6 Batteries and battery supply circuits

 temperature sensor (s) to measure the battery temperature;

 supplementary insulation of the cable according to EN 61140;

5.8 Electrical emergency equipment

 control of doors and emergency – exits;

The dimensions of protective bonding shall be in accordance with EN 50153.

Any one or any combination of the following are suitable measures:

 avoidance of the fall and accumulation of dirt on protective grills;

 the second level shall be resettable by maintenance staff only;

 one of these two levels shall detect overtemperature;

5.11 Locations exposed to current collection arcing

5.13 Flammable liquids used for insulation and cooling

6.1 Maintenance requirements

Electrical equipment that requires maintenance shall be easily accessible.

6.2 Modification of electrical equipment

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Chapter/§/points/ Essential Requirements Comments

2.4 Rolling Stock