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CRELect1 - Mole Balances
CRELect1 - Mole Balances
Semester 1 2023/2024
Course Intructor: Ts. Dr. Noor Maizura Ismail
Synopsis: The purpose of this course is to provide the students with the
rationale in chemical kinetics in the design of chemical reactors
and to solve practical problems and are useful in process control
systems and plant design process where chemical engineering
principles and applications will be used to build plants that work
economically, safely, environment-friendly and without raising
concerns in the society.
Prerequisites: None
Course Outcomes: By the end of the course the students will be able to
• To solve fundamentals of chemical kinetics (CO1) – PO1
• To design the chemical reactors (CO2) – PO2
• To identify, formulate, and chemical engineering design
problems. (CO3) – PO2
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Assessments:
Assessment wt% CO PO
Assignments 10 1, 2 1
Project 20 1, 2 1
Tests 30 1, 2 2,3
Final Examination 40 1, 2 2,3
Lecture Time:
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Introduction & Definition
• Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the
discipline that quantifies the interactions of
transport phenomena and reaction kinetics in
relating reactor performance to operating
conditions and feed variables.
• Examples of application:
• Waste treatment
• Microelectronics
• Nanoparticles
• Manufacture of chemicals & pharmaceuticals
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Fuel Cell Pharmacokinetics: Smog Modeling
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
3. Isomerization
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Examples of Reaction Rate
• For a reaction:
AB
If Species B is being formed at a rate of 0.2 moles per
decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Reaction Rate
• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of
disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis
(mol/gcat/s). NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction.
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
1. 2 The General Mole Balance Equation
Balance on a system volume
Nj = no. of
moles of
species j
in syst, at
time t
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Rate of Rate of
generation formation Reaction
of species j, of species j vol.
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Taking limits s & integral,
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
1. 3 Batch Reactors
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Mole balance:
0 0
Consider isomerization of A;
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Moles of A
Moles of B
What is the time, t required to reduce initial no of moles, NA0 to final moles, NA1??
Apply eqn. (1-5):
To obtain:
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
1. 4 Continuous-Flow Reactors
1.4.1 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
Vat/backmix reactor
0 Steady state
(condition do
not change
with time)
Perfect mixing (no spatial variation in rate of rxn):
(1-7)
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Concentration of
species
Molar flow Volumetric
rate flow rate
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
1.4.2 Tubular Reactor
• Steady state
• Consists of cylindrical
pipe
• Gas phase rxns
• Flow field modeled by
plug flow profile
• No radial variation in
rxn rate
• Referred as plug-flow
reactor
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
The general mole balance eqn:
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Divide by V and rearrange:
The bracket
term
resembles
definition of
derivative
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Imagine we have irregular shape?
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Again, consider isomerization of A;
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
1.4.3 Packed-Bed Reactor
Diff btw calc for homogeneous and fluid solid heterogeneous is we need to
consider rxn on surface of catalyst, W rather on on vol, V of reactor.
Rate of rxn:
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
• Derivation of design eqn.
analogous to the tubular design
eqn.
• Replace vol. coordinate in Eqn.1-10
with catalyst weight, W
No radial gradients in conc, T, & rxn rate, hence the mole balance:
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Divide by W, and take limit as W 0, yield the differential form
of packed-bed reactor.
KC32203 Chemical
Reaction Engineering
Summary of Reactor Mole Balances