Review Notes Review Notes SCIENCES Strength of Materials

STRESS ❑ Q1: LONGITUDINAL STRESS

An iron column of annular cross-section has an
STRESS outside diameter of 200mm and is subjected to
a force of 75kN. Find the thickness of the wall if
the allowable compressive stress is 10MPa.
Ans. 12.75mm
❑ Double Shear
UNITS: N/m^2 = Pa lbf/in^2 = psi ❑ Q2:
N/mm^2 = MPa kip/in^2 = ksi A steel tie rod on bridge must be made to
withstand a pull of 5000lbs. Find the diameter
❑ STRESS TERMINOLOGIES of the rod assuming a factor of safety of 5 and
❑ Simple Stress – condition under the ultimate stress of 64,000psi. Ans. 0.705in
which stress is constant or
uniform
❑ Allowable Stress (Working ❑ Q3:
Stress) – stress for material not A single bolt is used to lap joint two steel bars ❑ HOLLOW SPHERICAL VESSEL
to breakdown together. Tensile force on the bar is 20,000N.
Determine the diameter of the bolt required if TANGENTIAL/LONGITUDINAL STRESS
❑ Punching Shear the allowable shearing stress on it is 70MPa.
Ans. 19.07mm

❑ Q4:
Determine the maximum thickness of metal
plate in which a 7.5cm diameter hole can be
punched, if the plate has an ultimate shearing
strength of 4245kg per square cm and the
punch can exert a max. force of 200 metric tons.
❑ TYPES OF STRESS Ans. 2cm

❑ AXIAL STRESS ❑ THIN-WALLED TANKS

TANGENTIAL/CIRCUMFERENTIAL/HOOP ❑ Q5:
STRESS A water reservoir of 24 m high and 12 m in
diameter is to be completely filled with water.
❑ BEARING STRESS
Find the minimum thickness of the reservoir
plating if the stress is limited to 50 MPa. Ans.
28.25mm

❑ Q6:
A thin hollow spherical container has a radius
300 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm is subjected
to an internal pressure. Determine the internal
❑ SHEARING STRESS pressure if the tensile stress of an element in
the sphere is 360 kPa. Ans. 6 kPa
❑ Single Shear
 Review Notes Review Notes SCIENCES Strength of Materials

STRAIN HOOKE’S LAW Modulus of Rigidity:

TYPES OF STRAIN Stress is proportional to strain

•
Young’s Modulus of common materials

Steel = 200 GPa (or 210GPa)

LATERAL STRAIN Aluminum = 70 GPa ❑ Q7:
Copper = 117 GPa A steel rod having a cross sectional area of 300 TYPES OF DEFORMATION
mm^2 and a length of 250 m is suspended
DEFORMATION vertically from one end. It supports a load of 20 THERMAL STRESS
kN at the lower end. If the unit mass of steel is
TYPES OF DEFORMATION 7850 kg/m^3 and E=200 GPa, find the total
elongation of the rod.
AXIAL DEFORMATION Ans. 95.36 mm
THERMAL STRAIN
❑ Q8:
An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a
steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in the
figure. Axial loads are applied at the positions Linear Expansion
indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will
not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in
aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.
Poisson’s Ratio: Ans. P = 10kN Area Expansion

Volume Expansion

SHEAR STRAIN

SHEARING DEFORMATION
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STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM MODULUS OF RESILIENCE

work done on a unit volume of material
as the force is gradually increased from O to P
area under the stress-strain curve
from the origin O to up to the elastic limit E

MODULUS OF TOUGHNESS SOLID SHAFT ❑ Q13:

work done on a unit volume of material A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 3.5 cm
as the force is gradually increased from O to R an outer diameter of 6 cm. Determine the torque
area under the entire stress-strain if the shear stress is not to exceed 120 Mpa.
curve (from O to R) Ans. 4.5 kN-m

❑ Q11: ❑ Q14:
The ordinate to the stress-strain curve such that A 1.5 cm solid shaft rotates at 1800 rpm. If the
the material has a predetermined permanent allowable torsional shearing stress is 50 Mpa,
deformation when the load is removed is called what power in kW the said shaft can transmit?
____ of the material. Ans. 6.24 Kw
a. specific strength
b. working strength HOLLOW SHAFT ❑ Q15:
c. yield strength What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel
d. ultimate strength shaft that will not twist through more than 3° in
a 6-m length when subjected to a torque of 12
❑ Q12: kN m? Use G=83 GPa. Ans. 113.98 mm
Where is the necking region?
a. The area between lower yield point and HELLICAL SPRING
upper yield point
b. The area between the plastic limit and MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS
elastic limit
PROPORTIONAL LIMIT c. The area between the ultimate point and
stress is directly proportional to strain initial point ANGLE OF TWIST
d. The area between the ultimate point and
ELASTIC LIMIT rupture
limit beyond which the material will no
longer go back to its original shape when the TORSION
load is removed

YIELD POINT
point at which the material will have an
appreciable elongation or yielding without any
increase in load

ULTIMATE STRENGTH POWER TRANSMITTED BY THE SHAFT

maximum stress that a material can
withstand while being stretched or pulled before
breaking

RAPTURE STRENGTH
also known as breaking strength
stress in a material just before it yields
in a flexure test.

SPRING DEFORMATION
Spring Constant:
Springs connected in PARALLEL:
Review Notes Review Notes SCIENCES Strength of Materials
Springs connected in SERIES:
❑ Q16:
A heavy duty helical spring is to be made by
wrapping a steel rod 10 mm in radius around
forming cylinder 140 mm in diameter. If the
elongation and shearing stress are limited to
100mm and 140 MPa, respectively, how many
turns are required approximately? G = 83GPa
Ans. 21 turns
❑ Q17:
Three springs with the same constant
connected in series parallel, and a 2-kg object
attached at one end of a spring, as shown in
figure. Spring constant is k1=k2=k3= 300 N/m.
What is the change in length of the three
springs. Acceleration due to gravity is g=10
m.s^-2. Ans. 0.1 m