1. How did the 9/11 attacks shape George Bush’s point of view?

George Bush’s Address to the Nation on the September 11 Attacks

Good evening. Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack
in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes, or in their
offices; secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers; moms and dads,
friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of
terror.
The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have
filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass
murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed; our
country is strong.
A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the
foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These
acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.
America was targeted for attack because we’re the brightest beacon for freedom and
opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from shining.
Today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature. And we responded with the best of
America — with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers and neighbors
who came to give blood and help in any way they could.
Immediately following the first attack, I implemented our government’s emergency response
plans. Our military is powerful, and it’s prepared. Our emergency teams are working in New
York City and Washington, DC, to help with local rescue efforts.
Our first priority is to get help to those who have been injured, and to take every precaution to
protect our citizens at home and around the world from further attacks.
The functions of our government continue without interruption. Federal agencies in Washington
which had to be evacuated today are reopening for essential personnel tonight, and will be open
for business tomorrow. Our financial institutions remain strong, and the American economy will
be open for business, as well.
The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts. I’ve directed the full resources
of our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and to bring
them to justice. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts
and those who harbor them.
I appreciate so very much the members of Congress who have joined me in strongly
condemning these attacks. And on behalf of the American people, I thank the many world
leaders who have called to offer their condolences and assistance.
America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the world,
and we stand together to win the war against terrorism. Tonight, I ask for your prayers for all
those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of
safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater
than any of us, spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: “Even though I walk through the valley of
the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me.”
This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and
peace. America has stood down enemies before, and we will do so this time. None of us will
ever forget this day. Yet, we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our
world.

Thank you. Good night, and God bless America.”

Source: https://georgewbush-
whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/bushrecord/documents/Selected_Speeches_George_W_Bush.p
df

A. The attacks made George Bush afraid of what was to come next because there could be
more attacks
B. The attacks made George Bush see the country was in a state of emergency and that it
needed strong leadership.
C. The attacks were a surprise, so that is why George Bush did not know what to say in the
speech he gave
D. The attacks made George Bush feel that the United State’s place in the world was now
uncertain
 2. Based on the document, how did New Jersey in the 18th century differ from the federal
government in its practice of separation of powers?
Separation of Powers in the US Constitution

Some US states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey,
the Governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding
officer of one house of the New Jersey Legislature. The President of Delaware was a member of
the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served
in the executive department as Vice Presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of
the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern
states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia
all kept the branches of government “separate and distinct.”

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

A. The executive, legislative, and judicial branches’ powers were intertwined.

B. The legislature in New Jersey had the power to choose the governor
C. They were both the same
D. The Supreme Court in the United States of America was run by the president

3. Based on the passage, which of the following is true?

America and the Cold War

In 1945 World War II ended and much of Europe lay in ruins. More than 43 million of its
countrymen were dead. Hitler’s Nazi dream had been defeated, and through the waste hopes of
liberty swelled. Even as German representatives signed documents of surrender, however,
Europe found itself carved up among the victors. Much of Germany, half its capital city of
Berlin, and most of Eastern Europe were controlled by the communist Red Army of the Soviet
Union.

At a wartime conference in the Crimean city of Yalta, the Allied powers of America, Great
Britain, and the Soviet Union agreed to a partitioning of Germany and for free elections to be
held throughout Europe following Germany’s unconditional surrender. By 1946 it was
becoming clear that free elections would not be held in the Soviet-controlled areas. An
American Foreign Service officer serving in Moscow gave focus to those fears. He described in
a telegram sent to Washington that the world was being divided into competing spheres of
capitalism and communism. Capitalism was embraced by the United States and Western
Europe; it is the economic system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by
private companies and individuals for profit. Communism was the economic system of the
Soviet Union and most of the Eastern European countries that it occupied; it is the economic
system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by the government, which
represents all citizens. The American Foreign Service officer wrote to Washington saying that
the coming battle “will decide [the] fate of capitalism and of communism in [the] entire world."

The coming battle would be called the Cold War, and it would be unlike anything America had
ever seen. In the Pacific, the world war had ended punctuated by twin mushroom clouds colored
by ash that seconds before had been the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. If the zones
in Europe began to shape the political and geographical boundaries of the Cold War, the
radioactive plumes that swelled over the ruined Asian cities gave shape to the fears of the Cold
War.

In this new kind of war, begun in 1945 and lasting until 1991, the front lines would be defined
less by massed armies and more by ideological arguments. Rather than generals directing their
troops, agencies would send forth spies. Instead of the war’s two titans meeting one another on
the battlefield, substitute armies would test resolve in remote corners of the globe. The lexicon
of the Cold War would be changed, and the world would learn of atoms, half-life, fall-out, and
intercontinental ballistic missiles. The Cold War was indeed a new breed of war and would
profoundly test America’s spirit, leadership, and way of life.

Source: https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/museum/exhibits/ColdWar/intro.html

A. During the Vietnam and Korean Wars, the United States was involved in the Cold War
B. After Vietnam, the United States became involved in the Cold War
C. The Cold War began before World War II and continued until 1992
D. The Cold War began at the end of the Second World War and continued until 1991.
 4. Why does President Obama believe in the implementation of the Post-9/11 GI Bill?
An Excerpt of the Remarks by the President on the Post-9/11 GI Bill
“I want to join all of today's speakers in thanking those of you who worked so hard to make this
occasion possible. But above all, I want to pay tribute to the veterans who are now advancing
their dreams by pursuing an education.
Obviously I'm honored to be here, and to renew our commitment to ensure that the men and
women who wear the uniform of the United States of America get the opportunities that they
have earned. I was a proud co-sponsor of the Post-9/11 GI Bill as senator. I'm committed to
working with Secretary Shinseki to see that it is successfully implemented as President.
And we do this not just to meet our moral obligation to those who've sacrificed greatly on our
behalf and on behalf of the country. We do it because these men and women must now be
prepared to lead our nation in the peaceful pursuit of economic leadership in the 21st century.
This generation of servicemen and women has already earned a place of honor in American
history. Each of them signed up to serve, many after they knew that they would be sent into
harm's way. Over the last eight years, they have endured tour after tour of duty in dangerous and
distant places. They've experienced grueling combat -- from the streets of Fallujah to the harsh
terrain of Helmand Province. They've adapted to complex insurgencies, protected local
populations, and trained foreign security forces. So by any measure, they are the authors of one
of the most extraordinary chapters of military service in the history of our nation.
And I don't make that statement lightly. For we know that anyone who puts on the uniform joins
an unbroken line of selfless patriots that stretches back to Lexington and Concord. The freedom
and prosperity that we enjoy would not exist without the service of generations of Americans
who were willing to bear the heaviest and most dangerous burden.
But we also know this: The contributions that our servicemen and women can make to this
nation do not end when they take off that uniform. We owe a debt to all who serve. And when
we repay that debt to those bravest Americans among us, then we are investing in our future --
not just their future, but also the future of our own country.”
United States President Obama
August 3, 2009
A. because he believes that Post-9/11 military personnel deserve more than any other group
of servicemen and women
B. because he wants to set the example for other countries
C. because he believes that the Post-9/11 GI Bill will bring peace to those who served as
active-duty members on or after September 11, 2001
D. because he believes that servicemen and women should be properly prepared to reenter
civilian life as leaders in the 21st century.
5. What event marked the beginning of mass extermination of the Jewish population by the
Nazis?

Holocaust Victims - Jews

Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy. It was the
explicit aim of Hitler's regime to create a European world both dominated and populated
by the "Aryan" race. The Nazi machinery was dedicated to eradicating millions of people
it deemed undesirable. Some people were undesirable by Nazi standards because of who
they were, their genetic or cultural origins, or health conditions. These included Jews,
Gypsies, Poles and other Slavs, and people with physical or mental disabilities. Others
were Nazi victims because of what they did. These victims of the Nazi regime included
Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, the dissenting clergy, Communists, Socialists,
asocials, and other political enemies.

Those believed by Hitler and the Nazis to be enemies of the state were banished to
camps. Inside the concentration camps, prisoners were forced to wear various colored
triangles, each color denoting a different group. The letters on the triangular badges
below designate the prisoners' countries of origin.

Antisemitism was a familiar part of European political life in the 1800s. Political
antisemitism was preceded by centuries of religious persecution of Europe's Jews. There
is evidence as early as 1919 that Hitler had a strong hatred of Jews. As Chancellor and
later Reichsfuhrer, Hitler translated these intense feelings into a series of policies and
statutes which progressively eroded the rights of German Jews from 1933-1939.

At first, the Nazis boycotted Jewish businesses for one day in April 1933. Then
legislation excluded Jews from certain professions. The Nuremberg Laws created very
detailed Nazi definitions of who was Jewish. Many people who never considered
themselves Jewish suddenly became targets of Nazi persecution.

The world accessible to German Jews narrowed. Jews were no longer allowed to enter
cinemas, theaters, swimming pools, and resorts. The publishing of Jewish newspapers
was suspended. Jews were required to carry identification cards and to wear Star of
David badges. On one night, Nazis burned synagogues and vandalized Jewish businesses.
The arrests and murders that followed intensified the fear Jews felt. Next, Jewish children
were barred from schools. Curfews restricted Jews' time of travel and Jews were banned
from public places. Germany began to expel Jews from within its borders.

Germany's invasion of Poland in late 1939 radicalized the Nazi regime's policy toward
Jews. Hitler turned to wholesale death of the European Jewish population. He swept
Jewish populations into ghettos in Eastern Europe. Simultaneously, mobile squads killed
millions. The next step was to send Jews to squalid concentration and death camps.
Approximately six million died for one reason: they were Jewish.

Source: https://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/people/victims.htm

A. Kristallnacht
B. passage of the Nuremberg Laws
C. Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia
D. Germany’s invasion of Poland.