Chapter 1

Executive Summary:
This executive report aims to provide recommendations for the solid waste management system
of a hostel construction project that will accommodate 1200 pupils. The report presents an
analysis of the potential waste generation, collection, transportation, and disposal methods,
along with a review of the relevant laws and regulations. Based on the analysis, the report
suggests a waste management strategy that is environmentally sustainable, economically
feasible, and socially acceptable.

Introduction:
The construction of a hostel for 1200 pupils is a significant undertaking that requires careful
consideration of the solid waste management system. A well-designed waste management
strategy can reduce environmental pollution, protect public health, and promote sustainable
development. This report aims to provide recommendations for a solid waste management
system that is tailored to the needs of the project and complies with the relevant laws and
regulations.

Waste Generation:
The construction of a hostel will generate various types of waste, such as construction debris,
packaging materials, and hazardous waste. In addition, once the hostel is operational, the daily
activities of the pupils will generate organic waste, paper, plastic, and other recyclable
materials. Based on the waste generation rate of similar projects, we estimate that the hostel
will generate approximately 0.5 tons of waste per day.

Waste Collection and Transportation:

To manage the waste generated by the hostel, a waste collection and transportation system must
be established. The waste should be segregated at the source into different categories, such as
organic waste, recyclable materials, and hazardous waste. The waste should then be collected
by trained personnel using appropriate equipment, such as waste bins and trolleys.

The waste should be transported to the disposal site using a suitable vehicle, such as a waste
compactor truck. The vehicle should be maintained regularly to ensure that it is in good
working condition and does not emit excessive pollutants. The waste should be transported to
a designated landfill site or a waste-to-energy facility, depending on the availability of
infrastructure and the environmental impact.

Waste Disposal:
The waste disposal method should be selected based on the waste characteristics, the
environmental impact, and the cost-effectiveness. In general, landfilling is the most common
method of waste disposal, but it has several environmental drawbacks, such as groundwater
contamination and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, alternative methods, such as waste-
to-energy and composting, should be considered.

Waste-to-energy facilities can convert the waste into electricity or heat, reducing the amount
of waste that needs to be landfilled and generating renewable energy. Composting can convert
organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner, which can be used for landscaping and
agriculture. Both methods have environmental benefits, but they require significant
investments in infrastructure and technology.

Regulatory Compliance:
The waste management system must comply with the relevant laws and regulations, such as
the Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) and the National
Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) regulations. The waste should be managed in
an environmentally sound manner, and the waste management system should be licensed by
the relevant authority.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the solid waste management system for the hostel construction project should
be designed to minimize the environmental impact, promote sustainable development, and
comply with the relevant laws and regulations. The waste should be segregated at the source,
collected and transported using appropriate equipment, and disposed of in a suitable manner.
Waste-to-energy and composting should be considered as alternative methods to landfilling,
and the waste management system should be licensed by the relevant authority.
CHAPTER 2
1.6.1 Solid Waste Management
Solid waste management is a term solid waste refers to the range of garbage arising from
animals and human activities that are discarded as unwanted and useless is generated from food
waste, paper waste or cardboard, plastic, rubbers, wood, bottles, glass, tin cans metal garden,
trimming fabrics or textiles and other waste of domestic relation.

COMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE IN UNIVERSITY HOSTEL, STORAGE AND

CLLECTION OF THE SOLID WASTE
Storage is the accumulating refuse to a considerable limit before it is disposed. The standard
size of skip container to be used is 12m3. A 240litter (0.24m3) bin will be provided for the
collection of the domestic waste from each floor. Collections deals with the means of
conveying the stored refuse to the dumping site or for disposal site. Skip container loading
trucks would be provided to move the waste to the disposal site. The waste would be collected
in 5 days within a week.
A combination of communal collection and floor to floor collection system is proposed. The
cleaners or laborers will be contracted to collect waste from room to room. Collection will be
done by collection crews who will enter each premise take out the container and
environmentally friendly collection practice.

Collection of solid waste will be done door to door spacing and location of the bins at sanity
areas would be fixe based on the waste load and odor into the residents.

1.6.2 Waste Collection Systema

SELECTION OF SYSTEM

From the table the possible option is a combination floor to floor or door to door and communal
station.

ADVANTAGES OF SELECTED COLLECTION SYSTEM

1) It gives you the clear picture of the floor that produce more waste
2) Reduces the number of transfer stations with their subsequent environment

VOLUME OF STORAGE CONTAINERS

The primary objective is to ensure that waste generated is properly stored to ease the collection
process. As such, it was important to know the sizes of the storage containers that will be used
be needed for the location in deciding the containers to be used outside storage the following
factors were taken into consideration.

1) Generation rate
2) Public health

CHAPTER 3
1.6.3 Sizing of Bin
WASTE GENERATION

Population of Students = 1200 students

Populations of others such as Porters, visitors, security personnel =162persons (estimated)

Total population = 1200+162 = 1362 people

Waste generation rate = 0.5kg/person/day

Estimated bulk density = 450kg/ m3

Waste collection frequency = once a week

POPULATION AND VOLUME OF SOLID WASTE ESTIMATION

Per capita = 0.5kg/day

Mass of waste = 0.5× designed population ×7

0.5×1362×7 = 4767kg

Density of the solid waste = 450kg/ m3

Density = Mass/Volume
Volume =mass/density = 4767/450

= 10.6 m3

Volume of solid waste = 10.6 m3 = 10600 litres

Using 240 litre bins,

Number of required bins = 10600/240

= 44.16 which is equivalent to 44 (240 litre) bins

44(240litre) bins are the minimum number of bins to use on the site

Using 30 litre bins for the rooms,

Number of required bins = 10600/30

= 353.33 which is equivalent to 353(30 litre) bins which would not be enough for the rooms in
the hostel.

The total number of 50 bins of 240 litre bins will be at the hostel. 10 bins provided at each floor
of the hostel at vintage points. These bins will be in pairs each point will have 2 bins one for
inorganic wastes and the other one for organic wastes. The rest of the bins located at the TV
rooms, study halls, administration/ porters’ office, entrance and car park. The remaining would
be kept alongside the street to allow people using the street dispose solid waste easily; this will
help keep the streets tidy.

We will also provide 680(30 litre) pedal bins, two in each room. One would be placed at the
kitchen for organic wastes only and one inside the room for inorganic waste.
1.6.4 Waste Treatment Option
1) Disposal to Sunyani metropolitan assembly site (a designation disposal site)
2) composing of solid waste

ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF THE BEST WASTE TREATMENT OPTION

Based on the ground condition of the proposed options, the following observations can be
made:

There is no enough space in the project area for the construction of any treatment facility
without being so close to the class rooms.

Incineration would be very expensive to be located in the area with its subsequent environment
pollution by smoke and other gaseous emissions beside there are no space for that. Therefore,
solid waste should be disposed directly without treatment

TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE

Trips to the disposal site will be made after the contents of number containers have been
collected and the sip container is full.
BINS