IS CODE BASED QUESTIONS

Ans. (d)
IS 10500 (1172) pH
1. Water requirement per day per bed in 250  pH = – log10[H+], [H+] is in moles/litre at
beds hospital according to IS 1172:1993 250c.
is?  pH is measured by Potentiometer.

(a) 340 liters (b) 450 litre  Ground water have pH value 6.5 to 8.5.
Gound water is considered soft. It contains (0-
(c) 180 liters (d) 150 liters 60) ppm hardness.
Ans. (b) According to IS 1172:1993, For hospitals,  6.5– 8.5 is acceptable limit (IS 10500: 2012).
the requirement is based on the number of (< 6.5 and > 9.2 is cause for rejection)
beds: 4. As per IS 10500:2012, for drinking water
Hospitals with less than 100 beds : 340 liters per in the absence of an alternate source of
bed per day. water, the permissible limits for chloride
Hospitals with more than 100 beds : 450 liters per and sulphate, in mg/L, respectively are
bed per day. (a) 1000 and 400 (b) 500 and 1000
2. As per IS 10500-2012, which of the fol- (c) 200 and 250 (d) 250 and 200
lowing Pollutant(s) have some relaxation Ans. (a) According to IS 10500:2012,
in their acceptable limits in the absence
Chloride: The permissible limit is 1000 mg/L.
of alternate sources of water?
Sulphate: The permissible limit is 400 mg/L
(i) Aluminium (as AI)
5. As per IS 10500:2012, the maximum de-
(ii) Ammonia (as total ammonia-N)
sirable limits of iron and fluorides for
(iii) Barium (as Ba) drinking water are
(iv) Boron (as B) (a) 0.3 and 0.5 Mg/L, respectively
(a) Only (i) (b) (i) and (iv) (b) 0.5 and 1.8 Mg/L, respectively
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii) (c) 0.3 and 1.5 Mg/L, respectively
Ans. (b) Aluminium and boron have relaxed ac- (d) 0.3 and 1.0 Mg/L, respectively
ceptable limits when no alternative water
Ans. (c)
source is available.
Aluminium : The permissible limit in the absence of DRINKING WATER (IS 10500-2012)
an alternate source is 0.2 mg/L Characteristic Requirement Permissible Limit in
(Acceptable the Absence of
Boron : The permissible limit in the absence of an
Limit Alternate Source
alternate source is 5 mg/L1 Colour 5 TCU 15 TCU
3. As per IS 10500:2012 (drinking water Taste and 1 TON 3 TON
specifications), the acceptable limit of pH Odour
value for drinking water shall lie in the pH value 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation
range of: Turbidity 1 NTU 5 NTU
Total Dissolved 500 ppm 2000 ppm
(a) 4.5 to 6.5 (b) 2.5 to 4.5
Solids
(c) 8.5 to 10.5 (d) 6.5 to 8.5
1
Chloride 250 ppm 1000 ppm putation of water requirement for factories
Fluoride 1 ppm 1.5 ppm where bathrooms are required to be pro-
Zinc 5 ppm 15 ppm vided, the percapita water requirement is
Lead 0.01 ppm No Relaxation to be take as:
Mercury 0.001 ppm No Relaxation
Total Arsenic 0.01 ppm 0.05 ppm (a) 45 litre per head/day
Total 200 ppm 600 ppm (b) 135 litre per head/day
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) (c) 70 litre per head/day
Iron (Fe) 0.3 ppm No Relaxation
Copper (Cu) 0.05 ppm 1.5 ppm (d) 30 litre per head/day
Magnesium 30 ppm 100 ppm Ans. (a)According to IS 1172:1993,
(Mg) Factories with bathrooms : 45 liters per head per day.
Manganese 0.1 ppm 0.3 ppm
Calcium (Ca) 75 ppm 200 ppm Factories without bathrooms : 30 liters per head per
Sulphate (SO4) 200 ppm 400 ppm day
Nickel (Ni) 0.02 ppm No Relaxation 9. As per IS 10500:2012 (drinking water
Free NH3 0.15 ppm 0.15 ppm specifications), the permissible limit for
Organic NH3 0.3 ppm 0.3 ppm the colour in the absence of alternate
Nitrite 0 0 source is ———.
Nitrate (NO3) 45 ppm No Relaxation
6. As per IS:1172, the domestic demand (in (a) 50 Hazen units (b) 15 Hazen units
liters) of water/day, under normal condi- (c) 5 Hazen units (d) 25 Hazen units
tions, for a family of 4 members will be: Ans. (b) As per IS 10500:2012 limit of the colour
(a) 500 (b) 540
(c) 480 (d) 520 In TCU In Hazen unit
Ans. (b) Permissible Limit 5 5
Cause of rejection 15 15
As per IS:1172-1963, under normal conditions, the
domestic consumption of water in India is about 135
 Colour caused by suspended & dissolved mat-
liters/day/capita.
ter in water is referred to as apparent colour or fake
Hence, the domestic demand (in litres) of water/day, colour.
under normal conditions, for a family of 4 members
 After suspended matter causing colour is re-
will be 4 × 135 = 540 liters. moved by centrifugation, the colour obtained
7. Which of the following IS-Code is used for is called true colour.
the basic requirements for water supply,  Measurement of colour is done in the units of
drainage and sanitation? TCU (True colour unit) or Hazen unit where 1 TCU
(a) IS 456 (b) IS 1035 (Part 32) is equal to colour produced by 1 ppm of platinum in
the form of chloroplatinate ions.
(c) IS 10500 (2012) (d) IS 1172: 1993
10. As per IS 10500-1991, maximum lead con-
Ans. (c) IS 10500:2012 for Specifications of
tent allowed in drinking water is ———
drinking water
mg/l.
IS 1172: 1993 is used for the basic requirements for
(a) 0.005 (b) 0.015
water supply, drainage and sanitation.
(c) 0.05 (d) 0.15
456 Plain and reinforced concrete
IS 1035 (Part 32): Methods of Sampling and Test Ans. (c) Lead, Pb
(Physical & Chemical) for water and wastewater. IS 10500-1991: Desirable: 0.05 mg/l, Permissible : No
8. According to IS 1172:1993, for the com- relaxation.

2
 IS 800:2007
1. IS 800:2007 applies to general construc-
tion using hot rolled steel sections joined
using
(a) Bulk storage structures
(b) Cold formed light gauge steel sections
(c) Riveting
(d) Cranes
Ans. (c) This standard applies to general construc-
tion using hot rolled steel sections joined
using riveting, bolting and welding.
2. Fire resistance grading period for a struc-
tural element or system is measured in
(a) Hours (b) Sconds
(c) Minutes (d) Days
Ans. (c) The fire resistance grading period for a
structural element/system is measured in
minutes. It indicates the duration, which the
component can withstand fire exposure
before structural failure or fire spread oc-
curs.
3. As per IS 800:2007, In case of covered
building if one bay of longitudinal bracing
is provided at the centre of the building
or building section, the length of the build-
ing section may be restricted to
(a) 100 m (b) 120 m
(c) 150 m (d) 180 m
Ans. (d)
According to IS 800:2007, if one bay of longitudinal
bracing is provided at the center of a cov-
ered building or building section, then
For covered buildings: The maximum length can
be 180 m.
For open gantries (with one bay of longitudinal
bracing): The maximum length can be 120
m.
4. When the column is rigidly connected to
a suitable foundation, the stiffness of the
pedestal shall be taken as:
(a) 210 percent of the column stiffness
(b) The stiffness of the column above base
plate.
(c) 15 percent of the column stiffness
(d) 20 percent of the column stiffness
Ans. (b) When a column is rigidly connected to a
suitable foundation, then pedestal becomes
essentially an extension of the
column.Hence, it's reasonable to assume
that the stiffness of the pedestal is equal
to the stiffness of the column above the
base plate. This assumption simplifies the
analysis & provides a conservative esti-
mate of the foundation's load.
5. For the purpose of determining the stress
in a stanchion or column section, the
beam reactions or similar loads shall be
assumed to be applied at an eccentricity
of?
(a) 50 mm from the face of the section or at
the centre of bearing whichever dimension
gives the greater eccentricity.
(b) 200 mm from the face of the section or
at the centre of bearing whichever dimen-
sion gives the greater eccentricity.
(c) 100 mm from the face of the section or
at the centre of bearing whichever dimen-
sion gives the greater eccentricity.
(d) 150 mm from the face of the section or
at the centre of bearing whichever dimen-
sion gives the greater eccentricity.
Ans. (c) According to common engineering practices,
for the purpose of determining the stress
in a stanchion or column section, beam re-
actions or similar loads are considered to
be applied at an eccentricity of 100 mm
from the face of the section or at the center
of bearing, whichever dimension gives the
larger eccentricity.
6. As per IS 800:2007, Physical properties
of structural steel irrespective of it's
grade may be taken as:
Which of the following is correct?
1. Unit mass of steel, p = 7850 kg/m3
3
 2. Modulus of elasticity, E = 2.0 × 106 N/mm2
(MPa) Buckling class a b c d
3. Poisson ratio, p = 0.3 Imperfection
0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76
factor ( )
4. Modulus of rigidity, G = 0.769 × 105 N/mm2
(MPa)
9. In plastic method of analysis, the value of
5. Co-efficient of thermal expansion  = 1.2
yield stress of the grade of steel shall not
× 10–6 /°C
exceed.
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(a) 250 MPa (b) 415 MPa
(c) 2, 3 and 5 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 450 MPa (d) 500 MPa
Ans. (a) Various physical properties of structural
Ans. (c) In the plastic method of analysis, the yield
steel are given below.
stress of the grade of steel should not ex-
Unit mass of steel,  = 7850 kg/m3 ceed 450 MPa.Plastic method considers
Modulus of elasticity, E = 2 × 105 N/mm2 the ultimate load rather than the yield
Modulus of rigidity, G = 0.769 × 105 N/mm2 stress as the design criterion. It ensures
Poisson ratio,  = 0.3 ( in elastic range ), 0.5 ( in that the strength of steel beyond the yield
plastic range ). stress is fully utilized, leading to more eco-
Coefficient of thermal expansion,  = 12 × 10–6/ nomical designs
ºC
10. For double lacing, The thickness of flat
7. As per IS 800:2007, Type of Construction
lacing bars shall not be less than;
in which, the connections between mem-
bers (beam and column) at their junction (a) 1/70th of effective length
will not resist any appreciable moment and (b) 1/40th of effective length
shall be assumed to be hinged (c) 1/60th of effective length
(a) Rigid construction (d) 1/50th of effective length
(b) Complex construction Ans. (c) As per clause no. 7.6.3 (Thickness of
(c) Simple construction Lacing Bars), of IS 800:2007,
(d) Semi Rigid construction  For a single lacing system, the thickness of the
Ans. (c) As per IS 800:2007, in the case of simple lacing flat should be less than 1/40 of its effective
construction, the connections between length.
members (beam & column) at their junc-  For a double lacing system, the thickness of the
tion will not resist any appreciable moment lacing flat should be less than 1/60 of its effective
& shall be assumed to be hinged. length
8. The value of imperfection factor for buck- 11.IS 800 is the basic Code for general construc-
ling class "d" is: tion in steel structures, In this after 3rd
(a) 0.34 (b) 0.21 revision, the following major modifications
have been effected: Which one is true?
(c) 0.76 (d) 0.49
(a) The standard is based on working stress
Ans. (c)
method, reflecting the latest developments
As per table (Imperfection Factor, ) of IS 800:2007; and the state of the art.
(b) The standard has made reference to the
Indian Standards now available for bolts
only.

4
 (c) In view of the development and produc-
tion of new varieties of medium and high
tensile structural steels in the country, the
scope of the standard has been modified
permitting the use of any variety of struc-
tural steel provided the relevant provisions
of the standard are satisfied.
(d) The standard has made reference to the
Indian Standards now available for rivets
only.
Ans. (c) In the third revision of IS 800, several sig-
nificant amendments were introduced.
Scope Modification: The scope of the standard has
been expanded to allow the use of any va-
riety of structural steel (including medium
& high tensile steels) provided that the rel-
evant provisions of the standard are met.
It reflects the development & production
of new steel varieties in the country.
Reference to Standards: The revised standard now
references Indian Standards for various
fasteners, including rivets & bolts.It en-
sures alignment with the latest practices
and available standards.
Limit State Method: The standard is based on limit
state method, reflecting the latest develop-
ments and the state of the art.
12. As per IS 800, for a unstiffened web, the
resistance to shear buckling should be
verified when:
(a) d/tw < 67  (b) d/tw > 30 
(c) d/tw > 45  (d) d/tw > 67 
Ans. (d) Horizontal stiffener/Longitudinal stiffener is
designed to prevent web buckling due to
bending compression.
 Transverse Stiffeners are provided to increase
buckling resistance of the web due to inclined com-
pressive stress due to shear.It is provided vertically
along the span.
 Both traverse & longitudinal stiffeners are pro-
vided to check the web buckling.
 End bearing stiffeners are provided at the sup-
ports & load bearing stiffeners are provided at the
points of concentrated loads.
 As per IS 800 resistance to shear buciling must
be verified when
>67 for unstiffened web
13. As per IS : 800-2007, the area of splice
plates shall exceed the area of the flange
element spliced by atleast
(a) 3.50% (b) 1.50%
(c) 3% (d) 5%
Ans. (d) As per IS 800:2007, the area of splice plates
shall exceed the area of the flange element
spliced by atleast 5%.It ensures robust
connections & stability in steel structures.
14. As per IS 800:2007, in a bolted joint to
ensure that the effect of bending stress is
less than the specified value in the code,
the grip length should be
(a) Greater than five times diameter of the
bolt
(b) Not greater than five times diameter of the
bolt
(c) Greater than five times and less than eight
times the diameter of bolt
(d) Greater than eight times diameter of the
bolt
Ans. (b) According to IS 800:2007, in a bolted joint,
to ensure that the effect of bending stress
is less than the specified value, the grip
length should not exceed 5 times the di-
ameter of the bolt.It helps in preventing
excessive bending stress & ensures the in-
tegrity of the bolted joint.
15. Among the following options, as per IS :
800-2007, in case of lap joints, usually the
5
 minimum lap should NOT be less than
(a) 4 times the length of weld
(b) 2.5 times the thickness of thinner part
joined
(c) 4 times the thickness of thinner part joined
(d) 2.5 times the length of weld
Ans. (c)
(a) For the size of the weld:
Minimum size of weld:
t (mm) 0  10 11  20 21  32 32  50
Smin (mm) 3 5 6 8
The minimum size of the weld is required to avoid
stress concentration in welds.
Maximum size of weld:
As per IS 800 – 2007 gives following provision for
fillet welds:
Square edge Round edge
1. If a fillet weld is applied to the square edge of
a part, the specified size of the weld should
generally be atleast 1.5 mm less than edge
thickness.
2. If the fillet weld is applied to the round toe of
rolled section, the specified size of weld should
3th
not more than of thickness of section at
4 f e  f h2  3f v2 
toe.
The size of welded is limited to ensure uniform stress
distribution.
(b) Length of weld/lap of length
Lp min = 4t or 40 mm (as per WSM)
Lp min = 5 t or 50 mm (as per LSM)
In case of welds using lap joints, the minimum lap
should not be less than 4 times the thickness of the
thinner part joined or 40 mm, whichever is more.
16. Generally for steel construction, the In-
dian Standard code IS:800-2007, recom-
mends the use of puched holes only in
material with yield stress less than
6
(a) 540 MPa (b) 360 MPa
(c) 550 MPa (d) 450 MPa
Ans. (b) As per IS 800:2007, the use of punched
holes is recommended only in material with
a yield stress not exceeding 360 MPa.
This guideline ensures the integrity &
safety of connections in steel structures.
• In cyclically loaded details, punching shall be
avoided in plates with thickness greater than 12 mm.
• The diameter for all sub-punched holes or the drill
for all sub-drilled holes shall be atleast 3 mm smaller
than the required diameter of finished hole.
17. Due to combined bearing stress (f br ),
bending stress (fb) and shear stresses (q)
under most unfavourable conditions of
loading in butt weld, the equivalent stress
can be written as
(a) f b2  f br2  q 2
(b) f b2  f br2  3q 2
(c) f b2  f br2  3(f br  f b )  q 2
(d) f b2  f br2  (f br  f b )  3q 2
Ans. (d) Combination of stresses
(a) Fillet welds subjects to normal and shear stresses
fu
, f v  Direct shear
3 m
stress
f h = normal stress (compression or tension)
(b) Combined bearing, bending and shear
f e  f b2  f 2 br  f b f br  3q 2
f b = calculated stress due to bending
f br = calculated stress due to bearing, q = shear
stress
Note: Fr  Fd2  FT2  2Fd FT cos 
18. A steel road of 16 mm diameter has been
used as a tie in a bracing system but may
be subject to a possible reversal of stress
due to the wind. What is the maximum per-
 mitted length of the member? (d) Slender section
(a) 1400 mm (b) 120 mm Ans. (b) According to IS 800:2007, the cross-sec-
(c) 1000 mm (d) 1400 mm tions which can develop plastic moment of
resistance but have inadequate plastic
Ans. (a) The diameter of the rod = 16 mm
hinge rotation capacity due to local buck-
The radius of gyration of the steel rod is ling are classified as compact sections
L = × r (class 2 sections). These sections can fully
As tie is a tension member.The maximum slender- develop plastic stress distribution across
ness ratio permitted as per IS:800-1984 for the de- the entire cross-section but lack adequate
sign of a tie member subjected to the reversal of ductility for rotation.
stress due to wind is 350. IRC 37----38
Hence, the maximum permitted length of the mem- 1. As per IRC: 37-2012 in order to control
ber = 350 × 4 = 1400 mm sub grade rutting in flexible pavements,
19. For the design of the steel members, the parameter to be considered is
which of the following is NOT a correct (a) Horontal. tensile strain at the bottom of bi-
combination of Load as per IS 800:2007? tuminous layer
(a) Dead load + imposed load + wind load + (b) Vertical compressive strain on top of
earthquake load subgrade
(b) Dead load + wind or earthquake load (c) Vertical compressive stress on top of
(c) Dead load + erection load. granular layer
(d) Dead load + imposed load (d) Vertical deflection at the surface of the
pavement
Ans. (a) As per Cl. 3.5.2 of IS 800:2007, Wind load
and earthquake loads shall not be assumed Ans. (b) Vertical compressive strain on top of the
to act simultaneously. subgrade is the critical parameter to con-
sider for controlling subgrade rutting in
flexible pavements as per IRC : 37-2012.
Limit State of Strength
LL
Limit State of
Serviceability
This strain is caused by the combined
Combination DL
Lead- Combined
WL/
EL
AL DL
Lead- Combined
WL/EL
weight of the pavement structure & traf-
ing (CL, SL, etc.) ing (CL
etc.
fic loads. If the strain exceeds a certain
DL+LL +CL 1.5 1.5 1.05 – – 1.0 1.0 1.0 – threshold, then subgrade will deform plas-
DL+LL +CL+
WL/ EL
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.05
0.53
0.6
1.2
–
–
1.0
–
0.8
–
0.8
–
0.8
–
tically, leading to rutting on the pavement
DL+WL/EL 1.5
(0.9)*
– – 1.5 – 1.0 – – 1.0 surface.
2. As per IRC: SP:84, the fatigue life of a
DL+ER 1.2 1.2 – – – – – – –

(0.9)*

DL+LL +AL 1.0 0.35 0.35 – 1.0 – – – –

flexible pavement consisting of granular
base and sub base depends upon-
20.As per IS 800:2007, the cross-sections which 1. Resilient modulus of bituminous layers
can develop plastic moment of resistance, 2. Horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of
but have inadequate plastic hinge rotation bituminous layer
capacity for formation of plastic mecha- 3. Mix design of bitumen
nism, due to local buckling is:
4. Vertical subgrade strain
(a) Semi-compact section
Whic of the above statements are correct
(b) Compact section
(a) 1,3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) Plastic Section
7
 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 ing of contraction joints is given in the below table:
Ans. (d) Fatigue life of the flexible pavement depends
on the following: Categories Slab Thickness Maximum Contraction
1. Resilient modulus of the bituminous layer of slab (cm) Joint Spacing (m)
10 4.5
2. Mix design of bitumen since it is dependent on the
Unrienforced Slabs 15 4.5
resilient modulus of the bituminous layer. 20 4.5
3. Maximum tensile strain at the bottom of the bitu- 10 7.5
minous layer. Reinforced Slabs 15 13.0
20 14.0
4. The design is independent of vertical subgrade
strain. It depends only on the horizontal sub-grade
strain. 5. As per IRC 86:2018, The design speed
3. As per IRC: 37-2001, the minimum thick- for an Urban expressway on mountainous
ness of granular base course to be pro- and steep terrain is?
vided on a National or State Highway is: (a) 40 kmph (b) 50 kmph
(a) 150 mm (b) 200 mm (c) 80 kmph (d) 70 kmph
(c) 250 mm (d) 300 mm Ans. (c) The design speed of urban expressways
Ans. (c) As per IRC: 37-2001, the recommended as per IRC is 80 km/h.
minimum thickness of the granular base Types of Terrain
course for a National or State Highway
depends on the traffic intensity:
For traffic up to 2 million standard axles (msa), Mountainous
Class of
the minimum thickness should be 225 mm. Plain Rolling and
Urban Road
Steep
For traffic exceeding 2 msa, the minimum thick-
Urban Expressway 80 70 60
ness should be 250 mm.
Arterial Road 60 50 40
As per IRC: 37-2001, sub-base the thickness should Sub Arterial Road 60 50 40
not be less than 150 mm for design traffic less than Collector Street 40 40 30
10 msa (million standard axles) & 200 mm for de-
Local Street 30 30 20
sign traffic of 10 msa and above.
4. The recommended maximum spacing of
contraction joints in 15 cm thick rein-
forced slabs of rigid pavements, for high- 6. In case of fatigue cracking criteria for bi-
ways as per IRC 15:1981 is ———— tuminous layer. The occurrence of fatigue
(a) 13 m (b) 12 m cracking whose total area in the section
(c) 10 m (d) 14 m of the road under consideration is ———
— or more than the paved surface area of
Ans. (a) Contraction Joint: These are provided
the section
along the transverse direction due to the
contraction of concrete slab due to its natu- (a) 12% (b) 20%
ral shrinkage & moisture variation. (c) 15% (d) 10%
• They may be oriented transversely ( perpendicular Ans. (b) In the context of fatigue cracking criteria
to the direction of traffic flow) or longitudinally ( par- for bituminous layers in pavements, the
allel to the direction of traffic flow). occurrence of fatigue cracking is consid-
According to IRC 15:1981, The maximum spac- ered critical when the total area of crack-

8
 ing in the section of the road under con-
sideration is 20% or more of the paved sur-
face area of that section.It helps in assess-
ing the durability & performance of the
pavement, ensuring that excessive crack-
ing does not compromise its integrity.
7. The heat of hydration is required to be
determined for low heat Portland cement,
as specified in IS ————
(a) IS 516 (b) IS 10262
(c) IS 269 (d) IS 800
Ans. (c) The heat of hydration is required to be de-
termined for low heat Portland cement, as
specified in IS: 269-1976.
• The new code for all OPC 33, 43 & 53 grade is IS
269:2015
• The heat of hydration of low heat Portland cement
shall be as follows:
7 days: Not more than 65 calories per gram (or
271.96 kJ/kg).
28 days: Not more than 75 calories per gram (or
313.8 kJ/kg
Low heat Portland cement: Low C3S & C3A and
more contents of C2S .It is use in mass concrete
work & widely use in retaining wall, abutment,
dam.
 Rate of development of strength is low but
ultimate strength is same
8. Concrete pavement have been used in
different countries dependin upon the cli-
mate, availability of materials, soil types,
experience and traffric, PQC is laid over
a bituminous surface during the sunshine
What does PQC stands for?
(a) Pavement quantity cement
(b) Permanent Quality Concrete
(c) Pavement quality concrete
(d) Pavement Quality cement
Ans. (c) PQC stands for pavement quality concrete.
It is a high-strength concrete used for con-
structing rigid pavements, like as roads &
airport runways.
9.The maximum width of expansion joint and
maximum spacing between expansion joint
for rough interface layer is:
(a) 2.5 cm and 160 m
(b) 2.0 cm and 130 m
(c) 2.5 cm and 140 m
(d) 2.5 cm and 100 m
Ans. (c) There is no specific specification related to
the width of the expansion joint. As a gen-
eral guideline, the width can be taken to
be 20 - 25 cm.
The spacing in expansion joints of 25 m wide on the
pavement as per IRC 58, 1988 code is specified be-
low in the tabulated form:
As per IS-456:2000, in the case of buildings, struc-
tures exceeding 45 m in length are designed with one
or more expansion joints.
10. As per IRC 37, For the roads with a de-
sign traffic of less than ———— shall be
adopted for pavement design
(a) 1 msa (b) 5 msa
(c) 2 msa (d) 3 msa
Ans. (c)
As per IRC 37, For the roads with a design traf-
fic of less than 2 msa, shall be adopted for pavement
design.
11. Which of the following does not corre-
spond to the recommendations of IRC:37-
1970, for pavement thickness determina-
tion by California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
method?
(a) At least 3 samples should be tested on each
type of soil at the same density and mois-
ture content.
(b) CBR tests are to be conducted in-situ in
field
9
 (c) For the design of the subgrade soil sample  If value of CBR at 2.5 mm > value of CBR
should be compacted at Optimum moisture at 5 mm, adopt CBR value of 2.5 while if
content to protector density. value of CBR at 2.5 mm < value of CBR at
5 mm. Then repeat the test and after it, if
(d) The top 50 cm of subgrade should be com-
value of CBR at 5 mm comes greater, finally
pacted at least up to 95 to 100% of Proc-
adopt the greater value.
tor density
 CBR pavement design curve give thickness
Ans. (b) Conducting CBR tests directly in the field of pavement cover to be provided.
is not recommended in IRC:37-1970.The
12. The design speed in kmph recommended
tests should be performed on remoulded
by IRC for national highway passing
soil samples prepared in the laboratory un-
through terrain having cross slope 25% to
der controlled conditions to ensure consis-
60% is in the range of
tent density, moisture content & testing
procedures. (a) 50-40 (b) 8-65

California bearing ratio (CBR) test: For (c) 100-80 (d) 65-80
evaluating the stability of soil sub grade & base Ans. (a) Topography of the land, through which
course materials for flexible pavements. the road passes is known as terrain.
Terrain % Cross-slope
Penetration
Plunger 5 cm Plain 0-10
Rolling 10-25
Mountainous 25-60
Steep > 60
Sucharge weight Design speed for Mountainous/Hilly road

Mould Type Rolling Hilly

Soil sample
(150 mm × 127 mm)
high
NH & SH 80–65 50–40
MDR 65–50 40–30
ODR 50–40 30–25
 Empirical test, which measures the strength VR 40–35 25–20
of material & its not the true representation
of resilient modulus. 13. According to the criteria recommended
 Load is applied on the sample by a standard by IRC for girder bridges, the limiting
plunger with diameter of 50 mm at the rate load should not cause a deflection more
of 1.25 mm/minute. than of the span
 The pressure upto a penetration of 2.5 mm (a) 1/1000 (b) 1/1200
& its ratio to the bearing value of Standard
Crushed Rock is termed as CBR. (c) 1/1500 (d) 1/2000
 Average value of 3 test specimens is Ans. (a)
reported as CBR. As per IRC 112:2011:
 4 days soaked remoulded sample is used.
In the absence of the other criteria, the following de-
CBR =
flection limits under live load may be considered:
load carried by specimen
 100
load carried by standard specimen
 The load values on standard crushed stone
are 1370 kg (70 kg/cm2) and 2055 kg (105
kg/cm2) at 2.5 mm and 5.0 mm penetra-
tions respectively.

10
 Ans. (c) Fire Point is the lowest temperature at
which the material gets ignited & burns
Condition Deflection under the specified condition of the test.
Vehicular Span / 800 Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which the
Vehicular and pedestrian vapour of a substance momentarily takes fire in the
Span / 1000
or pedestrian alone form of a flash under the specified conditions of the
Vehicular on cantilever Span / 300 test.
Vehicular and pedestrian As per IS 73 (2013): Paving Bitumen
and pedestrian-only on a Span / 375 The requirements of paving bitumen are as follows:
cantilever arm

Traffic growth rate shall be established for each cat-

egory of commercial vehicles to be considered for
design of pavement.
For traffic projections, the procedure outlined in iRC
may be followed.
• The designer shall adopt a realistic value of the rate
of traffic growth, provided that annual rate of growth
of commercial vehicles shall not be adopted less than
5 per cent.
• The design traffic shall be estimated in terms of cu-
mulative number of standard axles (8160 kg) to be
carried by the pavement during the design period.
14.In IRC 58, The guidelines cover the design
of plain jointed cement concrete pave-
ments. These are applicable to roads hav-
ing an average daily commercial vehicles
more than ——— with laden weight ex-
ceeding ——— tonnes.
(a) 300 and 5 tonnes (b) 450 and 3 tonnes
(c) 250 and 6 tonnes (d) 150 and 3 tonnes
Ans. (b) IRC 58 applies to roads with heavy traffic
characterized by a high volume of commer-
cial vehicles (> 450 per day) carrying sig-
nificant loads (> 3 tonnes).
• IRC:SP:62 may be referred for design of low-vol-
ume Rural Roads.
17. Which of the following code is useful for
bridge designing?
(a) IRC-6 (b) IS: 875, Part-I
(c) IS : 3370 (d) IRC-38
Ans. (a)
• IRC-6: Standard specifications and code of prac-
tice of road bridges.
• IS:3370-Code of practice for the concrete structures
for storage of liquids
• IS:875, Part-I: Code of practice of design loads for
buildings and structures.
• IRC-38: Guidelines for design of horizontal curves.
18. As per IRC: 86-2018, The pole height and
spacing for footpaths or cycle track, with
width < 5 m, is given by
(a) 4.5-6 m and 12-16 m respectively
(b) 8-10 m and 25-27 m respectively
(c) 10-12 m and 30-33 m respectively
(d) 12-14 m and 34-35 m respectively

16. The flash point temperature (degree C) of Ans. (a) As per IRC:86-2018, Clause 5.8
paving grades of bitumen as per the In-
dian standard is:
(a) 160 (b) 180
(c) 220 (d) 200
11
 in the middle, where there is neither com-
pression nor tension.
Pole  Layers below this neutral axis experience
Street
Height Spacing (m) tension.
Type
(m)  Layers above this neutral axis experience
Footpath or cycle compression.
4.5  6 12  16
track (<5m width) IS 456
Street with ROW
8  10 25  27 1. In case of doubt regarding development
of 9m or less of strength, the suitability of water for
Street with ROW making concrete shall be ascertained by
10  12 30  33
9m or more the
(a) Compressive strength test and final setting
time test
19. As per IRC, the minimum desirable width (b) Soundness strength test and initial setting
of medians shall be ———— in case of time test
rural highways.
(c) Compressive strength test and initial set-
(a) 5.0 m (b) 2.5 m ting time test
(c) 3.0 m (d) 1 m (d) Compressive strength test and soundness
Ans. (a) Median or Traffic Separators: test
Minimum desirable width of medians on rural Ans. (c) The compressive strength test helps in evalu-
highways is 5 m, but this could be reduced to 3 m ating the overall strength development &
where land is restricted. On long bridges and viaducts,
the initial setting time test provides infor-
the width of median may be reduced to 1.5 meters,
but in any case this should not be less than 1.2 m. mation about the setting characteristics of
 The main function of a traffic separator is the concrete, which can be affected by the
to prevent head-on collision between vehicles mov- properties of water used in the mix.
ing in opposite directions on adjacent lanes. 2. According to IS 456:2000, There is nor-
Width of Carriage way: It is decided on the basis mally a gain of strength beyond 28 days.
of capacity which depend on width of the traffic lane In case of increase of strength with age,
and number of lanes.The desirable carriageway width how much % of strength of concrete can
recommended by IRC is given in the table below: increase in 6 month Period?
(a) 10% (b) 15%
Single lane 3.75
(c) 18% (d) 20%
Two-lane no kerbs 7.0
Ans. (b)
Two-lane raised kerbs 7.5
Intermediate carriage 5.5 Age Age factor
Multi-lane 3.5 1 month 1 × Strength at 28 days
3 month 1.10 × Strength at 28 days
6 month 1.15 × Strength at 28 days
20. In a R.C.C. structure, the tension zone 12 month 1.2 × Strength at 28 days
lies in the-
3. As Mentioned in IS 456:2000, How much
(a) Top (b) Middle proportion of silica fume as a Pozzolona
(c) Side (d) Bottom usually used in the cement content mix?
Ans. (d) The neutral axis in an R.C.C. structure is (a) 5-10% (b) 1-3%

12
 (c) 3-5% (d) 10-20%

s
ulu
s

od
odulu
Ans. (a) The silica fume (very fine non-crystalline

tM
en


ent M
silicon dioxide) is a by-product of the

ng
Ta
manufacture of silicon or from quartz &

l Tang
Stress
carbon in electric arc furnace. It is usu-

Initia
ally used in proportion of 5 - 10 % of the

r
st re s fo
the odulu
cement content of a mix.

ss
nt M
4. Stacking and storage can be as described

a
Sec
in IS Code?
(a) IS 4082 (b) IS 7320 Strain
1. Initial tangent (EIT)- also known as dynamic
(c) IS 2386 (d) IS 5816 modulus of elasticity.
Ans. (a) The recommended guidelines for stacking  It is the slope of curve at origin.It depends upon
grade of concrete only.
& storage of construction materials and  It is calculated using resonance frequency test.
components at a construction site are out- 2. Tangent modulus (ET)
lined in IS 4082:19961.  It is the slope of curve tangent at any point on
stress-strain curve.
5. According to IS 456:2000, No of grades 3. Secant modulus/Static modulus of elasticity
are classified under High strength con- (ES)
crete are?  It is the slope of line drawn between origin & point
on curve (stress remains constant)
(a) 5 (b) 7  For inelastic regions, EIT > ET > ES & elastic
(c) 3 (d) 8 Regions, EIT = ET = ES
Ans. (d) E c  5700 f ck N / mm 2 . , Min. grade = M15 (IS
Grade’s of concrete - 19 total 456:1978)
High strength concrete = 8 No (M65, M70, M75, E c  5000 f ck N / mm 2 . , Min. grade = M20 (IS
M80, M85, M90, M95, M100)
456:2000)
Standard grade of concrete = 8 No. (M25, M30, This is also called as short term modulus of elas-
M35, M40, M45, M50, M55, M60) ticity.
 It does not consider the effect of creep or age of
Ordinary grade of concrete = 3 No. (M10, M15, M20) structure.
6. As per IS 456:2000, The modulus of elas- 7. The total shrinkage of concrete does not
ticity is primarily influenced by depend upon?
(a) Elastic properties of the aggregate (a) Constituents of concrete
(b) Type of cement (b) Size of the member
(c) Age of the concrete (c) Environmental conditions
(d) Mix proportions (d) Shape of the member
Ans. (a) As per IS 456:2000, CI 6.2.3 Ans. (d) Factors affecting shrinkage of concrete
The modulus of elasticity is primarily influenced by (i) Humidity (drying condition)/ Environmental con-
the elastic properties of the aggregate. ditions
Modulus of Elasticity (ii) water Cement ratio
(iii) Hardness of aggregates
(iv) Moisture movement in concrete
(v) Type of coarse aggregate

13
(vi) Shape of aggregate, not member 5000 f ck
EC 
8. The modulus of elasticity of concrete can 1 
be assumed as follows: Total strain

E  5000 f ck

where E is the short term static modulus

Ultimate creep
Instantaneous
of elasticity in N/mm2. recovery
Unloading
Actual measured values may differ by — Creep recovery

strain
———percent from the values obtained Residual creep
from the above expression. Instantaneous strain strain
(a) 15% (b) 20%
Time since application of
(c) 10% (d) 25% compressive stress
Ans. (b) As per IS 456:2000, Cl 6.2.3.1 10. As per IS 456:2000, The factors influenc-
ing durability does not include:
The modulus of elasticity of concrete can be assumed
as follows: (a) Shape and size of the member
(b) Environment
E  5000 f ck
(c) Workmanship, to obtain full compaction
where and effcient curing
E is the short-term static modulus of elasticity in N/ (d) Cement content and Aggregate/cement
mm2. ratio of the concrete
Actual measured values may differ by ±20 % Ans. (d) Shape and size of a member might influ-
from the values obtained from the above expression. ence specific aspects of it's performance
• The short-term modular ratio is based on the initial under certain loading conditions, they are
tangent modulus, EC, of the concrete. not listed as direct influencing factors for
durability in IS 456:2000.
9. As Mentioned in IS 456:2000, As long as
the stress in concrete does not exceed —  Cement content & aggregate/cement ratio di-
——— of it's characteristic compressive rectly affect concrete properties, including
strength, creep may be assumed to be durability.
proportional to the stress. Factors affecting durability of concrete:
(a) One-Fourth (b) One-sixth · Chemical :
(c) One-third (d) One-fifth (a) Chloride ion attack-corrosion
Ans. (c) Creep is approximately linear function of (b) Alkali aggregate reaction
stress upto 30 to 40 per cent of it's (c) Carbonation
strength.
(d) Sulphate attack
As per IS 456:2000
(e) Acid attack
Creep in Concrete · Physical :
 It is time dependent component of total strain. (a) Moisture
 It occurs due to internal movement of adsorbed
(b) Temperature
water, loss of moisture,growth of micro-cracks,
sliding between gel particles. (c) Ice melting
(d) Freezing and thowing

14
 11. According to IS 456:2000, Fly ash con-
forming to which Grade of IS 3812 may be
used as part replacement of ordinary
Portland cement provided uniform blend-
ing with cement is ensured.
(a) Grade-1 (b) Grade-2
(c) Grade-3 (d) Grade-4
Ans. (a) As per IS 456:2000, fly ash can be used as
a partial replacement for ordinary Portland
cement in concrete. The relevant grade of
fly ash specified in IS 3812-1:2003 for this
purpose is Grade 1.
12. According to IS 456:2000, As far as pos-
sible preference shall be given to natural
aggregates. Other types of aggregates
such as slag and crushed over burnt brick
should not contain more than ————
percent of sulphates as SO3
(a) 1% (b) 0.50%
(c) 0.5% (d) 0.75%
Ans. (c) As per IS 456:2000, when considering ag-
gregates for concrete, preference should
be given to natural aggregates.While, other
types of aggregates, like as slag & crushed
over burnt brick, can also be used if they
meet certain criteria.These alternative ag-
gregates should not contain more than
0.5% of sulphates & should not absorb
more than 10 % of their own mass of wa-
ter.
13. Plums used in plain concrete work up to
a maximum limit of 20 percent by volume
of concrete when specifically permitted by
the engineer-in-charge. What is the Size
of plums According to IS 456 ?
(a) 140 mm (b) 100 mm
(c) 90 mm (d) 160 mm
Ans. (d) Plum concrete (cyclopean concrete or rubble
concrete), is a mixture of wet concrete &
a plum (large size, strong & clean natural
coarse aggregate). Plum occupies approxi-
mately 30 - 40% of the total mass of con-
crete.
15
 The standard states that plums greater than 160
mm & up to any reasonable size can be
used with specific permission from the
E.I.C., subject to certain conditions. How-
ever, it does not provide a defined maxi-
mum size for plums within the 20% vol-
ume limit.
14. According to IS 456:2000, The cement
used shall be any of the the following and
the type selected should be appropriate
for the intended use
Which one of them is not in that list Ac-
cording to Code?
(a) Rapid hardening Portland cement
(b) Portland slag cement
(c) Hydrophbic cement
(d) High alumina cement
Ans. (d) Clause 5.1.2, High alumina cement conform-
ing to IS 6452 or Super sulphated cement
conforming to IS 6909 may be used only
under special circumstances with the prior
approval of the E.I.C.
15. Reinforcement Hard-drawn steel wire fab-
ric conforming to IS
(a) IS 1566 (b) IS 2062
(c) IS 1786 (d) IS 432 (Part I)
Ans. (a) According to the Indian Standard, IS
1566:1982, the specification for hard-
drawn steel wire fabric for concrete rein-
forcement is covered.
IS 2062 : Covers hot-rolled deformed bars for con-
crete reinforcement, not steel wire fabric.
IS 432 (Part I) : Covers mild steel bars and wires
for general purposes, not specifically for
concrete reinforcement fabric.
IS 1786 : Covers plain hard-drawn steel wire used
for prestressed concrete, not general re-
inforcement fabric.
16. In concrete elements with thin sections,
closely spaced reinforcement or small
cover, consideration should be given to
the use of –——— nominal maximum size.
 (a) 25 mm (b) 10 mm egories or conditions are
(c) 15 mm (d) 20 mm (a) 0.3 mm and 0.2 mm respectively
Ans. (b) In concrete elements with thin sections, (b) 0.2 cm and 0.3 cm respectively
closely spaced reinforcement, or small (c) 0.3 cm and 0.2 cm respectively
cover, consideration should be given to the
(d) 0.15 mm and 0.5 mm respectively
use of 10 mm nominal maximum size.
Ans. (a) As per clause no. 35.3.2. of IS 456:2000,
. For most work, 20 mm aggregate is suitable. Where
there is no restriction to the flow of concrete into sec-
tions, 40 mm or larger size may be permitted. Maximum allowable
Exposure Condition
17. Potable water is generally considered sat- crack width (mm)
isfactory for mixing concrete. As a guide, Mild 0.3
the following concentrations represent the Moderate 0.2
maximum permissible values ?
Servere and more
(a) To neutralize 100 ml sample of water, us- 0.1
aggressive environment
ing phenolphthalein as an indicator, it
should not require more than 5 ml of 0.02
normal NaOH. 20. For heavily reinforced concrete members
(b) To neutralize 100 ml sample of water, us- as in the case of ribs of main beams, the
ing mixed indicator, it should not require nominal maximum size of the aggregate
more than 25 ml of 0.02 normal H2SO4 should usually be restricted to

(c) Both A and B (a) 5 mm more than the minimum clear dis-
tance between the main bars
(d) None of the above
(b) 5 mm less than the maximum cover to the
Ans. (c)
reinforcement
Limits of Alkalinity:
(c) 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance
To neutralize a 100 ml sample of water, using a mixed between the main bars or 5 mm less than
indicator, it should not require more than 25 ml of 0.02 the minimum cover to the reinforcement,
normal H2SO4 whichever is smaller.
Limits of Acidity: (d) 5 mm less than the minimum clear distance
To neutralize a 100 ml sample of water, using phe- between the main bars or 5 mm less than
nolphthalein as an indicator, it should not require more the minimum cover to the reinforcement,
than 5 ml of 0.02 normal NaOH1. whichever is larger.
18.The grade of concrete generally not used in Ans. (c) For heavily reinforced concrete members,
RCC is: like as the ribs of main beams, the nomi-
nal maximum size of the aggregate should
(a) M40 (b) M15
usually be restricted to ensure good work-
(c) M10 (d) M20 ability & proper compaction. According to
Ans. (c) M10 is generally not used in RCC design. IS 456:2000, the recommended restriction
It’s considered too weak for structural el- is 5 mm less than the minimum clear dis-
ements. tance between the main bars or 5 mm less
19. As per IS:456-2000, the acceptable limits than the minimum cover to the reinforce-
of crack-width for concrete structures ex- ment, whichever is smaller.
posed to mild and moderate exposure cat-

16
 IS 1343, IS 10262 and IS 516 Adjustment to Minimum Cement Contents or Aggre-
1. Mild steel used in RCC structures con- gate other than 20 mm, Nominal Maximum Size.
forms to
(a) IS : 432 (b) IS : 1556
Adjustment to
(c) IS : 1786 (d) IS : 2062 Nominal Max
Minimum Cement
Ans. (a) The mild steel used in RCC structures con- aggregate
Contents in Table
forms to IS : 432123. This standard speci- size (mm)
above (kg/m3 )
fies the requirements for mild steel & me-
10 40
dium tensile steel bars used for concrete
reinforcement. 20 0
40 30
2. In prestressed pre tensioned concrete,
the strength at transfer should not be less
than?
4. The maximum effective reinforcement ra-
(a) 30 N/mm2 (b) 35 N/mm2 tio of a bonded prestressed concrete beam
(c) 40 N/mm2 (d) 45 N/mm2 at failure according to IS:1343 is limited
Ans. (b) The strength at transfer refers to the to a value of
strength of the concrete when the pre- (a) 0.15 (b) 0.25
stressing force is transferred from the ten- (c) 0.40 (d) 0.35
dons to the concrete. As per the IRC (In-
Ans. (c) The maximum effective reinforcement ra-
dian Roads Congress) guidelines, the
tio for a bonded prestressed concrete
strength at transfer should not be less than
beam with Pre-tensioned tendons or Post-
35 N/mm².
tensioned tendons having effective bond at
3. As per IS 1343:1980, The minimum grade failure is as follows:
of concrete corresponding to the very se-
Maximum effective reinforcement ratio : 0.40
vere exposure condition of the pre-
stressed structure is ? Minimum effective eeinforcement ratio : 0.025

(a) M 20 (b) M 30 5. According to IS 10262:2009, the maxi-

mum water content per cubic metre of
(c) M 35 (d) M 40
concrete for nominal maximum size of ag-
Ans. (b) gregate = 20 mm is:
(a) 128 kg (b) 186 kg
(c) 208 kg (d) 165 kg
Ans. (b) As per IS 10262:2009, the maximum water
content per cubic meter of concrete for a
nominal maximum size of aggregate = 20
mm is 186 kg.This limit ensures proper
workability & hydration of the concrete
mix during construction

17
 Ans. (b)

Maximum As per IS 1343: 2012, Clause 8.1

Nominal Maximum
water content • A durable concrete performs satisfactorily in the
size of aggregate (mm) working environment during it's anticipated exposure
(litre)
10 208 conditions during service life.
20 186 The factors influencing durability include
40 165 • The environment
• The type and quality of constituent materials
6. For cyclindrical concrete specimens, the • The cover to embedded steel
number of stokes when compacting by • The cement content and the water-cement ratio of
hand is not less than ———— to perform the concrete;
the compression test of concrete in the • Workmanship, to obtain full compaction & efficient
laboratory. curing and
(a) 20 per layer (b) 25 per layer • The shape and size of the member.
(c) 30 per layer (d) 35 per layer 8. A 10 cm cube is used for concrete test-
Ans. (d) For testing the compressive strength we ing when the nominal size of the ballast is
generally use, 150 mm size cube. So, we not more than
have to go for 35 per layer . (a) 15 mm (b) 20 mm
According to IS: 516 (1959), (c) 25 mm (d) 10 mm
For cylindrical specimens: Ans. (b) As per IS:516, Test specimens cubical in
• The number of strokes per layer should not be less shape shall be 15 × 15 × 15 cm³. If the
30 largest nominal size of the aggregate does
For cubical specimen not exceed 20 cm, then 10cm³ cubes may
be used as an alternative.
• The concrete of 150x150 mm size is compacted with
35 strokes per layer As per IS 456 : 2000 CI 5.3.3
Maximum size of coarse aggregate  1/4th of
• Concrete of 100x100 mm size is compacted with thickness of member.
25 strokes per layer.
9. According to IS 1343:2012 Pre-stressed
7. As per IS 1343:2012, the factors in- concrete code, Limit state of serviceabil-
fluencing the durability of concrete is/are:? ity deflection, Which one is not men-
1. Cement content and w/c of concrete tioned?
2. Workmanship to obtain full compaction (a) The deflection including the effects of tem-
and effective curing perature, creep and shrinkage occuring af-
3. The rate of loading from the prestress- ter erection of partitions and the applica-
ing bars tion of finishes should not normally exceed
span/350 or 20 mm whichever is less.
4. The type of quality of constituent ma-
terials (b) If finishes are to be applied to prestressed
concrete members, the total upward de-
(a) 3,4 are correct
flection should not exceed span/300, unless
(b) 1,2 and 4 are correct uniformity of camber between adjacent
(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 are correct units can be ensured
(d) 1, 3 and 4 are correct (c) The final deflection, due to all loads includ-

18
 ing the effects of temperature, creep and
shrinkage and measured from the as-cast
level of the supports of floors, roofs and
all other horizontal members, should not
normally exceed span/250.
(d) None
Ans. (d) All the mentioned criteria are part of the
IS 1343 guidelines for prestressed con-
crete serviceability deflection.
 If finishes are to be applied to prestressed con-
crete members, then total upward deflec-
tion should not exceed span/300, unless
uniformity of camber between adjacent
units can be ensured.
Check for Deflection
As per Clause 23.2 of IS 456, stipulates the limit-
ing deflections under two heads as given below:
(a) The maximum final deflection should not more
than span/250 due to all loads including the
effects of temperature, creep & shrinkage &
measured from the cast level of the supports
of floors, roof & all other horizontal members.
(b) The maximum deflection should not more than
the lesser of
span/350 or 20 mm including the effects of
temperature, creep & (c) Type of cement
shrinkage occurring after erection of partitions
& the application of finishes.
10. As per IS 516:1959, which of the follow-
ing is the correct size of flexural strength
test specimen made of concrete?
(a) 100 × 100 × 400 mm
(b) 100 × 100 × 700 mm
(c) 150 × 150 × 500 mm
(d) 150 × 150 × 700 mm
Ans. (d) In order to find the modulus of rupture, beam
size 15 cmx 15 cmx 70 cm is prepared.
Flexural tensile strength: Tensile strength of con-
crete in flexure is called flexural strength.
 It is used to determine the onset of cracking or
the loading at which cracking starts in a struc-
ture.
fcr = 0.7 f ck
19
where,
f ck = Characteristic compressive stre-
ngth of cubes in N/mm2.
fcr = Flexural tensile strength in N/mm2
11. According to IS 1343:2012 design param-
eters given in the standard may not be ap-
plicable and the values may be obtained
from specialized literatures and experi-
mental results. Except where specfically
mentioned otherwise, for concrete grade
greater than?
(a) M 100 (b) M 80
(c) M 40 (d) M 60
Ans. (d) According to IS 1343:2012, the design pa-
rameters specified in the standard may not
be directly applicable for concrete grades
greater than M 60. In such condition, val-
ues should be obtained from specialized lit-
erature & experimental results
12. As per IS:10262, which one of the follow-
ing data are not required for mix propor-
tioning of a particular grade of concrete
(a) Transportation time
(b) Degree of site control (good/fair) or value
of established standard deviation
(d) Minimum nominal size of aggregate
Ans. (a) Transportation time might influence con-
crete setting & early strength development,
it's not directly used in the actual mix pro-
portioning calculations as per IS:10262.
13. According to IS 10262, in concrete mix
proportioning, What is Water-
Cementitious Materials Ratio?
(a) Volume of mixing water by volume of the
cement
(b) Mass of the mixing water by the mass of
the cement
(c) Mass of the mixing water by the combined
mass of the cement and fly ash or other
cementitious materials
(d) Both b and c
Ans. (c) According to IS 10262, the Water-
cementitious materials ratio is defined as
the mass of the mixing water divided by
the combined mass of the cement & fly
ash or other cementitious materials.
14.According to IS 1343:2012, The ultimate
shear resistance of a section uncracked in
flexure is given by
(a) Vcd  0.67bD 0.8f t2  f cp f t
(b) Vcd  0.67bd f t2  0.8f cp f t
(c) Vcd  0.67bD  f t2  0.8f cp f t
(d) Vcd  0.67bd 0.8f t2  f cp f t
Ans. (C)
As per IS 1343:2012, Clause 23.4
The ultimate shear resistance of an uncracked sec-
tion in flexure is given by the formula:
Vcd  0.67bD  f t2  0.8f cp f t
Where, Vcd = Uncracked shear resistance,
fck = Characteristic strength of concrete,
ft = 0.24 f ck = Minimum principal tensile stress,
b = Width, D = Total depth, d = effective depth,
P = Prestressing force,
fcp = Compressive stress at the centroidal axis.
15. The correct statement regarding the com-
pressive strength test of concrete is
(a) Specimen-100 × 100 × 100 mm, maximum
coarse aggregate size = 28 mm, gradual
load - 14 N/mm2/min
(b) Specimen-150 × 150 × 150 mm, maximum
coarse aggregate size = 38 mm, gradual
load – 14 N/mm2/min
(c) Specimen – 150 × 150 × 150 cm, maxi-
mum coarse aggregate size = 38 mm,
gradual load – 24 N/mm2/min
20
(d) Specimen – 70.6 × 70.6 × 70.6 mm, maxi-
mum coarse aggregate size = 38 mm,
gradual load – 24 N/mm2/min
Ans. (b) As per IS 516: 1959,
• Specimen size : Normally 150 x 150 x 150 mm
cube is used as specimen if maximum coarse aggre-
gate size = 38 mm but if maximum nominal size of
aggregates is less than 20 mm, then 100 x 100 x 100
mm cube may be used as alternatives.
• The compression testing machine should be able to
apply gradual load of 14 N/mm²/minute. Until the
specimen is crushed.
• Specimen numbers : Total 6 number of specimen
is required. Among them, 3 specimens are required
for testing at 7 days & another 3 specimens are re-
quired for testing at 28 days.
16. As per IS 10262-2009, the maximum wa-
ter content to be taken for concrete mix
design, per cubic metre of concrete, for
nominal maximum size of 10 mm is:
(a) 165 litre (b) 208 litre
(c) 225 litre (d) 186 litre
Ans. (b) As per IS 10262:2009, the maximum water
content per cubic meter of concrete for a
nominal maximum size of aggregate = 10
mm is 208 kg.This limit ensures proper
workability & hydration of the concrete
mix during construction
Maximum
Nominal Maximum
water content
size of aggregate (mm)
(litre)
10 208
20 186
40 165
17. At the time of initial tensioning, the maxi-
mum tensile stress, fpi immediately behind
the anchorage shall not exceed ————
of the ultimate tensile strength, fpu of the
wire of bar or stand?
(a) 46% (b) 67%
 (c) 87% (d) 76%
Ans. (d) As per IS: 1343 for prestressed concrete,
the maximum tensile stress immediately
behind the anchorage at the time of initial
tensioning should not exceed 80% of the
ultimate tensile strength of the wire, bar,
or strand.
18. Which one of the following is not men-
tioned in IS 516 as in scope ?
(a) Compressive strength
(b) Tensile Strength
(c) Flexural Strength
(d) Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete
Ans. (b) The IS 516, titled methods of tests for
strength of concrete provides guidelines for
testing the strength properties of concrete.
• Tensile strength testing is not explicitly mentioned
in IS 516.
19. As per IS 1343:2012, For type III struc-
tures, the width of the surface cracks
should not exceed ——— mm for mem-
bers exposed to particularly aggressive
enviroments and not exceed ——— mm
for all other members
(a) 0.2 and 0.3 respectively
(b) 0.1 and 0.2 respectively
(c) 0.02 and 0.03 respectively
(d) 0.25 and 0.35 respectively
Ans. (b) As per IS 1343:2012, the width of surface
cracks in prestressed concrete structures
depends on the exposure conditions.
• For members exposed to a particularly aggressive
environment (like as the severe category),
the surface crack width should not exceed
0.1 mm.
• For all other members, the surface crack width
should not exceed 0.2 mm.
Serviceability Limit States: IS 1343:1980
(Cl.19.3.2)
Class I Structures: In it, no tensile stresses are
permitted under service load. Therefore, the
structure is crack free at working load stage.
21
Member are often referred to as fully pre-
stressed.
Class II structure: In it, limited tensile stress
of mangitude not exceeding the modulus of
repture of concrete are permitted under work-
ing load. But visible cracks are not permitted.
Members are often referred to as moderately
prestressed.
Class III structure: In it, tensile stress of mag-
nitude exceeding the modulus of repture of con-
crete and visible cracking upto certain limits are
permitted under service loads. Members are re-
ferred to as partially prestressed.
20. As per IS:10262-2019; the water-to-pow-
der ratio is expected to be between ——
— for designing of self-compacting con-
crete mix.
(a) 0.85 – 1.10 (b) 0.55 – 0.95
(c) 0.80 - 1.00 (d) 0.60 - 1.00
Ans. (a) The water-to-powder ratio is expected to
be between 0.85 - 1.10.
• If the ratio is more than 1.10, then the fine aggre-
gate content shall be increased to decrease
the ratio.
• If the water-to-powder ratio is found to be less than
0.85, then the fine aggregate content shall
be reduced to increase the ratio.
IS 1077
1.In conducting a standard consistency test of
Ordinary Portland cement using Vicat ap-
paratus as per IS 4031-1988, what is the
penetration depth of the needle from the
top of Vicat mould, for the paste to have
normal consistency?
(a) 43 to 47 mm (b) 23 to 27 mm
(c) 33 to 35 mm (d) 13 to 17 mm
Ans. (c) Consistency Test: It is the Amount of
water used to make paste of normal con-
sistency. It is about 30% generally. It is the
percentage of water required for the ce-
ment paste, the viscosity of which will be
such that Vicat’s plunger penetrates upto
 5 to 7 mm from bottom (33 to 35 mm from 4. Warpage Test (IS : 3495 –Part IV):
top) of the Vicat’s mould. 5. Efflorescence test (IS 3495 – Part III): Brick
2. When tested by Le-Chatelier method as is kept in a glass disc (diameter 150 mm) with
per IS:4031-1988, unaerated ordinary water upto 25 mm till entire water is absorbed
rapid hardening cement shall NOT have or evaporated. Again water is filled upto 25 mm,
an expansion of more than: & allowed to be absorbed or evaporated. Then
area of white patch is measured.
(a) 10 mm (b) 20 mm
4. As per IS 12600:1989, the fineness of low
(c) 30 mm (d) 25 mm heat Portland cement determined by
Ans. (a) The soundness of cement is it's ability to Blaine's air permeability method, the spe-
resist volume change. cific surface of cement shall NOT be less
The maximum expansion limit for OPC, rapid than:
hardening, low heat, portland, masonry cement is 10 (a) 400 m2/kg (b) 320 m2/kg
mm & for super sulphated, high alumina cement is 5
mm. (c) 300 m2/kg (d) 220 m2/kg
3. Match the following: Ans. (b) As per IS 12600:1989, the specific surface
Type of Test on Brick of low heat Portland cement determined
by Blaine’s air permeability method should
P. Dimension Test
not be less than 3200 cm²/g.
Q. Water Absorption Test
Air permeability method - It also measures spe-
R. Compressive strength Test cific surface area. In it, Nurse & Blaine’s appa-
S. Warpage Test. ratus is used. Flow meter for quantity of air pass-
ing and manometer for air pressure are used.
Relevant IS Code Type of Cement Min. Specific Surface (m2/kg)
1. IS 1077 Ordinary portland cement 225
Portland pozzolana cement 300
2. IS 3495:Part IV Rapid hardning cement 325
3. IS 3495: Part I 5. A relatively high water absorption of a
4. IS 3495 : Part II common burnt clay brick indicates
(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4 (a) High bond strength with mortar
(b) P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2 (b) High shrinkage of brick
(c) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1 (c) High strength of brick
(d) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (d) Need for more mortar for plastering
Ans. (b) Testing of bricks Ans. (b) High shrinkage occurs since as the bricks
1. Dimension Test (IS 1077): 20 bricks are dry out, they lose moisture & tend to
randomly selected of standard size (19 × 9 × 9 ) shrink, potentially leading to cracks in the
cm. masonry.Bricks with higher water absorp-
2. Compressive Strength test (IS : 3495 –Part tion have a larger amount of internal wa-
I): Bricks are immersed in water for 24 hours. ter to lose, making them more prone to
Then taken out, Frogs filled with 1 : 3 mortar, shrinkage.
covered with Gunny bags for 24 hours, Again 6. IS code specifies that the compressive
immersed in water for 3 days. Now taken out strength of brick shall be determined by
& placed in compression testing machine at Rate keeping the brick:
of loading 14 N/mm2 per minute.
(i) Place the specimen with flat faces hori-
3. Water Absorption test: (IS 3495 –Part II) zontal

22
 (ii) Place the specimen with flat faces ver- monly but not as per IS Code.
tical IS-1077:1992 Classification And Specification Of
(iii) After soaking in water for 12 hrs. Bricks
(a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii) According to Indian standard(IS: 1077: 1992) bricks
(c) Only (iii) (d) (ii) and (iii) are classified into the following categories:
Ans. (a) As per IS 3495 (part 1): 1992, procedure The common burnt clay bricks shall be classified on
for testing of the compressive strength of the basis of average compressive strength as
burnt clay solid brick is
i). Place the specimen with flat faces horizontal &
mortar filled face facing upwards between two three-
ply plywood sheets each of 3 mm thickness & care-
fully centered between plates of the testing machine.
ii). Apply load axially at a uniform rate of 14 N/mm²
per minute till failure occurs & note the maximum
load at failure.
iii). The load at failure shall be the maximum load at
which the specimen fails to produce any further in-
crease in the indicator reading on the testing machine.
Preconditioning before the test: Immerse of
brick in water at room temperature for 24 hours.
7. What is the maximum allowable water ab-
sorption (%) of Indian burnt brick of class
20 ?
(a) 15 (b) 05
(c) 10 (d) 20
Ans. (a) As per IS 1077: 1992, clause 7.2, bricks
after immersion in cold water for 24 hours,
water absorption shall not be more than 20
% by weight upto class 12.5 & for the As per IS 1077 (1992), clause 6.2, Tolerances
classes above 12.5, water absorption shall The dimensions of bricks when tested in accordance
be between 12.5 and 15 %. with 6.2.1 shall be within the following limits per 20
8. The IS classification of bricks is based on bricks:
(i) Compressive strength i) For modular size
(ii) Water absorption • Length 3720 to 3880 mm (3800 ± 80 mm)
(iii) Dimensional tolerance of the above • Width 1760 to 1840 mm (1800 ± 40 mm)
(a) Only (i) is correct • Height
(b) (i) and (ii) are correct 1. 1760 - 1840 mm (1800+40 mm)
(c) (i) and (iii) are correct 2. (For 90 mm high bricks)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct 3. 760 to 840 mm (800±40 mm)
Ans. (c) Bricks are classified on the basis of wa- 4. (For 40 mm high bricks)
ter absorption in Class A,B,C and D com- ii) For non-modular size

23
 Length 4520 to 4680 mm (4600 ± 80 mm)
• Width 2240 to 2160 mm (2200 + 40 mm)
• Height
1. 1440 - 1360 mm (1400±40 mm)
2. (For 70 mm high bricks)
3. 640 to 560 mm (600+ 40 min).
4. (For 30 mm high bricks)
9. The dimensions of four types of burnt clay
bricks, P, Q, R and S are given below.
Which one of them, as per IS 1077 1992,
falls in the category of standard modular
size of normal burnt clay building brick.
(All dimensions of bricks are in mm units)
P : 230 × 110 × 70; Q : 230 × 110 × 30; R
: 190 × 100 × 90; S : 190 × 90 × 90
(a) R (b) Q
(c) P (d) S
Ans. (d) As per IS 1077: 1992, the standard modu-
lar size of common burnt clay building brick
falls within the dimensions of 190 mm ×
90 mm × 90 mm.
Among the given options :
P: 230 mm × 110 mm × 70 mm
Q: 230 mm × 110 mm × 30 mm
R: 190 mm × 100 mm × 90 mm
S: 190 mm × 90 mm × 90 mm
The brick that aligns with the standard modular size
is S.
10. As per IS (IS 12600:1989) specification for
initial setting time of Low heat Portland
Cement (LHPC), when tested by the Vicat
apparatus method described in IS 4031
(Part 5): 1988, of the following statement
is given.
"The initial setting time of LHPC, shall
not be less than 30 minutes"
Check whether the statement is correct.
If incorrect, give the correct statement.
(a) Incorrect statement; "The initial secting
time of LHPC shall not be greater than 60
minutes"
24
(b) Incorrect statement; "The initial setting
time of LHPC, shall not be less than 60
minutes"
(c) Incorrect statement; "The initial setting
time of LHPC, shall not be less than 20
minutes"
(d) Correct statement, No modification
Ans. (b)
Low heat Portland cement: Low C3S & C3A and
more contents of C2S .It is use in mass concrete
work & widely use in retaining wall, abutment,
dam.
• Initial setting time in minutes not less than 60 min-
utes, and;
• Final setting time in minutes not more than 600 min-
utes.
 Rate of development of strength is low but ul-
timate strength is same
11. The dimesnons of four types of burnt clay
bricks P, Q, R, S and T taken from five
sites are given below. Identify the bricks
which fall under the category of standard
modular size of common burnt clay build-
ing brick as per IS 1077:1992. (All dimen-
sions of bricks are in mm.)
P: 230 × 110 × 70
Q: 230 × 110 × 30
R: 190 × 100 × 90
S: 190 × 90 × 90
T: 190 × 90 × 40
(a) P, Q, and R only (b) P and R only
(c) P and Q only (d) S and T only
Ans. (d) As per IS 1077: 1992, the standard modu-
lar size of common burnt clay building brick
falls within the dimensions of 190 mm ×
90 mm × 90 mm & 190 mm × 90 mm ×
40 mm.
The brick that aligns with the standard modu-
lar size is S and T.
12. The required minimum compressive
strength of building bricks as recom-
mended by IS 1077-1957 and 1970 is
 (a) 140 kg/cm2 (b) 105 kg/cm2 14. The recommended values of compressive
(c) 70 kg/cm2 (d) 35 kg/cm2 strength (CS) and water absorption (WA)
for heavy duty burnt clay bricks of class
Ans. (d)
400 as per IS 2180 are respectively:
(a) CS = 45 to 50 N/mm2; WA < 20%
(b) CS = 35 to 40 N/mm2; WA < 15%
(c) CS = 30 to 40 N/mm2; WA < 12%
(d) CS = 40 to 45 N/mm2; WA < 10%
Ans. (d) According to IS 2180 (1988): Specifica-
tion for heavy-duty burnt clay building
bricks:
Water Absorption:
• The bricks when tested according to the procedure
laid down in IS 3495 (Part 2)-1976 after immersion
in water for 24 hours, the average water absorption
by mass shall not be more than 10 %.
• If specified by the purchaser, 5 hours boiling test
according to the procedure laid down in 1S: 3495 (Part
2)-1976 may also be done. In it, the average water
absorption by mass shall not be more than 15 %.
Compressive Strength:

Hence it can be seen that the minimum compressive

strength of the building bricks is 3.5 N/mm² (35 kg/
cm²).
13.As per IS:3495 (part I), to find the compres-
sive strength of bricks, load is applied at
a uniform rate of ————.
(a) 44 N/mm2 per minute
(b) 7 N/mm2 per minute The compressive strength of any individual brick shall
(c) 14 N/mm per minute
2 not fall below the minimum average compressive
(d) 50 N/mm2 per minute strength specified for the corresponding class of brick
by more than 20 %.
Ans. (c) Compressive Strength test (IS : 3495
–Part I): Bricks are immersed in water 15. Which of the following IS code is used for
for 24 hours. Then taken out, Frogs filled the guidelines for concrete mix propor-
with 1 : 3 mortar, covered with Gunny bags tioning
for 24 hours, Again immersed in water for (a) IS 1077:1992 (b) IS 10297:1982
3 days. Now taken out & placed in com- (c) IS 10262:2009 (d) IS 10042:1981
pression testing machine at Rate of load- Ans. (c) IS 10262:2009: Give guidelines for concrete
ing 14 N/mm2 per minute. mix proportionong
25
IS10297:1982- Design and construction of floor &
roofs using precast reinforced/prestressed concrete
Ribbed.
IS 10042:1981: Site investigation for the foundation
in gravel boulder deposit. Characteristic Requirement
16. To determine the compressive strength of 2
Fineness, m /
Burnt clay building brick, one should fol- 225
kg, Min
low:
370 for 43-S
(a) IS 3495 (b) IS 800 Soundness:
grade
(c) IS 1343 (d) IS 456 Soundness;
Ans. (a) IS 3495: Part 1: Method of test of burnt clay (a) By Le Chatelier
building bricks. 10
method, mm, Max
IS 456:2000: Plain and Reinforced Concrete code of (b) By autoclave test method
practice 0.8
percent, Max
IS 1343:2012: Prestressed Concrete Setting time;
IS 800:2007: General Construction in Steel code of (a) Initial, minutes, Min 30
practice 60 for 43  S
17. As per IS 8112-2013, If the initial setting grade
time of ordinary Portland cement-grade 43 (b) Final, minutes, Max 600
is ———— such cement should be re- Compressive strength, MPa
jected. (a) 72 ± 1h, Min 23
(a) 45 minutes (b) 25 minutes (b) 168 ± 2 h, Min 33
(c) 55 minutes (d) 35 minutes 37.5 for 43-S
Ans. (b) As per IS 8112:2013, "Ordinary Portland grade
Cement 43 (c) 672 ± 4h, Min 43
max 58

• If the initial setting time of ordinary Portland ce-

ment-grade 43 is less than 30 minutes, then such ce-
ment should be rejected.
18. Tolerance limits for dimensions of bricks
in length, width and height, respectively.
For a sample of 20 bricks taken together
as per IS code are:
(a) 2000 mm, 90 mm, 90 mm
(b) 100 mm, 95 mm, 95 mm
(c) 80 mm, 40 mm, 40 mm
(d) 50 mm, 20 mm, 20 mm

26
Ans. (c) As per IS 1077 (1992), clause 6.2, Toler- Ans. (d)
ances, The dimensions of bricks when • The burnt clay bricks having a compressive strength
tested in accordance with 6.2.1 shall be of more than 40 N/mm² are known as heavy-duty
within the following limits per 20 bricks. bricks & these are used in masonry in heavy engi-
Dimension Test (IS 1077): 20 bricks are randomly neering works like as bridges, industrial foundations,
selected of standard size (19 × 9 × 9 ) cm. & multi-storeyed buildings.
Modular Brick • According to IS: 3495-1992, a good brick when im-
mersed in water for about 24 hours, must not absorb
Dimension Tolerance
water more than 20 % by weight up to class 12.5
(mm) (mm)
MPa and 15 % by weight for higher classes.
Length 3800 ±80
• The bricks with a crushing strength of 7 to 14 N/
Width 1800 ± 40
mm² are graded as A & those having above 14 N/
Height mm² are graded. as AA.
(i) 9 cm 1800 ± 40
(ii) 4 cm 800 ± 40
19. The fineness of cement can be found out
by sieve analysis using IS sieve number
(a) 20 (b) 10
(c) 9 (d) 6
Ans. (c)
Fineness can be measured by following methods -
(a) Sieve method - It measures grain size using
100gm cement & 90
micron ( 9 no.) sieve.
(b) Wanger turbidimeter - It measures specific sur-
face area.
(c) Air permeability method - It also measures
specific surface area. In it, Nurse & Blaine’s ap-
paratus is used. Flow meter for quantity of air
passing and manometer for air pressure are used.
20. Consider the following statements regard-
ing bricks:
1. The burnt clay bricks having compres-
sive strength more than 40 N/mm 2 are
known as havey duty bricks.
2. The water absorption in good brick.
Should not, in any case exceeds 20 per-
cent of weight of dry.
3. Bricks having crushing strength above
14 N/mm2 are graded as AA.
Which of the above statements is/are cor-
rect?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

27