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IFAC PapersOnLine 55-10 (2022) 49–54

Machine Learning For the Future Integration of the Circular Economy in Waste
Machine
Machine Learning For
For the
the Future
LearningTransportation Integration
Futureand Treatment
Integration of the
the Circular
of Supply ChainEconomy
Circular Economy in
in Waste
Waste
Machine LearningTransportation
For the Future
Transportation Integration
and Treatment of the Circular
Supply
and Treatment Supply Chain Chain Economy in Waste
Hmamed Hala*. Cherrafi Anass*. Benghabrit Youssef*
Transportation and Treatment Supply Chain
Hmamed
HmamedENSAM,
* LM2I Laboratory, Hala*.
Hala*. Cherrafi
Cherrafi Anass*.
Anass*.
Moulay Ismail Benghabrit
Benghabrit
University, 50500Youssef*
Youssef*
Meknes, Morocco
** LM2I Hmamed
Laboratory, Hala*. Cherrafi Anass*. Benghabrit Youssef*
(e-mail: Laboratory, ENSAM,
hmhala68@gmail.com,
LM2I ENSAM, Moulay
Moulay Ismail
Ismail University,
University, 50500
a.cherrafi@ensam.umi.ac.ma, Meknes,
Meknes, Morocco
you_benghabrit@yahoo.fr).
50500 Morocco
*
(e-mail:
Abstract: Machine-learning LM2I Laboratory,
hmhala68@gmail.com, ENSAM, Moulay Ismail University,
a.cherrafi@ensam.umi.ac.ma,
technologies are key enablers to enhance the circularity 50500 in smart Morocco
Meknes,
you_benghabrit@yahoo.fr).
supply chain distributions. The
(e-mail: hmhala68@gmail.com, a.cherrafi@ensam.umi.ac.ma, you_benghabrit@yahoo.fr).
digital and sustainable supply
(e-mail:
Abstract: Machine-learning chain is a
hmhala68@gmail.com,
Machine-learning technologies
technologies are tangible
are key representation of circular
a.cherrafi@ensam.umi.ac.ma,
key enablers
enablers to to enhance
enhance the economy
the circularity future growth
supply that
you_benghabrit@yahoo.fr).
circularity in in smart
smart supply chaintakes environmental
distributions. The
Abstract:
challenges, by reducing materials consumption for manufacturing and reducing transportation emissions. chain
Yet, distributions.
machine The
learning,
digital
digital and
and sustainable
sustainable
Machine-learningsupply
supply chain
chain is
is
technologies a
a tangible
tangible representation
representation of
of circular
circular economy
economy future
future growth
growth that
that takes
takes environmental
environmental
Abstract:
circular economy
challenges, by and digital
reducing supply
materials chain are
consumption are key enablers
novel
for manufacturing
to enhance
disciplines.
manufacturing There
and
the
reducing
circularity
is limited in smart
research
transportation
supply
to fully chain distributions.
acknowledge
emissions. Yet, the promise
machine
The
of
learning,
challenges,
digital
circularand by reducing
sustainable
approaches in thematerials
supply
context consumption
chain
for waste for
is a tangible
treatmentrepresentation
and and
transportation. reducing
of circular
To fill transportation
economy
in this future
gap, emissions.
thisgrowth
study Yet,
that machine
takes
investigate learning,
environmental
the integration
circular
circular economy
economy
challenges, byusingand
and
reducing digital
digital supply
supply
materials chain
chain
consumption are novel
are novel
forfor disciplines.
disciplines.
manufacturing There
There is limited
is limited
andsupply
reducing research
research
transportation to fully
to fully acknowledge
acknowledge
emissions. Yet, the promise
the framework
machine promise of
of
learning,
of circularity
circular approaches machine-learning
in the context for techniques
waste treatment waste
and treatment
transportation. To chain.
fill in Resulting
this gap, instudy
this a circular economy
investigate the integration
circular
that approaches
economy
integrate and
severalin tools
the context
digitaland forchain
supply wastewhich
concepts, treatment
are novel and transportation.
disciplines.
willwaste
assists There isTo
manufacturers fill
in in
limited this gap,to
research
implementing this study
fully investigate
acknowledge the
the integration
promise of
of circularity
of circularity
circular using
using
approaches machine-learning
machine-learning
in the context for techniques
techniques
waste for
for
treatment waste
and treatment
treatment
transportation.supply
supply
To chain.
chain.
fill in Resulting
Resulting
this gap, incircular
in
this a
study
solutions
a circular
circular economy
economy
investigate
for framework
the
waste and
framework
integration
leachate
that treatment
integrate and tools
several transportation.
and concepts,The aim
concepts, of the
which study
will is tomanufacturers
assists present the ideainofimplementing
the approachalcircular
application of thefor
solutions opportunities
waste and
and
that
of integrate
circularity
offered by several
using
digital tools and
machine-learning
technologies and the which
techniques
circularitywill
for assists
waste
for waste manufacturers
treatment
processing in implementing
supplyorganizations
chain. Resultingin incircular
term solutions
a circular
of their economy
smart for waste
framework
supply chain
leachate
leachate
that treatment
treatment
integrate and
and
several transportation.
transportation.
tools and The aim
Themay
concepts, aim of the
of the
which study
study
will is to present
is practitioners
assists the
tomanufacturers idea
present thetoidea of the approachal
inofimplementing
the coordinating application
approachalcircular
application of the opportunities
ofthroughout
solutionsthefor
opportunities
wastewaste
and
management.
offered by
by The
digital proposed
technologiesframework
and The be
the circularityhandy
circularity for for
waste processing develop
organizations in term operations
termapplication
of their
their smart
smart supply chain
offered
leachate digital
treatment
treatment supply technologies
and and
transportation. the aim of the for
study waste
is to processing
present the organizations
idea of the in
approachal of of the supply chain
opportunities
management.
management.
offered Thechain,
The
by digital
with the
proposed
proposed
technologies
circular economy
framework
framework
and the maymay be
circularity
concepts
be handy
handy for
for for
and
waste
digital technology
practitioners
practitioners
processingto develop
opportunities.
to organizations
develop coordinating
coordinating operations
in term operations
of their smartthroughout
throughout waste
supply waste
chain
treatment
treatment supply
supply chain,
chain, with
with the
the circular
circular economy
economy concepts
concepts and
and digital
digital technology
technology opportunities.
opportunities.
management. The proposed framework may be handy for practitioners to develop coordinating operations throughout waste
© 2022chain,
Copyrightsupply
treatment with theThis
The Authors. circular open access
is aneconomy article under
concepts the CC
and digital BY-NC-ND
technology license
opportunities.
Keywords: Machine learning,/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
(https://creativecommons.org circular economy, smart supply chain, waste treatment, transportation.
Keywords: Machine
Keywords: Machine learning,
learning, circular
circular economy,
economy, smart
smart supply
supply chain,
chain, waste
waste treatment,
treatment, transportation.
transportation.
Keywords: Machine learning, circular economy, smart supply chain, waste treatment, transportation.
transportation, and consumption (Kristoffersen et al., 2020).
1. INTRODUCTION
However, previous
transportation, and studies
consumption and researchers
(Kristoffersen have etnotal.,assessed
2020).
The Abuse and1. INTRODUCTION
depletion of natural resources, transportation,
circularity in and
waste consumption
treatment (Kristoffersen
companies, and et al.,
have 2020).
not
1. INTRODUCTION However, previous studies and researchers have not assessed
forest degradation, global warming, and biodiversity loss are However,
transportation,
analyzed theprevious and
integrationstudies
consumption
of and
emerging researchers
(Kristoffersen
techniques have to not
et al.,assessed
leachate 2020).
and
The Abuse 1. INTRODUCTION resources, circularity in
in waste treatment companies, and have not
all Abuse and
The repercussions andof depletion
depletionworld’sof
thewarming,
of natural
natural
largest and resources,
excessive circularity
However, previous
waste processing waste treatment
studies
solutions. companies,
and necessity
The researchers haveandnotto
to migrate have not
assessed
circular
forest
forest
The degradation,
degradation,
Abuse and global
global warming,
depletion ofand
and biodiversity
biodiversity
natural loss
loss
resources, are
are analyzed
analyzed
circularity the
the integration
integration
in waste of
of emerging
emerging
treatment techniques
techniques
companies, to
to
and leachate
leachate
have and
and
not
population expansion (Sagnak et al. largest
2021). Social world is waste paradigm for waste management under the concept toofcircular
digital
all
all repercussions
repercussions
forest
being degradation,with
confronted
of
of this
global the world’s
thewarming,
world’s and
significant largest and
and excessive
biodiversity
environmental, excessive
loss waste processing
are analyzed
energy processing
technologies
solutions.
solutions.
the integration
has been
The
The necessity
of emerging
identified necessity
in the
to
to migrate
techniques
quest migrate
for to circular
tosustainability.
leachate and
population
population
all expansion
expansion
repercussions of (Sagnak
(Sagnak
the et
et
world’s al.
al. 2021).
2021).
largest Social
Social
and world
world
excessive is
is paradigm
paradigm
waste for
for
processing waste
waste management
management
solutions. The under
under
necessity the
the
to concept
concept
migrate of
of
to digital
digital
circular
and ecological issues (Sarkis et al. 2020). Climate change, this migrationhas has boosted manufacturing activities with the
being
being confronted
confronted
population
environmental expansionwith this
this significant
with (Sagnak
preservation, significant environmental,
environmental,
et al. 2021).
institutional
energy
energy
Social changing
legislation, world is technologies
technologies
paradigm
intention has been
been
forminimizing
of waste identified
identified
management
natural
in the
the quest
inunder
resource quest
the and
use
for
conceptsustainability.
for environmental
sustainability.
of digital
and
and
being ecological
ecological
confronted issues
issues
withand (Sarkis
(Sarkis et
et al.
thiscontingency al. 2020).
significant 2020). Climate
Climate
environmental, change,
change, this
this migration
migration
energy technologies hashas
has boosted
boosted
been identifiedmanufacturing
manufacturing activities
questactivities
inal.,the2020). for with
with the
sustainability.the
consumer
environmental activities,
preservation, institutional planning
legislation, arechanging
driving impacts
intention (deminimizing
of Souza Junior
natural etresource use andThus, lowering
environmental
environmental
and ecological
motivations preservation,
issues
behind theand(Sarkis
circular institutional
et al. 2020).
economy legislation,
Climate
concepts changing
change,
(Rahman intention
this
et pollutants, of
migration minimizing
has
managing boostednatural resource
manufacturing
waste transportation use and
in citiesenvironmental
activities with
andlowering the
leachate
consumer
consumer
environmental activities,
activities, and
preservation, contingency
contingency
institutional planning
planning
legislation, are driving
arechanging
driving impacts
impacts
intention (de
(de
of Souza
SouzatheJunior
minimizing naturalet
Junior al.,
al., 2020).
etresource 2020). Thus,
Thus,
useeffective
and lowering
environmental
al. 2019). The circular economy concept has acquired a lot of treatment, involves implementation of processes,
motivations
motivations
consumer
interest
behind
behindwith
activities,
recently,
the
theand circular
circular economy
economy
contingency
increased attention
concepts
concepts
planning
from
(Rahman
(Rahman
are driving
corporations, et pollutants,
et pollutants,
impacts
services and (demanaging
Souza waste
managing
algorithms waste
Junior transportation
transportation
to reduce et the in
in cities
al., significant
2020). cities
Thus, and leachate
andlowering
leachate
environmental
al.
al. 2019).
2019).
motivations The
The circular
circular
behind the economy
economy
circular concept
concept
economy has
has acquired
acquired
concepts (Rahmana
a lot
lot of
of
et treatment,
treatment,
pollutants, involves
involves
managing the
the implementation
implementation
waste transportation of
of effective
effective
in cities andprocesses,
processes,
leachate
authorities, and researchers (Al-Saidi et al.from
2021). consequences.
A circular services and In This paper,
algorithms to we are addressing the integration
interest
interest
al. 2019).
economy's
recently,
recently,
The with
circular
sustainable
increased
with economy
increased
implications
attention
attention
concept has
are from corporations,
corporations,
acquired
becoming a lot
more services
of treatment,
of three and
topics algorithms
involves (1) to reduce
reduce the
the implementation
Transportation theinsignificant
significant environmental
environmental
of effective
smart supply processes,
chain, (2)
authorities,
authorities,
interest and
and
recently, researchers
researchers
with increased(Al-Saidi
(Al-Saidi et
et
attention al.
al. 2021).
2021).
from A
A circular
circular
corporations, consequences.
consequences.
services and In
In This
This
algorithms paper,
paper,
to we
we
reduce are
are
the addressing
addressing
significant the
the integration
integration
environmental
apparent (Jin et H., 2020). Waste transportation and treatment Machine learning techniques, (3) The circular economy
economy's
economy's
authorities,
in the
sustainable
sustainable
and
circular researchers
economy
implications
implications
is (Al-Saidi
a crucial etare
are
subject
becoming
becoming
al. 2021). of A more of
more
circular
increasing of three
three topics
topics
consequences.
concepts, to
(1)
In
be
Transportation
(1)This paper, wetoarein
Transportation
integrated
smart
inaaddressing
smart
waste
supply
supply chain,
chain, and
the integration
treatment
(2)
(2)
apparent
apparent (Jin
(Jin et
et H.,
H., 2020).
2020). Waste
Waste transportation
transportation and
and treatment
treatment
more of Machine
Machine learning
learning
three topics supply techniques,
techniques,
(1) Transportation (3)
(3) The
The circular
circular economy
economy
economy's
considerations. sustainable
Logistics implications
service are becoming
requirements for supporting transportation
concepts, to chain fortoa inaMoroccan smart supplycompany.chain,The (2)
in
in the
the circular
apparent
resource circular
(Jin et H.,
circulation
economy
economy
2020).
reduction
is
is aa crucial
Wasteare crucial subject
subject
transportation
presented in
of
of increasing
and increasing
different treatment
phases concepts,
Machine
study to be
learning
emphasizes be theintegrated
integrated
techniques,
relevance to(3)
of machine
waste
a The
waste treatment
treatment
circular
learning economy
algorithms
and
and
considerations.
considerations. Logistics
Logistics service
service requirements
requirements for
of supporting
for supporting transportation
transportation supply
supply chain
chain for
fortoaa approach
aMoroccan
Moroccan company.
company. The
The
in the circular
(starter,
resource operation,
circulation
economy
destination,
reduction
is aproviders,
are
crucial
presented
subject increasing
andintransportation
different phasesof concepts,
in integrating
study emphasizes
to the be circular
the
integratedeconomy
relevance of machine
waste intreatment
learning supply
algorithms
and
chains
resource circulation
considerations.
components, reduction
Logistics
goods, and people) serviceare presented
requirements
(Al-Saidi in different
for phases
supporting
ettransportation
al. 2021). Yet, study emphasizes
transportation
logistics network the
supply relevance
chain
in wasteeconomy forof
processingamachine
Moroccan learning
context. algorithms
company.
We discussed The
(starter,
(starter,
resource
waste
operation,
circulationdestination,
operation,
transportation destination,
reduction
and
providers,
providers,
are
treatment presented
system
and
andin transportation
different
among phases
cities of in
of
and in integrating
integrating
study
the emphasizes
paradigm
the circular
the the
circular
involvement economy
relevancein
approach
approach
of convergence
this machine in
intosupply
learning supply chains
chains
algorithms
evaluate this
components,
components,
(starter, goods,
goods,
operation, and
and
destination,people)
people) (Al-Saidi
(Al-Saidi
providers, and et
et al.
al. 2021).
2021).
transportation Yet,
Yet,
of logistics
logistics
in network
network
integrating the in
in waste
waste
circular processing
processing
economy context.
context.
approach in We
We
supplydiscussed
discussed
chains
citizens in morocco is a crucial concern. The evolution of any nexus direction for future research opportunities. Through the
waste
waste transportation
transportation
components,
economy is
and
goods, inextricably
recently and treatment
and people)
treatment linked
system
system
(Al-Saidito the
among
among
et cities and the
and
cities Yet,
al. 2021).
synchronization the paradigm
paradigm
logistics
elaboration networkof
involvement
in wastein
involvement
framework in this
processing
that
convergence
thiscorporate
convergence
context. to
toWe
different
evaluate
evaluate this
this
discussed
tools and
citizens
citizens
waste in
in morocco
morocco is
transportation
of transportation
aa crucial
isand crucial
network.treatmentconcern.
concern.system
Whereas
The evolution
Theamong
evolution
making
of
cities and nexus
of any
any
energy nexus
the direction
direction
paradigm
concepts. This
for future
future research
forcontribution
involvement research opportunities.
opportunities.
in thishighlights
convergence Through
Through this
theto evaluate
fundamental
the
the
economy
economy is
is recently
recently inextricably
inextricably linked
linked to
to the
the synchronization
synchronization elaboration
elaboration of
of framework
framework that
that corporate
corporate different
different tools
tools and
and
citizens in morocco
preservation is a crucial
and pollution concern.
prevention hasThe evolution
become of the nexus
in any
vitalenergy problemsdirection
ofThisthefor future
waste research opportunities.
transportation and treatment, Through the
circular
of
of transportation
transportation
economy
supply is recently
chain sustainable
network.
network.
inextricably
system
Whereas
Whereas
linked
(Sagnak to
et the
al.,
making
making energy concepts.
synchronization
2021). Recently concepts.
elaboration
economy, This
and
contribution
contribution
of framework
digital supplythatchainhighlights
highlights
corporate the
the fundamental
different
intersections. fundamental
tools and
However,
preservation and
and pollution prevention has
has become vitalenergy
in
in the problems
problems ofThisthe
the waste transportation and
and treatment, circular
preservation
of transportation
companies,
supply chain
pollution
community,
sustainable
network.
andprevention
system
Whereas
organizations
(Sagnak et
become
are
al., all vital
making
2021). striving
Recently
the there is a of
to concepts.
economy, lacking
and
waste
digital
transportation
contribution
of studies
supply
highlights
forchain
developing treatment,
the
new fundamental
intersections. methodscircular
However, for
supply chain
preservation
create and sustainable
and pollution
encourage system
novel (Sagnak
prevention
emerging has et al.,
become2021).
technologies Recently
vital in
modelsthe economy,
problems
machine ofand the
learning digital
waste
approachsupply to chain
transportation
promote intersections.
and
the treatment,
circular However,
circular
economy
companies,
companies,
supply
based chain
on
community,
community,
sustainable
circular economy
and
and organizations
system organizations
(Sagnak et
concepts
are all
are2021).
al.,
(Frost
striving
all al.,
et striving
Recently
2021).to there
to there is
is aa lacking
economy,
principles lacking
andsmart
in
of
digital studies
ofsupply
studies
supply for
chain
developing
forchain
developing new
new
intersections.
strategies.
methods
methods
Moreover, However, for
for
there
create
create and
and
companies, encourage
encourage
community, novel
novel
and emerging
emerging
organizations technologies
technologies
are all models
models
striving to machine
machine
there is a learning
learning
lacking approach
approach
of studies to
to
for promote
promote
developing the
the circular
circular
new economy
economy
methods for
Currentondigital circular economy standards utilize digital have not been
principles in any previous studiesstrategies.
that emphasized the waste
based
based
create and circular
on
technologies circular
encourage
by
economy
economynovel rising
highlighting
concepts
concepts
emerging (Frost
(Frost et
et al.,
technologies
solutions, facilitators,
2021).
al., models
2021).
and machine
treatment in smart
principleslearning
supply smart supply
supply
approach
chain in this
chain
chain strategies.
todirection.
promote Moreover,
Moreover,
the circular
Thus, there is
there
there
economy
a lack of
Current
Current
based on digital
digital
circular circular
circular
economy economy
economyconcepts standards
standards
(Frost utilize
utilize
et al., digital
digital
2021). have
have not
not
principles been
been
in any
any
smart previous
previous
supply studies
studies
chain that
that emphasized
emphasized
strategies. Moreover, the
the waste
waste
there
challenges
technologies (Al-Saidi
by et al., 2021). Using in manufacturing, guidelines
treatment on
supply using
chain advances
in this technologies
direction. Thus, to enhance
there is a waste
lack of
technologies
Current by highlighting
digital highlighting
circular economy rising
rising solutions,
standards facilitators,
solutions, facilitators,
utilize digital and
and havetreatment supply
not been anychain in thisstudies
previous direction. that Thus, there isthe
emphasized a lack of
waste
challenges
2405-8963
challenges (Al-Saidi
Copyright
(Al-Saidi © et
2022
et al.,
The
al., 2021).
Authors.
2021). Using
This
Using
technologies by highlighting rising solutions, facilitators, and isin
inan manufacturing,
open access
manufacturing, article guidelines
under the
treatmentCC
guidelines on using
BY-NC-ND
on
supply using
chain advances
license
advances
in .
this technologies
technologies
direction. Thus, to
to enhance
enhance
there is a waste
waste
lack of
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
challenges (Al-Saidi et al., 2021). Using in manufacturing, guidelines on using advances technologies to enhance waste
10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.366
50 Hmamed Hala et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-10 (2022) 49–54
transportations and leachate treatment, through
logistics efficiency and productivity in the context of a circular
approach and smart supply chain principles. This paper aims
to fills this gap by combining these emerging concepts. Which
enables the evaluation of existing and future innovative circular
initiatives. Through the proposed framework, which is based
on Moroccan waste treatment company, organizations,
professionals and academicians will be capable of building
roadmaps and discover new avenues for future innovations in
waste treatment and transportation. The remainder of the paper
is set out as follows. The literature review assessed in
implementing the circular economy approach in smart supply
chain and the digital technologies are detailed in Section 2. The
study method is explained in Section 3. The suggested
framework and the implemented concepts and tools are
presented in Section 4. The research relevance and limits are
discussed are summarized the final Section.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Circular economy through waste distribution in smart
supply chain
The integration of circular economy in smart supply chain
transportation system is based on different principles, and take
into consideration various features (energy and resources
consumption, costs, pollution, emissions) (Fatimah et al. 2020).
The establishment of pollution mitigation legislation has
gained the circular economy traction in developed countries.
The objective is to promote value-added preservation choices
in order to dissociate consumption of resources and business
growth (Rahman et al. 2019). To incorporate and embed the
circular economy, the companies are entailed to manage
limited stocks and balance renewable resource inventories to
maintain and increase ecological integrity (NoParast et al.,
2021). For technological and biological processes, the strategy
need to maximize resource returns by using resources and
recycled items to their capability (Pecorari and Lima 2021).
Different researches provided comprehensive simulation of
circular economy related to sustainable supply chain, but only
few studies focused on waste distribution and treatment supply
chain. The key aim of the green supply chain, as an emerging
research issues, are to schedule, organize, and monitoring
logistics, financial flows, data flows (Tirkolaee et al. 2021), and
data output of waste and returns. This concerns strengthen the
performance and the sustainable integration by optimizing the
speed and the production activities in logistics operations
(Chen et al., 2020). Allman et al. (2020) proposed to employ
flexible and adaptable manufacturing reused units, to reduce
the transportation resources required to deliver biomass to
power generation manufacturing facilities. Chain. De Souza
Junior et al. (2020) explored a concrete example of a
manufacturing operation that implements the waste
management approach in a circular economy concept. Many
researchers improved the structure of the reverse supply
chain network. Current studies present strategies to continuous
improvement for sustainable reverse logistics by combining the
concepts of Industrial revolution 4.0 with the circular economy
methods (Dev et al. 2020). To achieve the circular economy,
Atabaki et al. (2020) redesigned their supply chain network for
durable items using mixed integer linear programming
paradigm. Distribution systems are seeing significant
commercial and financial prospects because of recent
innovations of Industry 4.0. Recent researches provided a set
of recommendations on strategy implementation and
technologies contributions in circular economy and waste
recycling (Muhammad et al., 2021). Green distribution routes,
for example, have been established for transportation among
large centers and across vast distances to tackle ecological
consequences and climatic implications (İzmirli et al., 2021).
For the sustainable evolution of the transportation system,
previous studies built comprehensive and modular simulation
models that represent the circular economy growth in order
to mitigate the environmental emissions of transportation
(Atabaki et al. 2020). The sustainable strategies sensor were
created, and it integrates circular economy that are pertinent to
industrial companies to enhance their supply chain
transportation system (Qian et al., 2021). Fresh insights on
distribution emerge because of Industry 4.0, and significant
number of simulation and experiment at sustainable freight
logistics that have been launched. Nevertheless, few of these
studies integrated tools to implement circularity in waste
distribution network including unsorted waste and leachate.
Yet, there is a lack in researches that integrates circularity and
digital approach, for waste treatment and transportation
organizations.
2.2 Digital technologies for the transition to a circular
economy in transportation systems
Machine learning plays a critical role in analyzing complicated
computational methods and offering insight for judgments and
decisions, resulting in optimal and operationally viable
algorithms (Muhammad et al., 2021). Machine
learning technologies can assist in the development of a
circular economy at a quicker rate than would otherwise be
achievable. By monitoring the transportation of materials,
equipment, resources and data, emerging revolution in machine
learning might be significant facilitators of circular economy
(Boonphun et al., 2019). The Kleine Deters et al. (2017)
approach has also applied machine learning to assess the
features of different years of climatic and pollutant data. In
order to forecast Pm2.5 levels from the current speed and
movement of the airflow and rainfall volumes.
Different papers delved into a variety of machine learning
techniques. Machine learning has the potential to accelerate the
planning and production of entirely new circular technologies
and industries. It can also assist conventional operators in their
transformation towards circular solutions. Wang and Zhang
(2020) explored the statistical tool for voltage regulation
focusing on various economic frames in the transportations
employing a predictive model based energy optimization
process. The improved machine-learning model is
implemented to enhance the supply chain using a circularity.
Furthermore, the strategy takes into account supply chain
sustainable aspects while implementing the circular approach.
Machine learning can promote stronger distribution channels
by accurately and efficiently examine transportation data,
customer response, structures, and equipment (Tirkolaee et al.
2021). Deep learning models were constructed to anticipate the
quantity of recovery and industrial wastes that may be obtained
from constructions at the end of their lives before destruction.
Datasets applied in deep neural network algorithms were taken
from various building destruction data gathered from experts
 Hmamed Hala et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-10 (2022) 49–54 51

(Akanbi et al. 2020). For evaluating varied data and reliable problems of waste treatment companies in morocco, results in
attribute predictions, machine-learning technologies operate to save treatment and transportation of waste and leachate. The
forecast the optimal path for delivering goods on time to clients collect and transportation of unsorted waste provide
(Tirkolaee et al.2021). By accurately and efficiently evaluate environmental and social impacts. As well as leachate
the structure of transportation, client’s characteristics and generation, which is considerate as a hazard organic with
networks planning, algorithms can develop efficient complex composition of fluids resulting from organic or
distribution route. Pecorari and Lima (2021) concentrated on a inorganic waste. By combining existing literature and the waste
distribution routing problem for different recycling treatment company’s data, we have created a circular
infrastructure and centers. In order to investigate the influence framework for waste treatment companies with the integration
of recyclable materials distribution on price, environment, and of different tools and techniques. The adopted methodology is
resources. An advanced analytical approach addressing supply presented in (Fig.1).
chain sustainability evaluation using emissions forecasts was
implemented in. (Qian et al. 2021). This entails a more
thorough integration of machine learning techniques into
circular economy through the concept of supply chain. The
evaluated studies focused on modeling features including
emission or pollutant but there have not been any focus on
waste transport and collection all over cities. Yet digital supply
chain in the context of circular economy enable a huge amount
of parameters and attributes, especially in waste treatment
fields. However, because both circular economy and digital
technologies are new domains. There is limited systematic
instruction on how machine-learning technologies might be
used to achieve the promise of circular solutions for resource
productivity in waste treatment and transport organizations.

3. METHODOLOGY
To develop an enabling framework for waste treatment and
transportation organizations, we assessed the current research
of digital technologies in the circular economy concepts within
distribution network is smart supply chain. There were
three aspects to the literature review. (1) Current distribution
network in supply chain 4.0, (2) The integration of circular
economy in waste management systems. (3) Emerging
technologies and machine learning techniques, to incorporate
circular economy in waste treatment. Scopus, Science Direct,
Emerald, Springer, Taylor and Francis were chosen for this
evaluation because of their comprehensive coverage of articles
relevant to our context. The unit of analysis is a journal, a full
conference paper, or a book. The relevant papers were filtered
using a collection of keywords, comprising emerging
technologies, machine learning, circular economy,
transportation systems, smart supply chain, and waste
distribution network. Therefore a set of AND/OR operators.
We explored the research that explained the relationship
between circular economy and machine learning in component.
We searched for guiding strategy to understand the influence
of emerging techniques to circularity and supply chain
performance for waste management. We filtered the findings
of this research depending on the three context mentioned
before. Then, we established the focus of the study, then we
determinate the categorization context and issue setting,
moreover we assessed the literature, and finally reviewed and
summarized the collected articles. Then we assessed the data of
Waste Treatment and Transportation Company based in
Morocco. The enterprise collect the daily waste of cities, which
is carried out through four main activities. (1) Leachate
treatment by a suitable industrial process. (2) Waste sorting
center: hug Hangar and logistics platform. (3) Biogas capture
and recovery. (4) Green waste composting platform. The main
Figure 1. The adopted methodology.
4. BOOSTING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN WASTE
TREATEMENT AND TRANSPORTAION SUPPLY CHAIN
USING MACHINE LEARNING
In this section, we highlight the potential future research needs
and prospects. In order to incorporate innovative concepts in
waste treatment and transportation organizations. Through the
involvement of the circular economy and machine learning
operations in the smart supply chain process and activities.
Within the integrating of several challenges, features,
technologies and discussing important insights.
4.1 Sustainability and renewable resources
As a means of addressing sustainable growth, the circular
economy promotes the optimum exploitation of available
resources in a cycle of continuous improvement, resulting in
lower emissions, fuel consumption, and waste limitations
(Atabaki et al. 2020). The waste treatment supply chain in a
circular economy was crucial to the expansion of the
manufacturing and the environmental sector. The circular chain
method ensures the allocation of materials while growing
industries by providing a recycling function. Substantial
concerns arise because of environmental and social variables
52 Hmamed Hala et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-10 (2022) 49–54
while managing energy consumption and economic strategies
in the supply chain and logistics process (Wang and Zhang
2020). As a result, combining smart supply chain
4.0 strategies with circular economy principles may help
organizations manage the waste operations efficiently.
Sustainable operations strategy entails an appreciation of
industrial recycling processes that have an environmental
impact, as well as an emphasis on waste management
(Kristoffersen et al.2020). Hence, for the proposed framework,
the circular engagement entails promotional perspectives for
recycled waste, regenerated water from leachate and generated
biogas. As these main processes, present a strong engagement
to the sustainable issues. This implementation of the proposed
new approach requires social and economic integration besides
a global circularity for waste transportation over the cities.
The circularity will be controlled at the operational
management network, and the company have to convey
effectively the circular processes (input and design process,
Fig.2). The main objective of optimizing waste treatment
supply chain and integrating sustainable transportation setup is
to achieve operational needs in terms of supply chain
durability, accessibility, and reliability. Besides, these
perspectives enhance the integration of ISO 14001V2015
requirements to all operational levels, and help in reducing
associated risks and costs.
4.2 Life cycle and Risk management
Analysis of recycled leachate and waste treatment, which is
crucial for the circular economy approach, is one of the first
phases in risk management investigation. With risk
management integration, a thorough explanation of the
composition and quality of the available assets and
resources resulting from waste treatment is required. A life
cycle framework can also be integrated in the analysis of waste
types logistical decisions processes. Assessing risks
management and life cycle concept are standards driving the
precise logistical decisions supporting waste recycling and
circularity under smart supply chain relevant metrics (Dente
and Tavasszy 2018). For example, Bechtsis et al. (2017)
examined the conceptual, operational, and logistical
considerations that need be taken to incorporate automatic
guided vehicles into supply chain operations. Risk approach is
an opportunity to enhance manufacturing viability by
decreasing the accidents rate, transportation costs and
empowering environmental treatment process implementation.
Moreover, lifecycle approach should be integrated directly to
all waste management procedures. The process of waste and
green waste cycle to reused items, as well as the cycle of
leachate process to treated water and generated biogas
(Manufacturing step, Fig.2). As result, a potential integration
for the proposed framework may eliminate the unsustainable
concerns and risks and enhance the integration of lifecycle
approach in the future.
4.3 Covid-19 implications
The global supply chain has been disrupted to a historically low
level due to measures required to reduce the spreading of the
epidemic Coronavirus. The economy may be driven into
ambiguity because of disruptions in global value chains. such
as a shortage of appropriate personnel and disruptions in
shipping transit to recycling economies despite robust
preventative precautions (Rahman et al. 2021). The economic,
social, and environmental organizational that have been
considered as impediments to the sustainable approach
and models (Sarkis et al. 2020), might now appreciate the effort
required to integrate the circular economy concepts. In the
other hand, the significant consequence of the closure as a
strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is a slowing of
economic growth due to the suspension of production
businesses and a decrease in consumption growth in the
economy. It is an occasion to restructure the production
patterns and consumption behavior to more sustainable
directions for waste treatment. As it affects directly the
personal working on waste treatment process. The COVID-
19 crisis presents an opportunity to transition from the current
traditional standards and method of waste treatment in
Morocco to an ecological approach. This transition can be
implemented by embracing sort of global development of
circular and digital approach and governance model (Risk
mitigation, Fig.2).
4.4 Blockchain and cybersecurity
In logistics, blockchain and cybersecurity technologies attempt
to ensure data availability, safety, and traceability throughout
many organizations. It may also be used as an effective
framework to create strong industries and deliver efficiency.
Because of its data and workflow toolsets, it has a wide range
of possible implementations (Bekrar et al. 2021). For
monitoring waste treatment supply chain activities to assure
data integrity, transparency, and visibility. Different features
can be datasets associated to circular economy process
(collected waste, treated leachate, generated clean water, Green
compost, amount of biogas, sorted waste...). Further
advantages of getting this features in data, include the
accessibility of key metrics and the opportunity to provide
service and quality and security in waste transportation through
cities. This synergy has the opportunity to generate higher
advantages when used jointly than when used separately
(Transportation and consumption phase, Fig.2). In other words,
there are combinatorial advantages in managing waste data
from the collection, transportation, sorting to recycling and
regeneration.
4.5 Emerging technologies
Emerging technologies enable enterprises in tackling a variety
of challenges and maybe creating new opportunities. Many
innovations have an influence on global supply chain elements.
Big data, the Internet of Things, tracking techniques,
forecasting approaches, AI, and cloud services are the most
often deployed tools (Zekhnini et al. 2021). Several solutions
will be integrated in the whole process of circularity in digital
supply chain including waste distribution network.
Furthermore, incorporating the Iot devices will aid in
improving waste logistics processes, reducing
recycling processes, and reducing waste transportation time.
This integration include logistics features (waste transportation
mode, capacity of tracks, waiting time of collecting waste,
emissions, and distance through cities). Machine learning
techniques applied to waste treatment and transportation
process, are stronger and more efficient as a response of the
capacity. In order to give more predictable and accurate data
about collected waste and recycled green items.
 Hmamed Hala et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-10 (2022) 49–54
Figure 2 : The proposed framework.
The framework will be able to predict leachate attributes,
forecast biogas production and estimate the amount of treated
water and quantities of recycled products, and provide optimal
path of green waste transport. The proposed framework provide
the flexibility to associate the present data to all process of
waste treatment and transportation supply chain thanks to these
technologies. Efficient. To conclude, merging the conceptual,
operational, and functional dimensions is vital for effective
waste treatment efficiency for operational, micro and macro
processes of the company (Fig.2). Since it provides a
circular architecture to perceive smart supply chain and
logistics concepts with the circular economy principles from a
digital perspective. It enables decisions to be maintained and
provide optimal solutions for waste transportation, acquisition,
sorting, treatment and distribution of recycled items and
regenerated product. Figure 2 present the proposed framework
for waste treatment and Transportation Company with the
integrated concepts.
The nexus of three developing megatrends, machine learning
and the circular economy in smart supply chain, is the focus of
this study. By developing a comprehensive implementation
strategy, it is essential to evaluate present and prospective
circular economy in waste treatment and transportation supply
chain using machine-learning techniques. This is a very
valuable tool for environmental operators, who often have little
useful guidelines for moving forward with technology driven
circular solutions. As a result, the framework may be deployed
to establish the intended outcome, to assist in the
implementation of waste processing techniques and 4.0
approach to take a substantial industrial strategy. Waste
treatment, smart supply chain, machine learning, and circular
economy principles are challenging to be integrated in
the operational level. Especially for Moroccan waste industries,
that implement traditional solution including manual sorting
and collecting of waste. Although there may be significant
conceptual collaborations, cooperation on infrastructure
designs, equipment and materials to control waste treatment
and insure save transportation of leachate among cities and
citizens. Moreover, it might assures a confidential data
collection and waste tractability, which is significant concern
to integrate machine-learning algorithms. The use of
sustainable and effective waste transportation is directly
significant to the performance of the company via circularity.
53
This influence is boosted with waste data accessibility, to
clearly evaluate costs and environmental directions for
recycled items. Thus, managers in waste industry confront
several of the environmental, financial, technical, and societal
issues. Management is concerned about the limitations and
issues mentioned before, and with the absence of Moroccan
government regulations. Nevertheless, the future of this
industry will definitely demand different solutions. Even with
the constraints, it is envisaged that machine-learning
techniques for the circular economy integration in waste
treatment and supply chain and logistics will emerge in a
variety of tasks and companies would demand expertise and
competence growth.
5. CONCLUSION
The circular economy, machine learning, and waste treatment
and transportation supply chain nexus are all addressed in this
paper. The study includes a summary of current trends and gaps
to provide intriguing research prospects and implications. As
there have not been any previous study that integrate those
three issues in a waste treatment and transportation supply
chain. This study seeks to fill a void in existing literature by
proposing a framework and research streams opportunities. The
paper elucidates on how smart supply chain features and
tools of for circularity should be addressed through machine
learning technologies. By proposing prospective techniques
and challenges for the process and activities of waste treatment
and transportation organization based in Morocco.
Incorporating digital technologies for circularity integration in
smart and sustainable waste treatment transportation, through
cities and citizens will certainly necessitate modification of
existing regulations, processes, standards, and ideologies.
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